Myanmar Student Movement 2c

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif
tcef; (21)
Nird ;f csr;f a&; 'Dru

kd a&pDa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif
ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f
(1958 rS 1959)
(u) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if v

H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG
1958 ck? Mo*kwf (9) &uf rS (13) &uf
Source: Oway Magazines
A[djk yifqifa&;aumfrwD obmywd wuo Ouú| OD;pd;k ode;f rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf (&efuek w
f uúov
kd b
f EYGJ iS ;f obifcef;r)
569
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJusif;y&mü A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDwGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS

(10) OD;? rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS (5) OD;? armfvNrdKifaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS (5) OD;?
rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS (5) OD;? ausmif;jzLaumvdyfausmif;om;or*¾rS (5) OD;? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS
(5) OD; aygif;tzGJU0ifaygif; (40) yg0ifonf/
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJOD;pD;tzGJYwGif-
1/ udkpdk;odef; obmywd (wuo)
2/ udkapmvGif 'k-obmywd (rwuo)
3/ udkcifarmiftkef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (wuo)
4/ udkwifa½T wGJbuf-taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (rwuo)
5/ udkausmfvS tzGJU0if (armfvNrdKifaumvdy)f
6/ udkrif;axG; tzGJU0if (armfvNrdKifaumvdy)f
7/ udkñGefYaZmf (rauG;aumvdyf)
8/ udkrif;ausmf (rauG;aumvdyf)
9/ (ausmufjzLaumvdyf)
10/ (ausmufjzLaumvdyf)
11/ udkcifxGef; (ykord af umvdy)f
12/ (ykord af umvdy)f
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif 0efBuD;csKyfudk,fwdkif wufa&muf rdeYf cGef;ajym&efjzpfaomfvnf; c&D;vGefaeojzifh
o0PfvTmom ay;ydkYcJhonf/ 'k-0efBuD;csKyf ocifwifuvnf; o0PfvTmay;ydkYcJhonf/
'k-0efBuD;csKyfocifwif\o0PfvTm
odhk
jynfaxmifjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;ya&;aumfrwD
ausmif;om;ôltaygif;wdkh-
armifwdkY usKyfwdkY ,aeYta&;BuD;qHk;aom jyóemonf tb,fenf;/
armifwdkY usKyfwdkY\ ,aeYta&;BuD;qHk;aomjyóemrSm jynfaxmifjrefrmEdkifiHawmfBuD;onf tbufbufrS
wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;yif jzpfonf/
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmfBuD; tbufbufrS wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf p&ef rnfonfu h pd u
ö kd aqmif½u G Mf urnf
enf;/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHolôm;rsm;tbufbufrS wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmif aqmif½Guf&efyif jzpfonf/
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if o H ^l om;rsm;tbufbufrS wd;k wufaumif;rGev f matmif rnfonfu h pd u
ö kd aqmif½u G f
Murnfenf;/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHolôm;rsm;tm; vlawmfvlaumif;rsm;jzpfvmatmif aqmif½Guf&efyif jzpfonf/
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if o H ^l om;rsm;tm; vlawmfval umif;rsm;jzpfvmap&ef ynmay;jcif;ESihf ynm½Smjcif;yif
jzpfonf/
ynmay;jcif;? ynm½Smjcif;qdk&mü arG;onfaeYrSpí aoonfaeYtxd aqmif½Guftyfaom vkyfief;jzpfay
onf/ tvGefus,fajymaom vkyfief;BuD;w&yfvnf; jzpfayonf/
ynmay;jcif;? ynm½Smjcif;wdkYonf ynma&;vkyfief;jzpfí us,fajymoavmuf tvGefeufeJcufcJaom
udpöBuD;vnf; jzpf\/ aeY½Sdoí? tcsdef½Sdoí vIyf½Sm;wdk;wufaeaom udpövnf;jzpf\/
xdkodkYwNyD;um; usKyfnDi,f? nDri,frsm;onf ,aeYtcsdefü rdrdwdkY ESD;aESmzvS,ftHhaom udpö\oabm
obm0udk vnf;aumif;? twdrfteufESifhyrmPudk vnf;aumif;? aumif;pGmtm½HkjyKMuvsuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
awmfBuD; tbufbufrS wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef pGrf;aqmifEdkifMuap[k qkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkufygonf/
(yH)k
'k-0efBuD;csKyf
(jynfaxmifpkvlrIa&;)
570
ynma&;0efBuD; OD;ausmfZHuvnf; <ua&mufrdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/

ynma&;0efBu;D OD;ausmZf \
H rdechf eG ;f
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ausmif;aygif;pHkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;odkh wufa&mufMuwJU
ausmif;olôm; udk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkh-
,aeY þausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,faygif;pHkwJh ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; pwifzGifhvSpfcsdefrSm pum;tenf;
i,fajym&vdkY rsm;pGm0rf;ajrmufygw,f/ ,ckESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufatmif w&uf? ESpf&uftwGif; pDrHvdkYNyD;wm
r[kwyf gbl;/ Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf BuD;rSL;wJh ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwD tvkypf wifaqmif½u G of nfh 1957 ZGev f upNyD;
&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾uvnf; ausmif;om;aygif;pHkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ wckjyKvkyfNyD; aumfrwDudk
tMuHay;cGifhjyK&ef awmif;qdkygw,f/ ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDuvnf; ,cka&;qGJrnfh ynma&;pHepf[m jynfolvlxk?
ausmif;om;rdb? ausmif;q&m? ausmif;om;rsm;ponfh ynma&;ESio hf ufqikd w f hJ yk*Kd¾ vftm;vH;k \ tMuHÓPf? tultnD?
yl;aygif;aqmif½GufrIwdkYudk txl;vdkvm;wJhtwGuf ausmif;om;csnf;oufouf pka0;wdkifyifapNyD; tMuHtÓPfrsm;ay;
&ef qE´½Sdygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;&JUqE´? ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwD\oabmxm;? Ouú|BuD; EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\
qEÉSifh udkufnDwJhtwGuf wESpfeD;ygrQ tvDvDaqG;aEG;NyD;rS xajrmufatmifjrifvmwJh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;jzpfygw,f/
,ckESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;&JU tpDtpOft& ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk aqG;aEG;rJhtaMumif;t&m tvdkuf
tpkcGJNyD; aqG;aEG;ygvdrfhr,f/ aqG;aEG;&mrSm ay:aygufvmwJh tMuHaumif;ÓPfaumif;rsm;udk aemufqHk;aeYusif;yr,fh
ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,af ygif;pHk tpnf;ta0;yGBJ uD;rSm xyfraH qG;aEG;twnfjyKNyD; tJ't D pnf;ta0;yGBJ uD;u a½G;aumuf
wifajr§mufvdkufwJh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDodkY wifjyaqG;aEG;ygr,f/
'DvdkvkyfwJhpepf[m EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rSm 'Drdkua&pD,HkMunfrI½SdwJhtaMumif;/ cdkifrmwJh om"uBuD;wck jzpfyg
w,f/ vlwdkif;vlwdkif;rSm ÓPf½Sdw,f/ wa,mufeJYwa,muf yHkoP²meftrlt&m uGJjym;ovdkyJ t,ltqoabmxm;
rSmvnf; uGJjym;w,f/ vlwdkif;vlwdkif;rSm ÓPf½Sdw,fqdkwm ,HkMunfrI? xdkÓPf½SdrIudk,HkMunfNyD; jynfolvlxkudk
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf trsm;tusKd;½SdrItwGuf ajymqdktMuHÓPfay;cGifh½SdrI? wOD;ESifhwOD;uGJjym;rIaMumifh ,ckavmurSm
wd;k wufr½I wdS ,fqw kd hJ ,HMk unfr?I 'gawG[m tajccHoabmeJY 'Dru kd a&pDrmS ude;f atmif;aewJh tqDtESpaf wG jzpfygw,f/
,ck ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;&JU ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udkvnf; tJ'DtajccH 'Drdkua&pD,HkMunfrIeJY ynma&;pHkprf;rI
aumfrwDu ulnDusif;yay;&jcif; jzpfygw,f/
ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;? jrefrmEdik if aH wmf&UJ ynma&;udk aqG;aEG;wJt h cgrSm tajccHoabmeJY odrw S t f yf
wJh tcsufuav;½Sdygw,f/ tenf;i,f ajymjyygr,f/
(1) ynma&;qdkonfrSm EdkifiHwEdkifiH&JU vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? trsKd;om;a&;eJY qufpyfaeygw,f? vlrIa&;?
pD;yGm;a&;? trsKd;om;a&;rSm jyóemrsm;½SdaeovdkyJ ynma&;rSmvnf; jyóemrsm;tpOf ½Sdaeygw,f/
tJ'jD yóemrsm;[m wd;k wufr&I UJ t&if;cHy/J jyóem½Srd S wd;k wufr½I rdS ,f/ ynma&;jyóemr½Sw d hJ Edik if [H m
ynma&;oabmeJU wd;k wufrrI ½Sad wmhb;l vdYk ,lq&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh urÇmay:rSm b,fEikd if rH S ynma&;
jyóemuif;½Sif;NyD;vdkY r½SdEdkifyg/ ynma&;jyóemudk ajz½Sif;&ef tm;xkwfwJhyk*¾dKvfrsm;[m aEGtcg
opfyifwyifatmufrSm wHjrufpnf;vSJaewmeJY wlygw,f/ a½SUuvSJoGm;? aemufu opf½GufajcmufawG
xyfusovdkyJ/ ynma&;jyóemudk a½SUu½Sif;oGm;&if;eJY aemufjyóemopfawG xyfvdkufvmwmyJ/
½Si;f ray;&ifawmh tpd;k &tqd;k yJ/ tckqakd wmh jynfaxmifprk mS ynma&;eJYywfoufNyD; cPcP ajz½Si;f ay;
ae&wmudkawmh todMuom;ygyJ/
(2) jynfaxmifp[ k m vGwv f yfwhJ tcsKyftjcmtmPmeJU Edik if w H Edik if b
H /J tJ'aD wmh urÇmay:rSm½Sw d hJ tjcm;vGwf
vyfwhJ Edik if aH wGeYJ EdiI ;f ,SOMf unf&h r,f/ ud, k Ef ikd if aH v;udk ud, k Mf unfah er,fq&kd if ]]a&tdik x f uJ zm;oli,feYJ
wlaeygvdrrhf ,f/}} EIid ;f ,SOw f t
hJ cgr,f ynm½SBd uD;OD;ykna&;ovdyk ?J tojymwyfxm;wJh ig;Muif;acgif;udk
awmh udik v f Ykd rjzpfao;bl;/ ESpaf ygif;ESpaf xmifausmf oH;k axmifupNyD; wu,fu h kd BuD;yGm;csifwikd ;f BuD;yGm;?
wdk;wufcsifwdkif; wdk;wufaewJh EdkifiHawGeJYawmh EIdif;,SOfvdkY oifhr,frxifbl;/ jrefrmEdkifiHeJY tajctae
trsKd;rsKd;wlwJh EdkifiHrsm;eJY EdIif;,SOfrS ,xmblw trSefa&mufEdkifvdrfhr,f/ ½Sif;oGm;atmif Oyrmjyygr,f/
wufa&mufvmMuwJh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ua&m? ausmif;om;rdbrsm;ua&m? owif;pmq&mrsm;ua&m
EdkifiHawmftxufwef;ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;q&mOD;a&eJY wynfhOD;a&rrQbl;vdkY ,HkMunfaew,f/ trSef
wu,f urÇmYpHcsdefeJY xdk;Munfhawmh NAdwdefEdkifiHrSm q&m (1) a,mufr,f ausmif;om; (28) a,muf½Sd
571
w,f/ tar&duefeYJ qdAk , D ufrmS q&m (1) a,muf ausmif;om; (24) a,mufuspD ½Syd gw,f/ tdref ;D csif;
tdE´d,jynfBuD;rSm ausmif;om; (32) a,muf q&m (1) a,muf½Sdygw,f/ jrefrmjynfrSm q&m (1)
a,muf ausmif;om; (26) a,muf½Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk trSefa&mufatmif EIdif;,SOfapvdkygw,f/
(3) ynma&;qdkonfrSm vlxk\oabmxm;? vlxk\,HkMunfrIrsm;rSm tjrpfwG,faeygw,f/ vlxkoabm
xm;? vlxk\,HkMunfrIudk wr[kwfjcif; pGefYvTwfap&ef cJ,Of;ovdkyJ tjrpfwG,fNyD; ynma&;pepfudk
vnf; wr[kwfjcif; tjrpfrSEkwfypf&ef cJ,Of;wwfygw,f/ Oyrmjyr,fqdk&if b0opfzefwD;rIpDrHudef;
[m wuúov kd f wvrf;oGm;pepfrS pufrv I ufrtI oufarG;0rf;aMumif; ynma&;bufoYkd vrf;vT&J efjzpfí
(Dignity of Labour) ac: pufjzifhvkyf&onhftvkyf/ ,if;rrQwrIudk ukef;atmfaeaomfvnf; ,ck
ausmif;toD;oD;rSmaeMuwJh ausmif;om;aygif; (1) oef;cGaJ usmaf usmaf &m? olwYkdrb d ? aqGrsK;d ? rdwaf qGrsm;
a&m? wuúodkvf wvrf;oGm;ynm? vcpm;ynm (0g) uRefynmudkyif ESpfoufaeMuygao;w,f/
tay:,Hay:vmwJh ynma&;pepfav;udk ref;rIwfNyD; jyKjyifvdkYr&yg/ tjrpfwG,fxm;wJh vlxk\,HkMunf
rI? oabmxm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;rS &Edkifygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHuJhodkY 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHrSmawmh tJ'Dvlxk
\,HMk unfraI wG? oabmxm;awGajymif;vJypfzYkd&m tcsed af wmh enf;enf;Mumw,f/ 'gayrJh wcgajymif;vJ
NyD;&ifawmh urÇmwnfoGm;Edkifygw,f/ 'Drdkua&pD[m 'Dvdkoabmawmh ½Sdygw,f/
ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDonf vdk&myef;wdkifodkY a&mufatmif vrf;ESpfoG,fjzifh csDwuf&ef pDpOfxm;ygw,f/
wvrf;rSm ESpfwdkpDrHudef;? tJ'DpDrHudef;eJY ,ckvuf½Sdtajctaet& ajz½Sif;ay;EdkifwJh ynma&;jyóemudk csufjcif;
ajz½Sif;ay;r,f/ wvrf;rSm ESpf½SnfpDrHudef;? tJ'DpDrHudef;rSm wjznf;jznf; a&½Snfajz½Sif;ay;rS&rnfh jyóemrsm;yg0if
r,f/ oabmrSmawmh iSufzsm;zsm;NyD; acgif;udkufaewJh vlwa,mufudk yxracgif;udkufaysmuf&ef aq;wdkuf&ovdk
acgif;uduk af ysmufaq; wdu k w f mu ESpw f pkd rD u
H ed ;f ? tzsm;jywfomG ;atmif ukojcif;u ESp½f nS pf rD u
H ed ;f jzpfw,f/ tJ'aD wmh
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrSm acgif;udkufaysmufatmif? tzsm;jywfaq;[lí ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm;cGJNyD; pOf;pm;apvdkygw,f/
ESpwf pkd rD u
H ed ;f ud?k ESp½f n
S pf rD u
H ed ;f rsm;twGuf tcsut f vufrsm;udk ½SmazGonfah e&mrSm atmufygtcsut f vuf
uav;awGudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;apvdkygw,f/
1/ vlOD;a&oef; (20) ½Sd jrefrmEdkifiHawmfrSm ,ckynma&;twGufaiG (13) uka# oHk;pGJygw,f/ EdkifiHawmftwGuf
oHk;aiGtm;vHk;\ 10.6% jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DoHk;aiG (1) uka#eJY &mcdkifEIef; (2.5) u (16) ESpftwGif; wjznf;jznf;
wufvm&ygw,f/ vlOD;a&oef; (20) ½Sd ,dk;',m;EdkifiHrSm 10.5%? vlOD;a&oef; (20) ½Sd tD*spfEdkifiHrSm 11%? vlOD;
a& (10) oef;½Sd oD[dkVfrSm 18.1% ponfoHk;ygw,f/
2/ ,ck jrefrmEdkifiHawmfrSm txufwef;ausmif;om;aygif; (3) odef;eD;eD;½Sdojzifh vlOD;a&eJYpmaomf vl (60)
wGif txufwef;ausmif;om;aygif; (1) a,muf½adS eNyD; tdref ;D csiEf ikd if jH zpfwhJ tdE, d´ rSm vl (313) a,mufrmS txufwef;
ausmif;om; (1) a,muf? oD[dkVfwGif vl (38) a,mufwGif (1) a,muf? *syefwGif vl (26) a,mufrSm (1) a,muf?
qdkAD,ufEdkifiHjynfwjynfwGif vl (36) a,mufrSm (1) a,muf? ,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;wGif vl (35) a,mufrSm (1)
a,muf½Sdwm awGU&ygw,f/ *syef? qdkAD,uf? ,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;EdkifiHrsm;rSm txufwef;ausmif;ynmrSm roifrae&
jzpfygw,f/
3/ ynm&nftqifhtwef;rSmvnf; EdkifiHjcm;ynmawmfoif ausmif;om;aygif; ,cktcsdefrSm (500) ausmfrQ
½Sd&m oufqdkifwuúodkvfrsm;rS tJ'Dausmif;om;rsm;&JU ynm&nfwdk;wufrItwGuf auseyfw,fqdkwJh tpD&ifcHpmrsm;
&½Sdxm;ygw,f/
4/ pmoifMum;&rnfh tcsdefumvtydkif;tjcm;[m ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;[m oifcef;pm
wckudk jrefjrefoif,lEdkifNyD;? tcsKdUrSmawmh aES;Muygw,f/ aemufawmhrS &Muygw,f/ 'gaMumifh (3) cguspepf/
rufx&pf atmifcsufnHhrIrsm;udk atmufyg tcsuftvufrsm;udk rSDNyD; pOf;pm;xdkufygw,f/
(u) jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ausmif;om;wa,muf[m (15) ESpfjynfh&if wuúodkvf0ifcGifh&ygw,f/ tjcm;EdkifiHrSm
tenf;qkH; (17) ESpf½SdrS &ygw,f/ NAdwdefEdkifiHrSm (18) ESpf? w½kwfEdkifiHrSmvnf; (18) ESpfjzpfygw,f/
(c) jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ausmif;om;wa,muf wuúodkvfa&mufatmif ausmif;rSm (9) ESpf pmoif&ygw,f/
tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;rSm (11) ESpf (12) ESpfausmf ae&ygw,f/ NAdwdefrSm (12) ESpf? tdE´d,jynfrSm (11) ESpf?
w½kwfjynfrSm (12) ESpf jzpfygw,f/
(*) jrefrmEdkifiHrSm aygif; (13) ESpfausmif;aeNyD;&if 'D*&D&Edkifygw,f/ tjcm;EdkifiHrSm tenf;qHk; (14) ESpf
Mumygw,f/ NAdwdefEdkifiHrSm (15) ESpf? tdE´d,jynfrSm (13) ESpf? tar&duefrSm (16) ESpfjzpfygw,f/
572
tJ'vD kd urÇmYtajctaeeJY EIid ;f ,SONf yD;rS tMuHtÓPfrsm; ay;apvdyk gw,f/ 'grSvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;&JU
taMumif;jycsuf[m ydkrdkcdkifrmawmifhwif;vmygr,f/ ynmwwfyk*d¾Kvfrsm;\ tMuHÓPfay;csufrsm;eJY
vnf; wlvmNyD; trsm;&JU½dak oav;pm;rIukd &Edik v f mygvdrrhf ,f/ ,ckjynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ausmif;
aygif;pHyk nma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;[m jrefrmEdik if yH nma&;&mZ0ifwiG f wcgrQrMuHKbl;wJh 'Dru kd a&pDpepf
BuD;\ tajccHobm0w&yfjzpfygw,f/
tJ'aD wmh ed*;kH csKyftaeeJY ajymvdw
k mu rdryd g0iftMuHÓPfay;wJt h ydik ;f rSm &mZ0ifwiG o
f mG ;atmif tjyKoabm
jzifh wnfwHhcdkifjrJwJh ynma&;pepfBuD;wck ay:aygufvmatmif rnfonfh tarSmifyh a,m*rS ruyfapbJ 'dYk ArmjynfBuD;&JU
ynma&;pepfBuD;[m ArmyDyAD rmqefqef aumif;&rnf[al om jzLpifwhJ pdwaf epdwx f m;awGeYJ tMuHaumif;ÓPfaumif;
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qdkwJh oabmwlnDrIudk &½Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&eJY ynma&;Xmeuyg tm;wufoa&m ulnDwJhtwGuf 'DaeY
'DtcsdeftcgrSm ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkifjcif; jzpfayw,f/
'Dvjkd zpfay:vm&csuu f kd avhvm&if uReaf wmfwYkd ausmif;om;awGa&m? Edik if aH wmftpd;k &uyg vuf½ydS nma&;udk
jyKjyifajymif;vJzYkdqw kd t
hJ csuu f kd oabmwlMuw,f/ 'DoabmwlncD suu f kd tajccHxm;NyD; awGUqHjk cif;aqG;aEG;jcif;jyKvkyf
cJwh t hJ wGuf ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; usif;yEdik cf w hJ ,f/ atmifjrifcw hJ ,fqw kd mxif½mS ;cJw h hJ tcsufw&yf jzpfygw,f/
575
a½SUrSmvnf; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efqdkwJh tcsufudkrlwnfNyD; 'Dvdkaqmif½GufoGm;Mu&if; uRefawmfwdkYeJYwuG

wdkif;jynfuvdkvm;wJh ynma&;pepfBuD;udk rvGJraoGa&mufEdkifvdrfhr,fqdkwm wxpfcs,HkMunfygw,f/
'Dvdkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ qdkwmrsKd;[m uRefawmfwdkY&JU &mZ0ifrSmr½SdcJhygbl;/ 'g[m yxrOD;qHk;tBudrfyJ
jzpfygw,f/ 'DE;DS aESmzvS,yf rJG mS uRefawmfwYkd &UJ tawGUtMuHKeJY Edik if w
H umavhvm&wJh A[kow k udak ygif;NyD; vuf½ydS nm
a&; tajctaeudk a0zefo;kH oyfwifjyw,f/ a0zefo;kH oyfNyD;MuwJah emuf ynma&;eJYywfoufNyD; vdt k yfaewJt h csuaf wG?
ynma&;vkyfief;pepfawGudk wifjytMuHÓPf ay;rSmyJjzpfygw,f/
'Dvw
kd ifjy tMuHÓPfay;wJph mwrf;awG[mqd&k if (1) ynma&;0g'eJYoabmxm;rsm;? (2) rlvwef;eJY rlvwef;
vGefynma&;? (3) txufwef;vGefynma&;? (4) pufrIvufrI toufarG;0rf;aMumif;rIynma&;? (5) vlrsKd;pkynm
a&;? (6) oufBuD;ynma&;ESihf vlxyk nma&;wdYk jzpfygw,f/ tjcm;pmwrf;rsm;tjzpf oifMum;rIr@dKif bmom&yfpmwrf;
eJY q&mxkwfvkyfa&; pmwrf;wdkY jzpfw,f/
'Dvdk uRefawmfwdkYausmif;om;awG[m ynma&;pepf? ynma&;pDrHudef;rsm; csrSwfrItwGuf wwfEdkifwJh tul
tnDawGay;a&;? ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifa&;twGuf wwfEdkifwJh tultnDawGay;a&;/ ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJ
Edkifa&;twGuf n§dEIdif;wdkifyif aqG;aEG;MuwmudkyJ ]EdkifiHa&;rSuif;ygp} qdkwJh oHo,MunfhMu? a&;Mur,fqdk&ifawmh
'Dyk*¾dKvfrsm;[m tifrwef tjrifusOf;NyD; ausmif;om;awGtay:rSm rvdkwrm tmCmwxm;olawGyJ jzpfw,fvdkY
uRefawmf ajymcsifygw,f/
ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYeJY ywfoufNyD; uRefawmfwdkY&JU &mZ0ifordkif;rSm 1920 ckESpfu wBudrf? ,ckwBudrf
(2) Budrf jzpfygw,f/ 1920 jynfhESpf ausmif;om;oydwfta&;awmfyHkudk avhvmr,fqdk&if EdkifiHa&;t& t*Fvdyfe,fcsJU
orm;&JU zdESdyfrIudkwGef;vSefNyD; rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwf aygufzGm;vmzdkY vIHYaqmfcJhwm½SdcJhw,f/ ynma&;t&qdk&if ]trsKd;om;
ynma&;} qdkwJha<u;aMumfoH[m ynma&;jyKjyifzdkY trsKd;om;ynma&;udk tpm;xdk;zdkY BudK;pm;cJhMuwmjzpfw,f/ trsKd;
om;ausmif;awG trsKd;om;aumvdyfawG ay:aygufcJhwm[m xif½Sm;wJh trSwftom;awGyJ jzpfygw,f/
,ckwBudrf 1958 ckEpS rf mS awmh Edik if aH wmftpd;k & ud,
k w
f ikd u
f ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwDukd zGUJ um uRefawmfwYkd
ausmif;om;awGu ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJzYkd awmif;qdNk yD; tckvakd usmif;om; ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG sK;d usi;f ywm[m
ynma&;jyKjyifEdkifa&;twGuf 'kwd,tBudrf BudK;pm;jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ 1920 ckrSm uRefynma&;pepfudk zsufodrf;NyD;
trsKd;om;ynma&;udk tpm;xdk;um jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkY BudKpm;cJhwm[m wdkif;jynftajctaeu rvGwfvyfao;wJhb0?
uRefb0rdkY ratmifjrifcJhayr,fh 'DwBudrf? 'DwcgrSmawmh uRefawmfwdkYa&m? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uyg yl;aygif;aqmif½Guf
Mur,fq&kd ifawmh atmifjrifrI rvGrJ aoG&vdrrhf ,f/ ynma&;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJEikd v f rd rhf ,fvYkd vIu
d vf u
dI v
f vJS JS ,HMk unf
vsuf½Sdygw,f/
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG usi;f yEdik af &;twGuf tultnDay;aom Edik if aH wmftpd;k &? vdt k yforQ
pdwfa&mudk,fyg wwfpGrf;EdkiforQ aqmif½GufulnDay;Muaom ynma&;XmeeJY rGefjrwfvSaom tMuHÓPfay;MuwJh
jyifyyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif; xyfavmif;í uRefawmfajymcJhygw,f/
- ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; atmifjrifygap
- ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI &½SdEdkifygap
(1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv 9 &uf? paeaeY)
xdkESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif atmufygpmwrf;rsm;wifjycJUonf/
1/ ynma&;0g'wifjycsufpmwrf;
2/ oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yfESifh ywfoufaom oabmxm; (Language Policy)
3/ ynma&;vGwv f yfciG phf mwrf; (Academic Freedom)
4/ ausmif;om;or*¾pmwrf;
5/ rlvwef;ynma&;pmwrf;
6/ rlvwef;vGefynma&;pmwrf;
7/ pufrIvufrIESifh toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynma&;pmwrf; (Teaching and Vocational Education)
8/ vlrsKd;pkynma&;pmwrf;
576
9/ oufBuD;ynma&;pmwrf;
10/ vlxkynma&;pmwrf;
11/ tvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm;jyóempmwrf;
12/ aq;odyÜHr[mXmepmwrf;
13/ tpdk;&pufrIvufrItxufwef;ausmif;pmwrf;
14/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJay:aygufvmyHkESifh tajccHoabmxm; taxGaxGtpD&ifcHpm
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wuo\wifjycsuf
(1)
1948 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufaeYwiG f jrefrmEdik if o H nf vGwv f yfaom Edik if w
H Edik if t
H jzpfoYkd a&muf½cdS ahJ yonf/
e,fcsJUorm;vufatmufrS vGwaf jrmufum vGwv f yfaom Edik if w H Edik if H jzpfvmonfEiS thf nD e,fcsJUorm;vufxufu
¤if;wdkYtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf vkyfaqmifcJhaom pD;yGm;a&;taqmuftOD? vlrIa&;? ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rItaqmuftOD
wdkYudky,fcsum jynfolvlxktusKd;twGuf vlxktusKd;jyK taqmufttHkopfudk xyfrHwnfaxmif&rnf jzpfayonf/
odkYaomf ,Ofaus;rIa&;&m tygt0ifjzpfonfh ynma&;taqmuftODudkum; vGwfvyfaomjynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiHawmfESifh udkufnDpGm jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif; r½Sdao;ay/ odkYtwGufaMumifhvnf; ,aeY ynma&;avmuwGif
tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm; ay:aygufaeNyD;vQif rvdt k yfaom tjzpftysufrsm; xGuaf y:aeonfrmS rsufjrifxif½mS ;
jzpfayonf/
þay:aygufrIrsm;udk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf tav;teufpOf;pm;cJhonf/ ynma&;tajctaeudk rsuf
ajcrjywf avhvmMunf½h cI o hJ nf/ ,aeYjzpfay:aeaom tcuftcJrsm; tusyftwnf;rsm;udk jyKjyifzmax;½Hjk zifh raysmuf
Edik af wmhbJ vuf½ydS nma&;pepfBuD;wckv;kH udk ajymif;vJvsu½f adS om jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf tajctaeESihf udu k n
f D
pGm jyKjyifa&;qGrJ o
S m ajyaysmufEikd rf nf[k awGU½Scd &hJ ayonf/ þodYk awGU½S&d onft h m;avQmfpmG vuf½ydS nma&;pepfBuD;udk
jyKjyifajymif;vJ&eftwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;um ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk usif;yay;&ef wuorS
awmif;qdkcJhayonf/
,ckuJhodkY vIHYaqmfawmif;qdkaepOf 1957 ckESpf? ZGefv (8) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUawmfcef;rBuD;ü EdkifiHawmf
0efBuD;csKyfOD;Eku EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ (4) ESppf rD u H ed ;f aMunmcsuf wGif ynma&;ESifhywfoufí atmufygtwdkif;awGU&
ayonf/
]ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yfudk a&;qGJapcsifw,f/} tJ'D ynma&;pDrHudef;[m-
1/ jynfaxmifpkeJY toifhawmfqHk;jzpfNyD; uRefawmfwdkY tajctaeeJY wu,fwrf; taumiftxnfazmfEdkifwJh
pDrHudef;jzpfapcsifw,f/
2/ ynma&;rSmpdwf0ifpm;wJh jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQ pkaygif;wdkifyifa&;qGJwJh pDrHudef; jzpfapcsifw,f/
3/ wjynfaxmifpkvHk;u vufcHEdkifwJh pDrHudef;jzpfapcsifw,f/
wzef (4) ESpfpDrHudef;ñTefMum;csufwGif-
ynma&;onf ,ckvuf½Sdynma&;pepfudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfNyD;vQif jyKjyifapcsifw,f/ tu,fí vdktyfu
wckvHk;zsufypfNyD; topfwck jyefvnfa&;qGJapcsifonf[k ñTefMum;NyD; 0efBuD;csKyfu obmywdjyKvkyfum (9) OD;
ygaom ynma&;aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ xdkaumfr½Sifudkyif aemufxyfcsJUxGifum zGJUpnf;cJhjyefonf/
þuJodkY ynma&;ESifhywfoufí jyKjyifajymif;vJoifhu ajymif;vJ&ef ynma&;aumfr½Sif zGJUvmjcif;onf
wuooabmxm;ESihf udu k n f o
D nfth m;avsmpf mG xdak umfr½Siu f kd wuoonf c&D;OD;BudKqdjk cif;jyKcJo h nf/ xdak umfr½SiEf iS hf
ywfoufí yl;aygif;ulnD&ef qHk;jzwfcJhayonf/
xdkYaemuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf 24? 11? 57 &ufaeYwGif wuocef;rü EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh
awGUqHu k m ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wifjycJah yonf/ Edik af wmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ekuvnf; wuo\
wifjycsufudk ynma&;aumfr½SifwGif tav;teuf pOf;pm;ygrnf[k jyefMum;ajymqdkcJhayonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;csuft&
ynma&;aumfr½SifwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufwifjycGifhudk &½SdcJhayonf/ wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
wifjy&mwGif ynma&;aumfr½SifrS wuo\vdkvm;csufrsm;udk jynfhpHkpGma&;om;wifjy&ef ajymMum;cJhayonf/ xdk
ajymMum;csuft& wuotrIaqmiftzGJUrS pOf;pm;um ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJESifh ywfoufí ESD;aESmzvS,f&ef tcsuf
577
rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ\yHkpHrsm;udk xyfrHía&;om; wifjyvdkufygaMumif;/
(2)
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJESifhywfoufí-
1/ ynma&;0g'csrSwfjcif;ESifh ynma&;pepfudk avhvmoHk;oyfjcif;
2/ ynma&;pDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif; [lí u@ESpf&yf ½Sdoifhonf[lí ,lqayonf/
xdo
k Ykd ,q
l onfh tm;avsmfpmG ynma&;0g'csrSwjf cif;? ynma&;pepfrsm;udk avhvmoH;k oyfjcif;ESihf ywfoufí
wuorS atmufygtwdkif; wifjyvdkayonf/
(2-u)
wdik ;f jynfwck\ ynma&;pDru H ed ;f onf wdik ;f jynf\ &nfreS ;f &myef;wdik o f Ykd csDwufa&;twGuf vH;k 0taxmuf
tul jzpfayonf/ wdkif;jynf\ pD;yGm;a&;pepf? vlaerIpepf? ,Ofaus;rIpepfwdkYESifh udkufnD&ayonf/ þodkY udkufnDrS
omvQif a&;qGJxm;aom ynma&;pDrHudef; (odkY) ynma&;pepfonf jynfoludktusKd;jyKaom pDrHudef;? wdkif;jynfu
vufcEH ikd af om pDru H ed ;f jzpfayvdrrhf nf/ xdu
k o hJ Ykdr[kwb f J wdik ;f jynf\ csw D uf&mvrf;aMumif;? wdik ;f jynf\tajctaeESihf
uif;vGwfum a&;qGJvQif xdkynma&;pDrHudef; (odkY) ynma&;pepfonf av;axmifhESifhpuf0dkif;uJhodkY cGifrusbJ tusyf
twnf;rsm; ay:aygufum ysufpD;&rnf jzpfayonf/
odkYtwGuf ynma&;pDrHudef;? ynma&;pepfwckudk a&;qGJrnfqdkvQif yxrOD;qHk; wdkif;jynf\ &nfrSef;&m
yef;wdkif? pD;yGm;a&;pepf (Economic System)? vlaerItaqmufttHkwdkYESifh udkufnDonfh ynma&;0g' (Education
Policy) udk csrSwfoifhzdkYvdkayonf/
Oyrm- w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiHwGif ¤if;wdkY jyKjyifajymif;vJypfvdkufaom pD;yGm;a&pepf? vlaerIpepfwdkYESifh
udkufnDonfh ynma&;0g'udk EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&muGefz&ifhBuD;rS csrSwfvdkufí ynma&;pDrHudef;udk xdkcsrSwfvdkufaom
0g'tay:wGif tajccHum aemufrS a&;qGJay;cJhayonf/
ynma&;0g'ESif ywfoufí 1948 ckEpS w f iG ?f Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u 1946 ckEpS wf iG f zGUJ pnf;cJah om (Educational
Policy Enquiry Committee) \ tpD&ifcHpmudk tajcjyKum ynma&;0g'[lí atmufygtwdkif; aMunmzl;\/
1/ Adoption of a centralized control and administration of Education as in interim
and experimental measure;
2/ The discernment of the system of grant in aid; and the adoption of in its stead of a
system of state schools.
3/ The introduction of a pilot project for Compulsory Primary Education.
4/ The new grading of schools.
5/ The Provision of Vocational training and technical education and
6/ The adoption of Burmese as the medium of instruction in single unifiedsystem of
schools.
xdkYaemuf 1952 ckESpfwGif jynfawmfomynma&;pDrHudef; ESifh ywfoufí a,bk,srludk atmufygtwdkif;
aMunmcJhjyefonf/
1/ To ensure a universal knowledge of the three Rs* among the citizens of the Union.
2/ To ensure the production of a sufficient number of technicians and technologists.
3/ To train and equip young man and woman so that they can adequately and efficiently
perform their various duties as citizens of the Union.
4/ To eradicate illiteracy and produce man and woman who posses the five strengths
(Bala Ngadan) and
5/ To perpetuate democracy within the Union.
txufazmfjyygtwdik ;f ynma&;rl? ynma&;0g'rsm;yif½o dS nf[k qd&k jim;aomfvnf; wdik ;f jynf\ &nfreS ;f &m
yef;wddkif? pD;yGm;a&;? vlaerIpepfwdkYay:wGif pepfwusoHk;oyfum a&;qGJvmaom 0g'r[kwfjcif;? xdkynma&;0g'
aMunmcsurf sm;onf Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf vdv
k m;ouJo
h Ykd jynfow
l &yfv;kH yg0ifa&;qGx
J m;aom 0g'r[kwo f nft
h jyif
Note- the three Rs* - Reading, W'rting, A'rithemetic.
578
wdik ;f jynf&nfreS ;f &m yef;wdik o

f Ykd csDwufa&;twGuf taxmuftuljyKrnfh pDru H ed ;f rsm;ryg½Sjd cif;? pDru
H ed ;f ESi0hf g'oabm
xm;rsm; a&maxG;aejcif;? vuf½Sdynma&;avmu tajctaersm;? jzpf&yfrsm;udk avhvmMunfh½IvQifyif xdkynma&;0g'
onf rSefuefonf[k r,lqEdkifjcif;wdkYtwGuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH\ &nfrSef;&myef;wdkif pD;yGm;a&;? vlaerIpepfwdkY
udkufnDonfh ynma&;0g'w&yfudk atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;wGif tajcjyKuma&;qGJ&ef vdktyfonf[k wifjyvdkay
onf/
1/ vuf½dS jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf\ pD;yGm;a&;vlaerIpepf (Social Economic System) udk avhvmjcif;/
2/ vuf½dS jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf\ &nfreS ;f &myef;wdik f ]qd½k ,S vf pfEikd if aH wmf} udk avhvmaqG;aEG;jcif;/
(2-c)
xduk ohJ Ykd Edik if aH wmf\ &nfreS ;f csufyef;wdik o
f Ykd csDwuf&mwGif taxmuftuljyKNyD;vQif Edik if aH wmf\ pD;yGm;a&;?
vlaerIpepfwdkYESifh udkufnDaom ynma&;0g'w&yfudk csrSwfNyD;vQif xdk0g' taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf taxmuf
tuljzpfap&ef vuf½Sdynma&;pepfudk avhvmoHk;oyfjcif;? EdkifiHjcm;ynma&;pepfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; avhvmjcif;
jyKoifhonf[k wifjyayonf/
1/ vuf½Sdynma&;pepfrS jzpfyGm;ay:aygufvmcJhaom jzpf&yfrsm;ESifh aumif;usKd;qdk;usKd;rsm;/
2/ vuf½Sdynma&;avmuBuD; wckvHk;\ tajctaersm;? ausmif;rsm;? toufarG;0rf;aMumif;rsm;? q&mrsm;
ponf EdkifiHjcm;ynma&;pepfrsm; avhvma&;ESifhywfoufí-
(1) qdk½S,fvpfEdkifiHawmf wnfaxmifqJjzpfaom EdkifiHrsm;rS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;?
(w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiH? ,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;)
(2) qdk½S,fvpfEdkifiH xlaxmifNyD;jzpfaomEdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? (qdkAD,uf½k½Sm;)
(3) pufrIvufrIzGHUNzdK;aeaomEdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? (tar&du)
(4) v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;EdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? ('def;rwf)
(5) vGwfvyfNyD;pEdkifiHrsm;rS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? (tif'dkeD;½Sm;-tdE´d,)
(2-*)
txufazmfjyyg yxrydkif;jzpfonfh ynma&;0g'csrSwfjcif;? ynma&;avhvmokH;oyfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí
rnfonfhykHpHjzifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJjyKvkyfrnfudk wuorS atmufygtwdkif; oabmxm;cJhayonf/
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (aysmuf)
csDwuf&mwGif wjynfaxmifvHk;u yg0if&ef vdkayonf/ þodkYyg0ifrSomvQif atmifjrifayonf/ odkYtwGuf ynma&;
0g'csrSwf&mwGif wjynfaxmifvHk;u yl;aygif;csrSwfEdkif&efvdk\/ wenf;qdkaomf csrSwfvdkufaom ynma&;0g'onf
wjynfaxmifvHk;u vufcH&efvdktyfrnf[k ,lqayonf/
wzefvuf½Sd ynma&;pepfBuD;udk avhvmoHk;oyfa&;rSm jynfaxmifpkwGif;½Sd jynfolw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcJhonf
jzpfí tm;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifjcif;? EdkifiHjcm;ynma&;pepfudk avhvmjcif;rSmvnf; ynma&;pepf a&;qGJ&eftwGufvnf;
aumif;? rdrw d Ykdynma&;pepfEiS hf EIid ;f ,SO&f eftwGuv f nf;aumif; jzpfonft h m;avsmpf mG jynfov
l xl w k &yfv;kH ESihf oufqikd f
ayonf/
þodYk oufqikd of nfh tm;avsmpf mG yxrydik ;f jzpfonfh ynma&;0g'csrw S jf cif;? ynma&;pepfukd avhvmoH;k oyf
jcif;ESihf ywfoufí wEdik if vH ;kH ½Sd jynfoYlu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifoifo
h nf[k ,lqayonf/ xdo k Ykd ,lqonfh tm;avsmpf mG
azmfjyyg tcsufrsm;twGuf ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif-
1/ EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (zqyv? yrnw? r[mArm? qdk½S,fvpf? tvkyform; v,form; ygwD?
wdkYArm-------ponf)
2/ vlwef;pm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (awmifolv,form;? Awvp? wvnp? tvkyform;? wD,lpDbD? bDwD,lpD
ponf/)
3/ vlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm; (ausmif;om;vli,f? ukefonfyGJpm; ponf)
4/ ,ckvuf½Sdynma&;aumfr½Sif
5/ ynma&;Xmeudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
6/ ynma&;wwfuRrf;olrsm;
579
7/ vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
yg0ifumEdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmifrIjzifh usif;yjyKvkyf oifhonf[lí wifjyvdkayonf/
(3)
Edik if aH wmf½dS toif;tzGUJ aygif;pHk ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;rS ]ynma&;0g'} w&yf csrSwNf yD;pDcv
hJ Qif xd0k g'udk
taumiftxnf azmf&eftwGuf ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf wenf;qdkaomf ynma&;pepfw&yfudk a&;qGJ&ayvdrfhrnf/
þuJhodkY a&;qGJ&mwGifum; tpdk;&ynma&;Xme udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? ynma&;wwfuRrf;olrsm; yg0ifaom ESD;aESmzvS,f
yGJBuD; w&yfrSaeí wm0ef,lum a&;qGJ&rnf jzpfayonf/ EdkifiHawmf½Sd toif;tzGJUaygif;pHk taeESifhaomfum; rdrdwdkY
tvdu k s ynma&;0g'w&yf csrw S Nf yD;pD;onfh tm;avsmpf mG yg0ifvyk af qmif&ef wm0efr½Sad wmh[k ,lqayonf/ odYktwGuf
csrSwfxm;aom ynma&;0g'? ynma&;rlESifhtnD ynma&;pDrHudef;udk a&;qGJ&mwGif atmufygtwdkif; a&;qGJ&efvdktyf
ayonf/
(1) rlvwef;ynma&;
rlvwef;ynma&;wGif u@ESpf&yf yg0ifayonf/ emp&D (ac:) uav;oli,fausmif;ESifh rlvwef;ausmif;
jzpfayonf/
rlvwef;ausmif;onf ynma&;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm ta&;tBuD;qHk; pOf;pm;&rnfh
tcsufjzpfayonf/ tajccHtkwfjrpf rcdkifrmvQif xdkynma&;pepfonf NydKuGJrnfjzpfayonf/ rlvwef;ynma&;udk
pOf;pm;&mwGif vlwdkif;ynmwwfa&;udk tajccHum roifrae&ynma&;pepfESifh xdkpepfjy|mef;cJhaomf pD;yGm;a&;t&
vkyfaqmifaeaom uav;oli,frsm; ynmoifMum;Edkif&ef pDpOfrIudkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf[k ,lqayonf/
þae&mwGif roifrae& ynma&;prf;oyfonfh (Project) tawGUtMuHKay:wGif tajccHoifhayonf/
(2) rlvwef;vGefynma&;
(5) wef;? (9) wef;rSonf wuúodkvf0iftxd yg0ifaom ynmoifMum;a&;yifjzpfonf/ þtqifhwGif
EdkifiHawmfynma&;0g'twGuf tav;xm;um pOf;pm;a&;qGJ&rnf jzpfayonf/
(3) txufwef;ynma&;
wuúodkvfESifh (Institute) rsm; tygt0if jzpfayonf/
(4) toufarG;0rf;aMumif;rIynmoifMum;a&;rsm;
rlvwef;atmifjrifNyD;í ynmqufvufroifMum;Edik af om uav;oli,frsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? rlvwef;
vGeftqifh½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? wuúodkvfodkY ynmqufvufrqnf;Edkifolrsm;twGuf vnf;
aumif;? 'D*&DbGJU& toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynm&yfrsm;twGuf vnf;aumif; pOf;pm;a&;qGJ&rnf jzpfayonf/
(5) oif½dk;oifwef;rsm;
(Curriculum) ,ckvuf½dS oif½;kd oifwef;rsm;udk aocsmusepGmppfaq;í acwfaemufusjzpfaeaom oif½;kd
oifwef;rsm;? wdk;wufaomacwfESifh rudkufnDaom oif½dk;oifwef;rsm;udk avhvmjzKwfy,fjcif;? acwfESifhnDatmif
jyKjyifjcif;? EdkifiHawmfynma&;0g'udk taumiftxnfazmfaprnfh oif½dk;oifwef;rsm; jzpfap&ef pDpOf&rnfjzpfayonf/
(6) q&mjzpfoifwef;rsm;
(u) vuf½Sdq&m? q&mrrsm;wGif a[mif;EGrf;aomt,ltqrsm; 0ifa&muf cdkatmif;vsuf½Sd&m EdkifiHawmf\
0g'? ynma&;0g'ESifhtnD jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;/
(c) q&mjzpfoifwef;ausmif;rsm; Teachership Training rsm;ta&;/
(*) q&mrsm;tcGifhta&;? vpmaiGowfrSwfjcif;rsm;udk pOf;pmaqG;aEG;&rnf jzpfayonf/
(7) ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfxkwfvkyfa&;
(8) oufBuD;ynma&;ESifU tm;vyfcGifUoifwef;rsm;ta&;
(9) okawoe½SmazGa&; wdkhjzpfonf/
txufygtcsurf sm;udk Edik if aH wmfynma&;0g'ESit hf nD a&;qG&J mwGif ynma&;Xmeud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; ynma&;
wwfuRrf;olrsm;\ wm0ef½o dS nfah vsmuf vuf½zdS UJG pnf;xm;aom ynma&;aumfr½Sif yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;tjyif jyifyrS ynma&;
vkyo f uf&ifo h rl sm;? ynma&;aumfr½Sirf sm;? aumfrwDrsm;wGif yg0ifczhJ ;l olrsm;? ynma&;uRrf;usiforl sm;udyk g xyfrjH znfh
pGufum n§dEIdif;a&;qGJ oifhonf[kí ,lqygonf/
(4)
580
odYktwGuf wuorS xyfrwH u

kd wf eG ;f vdo
k nfrmS ta&;BuD;qH;k jzpfaom (Education Policy) udk jynfaxmifpk
om; w&yfvHk; vufcHonfh ynma&;0g'jzpfEdkifa&;? ynma&;pepf jzpfEdkifa&;twGuf tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh ynma&;qdkif&m
uRrf;usifolrsm; yg0ifaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wckudk tjrefqHk;usif;y&ef wdkufwGef;vdkufygaMumif;/
trIaqmiftzGYJ
&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo)
&efukefwuúodkvf
aehpGJ- 7? 11? 57 &efukefNrdKY
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG
ay:ayguv
f myHEk iS hf tajccHoabmxm; taxGaxGtpD&ifcpH m
&Jabmfudk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkhcifAsm;-
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS þ
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ ay:aygufvmyHk? ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk rnfuJhodkY usif;yoGm;rnfudk tpD&ifcHvdkyg
onf/ txl;ojzifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ\ tajccHoabmxm;udk azmfjytpD&ifcHrnf jzpfygonf/
þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh rnfodkYay:aygufvmonfudk OD;pGmtpD&ifcHygrnf/ ESD;aESm
zvS,fyGJ obmywd\ rdefYcGef;wGif azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfojzifh þtcef;udk tusOf;rQom tpD&ifcHrnf jzpfayonf/
'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; NyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;&½SdcJhonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif ynma&;avmuü
tusyftwnf; trsKd;rsKd;awGUMuHKcJh&onf/ þodkYawGUMuHKcJh&aom tusyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz½Sif;&ef ausmif;om;xk
onf tBudrfBudrf tHk<uawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuonf/ jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;uvnf; ynma&;tusyftwnf;udk
ajz½Sif;&ef vdktyfonfudk od½SdvufcHcJhayonf/ tpdk;&onfvnf; ajz½Sif;Edkif&ef trsKd;rsKd; BudK;yrf;cJhayonf/
odkYaomf ,ckwdkif EdkifiHawmfonf ynma&;tusyftwnf;rS ½kef;xGufí r&Edkifao;ay/
udv
k ekd pD epf <uif;usef&pfaom tarGq;kd aMumifyh if þodYk tusyftwnf; awGUae&jcif; jzpfayonf/ tajccH
usus pepfwckv;kH udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ rypfEikd o f a½GU rnfoYkd yif jyKjyifzmax;onfjzpfap tusyftwnf; qufvuf
awGUaernfom jzpfayonf/
þtcsufudk ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u ydkifEdkifpGm Munfh½IEdkifcJhojzifh ynma&;a&;pepfwckvHk; jyKjyif
ajymif;vJypfNyD; ynma&;0g'opfudkcsrSwfum ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJEdkifa&;twGuf or*¾rsm;rSOD;aqmifum
wdkufyGJ0ifcJh ayonf/
þodkY wdkufyGJ0ifcJh&mwGif 1956 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS wuúodkvfynma&;
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf a<u;aMumfcJhonf/ xdkESpfwGif ausmif;om;xkqEáMumifh wuúodkvfrS (3) cgusESifh
65% ausmif;wuf&ufpepfudk pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Sif zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ pmwrf;wapmifudk xdkaumfr½SifrS xkwfjyefcJh
onf/ xdkpmwrf;tay: wuorS oabmxm;udk 31? 55? 67 aeYu xkwfjyef&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiH\ynma&;udk
zmax;Edkifa&;twGuf BuKd;yrf;½HkrQjzifh tusyftwnf;rsm;rS rvGwfajrmufEdkif/ ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf
Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;rS ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;? vlxv k wl ef;pm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rS ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;? q&mrsm;? vli,fausmif;
om;rsm;ESifh ynm½Sifrsm;tm;vHk;\ awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS OD;pD;usif;y&ef wifjycJhayonf/
þodkY wifjyNyD;aemuf 8? 6? 57 &ufaeY EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\ (4) ESpfpDrHudef;rdefYcGef;wGif ynma&;jyKjyif
ajymif;vJa&;twGuf azmfjycJah yonf/ (4) ESppf rD u H ed ;f tpdwtf ydik ;f w&yftjzpf ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwD zGUJ pnf;ay:
aygufvmcJhayonf/ þodkY ajymMum;cJhonfhrdefYcGef;ESifh zGJUpnf;cJhonfh aumfr½SifwdkYtm; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI
tvm;tvmtwGuf c&D;OD;MudKjyKcJhayonf/
BuKdq½kd rHk Qru ydrk akd tmifjrifEikd af &;twGuf tMuHÓPfrsm; ay;cJah yonf/ Edik if v H ;kH qdik &f mynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,f
yGJudk vlxkvlwef;pm;rsm;? EdkifiHa&;ygwD? ynm½Sifrsm;? q&mrsm;? vli,fausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifNyD;
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS OD;pD;usif;yjyKvkyfay;&ef 7? 11? 57 &ufaeYwGif xyfrHwifjycJhjyefonf/
581
þodYk wifjy&mwGif ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwDEiS hf tBudrBf udrf awGUqHak qG;aEG;cJ&h m ausmif;om;rsm;\ wifjy
csuftwdik ;f jynfph okH nfh Edik if aH wmf½dS jynfovl x
l w
k &yfv;kH udk ud,
k pf m;jyKEdik o
f nfh ynma&;ES;D aESm zvS,yf BJG uD;w&yf
usif;yEdkifa&;udk oabmwlnDcsuf r&½SdEdkifbJ ausmif;om;rsm; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; usif;yEdkifa&;udkom
ulnDcJhayonf/ þodkY usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf wuotm; wm0efvTJtyfcJhNyD;aemuf usif;yvQif ynma&;pHkprf;rI
aumfr½SifrS ulnD&efwdkYudk ulnDcJhayonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tm; udk,fpm;jyKEdkifonfh ESD;aESm
zvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;onfhtaejzifh ,ckausmif;om;rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;
atmifjrifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;cJh&ayonf/
,ckE;DS aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;udk &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾? rEÅav;wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾?
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? ausmufjzLOypmaum
vdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? ykodrfOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ESifh ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;
tzGJUcsKyfwdkY yl;wGJum A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJUpnf;vkyfaqmifcJhayonf/
A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD
wuorS
1/ udkpdk;odef; (obmywd) 6/ udkÓPf&if
2/ udkcifarmiftkef; (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) 7/ udkcifarmifBuD;
3/ udkodef;½Sef 8/ udkatmifomausmf
4/ udkcifatmif 9/ udkvSwif
5/ udkatmifxGef; 10/ udkav;ñGefY
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f m
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJu
G ;D
A[djk yifqifa&;aumfrwD
( 1958 - 1959 )
582
rwuorS armfvNrdKifrS
11/ udkapmvGif 16/ udkausmftkef;
12/ udkcsKd 17/ udkausmfvS
13/ udkwifa½T 18/ udkrif;axG;
14/ udkcifarmif0if; 19/ udkausmf½Sdef
15/ - 20/ rjrifhjzL?
rauG;rS ausmufjzLrS
21/ udkñGefYarmif 26/ udkbwif
22/ udkrif;ausmf 27/ udkpdk;0if;
23/ udkwifOD; 28/ udkxGm;csKd
24/ udkxGef;EG,fOD; 29/ udkbdk;wif
25/ udkcspfaiG 30/ udkpHvdIif
ykodrfrS Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS
31/ udkcifxGef; 36/ udkaZmf0if;
32/ udkñGefY0if; 37/ udkvSjrifh
33/ udkjrifhodef; 38/ udkpGefwdwf
34/ udkarmifarmifpdef 39/ udkjrifhOD;
35/ - 40/ udkndK0if;
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJOD;pD;tzGJY
1/ udkpdk;odef; (obmywd) 7/ udkñGeYfarmif
2/ udkapmvGif ('k-obmywd) 8/ udkrif;ausmf
3/ udkcifarmiftkef; (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) 9/ -
4/ udkwifa½T (wGJbuf-axGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) 10/ -
5/ udkausmfvS 11/ udkcifxGef;
6/ udkrif;axG; 12/ -
OD;pD;tzGJUudk azmfjyygtwdkif; wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfor*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;uspD yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;

ayonf/ þodYk ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;atmifjrifa&;twGuf jyifqifBudK;yrf;Mu&mwGif 0rf;omtm;&pGmESihf tm;ay;BudKqdak om
jynfot l aygif;wdYk \ axmufct H m;ay;rIukd &½Scd MhJ uaomfvnf; wbufwiG v f nf; rrSeuf efaomoabmrsm;ESihf Munf½h rI I
rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ESrd chf sMunf½h t I xifao;rIrsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif; taESmift h ,Sut f zsuf
tqD;rsm; &ifqdkifcJhMu&ayonf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap ,aeYEdkifiHESifht0Srf; a'otoD;oD; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkY pka0;a&muf½Sd
aeMuayNyD/ Edik if aH wmf\ ynma&;0g'opf csrSwEf ikd af &;ESihf ynma&;pDru
H ed ;f w&yf a&;qGEJ ikd af &;twGuf pkaygif;aqG;aEG;
ESD;aESmzvS,f wdkifyifMuawmhrnf jzpfayonf/
&Jabmfudk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkh-
rnfoYkdE;DS aESmMurnfenf;/ ES;D aESmNyD;aemuf Edik if aH wmftwGuf aumif;rGeaf om tMuHÓPfrsm;udk rnfoYkdpak ygif;
Murnfenf;/ þonfwdkYum; ta&;BuD;aom pepfuspGmpOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufBuD;rsm; jzpfayonf/ þtcsufrsm;
½Sif;vif;aqmif½GufEdkifa&;twGuf ,aeY&JabmfwdkY pkaygif;ESD;aESmMurnfh oabmtajccHrsm;udk wifjyvdkygonf/
OD;pGmyxr ES;D aESmzvS,yf \
JG qdv k ckd suEf iS t
hf jccHukd ½Si;f vdyk gonf/ ES;D aESmzvS,yf q
JG o
kd nfrmS &JabmfwYkdMuHKawGU
aeus tpnf;ta0;rsm;? nDvmcHrsm;uJhodkY r[kwfay/ pkaygif;awGUqHkum qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
awmif;qdk&ef pnf;a0;awGUqHk nDvmcHoabmrsKd; r[kwf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrSm pkaygif;awGUqHkum tajctaew&yf?
583
jyóemw&yfudk tawGUtMuHKtoD;oD;ESifh,SOfí ESD;aESmzvS,fMuNyD;aemuf xdktajctae odkYr[kwf jyóem&yfrsm;udk

ajz½Sif;&efn§dEIdif; tajz½SmMujcif;jzpfonf/
þodkYESD;aESmzvS,f&mwGif tajctaersm;udk ay:vGifEdkifatmif aqG;aEG;&mwGif tajctaerSef &½SdapEdkif&ef
twGuf pmwrf;rsm;udk zwfMum;um xdkpmwrf;rsm;tay: tajcjyKaqG;aEG;Muayonf/ wifjyaom pmwrf;rsm;onf
aqG;aEG;twnfjyK&rnfh pmwrf;rsm;r[kwf? tpD&ifcHpm oabmrsKd;r[kwf/ aqG;aEG;&mwGif tajccHoabmjzpfap&ef
wifjyonfh pmwrf;rsm;jzpfayonf/
pmwrf;rsm;tay:wGif tajccHum jynf0h pGmaqG;aEG;NyD;aemuf axmufc&H nfñeT ;f csufrsm;? tMuHay;csufrsm;udk
pkaygif;xkw, f l &ayonf/ axmufc&H nfñeT ;f csurf sm;? tMuHay;csurf sm;udk pkaygif;xkw,
f o
l nft
h cef;wGif jynfph pkH mG yg½Sd
Edkifa&;udk t"du*½kjyK&ayonf/
þodkY ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ tajccHoabmxm;rsm;udk wifjyNyD;aemuf &JabmfwdkYtm; ,aeYusif;yrnfh ynma&;
ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;onf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if \
H ynma&;twGuf rnfonft h cef;u@rS rnfoYkd aqmif½u
G o
f mG ;&rnf
udk wifjyvdkygonf/
&Jabmfw-hkd
,aeY Edik if aH wmfynma&;twGuf vdt k yfcsurf mS wdusaomtajctaeESihf udu k nf aD om ynma&;0g'opfw&yf
csrSwfEdkifa&;ESifh xdkcsrSwfaom ynma&;0g'tay:wGif tajccHí EdkifiHawmf\vdktyfcsuf tvHk;pHkudk jznfhpGrf;Edkifaom
ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJEdkifa&;jzpfonf/
þynma&;0g'opfw&yf csrSwfEdkifa&;ESifh ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJEdkifa&;wdkYtwGuf þESD;aESmzvS,f
yGJBuD;rS xrf;aqmifMudK;yrf; ay;Mu&rnf/ ynma&;0g'opfw&yf csrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf\ ,cifESifh ,ck
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh ynma&;tajctaersm;udk wdusydkifEdkifpGm oHk;oyfNyD;aemuf EdkifiHawmf\ ,ckvuf½Sd tajctae?
EdkifiHawmf\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;ESifh tudkufnDqHk; ynma&;0g'opfw&yfudk csrSwfEdkif&ef vdktyfayonf/
xdkodkYcsrSwfaom ynma&;0g' tay:wGif tajccHí ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJ&mrSm ynma&;yg&*lrsm;\
wm0efomjzpfayonf/ ynma&;yg&*lrsm; a&;qGJrnfh ynma&;pDrHudef;twGuf þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS tydkif;vdkuf?
u@vdkuf ydkif;jcm;um csrSwfxm;aom 0g'ay:wGiftajccHí tMuHÓPfrsm;ay;tyf&ef vdktyfayonf/ tMuHÓPfay;
csufrsm;rSmvnf; tao;pdwí f ausmif;wausmif;? NrdKUwNrdKU? a'owcktwGuf pdppfay;tyfcsufrsm; r[kwb f J ynma&;
pDrHudef;\ tpdwftydkif;? u@rsm;twGuf ay;tyfonfhu@rsm; jzpfayonf/
þtajccHoabmxm;rsm;ESihf ES;D aESmzvS,yf w JG iG f ta&;BuD;onfw h m0efrsm; xrf;aqmifEikd af &;twGuf ta&;
BuD;ayonf/ þES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG sKd;rSm Edik if aH wmf\&mZ0ifwiG f yxrqH;k tBudru f sif;yonfh ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; jzpfonfh
tjyif ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG tawGUtMuHKtvGeef nf;um nDvmcHrsm;? uGe*f &ufrsm;\ tawGUtMuHKrsm;ESihf a&maxG;oGm;rnfukd
txl;*½kjyK&rnf jzpfayonf/
xdkYjyif ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;twGif; aqG;aEG;Muaom aqG;aEG;csufrsm; tm;vHk;onf ynma&;twGuf tajccH
&nf½G,fum aqG;aEG;&rnf jzpfayonf/ &JabmfwdkY\ rwluGJjym;jcm;em;onfh ,kHMunfcsuf? ,lqcH,lcsufrsm; tm;vkH;
z,f½mS ;um Edik if aH wmf\vdt k yfcsurf sm; jznfph rG ;f Edik af &;ESihf &nfreS ;f csurf sm; xajrmufatmifjrifEikd af &;wdYk twGuf OD;wnf
aqG;aEG;&rnf jzpfayonf/
þodkY ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJtajccHrsm;udk ydkifEdkifpGm oabmaygufqkyfudkifrdum BudK;yrf;Mu&rnf jzpfNyD;vQif þ
ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;onf Edik if aH wmf\ tajctaevdt k yfcsufrsm;udk jznfph rG ;f Edik o
f nfh ynma&;0g'opfw&yf csrSwEf ikd Nf yD;
vQif xd0k g'ay:wGif tajccHía&;qGrJ nfh ynma&;pDru H ed ;f twGuf tvGet f a&;wBuD;vdt k yfrnfh tMuHÓPfay;csufrsm;
ay:xGufvmrnfjzpfayonf/
- ynma&;0g'opfcsrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;Mu
- ynma&;pDrHudef;opftwGuf tMuHÓ Pfay;csufrsm; xGufay:vma&;twGuf BudK;yrf;Mu
1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (9) &uf (paeaeh) (wuotaqmuftOD? &efukefwuúokdvf)
584
ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifUpmwrf;
( aumfr½Sif )
Mo*kwfv (11) &uf bGJYESif;obifcef;r (&efukefwuúodkvf)
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;wGif ynma&;vGwv
f yfciG Ehf iS hf ywfoufí tajctae pmwrf;wck
wifjyaqG;aEG;&ef vdktyfayonf/
(1) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhoabmxm;
(2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifh ydwfyifrIaMumifh jzpfay:vmaomtEÅ&m,f
(3) aqmif½Gufxdkufonfh axmufcH&nfñTef;csuf (Recommendation) ponfh (3) ydkif;udk jyifqifa&;
aumfrwDrS wifoGif;vdkayonf/
(1) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGiUfoabmxm;-
ynma&;\&nfrSef;csuf (0g) OD;wnfcsufonf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; rdrdwdkY\oabmtavsmuf
rdrdBudKufESpfouf&m rdrdwdkYoefpGrf;&mwdkYudk avhvmoif,lcGifh? A[kokwwdk;yGm;EdkifcGifh &½Sdjcif;jzifh vlrItaqmufttHk\
vdktyfcsufrsm;? ,if;\tusKd;twGuf jynfoljynfom;aumif; wa,mufyDyD OD;vnfrokef xrf;½GufEdkif&ef zefwD;ay;
Edik af om &nfreS ;f csufjzpf&ayrnf/ ¤if;jyif ynma&;\&nfreS ;f csufonf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; rdrw d Ykd \ trsKd;om;
,Ofaus;rIudk av;pm;aponfhtjyif tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rIudkvnf; em;vnfav;pm;apjcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkYtm;
trsKd;om;vGwv f yfa&;? 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;? Nidr;f csrf;a&;? tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;\ jynforl sm;udk em;vnfav;pm;rI
½Sdapjcif;udk zefwD;Edkifrnfh ynma&;&nfrSef;csuf jzpf&ayrnf/
¤if;&nfrSef;csuf (0g) ynma&; &nf½G,fcsufrsm;\ tESpfom&toGifonf vlom;wdkY\ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
tywfwukwf BudK;pm;&if;rS ay;pGr;f Edik af om 0dZmÆ ynm&yfrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? tjyKoabmjzifh
wd;k wufxeG ;f um;atmif aqmif½u G jf cif;jzifh vnf;aumif; ay:vGix f if½mS ;ap\/ qdv k o kd nfrmS ynma&;onf wckwnf;
aom vlrItaqmufttHk\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhpGrf;Edkifaponfh oabm½Sd&rnf/ ynma&;ydkif;jcm;csufudk (Oyrm)
pufryI nm? pmayynm oif,&l rnfyh nm (Obligatory) ESihf oifvu kd oifEikd af omynm (Non-obligatory Training)
ponfh tqufqufukd pkaygif;pyfvsOf; avhvm&onf/ þavhvmjcif;jzifh ynma&;\ tESpfom&toGifudk aqmifap
onf/ ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm ynma&;udk rdrd\trsKd;om;bmom pum;jzifh t"duxm; oif,l&rnf/ odkY&mwGif
EdkifiHjcm;bmompum;udkvnf; txl;tm;ay;xdkufayonf/
txufyg&nfreS ;f csuEf iS hf tESpo f m&toGiu f akd qmifaom ynma&;onf 'Dru kd a&pDtoGiaf qmifonfh (Demo-
cratic Education) jzpfayonf/ þ&nfrSef;csuf tESpfom&udk taumiftxnfazmfaom ynma&;vkyfief;wGif-
- rlvwef;ESifh rlvwef;vGefynma&; oifMum;cGifh
- EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? bmoma&; rcGJjcm;bJ vlwdkif;vGwfvyfpGm tcvGwf ynmoif,lcGifh
- tpdk;&rS wuúodkvfynm&yfudk vlwdkif; wufa&mufoifMum;Edkif&ef tcvGwfynma&; aqmif½Gufjcif;?
axmufyHhaMu; vHkavmufpGmay;a&;? ausmif;aqmif ae&mxdkifcif; vHkavmufí oufomacsmifcsda&;
- þausmif;om;taqmufttHkyHkpHudk pepfwusjyifjcif;jzifh vlrItaqmufttHkwGif ausmif;om;rsm; rdrd
wdkYyg0ifonfh tcef;u@wdkif;ü vG,fvifhwul 0ifa&mufxrf;aqmifjcif; ponfhvkyf&yfrsm; (0g) vkyfief;
rsm;udk OD;aqmifaponf/
odkYvQif txufyg &nfrSef;csuftESpfom&ESifh vkyf&yfyHkpHwdkYjzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom ynma&;udk csKyfudkif
onfh oabmonf ynma&;vGwv f yfciG u hf kd ay;pGr;f Edik o f nfo h abm ouf0ifvmonf/ þ'Dru kd a&pDusaom ynma&;ü
ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhonf þodkY½Sd&rnf/
(u) ausmif;\vkyfief;wGif vGwfvyfcGifh? vkyfudkifaqmif½GufEdkifcGifh oabm½Sd&rnf/ þuJhodkY vkyfudkif&mü
ausmif;om;? rdb? q&m oH;k yGiq hf ikd cf sdecf iG o
f zG,f (Balanced Participation) yl;wGaJ qmif½u G &f rnf/
(c) ausmif;\wdk;wuf&mwdk;wuffaMumif; vkyfief;rSeforQ vkyf&mwGif raESmifh,Sufonfhjyif rdrdwdkY\ rlrrSef
aom oabmw&yfudk ausmif;xJwGif roGwfoGif;ap&ef aqmif½Guf&rnf/
(*) pD;yGm;a&;ESihf Oya'vGwv f yfciG hf tmrcHcsuf ½S&d rnf/ wcsed w f nf;wGif avmu"gwfoyd EHÜ iS hf ,Ofaus;rIynm
wdk;wuf&m wdk;wufaMumif; avhvmvdkufpm;cGifh ½Sdap&rnf/
585
(C) ynmoifMum;pepf acwfrD&rnf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh vlYavmu tquftpyf½Sd&rnf/

trsKd;bmomtoGiaf qmifí 0dZmÆ enf;usaom ausmif;oH;k pmtkyrf sm; jy|mef;&rnf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm;
wuúodkvfESifh txufwef;ausmif; tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif yg0ifcGifh½Sd&rnf/ wuúodkvfodkY ay;tyfxm;onfh
tcGifhta&;udk ½dkaoMu&rnf/
(i) ynma&;\qefYusifbufjzpfaom ppfom;pkaqmif;jcif;udk r½Sdap&/
(p) trsKd;orD;wdkif; trsKd;om;ESifh wef;wlynmoifMum;cGifh ½Sd&rnf/
(q) q&mrsm;cefYxm;&mü ynmt&nftcsif;jzifh jzpf&rnf/ Edik if aH &;cGjJ cm;rI ryg0if&/ ¤if;jyif q&mrsm;onf
rdrdwdkY BudKufESpfouf&m EdkifiHa&;0g'udk avhvmydkifcGifh ½Sd&rnf/
(Z) atmifjrifNyD;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdwdkYt&nftcsif;t& tvkyfvkyfydkifcGifh ½Sd&rnf/
(2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifUydwfyifrIaMumifU jzpfay:vmwwfaomtEå&m,f

ynma&;tcGifhta&; aESmifh,Suf&mü tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;ESifh jynfywdkif;wyg;rS 0ifa&mufzsufqD;jcif;udk
cH&wwfonf/ Oyrmjy&vQif tar&duefEdkifiHwGif ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhydwfyifrIudk rsm;pGmawGU½Sd&ayonf/ Oyrm-
vljzL-vlrJcGJjcm;oifMum;jcif;? vljzLausmif; vlrJrwufa&mufEdkif? wufa&mufvQif 0dkif;0ef;owfjzwfcH&onftxd
Oyrm- (Little Rock Affair in Sept 1957) ynmwwfygarmu©rsm;pGmudk zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif ausmif;xkwfjcif;rsm;?
ppfaq;jcif;rsm;? Oyrm- (Loyalty Oath, Un-American Act) ponfjzifh tEkjrLygarmu©BuD; Oppenheimer
uJo h Ykdaom vly*k Kd¾ vfrsm; w&m;pGcJ &H onf/ tvkyx f w k cf &H onf/ pmtkyjf y|mef;&mü tenf;i,fw;kd wufaom toGit f jyif
aqmifonfh pmtkyfrsm;udkydwfyifonf/ Oyrm- Mark Twain a&;om;aompmtkyfrsm; (A Connecticut Yankee
in Kings Author Court) ponfrsm; jzpfayonf/ ¤if;aemuf ppfom;pkaqmif;jcif;? tEkjrL-[du k Nf 'dK*siAf ;kH wdr;f a½Smif
enf; ppfynm&yftaxGaxGukd ausmif;rsm;üoifMum;jcif;? rdrw d Ykd tvdu k s ygarmu©rsm;cefYí azmifa';½Si;f trsKd;rsKd;emrnf
jzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom ausmif;rsm;/ Oyrm- Morgan, Rockefeller career, and Ford ponhf taxmuf
tyHw h nfausmif;rsm; urÇmYtESYt H jym;wnfaqmufí 0g'oGwo f iG ;f jcif; ponfh ynmvGwv f yfciG u hf kd ydwyf ifzsuq f ;D onfh
oabm oufa&mufojzifh wdkif;jynf\ynma&;udk tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaponf/
,aeYjrefrmjynf ynma&;avmuwGif ynma&;vGwv f yfciG ½hf ydS g\avm[laom awG;ac:csufonf ay:ayguf
vmonf/ þawG;ac:csufudk ajzqdk&vQif ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhonf r½Sdao;[k qdkvdkonf/ ydkrdkxif½Sm;vdkayonfrSm
,ckavmavmq,f awGU½Sdae&aom jyóemESifh ,cifMuHKawGUcJh&aom jyóemrsm;udk OD;cdkufwifjy vdkayonf/
ausmif;oHk;pmtkyf jy|mef;&mü trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;Edkifonfh zGHUNzdK;Edkifonfh jynfoltcsif;csif;
&if;ES;D cspfMunfa&;udk zefw;D Edik of nfh pmtkyrf sm;udk jy|mef;onfxuf tcsif;csif; pdw0f rf;uGaJ paom ,Ofaus;rIacgif;yg;
aom ppfom;pkaqmif;onfh oabmyg0ifaom tpd;k &\ rlrrSeaf om t,ltqwdYk ukd oGwo f iG ;f apaom npfnrf;onfh
toHk;tEIH;rsm; yg0ifaom pmtkyfrsm;udk ,ckxufwdkif tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;rS wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;txd jy|mef;
oifMum;vsufyif ½Sdaeao;onf/
Oyrm- tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek a&;om;xm;aom vlxkatmfoHjyZmwfuJhodkY pmtkyf?
wyfxJu jrwfudkudk ponfwdkY jzpfonf/
wuúodkvfrsm;wGifvnf; Oypmwef;wGif OD;Eka&;om;xm;aom ]jynfaxmifpyk ef;wdik }f uJhodkYaom 0g'oabm
oGwo f iG ;f onfh pmtkyrf sm;jy|mef;jcif;/ qdv
k okd nfrmS wdik ;f jynftaMumif; odapvdv k Qif txufygpmtkyf jy|mef;&efrvd/k
wdkif;jynf\ tkyfcsKyfyHk? zGJUpnf;yHkpmtkyfrsKd;? tajccHOya'uJhodkYaom pmtkyfrsKd; avhvmaponfum; rlrSefayOD;rnf/
,ckum; þuJhodkYr[kwfbJ rdrdwdkYBuKdufESpfouf&m 0g'vrf;pOfudk twif;oGwfoGif;rnfh yHkpHkrsKd;jzpfvmí vGwfvyfpGm
avhvmvdkufpm;cGifh ydwfyifjcif;w&yfyif/ ¤if;aemuf wuúodkvfodkY EdkifiHjcm;tultnDjzifh oifMum;ydkYcsay;aeaom
tjynfjynfqdkif&m qufoG,fa&; (International Relation) wGif ¤if;oifMum;aom tar&duefq&mrsm;u rdrdwdkY
tar&duef0g'udkom OD;pm;ay;onf/ wzufowfusaom pmtkyfrsm;jy|mef;jcif;? oifMum;ay;jcif;? Oyrm- Perkins
a&; International Relations ponfESifh vlrIqufqHaA' (Sociology) wGifvnf; wzufowfusaom pmayrsm;
ydkYcsaejcif;wdkYonf ynma&;vGwfvyfrItEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfayonf/
ausmif;q&mrsm; cefYxm;&müvnf; ygwDtvdkuscefYxm;jcif;aMumifhvnf; t&nftcsif;r½Sdaom q&mrsm;
aygrsm;apjcif;/ t&nftcsi;f jynf0h aom q&mrsm;\tcGit hf a&; ydwyf ifc&H jcif;/ Edik if aH &;0g't& qefYusio f nfxif&ol
rsm;tm; tvkyfrcefYjcif;? jzKwfjcif;/ (Oyrm-OD;wifa½T (ac:) &Jabmfcsrf;at;tm; abm*aA' vufaxmufuxdurS
586
jzKwyf pfjcif;) q&mrsm;cefYtyf&mü ygwDtvdkusqdk&mwGif ,aeYvufawGUvkyfae&mü tv,fwef;? txufwef;ausmif;

rsm;wGif q&mrsm;cefYxm;&mü oufqdkif&m zqyv axmufcHcsufyg½SdrS cefYxm;jcif;onf txift½Sm;jzpfayonf/
¤if;tjyif wuúodkvfüvnf; q&mrsm;cefYxm;&mü wuúodkvfu vGwfvyfpGmaqmif½GufcGifh r&EdkifbJ tjyifEdkifiHa&;
avmurS tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;? 0efBuD;rsm;onf 0ifa&mufjc,fvS,fMuonfrSm txift½Sm;yif? txl;ojzifh &efukef
wuúodkvfwGif þudpö rMumcPawGUae&ojzifh wuúodkvfaumifpDonf Mum;raumif;avmufatmif owif;xGufcJh&
onfum; om"ujzpfayonf/
ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhwGif tusKH;0ifaom ausmif;om;rsm; rdrdwdkY\ynma&;tcGifhta&; wdkufyGJwGif tmPm
ydik rf sm; 0ifa&mufaESmif, h u S jf cif;? Oyrm- 1953 ck? atmufwb kd mv ausmif;wvydwaf &;vIy½f mS ;rIwiG f ausmif;om;rsm;
vGwv f yfpmG pnf;½H;k cGihf qE´jycGirhf sm;udk rw&m;ydwyf ifjcif;? zrf;qD;jcif;ESihf ausmif;xkwyf pfjcif;onf ynma&;vGwv f yf
cGifhudk zsufqD;aESmifh,Sufaom aMumufrufzG,ftEÅ&m,fBuD; jzpfayonf/
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f ta&;BuD;qk;H aom ynma&;vGwv f yfciG hf zsufq;D jcif;wckrmS or*¾rsm;udk rw&m;zsuford ;f ypf
vdu k jf cif;jzpfonf/ þuJo h Ykdaom tjyKtrlonf vlYtcGit hf a&;vGwv f yfciG hf txl;ojzifh ynma&;avmuwGif vGyv f yfpmG
zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcGifhudk ydwfyifonfhtjyKtrl jzpfayonf/
ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh ywfoufí ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ynma&;avmuwGif emrnfxif½Sm;aom yk*¾dKvf
ausmfrsm;? ynm½SifBuD;rsm;u tus,fw0ifhrdefYMum;Muonf/ Oyrm- t*Fvdyfynm½SifBuD; bmx&ef&yfq,fu ]ynm
a&;avmuwGif ausmif;om;a&m q&myg vGwv f yfpmG awG;ac:ciG ?Uf aqmif½u G cf iG ?Uf oifMum;cGiaUf y;&rnf} [k qdkxm;onf/
ynma&;avmuwGif twm;tqD;jzpfaprnfh taESmifht,SuftrsKd;rsKd;? ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk ydwfyif onfh
csKyfcs,fjcif;? vGwfvyfpGmawG;ac:cGifh ydwfyifjcif;? q&mrsm;vkyfief;wGif 0ifa&mufaESmifh,Sufjcif;? ausmif;om;rsm;
\ ynma&;avmuwGif 0ifa&mufjc,fv, S jf cif;? ynma&;rsufEmS vdu k rf I jyKvkyjf cif;? ynma&;avmuwGif ppfpakH xmuf
ygwD0ifpakH xmufciG hf ponfh tmPmydik t f pd;k &wdYk \ Ncdr;f ajcmufonfh toGiaf qmifonfh trIxrf;rsm; oGwo f iG ;f jcif;wdYk ukd
jyKvkyfaejcif;wdkYonf ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifh (0g) ynma&;avmu\ 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk vHk;0zsufqD;ydwfyifjcif; jzpfay
onf/
(3) txufyg ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhoabmxm;

tajctaersm; axmuf½aI vhvmí þES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;rS ynma&;vGwv f yfciG u
hf kd xde;f odr;f umuG,Ef ikd af om
atmufygvkyf&yfrsm;udk vkyfxdkufaMumif; &nfñTef;vdkonf/
(u) 'Drdkua&pDusaom ynma&;pepfjyKjyifjcif;?
(c) wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;wGif ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;ü oD;jcm;udk,fydkifjy|mef; aqmif½GufEdkifcGifh½Sdjcif;?
(*) wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;wGif csKyfcs,fxm;aom Oya'rsm;ESifh pnf;urf; (Unilateral Discipline)
rsm;udk ½kyfodrf;jcif;?
(C) ausmif;q&mrsm;udk EdkifiHa&;t&r[kwfbJ t&nftcsif;tvdkuf cefYxm;jcif;?
(i) q&m? ausmif;om; yl;wGJumuG,foifhjcif;?
(p) ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; zGJUpnf;cGifhay;vsuf ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif yl;wGJwm0ef,lEdkifjcif;jzifh ynma&;
vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdef;odrf;Edkifjcif;?
-ponfwdkYudk t"duoabmt& aqmif½GufoifhaMumif; þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuDrS wifjytyfygonf/
þuJhodkY rdefYcGef;ajymMum;jcif;? pmwrf;rsm; wifjyjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ ynma&;0g'ESifh ynma&;&nfrSef;

csufyef;wdkifrSm 'Drdkua&pDynma&; (Democratic Education) jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf r[mAsL[mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf
vnf; wuojzpfysufcJhaom tawGUMuHKt& vuf½SdEdkifiHi,ftqifhwGif enf;AsL[mtaejzifh ausmif;omb0 om,m
ajzmifjh zL;a&;? oifMum;rItajctae wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf &; (Better Condition of Life and Study) om jzpf&rnf/
urÇmhausmif;om;or*¾ (I.U.S) uvnf; uRefawmfwdkY EdkifiHrsm;twGuf þtwdkif;yif oabmxm;ygonf/
wuo? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? wyfO;D rS ausmif;om;rsm;yl;aygif;í ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG wdik rf u
D wifjyrnfh pmwrf;
toD;oD;twGuf wm0efc, JG í
l tcsuftvufpak qmif;jcif;? pmwrf;a&;jcif;rsm;udk rem;raevkyu f ikd Mf u&onf/ wdik yf if
oifholrsm;udk wdkifyif? tMuHÓPf&,loifhonfrsm;udk ,lcJhMuonf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk urÇmat;
ukef;ajr½Sd taqmiftoD;oD;wGif pepfwus ae&mcsxm;&onf/ tkyfpkcGJ tm;NydKifpnf;½Hk;rIrsm; ½SdcJhygonf/ &efukef
587
wuúov kd vf rl sKd;pktoif;tzGUJ aygif;pHEk iS hf em;vnfr&I ½Sad tmif aqmif½uG &f jcif;? A[djk yifqifa&;aumfrwDrS udck sKd (rEÅav;
wuúodkvf) ESifhtcsKdU EkwfxGufoGm;onfrSvGJí usefESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk 13? 8? 58 &uf? eHeufykdif;wGif wuo
Ouú| udkpdk;odef; acgif;aqmifonfh wyfOD;tkyfpku atmifjrifpGm usif;yNyD;pD;cJhonf/
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;ESifh apwemrSefESifh ½dk;om;pGm&yfwnfjcif;udk odem;vnfonfESifhtrQ 0efBuD;csKyf
onf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ wufa&mufolrsm;udk npmjzifh {nfhcHonf/ azsmfajza&; tpDtpOfrsm;ygonf/ yxrwGif rlt&
vufcjH cif;rjyKcJah om txuausmif;om;or*¾rS ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf c&D;p&dwx f wk af y;&ef 0efBuD;csKyfu oabm
wlcJhygonf/ qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH ynma&;okawoet&m½Sd OD;bjrifhtm; xdkwm0efudk aqmif½Guf&ef 0efBuD;csKyf
u ausmif;om;rsm;a½SUüyif EIwfrdefYay;cJhavonf/
þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJaMumifh tpdk;&\odu©mrsm;pGm wufoGm;onf/ tpdk;&ESifhausmif;om;Mum; tjrJwrf;uP³
aump jzpfaerIrsm;udk ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;ESifh tpdk;&yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifEdkifjcif;? em;vnfrI½Sdvmjcif; jzpfonf/
þES;D aESmzvS,yf JG tusKd;qufrmS yDuif;NrdKUawmfwiG f usif;yrnfh urÇmah usmif;om;or*¾ (I.U.S) nDvmcHoYkd Auorsm;
tzGJUcsKyf? wuoESifh usefaumvdyfwuúodkvf or*¾udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufcGifh&&ef vrf;yGifhoGm;jcif; jzpfayonf/
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG S
xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf
1/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;½Sd wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkrS OD;pD;usif;yum jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;
qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJudk 1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (9) &ufaeYrS (13) &ufaeYtxd &efukef
wuúodkvf bGJUESif;obifcef;raqmifü usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyftoif;tzGJUrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f
aygif; (215) a,muf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&wef;jrifhausmif;rS udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (441) a,muf? NrdKUe,fausmif;om;rsm;
or*¾rS udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (110) a,mufESifh pufrIvufrIESifh pdkufysKd;a&;ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (11)
a,muf wufa&mufí pkpkaygif; udk,fpm;vS,f (789) a,muf wufa&mufMuonf/
2/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDrS a&;qGJum-
1/ ynma&;0g'wifjycsufpmwrf;
2/ oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yfESifh ywfoufí oabmxm;wifjycsuf
3/ rlvwef;? rlvwef;vGefynma&;ESifh tvGwfynmoifausmif;pmwrf;
4/ twef;vGefynma&;pmwrf;
5/ pufrIvufrItoufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynma&;pmwrf;
6/ vlrsKd;pkynma&;pmwrf;
7/ ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh or*¾zGJUpnf;cGifhpmwrf;
8/ vlxkynma&;ESifh oufBuD;ynma&;pmwrf;[lí pmwrf;aygif; (13) ck a&;om;wifjycJhonf/ aumfr½Sif
(8) pkcGJum aqG;aEG;cJhonf/
3/ ynma&;0g'wifjycsufpmwrf;udk 1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (10) &ufaeYwGif wufa&mufvmaom udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;tm; tpk (5) pkcGJum aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif wufa&mufvmaom udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;
pdwtf m;xufoefpmG yg0ifaqG;aEG;Muonf/ ynma&;0g' wifjycsupf mwrf;udk wufa&muf aqG;aEG;olrsm;u oabmwl
nDí vIdufvSJpGmvufcHMuygonf/ pmwrf;a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ ynma&;0g'ESifh ynma&;
vkyfief;rsm;udk oHk;oyfa0zef&mwGif ydkrdkjynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm a0zef&efoifhaMumif;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;Muonf/ þwifjy
aqG;aEG;csufuv kd nf; jyifqifa&;A[dak umfrwDrS wifjycsufjzpfaom ynma&;0g' (8) &yfEiS yhf wfoufí wufa&mufol
rsm;u ,ckxufydkNyD; tcsuftvufjynfhpHkpGm a&;oifhaMumif; tMuHay;&m A[dkaumfrwDrS vufcHoabmwlnDaMumif;?
wufa&mufol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS tcsKdUolrsm;u e,fcsJUya'o&mZfqefYusifa&; [laomtcsufudk tcsufw&yft
jzpfEiS hf vnf;aumif;? 'Dru kd a&pDynma&;0g'udk tcsuw f csut f jzpf vnf;aumif;? (cultural autonomy) ,Ofaus;rI
vGwfvyfcGifh[laomtcsufudk vnf;aumif;? pm&dwår@dKifjr§ifhwifa&;? vlwdkif;usef;rma&;twGuf upm;ckefpm;tm;
ay;a&;[laomtcsufukd vnf;aumif;? Ak'b ¨ momrl Ak'y¨ nma&;jzpf&rnf [laomtcsufrsm;udk vnf;aumif; jznhpf u G f
csrSwfoifhaMumif; wifjyaqG;aEG;Muonf/ xdktcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDESifh oabmxm;jcif;
wlnrD rl ½Syd g/ rwlnrD o I nfh taMumif;jycsuu f rkd u
l m; aumfr½Sitf oD;oD; wifjyaqG;aEG;csuuf kd tpD&ifcaH om oD;jcm;pm
588
wrf;rsm;wGif yg½SdNyD; jzpfygaMumif;/

4/ oifMum;rIr@dkKifbmom&yfESifh ywfoufaom oabmxm;wifjycsufpmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 rS 12? 8? 58
&ufaeYwGif &efukefwuúodkvf? *syfqifcef;rü udkcifarmiftkef; (wuo) twGif;a&;rSL; obmywdjyKvkyfí tcsuf
tvuf ½SmazGpak qmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udak tmifxeG ;f u wifjyoltjzpfaqmif½u G í
f aqG;aEG;MuaMumif;? xdak qG;aEG;yGw J iG f
ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,af ygif; (35) a,muf wufa&mufygaMumif;? oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yfonf jrefrmpmjzpf&rnf
qdkonfhtcsufudk wufa&mufolrsm;tm;vHk;u vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHoabmwlMuygonf/
]jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;rSty tjcm;aom vlrsK;d rsm;oifMum;onfU rlvwef;ausmif;rsm;ü ¤if;wdu hk ,
kd yf ikd f bmompmay
udk oifMum;rIr@dKib f mom&yftjzpf toH;k jyK&rnf} [laomtcsufudk >cif;csufxm;½Sd&ef udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wifjy&m
jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwD\ qEÉSifhudkufnDonf[k ,lqygaMumif;/
jrefrmbmomudk oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yftjzpf toH;k jyKaomfvnf; Edik if jH cm;pmayrsm;wGif t*Fvyd b f mom
onf ta&;BuD;onfh tcef;rSm½Sad eao;onft h wGuf t*Fvyd b f momudk 'kw, d roifrae& bmom&yftjzpf jy|mef;um
rlvwef;vGefrS pwifoifMum;oifhonf[laom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ wifjycsufrSmvnf; jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwD\
oabmESifhwlnDygaMumif;? oifyHkoifenf; ajymif;vJa&;? rlvwef;? rlvwef;vGefESifh wuúodkvfwdkYonf ynmoifMum;
a&;ü pepfwusqufoG,f&ef vdktyfaeaMumif;udk wifjyMu&m jyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS vufcHobmwlnDygaMumif;/
5/ rlvwef;ynm? rlvwef;vGefynma&;? tvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm; [laom pmwrf; (3) apmifudk wuo
Ouú| udpk ;kd ode;f (obmywd)? ykord Of ypmaumvdyo f r*¾ Ouú| udck ifxeG ;f u (obmywd) tjzpfaqmif&u G í
f tcsuft
vuf pkaqmif;½SmazGa&;aumfrwDrS udkbaumif;? udkeef;a0? udkatmifMunfwdkYu wifjyygonf/ aqG;aEG;yGJudk 1958
ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (11) &ufaeYrS (13) &ufaeY? nae (5) em&DcGJtxd bGJUESif;obifcef;raqmifü aqG;aEG;Muygonf/
wufa&mufol udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (30*) a,mufjzpfygaMumif;? aqG;aEG;olaygif; (30) jzpfygonf/
rlvwef;ynma&;pmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;Mu&m A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD\ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk wufa&muf
aqG;aEG;Muolrsm; oabmwlnD vufcMH uygonf/ pmwrf;yg tcsut f vufrsm;ESihf ywfoufí wifjyaqG;aEG;Mu&m0,f
t*Fvyd b f momudk rlvwef;rS pwifívnf;aumif;? (3) wef;rS pwifívnf;aumif; oifMum;&ef ud, k pf m;vS,t f csKUd u
wifjy aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;csufrSm jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDESifh qEćsif;rwlnDyg/ oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom
&yf wifjycsufpmwrf;wGif wifjyNyD;jzpfygonf/ Ak'b ¨ momudv k nf;aumif;? pm&dwjå yKjyifa&;udv k nf;aumif;? rlvwef;
wGif pwifoifMum;ay;&efESifh ywfoufívnf; A[dkaumfrwDESifh oabmqEćsif; rudkufnDyg/ ynmoifMum;a&;\
&nf½G,fcsufwGif jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfudef;atmifa&; xnfhoGif;&ef wifjyaqG;aEG;Mu&m A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS
xnfhoGif;oifhonf[k oabm&½Sdygonf/
txl;ojzifh rlvwef;ynmoifMum;a&; tydik ;f wGiyf g½Sad om rlvwef;ESihf q&mjyóemtcef;udk wufa&muf
aqG;aEG;Muolrsm;u txl;wifjy aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ q&m? q&mrrsm; rvHak vmufrrI sm;? t&nftcsif; rjynfrh rI sm;udk
wifjyaqG;aEG;Mu&m jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDESifh oabmxm;csif;wlnDonf/
rlvwef;vGeyf nma&;ESihf ywfoufí ud, k pf m;vS,af ygif; (19) a,muf aqG;aEG;G cGi&hf ½Sad Mumif;? A[dak umfrwD
\ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;oltm;vHk;uyif axmufcHaqG;aEG;Muí ¤if;wdkY\ e,fajra'orsm;wGif ay:aygufae
aom vdt k yfcsurf sm;? tjzpftysurf sm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG; axmufco H mG ;Mu&mwGif A[dak umfrwDtaeESihf oabmwlnrD yI g
onfhtwGuf tvGwfynmoifausmif;pmwrf;wGif aqG;aEG;Mu&mwGifrlum; A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD\pmwrf;udk >cif;
csufr½Sd axmufcHaqG;aEG;Muygonf/ omoemjyKausmif;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uodrf;ydkuf&ef[laom udk,fpm;vS,f
wdkY\ wifjycsufrlum; A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDu omoema&;ESifhywfoufaeí pOfpm;oifhonf[k wifjyygaMumif;?
txl;ojzifh raqG;aEG;vdkufMuaom ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS pmjzifhwifjyMuonfh wifjycsuf (131) csuf &½SdaMumif;/
6/ txufwef;vGef ynma&;pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 &ufaeY? nae (3) em&DwGif wuocef;rü vnf;aumif;?
12? 8? 58 &ufaeYwGif t*fvdyfpmcef;rü vnf;aumif; aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ obmywdtjzpf rwuoOuú| udkapm
vGiu f aqmif½u G íf tcsut f vufpak qmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udak rmifarmifñeG Yf? udwk ifxw
G w
f Ykdu wifjyygonf/ ud, k pf m;
vS,faygif; (47) a,mufwufí (29) a,muf aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ pmwrf;wGifyg½Sdonfhtwdkif; tydkif; (6) ydkif;
aqG;aEG;Mu&mwGif wufa&mufolrsm;\ oabmwlnDrI &½Sdygonf/ oifMum;yHkpepfwGifyg½Sdaom pmar;yGJpepfESifh
ywfoufí udk,fpm;vS,fawmf (2) OD;u rausvnfojzifh A[dkaumfrwDESifh qE´jcif;rwlnDjzpfcJhygonf/ ausmif;om;
r@dKifydkif;wGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u pmwrf;ygtcsufrsm;[lí ,lqonf/ jynfhpHkpGma&;om;oifhonf[k wifjyMu&m
A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDtaeESifh oabmwlvufcHygonf/ tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;rSm jznfhpGuftMuHay;csufrsm;
589
jzpfí oD;jcm;aumfr½Siftvdkuf wifjyonfh pmwrf;rsm;wGif yg½Sdygonf/

7/ pufrIvufrI toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynm&yfwifjycsuf pmwrf;rsm;udk 11? 8? 58 ESifh 12? 8? 58 &ufaeY
wGif avmu"gwfcef; (1) ü usif;yjyKvkyyf gaMumif;? obmywdtjzpf rwuo twGi;f a&;rSL; udw k ifa½Tu aqmif½uG f
í wifjyoltjzpf tcsuftvuf½SmazGpkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udkpdk;ausmfuaqmif½Gufonf/ udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (50)
wufa&mufMuygonf/ A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS wifjyaompmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;Muol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u vufcH
oabmwlí ,aeYxkwfvkyfvsuf½Sdaom vufrIynmonfrsm;tm; ta&twGufuefYowfrI r½Sdap&efudk vnf;aumif;?
tkycf sKyfa&;ydik ;f wGif Edik if jH cm;rSpu
G zf ufrI uif;vGwaf &;[laom tyd'k u f kd xnfo h iG ;f &ef wifjytMuHay;Mu&m A[dak umfrwD
ESifh oabmqE´jcif; wlnDrI½SdcJhygonf/
8/ vlrsKd;pkynma&;pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 &ufaeYrS 12? 8? 58 &ufaeYxd aumifppD nf;a0;cef;rwGif usif;yjyKvkyf
ygonf/ obmywdtjzpf wuotrIaqmif udkcifatmifu aqmif½Gufí tcsuftvuf½SmazGpkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS
udkatmifoef;? udkatmifomausmfwdkYu wifjyolrsm;tjzpf aqmif½Gufygonf/ udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (58) a,muf
wufa&mufaqG;aEG;Muí vlrsKd;pkpmwrf;yg oabmxm;wifjycsufESifh ywfoufí aqG;aEG;oludk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh
oabmwlnD Muygonf/ odkYaomf vlrsKd;pkpmwrf;onf jynfhpHkaompmwrf;wck r[kwfao;aMumif;udk wifjy&m A[dk
jyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS vufcHygonf/
jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwfzGHUNzdK;a&;pmydk'fudk tydk'f (2) a½SUrSxnfhoGif;ay;&ef? rGefbmomudk tydkbmomtjzpfrS
pdwfBudKufbmomtjzpf jy|mef;&ef? vlrsKd;pkrsm;tm; ynma&;twGuf txl;&efyHkaiGxm;½Sd&ef? ytdk0fhpmwrf;wGif ygaom
pmwrf;wckudk jznfhpGuf&ef tMuHay; wifjyMuygonf/
9/ ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh ausmif;om;or*¾pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 59 aeY? aeYvnfydkif;? 12? 8? 58 aeY?
eHeufydkif;wGif aqG;aEG;Mu&m udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (253) a,mufwufa&mufí aqG;aEG;olaygif; (47) a,muf½SdNyD;
pdwftm;xufoefpGm aqG;aEG;MuaMumif;? obmywdtjzpf udkaZmf0if; (Auorsm;zGJUcsKyf Ouú|) u aqmif½GufNyD;?
t&Hobmywdtjzpf udkpHvIdif (ausmufjzLOypmaumvdyfor*¾) u aqmif½Gufí tcsuftvuf½SmazGpkaqmif;a&;
aumfrwDrS udkaxG;wdkY wifjyMuygonf/ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk wufa&mufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u vufcHaqG;aEG;
Muygonf/ ynma&;vGwv f yfciG Ehf iS hf or*¾zUJG pnf;cGiuhf kd tm;vH;k u vufcMH uayonf/ ausmif;aumifprD sm; rzGUJ pnf;&ef
ESifh zsufodrf;ay;&ef[laom tcsufudk udk,fpm;vS,ftcsKdUu wifjy&m A[dkaumfrwDESifh qE´wlnDrI r&½SdygaMumif;/
vlxkynma&;ESifh oufBuD;wuúodkvfynma&;pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 &ufaeYwGif avmu"gwfcef;r (2) ü
aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ obmywdtjzpf AuotzGJUcsKyfrS trIaqmif udkpGefwdwfu aqmif½Gufí tcsuftvuf½SmazG
pkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udkaX;atmifESifh udkodef;oef;xGef;wdkYu wifjyygaMumif;? udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (9) a,muf
wufa&mufaqG;aEG;í 11? 8? 58 &ufaeY? nae (5) em&DwGif NyD;qHk;ygonf/ A[dkaumfrwD\ wifjycsufpmwrf;rsm;
ESifh ywfoufí oabmxm; uGJvGJrIvHk;0r½Sdyg/ aqG;aEG;olrsm; vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHMuygonf/
10/ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f m ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf w JG iG f A[djk yifqifa&;aumfrwDrS pmwrf;aygif; (13)
ck wifjyum aumfr½Sif (8) ckrS aqG;aEG;cJh&m a,bk,stm;jzifh A[dkaumfrwD\ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk vufcHí udk,f
pm;vS,rf sm; oabmrwlno D nfh tcsut f vufrsm;½So d nfukd awGU½S&d ygonf/ oabmrwlnrD rI sm;vnf; pmwrf;wckv;kH
tay:wGifr[kwfbJ tpdwftydkif;tvdkuf wifjycsufay:wGif rwlnDrIjzpfaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunmvdkufygonf/
11/ 9? 8? 58 &ufaeYrS 13? 8? 58 &ufaeY? eHeufydkif;txd (5) &ufwdkifwdkif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhaom jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tultnDay;aom jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdik if tH pd;k &? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H tpd;k &ynma&;XmeESihf Xmeqdik &f m t&m½Srd sm;? e,frsm;½Sd ausmif;tkyq f &mBuD;
rsm;? &efukefwuúodkvf 'k-t"dywdESifhwuG q&m? q&mrrsm;? tvkyform;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;wif½SdygaMumif;? þESD;aESm
zvS,fyGJBuD;rS rSwfwrf;wifaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunmygonf/
ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI atmif&rnf
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ
wuotaqmuftOD
1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (13) &uf (Ak'¨[l;aeh) &efukefwuúodkvf
590
(c) Edik if jH cm;c&D;pOfrsm;

1958 ck Mo*kwfvwGif *syefEdkifiH? [D½dk½SD;rmNrdKUü EsL;uvD;,m;AHk;qefYusifa&;nDvmcHudk wufa&muf&ef
wuoOuú| udpk ;kd ode;f tm; zdwMf um;cJah vonf/ udpk ;kd ode;f onf ausmif;om;ES;D aESmzvS,yf ½JG í dS udak pmwmomuvm;
udk vTwfvdkuf&onf/
yDuif;NrKdUü usif;yaom urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾tzGJU nDvmcHodkY Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ouú| udkaZmf0if;
OD;aqmifí wufa&mufcJhavonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾?
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ ponfwdkYonf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾wGif tzGJU0ifr[kwfay? odkY
aomfvnf; urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ESifh qufoG,frI½Sdjcif; ¤if;\vkyfief;pOfudk vufcHtaumiftxnf azmfcJhjcif;
ponfrsm;aMumifh avhvmoltjzpf wufa&mufciG &hf onf/ wuotzGUJ udk Ouú| udpk ;kd ode;f u OD;aqmifívnf;aumif;?
rEÅav;wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ukd udak pmvGiu f OD;aqmifívnf;aumif; wufa&mufMuonf/ tm½S? tmz&du?
vufwiftar&du? Oa&myEdik if aH ygif; (70) ausmfrS ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; wufa&mufMuonf/ jrefrmud, k pf m;vS,t f zGUJ rSm
OD;a&trsm;qHk; jzpfonf/ jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUonf OD;a&rsm;jcif;? wdk;wufaom EdkifiHa&;cH,lcsuf½Sdolrsm; ygjcif;?
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; ordkif;tpOftvm ½Sdjcif;wdkYaMumifh EdkifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;\ ta&;xm;cH&aom udk,fpm;vS,f
tzGUJ jzpfonf/ w½kwjf ynfoYl or®wEdik if H (10) ESpaf jrmuf vGwv f yfa&;tcrf;tem;udv k nf; wufa&mufco hJ nf/ 0efBuD;
csKyf csLtifvikd ;f u vma&mufawGUqHEk w I q
f ufonf/ xrif;pm;yGw J iG f 'k-0efBuD;csKyfwOD;jzpfol rm½S,[ f vkd ;kH u EIwqf uf
{nfch oH nf/ Edik if t H oD;oD;rS ud,
k pf m;vS,tf zGUJ acgif;aqmifrsm;udk armfpw D ek ;f u vufcaH wGUqH&k m udak Zmf0if; wufa&muf
cJhonf/
xdktcsdefjrefrmEdkifiHü OD;Eku AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; tdrfapmifhtpdk;&tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;vdkufonf/ tajc
taerSefudk odap&efESifh tzrf;cH&&ifvnf; tzrf;cH&ygapawmh oabmjzifh udkaZmf0if;udk jyefvTwfvdkufonf/
(tay:-0J) wuoOuú| udpk ;kd ode;f u ausmif;om;txdr;f

trSwtf vHtm; AD,uferfor®w [dck srD if;xH ay;tyfpOf
(tay:-,m) ulrif;[dw
k ,fa½Sw
Y iG f EIwq
f ufaysmjf rL;MupOf
(atmuf) wuo Ouú| udpk ;kd ode;f tm; twif;ucdik ;f &mwGif

591
(*) 1958-59 ck wuoa&G;aumufyJG

1958-59 ck ynmoifESpfwGif zqyvNydKuGJonfh*,ufjzifh wuotrIaqmifa½G;aumufyGJwGif &Jacgif
wzGJUvHk; vIyf½Sm;Edkifjcif; r½Sdawmhyg/ wyfOD;om NydKifbufr½Sd ta½G;cH&onf/
1/ udkcifarmiftkef; Ouú|
2/ udkbaumif; 'k-Ouú|
3/ udkcifatmif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
4/ udkjrifhodef; wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;Xme
5/ udkwifatmif aiGxdef;
6/ udkzdk;omab; upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXme
7/ rcifcifwdk; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;
8/ udkom'dk; EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
9/ udkndK0if; vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
10/ udkvSwif tdk;a0wm0efcH
11/ udkodef;wef yd#uwfrSL;
(C) yÍörtBurd af jrmuf wuúov

kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yGJ
1959 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (2 - 3) &uf
wuotaqmuftOD? &efukefwuúodkvf
&efuek wf uúov kd ?f rEÅav;wuúov kd ?f armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdy?f ykord Of ypmaumvdy?f &efuek f aq;odyrHÜ [m
Xme? rEÅav;aq;odyrHÜ [mXme? tif*sief , D mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾EiS hf wuúov kd af umvdyt
f oD;oD;rS vlrsK;d pktoif;rsm;?
ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;? o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm;? c½dik t f oif;rsm;? bmom&yfqikd &f mtoif;rsm;rS ud, k pf m;vS,f
aygif; (96) OD;? avhvmol (35) OD; pkpkaygif; (131) OD;wdkYonf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ taqmuftOD
wGif 1959 ck? Zefe0g&D (2-3) &ufaeYrsm;wGif cspfMunf&if;ESD;pGm awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuayonf/
,if; wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHak qG;aEG;yGBJ uD;rSm wuúov kd Ef iS hf aumvdyt f oD;oD;½Sd vuf½cdS pH m;ae&aom
tajctae? pmwrf;rsm;udk qdkif&mwuúodkvfaumvdyfESifh r[mXmeor*¾rsm;rS wifoGif;zwfMum;cJhMuayonf/ xdkwif
oGi;f pmwrf;rsm;? tajctaersm;ay:rlwnfí ,aeY wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyrf sm;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;\ b0tajctaeay:
wGif vnf;aumif;? wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifh ywfoufaom trsKd;om;a&;qdkif&m jyóemrsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHwum
tajctaersm;ay:wGif vnf;aumif; tav;teuf wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhMuum atmufygtwdkif; oabmwlnDcsufrsm;?
oabmxm;rsm;ESifh tMuHay;csufrsm;udk wnDwñGwfwnf; jy|mef;vdkufygonf/
yÍörtBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJrS atmufygtwdkif; oabmxm;rsm; xkwfjyef
vdkufonf/
(1) jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;\ ausmif;om;b0a,bk,s tajctaersm;udk pkaygif;xkwf
jyef&ef jy|mef;onf/
(2) wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;\ pnf;urf;ESifhywfoufaom oabmw&yfudk xkwfjyefaMunm&efjy|mef;
onf/
(3) ,aeY ausmif;om;rsm;\ &ifqdkif&onfh tcuftcJjyóemrsm;udk ausmfvTm;Edkifa&;twGuf ausmif;om;
aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;twGuf vdktyfonfhtm;avsmfpGm ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;twGuf yefMum;vTm
wapmif xkwfjyefjy|mef;cJhonf/
pkaygif;wdkufyGJ0ifMu&eftwGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSjy|mef;vdkufaom oabmwlnDcsufrsm;

1/ 1958 ck? Mo*kwfv (9) &ufaeYrS (12) &ufaeYtxd &efukefwuúodkvfü usif;yNyD;pD;cJhaom jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrS csrSwfcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfMu&efESifh wrsKd;
om;vHk;yg0ifaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJw&yf usif;ya&;?
592
2/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJ&efESifh wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaiG wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?

3/ ausmif;rS xGufcGmoGm;aom ausmif;om;ôlrsm;twGuf tmrcHcsuf&½Sda&;?
4/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?
5/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS axmufyHhaMu; (stipend)?
6/ ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; vGwfvyfpGmzGJUpnf;cGifh &½Sdap&efESifh or*¾zsufodrf;a&;trdefYudk ½kyfodrf;&ef?
7/ ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;u OD;aqmifvkyfudkifvsuf½Sdaom oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&rS ulnDtm;ay;&ef?
8/ zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefqHk;vTwfay;a&;?
9/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;aexdkif&mjynfe,frsm;ü Oypmaumvdyfrsm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef? vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ôlrsm; ynm
oifMum;a&;vG,u f al p&ef tpd;k &rSppD Ofay;&efEiS hf tajctaersm; aumif;rGev
f ma&;twGuf zefw;D ay;&ef?
(Oyrm- c&D;oGm;vma&;ESifh axmufyHhaMu;rsm;)
10/ 1958 ck? pufwifbmvwGif yDuif;NrdKUü usif;ycJhaom (5) Budrfajrmuf urÇmhausmif;om;uGef*&ufudk
axmufcHaMumif;/
wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifU oufqdkifaomta&;ESifU ywfoufí atmufygtwdkif; xkwfjyefjy|mef;vdkufaMumif;

1/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf olremudk,fremNidrf;csrf;a&;rludk axmufcHí ausmif;om;rsm;\ vlaerI?
pD;yGm;a&;½IaxmifhrS oHk;oyfum yefMum;vTmwapmif xkwfjyef&ef?
2/ trsKd;om;vGwv f yfa&;ESihf zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'udk xde;f odr;f umuG,Mf u&ef? yefMum;vTmwapmif
xkwfjyef&ef?
3/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;twGuf xkwfjyefaMunm&ef/
EdkifiHwuma&;&mrsm;ESifUywfoufí oabmxm;rsm;ESifUoabmwlnDcsufrsm;
1/ tEkjrL EsL;uvD;,m;vufeufrsm; prf;oyfazmufcGJjcif;udk &yfpJa&;? vufeufavQmhaygha&;? ppfpmcsKyf
ppftkyfpkrsm; zsufodrf;a&;twGuf awmif;qdk&efESifh urÇmYNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu&ef?
2/ 1959 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (2) &ufaeYrS (8) &ufaeYtxd tD*spftm&yfor®wEdkifiH udkif½kdNrdKUwGif usif;yonfh
tm½S-tmz&duvli,fnDvmcHBuD;tm; axmufcHBudKqdkaMumif;/
aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS atmufygtMuHay;csufrsm;udk jy|mef;vdkufaMumif;

1/ aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm; usif;ya&;twGuf tpOftvmw&yfjzpfap&ef xdef;odrf;Mu&ef? 1959-
60 ckwGif ykodrfNrdKUwGif usif;ya&;twGuf 0dkif;0ef;BudK;yrf;Mu&ef?
2/ ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odef;jr§ifhwifa&;wdkYtwGuf wuúodkvfESifh
aumvdyfrsm;yg0ifonfh ausmif;om;yGJawmfrsm; usif;ya&;? (1959-60 ckwGif rEÅav;NrdKUü usif;ya&;
twGuf BudK;yrf;&ef)
3/ ausmif;om; oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifMu&ef?
4/ ausmif;om;vkyfief; owif;rsm;zvS,fa&;twGuf wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk jyefMum;a&;AsL½dkwck
zGJUí tcsdefrD pmapmifxkwfa0&ef/
593
(i) cGx
J u
G cf iG Ehf iS hf ½Sr;f ausmif;om;rsm;aMunmcsuf
&efukefNrdKY ? ½Srf;jynfausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;toif;
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif;rS ½Srf;jynfcGJxGufEdkifcGifUESifUpyfvsOf;í
&efukefNrdKY ? ½Srf;jynfausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;toif; trIaqmiftzGJY\
oabmxm;xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf
½Srf;jynfoltaygif;wdkhcifAsm;-
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH? zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' tcef; (10) yg yk'frrsm;t& vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf
(10) ESpfausmfvQif ½Srf;jynfonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;rS cGJxGufvdku cGJxGufEdkifcGifh &½Sdxm;ayonf/
odYk &½Sx d m;onfukd ½Sr;f jynfu xdck x JG uG cf iG hf pGeYf vw
T &f ef tajccHOya' tcef; (10) yg yk'rf rsm;udk vdt k yfovdk
jyifqifzdkY erfhcrf;trwf OD;xGef;at;u ,ck 1959 ckESpf rwfvwGif awmifBuD;NrdKUwGif usif;yrnfh ½Srf;jynfe,faumifpD
tpnf;ta0;wGif tqdkwifoGif;rnf[k 11?2? 59 aeY &efukefxkwf ]ae;½Si;f } owif;pmwGif twdtvif; aMunmxm;
onfudk awGU½Sdzwf½I&ojzifh uRefawmfwdkY &efukefNrdKU ½Srf;jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;toif; trIaqmiftzGJUu xdkudpu ö dk
av;eufpGm pOf;pm;oHk;oyfMuNyD;vQif oabmxm;udk xkwfjyefaMunmvdkufayonf/
OD;xGef;at; taMumif;jycsufrSm ½Srf;jynfu jynfaxmifpktwGif;rS cGJxGufEdkifcGifh½Sdaejcif;onf-
1/ jynfaxmifpkwnfjrJa&;twGuf tEå&m,fjzpfapí
2/ wdkif;wyg;wdkh 0ifa&mufpGufzufEdkif&eftwGuf vrf;cif;ay;&ma&mufonf [lí jzpfayonf/
odYk aomf trSew f &m;rSm OD;xGe;f at;\,lqcsufEiS hf ajymif;jyef jzpfaeayonf/ trSerf mS cGx J u G Ef ikd cf iG hf r½Sjd cif;
(0g) cGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk zsufodrf;jcif;wdkYuomvQif jynfaxmifpkwnfjrJa&;udk tEÅ&m,fjzpfapí wdkif;wyg;wdkY 0ifa&muf
pGufzufEdkif&eftwGuf tuGufaumif;qifay;&m a&mufayonf/ owdcsyfoifhonfrSm uRefawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHonf
jynfrESifhjynfe,frsm; pdwfwloabmwl yl;aygif;wnfaxmifxm;Muaom jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHBuD;wck jzpfaMumif;yif
jzpfayonf/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;ay:wGif tajcpdu k íf zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifvmcJah om uReaf wmfwYkd jynfaxmifpt k "dygÜ ,fukd
tjynft h 0aqmifapNyD; jynfaxmifpk xm0&wnfjrJa&;udk tBuD;rm;qH;k aom taxmuftuljzpfapí udv k ekd eD ,fcsUJ orm;
wdkY\ tEÅ&m,fudkwGef;vSefEdkifum vlrsKd;pkcsif; ppfrSefcdkifjrJaom cspfcif,HkMunfrIudk wnfaqmufEdkifayonf/ wcGef;xJ
qdk&vQif þcGJxGufEdkifcGifhudkom tajccHOya'wGif cdkifcdkifrmrmBuD; xnfhoGif;xm;jcif; rjyKcJhygu jynfaxmifpkBuD;yif
ay:aygufEdkifcJhrnf r[kwfay/ þodkYjzpfvQif vGwfvyfa&;udk aMunmEdkifcJhMurnf r[kwfay/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
1947 ck yifvpkH mcsKyfBuD; rcsKyfru D ½Sr;f paom vlrsKd;rsm;u? ArmvlrsKd;BuD;tay: twdw&f mZ0ifu taMumif;rsm;aMumifh
pdwcf s,MkH unfjcif; r½Scd ahJ omaMumifjh zpfayonf/ odYkaomf zufqpf*syefqefYusiaf &;wGif vufwv JG yk u
f ikd cf zhJ ;l í waMumif;?
vlrsKd;pkrsm;tay: AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkY\ oabmxm;rSefuefcJhí waMumif; þtaMumif;wdkYaMumifh yifvHkpmcsKyfudk
csKyfqdkEdkifcJhNyD; jynfaxmifpk wnfaxmifEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/
txufuqdkcJhonfhtwdkif; ½Srf;paom vlrsKd;pkrsm;u ArmvlrsKd;BuD;tay:wGif twdwf&mZ0ifu taMumif;
rsm;aMumifh pdwfcs,HkMunfjcif; r½SdjzpfaecsdefwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkYu ½Srf;wdkY\ pdk;&drfaMumifhMurIrsm; yaysmufoGm;
atmif-
1/ vGwfvyfa&;udk ArmjynfeJY vufwGJ,lyg/
2/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;wJhtcg ArmawGeJY aygif;csifrSaygif;Muyg? raygif;csifvnf;aeMuyg/
3/ ArmawGeJYaygif;vdkY½Sd&if ArmawGu rESdyfpuf&atmif Oya'awGbmawGeJY pepfwuscdkifcdkifvHkvHk pDrHjy|mef;
ay;ygr,f/
4/ tJ'Dvdk aygif;wmvnf; tjrJxm0pOf aygif;oGm;&r,f? b,fawmhrS cGJrxGuf&bl;&,fvdkY r[kwfygbl;?
oabmusoavmufaygif;? oabmrus&if cGJxGufoGm;Muyg/
5/ aygif;aewJhtcgrSm ]Armwusyf? ½Srf;wusyf} qdkwJh tcGifhta&; wef;wlnDrQrIeJY aygif;ygr,f/
6/ ½Srf;jynf&JUjynfwGif;a&;rSm bmrS0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyKygbl;/
7/ ½Srf;jynf&JUudk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifhudk ½dkaoav;pm;yghr,f ponfjzifh oabmxm;rSefuefpGmjzifh uwday;onfh
twGuf ½Srf;jynfu jrefrmjynfeJYvufwGJí vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJ0if&ef auseyfpGmqHk;jzwfvdkufNyD; yifvHk
pmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/
594
xdkodkY yifvHkpmcsKyf csKyfqdkMuNyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;vQif ½Srf;? Arm? u&if? u,m; tp½Sdaom trsKd;om;
rsm; rnfuJhodkY yl;aygif;zGJUpnf; aexdkifMurvJqdkonfh jyóemudk pOfpm;ajz½Sif;&eftwGuf wdkif;jyKjynfjyKvTwfawmf
ac:í jynfaxmifpzk UJG pnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk a&;qGMJ uayonf/ tajccHOya'a&;qGMJ upOfu ½Sr;f jynftwGuf ta&;BuD;
qHk; jyóemrSm jynfaxmifpkxJwGif rnfuJhodkY yl;aygif;aexdkifoGm;MurvJ qdkonfhtcsufyif jzpfonf/ þtcsufudk
pOf;pm;&mü wd;k wufaeaom Edik if BH uD;rsm;wGif aqmif½u G Mf uouJo h Ykd vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ ud, k yf ikd jf y|mef;cGiu hf kd tjynfth 0ay;
&ef qHk;jzwf owfrSwfcJhMuayonf/
]udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifUqdkonfrSm ½Srf;jynf\ ,aeh vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;? eufjzefwGif cGJxGufí oD;jcm;EdkifiHxlaxmif
csifonfqdkvQif xlaxmifEdkifcGifU½Sd&rnf/ xdkhtjyif ½Srf;jynfwGif ½Srf;jynfoltrsm; BudKufaompepft& tkyfcsKyfoGm;EdkifcGifU
vnf; ½Sd&rnf} [líyif jzpfayonf? þtcsufudk rnfolrQ jiif;y,fEdkifrnf r[kwfay/
þodkYr[kwfbJ ]cifAsm;wdhk usKyw f ehkd hJ bmyJjzpfjzpf tjrx J m0&aygi;f ae&r,f? usKyw f o hkd abmuswUJ tkycf sKyaf &;
rsKd;yJ wnfaxmif&r,f} [líqdkvQif ½Srf;jynf\vGwfvyfa&;rSm wef;zdk;r½Sd? udk,fwdkifjy|mef;cGifhvnf; t"dyÜg,fr½Sd
jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
odkYaomfvnf; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkYu ]vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;&if? jynfaxmifpkwckvHk; wdk;wufBuD;yGm;atmif
(5) ESppf rD u H ed ;f Bu;D (2) ckavmuf aoaocsmcsma&;qGNJ y;D vkyjf yyg&ap/ 'Dvkd wd;k wufatmif vkyjf yNy;D vdhk rauseyfao;bJ
½Srf;jynfu udk,fUzmomudk,f MuHpnfvkyfaqmifcsifao;oyqdk&if cGJxGufNyD; oabmusvkyfyg/ 'D (10) ESpfudkawmU
onf;cHNyD; ESpfOD;ESpfzuftusKd;twGuf yl;aygif;aeapcsifao;ygw,f} [lí apwemjzifh azsmif;zsajymqdkonfh twGuf
uRefawmfwdkY ½Srf;jynfolYacgif;aqmifrsm;uvnf; vdkufavsmoabmwlMuNyD; ](10) ESpftwGif;awmU jynfaxmifpkxJ
rSmyJ aeoGm;yghr,f? aemif (10) ESpfausmfNyD;rS b0tajctaetopft& wrsKd;wzHk jyefvnfpOf;pm;oifU&if pOf;pm;
yghr,f} [lí uwdjyKcJhMuayonf/
xdkodkY jynfaxmifpk zGJUpnf;yHktajccH Oya'a&;qGJpOf tcgu uRefawmfwdkY ½Srf;jynfolUacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;\
tajrmftjrifBuD;pGmjzifh awmif;qdkBudK;yrf;rIaMumifh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'tcef; (10)
yg yk'rf rsm;t& vGwv f yfa&;&NyD;aemuf (10) ESpaf usmfvQif ½Sr;f jynfonf jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f rS cGx
J u
G vf u
kd f
cGx
J u G Ef ikd cf iG u
hf kd &½Scd jhJ cif; jzpfayonf/ þodYk cGx J u G Ef ikd af om tcGit hf a&;onf ½Sr;f jynfow l &yfv;kH twGuf tvGejf rwfE;dk
zG,&f maumif;aom tcGit hf a&;BuD; jzpfayonf/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf þcGx J uG Ef ikd af om tcGit hf a&;onf ½Sr;f jynfol
w&yfvHk;\ vGwfvyfpGm udk,fydkifqHk;jzwf vkyfaqmifEdkifa&;twGuf tajccHOya't& tmrcHxm;aom aomhcsuftcGifh
ta&;BuD; jzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/ þcGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udk tajccHOya'wGif xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;onf (10)
ESpjf ynfv h Qif cGx J u G Ef ikd &f eftwGuf xnfo h iG ;f xm;jcif;r[kwaf y/ ,ckvnf;cGx J u G &f ef vHUI aqmfaejcif;r[kwaf y/ odYk aomf
jynfaxmifpkoabmrSm qdkif&mjynfe,frsm;\ oabmqE´tavsmuf wu,fharwåmppfESifh ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tusKd;&½Sda&;
twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif½u G jf cif;om jzpfoifah yonf/ þodYk jzifh yl;aygif;aqmif½u G rf o S mvQif ppfreS af om yl;aygif;aqmif
½Gufjcif; jzpfEdkifNyD; jynfaxmifpkBuD; xm0&wnfjrJoGm;Edkifrnf/ ]rif;wdkhbmyJjzpfjzpf rcGJxGuf&bl;? yl;aygif;ae&r,f}
[lí t"r®pepfjzifh Ncdrf;ajcmufNyD; "g;rdk;aygif;cdkif;jcif;onf rrSefuefay/ ]½Sr;f wusy?f Armwusy}f qdkonfh wef;wlnD
rQaom tcGifhta&;awGvnf; tjynfht0&rnf/ ½Srf;jynf\jynfwGif;a&;udkvnf; vHk;00ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyKbl;
qdkvQif ]a[U ½Sr;f awG rif;wdjhk ynfaxmifpx k u J cGx J uG Mf u} [lí twif;armif;xkwfonfh wdkifatmif cGJxGufrnfr[kwf
ay/
þodkY rcGJxGufjcif;rSm obm0usayonf/ Oyrm vifESifhr,m; qufqHa&;udk Munfhyg? vifu r,m;udk
xrif;0atmif rauR;? t0wfvnf; vSatmifrqifay;? t&ufr;l vmNyD; ½du k v f nf;½ku d ?f qJvnf;qJao; ti,ftaESmif;
vnf; xm;ao;qdkvQif ]]ighudkruGm&bl;}} [lí aoewfjzifh &if0udkawhum Ncdrf;ajcmufonfhwdkifatmif b,frdef;rurS
ruGmbJaernf r[kwfay? uGmrSm aocsmonf/ þodkY uGmjcm;onfrSm obm0usí rSefuefayonf/ odkYaomf tpm
vnf; 0atmifauR;? t0wfvnf; vSatmifqifay;? vcvnf; tukeftyf? cifcifrifrif ,k,k,,aernfqdkvQif
]]rde;f ra& rif;uGmcsif&ifumG a[h}} qdo k nfw h ikd af tmif b,fred ;f rrS uGmcsifrnfr[kwaf y/ wlEpS u f , kd &f moufyef ½d;k ajrus
aygif;oGm;rnfom jzpfayonf/ aocsmayonf? þodkYaygif;oifjcif;onfvnf; obm0us rSefuefvSayonf/
odYk twGuaf Mumifh ta&;BuD;onfrmS ]]rif;wdYk ½rS ;f awG cGrJ xGu&f bl;}} qdNk yD; vufeufjzifh Ncdr;f ajcmuf&efrvdak y/
]]rif;wdYk cx JG u G &f r,f}} qdNk yD; twif;ESix f wk &f efvnf;rvdak y/ wu,frcGx J u G af pcsiv f Qif wu,frcGx J u G af tmif apwem
jzLjzLpifpifESifh wef;wl&nfwl aygif;oif;qufqHoGm;Mu&efom t"duvdktyfayonf/ ESpfOD;ESpfzufvHk;u oabmxm;
rSefuefzdkY um,uHajrmuf vufawGU tjyKtpk? t,kt,½SdzdkYomvQif y"mejzpfayonf/
595
twdkcsKyfqdk&vQif tajccHOya'wGif þrGefjrwfvSaom cGJxGufEdkifonfh tcGifhta&;udk tcdkiftrm xnfhoGif;

xm;EdkifcJhonfh twGufaMumifhom jynfrESifh jynfe,frsm; pdwfwloabmwl yl;aygif;í vuf½SdjynfaxmifpkBuD;udk zGJU
pnf; wnfaxmifEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/ þcGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udk tajccHOya'wGif xm0pOfwnfjrJatmif
umuG,x f ed ;f odr;f Edik rf o
S mvQif ½Sr;f jynfow
l &yfv;kH twGuf Oya't& rdrwd Ykd \uHMur®mudk rdrw
d Ykd u,
kd w
f ikd f vGwv
f yfpmG
zefwD; vkyfaqmifEdkifcGifh½SdaevQif ½Srf;jynf\ wnfwHhBuD;yGm;a&;udk tm;oGefcGefpdkuf BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifonfESifhtrQ
jynfaxmifpkBuD; wnfwHhBuD;yGm;a&;twGuf vkyfaqmifaeorQ umvywfvHk; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkY toufxif½Sm;
½SdpOftcgu tajccHOya'wGif tcdkiftrmxnfhoGif;cJhaom rGefjrwfvSonfh þcGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk rnfolrQ wpHkw&m
xdyg;jcif;? jyifqifjcif;? ½kyfodrf;jcif;? ao;odrf,kwfnHhatmif wenf;enf;jzifh MuHpnfjyKvkyfjcif; tvsOf;rjyKoifh
aMumif; uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJUu tav;teufcH,lygonf/
odkYtwGufaMumifh ½Srf;jynfu þtajccHOya't& cGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk pGefYvTwf&ef tajccHOya' tcef; (10)
Hygyk'frrsm; jyifqifzdkY erfhcrf;trwf OD;xGef;at;u rMumrDusif;yawmhrnfh ½Srf;jynfe,faumifpD tpnf;ta0;wGif
tqdkwifoGif;rnf[k twdtvif; aMunmvmjcif;onf-
- AdkvfcsKyfatmifqefESifUwuG ½Srf;jynfolacgif;aqmifrsm; tajrmftjrifBuD;pGmjzifU jynfaxmifpkay:xGef;a&;
twGuf tajccHOya'wGif tcdkiftrmxnfUoGif;cJUaom ½Srf;jynfolwdkh\ rGefjrwfvSonfU udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifU
udk udkvdkeDe,fcsJYorm; tvdkawmfus rdkufrJpGmzsufqD;ypf&ef tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmjcif;/
- yifvHkpmcsKyft& jynfrESifUjynfe,frsm; pdwfwloabmwl yl;aygif;wnfaxmifMuaom oabmw&m;udk
ysufjym;atmif e,fcsJYorm;tvdkus tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmcJUjcif;ESifU
- jynfaxmifpk zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk puúLpkwfjzpfoGm;atmif ,kwfrmpGm tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmjcif;
wdkhyif jzpfayonf/
,ckuJhodkY OD;xGef;at;u ½Srf;jynftoufjzpfaom tajccHOya'yg cGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk jyifqif&ef? zsufodrf;
ypf&ef tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmcJhjcif;onfomvQif ½Srf;jynf\ wnfjrJa&;udk vnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;\
wnfjrJa&;udk vnf;aumif;? tEÅ&m,fjzpfapí wdik ;f wyg;wdYk 0ifa&mufpu G Ef ikd &f eftwGuf vrf;cif;ay;&m a&mufayonf/
,if;odkY jynfaxmifpkcspfpdwf? rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwf acgif;yg;vSaom e,fcsJUolvQKd? udk,fusKd;½Smorm;? tmPm½l;?
trsKd;om;opömazmuf OD;xGef;at;u ½Srf;jynfolwdk\ tusKd;? jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;\ tusKd;udk ausmcdkif;í ½Srf;jynf
tygt0if jynfaxmifpkwckvHk; qHk;½IH;epfemap&eftwGuf udkvdkeDe,fcsJUorm;\ tvdkawmfus rdkufrJpGm tm;xkwfvkyf
aqmifvmjcif;udk uRefawmfwdkY &efukefNrdKU? ½Srf;jynfausmif;olôm;rsm;toif; trIaqmiftzGJUu tjyif;txef ½Iwfcs
uefYuGufvdkufayonf/
xdkYjyif ½Srf;jynfolw&yfvHk;\ rGefjrwfvSpGmaom þcGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk ao;odrf,kwfnHhoGm;atmif apmfbGm;
tcsKdUu rdrdwdkYtusKd;twGuf apmfbGm;tmPmpGefY avsmfaMu;awmif;&mü aps;qpfonfhvufeuftjzpf toHk;jyKaejcif;
udkvnf; tjyif;txef½Iwfcs vdkufayonf/
½Srf;jynftusKd;? jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;tusKd; vdkvm;Muaom ½Srf;jynfudk,fpm;vS,f trwfrsm;? apmfbGm;rsm;?
rdbjynfolrsm;? &[ef;oHCmrsm; tm;vHk;wdkYuvnf; ½Srf;jynfolwdkY\ udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifhjzpfaom tajccHOya'yg
cGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udk wvHk;wyg'rQ tjyiftqifrcH? t½kwfodrf;rcHMubJ udkvdkeDe,fcsJUorm;wdkY\ vufudkif
wkwf? udk,fusKd;½Sm tmPm½l; OD;xGef;at;\ t,kwfwrmjyifqifcsuf zsufodrf;&ef tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmjcif;udk
vSnf;aeavSatmif; jrif;apmif;rusef tjyif;txef ½IwfcsuefYuGufMuyg&ef EId;aqmfyefMum;tyfygonf/
- e,fcsJYolvQKd udk,fusKd;½Smorm; tmPm½l; trsKd;om;opömazmuf OD;xGef;at;udk 0dkif;y,fMu

- ½Srf;jynf\ udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifhudk umuG,fMu
- ½Srf;jynfolw&yfvHk; aoG;pnf;Mu
trIaqmiftzGYJ
½Srf;jynfausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;toif;
&efukefNrdKY
(15? 2? 59)
596
(p) wuúov
kd t
f ufOya'udjk yifqifa&;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;
tpdk;&rS 1959 ck? Zefe0g&D (17) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;wGif &efukef
wuúodkvftufOya'udk jyifqif&eftwGuf wifjycJhayonf/
xdktcg ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo) u atmufygtwdkif;jyefMum;cJhygonf/
1/ vuf½SdEdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf tdrfapmifhtpdk;& jzpfonf/ w&m;0iftpdk;&tzGJU jzpfay:vma&;twGuf w&m;rQ
waom a½G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;&efEiS hf Mum;umvtwGi;f wdik ;f jynfukd xde;f odr;f apmifah ½Smufxm;&ef wm0efom jzpfonf/
wdkif;jynftwGuf ta&;BuD;aomtufOya'udk? jyifqifcsufrsm;udk jyKvkyf&ef wm0efr½SdonfhtwGufvnf;aumif;/
2/ tufOya'jyifqifcsufudk avhvmvQifvnf; wuúodkvf0,fwOD;wnf; tmPm½Sifpepf jzpfay: vmap&ef
ESifh ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdyg;um tjyiftyrS 0ifa&mufpGufzufEdkif&ef jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif;/
wuorS ausmif;omxkESifh jynfolvlxktm; wifjyí tufOya'jyifqifjcif;udk uefYuGufcJhayonf/ xdkodkY
uefYuGufonfhtwGuf wuúodkvfaumifpDrS axmufcHcsuft& jyKvkyfjyifqif&ygonf[laom tMuHtpnfysufjym;
í wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif tMuHÓPfawmif;cHjcif;om jzpfygonf[k aemufqkwfcJhavonf/
wuúodkvfaumifpDrSvnf; wOD;wnf; tmPmydkifpepfodkY a&muf½Sdaprnfh jyifqifcsufrsm;ESifh ynma&;
vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdyg;aprnfh jyifqifcsufrsm;udk jznfhpGufxkwfy,f tMuHÓPfay;jcif; jyKcJhayonf/
xdkodkY ausmif;om;xku jyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf; azazmf0g&D (8) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;yGw J iG f &efuek w f uúov kd f tufOya'jyifqifcsuf rlMurf;wifoiG ;f &ef txl;trdeYfjyefwrf; xGuaf y:vmonf/
¤if;wGif wuúov kd af umifprD S wuoud, k pf m;vS,f (2) OD;udk xkwyf pf&ef jyifqifcsuf ygvmonf/ þonfrmS
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&\ r½dk;om;aom tjyKtrljzpfonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif wifjypOfu ryg½SdcJhaomtcsufrsm;udk
,ckrSwifoGif;jcif;onf wuúodkvfaumifpDudk vSnfhjzm;apmfum;vdkufjcif; jzpfavonf/ tpdk;&tzGJU\ *kPfodu©mudk
xdcdkufapaom vdrfvnfrIBuD;w&yf jzpfayonf/
wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk jzKwfypfí ausmif;om;rsm;u rJjzifha&G;aumuf&rnfh
udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk tpm;xdk;jcif;onf-
1/ wuoonf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u w&m;0ifwifajr§mufxm;onfh tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf[laom tcsuf
udky,fcsum ausmif;om;xktm;vHk;\ udk,fpm;vS,fr[kwf[laom oabmxm;oufa&mufjcif;? wenf;qdkaomf
&mZ0if tpOftquf½SdcJhaom wuo\tcef;u@udk ESdrfhcsapmfum;jcif; jzpfonf/
2/ wuo\tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ,ckuJhodkYxdyg;um or*¾tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyif&ef MuH½G,fjcif;jzpfonf/
xdkrQruao; ausmif;om;wdkif; or*¾0ifjzpf&rnf[laom tcsufudk zsufodrf;um or*¾zGJUpnf;cGifhudk yifydwfyif&eft
wGuf pwifjyifqifvmaom ajcvSrf; jzpfonf/
3/ wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk jzKwfcsNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;u 'D*&D&NyD; (11) ESpf oufwrf;½Sdaom
tjyiftyrS yk*dK¾ vf (2) OD;tm; rJjzifh a½G;aumuf&rnf qdkjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ w&m;0ifoabmxm;udk
wuúov kd af umifpw D iG f wifjyjcif;rjyKEdik &f ef pDpOfjcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ tjyiftyrS wuúov kd w
f iG f 0ifa&muf ta½G;cH&jcif;
onf wuúodkvfe,fajrudk jyifyEdkifiHa&;tzGJUrsm; ,SOfNydKifp&m ppfwvif;tjzpfodkY a&muf½SdoGm;&ef um,uHajrmuf
jyKusifhvdkufjcif;yif jzpfonf/
þodkY jyKvkyfonfhtjyif q&mrsm;? XmerSL;rsm; cefYxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufívnf; ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk
0ifa&muf pGufzufvmonf/
xdo
k Ykd ausmif;om;rsm; vIy½f mS ;rIrsm; jzpfay:vmaomtcgwGif ppfum;rsm; wuo0if;xJoYkd a½SU0ifaygufrsm;
u 0ifvmum ppfom;rsm; ckefqif;vmNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0ifa&muf zrf;qD;Muavonf/ udkaZmf0if;? udkpdk;odef;?
udkbaumif;? udkcifarmiftkef;wdkh xGufajy;Muavonf/
597
OD;cifarmiftek ;f
(1958-59)
&efuek Nf rKdUwGif arG;zGm;cJo

h nf/ wuúov
kd 0f ifpmar;yGu
J kd a&eHacsmif;NrKdUrS 1951 ckEpS w
f iG f atmifjrifcí
hJ wuúov
kd f
ynm&yfrsm;udk qufvufoifMum;onf/
1954-55 ckEpS f wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ wGif td;k a0r*¾Zif;t,f'w

D mtjzpf aqmif½u
G cf o
hJ nf/ 1957-58 ckwiG f
wuotrIaqmifwOD;tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&í twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onf/
1958-59 ckwiG f wuoOuú|jzpfonf/
1958 ckwiG f zqyvESpjf crf;uGNJ yD; Edik if aH &;ajymif;vJrrI sm;jzpfc\

hJ / xdpk Ofu Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf jzpfol OD;Eku
tpdk;&tmPmudk AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;tpdk;&tm; vTJajymif;ay;cJh\/ tmPmvTJajymif;ay;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí
ausmif;om;rsm;u uefYuGufqE´jycJhonf/
wuúov kd t
f if*sief ,
D mr[mXme ausmif;om;rsm; qE´jyoydwaf rSmufco hJ nf/ tif*sief , D mr[mXmerSL; a½TUajymif;
ay;&\/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; tpdk;&vufxufwGif wuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsufjyKvkyfonf/ tufOya'
jyifqifcsuft& wuúov kd af umifpw D iG f yg0ifaom wuo ud, k pf m;vS,Ef pS Of ;D tm; xkwyf pfjcif;? ausmif;om;
a&;rSL;rsm; cefYxm;jcif; jyKvyk cf \
hJ / ausmif;pnf;urf;ESihf ywfoufívnf;aumif;? wuúov kd t
f ufOya' jyifqif
csuftwGufvnf;aumif; ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jyjcif; jyKcJhMuonf/
wuúovkd w
f iG f ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmxifatmif Ekwx
f u
G o
f mG ;ojzif?h ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmvSjrift
h m; cefYxm;
onf/ tcuftcJrsm;Mum;rS pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;udk usif;yEdkifcJhonf/
1959 ck? {NyDv (3) &ufaeYwiG f Adv k cf sKyfBuD;tpd;k &u wuotaqmuftODukd 0dik ;f um ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm;udk zrf;qD;onf/ Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef;? trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;wdkY tzrf;cH&NyD;? 'k-Ouú| udkbaumif;
ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL; udck ifatmifwYkd wdr;f a½SmifaecJ&h onf/ wuo twGi;f a&;rSL;a[mif; udak tmifbef;? trIaqmif
a[mif; udkjrifhOD;wdkYvnf; tzrf;cHcJh&\/ udkcifarmiftkef;? udkzdk;omab;wdkYtm; EdkifiHtusOf;om;rsm;ESifhtwl
uduk ;kd uRef;odYk ydYk aqmifjcif;cH&onf/
udck ifarmiftek ;f onf wuúov kd w f iG f ynmqufvufqnf;yl;qJ jzpfonf/ (6) Budraf jrmuf ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f m
ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾tzGUJ csKyn
f v D mcHrS Ouú|tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&í ,ckwm0ef,l vkyaf qmifvsuf
½Sdonf/ (tdk;a0) 1962 rwfv (2) &uf tmPmodrf;rIESifh ywfoufonfh xkwfjyefrIaMumifh Ouú|tjzpfrS
z,f&mS ;cH&onf/ OD;cif armiftek ;f onf rd;k [de;f uk?d cifarmiftek ;f ponft
h rnfrsm;jzifh Edik if w
H umta&;tcif;rsm;ESihf
ywfoufí EG,feDr*¾Zif;? rdk;*sme,fwdkYwGif a&;om;cJhonf/ 2006 ckESpf? arv (5) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrKdUwGif
uG,v f eG o
f nf/
598
&efuek w
f uúov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ trIaqmiftzGUJ (1958-1959)
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG
(1958 ck? Mo*kwf 9 &ufrS 13 &uf)
armfvNrKid Of ypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;or*¾

Ouú| udak usmt f ek ;f tzGit
Uf rSmpum;
ajymMum;aepOf
oD;jcm;u@tvdu
k f ae&mcJí
G aqG;aEG;Muonf
599
1958 ck? Mo*kwvf (9) &ufaehrS (13) &ufaehwikd f &efuek w f uúov kd f bGEYJ iS ;f boifcef;raqmifwiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f m
ausmif;om;rsm; ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG u;D usi;f yjyKvyk pf Ofu pkpak ygi;f ud, k pf m;vS,f (789) a,muf wufa&mufco UJ nf
(0J) ES;D aESmzvS,yf u

JG si;f y&modhk vmMupOf? (,m) rGe;f vGJ (1) em&DrS (2) em&D acwÅ&yfem;csed w
f iG f
(0J) vlrsK;d pku, k ifpmG jzif?h (,m) ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG Ny;D qH;k rnfn
kd pf m;vS,rf sm; pHv U wGif ud,
k pf m;vS,af wmfrsm;tm; uyGrJ sm;jzifU *kPjf yK{nfcU MH uavonf
atmifjrifpmG usi;f yNy;D qH;k aemuf? bGEYJ iS ;f obifcef;rrS wuotaqmuftODohkd csw
D ufvmMupOf
600
w½kwjf ynfoo
Yl r®wEkid if ?H ,leefjynfe,fomG ; 601
&efuek w
f uúov
kd f ausmif;om;cspMf unfa&; rdwq f uftzG0YJ ifrsm;ESiUf
w½kwt f rsK;d om;? trsK;d oD;® rsm;
ulrif;a[mfw,fa½Y w S iG f ½ku
d uf ;l xm;pOf

tcef; (22)

'Dru
kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY
trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f
(1959 rS 1960)
(u) 1959-60 wuoa½G;aumufyJG

1958 tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxufwGif ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&rsm;rSm rsm;pGmjyóem wufcJhavonf/
1958-59 wuoOuú|opf usr;f opömused q f ykd üJG zqyvu Adv k cf sKyfBuD;ae0if;tpd;k &tm; tmPmvTaJ jymif;ay;cJjh cif;udk
wuoonf oabmxm;rsm;xkwfjyefaMunm uefYuGufcJhavonf/ tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;oydwfta&;udk
OD;aqmifraI y;cJ\ h / ausmif;pnf;urf;udt k aMumif;jyKí tEÅ&m,fay;vmrnft h csuu f kd uefYuu G cf o
hJ nf/ 1958 wuúov kd f
Oya'jyifqifcsuftwGuf xdcu kd cf sufrsm;udk azmfxw k w f ifjycJo h nf/ ausmif;ydwcf geD;wGif ]or*¾Ouú| udck ifarmiftek ;f ?
trIaqmif udzk ;kd omab;wdt hk m; zrf;qD;í udu k ;kd uRe;f odyhk o
hkd nf? or*¾'-k Ouú| udb k aumif;ESiUf twGi;f a&;rSL; udck ifatmifwhkd
wdrf;a½Smifae&onf/} 1958 wuúodkvftufOya'jyifqifcsuft& wuo udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD;tm;
jzKwfypfco hJ nf/ or*¾u, kd pf m;vS,yf gaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDuv kd nf; zsuo f rd ;f cJ\
h / 1954-55 ckrpS í aumufcH
ay;cJhaom or*¾0ifaMu;udk ausmif;om;wdkif;xHrS aumufray;? tcGifhta&;[lorQ ½kyfodrf;oGm;cJhonf/ or*¾udk
tzufzufrSNzdKzsuf&ef vHk;yef;cJhMuonf/ or*¾rsm; rNydKysuf? ausmif;om;tiftm; ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIjzifh &yfwnf
vsuf ½Scd o hJ nf/? ausmif;aqmifae&mcsxm;a&;rlukd qefYusifuefYuu G af om rD;wkwu f ikd q
f E´jyyG?J rD;rSw
d q
f E´jyyGrJ sm;jzifh
zdESdyfrIBuD; rem;onfhMum;u vIyf½Sm;aecJhonf/
1958-59 ckESpf or*¾ tvkyftpnf;ta0;tm; wuotwGuf rSwfwdkifw&yf jzpfapcJhonf/ or*¾Ouú|
udkudk;uRef; a&mufaeonf? or*¾'k-Ouú| a½Smifwdrf;ae&onf? odkYaomf or*¾tvkyftpnf;ta0;udkum; tcuftcJ
Mum;rS usif;yEdik cf ohJ nf/ wuoa½G;aumufyt JG wGuf a½G;aumufyt JG &m½Scd efYum jyifqifEikd cf jhJ cif;? or*¾ukd qufvuf
&yfwnfEikd af pcJo h nf/ or*¾ yxrESpyf wfvnfa½G;aumufyu JG kd taESmift h ,Suaf y;ao;\/ ausmif;om;wdYk tm; ausmif;
xkwx f m;jcif;udk y,fzsuEf ikd cf o
hJ nf/ or*¾Ouú|opf usr;f opömused q f ykd uJG kd xdpk Ofu tmPmrJjh zpfaom oefY½iS ;f zqyv
Ouú| OD;Eku jyKvkyfay;cJhonf/
or*¾Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJNyD;aemuf or*¾trIaqmiftzGJUtm; rD;wkwfudkif qE´jycJhonfhtwGuf
602
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif
awmif;yef&rnf[k qufvuftusyfudkifvmonf/ or*¾trIaqmiftzGJUonf tcsdefumvtajctaersm;udk Munfh½I

avhvmonf/ or*¾wnfwHh&yfwnfEdkifa&;udk tav;teufxm;Muonf/ or*¾trIaqmiftzGJUu awGUqHkaqG;aEG;ajz
½Sif;&ef qHk;jzwfrI jyKcJh&avonf/ 1960 ck vTwfawmfa½G;aumufyGJ usif;yí OD;Ek acgif;aqmifaom jynfaxmifpk
ygwD tpd;k &tzGUJ jzpfvmonf/ wuúov kd f t"dywd Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfu vdu
k af vsmrIay;ojzifh ausmif;om; awmif;qdk
csufta&; ajyat;cJhonf/ zrf;qD;um udkudk;uRef;ydkYcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; vGwfcJh&onf/ a½Smifwdrf;aeaom
ausmif;om;rsm;onfvnf; w&m;0if&yfwnfcGifh &½SdcJhMuayawmhonf/
1959-60 wuotrIaqmifrsm;rSm
udkvSwif Ouú|
udkpdef0if; 'k-Ouú|
udkAaqGav; aiGxdef;
udkndK0if; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
udkjroef; wGJbuf-taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh jyefMum;a&;XmerSL;
udkausmfvIdif EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
udkudkMunf vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
udkatmif0if; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;
rcifcifapm tdk;a0wm0efcH
udkatmifodrf;Edkif pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(c) td;k a0r*¾Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efccH surf sm;

1959 ckESpf yHkESdyfxkwfa0olrsm; (rSwfyHkwif) tufOya' yk'fr 7 (1) t& ay;tyfaom 0efcHcsufrsm;
atmufwGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;ol uRefawmf ------------- onf 1959 ckESpf? yHkEdSyfolrsm;ESifh xkwfa0ol
rsm; (rSwyf wkH if) tufOya'\ 'kw, d Z,m;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh atmufyg0efccH surf sm;ESit hf nD wm0ef,al qmif½u G &f ef
uwd0efcHcsufjyKygonf/
(u) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'wGifyg½Sdaom rlvtcGifhta&;rsm;udk ysufjym;ap&ef
MuH½G,faom? odkYwnf;r[kwf ysufjym;rnfhtaMumif; jzpfay:apaom rnfonfh tMuHay;rI? wdkufwGef;rI? vIHUaqmfrI?
tm;ay;rI? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYrIrsKd;udkrqdk rnfonfhtcgrQ rjyKvkyfyg/
(c) bmoma&;qdik &f m ud;k uG,rf u I akd omfvnf;aumif;? ,HMk unfru
I akd omfvnf;aumif; rnfonht f cgrQ rykwcf wf?
odkYwnf;r[kwf r½Iwfcsyg/
(*) EdkifiHa&;tmPmudk vufeufjzifhodrf;,l&ef rnfonfha½SU½Icsuf? odkYwnf;r[kwf usifhoHk;csufrsKd;udkrqdk
rnfonfhtcgrQ axmufcHjcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;? vIHUaqmfjcif;? tm;ay;jcif;? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif; rjyKyg/
(C) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif rnfodkYaomEdkifiHa&; tmPm½SifpepfrsKd;udkrqdk a½SU½I&ef? wnfaxmif&ef
odkwnf;r[kwf usifhoHk;&ef? rnfonfhtcgrQ axmufcHjcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif; rjyKyg/
(i) twdkuftcH EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; xm;½SdcGifhjyKaom ygvDref'Drdkua&pDpepfudk ysufjym;ap&ef MuH½G,f
aom? odkYwnf;r[kwf ysufjym;rnfhtaMumif; jzpfay:apaom rnfonfhtMuHay;rI? wdkufwGef;rI? vIHUaqmfrI? tm;ay;rI?
odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsdrIrsKd;udkrqdk rnfonfhtcgrQ rjyKyg/
(p) vQKdU0Suf&JtzGJU (Secret Police) zGJUpnf;í pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfonfhpepfrsKd; wnfaxmifjcif;udkaomfvnf; aumif;?
wnfaxmif&ef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwjf cif;udak omfvnf;aumif; rnfonft h cgrQ tMuHay;jcif;? vIUH aqmfjcif;? wduk wf eG ;f jcif;?
axmufcHjcif;? tm;ay;jcif; odkUwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif; rjyKyg/
(q) tjcm;EdkifiHwckckrS jzpfap? EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;xHrS jzpfap? &efykHaiGtwGuf aiGaMu;? odkYwnf;r[kwf ypönf;
tultnD taxmuftyHu h kd rSwyf w
kH iftmPmydik \ f BudKwifoabmwlciG jhf yKcsufr&bJ wduk ½f ukd jf zpfap? oG,0f u
kd jf zpfap
rnfonfhtcgrQvufcHjcif; rjyKyg/
(Z) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'\rlrsm;udk qefYusifaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;
rsm;udk rnfonfhtcgrQ axmufcHjcif;? tm;ay;jcif;? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif;rjyKyg/
rSwfcsuf- tdk;a0r*¾Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efcHcsuf rl&if;udk pmrsufESm (637) wGifMunfhyg/
603
txufyg0efcHcsufrsm;twdkif; xm0pOfvdkufem&ef wm0ef,lygonf/
tdk;a0wm0efcH
&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾
wuotaqmuftOD? &efukefwuúodkvf
(rSwfcsuf- 1959-60? twJG (1)? trSwf (10)? tdk;a0r*¾Zif;rS 0efcHcsufudk jyefvnfwdkufqdkif ul;,lazmfjyonf/)
(*) rGejf ynfe,fazmfxw

k af &;twGuf &efuek w
f uúov
kd rf eG af usmif;om;rsm; oabmxm;
,aeY rGew f rsK;d om;vH;k \ pdwq f E´jyif;jyaeMuonfh jyóemrsm;? rGejf ynfe,fazmfxw k af &; (0g) rGejf ynfe,f
&,la&; jyóemyifjzpfonf/ jynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;onf jynfaxmifpktwGif;½Sd rsm;jym;aomwm0eftcsKdUudk cGJa0
ulnDxrf;aqmifjcif;? ½kdif;yif;jcif;? 0dkif;0ef;aqmif½Gufjcif; ponfh oabmrsm;yif jzpfavonf/ jynfe,fwck
ay;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh jynfaxmifpk\ tiftm;NydKuGJjcif;? pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI ysufjym;jcif; ponfrsm;udk zefwD;
ay;Edkifonfh oabmw&m;rsm; ay:aygufrIr½SdaMumif;udkvnf; ½Srf;? csif;? ucsif? u&if? u,m;ponfh jynf
e,frsm;udk azmfxw k af y;xm;onfuyifvQif cdik rf maomom"uw&yftaejzifh wnf½adS eonfomru jynfaxmifpk
pdwf"gwf ydkrdkcdkifjrJwdk;wufonfh tvm;tvmrsm; ½SdaeaMumif;udkvnf; txift½Sm; awGUjrifEdkifayonf/
rGefwrsKd;om;vHk;\ qE´jzpfaom rGefjynfe,f&,la&; (0g) azmfxkwfa&;udk yxptzGJU Ouú|BuD;jzpfaom
0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf wBudrfru rGefvlxkrsm;tm; uwday;cJhonfudk yxptpdk;&\ t"duvkyfief;pOf rlw&yfjzpf
aMumif; uREkfyfwdkY tav;teuf ,HkMunfrdonf/ Ouú|BuD;\ uwdESifhtnD rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;udpt ö wGuf
tMuHay;tzGJUBuD;tm; wm0efvTJtyfvdkuf&mwGif rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;ESifh ywfoufaomqE´rsm; avhvmjcif;?
pkpH rf;ppfaq;jcif; vkyif ef;wdYk onf qufvufvyk af qmifomG ;&ef rvdt k yfawmh? trSet f m;jzifth MuHay;tzGUJ BuD;onf
rGefjynfe,fudk rnfyHkay;rnf? rnfodkY taumiftxnfazmfrnf? rnfonfha'oudk rGefjynfe,ftwGif; xnfhoGif;
owfrSwfoifhonfudkom pHkprf;&efom vdktyfayonf/
jynfe,fwck azmfxw k af &;ü vlxrk q
J E´tm;jzifU tqH;k tjzwfay;aomrlonf 'Dru kd a&pDa&mifjcnfoef;aeouJo U hkd
xif&aomfvnf; trSet f m;jzifU wtlwq kH if; uREykf wf rhkd eG t
f csi;f csi;f tm; aoG;uGaJ paompepfq;kd jzpfaMumif; tcdik t f rm
,HkMunfonf/ ¤if;pepfonf e,fcsJYt*Fvdyfwdkhu usifUoHk;cJUaom pepfa[mif;pepfaqG; r[kwfygavm/
trSet f m;jzifh wdik ;f jynfBuD;wcktm; vGwv f yfa&;ay;jcif; jzpfap? wdik ;f jynfi,frsm;tm; jynfe,fcaJG y;onf
jzpfap? vlxkrJqE´jzifh qHk;jzwf½dk;xHk;pHvnf; r½Sd? tpOftvmvnf; r[kwfay/ txufazmfjycJhaom ½Srf;? ucsif?
u&if? u,m;? csi;f jynfe,frsm; ay;cJph Oftcsed t f cgu vlxrk q J Eúkd toH;k jyKcJjh cif;r½Sad omrlukd rGejf ynfe,fazmfxw k f
a&; udpu ö srSom toH;k jyKjcif;onf tvGerf oifah wmf ravsmfuefaom rlq;kd jzpfaMumif; uREfyk w f Ykd ,MkH unfrad yonf/
NyD;cJhaom taxGaxGa½G;aumufyGJwGif rGefvlxkw&yfvHk;u wdusjywfom;pGm rGefjynfe,fvdkvm;aMumif;
tjyif;tjyqE´jycJNh yD; wqufwnf;yif &efuek Nf rdKU½Sd rGeaf cgif;aqmifvBl uD;rsm;? rGeaf 'o½Sd rGet f iftm;pktoD;oD;wdYk
uvnf; tpdk;&tMuHay;tzGJUBuD;tm; waoG;woHwnf;? rGefjynfe,f&,la&;udkom jyif;jyaomqE´jzifh wcJeuf
ajzMum; awmif;qdkcJhonf/
xdak Mumifh rGew f rsK;d om;vH;k \qE´jzpfaom rGejf ynfe,f azmfxw k af &;jyóemudo k m tvsit f jref azmfxwk f
ay;oifhonf[k uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunfxm;onfhtwdkif; vmrnfh 1960 ck? Mo*kwfvtwGif; usif;yrnfh bwf*sufygvD
refwGif oufqdkif&mtpdk;&tzGJUrS rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&; Oya'Murf;w&yfudk tcsdefrDwifoGif; owfrSwfay;&ef
uREfkyfwdkY &efukefwuúodkvf rGefausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;u tav;teufawmif;qdktyfygonf/
trIaqmiftzGYJ
&efukefwuúodkvfrGeftoif;
&efukef
604
(C) jrefrm&mZ0ifta&;
&efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS aemufqufwpJG mar;yGt J a&;? jrefrm&mZ0ifo;D jcm;oifa&;ESihf 0&rf;
xkwfcHxm;&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;twGuf ZGefv (24) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf
ESifh oGm;a&muf awGUqHkaqG;aEG; awmif;qdkcJhygonf/
xdak qG;aEG;yGw J iG f aemufqufwpJG mar;yGJ usi;f ya&;ESiyhf wfoufí wuorS Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyftm; ynma&;
tajctaeaumif;rGefí ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJtatmifrsm;ygu wuúodkvfpmar;yGJwckom ½SdoifhaMumif;? odkYaomf
wuúov kd w f iG f ynma&;tajctae aumif;rGev f matmif rvkyEf ikd bf J pmar;yGw
J ckwnf;om usi;f yojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;
pmBudK;pm;aomfvnf; pmar;yGJtusrsm;í epfem&aMumif;/ ,cifESpfpmar;yGJrsm;\ atmifcsuf&mcdkifEIef; rrDaMumif;?
jyKjyifajymif;vJvdkufaom ynma&;pepfwckonf ausmif;om;rsm;udk tusKd;jyKap&rnfhomjzpfNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;
epfemxdcu kd rf I rjzpftyfaMumif;? odYk aomf ausmif;om;rsm; epfemae&ojzifh aemufqufwpJG mar;yGJ jyKvkyaf y;oifah Mumif;
tus,fw0ifh wifjycJhygonf/
Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfuvnf; xdt k a&;ESiyhf wfoufí ¤if;oabmxm;udk wuo trIaqmifrsm;tm; jyefvnf
aqG;aEG;ojzifh t,ltqcsif; zvS,fEdkifcJhonf/ aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJusif;ya&;udk qD;edwftzGJUodkY wifjyay;rnf[k
jyefMum;vdkufygonf/ odkYaomf wuoESifh or*¾toD;oD;rS awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; 29? 6? 60 &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom
qD;edwftpnf;ta0;rS aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ rusif;yay;awmh[k qHk;jzwfvdkufaMumif; xkwfjyef aMunmcJhonf/
jrefrm&mZ0ifudkvnf; ausmif;om;xktm; vSnfhpm;onfhoabm trnfajymif;½Hkom ajymif;ay;cJhonf/ odkYtwGuf
or*¾rsm;u jrefrm&mZ0ifudpu ö dkvnf; qD;edwfrS rvdkufavsmhcJhaMumif; xif½Sm;onf[k ,lqayonf/ þjyóemrsm;
omru wef;cGJwef;cspepfudkyg qD;edwfrS xyfrHtwnfjyKvdkuf jyefonf/
xdktcg ausmif;om;xkonf wcJeuftHk<uum 29? 6? 60 &ufaeYn ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmvSjrifh\
aetdrfodkY 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhMuonf/ ygarmu©csKyfonf ausmif;om;xk\ a½SUarSmufwGif atmufygtcsuf (2) csufudk
uwday;cJhonf/
1/ qD;edwf txl;tpnf;ta0; ac:ay;&ef t"dywdodkY wdkufwGef;ay;rnf/
2/ qD;edwf txl;tpnf;ta0;wGif ausmif;om;xk\ qE´bufrS rdrd&yfwnfí awmif;qdkay;rnf/
odkYaomf aemufwaeYreufwGif ygarmu©csKyfonf wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh awGUqHk&mü tav;teuf
ay;cJhaom uwdrsm;udk rddrdodu©mudkyif rapmifhxdef;awmhonfhtvm; y,fzsufcJhjyefonf/ xdktcsdefü tpdk;&ESifh ausmif;
om;xkrSm qufqHa&; ajyvnfvsuf½Sdonf/ ¤if;tajctaeudk ysufjym;atmif ygarmu©csKyfu vkyfaqmifaeouJhodkY
½Sdonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;\ vIyf½Sm;rIrsm; jzpfay:vmayonf/ qE´jyMu&m-
- aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ usif;yay;a&;
- jrefrm&mZ0if oD;jcm;oifay;a&;
- tpdk;&ESifU ausmif;om;xkqufqHa&; ysufjym;atmifrvkyfeJh
- ausmif;om;xkqE´ rkcsatmif&rnf
(i) wuo? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKy?f &uowdOhk ;D pD;usi;f yaom ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;tqdrk sm;

1/ tar&duefpGufzufrIESifh autrfwDusL;ausmfrIudk jynfolvlxkBuD;u rsufajcrysuf qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&ef
2/ tMurf;zufrI ½Iwfcsa&;tqdk-
(u) azazmf0g&Dv (21) &ufaeY vli,f? ausmif;om;? trsKd;orD;ESifh jynfolvlxkqE´jyyGJwGif yxptpdk;&u
tMurf;zuf ESdrfeif;jcif;udk ½IwfcsaMumif;/
(c) qE´jyyGJESifhywfoufí zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;tm; tjrefvTwfay;&ef/
(*) qE´jyyGJü (2) OD;aoqHk;í tajrmuftrsm;'Pf&m&jcif;twGuf wm0ef½Sd jynfxJa&;0efBuD;? w&m;olBuD;
ESifh wm0ef½Sdaom &JtzGJU0ifrsm;tm; ta&;,l&ef/
3/ yk'fr (144) udk tjrefqHk;½kyfodrf;&ef/
605
(p) q|rtBurd af jrmuf ArmEdik if v

H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGUJ csKyf nDvmcH
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH q|rtBudrfudk wuotaqmuftODü 1960
ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (20) &ufaeYrS (22) &ufxd usif;ycJhonf/ ¤if;nDvmcHodkY q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;u
o0PfvTmay;ydkY&mwGif-
q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;\ o0PfvTm
q&marwÅma½SYxm;vsuf o0PfvTmyg;vdkuf&ayonf/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾tzGJYcsKyf\ (6) Budrfajrmuf
nDvmcHobmywdESifUwuG ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkh-
,aeYrSpí usif;yjyKvkyfvsuf½Sdaom armifwdkY\ausmif;om;rsm; nDvmcHobifBuD;udk atmifjrifNyD;ajrmuf
onftxd aqG;aEG;usif;yEdkif&ef q&mtav;teuf qkawmif;arwåmydkYovdkufygonf/
,if;odkY qkawmif;arwåmydkYoNyD;aemuf q&mtenf;i,fqufvufí trSmpum;a&;om;ay;ydkYvdkufonfrSm
q&mwdkY jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif tem*wfwdkif;oljynfom;wdkY\ aumif;usKd;csrf;omtwGuf tbufbufu pGrf;
aqmifEdkifrnfholrsm;wGif armifwdkYausmif;om;wdkYonf t"duyk*d¾Kvfrsm; jzpfMuayonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUvufatmufrS
jrefrmEdik if v
H w G af jrmufa&;twGuf ESv;kH &nf? vuf½;kH &nf trsKd;rsKd;wdu k yf q
JG if&mwGif 1920 ckEpS f ausmif;om;ta&;awmf
yHkBuD;onf txufjrwfqHk;ESifh tcdkiftrmqHk; vufeufBuD;ozG,f jzpfcJhayonf/ ,aeYjrefrmEdkifiHonf txufyg
ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;udk tajccHum vGwfvyfa&;&½Sd aMunmEdkifcJhNyDjzpfaomfvnf; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\
ynmoifMum;a&;qdkif&mwGif rjynfh0rajyjypf½Sdvsufyif ae&ao;aMumif; q&mMum;od&ayonf/ trSefpifppf ,if;odkY
jzpf&jcif;rSm t&if;ppftjrpfajru qdkouJhodkY q&mwdkYwdkif;jynfwGif (12) ESpfausmfrQ jynfwGif;ppfjzpfae&aomaMumifh
jzpfonf[k ,lq&ayonf/
odYk jzpf&m Nidr;f csrf;pGmynmoifMum;vdok rl sm;? pD;yGm;Opömudk Nidr;f csrf;pGmvkyuf ikd ½f mS azGvokd rl sm; ponfh jynfol
w&yfv;kH udk jynfwiG ;f ppf &yfpNJ idr;f csr;f &efuv
kd nf; wwfEikd o f rQBudK;yrf;&efvakd yonf/ armifwYkdausmif;om;rsm; taeESihf
vnf; 0dkif;0ef;BudK;yrf;Mu&efvdkonf[k q&mxifjrifayonf/
þuJhodkY Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk pkaygif;BudK;yrf;Mu&if; rdrdwdkYynmoifMum;a&;rsm;twGufudkvnf; qdkif&m rdb?
q&mwdkYESifh twwfEdkifqHk; nDñGwfrQwpGmjzifh aqmif½GufoifMum;oGm;&efudkvnf; EId;aqmfwdkufwGef;vdkayonf/
ed*;kH csKyftaejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf jrefrmEdik if t H em*wfumvwGif om,m0ajyma&;twGuf acgif;aqmif
rIay;Edik &f ef? wzufryS nma&;udk rdbq&mwdYk EiS hf rQwnDñw G pf mG BudK;yrf;oifMum;vsuf wzufrv S nf; jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpJ
Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf 0dkif;0ef;BudK;yrf;Mu&ef q&mxyfrH wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfvdkuf&ayonf/
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ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;
obmywd udkaZmf0if; rdefYcGef;ajymMum;&mwGif-

obmywd udak Zmf0if;rdechf eG ;f
{nfUonfawmfrsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;ESifU &Jabmfudk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;? avUvmolrsm;cifAsm;-
AuotzGJUcsKyf (6) Budrfajrmuf nDvmcHBuD;udk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkifa&;twGuf <uvmaom e,fajrtoD;
oD;rS nDtpfuakd wmf ausmif;om;rdwaf qGrsm;tm; trIaqmiftzGUJ ud, k pf m; uRefawmftaeeJY c&D;OD;BudKqdí
k *kPjf yKaMumif;
azmfjyyg&ap/
jyóemaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGmeJY tcuftcJaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGmwdYk ukd ausmfveG jf zwfoef;NyD;? tckvkd usif;yEdik w f hJ
nDvmcHBuD;[m jrefrmEdkifiHynma&;vIyf½Sm;rI &mZ0ifrSm xif½Sm;xl;jcm;vsuf ½Sdaeygvdrfhr,f/ (4) ESpfwdkifwdkif nDvmcH
rac:qdEk ikd cf yhJ J tckru
S sif;y&jcif;aMumifh rsm;jym;vSaom ausmif;om;vIy½f mS ;rI tawGUtMuHKaumif;rsm;udk pkaygif;ES;D aESm
zvS,&f mnDvmcHBuD;jzpfygw,f/ 'Dnv D mcHBuD;rSmyg0ifMuwJh ud,k pf m;vS,ef YJ avhvmolrsm;? wuoor*¾rsm;? pnf;½H;k
a&;aumfrwDrsm;? wef;cGw J ef;cswduk yf 0JG if aumfrwD0ifrsm;rS jzpfMuvdYk ydík <u,f0aom tawGUtMuHK½SMd urSm jzpfygw,f/
nDvmcHtwGif;rSm nD&if;tpfudkwrQ yGifhvif;&if;ESD;pGm aqG;aEG;wdkifyifa0zefppfaq;MuzdkY? oifcef;pmaumif;rsm;½SmazG
606
MuzdkY? a½SUausmif;om;tusKd;jyK ynma&;wm0efrsm;twGufrS rSefuefwdusaom ynma&;vkyfief;pOfw&yfudk pkaygif;

csrSwfEdkifa&; &nf½G,fMuzdkY wdkufwGef;yefMum;vdkygw,f/ txl;ojzifh ynma&;wdkufyGJ? ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIwdkYESifh
ywfoufaom oabmxm;rsm;? t,ltqrsm;udk taumif;qH;k aom vrf;ñTerf w I &yftaeeJY &,lEikd zf Ykd vdt k yfygvdrrhf ,f/
'DaeY uRefawmfwYkd vkyu f ikd af eMuwJw
h m0ef[m vGecf ahJ omtESpf (40) umv ynma&;vIy&f ½Sm;rI&UJ tquft
EG,jf zpfNyD; rNyD;qH;k ao;wJh 'Dru kd a&pDynma&; vkyif ef;wm0efyjJ zpfygw,f/ 1920 ckEpS rf mS armfueG ;f 0if trsK;d om;atmifyJG
aeYBuD;udk arG;zGm;cJhNyD; tESpf (100) ausmf uRefjyKcJhwJh t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;wdkYudk yxrqHk; qefYusifawmfvSefcJhwJh
trsKd;om;vGwv f yfa&;vIy½f mS ;rIBuD; pwifcjhJ cif; jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh uRefynma&;? udv k ekd yD nma&;rS
ocifynma&;? trsKd;om;ynma&;odYk ul;ajymif;a&; wm0ef½o dS vdk jynforl b d rsm;rSmvnf; uRefp;D yGm;a&;? udv k ekd pD ;D yGm;
a&;rS ocifpD;yGm;a&; trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&;odkY ul;ajymif;a&; wm0ef½SdcJhygw,f/ 'DwlnDrI (2) &yf[m yl;aygif;rdcJhwJh
tjyif ausmif;om;rsm;taeESihf trsK;d om;ynma&;&,la&;[m Edik if v H w G v
f yfa&;jyóemeJY cGcJ mG vdYk r&bl;vdYk em;vnfcMhJ u
w,f/ 'gaMumifh 1938 ckESpf 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkBuD; ay:aygufcJh&w,f/ 1941 ckESpf t*Fvdyftm; jrefrmhajrrS
armif;xkwcf &hJ w,f/ 1945 ckEpS f zufqpfqefYusiaf &; jrefrmajrrS armif;xkwaf &;udk qufvufwu kd yf JG qifcMhJ uwm[m
vGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf tJG qifq h ifrh sm; jzpfMuygw,f/ ausmif;om;rsm;taeeJY 'Dvw G vf yfa&;vIy½f mS ;rIwavQmufrmS wuf<u
pGm yg0ifcJhwJh &mZ0iftpOftvm ½SdcJhygw,f/
1948 ck vGwfvyfa&; aMunmNyD;aemuf trsKd;om;wnfaqmufa&; wm0efrsm;eJYtwl trsKd;om;ynma&;
wm0ef[m 'GefwGJygvmcJhvdkY ausmif;om;xktaeeJY 'Dwm0efudk qufvufxrf;aqmif&if; ,aeY uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m
vnf; a&mufwJhae&mu rwnfrNidrfjzpfaeao;wJh trsKd;om;ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;wm0efudk qufvuf xrf;
aqmifae&jcif; jzpfygw,f/
'g[m rsuaf rSmuftqifh ynma&;vrf;ñTerf I jzpfaeygw,f/ 'Doabmxm;awGukd taumiftxnfazmfae&wJh
Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfacgif;aqmifrI[m cdkifrmvsuf½Sdaewm[mvnf; tpOftvmt&wm0efausyGefwJh pnf;½Hk;a&;acgif;
aqmifrIaMumifh jzpfygw,f/ 1920 ckESpf? 1928-1929 ckESpf trsKd;om;ynma&; wdkufyGJrsm;Mum;rSm 1936 ckESpf
ajymif;vJrrI mS Auo (A.B.S.U) XmecsKyfukd tkwjf rpfcsEikd cf yhJ gw,f/ AuoXmecsKyf[m ajymif;vJvm&wJh tajctaersm;
eJYtwl vGwv f yfa&;aMunmNyD; (3) ESpaf jrmuf 1951 ckEpS ?f Mo*kwv f (15) &ufaeYrmS Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf (A.B.F.S.U)
udk wnfaxmifEdkif cJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/
Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf[m trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&; xdef;odrf;a&;wm0efBuD;udk aqmif½Guf&if; ynma&;jyKjyif
ajymif;vJa&;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;wm0efrsm;
wdkYudk qufvufxrf;aqmifEdkifcJhygw,f/ 1956 ckESpf or*¾rsm;zsufodrf;ypfwJh zqyvtpdk;&trdefYudk qefYusif&if;
or*¾rsm; vGwv f yfpmG zGUJ pnf;cGi?hf ynma&;vGwv f yfciG t
hf wGuf t"duwm0ef,l aqmif½u G cf yhJ gw,f/ 1958 ck oefY½iS ;f
zqyv tpdk;&vufxufrSm tpdk;&eJY wGJzufvkyfaqmifrI&,lcJhNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; usif;ycJh
ygw,f/ ausmif;jyifyor*¾awGtm;vH;k w&m;0if todtrSwjf yKEdik cf iG &hf cJNh yD; ausmif;om;or*¾wnfwyhH ikd cf iG ehf YJ zsuford ;f
a&;trdeYf ½kyo f rd ;f a&;twGuf 0efBuD;csKyfO;D EkeYJ aqG;aEG;&mü 0efBuD;csKyfu obmywdvyk af ewJh ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwD
rSm pmwrf;wifxm;apzdkYeJY pHkprf;rIaumfrwDrSm qufvufaqG;aEG;zdkY tpDtpOfrsm;txd jzpfcJhygw,f/ 'gayrJh 1959
ckESpfrS 1960 ckESpfwdkifatmif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tm; ygvDref'Drdkua&pDudkyif qefYusifNyD; a½G;aumufyGJrvkyfbJ tmPm
vTJajymif;ay;vdkuf&wmeJYtwl wdkif;jynfeJYwuG ynma&;avmurSm rdk;arSmifuscJh&w,f? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG
tzrf;cH&? udkudk;uRef;tydkYcH&? 0&rf;xkwfcH&wJh zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIaygif;pHk &ifqdkifcJh&wm tm;vkH;odNyD;ygyJ/ 1960 ck
azazmf0g&DvxJrSm ausmif;om;awG rdbjynfolawG&JU pnf;½Hk;rItiftm;eJY qEáMumifh ygvDref'Drdkua&pD vrf;yGifhNyD;
yxptpdk;&jyefwufvmwJhtcgrSm usaemfwdkY&JU 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;tcsKdUudk jyefvnf&½SdcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;acgif;
aqmifawG vGwfvyfpGm vIyf½Sm;aeEdkifcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;or*¾awG jyefvnfzGJUpnf;EdkifcJhw,f/ cktzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHudk
ac:qdkaeEdkifjcif;vnf; jzpfw,f/
Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf[m e,fcsUJ NAdwo d Qtpd;k &acwf Auoacgif;aqmifrI tquftEG,jf zpfNyD; ausmif;om;xk&UJ
udk,fpm;jyK&m ausmif;om;xkydkif tzGJUtpnf;w&yftaeeJY acgif;aqmifrIudk qufvufay;aewm jzpfw,fvdkY em;vnf
oabmaygufMu&ef jzpfw,f/
ynma&;oabmxm;eJY tzGUJ csKyftaetxm;wdYkukd wifjyNyD;wJah emuf nDvmcHac:qd&k wJt h aMumif;udk ajymMum;
yg&ap/
1956 ck atmufwb kd mvrSm yÍörtBudraf jrmufnv D mcHac:qdck &hJ mrSm tifrwefus,jf yefYwhJ ausmif;om;ud, k f
607
pm;vS,af wmfrsm;? avhvmolrsm; yg0ifcyhJ gw,f/ zqyvtpd;k &&JU or*¾zsuford ;f a&;trdeYf ukd uefYuu G &f if; or*¾rsm;
wnfwchH ikd jf rJa&;eJY ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf trsKd;om;a&;aqG;aEG;yGBJ uD; jzpfajrmufa&;? Nidr;f csrf;pGm ynmoif
Mum;Edkifa&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk nDvmcHBuD;rSm csrSwfEdkifcJhygw,f/ azmfjywJh ynma&;wm0ef&yfrsm;udk acgif;aqmifNyD;
taumiftxnfazmfzdkY twGuf uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJUudk vTJtyfcJhygw,f/
nDvmcHNyD;wJah emufyikd ;f rSm cufcw J chJ sKyfcs,frrI sm;wJh vrf;c&D;udk jzwfoef;&jcif;jzpfvYkd ESppf Ofnv D mcH ac:,l&
rSm jzpfayrJh rusif;yEdkifcJhygbl;/ 1957 ckESpf rEÅav;rSm yxrOD;pD;nDvmcHeJY 1958 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfrSm
'kwd,wdk;csJU OD;pD;nDvmcH xyfac:EdkifcJhw,f/ vkyfief;awGtay:rSm ppfaq;wm? a0zefwm? a½SUvkyfief;pOfawG twGuf
jyifqifwmawGudk vkyfEdkifcJhNyD; 'DaeYnDvmcHuGef*&uf ac:qdkEdkifwmjzpfygw,f/
1957 ck zqyvtpdk;&? 1958 ck zqyvtuGJ oefY½Sif;tpdk;&? 1959 ck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&? 1960
ckESpf yxp oefY½Sif;zqyvtpdk;&qdkwJh EdkifiHtkyfcsKyfa&; ajymif;vJrItrsKd;rsKd;rSm tzGJUcsKyfwm0efrsm;udk xdef;odrf;vkyf
aqmifcJhwmrdkY or*¾rsm;&JU tqifhtaetxm;& trsKd;rsKd;ajymif;vJcJh&ygw,f/
or*¾wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&; wdkufyGJwavQmuf 1957 ckESpftwGif;rSm ausmif;olâusmif;om;aygif; (20) ausmf
tzrf;cH&NyD;? ausmif;olâusmif;om;aygif; (300) eD;yg; ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&wJhxd &Jabmfrsm;[m wm0efudkra½SmifbJ
vkyfaqmifMucJhygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYeJY jynfolawG nDñGwfvmwJhtcg? oabmxm;awmif;qdkrIawG rSefuefwJhtcg
vIyf½Sm;rIt½SdefMoZmaMumifh 1958 ckESpf oefY½Sif;zqyvtkyfcsKyfa&;rSm tzrf;cH&olawG jyefvTwfay;cJh&w,f/ ausmif;
xkwfxm;olawG ausmif;jyefoGif;ay;cJh&w,f/ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIawG ½kwfodrf;ay;vm&w,f/
&mZ0ifrmS rMuHKbl;ao;wJh 1958 ckEpS f Mo*kwv f ausmif;om;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; usif;yEdik cf NhJ yD; or*¾awG
w&m;0if&yfwnfciG ?hf or*¾*P k o f u d m© awGukd jrifrh m;atmif vkypf rG ;f Edik cf yhJ gw,f/ a½SUrSmqufvufNyD; 'D atmifjrifraI wGukd
taumiftxnfazmfzdkY jyifqifae&if; uRefawmfwdkYwawG yDuif;NrdKUawmfrSm usif;ywJh urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾
tzGJUcsKyf uGef*&ufrS jyefra&mufrD EdkifiHa&;tajctaeajymif;vJNyD; ppftpdk;& wufvmcJhygw,f/ wygwnf; ynma&;
avmurSm ppfrkefwdkif;awG xefcJhw,f/ EdkifiHeJYt0Srf; usD;vefYpmpm; ocFsKdif;wpjyifvdk jzpfae&pOfrSm usefae&pfcJhwJh
trIaqmifrsm;[m or*¾wm0ef&yfawGudk qufvufacgif;aqmifcJh&ygw,f/ or*¾qdkwmudk tpwkef;ZD0defcsKyfatmif
vkyfcJhwJh tEÅ&m,fudk [efYwm;EdkifcJhwJh BuD;rm;aomwm0efudk ,lEdkifcJhygw,f/ txl;ojzifh wuúodkvf? aumvdyfor*¾
awGrSm a½G;aumufyGJawG jzpfajrmufcJhw,f/ or*¾vIyf½Sm;rIawG vkyfaqmifcJhwm[m or*¾&JUacgif;aqmifrI tquf
rjywfwmudk oufaocHjcif;ygyJ/
{nfUonfawmfrsm;? udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;eJh avhvmolrsm;cifAsm;-
trsK;d om;ynma&; wnfaqmufa&;vkyif ef;awGrmS wuf<upGmwm0ef,v l yk af qmifcv
hJ Ykd atmifjrifpmG usi;f yEdik f
cJhwJh 1958 ck? Mo*kwfv ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rSm or*¾awG[m wcrf;wem;yg0ifcJhNyD; tzGJUcsKyf
&Jabmfrsm;[m wm0efausyeG pf mG ,lcw hJ ,f/ uReyf nma&;rS trsK;d om;ynma&;udk ul;ajymif;Edik af &;wm0efawG[m rNyD;qH;k
ao;ygbl;/ pyful;ryful;umvrSm rwnfrNidrfjzpfae&wJh 'Dynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;pcef;rSm or*¾awGomr½Sd&if
rjzpfb;l vdYk em;vnfreI YJ twl vGwv f yfa&;acwfwavQmufv;kH rSm or*¾awGupkd nf;½H;k NyD; trsKd;om;wnfaqmufa&;vkyf
ief;awGeYJwygwnf; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;udk aqmif½u G cf jhJ cif; jzpfygw,f/ uReaf wmfwYkdrmS jrefrmEdik if yH nma&;
0g' (ay:vpD)? ynma&;pepf? ynma&;vkyif ef;eJYywfoufNyD; aqG;aEG;ES;D aESmcsufawG &,lxm;NyD;ygNyD/ ausmif;om;rsm;
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ&JU atmifjrifcsufawG &½Sdxm;ygNyD/ 'Dxuf ydkrdkus,fjyefYwJh wrsKd;om;vHk;udk,fpm;jyK aqG;aEG;rJh
ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSm wifjyppfaq;cHNyD; or*¾rsm;&JU wm0efcef;taeeJY ,laqmif&ef tqifoifhjzpfaeygw,f/
wavmuusif;ywJU q&mBuD;rsm;nDvmcHudk avUvmjcif;jzifU EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rSm-
(1) ynma&;tusyftwnf;jzpfaeaom
(2) jznfhpGufa&;twGuf pepfwckpkaygif;½SmazG&ef qdkwJh vufcHrIudk tuJcwfvdkY&ygw,f/
'Daumif;rGeaf om vufcrH u I kd rlwnfNyD; rMumrDumvrSm trsKd;om;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; jzpfajrmufa&;
twGuf jyifqifzdkYvdktyfovdk 0dkif0ef;vkyfaqmif&ef tpdk;&eJY q&mBuD;rsm;? rdbjynfolrsm;udk yefMum;ygw,f/ tpdk;&
oabmudk jynfolausmif;om;awGrSm csjy? aqG;aEG;jyNyD; tMuHÓPfaumif;awG ,loifhw,fvdkY wifjycsifygw,f/
ynma&;udk trsKd;rsKd;prf;oyfcJhvdkY EdkifiHrSmepfemcJhwmawGudk tpdk;&taeeJYoifcef;pm,lwwfzdkY tav;teufwifjycsif
ygw,f/ ynma&;vdktyfcsufawG zefwD;ay;a&;[m t"dujzpfygvdrfhr,f/ rxdkifcif ajcqif;vdkY r&ovdk tajctae
r½Sdao;? rjyKjyif rjznfhpGufEdkifao;bJ pepfwckudk t&rf;vkyf&if ratmifjrifbJ xdcdkufrSmawG pdk;&drf&ygw,f/ uRef
awmfwdkY ausmif;om;awG&JU wifjycsuf? ausmif;om;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrS &,lcsufawGudk 'Drdkua&pDudk av;pm;ygw,f
608
qdk&if vlwpkeJYpDpOfpOf;pm; aqmif½Gufwmxuf uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;awG&JUqEúdk cH,lavhvm aqG;aEG;oifhw,f

qdkwm tpdk;&taeeJY oabmaygufzdkYvdkygw,f/
a½SUrSm trsKd;om;ynma&;udk EdkifiHawmftusKd; wu,fjyKEdkifa&;twGuf trsm;BuD;vufawGUvkyfjzpfr,fh
tajctaersKd;a&mufatmif uRefawmfwdkYwawG trsm;BuD;yJ BudK;pm;&vdrfhOD;rnfqdkwm owday;vdkufygw,f/
udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;cifAsm;-
trIaqmiftzGJU (4) ESpfoufwrf;rSm 'DaeYwrsKd;om;vHk;ta&;jzpfwJh jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;wm0efrsm;udkvnf;
uRefawmfwdkYwawG twwfEdkifqHk; yg0ifcJhygw,f/ or*¾vIyf½Sm;rIBuD;rsm;rSm jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; oabmxm;awGudk
vnf; csrSwfvkyfaqmifcJhygw,f/ jynfwGif;ppf[m trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&;udkcsdeJYapNyD; tysufeJYtjzKef;twGufom jzpf
w,fvdkY? e,fcsJUorm;udkom tusKd;jyKNyD; EdkifiHawmfrSmepfem&vdkY? ynma&;udkxdcdkufapvdkY uRefawmfrsm; or*¾rsm;[m
tESpf (40) jynfwGif;ppf jzpfpupNyD; Nidrf;csrf;rI&a&;twGuf a<u;aMumfcJhygw,f/ ausmif;om;wdkif;pmoifEdkifa&;?
ausmif;wdkif;zGifhEdkifa&;? ynm½Sifaumif;rsm; ay:aygufa&;? jrefrmhvlUtzGJUtpnf;eJY jrefrmEdkifiHtm; tvkyftauR;jyKa&;
twGuf trsKd;om;tiftm;pkaumif;rsm; ay:aygufvma&;udk uRefawmfwYkd vv kd m;ygw,f/ 'DtwGuf tmrcHcsufay;Edik zf Ykd
jynfwGif;ppf &yfEdkifrSjzpfr,f/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk ausmif;om;b0cHpm;csufrsm;t& tifrwefvdkvm;Muw,f/
'gaMumifh Nidr;f csr;f a&;vIy½f mS ;rIawGrmS yg0ifcwhJ ,f/ q&mBuD;rIid ;f &JUMo0g'udck , H Nl yD; ay;orQaomwm0efrsm;udk rem;rae
vkyfcJhMujcif; jzpfw,f/ ynmaumif;pGmoifEdkifa&;? ynmjyKjyifa&;vkyfief;[m jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; &,lzdkYeJYwquf
wnf; jzpfvdkYvnf; uRefawmfwdkYb0[m jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;eJY wxyfwnf;jzpfaeygNyD/ 'gaMumifh tpdk;&eJYolykef
ESpfzufauseyfwJhenf;eJY &&? ppf&yfpJEdkifzdkY q&mBuD;rIdif;&JU aemufqHk;yefMum;csufudk uRefawmfwdkYaxmufcHaewmrdkY
a½SUNidr;f csrf;a&;vkyif ef;rSeo
f rQ urÇmYNidr;f csrf;a&;? urÇmYppfwm;qD;a&;? ppfvufeufrsm;zsuford ;f a&;wdYk yg aqmif½u G zf Ykd
wjyHKBuD; ½Sdaewmudk rsufjcnfrjywfMuzdkYvnf; wdkufwGef;vdkufygw,f/
&Jabmftaygif;wdkhcifAsm;-
nDvmcHBuD;rSm &if;ES;D yGivhf if;pGm nD&if;tpfuw kd rQ tawGUtMuHKrsm;? tjrifrsm;udk zvS,Mf uyg? aqG;aEG;Muyg?
oifcef;pmaumif;awGudk ½SmazGMuyg? tem*wfynma&; wm0efrsm;twGuf rSefaom oabmxm;? vrf;pOf? vkyfief;pOf
rsm;udk csrSwfEdkifMuygapvdkY wdkufwGef;tyfygw,f/
or*¾rsm; pepfwuszGJUpnf;&if;? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk us,fjyefYvmatmif vlrsKd;pkrsm;? aumvdyfrsm;?
wuúodkvfrsm;? wef;jrifhausmif;rsm;? oufarG;rIausmif;rsm; ½Sd½SdorQ ausmif;om;xkBuD;tm; vTrf;jcHKudk,fpm;jyKonfh
tzGJUcsKyfBuD;jzpfvma&; &nfrSef;csuftwGuf 'DnDvmcHrSm cdkifjrJwJhtkwfjrpfukd cscJhMuygvdkY rSmMum;yg&ap/
&Jabmfor*¾rsm;udkvnf; wm0efBuD; (3) &yf ay;vdkufcsifwmuawmU-
1/ ausmif;om;b0udk rSefuefpGmusifhoHk;Edkif&ef?
2/ or*¾wm0ef? ausmif;om;tusKd;jyK vkyfief;rsm;udk pGrf;pGrf;wrH vkyfaqmifMu&ef?
3/ wrsKd;om;vHk;ta&;? wEdkifiHvHk;ta&;jzpfwJh trsKd;om;a&; wm0efrsm;vkyfaqmifMu&ef wdkY jzpfygw,f/
uRefawmfUoufwrf;rSm awGY MuHKcJU&wJU oifcef;pmtaeeJh-
1/ ausmif;om;obm0? ausmif;om;[efeJY rudkufnDwJh or*¾todkif;t0dkif;rS ausmfvGefvkyfcJhrdjcif;rsm;?
2/ ausmif;om;epfemcsuf? ausmif;om;wdkufyGJvkyfief;rsm;rSm wm0efausyGefcJhoavmuf jyKjyifa&;vkyfief;?
pmay? upm;ckefpm;? ,Ofaus;rIvkyfief;rsm;rSm tav;teuf xdef;odrf;ñTefMum; ray;cJhjcif;rsm; jzpfyg
w,f/
a½SUrSmor*¾awGukd pnf;urf;wusav;pm;pGm pnf;½H;k Mu&ef ausmif;om;xky;l wGv J yk af qmifa&;ESihf nDñw
G af &;
udk wnfaqmufMu&ef ausmif;om;? q&m? rdbem;vnfrIeJY vufwGJjcif;rsm; &,l&ef? urÇmYausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIeJY
trSefwu,f qufpyfEdkif&efpwJh taxGaxGaom or*¾pnf;½Hk;a&; oabmxm;rsm;udk ay;cJhcsifygw,f/
twdwfumv nDñGwfrIaMumifh&cJhaom atmifyGJrsm;udk om"ujyKNyD; tem*wfumv atmifyGJrsm;twGuf
tpGr;f ukef jyifqifMu&ef? tiftm;opf arG;Mu&efeYJ rdbjynforl sm;uvnf; om;orD;awGta&;rSm tm½Hpk u kd í f vufwJG
vkyfaqmif&efyefMum;&if; ed*Hk;csKyfyg&ap/
- ausmif;om;tcGifUta&; umuG,fMu
- or*¾rsm; wnfwHUcdkifjrJygap
- ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; atmifjrifygap
- Nidrf;csrf;a&; atmifjrifygap
609
xdkYaemuf trIaqmiftzGJU\ tpD&ifcHpmudk taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkvSjrifhu wifoGif;cJhonf/

¤if;tpD&ifcHpm tESpfcsKyfrSm-
zqyv[m or*¾udkzsufodrf;a&;twGuf trdefYxkwfNyD;aemuf Auorsm; wnfwHha&;twGuf yÍörtBudrf
ajrmufnDvmcHudk atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;eJY trsKd;om;a&;wm0efudk xrf;aqmifcJhw,f/ 1956
rS 1960 av;ESpftwGif; zqyvESpfjcrf;uJGpOf 'Drdkua&pDqefYusifa&;? tjyKwfwdkufa&;? e,fcsJUvufyg;apudk 0dkif;y,f
NyD; 'Drdkua&pDa&; tpOftvm½SdwJh tiftm;pkudk axmufcHcJhw,f/ AdkvfcsKyfae0if; tpdk;&wufvmawmh 'Drdkua&pDqefY
usifa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifvmcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;awG tzdESdyfhcHcJh&w,f/ ausmif;xkwf? 0&rf;ajy;&jcif;[m txG#f
txdyfa&mufcJhw,f/ olykefeJY aqGrsKd;awmfpyfw,fqdkNyD; vlrr,fausmif;om;rsm;udk e,fESifawmxkwfyGJBuD; usif;ycJh
w,f/
ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rSm vuf½ydS nma&;pepf pepfwusr½Syd ekH YJ trsK;d om;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG usi;f y
&ef a<u;aMumfcJhonf/ xdkodkYBudK;yrf;rIaMumifh 1958 ck Mo*kwfv (9) &ufaeUrSm jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhw,f/
ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJa&;ESifhywfoufí rsm;jym;aom ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD ynma&;toHk;
p&dwf wdk;jr§ifh&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ 1958-1959 ck &efukef xD;wef;OypmaumvdyftwGuf toHk;p&dwfrSm (42000)
jzpf&m ppfom; (10) OD;rQygaom wyfpdwfwpdwf toHk;p&dwfrQyifjzpfaMumif; axmufjycJhonf/ toHk;p&dwf enf;yg;rI
aMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; usef;rma&;? tawG;tac:&ifhoefrIESifh MuHcdkifwDxGifMuHqEdkifrIwdkY csKdU,Gif;&onfh'Pfudk
wdkif;jynfu aumif;pGmcHpm;ae&onf/ tusyftwnf;rsm; &ifqdkif&um ausmif;xkwfcH&ol ydkrdkrsm;jym;í toHk;p&dwf
wdk;jr§ifh&ef wdkufyGJ0ifaom ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;udk zdESdyfzsufqD;vmonf/
'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;twGuf 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJrsm;ü wcJeufnDñGwfpGm wdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf/ xdktcg or*¾udk
NzdKvJSzsufqD;&ef BudK;yrf;vmMuonf/ or*¾wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;twGuf qufvufwdkufyGJqifEGJcJhMuonf/ or*¾rsm;
zsuford ;f &ef trdeYf xw k cf ahJ om zqyvtpd;k &onf 'Dru kd a&pDwu kd yf JG vIid ;f wHy;kd rsm;Mum; NydKuGcJ sKyfNidr;f cJo
h nf/ tpd;k &ESihf
ausmif;om;qufqaH &; aumif;rGe&f ef yxptpd;k &onf ausmif;om;or*¾ zsuo f rd ;f a&;trdeYf ukd ½kyo
f rd ;f ay;&efvo kd nf/
or*¾rsm; w&m;0ifxlaxmifcGifh ray;vQif tpdk;&ESifh ausmif;om;qufqHa&;ü oabmxm;rSefuefonf[k rqdkEdkif/
wuúov kd o
f r*¾ OD;aqmifrt I cef;udv
k nf; ½du k cf sK;d í wuúov kd tf yk cf sKyfa&;aumifprD S or*¾u, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk xkwyf ,f
cJhonf/
Nidr;f csr;f a&;twGuv f nf; ausmif;om;xkonf jynfwiG ;f ppf'Pf? jynfwiG ;f rNidr;f csr;f rI'Pfukd jynfow l &yfv;kH
ESithf wl cHpm;cJ&h onf/ jynfwiG ;f ppfukd taMumif;jyKí zdEydS rf 'I PfccH &hJ onf/ jynfwiG ;f ppfaMumifh ppfp&dwf ydrk o kd ;kH pGv
J mum
ynma&;toH;k p&dw\ f (4) qausmf jzpfco hJ nf/ jynfwiG ;f Nidr;f csrf;a&; (8) OD;aumfrwD\ olremud, k rf em Nidr;f csrf;a&;
vrf;pOfudk axmufcHcJhonf/ ausmif;om;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;twGuf tvm;tvmr½Sdonfh wnfjrJzqyvudk
qefYusifí Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&; tvm;tvm½Sdonfh oefY½Sif;zqyvudk axmufcHcJhonf/
EdkifiHwumvIyf½Sm;rIESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½GufrItwGuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrSm urÇmUausmif;om;or*¾tzGJUcsKyf
(I.U.S) ESihf urÇmY'r Dukd a&pDvil ,frsm;tzGUJ csKyf (W.F.D.Y) wdYk\ tzGUJ 0ifjzpfonf/ or*¾zUJG pnf;cGiyhf w d yf ifrI trdeYfxw k f
jcif;udk wjynfv;kH uefuu G q f E´jywdu
k yf 0JG ifaejcif;udk urÇmYausmif;om;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh wifjycJah yonf/ urÇmY
ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;u axmufcHtm;ay;rIrsm; rw&m;Oya'½kyfodrf;&ef jrefrmtpdk;&tm; awmif;qdkuefYuGufpmydkY
ulncD o hJ nf/ 1957 ck urÇmUausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,f ud[ k mrm (*syef) jrefrmjynfoYkd a&mufvmNyD;? *smref'rD u kd &ufwpf
ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,f rpöwmzd*k ,fvf a&mufvmjcif;? pnf;a0;yGrJ sm; aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm; jyKvkycf o hJ nf/ zqyvruGrJ u D
urÇmYausmif;om;yGJawmfrsm;twGuf EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrsm; rxkwfay;cJhyg/ 1958 ck aEG&moDwGif w½kwf-Armtpdk;&
cspMf unfrt I & wuoOD;aqmifum ud, k pf m;vS,f (50) ausmt f zGUJ onf w½kwjf ynfomG ;um ESpjf ynfaxmif ausmif;om;
vli,fwdkY\ cspfMunfa&; tkwfjrpfcsEdkifcJhonf/ zqyvzGJUNyD; oefY½Sif;tpdk;&vufvuf wuo? rwuo? rwuo?
ykodrfaumvdyfor*¾wdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; w½kwfjynf? yDuif;NrdKUwGif usif;yaom (5)Budrfajrmuf urÇmYausmif;om;
rsm;or*¾tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHodkY wufa&mufEdkifcJhayonf/ AdkvfcsKyfae0if; ppftpdk;&vufxuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm;pGm tzrf;cH&NyD; tcsKdUa½Smifwdrf;cJh&onf/ 1958 ck 'DZifbmvwGif ausmif;om;or*¾tzGJUcsKyf 'k-Ouú| rpöwm
[efeufonf jrefrmjynfodkYa&mufvmcJhNyD; pwkw¬tBudrf ausmif;om;yGJawmfodkY wufa&mufcJhonf/ (6) Budrfajrmuf
urÇmYausmif;om;nDvmcH wufa&mufa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mtpdk;&ESifh wm0efcHwdkYu EdkifiHul;vufrSwf rxkwfay;í
roGm;EdkifcJhay/
610
wef;cGJ? wef;cspepfwdkufyGJ0if pmwrf;udk wifoGif;cJhonf/ pmar;yGJrsm;ppfaq;&mwGif wcsKdUEdkifiHrsm; txl;

ojzifh tar&duefü a&;ajz&aompmar;yGJrsm; r½Sd? ausmif;om;wdkY\ aeYpOftwef;wGif; vkyfief;rsm;? oifcef;pmrsm;?
avhusifhcef;rsm;udk MunfhNyD; tatmifay;aom ppfaq;enf;ESifh jrefrmjynfwGif toHk;jyKaeaom a&;ajzpmar;yGJ[lí
ESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif a&;ajzenf;ay:rlwnfum ausmif;om;rsm; aeYpOfvkyfief;? avhusifhcef;?
oifcef;pmudkyg xnfhoGif;wGufcsufaom pmar;yGJppfaq;enf;udk jyKoifhonf[k ,lqayonf/
EdkifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif (4) wef;? (7) wef;? (10) wef;rsm;wGif tpdk;&ppf pmar;yGJjyKvkyf&ef? azmfjyyg
tpd;k &ppfpmar;yGrJ sm; atmifjrifygu oufqikd &f mtqifEh iS hf udu
k n
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D nfh toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynmudk oifMum;Edik &f ef
zefw;D ay;&rnf/ (10) wef; pmar;yGo J nf wckwnf;aom pmar;yGjJ zpfaomfvnf; pmar;yGaJ tmifpm&if;wGif wuúov kd o
f Ykd
oGm;Edkif&ef tqifhtwef;rDolrsm;tm; wuúodkvfodkY qufvufynmoifMum;EdkifcGifh½SdaMumif; yl;wGJaMunmay;&rnf/
rSwcf su-f þaMunmcsufonf ,cktpdk;&toHk;jyKaeaom (A-3) pepfESifhrwl/ wuúodkvf? Oypm? odyÜHpmar;yGJrsm;wGif

atmifolrsm;xHrS tif*sifeD,m? aq;odyÜHodkY ynmoifMum;Edkifonfh oabmrsKd;jzpfonf/ wuúodkvfodkY
roGm;jzpfolrsm;onf wuúodkvfodkY0ifEdkif&eftwGuf xyfrHpmar;yGJajzqdk&ef rnfodkYajz&rnf[k n§dEIdif;
owfrw S &f rnf/ (10) wef;pmar;yGJ atmifjrifow l ikd ;f tm; atmifvufrw
S w
f rsKd;wnf;udo
k m xkwaf y;&rnf/
þodkYjzpf wef;cGJ? wef;cspepfudk uefYuGufcJhygonf/
(q) &efuek w
f uúov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 1959-60 trIaqmiftzGUJ tpD&ifcpH m
( 1959 - 1960 )
trIaqmiftzGt
YJ pD&ifcpH m
1/ zGJUpnf;jcif;
2/ trIaqmiftzGJU0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;
3/ trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
4/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; xdyg;vmjcif;ESifh aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
5/ ynmoifMum;a&;ESifhywfoufaom aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
6/ yGJobiftcrf;tem;rsm;
7/ taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;
8/ Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;
9/ aus;Zl;wif½Sdjcif;
10/ ed*Hk;
611
(1)
zGJYpnf;jcif;
(u) a½G;aumufyt JG &m½Scd efjh cif;- 1959-60 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ trIaqmifrsm; a½G;aumufyGJ
twGuf wm0ef,laqmif½Gufrnfh 1958-59 ck &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef; tzrf;cH
ae&NyD; 'k-Ouú|jzpfaom udkbaumif;rSm 0&rf;xkwfxm;rIaMumifh wdrf;a½SmifaecJh&onf/ xdkYaMumifh 1959-60 ckESpf
trIaqmifa½G;aumufyt JG wGuf 1959 ck? Mo*kwv f (8) &ufaeYwiG f jyKvkyu f si;f yaom 1958-59 ckEpS f &efuek w f uúovkd f
ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ tvkyftpnf;ta0;rS a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sd udkndK0if;ESifh a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sdtm; ulnD&ef
(Fore Teller) (4) a,mufudk a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcJhayonf/
xdo
k Ykd a½G;aumufyt JG wGuf a½G;aumufyt JG &m½Srd S BudK;yrf;jyifqifaepOf 1959 ck? Mo*kwvf (14) &ufaeYwiG f
rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? Ouú| udkapmvGiftm;vnf;aumif;? Mo*kwfv (16) &ufwGif rEÅav;
wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 'k-Ouú| udpk ed jf rift h m;vnf;aumif; zrf;qD;jcif;twGuf a½G;aumufyt JG &m½Srd S ,if;uJo
h Ykd
zrf;qD;jcif;udkuefYuGufí zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefjyefvTwf&ef awmif;qdkcJhayonf/
(c) a½G;aumufyrJG sm;- 1959-60 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;wdkYudk a½G;aumufyGJ

wifajr§muf&ef yxrtywf wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk 1959 ckESpf pufwifbmv (3) &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnf[k a½G;
aumufyGJt&m½SdrS aMunmcJhonf/ 0ifa&mufta½G;cHvdkolrsm;\ avQmufvTmrsm;udk 1959 ck? Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaeY
eHeuf (10) em&DrSpí (31) &ufaeY? nae (3) em&DrwdkifrD a½G;aumufyGJt&m½SdxH wifoGif;&rnf[k aMunmcJhonf/
Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrsm;twGuf ,SOfNydKifta½G;cH&ef avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol wOD;pDom½SdNyD;? 'k-Ouú|
ae&mtwGuf avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol (3) OD; ½SdcJhonf/ xdk,SOfNydKifta½G;cH&ef wifoGif;Muaom 'k-Ouú| ae&mt
wGuf (3) OD; ½Sdonhfteuf (2) OD;rSm rdrdwdkYqE´tavQmuf avQmufvTmrsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;Edkifaom pufwifbmv
(1) &uf? nae (2) em&DwGif avQmufvTmrsm;udk jyefvnf½kyfodrf;oGm;cJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh Ouú|? 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef; (3) ae&mpvHk;wGif ,SOfNydKifta½G;cHrnfholr½SdawmhaomaMumifh Ouú|
udkvSwif? 'k-Ouú| udkpdef0if; (oHk;cG) ESifh aiGxdef; udkAaqGav; (bDat) wdkY a&G;cs,fjcif; cHcJh&onf/
trIaqmif (6) OD;ae&mtwGuf wuo 'kwd,ywfa½G;aumufyGJudk a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sdtjzpf udkvSwifu
aqmif½u G uf m 1959 ck pufwifbmv (10) &ufaeUwGif usif;yrnf[k aMunmcJo h nf/ ,SONf ydKifta½G;cH&ef avQmufvmT
wifoGif;Muolrsm; (14) a,muf½Sdonfhteuf (2) OD;rSm rdrdwdkY qE´tavQmuf avQmufvTmrsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;ojzifh
use½f o
dS l (12) a,mufEiS hf a½G;aumufyjJG yKvkycf &hJ m ,SONf ydKiforl sm; teuf udn
k Kd 0if;? udjk roef;? udak usmv
f idI (f udx
k eG ;f ausm)f ?
udkxGef;vIdifaz (udkwifarmifaqG)? udkudkMunfESifh udkatmif0if;wdkYrSm rJtrsm;qHk;&Muojzifh 1959-60 ckESpf wuo
trIaqmiftjzpf ta½G;cHcJh&onf/
(*) trIaqmiftzG-YJ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 1959-60 \ yxrtBudrf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;yGJudk

1959 ck? pufwifbmv (19) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;ycJhonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;rS tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcHtjzpf rcif
cifapmESihf pmMunfw h ukd f yd#uwfwu
kd rf LS ;tjzpf udak tmiford ;f Edik w
f Ykd tm; a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufMuNyD; atmufygtrIaqmif
tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
udkvSwif Ouú|
udkpdef0if; 'k-Ouú|
udkAaqGav; (bDat) aiGxdef;
udkndK0if; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
udkjroef; wGJzuf-taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;ESifh jyefMum;a&;XmerSL;
udkausmfvIdif EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
udkwifarmifaqG upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL; (ausmufbDvl; wifarmifaqG)
udkudkMunf vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
udkatmif0if; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;
rcifcifapm tdk;a0wm0efcH
udkatmifodrf;Edkif pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
612
(C) qyfaumfrwDrsm;- tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufwm0efcHwdkYudk ajymif;vJcefYtyf&ef (4) Budrfajrmuf

trIaqmiftpnf;a0;wGif pOf;pm;í? td;k a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcjH zpf udak tmiford ;f Edik tf m; ajymif;vJcefYtyfí rcifcifapmtm;
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;tjzpf ajymif;vJcefYtyfcJhonf/
&efuek wf uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya't& zGUJ pnf;&rnfh qyfaumf
rwDrsm;ESifh vdktyfaomXmersm;twGuf qyfaumfrwDrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD
udkatmifodrf;Edkif tdk;a0wm0efcH
udkxGm;pdef twGif;a&;rSL;
udkoef;armif tvkyfrefae*sm
udkvSa½T (aq;ausmif;) aumfrwD0if
udkeE´ (jrefrmpm*kPfxl;) aumfrwD0if
rcifcifapm (bDat-'DwD) aumfrwD0if
pmMunfUwdkufaumfrwD
rcifcifapm pmMunfhwdkufwm0efcH
udkeef;a0 twGif;a&;rSL;
udkoef;atmif (0dZÆmodyÜH-u) aumfrwD0if
udkarmifudk (OypmodyÜH-c) aumfrwD0if
udkMunfrif; (0dZÆmodyÜH-u) aumfrwD0if
udkatmifoef; (0dZÆmodyÜH-u) aumfrwD0if
ausmif;om;acsmifcsda&;aumfrwD
udkatmif0if; wm0efcH
udkpdef0if; (oHk;cG) wuo'k-Ouú|
udkwifvIdif twGif;a&;rSL;
udkjrifhaz (aq;ausmif;) aumfrwD0if
udkav;&D (0dZÆmodyÜH-c) aumfrwD0if
rpdefjrifh (0dZÆm-u) aumfrwD0if
rtrmpef; (bDat-tD;'D) aumfrwD0if
(i) tzGiYJ ,frsm;twGuf wuoud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;- &efuek w

f uúovkd u
f pm;ckepf m;aumifpt
D wGuf wuo ud,
k pf m;vS,f
rsm;tjzpf atmufyg (5) OD;tm; a½G;cs,fcJhonf/
udkwifarmifaqG upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL;
udkausmfvIdif wuotrIaqmif
udkjroef; wuotrIaqmif
udkbñGefY wuotrIaqmif
udkwifñGefY wuotrIaqmif
(p) trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rsm;- wuotrIaqmif tpnf;ta0;udk tBudrfaygif; (19) BudrfrQusif;ycJhonf/ tdk;a0

r*¾Zif;wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;rsm;twGuf (18) Budrfomjzpfonf/ trIaqmiftoD;oD; tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf
Muaom tBudrfrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/
udkvSwif- (17) Budrf? udkpdef0if;- (16) Budrf? udkAaqGav;- (11) Budrf? udkndK0if;- (18) Budrf?
613
udkjroef;- (17) Budrf? udkausmfvIdif- (19) Budrf? udkwifarmifaqG- (13) Budrf? udkudkMunf- (17) Budrf?
udkatmif0if;- (17) Budrf? rcifcifapm- (15) Budrf? udkatmifodrf;Edkif- (15) Budrf/
(2)
trIaqmiftzGJY0g'ESifU vkyfief;pOfrsm;
&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 1959-60 \ Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk 1959 ck? pufwif
bmv (25) &ufaeY &efukefwuúodkvf? ,k'oefcef;raqmifwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhNyD; &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;
or*¾ 1959-60 \ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; aMunmcJhonf/
0g'
1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;?
2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;
tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;?
3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif;oif;
qufqHa&;/
vkyfief;pOfrsm;
1959-69 ckESpf vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk a,bk,s ausmif;om;xk vdktyfcsuftajccHrsm;udk csrSwfvdkufygonf/
xdktajccHvkyfief;rsm;udk rlwnfí tao;pdwfvkyfief;csJUxGif vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/
1/ ,aeYtcsdeftcgwGif 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; ½kyfodrf;cHae&onf/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; qHk;½IH;ae&onf/
ausmif;om;xktygt0if jynfov l x
l \k 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGithf a&; umuG,af &;wdu k yf u JG kd wuotaeESihf qifEw JT u kd yf JG
0ifrnf/
2/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; ½kyfodrf;cH&NyD; qHk;½IH;vsuf½Sdonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDwGifvnf;aumif;? ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDwGifvnf;aumif; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; z,fxkwfjcif;cH&onf/ pepftrsKd;rsKd;? pnf;urf;trsKd;rsKd;
udk ausmif;om;xkqE´rygbJ jyKvkyfvsuf½Sdonf/ ausmif;om;xkqE´rygbJ ausmif;aqmifrlopfudk twif;csrSwf
vkyaf qmifco hJ nf/ rvduk ef mEdik o
f nfh pnf;urf;rsm; twif;tusyv f yk cf ikd ;f vsuf ½So d nf/ xdt k csurf sm;rSm ausmif;om;
tcGifhta&; ½kyfodrf;cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm; wuouvkyf
aqmifrnf/
3/ ynma&;wDxiG cf suf a<u;aMumfojH zifh ynma&;jyifqifcsurf sm; vkyaf qmifc\ hJ / xdjk yifqifcsuaf Mumifh ausmif;om;xk
ynma&;tusyftwnf;ESihf &ifqikd &f \/ ausmif;vcay;&jcif;? pmar;yGpJ epfopfaMumifh ynmoifMum;rI tcGit hf a&;
qHk;½HI;&jcif;? (2) cgusvQif ausmif;rSxGuf&jcif; ponfh tusyftwnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifcJh&\/ xdktcsufrsm;rSm
ynma&;wDxGifcsufaMumifh jzpf\/ wuoonf ynma&;wDxGifcsuf ysufokOf;a&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;rnf/
ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf aqmif½Gufrnf/
4/ aESmifBudK;wnf;í pGufzufrI½Sdonfh tar&duef\ wuúodkvftaxmuftyHhrsm;onf ,aeY ausmif;om;xktwGuf
vnf;aumif;? tem*wfwuúodkvftwGuf vnf;aumif; BuD;pGmaomtEÅ&m,f jzpfayonf/ wuúodkvfe,fajrudk
0dik ;f &Hvsuf½adS yonf/ aESmifBudK;wnf;í pGuzf ufr½I o dS nfh tar&duef\ wuúov kd o f Ykd axmufyrhH rI sm; wm;qD;a&;udk
wuorS aqmif½Gufrnf/
5/ rSefuefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efESifh ppfrSefonfh ausmif;om;tusKd;jyK oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm; wuou
wdk;csJUvkyfaqmifoGm;rnf/
6/ tqifhtwef;jrifhaom wuúodkvfjzpfvma&;? wuúodkvfoD;jcm;vGwfvyfcGifh umuG,fa&;twGuf q&mausmif;om;
cspfMunfpGm yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;udk taumiftxnfazmf vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf/
(3)
trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; wuúodkvfESifhausmif;toD;oD;wdkYü ynmoifvsuf½SdMuaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;
onf jynfolvlxk\ tpdwftydkif;w&yf jzpfonf/ jynfolvlxk\ &ifESpfom;orD;rsm;om jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh
614
rdbjynfolwdkY\ jyóemt&yf&yfwdkYonf om;orD;rsm;jzpfaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\ ta&;tcif;rsm;om

jzpfayonf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdbjynfoltaygif;ESifhqdkifaom ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif wm0ef
odpmG jzifh xrf;aqmifc&hJ onf/ þjzpfpOfordik ;f udk 1300 jynfh tvkyo
f rm;? v,form;? ausmif;om;wdYk \ ta&;awmfykH
BuD;u txift½Sm; oufaojycJhayonf/
(u) yk'fr (5) ESifU vdyfaomifuRef; / / 1958 ck? atmufwdkbmv (28) &ufaeYwGif ygvDreftpnf;ta0; ac:,l
um? 0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek Ekwx
f u
G Nf yD; Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;ae0if; acgif;aqmifaom tpd;k &tzGUJ wufvmNyD;onfah emuf Nidr0f yfjym;a&;
yk'fr (5) ESifh ta&;ay:yk'frrsm;xkwfum ausmif;om;ESifhEdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;udk zrf;qD;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;udk udkudk;uRef;odkY ydkYcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf udkudk;uRef;rS jyefvnfac:,lNyD; tcsKdUudkom jyefvTwfNyD;
tcsKdUudk qufvuf csKyfaESmifxm;onhfjyif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&onf xdkolrsm;tm; vdyfaomifuRef;odkY ydkYaqmif&ef
jyifqifcJhjyefonf/
þodYk tEÅ&m,frsm;vSaom vdyaf omifuRe;f odYk ydYk aqmifjcif;onf oem;n§mwmrIuif;rJph mG n§O;f yef;ESyd pf uf&m
oma&mufojzifh ¤if;wdkYtm; vdyfaomifuRef;odkY rydkYaqmifyg&efESifh jyefvTwfyg&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;ae0if;xHodkY
awmif;qdk arwåm&yfcHpmydkYcJhonf/
(c) ygvDrefa½G;aumufyGJ rJay;a&; / / 1960 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (6) &ufaeYwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonfh jynfolYvTwf
awmf a½G;aumufyGJBuD;onf jrefrmjynfolwdkY\ tem*wfta&;udk qHk;jzwfapNyD;? aoa&;½Sifa&;wrQ ta&;BuD;vSaom
a½G;aumufyJG jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onfvnf; Edik if o H m;jzpfonfth m;avsmfpmG rdrwd Ykd yikd q
f ikd af om rJjzifh yg0ifq;kH
jzwf&rnf jzpfayonf/
odkYtwGuf a½G;aumufyGJwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;wGif tvm;tvm½Sdí ynma&;wGifvnf; jynfol
vlxkw&yfvHk;u vufcHaom ynma&;pepfa&;qGJum ynma&;wDxGifvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk jyKjyifay;jcif;? ynma&;
toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifygrnf[k twdtvif;uwday;olrsm;tm; axmufcHtm;ay;Mu&ef wdkuf
wGef;cJhonf/
wuúodkvfausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; vGwfvyfpGmrJay;Edkifa&;twGuf avQmufvTmyHkpH (18-u) jzifh rdrdwdkY
wuúov kd rf oS m rJay;Edik af &; pDpOfay;cJoh nf/ avQmufvmT rsm;udv k nf; wuorS vnf;aumif;? c½dik t f oif;rsm;rSwqifh
ydrk v
kd ,
G u f al &;twGuf wm0ef,x l wk af y;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif; aqmif½u
G cf o
hJ nf/ odYk twGuf e,fraS usmif;ol? ausmif;
om;rsm;onf rJqEáy;jcif; jyKEdkifcJhonf/
(*) wJtdrfa½TYajymif;aom &ufa½TYa&; / / &efukefjrLeDpDy,frS &efukefNrdKUtwGif;½Sd a½TUajymif;&ef usef½Sdaeao;aom

&yf uGufrsm;rS wJtdrfrsm;udk 1960 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv (17) &ufaeUrS (19) &ufaeYtNyD; ajymif;&rnf[k aMunmcJhay
onf/ xdktcsdefrSm aq;odyÜHausmif;om;ESifh wuúodkvfausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;wdkY pmar;yGJajzqdkaecsdef jzpfNyD;?
wuúodkvfESifh tpdk;&ausmif;rsm; pmar;yGJajzqdkcsdef eD;uyfaeojzifh xdk&yfuGufwGif aexdkifolrsm;\ tcuftcJrsm;
ajyvnfa&;twGuf owfrSwfaom&ufrsm;wGif rajymif;a½TUapyJ pmar;yGJNyD;rSompDpOf&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(4)
ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;rsm; xdyg;vmjcif;ESifU aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
tpdk;&tzGJUonf jynfolvlxk tusKd;jyKjzpfap&efrSm jynfolvlxk udk,fydkifa½G;cs,fjcif;jzifhom &Edkifrnfjzpf
onf/ 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& wufvmaom tpdk;&omvQif jynfolYtpdk;&jzpfayrnf/ ygvDref'Drdkua&pDenf; r[kwfbJ
tpd;k & tmPmajymif;,lco hJ jzifh Adv
k cf sKyfae0if;tpd;k &tm; wuorS uefYuu G cf ahJ yonf/ wuorS BudKwifazmfjycJo h nfh
twdik ;f yif jynfov l x
l tk wGi;f zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;? Ncdr;f ajcmufjcif;rsm;tm;jzifh 'Drukd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;rsm; ydwyf ifccH &hJ onf/
jynfov l xl \
k om;orDrsm;jzpfaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;wGiv f nf; &½Sx d m;onft
h cGit
hf a&;rsm; ydwyf ifc&H jcif;?
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI trsKd;rsKd;udkcHcJh&jcif;rsm; jyKcJhayonf/
(u) ausmif;om;oHk;OD; ausmif;0ifcGifUy,fjcif; / / &efukefwuúodkvfwGif wuoESifhwuG ausmif;om;xktm;

zdEydS &f efMuHpnfaeMuonfrmS MumcJNh yDjzpfonf/ odYk&mwGif wuo\ wGe;f vSeuf muG,Ef ikd rf rI sm;aMumifh twefaemufqw
k f
615
oGm;&mrS AdkvfcsKyftpdk;& wufvmcsdefwGif ajAmifzdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;yif jyKrlvmawmhonf/

1959 ck? Mo*kwfv (31) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvf½Hk;rS ausmif;om; (3) OD;jzpfonfh wuoaiGxdef; udkA
aqGav; (Oya'0dZmÆ yxrESp)f ESihf wuotrIaqmifa[mif;rsm;jzpfMuaom udÓ k Pf&if (r[m0dZmÆ -yxrESp)f ? udjk rifo
h ed ;f
(0dZÆmtaxGaxG*kPfxl;wef;-yxrESpf) wdkYtm; ausmif;0ifcGifhrS y,fzsufvdkufaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/ þjzpf&yfwGif
wuúodkvf\ tcGifhtmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfaom ygarmu©csKyfudk,fwdkif rodvdkufaom jyKrlcsufjzpfaMumif; ygarmu©csKyfrS
0efcHum ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh jyKcJhayonf/ þodkYjzpf&onfrSm oufqdkif&mXmerS ñTefMum;csufw&yfom jzpfaMumif;
ygarmu©csKyf\ xkwaf zmfajymjycsut f & tmPmydik w
f Ykdonf ygarmu©csKyfuykd if ausmvf eG u
f m ½kyyf suq
f if;ysuf usL;ausmf
zdESdyfvmjcif;jzpfonf/
(c) atmufwdkbmausmif;aqmifaecGifU / / atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;ESifh

jyef&ef vrf;yef;c&D;cufcJaom ausmif;om;rsm;udkom taqmifaexdkifcGifh,lNyD; tr&ESifh &mrnaqmifrsm;wGifom
taqmifaecGifh jyKrnfjzpfaMumif; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS aMunmcJhayonf/ xdkxkwfjyefaMunmcsufonf ausmif;
om;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk ½kyfodrf;jcif;om jzpfonf/ tpOftvmrsm;udk qefYusifum ausmif;om;rsm; pmayavhvm
jcif;udk taESmifht,Suf jzpfaponf/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufonf pmoifESpfukefqHk;í ausmif;ydwfjcif;r[kwf?
acwåausmif;ydwfjcif;om jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifom;tm;vHk;wGif pmoifESpfrukefqHk;rcsif; ausmif;aqmif
rsm;wGif aexdkifcGifh½SdaMumif;/
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS ,if;ausmif;ydw&f ufwiG f ausmif;aqmifaexdik cf iG ahf y;xm;onfh ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS
aiG 14d^- aumufcHjcif;onfvnf; vHk;0rw&m;ay/ ausmif;aqmifaexdkifoltm;vHk;onf atmufwdkbmvtwGuf
aiGay;oGif;NyD;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufwGif ausmif;aqmifom;wdkif; rdrdwdkY taqmifrsm;wGif
tcrJhaexdkifcGifhonf rdrdwdkY\ udk,fydkiftcGifhta&;om jzpfaMumif;/
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ jyKvkyv f mcsufrsm;onf ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&;udk csKd;zsufjcif;omjzpfNyD; ausmif;
om;udk,fpm;vS,f rygonfh aumfrwDrS ausmif;om;qEÉSifhqefYusifpGm tmPm½Sifqefqef jyKrlvmcsufrsm;om jzpf
aMumif;rsm;jzifh uefYuGufcJhonf/
wuoESifhtoif;tzGJUrsm;rS uefYuGufawmif;qdkaecsdefwGif ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif wuúodkvft&Hwyf&if;udk
xm;½Srd nfjzpfaMumif; aMunmvdu k jf yefonf/ a½S;OD;pGm ausmif;aqmifrsm;jyif&eftwGu[ f í
l ajymNyD;aemufwiG f wuúov kd f
t&Hwyf&if;awmh xm;Edik o f nfqo kd nfh jyóem xyfqifch jhJ yefonf/ xdYkaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;
onf ausmif;om;rsm; taqmifwGifraea&;om &nf½G,faom zdESdyfrIoufoufomjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf/
odkYtwGuf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ Ouú|\ tcGifhtmPmt& wuorS ausmif;om;xk
tpnf;ta0;w&yfudk 1959 ck? pufwifbmv (23) &ufaeY? n (7) em&Dtcsdef wuocef;rwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
,if;pnf;a0;yGJrS atmufygtqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;qHk;jzwfcJhonf/
1/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; rdrdaexdkifonfh ausmif;aqmifwGif aexdkifcGifhrjyKbJ aiG 14d^-
ay;oGif;um tjcm;ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ajymif;a½TUae&rnfqdkaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ qHk;jzwf
csufudk uefYuGufaMumif;/
2/ atmufwb kd mausmif;ydw&f uftwGi;f wuúov kd t
f &Hwyf&if;udk ckw;kH vkyí
f wuúov kd ef ,fajrwGif ppftajc
cHpcef;zGifhvmjcif;udk uefYuGufaMumif;/
3/ þodYk zdEySd cf sKyfcs,v f mjcif;udk ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGrJ S wqufwnf; wuúov kd ef ,fajrwGi;f vSnv hf nf
í qE´jyuefYuGuf&ef/
pufwifbmv (23) &ufaeYnwGif ausmif;om;xkq;kH jzwfcsuft& qE´jycJMh uayonf/ xdu k pd Eö iS yhf wfoufí
&efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDrS wuotrIaqmifrsm;onf ausmif;pnf;urf;azmufzsufNyD; qlylonf[laom taMumif;jy
csufjzifh ygarmu©csKyftm; (7) &uftwGif; awmif;yef&rnf? vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf[k qHk;jzwfaMunmcJhonf/
xdkjyóemESifh ywfoufí wuotrIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rS tav;teufpOf;pm;MuNyD;-
1/ xdkta&;onf q&mausmif;om; at;aq;ausvnfpGm ajz½Sif;oifhaom jyóemw&yfom jzpfonf[k
wuorS ,HkMunfonf/
2/ xdkta&;aMumifh wuúodkvf\ at;csrf;om,mpGmwnf½Sda&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk rxdcdkuf
ap&ef/
616
3/ xdkta&;aMumifh q&mausmif;om; yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;ESifh cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&; ysufjym;roGm;ap&ef/

4/ xdkta&;aMumifh rdbjynfolrsm;? q&m? q&mrrsm; pdwfrcsrf;rom rjzpfap&efESifh pdwfcsrf;omrI&ap&ef
[laom oabmxm;udk xkwjf yefaMunmum? atmufwb kd m (1) &ufaeYwiG f trIaqmifrsm;onf ygarmu©
csKyfxo
H mG ;a&mufí þodYkjzpfysu&f onfu
h pd Eö iS yhf wfoufí rsm;pGm0rf;enf;ygaMumif;jzifh ajymum ausat;
cJhonf/
wuúodkvfausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif wuúodkvft&Hwyf&if;udk xm;&eftpDtpOfvnf; ysufoGm;cJhonf/
(*) atmufwdkbmv0ufxrif;zdk; / / atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;aqmifaeaom ausmif;olôm;rsm; ausmif;

aqmifrae&ojzifh ¤if;wdYk tm; taqmifrS xrif;rpm;aomaMumifh atmufwb
kd mv0uf xrif;zd;k rsm;udk jyef xkwaf y;&ef
awmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,if;awmif;qdkcsufaMumifhyif xrif;zdk; 21d^- 50 jym;udk taqmifaeausmif;olôm; rsm;
jyefvnf&½SdcJhMuonf/
(C) ausmif;pnf;urf;jyóem / / ausmif;aqmifXmerS ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udkxkwfjyefcJh&m xdkpnf;urf;rsm;

wGif ausmif;om;rsm; rvdkufemEdkifonfhtcsufrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ wuoonf ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí
ausmif;pnf;urf;½Srd u I kd vdv
k m;onf/ ausmif;pnf;urf;½Srd u
I kd ausmif;om;ESihf q&myl;aygif;um ynmay;vkyaf qmif&ef
vdktyfaMumif;rsm; wifjycJhonf/ pufwifbmv (8) &ufaeYwGif ygarmu©csKyfESifh wuotrIaqmifrsm; awGUqHkpOfu?
ygarmu©csKyfrS ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk ausmif;om;or*¾ESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;udk wdkifyifn§dEIdif;NyD;rS
twnfjyKrnf[k ajymqdkcJhonf/
xdak jymqdck surf sm;t& xkwjf yefxm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;yg&efEiS hf ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f
rsm;ESifh tajytvnfn§dEIdif;NyD;rS twnfjyKyg&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(i) ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifU ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,fjyóem / / &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;aqmifta&;

jyóemrsm;udk pDrt H yk cf sKyf&eftwGu?f wuúov
kd af umifpv
D ufatmufwiG f ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD½NdS yD; ,if;aumfrwDwiG f
wuo ud, k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcahJ yonf/ 1959 ck ausmif;zGiphf wGif wuoud,k pf m;vS,rf sm; Ekwyf ,fxm;cJo h nf/
xdkYaemuf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;rsm;odkY tvSnfhus ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; wufa&muf&ef
ausmif;aqmif (2) aqmifodkY aumfrwDu zdwfac:cJhonf/ wuoESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;tzGJUcsKyfwdkYrS ,cift
wdkif; wuo udk,fpm;vS,ftm; jyefvnfay;&ef awmif;qdkaepOfwGif xdkuJhodkYxyfrHjyKjyifjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkudk
udk,fpm;jyK zGJUpnf;xm;aom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk todtrSwf rjyKvdkjcif;om jzpfonf/
xdYkaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ rlrrSeaf om ausmif;aqmif (2) aqmifrS ud, k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; zdwaf c:jcif;
udk uefYuGufí wuoESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfwdkYrS cefYtyfxm;aom udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udkom
vufcH&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,ckwGifrl wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;tzGJUcsKyf
Ouú| wdkYudk vufcHxm;½Sdayonf/
(p) aumifpDa½G;aumufyGJ / / 1959 ck? rwfv (2) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf nDvmcHrS
&efukefwuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsufudk twnfjyKcJhavonf/ &efukefwuúodkvftufOya' jyifqif&eftwGuf
wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif tMuHÓPfawmif;cHpOfu rygcJhaom ]wuo udk,fpm;vS,fvlBuD; (2) OD;tm; jzKwfypf&ef}
jyifqifcsufudkvnf; txl;trdefYjyefwrf;xkwfum xnfhoGif;jyifqifcJhonf/
xdkodkY jyKvkyfjcif;onf wuoonf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ udk,fpm;vS,fr[kwf[laom oabmouf
a&mufNyD;vQif wuo\ tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk ydwyf if&efjyKvkyjf cif;? ausmif;om;wdik ;f or*¾0ifciG u
hf kd zsuford ;f í or*¾zUJG
pnf;cGifhudk ydwfyif&ef jyKvkyfjcif;? wuúodkvfe,fajrudk EdkifiHa&;tzGJUrsm;,SOfNydKif&m ppfwvif;tjzpfodkY a&muf½Sd&ef
jyKvkyfjcif; jzpfojzifh wuorS qE´jyuefYuGufcJhonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; qE´jyuefYuGufonfhMum;rSyif wuúodkvftufOya'jyifqifcsufudk 1959 ck? rwfv (2)
&ufaeYwGif usif;yaom jynfolUvTwfawmfnDvmcHrS vufcHtwnfjyKcJhonf/ wuoonf xdktufOya'jyifqifcsuf
zsufodrf;a&;? wuo udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD; &½Sda&;twGuf qufvufawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifrnfjzpf
aMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
617
wuúov kd t
f ufOya' jyifqifcsut f & ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,f wuúov kd af umifpv D Bl uD; (2) OD; a½G;aumuf
yGJudk 1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (17) &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnf[k wuúodkvfaumifpDrS aMunmcJhonf/ wuo\qEÉSifh
udkufnDrIr½Sdaomfvnf; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f trnfcHum ausmif;om;qE´twdkif; raqmif½Gufaom wuúodkvf
aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD; rjzpfap&efESifh ausmif;om;qE´rsm;udk wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif wifjyEdkif&eftwGuf ausmif;om;
udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD;tm; wuoonf toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh n§dEIdif;a½G;cs,fum 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifap
cJhonf/
EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;odkYvnf; (1) wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif EdkifiHa&; ppfwvif;rjzpfa&;? (2) ausmif;om;
tusKd; epfemcsufrsm;udk ausmif;om;xkqE´? ausmif;om;xktjriftwdkif; aqmif½GufEdkifa&;twGuf wuúodkvfaumifpD
ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f a½G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifjcif; rjyK&ef arwåm&yfcHcJhayonf/
odkY&mwGif EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;wckjzpfaom oefY½Sif;zqyvrS 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif&ef jyifqifvmjcif;aMumifh?
oefY½Sif;zqyv\ qE´t& wuoonf (3) Budrfwdkifwdkif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkodkY aqG;aEG;&mwGif oefY½Sif;
zqyvESihf wuoonf (1) 'Dru kd a&pDa&; aqmif½u G rf rI sm;wGif wlncD surf sm;½Sod nf? (2) ynma&; oabmxm;rsm;wGif
em;vnfrrI sm; ½Scd jhJ cif;wdYkaMumif?h ,aeY wuúov kd af usmif;om;xk\ vdv k m;csurf sm;jzpfonfh ynma&;vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;
y,fzsufay;a&;? ynma&;epfemcsufrsm;udk aumifpDwGif wifjyawmif;qdkay;a&; ponfh rl (2) csufudk vufcHNyD;
Edik if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfonfh oefY½iS ;f zqyv\ ud, k pf m;vS,t f aeESihf r0ifb?J wuo\a½G;cs,faom ud, k pf m;vS,f
tjzpf 0ifrnfqdkygu wuorS axmufcHay;rnf[k wifjycJhonf/
odYk aomf oefY½iS ;f zqyvtaeESihf vufrcHaomaMumifh wuoonf wuo\ aiGxed ;f a[mif; OD;wDy0D rf;ESihf
Ouú|a[mif; OD;armifarmifausmf wdkYtm; udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a½G;aumufum oefY½Sif;zqyv udk,fpm;vS,f OD;0if;?
OD;&m½Spw f YkdEiS hf ,SONf ydKifco
hJ nf/ wuoud, k MkH unfjcif;? ausmif;om;xk\ tpOftvmESio hf pömudck ,
H íl ausmif;om;tusK;d
o,fy;kd xrf;½Gurf nfh wuoud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ,HMk unf&if;pG½J jdS cif;wdYk aMumifh wuoud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u tEdik &f ½Scd hJ
ayonf/ trdwuo\ *kPfodu©mudk pnf;vHk;nDñGwfjcif; t&nftaoG;jzifh wifay;vdkMuojzifh armfvNrdKif? ykodrf?
ausmufjzLaumvdyf or*¾rsm;ESifh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;rS nDñGwfpGm rJay;cJhMuonf/
wuoonf aumifpaD ½G;aumufyw JG iG f wuoud, k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; tEdik &f cJah omfvnf; wuoud, k pf m;vS,f
aumifpDwGif yg0ifcGifh&½Sda&;rludkum; qufvuf udkifpGJjrJudkifpGJí wuúodkvf jyifqifcsuftufOya' y,fzsufa&;udk
qufvufwdkufoGm;rnfom jzpfayonf/
(q) tzrf;cHausmif;om;rsm;pmar;yGJajza&; / / AdkvfcsKyfae0if; tpdk;&onf Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;udk taMumif;jyum

wuúodkvfESifhtxufwef;ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;rsm;udk yk'fr (5) jzifh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcJhonf/ 1958-59 ckESpfwGif
tzrf;cH&aom ausmif;om;tcsKdUrSm pmar;yGJajzcGifh avQmufaomfvnf; EdkifiHtpdk;&rS cGifhrjyKojzifh pmar;yJGajzqdkcGifh
r&½Sdacs/ þodkY zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;aMumifh tzrf;cHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf txl;yifepfemcJh&onf/ odkYtwGuf 1959-
60 ckESpf pmar;yGJwGif &oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;t&? ajzqdkcGifhudk rdrdwdkY\ oufqdkif&maxmifwGif;rS ajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef
awmif;qdkcJhonf/
odkY&mwGif zdEdSyfcsKyfcs,frIudkom jyKvdkaom tpdk;&onf wOD;wa,mufudkrQ ajzqdkcGifhrjyKaMumif; jyefMum;cJh
ojzifh? vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh ynmoifMum;EdkifcGifhtcGifhta&; wm;qD;&ma&mufojzifh jyif;jyif;xefxef uefYuGufcJhonf/
(Z) or*¾0ifaMu;aumufcHay;&ef / / 1954 ckESpfrSpí or*¾aMu;rsm;udk ausmif;0ifonfESifh wNydKifeuf

wuúodkvfrS aumufcHay;cJhonf/ þodkYaumufcHay;cJhjcif;onf wuoudk w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKjcif;yifjzpfonf/
1959-60 ckESpfwGif ,cifuJhodkY aumufcHaeqJüyif wydkif;wpor*¾aMu;rsm; aumufcHjcif;udk &yfqdkif;xm;cJhonf/
,ckEpS f 1960-61 wGivf nf; raumufcaH y;bJ xm;½Scd ahJ yonf/ or*¾aMu;rsm;aumufcrH I &yfqikd jf cif;onf wuotm;
w&m;0iftodtrSwrf jyKonfh oabmjzpf\/ wuoud, k pf m;vS,f aumifpv
D Ml uD;rsm;tm; y,fzsujf cif;? ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDrsm;tm; zsuo f rd ;f jcif;jyKNyD;aemufwiG f ,ckqufvufí or*¾ut kd odtrSwrf jyK&ef vkyaf qmifjcif;yifjzpfonf/
jynfolvkxk\ 'Drdkua&pD tvm;tvm arQmfudk;csufjzifh tHk<uaxmufcHjcif;aMumifh wufvmaom oefY½Sif;
zqyv (,ck yxp) tpdk;&onfyif or*¾aMu;rsm; aumufay;&efudk jiif;qefxm;½Sdayonf/ wuo\ ausmif;om;
udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD;\ aumifpDwGifwifjycsufudk uefYuGufMuojzifh xdktqdkudkwif&ef &yfqdkif;xm;cJh
&onf/
618
(ps) 0&rf;xkwfcH&aomausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; / / AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;jcif;onf

ygvDref'rD u kd a&pDenf;t& ajymif;vJjcif;r[kw?f tmPmudak oG;xGuo f ,H rkd rI ½Sb
d J twif;tusyo
f rd ;f ydu
k jf cif; jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; ydwfyifwm;qD;jcif;? jynfolvlxktwGif; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frItEÅ&m,frsm; usa&muf
jcif;rsm;cHcJh&onf/ wuoOuú| udkcifarmiftkef;? trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;? twGif;a&;rSL; udkatmifbef;wdkY zrf;qD;
uduk ;kd uRef;ydYk c&H NyD;? Auo'k-Ouú|ESihf trIaqmifa[mif; udjk rifOh ;D ? tif;0aqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif; trIaqmif
udkudef;aiG? wyfOD;trIaqmif udkudkBuD;ESifh ½Srf;trsKd;om; qdkif;EGefqdkif;? wuo'k-Ouú|a[mif; udkpD wdkYrSmvnf;
zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&hJ onf/ wqufwnf;rSmyif wuo'k-Ouú| udb k aumif;? twGi;f a&;rSL; udck ifatmif? trIaqmifa[mif;
ud,
k w k Ykd tjyif Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf Ouú| udak Zmf0if;wdYk tm; 0&rf;xkwjf cif; cHc&hJ onf/ ,ckwikd yf if 0&rf;jzifw h rd ;f a½Smifae
&qJ jzpfayonf/
jynfow l Ykd \ 'Dru
kd a&pDarQmfu;kd csufjzifh wufvmaom OD;Ektpk;d &vufxufwiG ?f wuo\ awGUqHak wmif;qdk
csuft&? xdkausmif;om;acgif;aqmif;rsm; tzrf;cHygu oufn§mpGmpOf;pm;rnfjzpfaMumif; aMunmvmcJhonf/ yxp
tpdk;&onf 'Drdkua&pDa<u;aMumfoHjzifh wufvmaom tpdk;&jzpfojzifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk jynfolvlxka½SUarSmuf
wGif uwday;NyD;jzpfonf[k ,lqjcif;? ausmif;om;ESifhtpdk;& qufqHa&;ajyjypf aumif;rGefaejcif;wdkYaMumifh wuo
onf 0&rf;ausmif;om;rsm; tzrf;cHa&;twGuf jyifqifcJhayonf/
(5)
ynmoifMum;a&;ESifUywfoufaom aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
(u) waehESpfbmomrajza&; / / wuúodkvfqD;edwftzGJU\ qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1959-60 ckESpf wuúodkvf pm
ar;yGJrsm;wGif waeYvQif ar;cGef; (2) ck ajzqdk&awmhrnf jzpfaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xktwGuf
vHk;0tusKd;rjyK aom xdkqHk;jzwfcsuftm; wuorS uefYuGufcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; Oypmwef;wGif waeYwbmom
pDom ppfaq;rnfjzpfaMumif; jyifqifaMunmcJhonf/
0dZmÆ wef;rsm;tm; waeYar;cGe;f (2) ck ajzqdak &;rlum; aumifprD v
S ufct H wnfjyKcJoh nf/ þtqdu k kd aumifpD
rS vufcHtwnfjyK&mwGif aumifpDü ausmif;om;xkqE´rygbJ vufcHtwnfjyKcsufom jzpfonf/
odkYtwGuf wuo\ ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,fvlMuD; (2) OD;rS aumifpDudk tjrefac:qdkcdkif;vsuf wzuf
wGif 0dZmÆ wef;rsm;wGif qE´vufrw S rf sm;udk vdu
k vf aH umufccH o
hJ nf/ vufrw S af ygif; (2000) ausmf&½Scd sdew
f iG f qD;edwrf S
waeYwGif ar;cGefwckomajz&ef wuo\awmif;qdkcsufudk jyefvnfíqHk;jzwfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf vHk;0
tusKd;r½Sdaom rrSefuefonfh jyKrlvmcsufonf ausmif;om;xktm;aMumifh aemufjyefqkwfoGm;&jcif;jzpfonf/
(c) pmar;yGJar;cGef;aygufMum;jcif; / / 1960 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif usif;yaom wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJwGif

ocFsmbmomü rSm;,Gi;f jcif;? t*Fvyd b f momü csKdU,Gi;f jcif;rsm; jzpfay:NyD;aemuf? &mZ0ifbmomwGif ar;cGe;f aygufMum;
jcif; jzpfcJhonff/ ajrmif;jr? jrif;jcH? ausmufqnf? uom pmppfXmersm;ESifh NrdKUaygif; tawmfrsm;rsm;wGif pmar;yGJü
&mZ0ifar;cGef;rsm; aygufMum;ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jyí pmajzcef;rS xGufcGmMujcif;? aumfrwDzGJUí ar;cGef;rsm;
BudKwif ½dkufESdyfíjzefYcsdjcif;rsm;? oufqdkif&mESifh NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;odkY wdkifwef;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/
þonfukd NrdKUjytkycf sKyfa&; wyfrawmft&m½Srd sm;rS wdik ;f jynfrqlyal &;wGuf xde;f odr;f jcif;? apmifah ½Smufjcif;?
ydwfyifjcif;rsm;jzifh rNidrf;rcsrf;jzpf&rnfh jyóemrsm;udk a½Smif;uGif;EdkifcJhonf/ ,if;tajctaeudk taMumif;jyKí
wm0ef½o dS rl sm;onf tcGiahf umif;,lum a&iHEk w I yf w
d f qdwq f wd af ecJMh uonf/ wuoonf &uo? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf
ESifh n§dEIdif;um pmar;yGJar;cGef;aygufMum;&mwGif wOD;tay:wOD; wm0efvTJjcif;? (Debar) jyKvkyfjcif;? tajz vTmrsm;
wif;usyfpGmppfaq;jcif;rsm; rjyKvkyfbJ? wm0ef½Sdolrsm;udk tjypfay;&efESifh pmar;yGJar;cGef;xkwfjcif;? jzefYcsdjcif;pepfudk
jyefvnf ppfaq;jyifqif&ef vdktyfaMumif;? ,if;ar;cGef;aygufMum;rItwGuf aygufMum;aomXmersm;wGif pmar;yJGrsm;
jyefvnfppfaq;ay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
xdu k pd u
ö kd yxptpd;k &ESihf awGUqH&k mwGif oufnm§ pGm pOf;pmrnfqakd omfvnf; atmifpm&if;wGif qE´jycJah om
ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; vHk;0xnfhoGif; rpOf;pm;aMumif; awGU&onf/ wm0ef½Sdolrsm;vnf; wm0efr,lao;bJ?
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; tay:wGif wm0efrJh jyKrlcJhonf/
(*) pmar;yGJar;cGef;rsm;csKdY,Gif;jcif; / / 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;tNyD; ausmif;rsm;jyefvnf zGifhvSpfonfrSpí jrefrm

619
EdkifiHwGif ESpfpOfusif;yaom pmar;yGJwdkif;vdkyif csKdU,Gif;csufrsm; jzpfay:cJhonf/ 1960 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (16) &uf
aeYrpS í usif;yaom wuúov kd 0f ifwef;pmar;yGw
J iG v
f nf; csKdU,Gi;f csufrsm; jzpfcjhJ yefonf/ t*Fvyd pf mar;cGe;f tcsKdUwGif
pmrsufESm wzufryg½Sdjcif;? ar;cGef;trSwf (4) wGif bmomjyefyg (odkYr[kwf) tusOf;a&;yg[lí cGJr&Edkifaom rwd
usaom ar;cGef;udkar;jcif;? ocFsmar;cGef;vTm (2) ü t*FvdyfbmomESifh jrefrmbmom *Pef; (2) rsKd; jzpfaejcif;?
(7) yk'f ajzyg[lí jrefrmbmomwGif ryg0ifjcif; paomcsKdU,Gif;rIrsm; jzpfcJhonf/
xdbk momrsm;onf r,lrae&bmomBuD;rsm; jzpfjcif;aMumifh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; twGuf BuD;rm;aom
epfemcsufrsm; jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; repfemap&ef aqmif½Gufay;&efESifh xdkodkYaqmif½GufrIrsm;udk
wuúodkvf0ifpmppfbkwftzGJUrS twdtvif; xkwfazmfaMunm&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(C) ynma&;r[mXmeESifUaxmufyHUaMu; / / ,cifESpfrsm;u ynma&;r[mXmewGif axmufyHhaMu;,lol ausmif;

ol? ausmif;om;wdkif;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf 1969-60 ckESpf axmufyHhaMu;,lvdkaom ausmif;ol?
ausmif;om; (300) cefY½Sdonfteuf (130) om ay;cJhonf/ aiGaMu;tusyftwnf;aMumifh ynma&;r[mXmewGif
oif,laeMuaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;tcsKdU axmufyHhaMu;r&rIaMumifh ynmqufvufoif,l&ef tcuftcJawGU
ae&onf/ ausmif;vc ray;Mu&aom ,cifESpfrsm;uyif axmufyHhaMu;&vdkolwdkif;tm; ay;EdkifcJhao;&m ausmif;vc
,laom 1959 ckESpfwGif ydkrdkíom ay;Edkifp&mjzpfonf/
odYk twGuf ynma&;r[mXmeESihf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdYk n§Ed idI ;f aqG;aEG;um ¤if;wdYk oabmwlq;kH jzwfcsuf
twdkif; ay;apoifhaMumif; awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(i) jrefrm&mZ0ifoD;jcm;oifa&; / / &efukefwuúodkvfwGif pmayoifMum; ydkYcsrIqdkif&mXmersm;teuf ta½SUwdkif;

&mZ0ifXme[lí Xme½SdcJhonf/ ,if;Xmeudk ppfNyD;acwf 1951 ckESpfwGif &mZ0ifXmerS cGJxkwfum oD;jcm;Xmewcktjzpf
wnfaxmifcjhJ cif; jzpfonf/ 1955 ckEpS w f iG f wzef ta½SUwdik ;f &mZ0ifXmeü jrefrm&mZ0ifukd oD;jcm;bmomw&yftjzpf
wdk;csJUum 0dZÆmwef;rsm;wGif oifMum;ydkYcscJhavonf/ 1959-60 ckESpfwGif jrefrm&mZ0if oifMum;olaygif; (800)
ausmfxd wdk;wufrsm;jym;vmcJhonf/
xdkodkY wdk;wufrsm;jym;aeaom jrefrm&mZ0ifoifMum;ydkYcsrIudk 1960-61 ckESpfrSpí &efukefwuúodkvfwGif
oD;jcm;bmom&yftjzpf oifMum;jcif;rjyKawmhbJ zsufodrf;&ef &efukefwuúodkvfqD;edwftzGJUrS qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ odkYt
wGuf toif;tzGJUrsm;? owif;pmq&mrsm;ESifh aqmif;yg;½Sifrsm;rS uefYuGufa&;om; azmfxkwfvmcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh
vnf; &efukefwuúodkvfrS ajz½Sif;csufwckxkwfjyefcJhonf/ jrefrm&mZ0ifoifMum;jcif;udk zsufodrf;jcif;r[kwf? ta½SU
wdkif;&mZ0ifXmerS wdk;csJUum jrefrm&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;bmom w&yftaejzifh oifMum;&mrS q&mrvkHavmufí jrefrm
&mZ0ifowfowf (odkYr[kwf) ta½SUzsm;&mZ0ifowfowf wckckudkom oifMum;jcif;jyK&ef qHk;jzwfjcif;jzpfaMumif;
azmfjycJhonf/
wuúodkvfrS ajz½Sif;csuf? ygarmu©csKyf\ ajymMum;csufwdkYudk avhvmygu q&mrvHkavmufí [laom
taMumif;jycsufom ½Sdayonf/ wuúodkvfwGif q&mrvHkavmufjcif;rSm jrefrm&mZ0ifXme wckwnf;omr[kwf?
bmom&yftrsm;tjym;wGif rvHrk avmufjzpfaeonfrmS txift½Sm; jzpfaeonf/ q&mrvHak vmufíom bmom&yfrsm;
oifMum;ydYkcsjcif;udk &yfqikd ;f &rnfqv kd Qif wuúov kd üf oifMum;ydYkcsEikd of nfh bmom&yftenf;i,fom use½f rdS nfjzpfonf/
jrefrm&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;bmom&yftjzpf oifMum;ydkYcsEdkif&ef q&mr½Sdqdkjcif;rSmvnf; rrSefay/ jrefrm&mZ0if
jzifh &mZ0ifbmomwGif a'gufwmbGJU&cJhaom q&m? q&mrrsm; wuúodkvfwGif½Sdayonf/ xdkYjyif jrefrm&mZ0ifudk
½SmrD;S pkaqmif;cJah om q&mrsm;vnf; wuúov kd üf ½Sad eayonf/ ,if;q&mrsm;u jrefrm&mZ0ifukd wuúov kd üf oifMum;
ydkYcsay;Edkifygonf[lí ajymqdkaeygvsuf q&mrvHkavmuf q&mr½Sd[k taMumif;jyaejcif;rSm rsm;pGmoHo,jzpfzG,f
½Sdaeayonf/
wzef jrefrm&mZ0ifoifMum;jcif;udk zsufodrf;onfr[kwf? jrefrm&mZ0ifowfowf (odkYr[kwf) ta½SUzsm;
&mZ0ifowfowf (odYkr[kw)f ta½SUwdik ;f &mZ0ifEiS hf jrefrm&mZ0ifaygif;um wckcu k kd a½G;cs,o
f ifMum;&ef qdjk cif;rSmvnf;
jynfolvlxkESifh ausmif;om;xktm; vSnfhpm;rIjyKonfh oabmomjzpfonf/
wuúov kd wf iG f jrefrmbmomudk oifMum;rIr@dKifbmomtjzpf jy|mef;csuEf iS yhf wfoufí wuúov kd tf mPmydik f
rsm;wGif rBudKufEpS o f ufot l csKdU ½Sad yonf/ xdo k rl sm;onf t*Fvyd b f momoifMum;rIr@dKif bmom&yftjzpf xm;vdo k l
rsm; jzpfayonf/ jrefrmbmom oifMum;rIr@dKifjzpfonfukd zsuq f ;D vdok rl sm;vnf; jzpfayonf/ odYktwGuf ¤if;wdYkonf
620
t*Fvyd Ef iS jhf refrmbmom&yf (2) ckpvH;k udkd oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yftjzpf owfrw S uf m wpwpzsuford ;f &ef &nf½, G f
vsuf ½Sdayonf/
tcsKUd aomyk*Kd¾ vfrsm;rSm &efuek w f uúovkd u f kd t*Fvefrv
S nf;aumif;? tar&duefrv S nf;aumif; yHwk u
l ;l csvakd y
onf/ jrefrmtrsKd;om;wuúodkvftpm; EdkifiHjcm;yHkwlwuúodkvfjzpfcJhvQif jrefrmEdkifiHtusKd;udk xrf;½GufEdkifaom
wuúodkvf jzpfvmrnf r[kwfay/ jrefrmESifht*FvefwdkY &yfwnfyHkudk rEIdif;,SOfbJ BudK;pm;jcif;onf? jrefrmtrsKd;om;
a&;udk qefYusifonfh oabm½SdaeaMumif; xif½Sm;aeonf/
wdkif;jynfwdkif;rS &mZ0ifudk tav;xm;oifMum;&mwGif rdrdwdkYtrsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmudk xdef;odrf;
jcif;? wdik ;f jynfEiS v hf rl sKd; wnfwahH tmif jyKrljcif; tajccHjzpfay&m jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f jrefrm&mZ0ifonf oifuo kd ifoifah om
bmom&yfjzpfonf/ wuúodkvfwm0efcH wa,mufajymif;wdkif; rdrdwdkYqE´tavQmuf bmom&yfrsm; wdk;jcif;? zsufjcif;
jyKaevQif wuúodkvf\ tem*wfonf &ifav;zG,f jzpfayonf/
jrefrm&mZ0if oD;jcm;oifMum;jcif;rS rcdik v f akH omtaMumif;jycsufjzifh &yfqikd ;f xm;jcif;onf jrefrmwrsKd;om;
vH;k tm; *,uf½u kd cf wfvsuf ½Sad yonf/ wuoonf aEG&moDausmif;ydw&f uf arv (17) &ufwiG f Edik if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;? toif;tzGUJ rsm;? oHCmawmft½Sijf rwfrsm;odYk zdwMf um;um jrefrm&mZ0ifo;D jcm;oifa&;ESihf aemufqufwpJG mar;yGJ
jyKvkyfay;a&;udk ½Sif;vif;wifjycJhonf/ jynfaxmifpkoHCmhtzGJUcsKyfESifh wdkufe,foHCmrsm; tzGJUtpnf;udk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;rS tMuHay;aqG;aEG;Muayonf/ ,if;jyóemtwGuf wuoonf ygarmu©q&mrsm;tm; vdkufvHawGUqHkum
wifjyjcif;? ar;jref;jcif;rsm;jzifhvnf; BudK;pm;cJhayonf/
wuorS tBudrfBudrf wifjyawmif;qdkonfhMum;rS EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkrS jrefrm&mZ0if oD;jcm;oifMum;
a&;tjyif jrefrm&mZ0if acgif;pD;vufatmufwGifom ta½SUzsm;&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;oif&ef qD;edwfodkY tMuHay;cJhonf/
þonfukd qD;edwrf S vdu k af vQmjcif; r½Sjd yefojzifh aemufq;kH aumifprD S q&mudak c:,l&½Sv d Qif jyefvnfí oD;jcm;oif&ef
[laom qHk;jzwfcsufcsum xm;½Sdaom tajctaeodkY a&mufvmcJh&ayonf/
(p) aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ / / 1960 ck ynmoifESpftpwGif? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh wuúodkvfaumifpDrS &efukef

wuúodkvfwGif tajymif;tvJ jyifqifcsufrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ wuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsuf? ausmif;vcaumufcH
jcif;? (2) cgus pepfusifhoHk;jcif;? pnf;rsOf;opfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;? pmar;yGJpepfopfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;rsm; yg0ifayonf/
pmar;yGpJ epfopfrsm; jyKvkyjf cif;ESihf ywfoufí &efuek w f uúov kd w
f iG f 1960 ckEpS rf S pNyD; ZGev
f aemufqufwJG
pmar;yGJrsm;zsufodrf;í pmar;yGJwckwnf; usif;y&efjyifqifvmonfh pepfopfjzpfonf/ wuoonf 1958 ck? Mo
*kwfvwGif usif;yaom jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS csrSwfonfh ]trsm;BuKd uf
ynma&;pepfrsm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ zefwD;NyD;aomtcg pmar;yGJrsm;udk wESpfwBudrfppfaompepfodkh ajymif;oifUaMumif;}
oabmxm;udk axmufcHcJhonf/ odkYaomf ,cktajctaewGif trsm;BudKuftajctaeESifh udkufnDaom ynma&;pepf
tjzpf zefwD;aomtajctaeodkY ra&mufao;acs/
ynma&;ESiyhf wfoufí pepfopfwck zefw;D rnfqykd gu xdpk epfEiS u hf u kd n
f aD om tajctaeudk BudKwifzefw;D
NyD;rSom pepfopfudkusifhoHk;oifhonf[k wuorS ,lqonf/ 1959-60 ckESpf pmoifESpfwGif ausmif;om;rsm;\
ynmoifMum;rI tajctaeonf pmar;yGJpepfopfESifh udkufnDjcif;? vdkufemEdkifjcif; tajctaer½Sdao;[k ,lqonf/
odkYaomf 1959 ck ESpfOD;rSyif ZGefvaemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJzsufodrf;NyD; pmar;yGJwckwnf;om ppfaq;rnf[k
aMunmxm;onhftwGuf ydkrdkBudK;pmcJhMuonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;cGef;vTm tcuftcJrsm;? usef;rma&;csKdU,Gif;rIrsm;aMumifh
pmar;yGaJ jzqd&k mwGif tcuftcJrsm;½Scd o hJ nf/ xdt k csdeu
f yif 1960 ckEpS t f wGuf aemufqufwpJG mar;yGw J &yf ppfaq;&ef
aumifpDESifh qD;edwfwdkYodkY arwåm&yfcHonf/
1960 ckESpf wuúodkvfpmar;yGJwGif (65) &mcdkifEIef;pepf? tywfpOf enf;jyoifwef;rsm;? tprf;pmar;yGJrsm;udk
jyKvkyfrI½SdNyD; tenf;qHk;trSwf (34) ESifh ysrf;rQtrSwf (40) udk tatmifay;rnfaMunmjcif;? ,cifESpfrsm;u pmar;yGJ
(2) ckaygif; &mcdik Ef eI ;f xuf ,ckpmar;yGw J ckwnf;onf rrsm;aomfvnf; odyef nf;rnf r[kwaf Mumif;yif ajymcJjh cif;rsm;
wdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;u arQmfvifhrI? tm;xm;rI ½SdcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf pmar;yGJatmifpm&if;rSm ,cifpmar;yGJwck\
&mcdkifEIef;xufyif ausmfvGefjcif;r½Sdonfudk awGU&onf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm; vGefpGmepfem&NyD; wzufwGif
(2) cguspepfEiS hf &ifqikd &f jyefonf/ þonfukd wuúov kd t
f "dywd Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfoYkd yefMum;jcif;? awGUqHjk cif;jzifh
tjynfhtpHk wifjy½Sif;vif;cJhonf/ wuúodkvft"dywdrSvnf; aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJusif;ya&;udk ZGefv (29) &uf
qD;edwftzGJUodkY wifjyay;rnf[k jyefMum;cJhonf/
621
1960 ck? ZGev f (29) &ufaeYonf &efuek w f uúov kd f armifr,fopfviG af eYjzpfonf/ wuúov kd t
f "dywdonf
xdktcrf;tem;odkY wufa&mufcg rdefYcGef;ajymMum;rnf jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf wuorS ausmif;om;xkESifh t"dywd\
vmjcif;udk aumif;aomvmjcif;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKum BudKqdk&if; ausmif;om;xk\ aemufqufwGJ&a&;udk qE´jyum
0dkif;0ef;arwåm&yfcHyGJ jyKvkyfcJhonf/
1960 ck? ZGefv (29) &ufaeY nwGif wuúodkvfqD;edwf tpnf;ta0;usif;yum wuúodkvf aemufqufwGJ
pmar;yGJusif;y ray;EdkifaMumif; qHk;jzwfNyD;vQif xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; ½kwfjcnf;tHk<uum
(29) &ufaeYnrSmyif ygarmu©tm; 0dik ;f 0ef;ta&;qdk qE´jycJMh uonf/ pdwv f ukd rf mefyg tajctaewif;rm;rI rjzpfap&ef
wuorS 0ifa&mufxdef;odrf;cJhonf? wm0ef,lcJhonf/ ygarmu©csKyftaejzifh ausmif;om;xkbufrS &yfwnfum
aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJusif;ya&; awmif;qdkay;rnf[k tcdkiftrm uwday;cJhonf/
odYk aomf aemufwaeY (30) reufwiG f uwdzsufvu kd jf yefco
hJ nf/ xdYk aMumifh aemufqufwpJG mar;yGJ usif;ya&;
ESifh jrefrm&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;,cifuuJhodkY oifMum;a&;twGuf (30) &ufaeYwGif rD;wkwfudkifqE´jyyGJudk wuorS
atmifjrifpmG jyKvkycf o hJ nf/ xdqk E´jyyGaJ Mumifh Zlvikd v f (5) &ufaeY Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek\owif;pm½Si;f vif;yGw J iG f
aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJjyKvkyfí jzpfEdkifonfhenf;vrf;udk wifjyvmcJhonf/ ygarmu©csKyfrsm; qD;edwftzGJUrSvnf;
oabmwl vufcHcJhayonf/
þodkYtajctaersm; jyóemrsm; ajyvnfaumif;rGefvmpOfwGif ZGefv (29) &ufESifh (30) &ufaeYrsm;wGif
qE´jyjcif;aMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;pnf;urf; azmufzsufonf? xdkYaMumifh ygarmu©csKyftm; aemifwGif þodkYrusL;vGef
yg[k uwday;awmif;yef&rnf[k ygarmu©csKyf (17) OD;u vufrSwfa&;xdk;í aMunmcJhonf/ (29) &ufaeY qE´jyjcif;
wGif wuorS 0ifa&mufxed ;f odr;f ojzifh at;csr;f oGm;aMumif;udk BudKqdak xmufco H ifyh gvsuf (30) &ufaeYn wuou
OD;pD;NyD; pepfwusqE´jyrIudk ½Iwfcsxm;ayonf/
wuoonf þjzpf&yfudk oabmxm;&mwGif xdkuJhodkY qE´jycJhMujcif;onf ausmif;om;xk\ w&m;aom
vdkvm;csuftwGuf rSefuefpGm awmif;qdkcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuoESifh ausmif;om;xk\ awmif;qdkqE´jyrI
onf rSefuefonf/ odkYaomf rSefuefaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk awmif;qdk&mü epfemcsufrsm; BuD;rm;í jyKrlrIrsm;udk
rcHr&yfjzpfveG ;f aomaMumifh pdwv f u kd rf mefyg jyKrlcrhJ rI sm;½Scd ahJ yonf/ xdpk w d vf u kd rf mefyg jyKrIcrhJ rI sm;twGuf owfowfukd
awmif;yef&ef 0efrav;yg[k aMunmcJhonf/
wuotaeESihf wuúov kd \ f at;csr;f om,ma&;? Nidr;f csr;f pGmynmoifMum;a&;? q&mausmif;om; em;vnfrI
wdk;wufa&;? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;udk vHk;0vdkvm;ayonf/ xdktcsufrsm; atmifjrifa&;udkvnf; tpOfwpdkuf BudK;pm;
cJhayonf/ odkYaomfvnf; jzpfvmaom jyóemrsm;udk ajyvnfpGm ajz½Sif;Edkif&ef vdktyfonf[k ,lqayonf/
xdkYaMumifh ,if;jyóemwGif q&mrsm;taeESifh wm0ef½Sdaom jyóemrsm;ay:wGif wm0ef½Sdonf? wm0ef,l
onf[k azmfjyajz½Sif;&ef vdkayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifhvnf; wm0ef½Sdaom jyóemrsm;tay:wGif wm0ef½Sd
aMumif; azmfjyajz½Sif;í wm0ef,l&ef vdkayonf/ rdrdwdkYwm0ef½Sdaom tydkif;rsm;udkwm0ef,lí wm0efruif;aMumif;
azmfjyajz½Sif;MurSomvQif ppfrSefaom q&m? ausmif;om;tMum; qufqHa&; ajyjypfrIudk&rnfjzpfNyD; at;csrf;om,m
aom wuúodkvfudk tmCmwr½Sd zefwD;EdkifMurnfjzpfaMumif; wifjycJhonf/
odkY&mwGif Zlvdkifv (23) &uf wuúodkvfqD;edwf tpnf;ta0;rS xdkjyóemudk aumifpDodkYvTJum qHk;jzwf&ef
wifxm;qJyif jzpfonf/
aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudpw ö Gif wuoonf oabmxm;rSefuefpGmjzifh ausmif;om;xkESifhwom;wnf; &yf
wnfrIwdkYaMumifh rSefuefaomwdkufyGJrS rSefuefaomatmifjrifrI pmar;yGJudk &½Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif q&mESifh
ausmif;om;wdkY\ qufqHa&;wGif wif;rmrItcsKdU ½Sdaeao;jcif;twGufum; 0rf;enf;zG,fyif jzpfonf/
(q) aq;odyÜHESifUtif*sifeD,m0ifcGifUt&nftcsif;ppfpmar;yGJ / / &efukefwuúodkvf aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ y,fzsuf

jcif;ESifhtwlyif 1960 ckESpf? ESpfOD;ydkif;uyif qD;edwfrS Oypmtxufwef; atmifjrifNyD; vdktyfaomtrSwfrjynfhí
aq;odyÜHESifh tif*sifeD,modkY 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJajzvdkolrsm;tm; trSwfrjynfhaombmomudkom r[kwfbJ bmompHkjyefajz
&rnf jzpfaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
þodkYjyKvkyfjcif;onf aq;odyÜHESifh tif*sifeD,mwdkYwGif vHkavmufaom toHk;taqmifrsm; r½Sdjcif;aMumifh[k
twdtvif; 0efcHxm;jcif;½Sday&m þodkYjyKrIjcif;onf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; aq;odyÜHESifh tif*sifeD,modkY
ta&mufenf;yg;&ef? ra&mufvmEdkif&efu vTJí bmrQt"dyÜg,f r½Sdacs/
622
odkYtwGuf wuorS awmif;qdkcJhonfhjyif wuo\ ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frSvnf; ZGefv (29) &uf

wuúodkvfqD;edwftzGJUodkY wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,ck aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJwGif trSwfrjynfhaom bmomudkom
ajzcGifh&aomfvnf; rludkum; vufcHjcif;r½Sdao;acs/
(6)
obiftcrf;tem;rsm;
(u) usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJ / / &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 1960-61 \ Ouú| usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJ
udk 1959 ck? pufwifbmv (25) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (12) em&Dww d w
d iG f &efuek w
f uúov
kd f ,k'oefcef;rü usif;ycJoh nf/
usrf;opömusdeq f ykd o
JG Ykd ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? or*¾trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;? xif½mS ;aomyk*Kd¾ vfBuD;rsm; wufa&muf
Muonf/
1958-59 ckESpf wuoOuú|a[mif; udkcifarmiftkef;rSm udkudk;uRef;odkY tydkYcH&aomaMumifh wuo Ouú|
a[mif;ESifh EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfa[mif; OD;Eku wdkifay;um Ouú|opf udkvSwif usrf;opömusdefqdkcJhonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif txl;{nfhonfawmftjzpf AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm? yxrqHk; wuoOuú| OD;ausmfcif
wdkYrS rdefYcGef;toD;oD; csD;jr§ifhMuonf/ wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfudk aMunmcJhonf/
xdkusrf;opömusdefqdkyGJtwGuf tpOftvmt& ausmif;aeY0uf ydwfay;aeusudk ygarmu©csKyfrS ydwfray;jcif;?
ygarmu©csKyfESifh q&mrsm; rwufa&mufMujcif;onf 0rf;enf;p&mjzpfonf/
(c) urÇmUausmif;om;aeh / / Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYudk urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾ (I.U.S) rS ausmif;om;rsm;

aeY[k owfrSwfum ESpfpOfusif;ycJhonf/ jrefrmjynfwGif urÇmYausmif;om;aeYudk 1954 ckESpfrSpí usif;ycJhonf/
,ckESpf wGifvnf; Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYwGif wuojrufcif;jyifwGif usif;ycJhonf/ urÇmYausmif;om;aeY rwdkifrD
tBudKaeY rSpí jrefrmausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI "gwfyHkwdkYudk vnf;aumif;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yef;csDausmfBuD;rsm;\
yef;csDum;trsKd;rsKd;udk vnf;aumif;? wuo pmMunfhcef;rwGif jyocJhonf/ urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾ ordkif;pmapmifudk
a0í wuooufom acsmifcsda&; pma&;puúL? pmtdwf ponfrsm;udv k nf; a&mif;cscJo
h nf/ Edik if jH cm;rS ynmvma&muf
oif,laeMuaom vlrsKd;jcm;ausmif;om;rsm;rS rdefYcGef;toD;oD; ajymMuonf/ <ua&mufvmaom {nfhonfrsm;tm;
tauR;tarG;ESifh {nfhcHNyD; ½kyf½Sifjyum azsmfajzcJhonf/
(*) trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh / / (39) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk 1959 ck? Edk0ifbmv (25) &ufaeYwGif
wuo? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfEiS hf &uoausmif;om;or*¾ (3) ckrS yl;wGu J sif;ycJo
h nf/ Advk cf sKyfae0if;tpd;k &ESihf vlxt k zGUJ
tpnf;rsm;odkY wckwnf;aom trsKd;om;aeY usif;ya&;twGuf yefMum;cJhonf/ (39) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY
udk wuúov kd ef ,fajr? Adv
k af tmifausm&f ifjyifü usi;f ycJo
h nf/ trsK;d om;nDñw G af &;wnfaqmufa&;? trsK;d om;ynma&;
wnfaqmufa&;ESihf trsK;d om;vGwv f yfa&; xde;f odr;f a&;paom tqdrk sm;wifoiG ;f qH;k jzwfco hJ nf/ a[majymcsurf sm;udk
tpdk;&rS toHoGif;,lcJhonf/ trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYnwGif yef;csDjyyGJ? ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI "gwfyHkjyyGJ? tNidrfhuyGJ?
wuo &efyakH iGtwGuf pmaomufqikd rf sm; a&mif;jcif;rsm;ESihf wuo taqmuftODukd rD;xGe;f n§jd cif;rsm; jyKvkycf o hJ nf/
(C) q|rtBudrfajrmufwuúodkvfESifUaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJ / / q|rtBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyf

aygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk 1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (7-8-9) &ufaeYrsm;wGif wuo taqmuftODü usif;yjyKvkyfcJh
onf/ &efukefwuúodkvf? rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf? rauG;Oypmaumvdyf? ausmufjzLOypmaum
vdy?f ykord Of ypmaumvdyf or*¾rsm;ESihf &efuek af q;odyEHÜ iS hf tif*sife,
D mausmif;om;or*¾? oufBuD;wuúov kd af usmif;
om;or*¾? ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;? o,m,ESihf pmzwftoif;aygif;csKyf? &efuek cf ½kid af usmif;om;or*¾EiS hf Auorsm;
tzGUJ csKyf? o,m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm; yg0ifum ud, k pf m;vS,f (47) a,muf? avhvmol (21) a,mufwYkd wufa&muf
Muonf/
xdkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm; tajctae? ausmif;pnf;urf;? ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; oabm
xm;? zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm; jyefvTwfa&;ESifh 0&rf;ausmif;om;rsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;ay;a&; yefMum;csuf?
wuúodkvfOya'jyifqifcsuf uefYuGufNyD;? aumifpDwGif oefY½Sif;rS 0ifa&mufta½G;cHjcif;udk 0rf;enf;aMumif;rsm;udk
xkwjf yef&ef oabmwlcMhJ uonf/ pkaygif;awmif;qkMd u&eftwGuf jy|mef;vdu k af om oabmwlncD sufrsm;udk csrSwEf ikd cf hJ
623
onf/ wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifaom ta&;rsm;ESifhywfoufí jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&; wnf

aqmufa&; yefMum;csux f wk &f efEiS hf Edik if w
H uma&;&moabmxm;ESihf aqmif½u
G &f eftMuHay;csurf sm;udk jy|mef;Edik cf o
hJ nf/
(i) Adkvfatmifausmfaeh / / (21) Mudrfajrmuf AdkvfausmfaeY tcrf;tem;udk 1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeY
wGif Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uowdYk EiS hf yl;wGu
J m Adv
k af tmifausmf\ ocFsKdi;f *lwiG pf ½k ;kH oGm;a&muf yef;acGrsm;csí t"d|mef
pmwrf;zwfMum;í t"d|mefjyKcJhonf/
(p) [,f&Dwefaeh / / pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf [,f&DwefaeYudk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifyl;wGJum 1960

ck? rwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/ or*¾ (3) ckrS trIaqmifrsm; pka0;NyD; [,f&Dweftkwf*l½Sd MuHawmokóef
odkY vGrf;olYyef;acG oGm;a&mufcsum t"d|mefpmwrf; zwfMum;cJhonf/
(q) trIaqmifrsm;tzrf;cH&aomESpfvnfaeh / / 1959 ck? {NyDv (3) &ufaeYwGif vufeufudkifwyfom; (200)

ausmfwdkYonf wuo taqmuftODudk 0dkif;0ef;um wuoOuú| udkcifarmiftkef;? twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif; udkatmif
bef;wdkYudk zrf;qD;cJhMuonf/ wuotrIaqmif wOD;jzpfaom udkzdk;omab;tm;vnf; ¤if;\aetdrfwGif zrf;qD;jcif;
jyKcJhonf/ wcsdefwnf;wGif wuo 'k-Ouú| udkbaumif;? wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkcifatmif? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf
udkaZmf0if;wdkYrSm wdrf;a½SmifíaecJh&onf/ zrf;qD;cH&aomausmif;om;rsm;rSm udkudk;uRef;odkY tydkYcH&onf/ xdktzrf;cH
&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhtwl rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;? txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm; vTwf&efESifh 0&rf;
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0&rf;½kyo f rd ;f &ef wESpaf jrmufaeYwiG f awmif;qdck o
hJ nf/ xdak eYwiG f ydpk wmrsm;uyfjcif;? 0rf;enf;aom
txdrf;trSwftjzpf tvHeufrsm; vTifhxljcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/
(Z) udkvdkeDpepf qefhusifa&;aeh / / {NyDv (24) &ufaeYonf EdkifiHwumvli,fausmif;om;rsm;\ udkvdkeD

pepfqefYusifa&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm,SOfwGJaexdkifa&;aeY jzpfonf/ 1955 ck? {NyDv (24) &ufaeYwGif tif'dkeD;½Sm;jynf
befa'gif;NrKdUwGif tif'dkeD;½Sm;? tdE´d,? oD[dkVf? w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiH? jrefrmEdkifiH (5) EdkifiHrS OD;aqmifí tm½S-
tmz&duwdkif;jynfrsm; yg0ifonfh befa'gif;nDvmcHudk usif;ycJhMuonf/ xdknDvmcHrS udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;ESifh
Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJaexdkifa&;udk csrSwfcJhayonf/
xdkaeYwGif wuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? jynfolUvli,ftzGJUcsKyfwdkYESifh yl;wGJum udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;?
Nidrf;csrf;pGm,SOfwGJaexdkifa&; atmifjrifa&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0if&ef aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefcJhonf/
(ps) tmZmenfaeh / / 1960 ck? Zlvdkifv (19) &ufonf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhwuG trsKd;om;acgif;

aqmifBuD;rsm; usqHk;onhf (13) ESpfajrmufaeY jzpfonf/ trsKd;om;ynma&;? trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&; AdokumBuD;rsm;
tm; owd&OD;ñGwfonfhtaeESifh wuo? Auo? &uoESifh wef;cGJwef;cswdkufyGJaumfrwDrsm; yl;aygif;um tmZmenf
AdrmefodkY csDwuftav;jyKum wdkifwnfyGJ usif;ycJhMuonf/
(n) udkudk;uRef;jyefrsm;*kPfjyKyGJ / / 1958 ck? atmufwdkbmvwGif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tm; oefY½Sif;zqyvrS

tmPm vTJajymif;ay;pOfu wuoonf tjyif;txef uefYuGufqE´jycJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifhyif wuotm; EdkifiHa&;
tmCmwrsm;xm;um 1959 ck? {NyDv (5) &ufaeYwGif wuoOuú| udkcifarmiftkef;? trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;ESifh
twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif; udkatmifbef;wdkYtm; zrf;qD;í udkudk;uRef;odkY ydkYaqmifcJhayonf/ (13) vausmfrQ tcsKyf
taESmifcH&NyD; 1960 ck? arv (14) &ufaeYwGif jyefvnfvGwfvmcJhayonf/ rSefuefaom wdkufyGJrsm;? vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;
udk axmufcHum tcdkiftrmjyK&if; vli,fESifhausmif;om; acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; *kPfjyK&efvdkayonf/
odkYtwGuf 1960 ck? arv (21) &ufaeYwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;? toif;tzGJUrsm;udk zdwfMum;í wuo?
AouESifh jynfolYvli,ftzGJUcsKyfwdkYrS BuD;rSL;um *kPfjyKyGJ jyKvkyfcJhonf/
624
(7)
taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;
1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (7) &ufaeYwiG f &efuek w f uúov kd f "gwkaA'Xme ygarmu©q&mOD;bd;k omonf uG,v f eG f
tedpaö &mufcJhayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif (35) ESpfMumrQ trIxrf;cJhaom ynm½Sifq&mwOD; uG,fvGefoGm;jcif;udk
wuorS0rf;enf;aMumif; aMunmí wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHak qG;aEG;yGJ ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESit hf wl ydYk aqmifcohJ nf/
wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJudk ausmif;om;or*¾rS ESpfpOfusif;ycJhMuonf/ xdkodkY usif;y
&mwGif wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDrS aiGESifh tjcm;tultnDrsm; ay;jrJjzpfí odkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh 1959-60 ckESpf
ajy;ckefupm;yGJtwGuf wuúodkvfaumifpDrS aiG (2000) usyf xkwfay;&ef taMumif;Mum;cJhonf/ odkYaomf r&cJhyg/
1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (18) &ufwiG f usi;f ycJah om &efuek w f uúov kd f bGUJ ESi;f obiftcrf;tem;wGif wuúov kd f
t"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfae0if;\ rdefYcGef;tm; wuorS BudKqdkcJhonf/ rdefYcGef;wGif ]q&m? ausmif;om;
jyóemudk Oyrmjyí b,fudpörqdk jyifyya,m*r0if&if q&mESifUausmif;om; n§dEIdif;ajz½Sif;vdkh&aMumif;}? ynma&;
pepfESifhywfoufí ]vuf½ydS nma&;pepfBu;D udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efvt kd yfaMumif;? acwfEiS &Uf ifabmifwef;Edik af om ynma&;
pDrHudef;rsm;vdkaMumif;} jzifh ajymqdkcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhwuorS BudKqdkaxmufcHjcif; jyKcJhonf/
1959-60 ckEpS f pmar;yGrJ sm; ajzqd&k awmhrnft h wGuf ausmif;om;rsm; pmMunfEh ikd &f ef wuo tpnf;ta0;
cef;rtm; eHeufcif;rS n (12) em&Dxd zGifhvSpfí Zefe0g&D (26) &ufaeYrS pwifcGifhjyKcJhonf/ pmMunfhEdkifa&;twGuf
tpDtpOfESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jyKvkyfay;cJhonf/
&efuek w
f uúov kd ?f yif;,aqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif; trIaqmif? or*¾0if ud0k if;armifonf azazmf0g&D
v (22) &ufaeYnu uG,v f eG t
f edpö a&mufcjhJ cif;? ynma&;XmerS aeYausmif;olwOD;jzpfol rwifwifat; (bDattD;'D)
yxrESpfonf 1960 ck? rwfv (6) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGeftedpöa&mufcJhjcif;? oxHkausmif;aqmif 0dZÆmodyÜH (u)
wef; ausmif;om; udkcspf0dwfonf 1960 ck? {NyDv (2) &ufwGif uG,fvGeftedpöa&mufjcif;wdkYudk wuorS tokb
ydkYaqmifcJhonf/
1960 ckESpf? Zlvvdkif (7) &ufaeY t*Fvefjynf? udef;b&pfNrdKUwGif ygarmu©q&mBuD; zmeDA,f uG,fvGef
tedpö a&mufomG ;cJo h nf/ q&mBuD;onf jrefrmjynfwiG f 1902 ckEpS rf pS í tdik pf t D ufpb f 0ESihf trIxrf;cJNh yD; e,fcsJUacwf
vGwv f yfa&;acwf wavQmufv;kH ESihf uG,v f eG o f nfah eYtxd jrefrmjynf\ okawoevkyif ef;rsm;udk tpOfwpdu k v
f yk cf ohJ l
jzpf\/ xdkYtwGuf wuorS q&mBuD;uG,fvGefojzifh rsm;pGm0rf;enf;aMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
rEÅav;aqmifwGif tpm;taomufrsm;aMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; rl;a0atmhtefum "gwfavQmukefMu\/
odYk twGuf ausmif;aqmift&m½Srd w S qifh ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYkd xdu k of ifoh vdk ta&;,laqmif½u G yf g&ef taMumif;
Mum;cJhonf/
(8)
Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;
(u) jyefMum;a&;Xme / / wuo owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;XmerS tcgtm;avsmfpGm owif;vTmrsm; xkwfa0
cJhonf/ wuo\vkyfief;rsm;? oabmxm;rsm;? owif;rsm;udk ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;xkodkY rjywfjzefYcsdcJhonf/
wBudrfvQif apmifa& (2000) cefY½dkufí xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1960-61 ckESpf armifr,fopfvGif tBudKowif;vTm
xkwfa0cJhonf/
(c) oufomacsmifcsda&;Xme / / wuo oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerS zGifhvSpfxm;aomqdkifudk 1959-60 ck

ESpfpwGif wdk;csJUvkyfudkifjcif; jyKcJhonf/ wuúodkvfor0g,r? tif;0pmtkyfwdkufESifh tquftoG,frsm;,lum pmtdwf?
pma&; puúLESifh pmtkyfrsm;omru qyfjym? riftdk;? oGm;wdkufaq;? tvSukeftcsKdUudk wdk;csJUa&mif;cscJhonf/ yvyfpwpf
ypön;f rsm;ESihf ywfoufívnf; rSwyf w kH ifuwfrsm;udk a&mif;csEikd cf o
hJ nf/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyEf iS hf rEÅav;wuúov kd f
ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;odYk vnf; oufomacsmifcsad &;XmerS jzefYcsu d m wifyYkdppD OfEikd cf o
hJ nf/ odYk &mwGif 1959 ck ukeq
f ;kH csed f
ydkif;rsm;wGifum; ypönf;½Sm;yg;rI? aiGaMu;tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh qdkifydwfxm;cJh&ayonf/
(*) vlxkqufqHa&;Xme / / wuo vlxkqufoG,fa&;Xmeonf wuovkyfief;ESifh a&mpyfvsuf½Sdonf

omrsm;ayonf/ jrefrmwdkY\ pmayavmu*kPfjyKjcif; txdrf;trSwfjzpfaom pmqdkawmfaeYudk ewfawmfvqef; (1)
625
&ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;yjrJ jzpfayonf/ pmqdkawmfaeY\ tBudKaeYjzpfaom 1959 ck? Edk0ifbmv (29) &ufaeYnwGif
uavmiftoif;? pme,fZif;toif;wdYk EiS hf wuowdYk yl;aygif;um wuo taqmuftODwiG f pmqdyk nm½Sirf sm;jzpfaom
OD;at;armif? OD;azarmifwif? OD;odef;[ef? rif;ok0PfwdkYtm; uefawmhylaZmfyGJjyKvkyfum vli,fpma&;q&mrsm;\
a[majymyGJrsm;udk jyKvkyfcJhonf/
(C) upm;ckefpm;ESifU,Ofaus;rIXme / / wuo upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXmeonf wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;

\ tm;upm;avmu tqifhtwef;jrifha&;twGuf wuúodkvfq&mrsm\ vspfvsL½Ijcif;cHae&aom wuúodkvftm;
upm;avmu zGUH NzdK;ap&ef ulnt D m;ay;cJo h nf/ jyify tm;upm;NydKifyrJG sm;wGif yg0if,OS Nf ydKifaom wuúov kd rf S tm;upm;
toif;tzGJUESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; txl;tm;ay;cJhMuonf/
wuúodkvfESpfywfvnf ajy;ckefupm;yGJ ydkrdkpnfum;a&;twGuf yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhonf/ 1959 ckESpf 'DZifbm
vwGif ,d;k ',m;jynf? befaumufNrdKUü usi;f yaom ta½SUawmiftm½Sro d m;pk tdv k yH pfNydKifytJG wGuf a½G;cs,jf cif;cH&aom
wuúodkvfrS tm;upm;orm; (17) OD;tm; *kPfjyKyGJjzpfajrmuf&ef BudK;pm;aqmif½Gufí atmifjrifcJhayonf/
1959 ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif tdE´d,jynf? tm*&mNrdKUü usif;yjyKvkyfaom wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk
ajy;ckeu f pm;yGo J Ykd &efuek w f uúov kd rf S xl;cReaf om tm;upm;orm;rsm; yg0if,OS Nf ydKifEikd af &;twGuf wuúov kd t f m;upm;
aumifpDrSwqifh ygarmu©csKyfxHodkY awmif;qdkay;cJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; &efukefwuúodkvfrS tm;upm;orm; (8)
OD; yg0if,OS Nf ydKifciG hf &½Scd ahJ yonf/ jrefrmEdik if w H iG f pmtkypf mwrf;rsm; ½Sm;yg;onft h wGuf Edik if jH cm;wuúov kd rf S tm;upm;
pmtkyfrsm; vSL'gef;Edkif&ef pmjzifha&;om; tultnDawmif;cJhonf/ tcsKdUw0uf&½SdcJhonf/
urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾ 'k-Ouú| rpöwmtbl*pf'g&D\ a,bk,sowif;ay;csuft& 1961 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv
wGif blvaf *;&D;,m;jynf? qdzk , D mNrdKUü usi;f yrnfjzpfaom urÇmYwuúov kd af ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu f pm;yGw J iG f &efuek w f uúov kd f
rS xl;cRefaom tm;upm;orm;rsm; yg0if,SOfNydKifEdkifa&;udk wuúodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwGif wifjy&m rltm;jzifh
vufcHvdkufNyD; jzpfonf/
&efuek w f uúov kd f upm;ckepf m;aumifpw D iG f q&m (5) OD;ESihf wuo ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,f (5) OD;yg0ifc&hJ m
EdkifiHjcm;rS enf;jyq&m awmif;,la&;udk upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwGif wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkYtwGuf tar&duefjynf
zl;(vf)b½du k pf rD u
H ed ;f rS bwfpuwfabm? abmfvaD bm? wif;epfEiS hf a&ul;wdYk twGuf enf;jyq&m rpöwm'pfabmif;0g;
ESifh ZeD;wdkY rMumrDu a&muf½SdvmcJhayonf/
wuúov kd t
f av;r tm;upm;½HBk uD;wGif upm;ol vlO;D a&ESihf rnDrQvmonfwYkdukd awGU½Sí d taqmuftODopf
wdk;csJUa&;udk awmif;qdkay;cJh&m &½SdcJhayonf/
&efuek w f uúov kd f wBudrw f cgrQ avhvmqefppfjcif; rjyKvkycf b hJ ;l aom &efuek w f uúov kd f tm;upm;avmu
ppfwrf;wapmifudk a&;om;í wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDodkY wifoGif;EdkifcJhonf/ b@maiG tcuftcJ½SdrlaMumifh
wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckef;upm;yGJ rjyKvkyfEdkifcJh/ tm;upm;owif;pOf pmapmifrsm; rxkwfEdkifcJhay/
wuúodkvf tm;upm;toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJw&yfudkvnf; Mo*kwfv wwd,ywftwGif;
jyKvkyf&ef pDpOfxm;onf/
1959 ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif jyKvkyfaom rEÅav;wuúodkvf aiG&wkobifyGJodkY udk,fpm;vS,f vTwfjcif;?
wuo\ pDrHuGyfuJrIjzifh jyZmwfyg0ifujy EdkifcJhjcif;rsm;jzifh ulnDcJhonf/
(i) tdk;a0r*¾Zif;Xme / / tdk;a0r*¾Zif;onf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ a<u;aMumfoHjzpfonf/

Zmwdrmefwuf<uzG,f pmrlrsm;? pmayajrmufaom pmaumif;ayrGefrsm;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? rdwfaqGjzpfa&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rI
jr§ifhwifa&; wdkYtwGuf &nfoefí xkwfa0cJhayonf/
1950-60 ckESpfonf wuo\ tESpf (30) ajrmufaom ESpfumvjzpfonf/ tdk;a0r*¾Zif;udk txl;xkwf
jzpfvo kd nf/ odYk &mwGif &efyakH iG tcuftcJrmS rwnfaiGyif r½Sjd zpfco
hJ nf/ odYk twGuf &efyakH iGrsm;udk vdu
k v
f aH umufcu
H m
rwnfaiG½SmazGcJh&onf/ yHkESdyfwdkufrSvnf; aiGaMu;twGuf rsm;pGmulnDcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhrsm;pGmaom tcuftcJMum;
rSyif ESpf (30) ajrmuf wuo\ tdk;a0r*¾Zif;onf wrlxl;jcm;pGm xkwfa0Edkifayawmhrnf jzpfonf/ 1960 ck?
Mo*kwfvtwGif; xGufvmEdkifrnf jzpfonf/
(p) EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;Xme / / ausmif;om;xkESifh jynfolvlxktwGuf wuo\ ajymifajrmufaom wdkuf

626
yGrJ sm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? urÇmYausmif;om;tcsif;csif; aoG;pnf;nDñw G af &;vkyif ef;rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? wuo

\ *kPfodu©monf urÇmYwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif xif½Sm;ay:vGifcJhonf/ EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;avmuwGif xif½Sm;onfh
tzGYJ tpnf;rsm;jzpfonfh (IUS/ Cosec) ESpcf pk vH;k ESihf wuoonf qufo, G cf o
hJ nf/ qufo, G &f mwGif tajccHEpS cf suf
ay:wGif rlwnfNyD; qufoG,fcJhonf/
1/ EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; wnfaqmufa&;ESifh tvkyfwlyl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;/
2/ e,fcsJUqefYusifwdkufzsufa&;ESifh urÇmNidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufa&; ponfwdkY jzpfonf/
yÍörtBudraf jrmuf urÇmausmif;om;rsm;tzGUJ csKyf uGe*f &ufNyD;ajrmufNyD; aemufyikd ;f umvwGif ta½SUawmifyikd ;f
½Sd ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh wuoonf qufoG,frIwGif txl;wdk;wuf aumif;rGefvmcJhonf/
awmiftmz&duwdkuf½Sd ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ vljzLvlrJcGJjcm;csuf wdkufzsufa&;wdkufyGJ? tJvf*sD;&D;,m;½Sd
ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJ? awmifudk&D;,m; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ qpfref&D;
zufqpftmPm½Siftpdk;& wdkufzsufa&;wdkufyGJ? wl&uD½Sd ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ ref;ZD;zufqpftmPm½Siftpdk;&
wdu k zf suaf &;wdu k yf ?JG *syef½dS ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ tar&duef wynfh tvdak wmf&d uD½dS tpd;k &zsuaf &;? *syefjynftm;
uRefjyKvkyfrnfh *syef-tar&duef ppfajyNidrf;a&;pmcsKyf zsufodrf;a&;ESifh [dkuf'½dk*sif-tEkjrLAHk; rprf;oyfrazmufcGJa&;?
vHk;0ydwfyifa&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;wdkufyGJwdkYudk wuorS axmufcHcJhonf/
wuoonf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYwGif wcrf;wem; atmifjrifpGmusif;yjyK
vkyEf ikd cf o
hJ nf/ "gwfyjkH yyG?J yef;csjD yyGrJ sm;tjyif <ua&mufvmaom {nfo h nfrsm;tm; {nfcaH uR;arG;jcif;ESihf ½ky½f iS u
f m;jzifh
azsmfajzjcif;rsm;jzifh usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ EdkifiHwumrS ynmoifrsm; pHknDpGm wufa&mufqifEGJcJhMuonf/
qd½k ,S vf pfwikd ;f jynfrsm;rSty usefEikd if w
H um½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf wuoqufo, G &f mwGif tquftoG,f
vG,fulonf/ qdk½S,fvpfwdkif;jynf½Sd ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh wuoqufoG,f&mwGif EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&
onf qufoG,fa&;udk xdef;csKyfcs,fvS,frIrsm; jyKcJhonf/
urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾rS 'k-Ouú| rpöwmtbl*pf'g&DESifh tzGJU0if (1) OD;jzpfaom qefwdkqmwdkYonf jrefrm
EdkifiHodkY a&muf½SdNyD; wuotrIaqmifrsm;ESifh w&m;0ifaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ odkYtwGuf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ESifh
wuo qufoG,fa&;onfvnf; ydkrdkwdk;wufvmcJhonf/
EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS usif;yjyKvkyfaom ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;yGJrsm;? uGefz&ifhESifh
uGef*&ufrsm;odkY wuorS udk,fpm;vS,fwufa&muf&ef tcsdefrD zdwfMum;cJhMuonf/
(6) Budrfajrmuf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾tzGJUcsKyf uGef*&uf (atmufwdkbmvtwGif; tD&wfEdkifiH? buf*¾
'ufNrdKUawmf) odkY wufa&muf&ef urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS zdwfMum;cJhonf/
(9) Budraf jrmuf Edik if w H umausmif;om;uGe*f &uf (Mo*kwv f 21-31? qGpZf mvef) odYk Cosec rSvnf;aumif;?
tm½Sa'oEÅ& ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;yGJ (rwfv 21 &uf {NyDv 8 &uf? rav;jynf) odkY Cosec rSvnf;aumif;?
wwd,tBudraf jrmuf Edik if w H umausmif;om;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG (pufwifbmv 1-11 &uf? pawmh[rk ;f ) odYk pawmh[rk ;f
A[dkausmif;om;rsm;tpnf;t½Hk;rS vnf;aumif;? aEG&moDausmif;oifwef; (Zlvdkifv 1-14 &uf? Crimea) odkY
qdkAD,ufEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;aumifpDrSvnf;aumif;? (11) Budrfajrmuf EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;
ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;yGJ (Mo*kwfv 5-13 &uf qGD'if) odkY qGD'ifEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS vnf;aumif;?
(7) Budrfajrmuf EdkifiHwumausmif;om;uGefz&ifh (Zlvdkifv 18 - Mo*kwfv 14? *syef) odkY EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;rsm;
toif;? *syefrS vnf;aumif;? yxrtBudrfajrmuf EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;yGJ (Zlvdkifv 17-
27 &uf? ,l*dkpvyf) odkY ,l*dkpvyfEdkifiHausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHwumvli,faqG;aEG;yGJ ({NyDv
17-22 &uf? taemufbmvif) odYk wuotm; A.I.J (WR) rS vnf;aumif;? wufa&muf&ef zdwMf um;jcif;cHc&hJ onf/
xdkzdwfMum;csufrsm;udk wuoonf vufcH&½Sdjim;aomfvnf; tajctaet&yf&yfrsm;aMumifh yg0ifaqG;aEG;
Edkifjcif; r½SdcJhacs/ tajctaetusyfwnf; Mum;xJrS twwfEdkifqHk;BudK;pm;NyD; (6) Budrfajrmuf urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾
tzGJUcsKyfuGef*&ufodkY wuorS udk,fpm;vS,f wufa&mufEdkif&ef qufvufBudK;yrf; oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
(9)
aus;Zl;wif&Sdjcif;
1959-60 ckESpf wuotrIaqmif\ vkyfief;rsm;udk wifjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/
wuoa½G;aumufyGJtwGuf aqmif½Gufay;aom a½G;aumufyGJBuD;Muyfa&;tzGJUESifh q&m? q&mrrsm;tm;
627
vnf;aumif;? urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYESifh trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY jyyGJjyKvkyf&mwGif wm0ef,laqmif½Gufay;aom yef;csD

q&m OD;eef;a0tm;vnf;aumif;? "gwfyjkH yyGwJ iG f "gwfyrkH sm;pkaqmif;pdu
k x
f w
k af y;aom [Hom0wD owif;pmrS OD;a½Tarmif
tm;vnf;aumif;? rEÅav;aiG&wkobifoYkd uyGt J ultnDay;&mwGif wm0efcu H n
l aD y;aom vli,f'g½du
k w
f m wuúov
kd f
jrwfav;tm;vnf;aumif;? w,fvDzHk;aMu;ray;qyfEdkifojzifh jyefvnfwyfqifay;&efBudK;pm;&mü aiG (100) vSLay;
aom EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ektm;vnf;aumif;? aiG (100) vSLay;aom wuoxrif;qdkifrS a':MunfMunftm;vnf;
aumif;? tdk;a0r*¾Zif; xkwfEdkifa&;twGuf rwnfaiGvSL'gef;yg0ifMuaom trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;? t&m½SdBuD;rsm;?
ukefonfrsm;? owif;pmwdkufrsm;tm;vnf;aumif; wuorS txl;aus;Zl;wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/
(10)
ed*Hk;
&Jabmfw-hkd
1959-60 or*¾oufwef;onf? ql;ajimifhcvkwfrsm;jzifh jynfhvQrf;aeaom tMurf;wrf;qHk;c&D; jzpfonf/
wjynfvHk;wGif 'Drdkua&pDqdwfokOf;um? jynfolw&yfvHk;rSm tylvHk;<uvsuf½Sdaom umvjzpfonf/ jyif;xefaom
rkew
f ikd ;f Mum;0,f or*¾onf rm;rm;&yfEikd pf rG ;f ygrnfavm[lí &ifwrrjzpfc&hJ onf/ ]ausmif;om;jynfot l m;udk rnforl Q
rwm;Edik ?f wm;qD;Edik af om&mZ0ifonf urÇmwGirf ½S}d [laom oabmudk w½kwjf ynfoYl or®wEdik if H ausmif;om;jynfow l Ykd
\wdu k yf ?JG tm&yfjynfaxmifpo k r®wEdik if H ausmif;om;wdYk \ wdu
k yf ?JG tD&wfausmif;om;wdYk \ wdu
k yf ?JG *syefjynfausmif;
om;vli,frsm;\ *syef-tar&duef pmcsKyfzsufodrf;a&;ESifh uD½SDtpdk;& EkwfxGufay;a&;wdkufyGJ? awmiftmz&duESifh
tJvf*sD;&D;,m; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJ? awmifudk&D;,m;ESifh wl&uD½Sd ausmif;om;
vli,fwdkY\ zufqpftmPm½Siftpdk;& wdkufzsufa&;wdkufyGJrsm;wGif txift½Sm;jyvsuf ½Sdacsonf/
or*¾&aJ bmfw-hkd
wuoonf BuD;rm;aomtEÅ&m,fESifh &ifqdkifcJh&NyD; ausmif;om;jynfolwdkYtwGuf aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;?
wuovkyif ef;wdYk ukd zsufq;D &ef w&m;rJph mG vkyMf uHjcif;rsm; cHcMhJ u&onf/ odYk wapvnf; igwdYk wuoonf oufwrf;
(30) jynfah jrmufco
hJ nfwikd af tmif ausmif;om;xktwGuf ud, k u f sKd;rzufaom&mZ0if? jynfov
l xl t
k wGuf opömrzsuf
cJhaom tpOftvmrsm;udk tav;teufjyKum MuHUMuHUcH &yfwnfEdkifpGrf;cJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;jynfolwdkY tm;aMumifh
'Drukd a&pD\ qefYusibf uftrdu k of m;rsm;onf ,m,Dtm;jzifh z,f½mS ;oGm;cJah yonf/ odYk aomf qufvufí BudK;yrf;&ay
OD;rnf? or*¾ysujf ym;ap&ef MuH½, G cf surf sm;½Sad eay&m or*¾wnfwchH ikd jf rJa&;twGuf qufvufcsw D ufMu&ef vkad yonf/
rSefuefaom oabmxm;ESifh ausmif;om;jynfolwdkY\ tiftm;onf atmifyGJudk qifETJEdkifrnfomwnf;/
- igwdkhtm;um; ausmif;om;? igwdkhvufeufum; or*¾

- ynma&;vkyfaqmifcsuf uefhuGufMu
- or*¾wnfjrJa&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu
- wuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾ t"Gefh½SnfwnfjrJygap
(yH)k
pdef0if;Ä
'k-Ouú|
aehpGJ- 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv 7 &uf (tdk;a0ESpfvnfpmapmif) (1959-60)
628
OD;vSwif
(1959-60)
u&ifjynfe,f? bm;tHNrKdUwGif arG;zGm;onf/ 1955-56 ckwGif armfvNrKdifOypmaumvdyfwGif ynmqnf;yl;í

1957-58 wGif &efukefwuúodkvfü qufvuf ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1958-59ckwGif wuotrIaqmiftzGJUü
td;k a0r*¾Zif; t,f'w D mtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&í 1959-60 ckwiG f wuoOuú|jzpfonf/ Ouú|opf usr;f opöm
used qf ykd w
JG iG f xdpk Ofu oefY½iS ;f zqyv Ouú|jzpfol ,ckEikd if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfO;D Eku opömqdak y;onf/
'Drdkua&pDa&; arSmifuscsdefü wuoonf tusyftwnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifcJh&onf/ wuo\ tcGifhta&;rsm;

½kyo
f rd ;f cH&onf/ wuúov kd af umifpo
D nf or*¾0ifaMu;rsm; aumufcaH y;&mrS &yfqikd ;f ypfco
hJ nf/
ausmif;aqmifaecGifh pnf;urf;udk jyifqifum ae&mcsxm;rI ajymif;vJrIrsm;aMumifh ausmif;om;qE´jyyGJrsm;

ay:cJo
h nf/ atmufwb kd mausmif;ydw&f ufwiG f ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;aqmifaecGiEhf iS hf ywfoufí rD;wkwu
f ikd f
qE´jyyGrJ sm;jzpfco
hJ nf/ wuúov kd t
f mPmydik rf sm;u awmif;yef&rnf[k tusyfuikd jf cif;cHc&hJ onf/
wuúov kd f tufOya'jyifqifcsut
f & ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f wuúov kd af umifpD vlBuD; (2) OD;udk ausmif;om;
xk rJqE´jzifha½G;cs,f&m wuorS wifoGif;aom udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; a½G;cs,fcH&onf/
wuúov kd w
f iG f pmayoifMum;ydYkcs&mü bmom&yfrsm;ESiyhf wfoufí ajymif;vJjcif;rsm; jyKvyk cf \ hJ / jrefrm&mZ0ifukd
bmomw&yftjzpf oifMum;ae&mrS &yfqikd ;f ypfojzifh ausmif;om;jynforl sm;u uefYuu G Mf uonf/ wuúov kd f
aemufqufwJG pmar;yGu J si;f ya&;twGuf BuD;rm;aom ausmif;om;xkqE´jyrIBuD;rsm; ay:aygufco hJ nf/ ygarmu©
csKyftrd u
f kd 0dik ;f í ta&;qdjk cif;rsm; jzpfco
hJ nf/ wuúov kd t
f "dywd Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Eku jrefrm&mZ0ifukd
qufvufoifMum;apjcif;? aemufqufwJG pmar;yGu J si;f y&ef wduk w
f eG ;f qH;k jzwfjcif;rsm; jyKco
hJ nf/ aemufqufwJG
pmar;yGrJ sm;udk pufwifbmvwGif usif;yay;cJo h nf/
udkvSwifonf wuúodkvfü qufvufynm qnf;yl;qJjzpf\/
(wzufpmrsuEf mS rS)
udkpdef0if;Ä (oHk;cG)- 1959-60 ck wuo ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmonf wuoordkif;wGif txl;jcm;qHk; tjynfhpHkqHk;xJrS wckjzpfonf/
1971 ck? arvrS ZGefvtxd uRef;pepfzsufodrf;a&; tpmiwfcHqE´jywdkufyJGwGif wdkufyJG0ifcJhNyD;? uRef;pepfysufNyD; tif;pdef
(wJGzufaxmif) odkY olYtm; vlemxrf;pOfjzifho,fum uRef;wdkufü tusOf;csxm;cJhonf/ uRef;wdkufyJG aemufxyf
ESp&f ufo;kH &ufqufygu udpk ed 0f if;yg aoqH;k oGm;Edik o
f nf/ ¤if;'Pfrsm;aMumifh aoqH;k csed tf xd use;f rma&;csKUd ,Gi;f cJ&h onf/
aemufq;kH tBudrf axmifxaJ &muf awmhvnf; ¤if;'Pfrsm;aMumifyh if uG,v hJ nf/ (OD;vSaz rSwcf suf- jirf;? udpk ed 0f if;-
f eG cf o
oHk;cG? pm- 12? trSwfpOf- 4? ar 2000/ w,fvDzkef;ar;jref;csuf)
1988 ck? pufwifbmv ppfwyftmPmodrf;tNyD; e,fpyfodkYxGuftvm rlvusef;rma&; csKdU,Gif;aom'PfaMumifh vrf;c&D;
zifhaES;aeNyD; ajcaxmufwGif'Pf&m&um e0w\ zrf;qD;jcif;cH&onf/ 1990 'DZifbmwGif tonf;toefaeraumif;
jzpfí 1991 Zefe0g&Dvqef;wGif tif;pdefaxmifaq;½HkodkY wifvdkuf&onf/ 1991 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (10) &ufaeYwGif
axmifaq;½HkwGif uG,fvGefonf/ (tusOf;axmifxJrS tmZmenfrsm;? {&m0wDpmtkyfwdkuf? 1999? pm-18/ atatyDyD)629
&efuek w
f uúov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ trIaqmiftzGUJ (1959- 1960)
rcifcifapm udkAaqGav; udkvSwif udkpdef0if; udkndK0if;

(pmMunfhwdkufrSL;) (aiGxdef;) (Ouú|) ('k-Ouú|) (twGif;a&;rSL;)
udkjroef; udkudkMunf udkatmif0if; udkwifarmifaqG udkausmfvIdif udkatmifodrf;Edkif
(wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;) (vlxkqufoG,fa&;) (oufomacsmifcsda&;) (,Ofaus;rIESifhupm;ckefpm;) (EdkifiHjcm;a&;) (tdk;a0wm0efcH)
ygy,m; em½dkif;em; OD;uHodef; udkbay: udkvSausmf
&efuek w
f uúov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ - td;k a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD (1959-1960) Source: Oway Magazines
630 rcifcifat; (trIaqmif) udkAaqGav; (aiGxdef;) udkatmifodrf;Edkif (tdk;a0wm0efcH) udkxGm;pdef (twGif;a&;rSL;)

udkoef;armif (trIaqmif) udkeE´ (trIaqmif) udkvSa½T (trIaqmif)
Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D tpd;k &acwf wuo (17) vc&D; ("gwyf u
kH @)
rSwfcsuf- tdk;a0r*¾Zif;rS jznfhpGufazmfjyonf/
631
632
633
634
635
636
(Ouú| udv
k w
S if rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf)
637
(0J- Ouú|opf udkvSwif)
(yH-k ¤if;a½G;yJwG iG f oef½h iS ;f zqyv ud,

k pf m;vS,½f ;HI ojzifh oef½Y iS ;f
rdom;pk ½I;H yJBG u;D [k ydpk wma&;í vSnv Uf nfvmMupOf)
638
udak tmiford ;f Edik f - vufrSwfxdk;xm;ol tdk;a0wm0efcH udkatmifodrf;Edkifonf AuyodkY awmcdkoGm;cJhNyD; vlxka':trmom;tBuD; udkpdk;0if;ESifh
twl jzKwf? xkwf? owf- ao'Pfay;ta&;,lcH&onf/ 639
640
641
tcef; (23)

'Dru
kd a&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY
trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f
(1960 rS 1961)
(u) 1960-61 &efuek w

f uúov
kd af usmif;om;or*¾trIaqmiftzGUJ
udkwifat; Ouú|
udkwifarmif 'k-Ouú|
udkeE´ (0dZÆm-*kPfxl;) aiGxdef;
udkAaqGav; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
udkapmarmif wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;XmerSL;
udkxGef;Munf EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
udkrif;axG; upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL;
udkvSMunf vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
udkombef; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;
udkvSa½T tdk;a0wm0efcH
udkjrodef; pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(c) &efuek w
f uúov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (1960-61) Ouú|opf usr;f opömused q
f ykd JG
Ouú|opfudkwifat;rdefhcGef; (1960 ck? Edk0ifbmv 17 &uf)
{nfUonfawmfvlBuD;rif;rsm;? q&m^q&mrrsm;? &Jabmfausmif;olôm;rsm;cifAsm;-
(31) ESpaf jrmuf wuoOuú|tjzpf uReaf wmfu h kd wm0efay;MuwJth wGuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om *kP,
f rl yd gw,f/
ay;tyfwJhwm0efudkvnf; xrf;aqmifyghr,fvdkY usrf;opömusdefqdkNyD;ygNyD/
ausmif;om;xku ,Hk,HkMunfMunf ay;tyfwJh ausmif;om;wm0efrsm;eJY rdbjynfolrsm;uay;tyfwJh trsKd;
642
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif
om;a&; wm0efrsm;udk wuo&JUordkif;pOfrSm ydkrdkxGef;ajymifa&;twGuf uRefawmfeJY uRefawmfhtrIaqmiftzGJU[m

ajc okwfykqdk;? a>rpG,fusKd;rQ xrf;aqmifyghr,fqdkwm uwday;yg&ap/
uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJU&JU oabmxm;rsm;udk rajymMum;rD wuo&JUordkif;pOfrSm tMurf;wrf;qHk;vdkY
qdk&r,fh c&D;Murf;BuD;udk ausmfvTm;EdkifcJhwJh NyD;cJhwJhESpf trIaqmiftzGJU&JU atmifjrifpGmBudK;yrf;EdkifrIudk OD;pGmyxr
rSwfwrf;wifvdkygw,f/ wuoBuD; aysmufuG,foGm;atmif zsufqD;jcif;cH&wJhtcsdefrSm wuo wnfwHhcdkifjrJatmif
tEÅ&m,ftaygif;ud&k ifqikd Nf yD; ausmif;om;xkEiS t hf wl umuG,Ef ikd o
f t l jzpf 1959-60 ckEpS f trIaqmiftzGUJ udk uReaf wmf
wdkY av;pm;*kPfjyK rSwfwrf;wifvdkufygw,f/
'DvNkd yD;cJw
h hJ trIaqmiftzGUJ u wnfwchH ikd jf rJatmif xde;f odr;f cJw h hJ wuoudk uReaf wmfwUkd qufvufwm0ef,l
yghr,f? wuo&JUordkif;pOf xGef;ajymifatmif qufvufBudK;pm;yghr,f/ tvif;udktarSmifeJY zsufqD;wJY tcsdefumv
rsKd;ESifh MuHKvmjyefvQifvnf; uRefawmfwdkY wdkufcdkufausmfvTm;yghr,f/
'DaeYwjynfv;kH rSm½Sw d hJ ausmif;om;rsm;&JUcHpm;csuf? epfemcsufrsm;[m trsm;tjym;½Sw d ,f/ wuúov kd af usmif;
om;awGyjJ zpfjzpf txufwef;ausmif;om;awGyjJ zpfjzpf cHpm;&csuf epfem&csufrsm;[m wlnyD gw,f/ 'DaeYwjynfv;kH rSm
or*¾awG vGwv f yfpmG zGUJ pnf;cGihf r½Sjd zpfaeygao;w,f/ 'g[m 'Dru kd a&pDa&;twGuf raumif;wJv h u©Pm jzpfygw,f/
or*¾awG[m e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ordkif;rSm tifrwefxGef;ajymifcJhygw,f/ 'Drdkua&pDudk wzGzGa<u;aMumfaewJh tpdk;&
acwfrmS or*¾awG vGwv f yfpmG zGUJ pnf;cGihf r½Sad o;wm[mjzifh vGepf mG 0rf;enf;zdYk aumif;ygw,f/ wuo&JU 'DaeY&yfwnfrI
udkvnf; MunfhygtHk;? wuo&yfwnfae&wJh tajcaeawG[m wuoBuD; NydKuGJoGm;atmif zsufqD;EdkifwJh tiftm;r½Sd
ayr,fh wuotay:rSm ½IjrifaeMuwJh oabmxm;rsm; rSeu f efvmNyDvYkd rqdEk ikd af o;ygbl;/ avsmayghpmG ½IjrifcsufawG?
wvGJwacsmf ½IjrifwmawG trsm;tjym; ½Sdaeygao;w,f/ wuoudk½IjrifwJhae&mrSm ausmif;om;wm0efeJY trsKd;om;
wm0efrsm;udk ESpaf ygif; (30) wdik w f ikd f rjywfrvyf xrf;aqmifcw hJ hJ xrf;aqmifaeqJvnf;jzpfwhJ ArmjynfrmS oufwrf;
t&ifhqHk;aom tzGJUtpnf;BuD; wcktaeeJY MunfhjrifzdkYvdkygw,f/ udkvdkeDuRefjyKa&; 0g'orm;awG e,fcsJUorm;awG
zufqpfawG[m wuotaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; odoGm;ygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkYuawmh b,fvdk tajctaerSmyJa&mufa&muf or*¾awG vGwfvyfpGm zGJUpnf;cGifhESifh wygwnf;
trdwuoBuD; wnfwHhatmif uRefawmfwdkY toufeJYqufNyD; BudK;yrf;ygr,fvdkY uwday;ygw,f/
{nfUonfawmfrsm;? q&m^q&mrrsm;ESifU &Jabmfausmif;olôm;rsm; cifAsm;-

wuo[m 'DuaeY trsKd;om;a&;wnfaqmufa&;udk xdyfwef;xm;NyD; BudK;yrf;oGm;ygrnf/ trsKd;om;ynm
a&; wnfaqmufa&;twGuf ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk uRefawmfwdkY wifjy vkyfaqmifcJhMuygw,f/
'DuaeY ynma&;tajctae[m rwnfrNidrfeJY BuD;rmvmwJh tusyftwnf;udk &ifqdkifae&ygw,f/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;
(12) ESpf oufwrf;rSm ynma&;eJY ywfoufvdkY wdk;wufrI tvGefenf;yg;w,f/ 'DaeYynmoiftprSm ausmif;om;xkeJY
jynfoal wGyg tH<k uawmif;qdMk uwJh wef;cGw J ef;csjyóem? wuúov kd rf mS qd&k if aemufqufwJG jyóemawG[m ynma&;
tusyftwnf; 'Pfcsuf&JU om"uawGygyJ/ a½SUudk'Dtwdkif;om qufoGm;aer,fqdk&if ydkrdkqdk;0g;wJh tajctaeawG
jzpfay:vmrSmrdkY trsKd;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfusif;yNyD; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef uRefawmfwdkY wifjycJh
ygw,f/
'gayrJh EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u ausmif;om;rsm; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJudk oabmwlcJhí 1958 ckESpfrSm jynf
axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;u atmifjrifpGm usif;y
EdkifcJhygw,f/ ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrItwGuf ausmif;om;rsm;taeeJY aumif;jrwfaom tMuHrsm;udk ay;EdkifcJhygw,f/
odkYaomfvnf; EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mtrsKd;om;ynma&; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yfudk qufvufvdktyfao;w,fvdkY EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&tm; wdkufwGef;qJjzpfygw,f/ ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrSm jynfolw&yfvHk;&JU yg0ifBudK;yrf;rI vdktyfw,fvdkY
uReaf wmfwYkd ,HMk unfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;? vlxv
k w l ef;pm; tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;? Xmeqdik &f m
yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;? ynma&;pdw0f ifpm;olrsm; tm;vH;k yg0ifaqG;aEG;ndE§ idI ;f vsuf Edik if v H ;kH qdik &f m ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf w
JG &yfukd
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;usif;yay;ygvdkY xyfrHwdkufwGef;tyfygw,f/
vlBuD;rif;rsm;ESifU &Jabmfausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;cifAsm;-

wuotpOftjrJ owd½Sd½SdESifhxrf;aqmif&wJh wm0ef[m ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;jzpfygw,f/
ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&; umuG,af &;udk rqkwrf epf uReaf wmfwYkd qufvuf xrf;aqmifyghr,f/ qH;k ½I;H aewJh ausmif;om;
643
tcGifhta&; trsm;tjym;udkawmh razmfjyvdkawmhygbl;/ txif½Sm;qHk; om"uwckudk azmfjy&vQif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;

tpdk;&vufxuf 1959 ck &efukefwuúodkvf tufOya'jyifqifcsuf[m wuo&JU e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;a&;
wdkufyGJrS&½SdwJh ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;udk csKd;ESdrfvdkufjcif; jzpfygw,f/ 1958 ck jyifqifcsuft& wuo&JU w&m;0if
udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk &efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDu xkwfy,fcJhygw,f/ wuúodkvfaumifpDrSm tjcm;aomXmeawGu
wdkuf½dkufudk,fpm;vS,f yg0ifcGifh &½Sdayr,fh wuoudkawmh 'DtcGifhta&; ½kyfodrf;ypfvdkufw,f/ 'g[m wuo&JU
xGef;ajymifwJh &mZ0ifudk csKd;ESdrfjcif; jzpfw,f/ wuo&JU&mZ0ifudk *kPfodu©mudk edrfhusatmif xdyg;apmfum;jcif;yJ/
'Dvdk wuoudk csKd;ESdrfwJhae&mrSm wuo acgif;aqmifa[mif;awG yg0ifaewmudk 0rf;enf;pGm awGU&w,f/
wuo&JU udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;[m &efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDrSm yg0ifoifhw,fvdkY ,aeYwdkif uRefawmfwdkY
,HMk unfygw,f/ yg0ifciG &hf atmifvnf; qufvufwu kd yf 0JG ifygr,f/ &efuek wf uúov kd &f UJ ta&;tcif;rSeo f rQrmS wuo
ud, k pf m;vS,rf ygbJ b,fenf;ESirhf Q ajz½Si;f vdYk r&bl;qdwk m &mZ0ifu oufaocHaeygw,f/ tpd;k &? wuúov kd t f mPm
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xkudk rvSnfUpm;ESifU? ynma&;0efBuD;OD;at;armif razmufjyefESifU? bD½SDxHk;ESvHk;rlavmU? or*¾w&m;0if&yfwnfcGifUay;}
ponfh a<u;aMumfoHrsm; [pfa<u;cJhonf/
647
(*-6) ref;ausmif;om;rsm;vIyf½Sm;rI
1961ck Mo*kwfv (15) &uf? eHeuf (7) em&DrS pwifí rEÅav;c½dkifAuorS OD;pD;NyD; em&Daygif; (60)
tpmiwfcq H E´jyyGuJ kd rEÅav; taemufawmifusK;H axmifw h iG f usi;f y&m ausmif;om; (600) ausmyf g0if tpmiwfcq
H E´jy
Muonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;onf (2) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf &yfqdkif;ypf? wef;cGJwef;cs &yfqdkif;ypf? trsKd;om;ynma&;
ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG usi;f ya&;? ausmif;om;ta&; ygvrD efwiG qf ;kH jzwfay;yg? at;csr;f pGm ynmoifMum;a&;twGuf tpmiwfcH
qE´jyygonf [laom ydkpwmrsm;axmifí tpmiwfcHqE´jyMuonf/
(*-7) wef;cGJwef;cs&yfqdkif;ypfa&; ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJ

wuúodkvfwef;cGJwef;cspepf 'PfudkrcH&yfEdkifwJhtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf wef;cGJwef;cs&yfqdkif;ypfa&;
aumfrwDukd ZGev f (15) &ufaeY &efuek wf uúov kd f or*¾cef;raqmifrmS &efuek cf ½dik af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾u a½SUaqmifí
zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfuvnf; NrdKUe,ftvdkuf c½dkifwdkufyGJaumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;í qE´jycJhMuonf/ qE´jy
rIrsm; us,fjyefYvmí EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u owif;pmuGefz&ifhwGif (15) &ufeJY (1) vtMum;rSm aMunmEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY
ynma&;0efBuD;u ajzMum;oGm;&onf/ xdkYaemuf 30? 7? 61 wGif 0efBuD;csKyfu owif;pmuGefz&ifhwGif aMunmcsuf
xkwfjyef&mü-
1/ 1960-61 ckESpfrSm wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk &yfqdkif;ypfvdkufonf/ pepfa[mif;twdkif; vkyfrnf/ wuúodkvf
pmar;yGJ rvkyfbl;/ ynma&;Xme vkyfrnf/
2/ 1962 ckESpfupNyD; wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk jyefusifUoHk;rnf/
3/ 1961 ckESpfupNyD; owÅrwef;pmar;yGJudk tpdk;&ppf rjyKvkyfawmUbJ ausmif;ppfom usif;yjyKvkyfrnf/
pojzifh vdkufavsmcJhonf/
(*-8) udkvdkeDpHepfqefhusifa&;aehvIyf½Sm;rI
21? 2? 61 &ufaeYwGif vli,fausmif;om;? trsKd;orD;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u OD;aqmifaom udkvdkeDpepfqefYusif
a&;ESihf e,fcsUJ usL;ausmrf I uefYuu
G q
f E´jyyGJ usi;f ycJo
h nf/ xdq
k E´jyyGEJ iS yhf wfoufí yxptpd;k &u tMurf;zufErdS Ef iS ;f NyD;
taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyum vlaygif;rsm;pGm zrf;qD;cJhonf/
xdkYodkY zrf;qD;xm;aomolrsm;udk vTwf&ef udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;aeY vli,fausmif;om;? trsKd;orD; yl;wGJ
aumfrwD (wuoaqmuftODu) awmif;qdkcJhavonf/
(C) &efuek w
f uúov
kd f vlrsK;d pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGUJ csKyf
( 1960 - 61 )
1960-61 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfudk zGJUpnf;í u@opfw&yf zGifhvSpfEdkifcJh
onf/ vlrsKd;pkordik ;f rSm armfueG ;f wifco
hJ nf/ vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tm;vH;k wnDwñGww
f nf; pkaygif;NyD; vlrsKd;pkrsm;
&JU ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rIeJY trsKd;om;a&;udk yl;wGJaqmif½Guf&ef MuH½G,fcJhMuonf/
trIaqmifrsm;
obmywdtzGYJ0ifrsm;
1/ pdkif;cGef;tHkwdkif (½Srf;)
2/ udkapmarmif (&cdkif)
3/ rif;axG;vHk;ausmf (rGef)
4/ puGef;vGif (u&if)
5/ *Gef*sef (ucsif)
6/ udkaz0if; (u,m;)
7/ pDcdkifrif; (csif;)
648
1/ rif;pdk;jrifh (rGef) 'k-Ouú|

2/ apmatrdk;vdk (u&if)Ä taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
3/ *sKd½I0g; (ucsif) wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
4/ ,l*sif;odkuf (½Srf;) b@ma&;rSL; (Dr. Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe)
5/ udkausmf&if (&cdkif) pm&if;ppf
6/ udkAsm;&,f (u,m;)? jyefMum;a&;ESifh0g'jzefYcsda&;
7/ udkatmifausmf (u,m;)
8/ tifwdkeDñGefYtkwf (csif;) ynma&;rSL;
0g'
1/ rnfonfhtpnf;t½Hk;? rnfonfhEdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ vufatmufcH MoZmrjzpf&/
2/ vkyfief;pOftm;jzifhjzpfap? &nf½G,fcsuftm;jzifhjzpfap wlnDaom rnfonfhtoif;tzGJUESifhrqdk yl;wGJvkyf
aqmif&rnf/
3/ ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rIESifh trsKd;om;a&;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&rnf/
&nf½G,fcsuf
1/ vlrsKd;pk ausmif;olôm;rsm;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;? em;vnfrI&½Sda&;? pnf;vkH;a&;ESifh twlwuG
ylaygif;vkyfaqmifa&;?
2/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ ,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk xdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifzvS,fa&;?
3/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ wef;wlnDrQa&;ESifh vGwfvyfa&;pdwf"gwfudk azmfxkwfjr§ifhwifay;a&;?
4/ ausmif;om;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk &,lxdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;/
jyifqifa&;aumfrwD Ouú| apmatrd;k vdrk ed chf eG ;f

(vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYcsKyf wnfaxmifjcif;ESifUrdwfqHktcrf;tem;)
<ua&mufvmwJU {nfUonfawmfeJh b0wlaqGrsKd;pk? vlrsKd;pk ausmif;olôm;rsm;cifAsm;-
&efuek w f uúov kd f vlrsK;d pktzGUJ csKyf wnfaxmifa&;ESihf 'kw, d tBudraf jrmuf &if;ES;D cspMf unfa&; tcrf;tem;udk
<ua&mufcsD;jr§ihf tm;ay;MuwJt h wGuf jyifqifa&;A[dak umfrwDtpm; vIu d v f u dI v f vJS JS aus;Zl;wifygw,fqw kd hJ pum;eJY
EIwfcGef;quf BudKqdkyg&ap/
{nfUonfawmfrsm;eJh cspfvSpGmaom b0wlvlrsKd;pk ausmif;olôm;taygif;wdkh-
'DaeY aeYxl;aeYjrwfBuD;rSm 'D&efukefwuúodkvf e,fajrrSmaeNyD; uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;&JU
u@opfw&yfvYkd ac:qdEk ikd w f hJ tzGUJ csKyfBuD;udk vlrsKd;pkordik ;f rSm armfueG ;f wif&pfEikd af tmif xlaxmifEikd cf yhJ gNyD/ a½S;OD;pGm
uReaf wmfwYkd 'DtzGUJ csKyfBuD;ay:aygufvm&yHu k kd tenf;i,ftpD&ifcv H ykd gw,f/ uReaf wmfwYkd&UJ 'DtzGUJ csKyfBuD;[m tajccHr?hJ
rlrJh? oabmw&m;rJh? vQyfwjyuf jzpfuwwfqef; ay:aygufvm&wJh tzGJUcsKyfr[kwfygbl;/ t&ifuwnf;u &efukef
wuúov kd af vmurSm aecJw h hJ aemifawmf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm; ud, k w f ikd u
f 'Dvrl sKd;pk&UJ nDñw G af &;udk tajcjyKwJt h zGUJ
rsKd;udk &nfpl;cJhygw,f/ MuH½G,fcJhygw,f/ olwdkY&ifqdkifcJh&wJh b0tawGUtMuHK oifcef;pmawGudk tajcjyKNyD; uRefawmf
wdkY vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;awGtm;vHk; wnDwñGwfwnf; pkaygif;NyD; uRefawmfwdkY&JU ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rIeJY trsKd;om;a&;
rsm;udk ylwGJvkyfaqmifEdkifMuzdkY arQmfrSef;MuH½G,fcJhygw,f/
[dwk ek ;f u n§Ed idI ;f aqG;aEG;jcif;? wlnaD omvkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyu f ikd Ef ikd jf cif;qdw k hJ tydik ;f avmufuo kd m taumif
txnf azmfEdkifcJhw,f/ tckvdk pepfwus toif;tzGJUvdkuf? &nf½G,fcsuf? 0g'? pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;eJY taqmufttkH
jyKwJh tzGJUcsKyftxd rwnfaqmufEdkifcJhygbl;/ 'gayrJh jyifqifa&;aumfrwDtzGJU&JU BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIaMumifh 'DaeYqdk&if
&efukefwuúodkvf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfudk atmifjrifpGm wnfaqmufEdkifjcif; jzpfygw,f/
{nfUonfawmfrsm;eJh b0wlvlrsKd;pkausmif;olôm;taygif;wdkh-
'DtzGUJ csKyfBuD;[m ppfreS w f hJ trsK;d om;a&;pdw"f gwf tajccH? oefYpifreG jf rwfvw S hJ &nf½, G cf suef YJ cspcf if&if;ES;D rI
rSwfcsuf- apmatrdk;vdk (u&if)Ä trnf&if;rSm apmtefumrdk;vdkjzpfonf/ oHawmifZmwdjzpfí ,cktcg uG,fvGefNyDjzpfonf/ zcifrSm
eHrnfBuD; u&ifpma&;q&m wOD;jzpfaom "r®uxdu q&mrdk;vdkjzpfonf/ 649
uaeNyD; rSefuef½dk;om;pGm ay:aygufvm&wJh tzGJUcsKyfjzpfaMumif; uRefawmf &J0HhpGm0efcH&Jygw,f/ 'Dvdk jrifhjrwfaom

&nf½, G cf su0f g'eJY awmifw h if;cdik rf mwJh nDñw G af &;tiftm;awGaMumifh b,favmuf tiftm;BuD;rm;wJh tzsuo f rm;rsm;
&JU rkefwdkif;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;eJY &ifqdkif&apumrl b,ftcgrS rNydKuGJrysufqD;Edkifygbl;qdkwm uRefawmf tav;teuf
,HkMunfygw,f/ vlYordkif;wavQmufudk qef;ppfvdkY½Sd&if ausmufacwfupNyD; ,ckuRefawmfwdkY&JU odyÜH acwfwdkifatmif
tqifhqifhwdk;wufajymif;vJvmwJh acwfBuD;jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkacwfBuD;rSm uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m woD;wjcm;? bmod
bmom &yfwnfaevdkY rjzpfawmhbl;qdkwm od&ygvdrfhr,f/
wdk;wufaewJh acwfeJYtnD uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;pktm;vHk; &yfwnfEdkifa&;eJY wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;udk a½SU½INyD;
'DtzGJUcsKyfudk wnfaxmifcJhMuygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh 'DuaeY vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;&JU rGefjrwfoefYpifwJh &nf½G,fcsuf
rsm;udk nDñGwfpGm vkyfaqmifoGm;MuzdkY 'DtzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk wnfaxmifEdkifcJhjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrmordkif;udk wenf;wzHk
jznfhpGufa&;om;vdkufwmeJY wlygvdrfhr,f/
'gwifru vlrsKd;pk&JUu@udkvnf; ydkrdkxGef;ajymif awmufyvmEdkifr,fqdkwm rvGJraoGygyJ/
{nfUonfawmfrsm;eJh cspfvSpGmaom vlrsKd;pkausmif;olôm;taygif;wdkh-
qufvufNyD; 'DtzGJUcsKyfBuD[m uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;pk&JUordkif;rSm b,favmuf ta&;ygt&ma&mufvmr,fh
tzGJUcsKyfBuD;jzpfaMumif;udk ½Sif;jyyg&ap/ uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiH[m aemifawmfArmrsm;eJY twl ½Srf;? ucsif? u&if? u,m;?
csif;? &cdkif? rGef pwJh vlrsKd;rsm;tygt0if aygif;pkaexdkifMuwJh jynfaxmifpkBuD; jzpfygw,f/ twdwfumvudk jyefvnf
qef;ppfvdkuf&if uRefawmfwdkY azmfjycJhwJh vlrsKd;pktm;vHk;awG[m oufOD;qHydkif bk&ifacwfrSmyJ jzpfjzpf? NAdwdoQe,f
csJUorm;eJY zufqpf*syefacwfrmS yJ jzpfjzpf? tifrwef pufqyk b f ,G af umif;wJh uRefb0udk qufwu kd f tvl;tvSrd chf pH m;cJh
Mu&ygw,f/
'kw, d urÇmppfBuD;NyD;aemuf uReaf wmfwYkd vlrsK;d pkawG[m e,fcsUJ vufatmufu vGwaf jrmufvNkd yD; ud, k Mhf ur®m
ud, k zf efw;D vdwk hJ pdw"f gwfawG rMuHKzl;atmif wzGm;zGm; ay:aygufvmcJMh u&if; vH;k 0vGwv f yfa&;twGuf wnDwñGwf
wnf; pkaygif;wdkufyGJ0ifvmcJhMuygw,f/ 'DvdkeJYyJ 1947 ckESpfrSm vlrsKd;pkeJYpkaygif;NyD; vGwfvyfa&;&,lzdkYtwGuf yif
vHkpmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkcJhMuygw,f/ tJ'DpmcsKyfrSm t"du Edik if x H al xmifciG ?Uf ud,
k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGirUf sm; &½Scd pH m;apzdhk twdtvif;
xnfUoGif;cJUMuygw,f/
'gayrJh 1948 ckEpS f vGwv f yfwhJ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf aMunmNyD;wJah emuf tckxufwikd f uRefawmfwYkd
vlrsKd;pkawG[m yifvHkpmcsKyfrSm oabmwlxnfhoGif;cJhwJh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wif;jynfhusyfjynfh rcHpm;&bJ epfemqHk;½IH;
ae&wm awGU&ygw,f/ 'gxufydkqdk;wmu uRefawmfwdkYvlrsKd;pkawG[m EdkifiHa&;t&vnf;aumif;? pD;yGm;a&;t&vnf;
aumif;? ynma&;eJY ,Ofaus;rIt&vnf;aumif; tppt&m&m zdESdyfcs,fvS,frI'Pf cHae&ygw,f/ 'DzdESdyfcs,fvS,frI
awG[m t*Fvyd ef ,fcsJUacwfu xufawmif ydrk &kd ufpuf qd;k 0g;ygao;w,f/ tcsKyftm;jzifh ajym&r,fq&kd if vlrsKd;pkrsm;
teuf ,ckvuf½Sd vlrsKd;pkjynfe,fawG[m Armjynfr&JU yPÖmquf udkvdkeDEdkifiHav;rsm;b0 usa&mufaeygw,f/
{nfUonfawmftaygif;eJh b0wlvlrsKd;pkausmif;olôm;rsm;cifAsm;-
uRefawmf tckwifjycJw h hJ tajctaersm;&JU awmif;qdck suft& 'DuaeYwnfaxmifwhJ &efuek w f uúov kd vf rl sKd;pk
ausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk arG;xkwfay;vdkuf&jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'DaeY[m uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;pkausmif;
om;rsm; &mZ0ifrSm armfuGef;wif&pfrJh aeYxl;aeYjrwfBuD; jzpfw,fqdkwm uRefawmftcdkiftrm ,HkMunfygw,f/
'DaeY uRefawmfwYkd &UJ 0rf;enf;aMuuGb J , G &f m aumif;vSwb hJ 0udvk nf; wifjyvdak o;w,f/ 'DuaeY uRefawmf
wdkY&JU pD;yGm;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI? ynma&;eJY vlrItaqmufttHkrsm;[m NydKvJysufpD;csif;rvS ysufpD;usqif;jcif;cHae&
w,fqdkwm b,folvm jiif;EdkifyghrvJ/
'gawG[m acwfwacwf&UJ azsmufzsuv f Ykdr&wJh urÁn;f ausmufpmawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'DuaeY uReaf wmfwYkdtzdYk
rSm 'Drdkua&pDt*Fg&yfrsm;jzpfwJh vGwfvyfrItcGifhta&; wef;wlrIawG[mvnf; pmtkyfBuD;xJrSmom½SdNyD; vufawGUrSm
taumiftxnf½Smr&ovdk jzpfaeygw,f/ ,aeY vlrsKd;pknDi,f? nDri,frsm;&JU aemifa&;udk pOf;pm;Munfh&if txl;yif
&ifav;p&m aumif;vSygw,f/
uRefawmf txufygwifjycJhovdkyJ 'DuaeY uRefawmfwdkYwawG&JU ,Ofaus;rI? pmay? ynma&;? pD;yGm;a&;
tcGifhta&; ponfrsm;tm;vHk;[m ,drf;,dkifNydKvJaewm txift½Sm; awGUcJh&ygNyD/ 'Dvdk,drf;,dkifNydKvJaerIudk jyefvnf
ysKd;axmifzdkY[m uRefawmfwdkY &efukefwuúodkvfrSm½SdwJh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;&JU vufxJrSm vHk;0wnf½Sdaew,fvdkY
,HkMunfrdw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh 'DaeY uRefawmfwdkYtzGJUcsKyf&JU a0iSxm;wJh0g'eJY&nf½G,fcsufawG yg½SdwJhtwdkif; tcsif;csif;
cspfcif&if;ESD;rI ydkrdkwdk;wufa&;? ,Ofaus;rI? ynma&;eJY trsKd;om;a&;rsm;udk uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m vufwGJNyD; pkaygif;
650
aqmif½u G Mf u&ef oHE|éd mef tcdik t

f rmcsMuygpdYk / uReaf wmfwYkdwawG[m aemifwacwfwikd ;f jynfeYJ trsK;d om; wm0efrsm;udk
&mZ0ifuay;tyfovdk rSefuef&J0HhpGmxrf;aqmifzdkY rarhaysmuf&ef pGJjrJpGmrSwfxm;MuzdkY txl; vdktyfygw,f/
{nfUonfawmftaygif;eJh b0wlvlrsKd;pkausmif;olôm;rsm;cifAsm;-
uRefawmfwYkd tckvkd wnfaxmifcw hJ hJ tzGUJ csKyf[m vlrsKd;pk? vlrsKd;pkvYkd wzGzaG <u;aMumfaewm[m usOf;ajrmif;
aom vlrsKd;a&;pdwf"gwf vHk;0r[kwfygbl;qdkwm twdtvif; ajymMum;cJhyg&ap/
uRefawmfwdkY tzGJUcsKyfBuD;[m aemifudk taESmifht,Suf ab;tEÅ&m,faygif;rsm;pGmeJY &ifqdkif&ayvdrfhOD;r,f/
b,fvykd ifBuD;rm;aom tEÅ&m,feYJ MuHKawGU&apumrl wOD;ay:wOD; cspfcif&if;ES;D jcif;? pdwo f abmxm;BuD;jcif;? onf;cH
jcif;eJY ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpfwJh aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;udk tcdkiftrmwnfaxmifNyD; usa&mufvmorQ ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk
atmifjrifpGm wGef;vSefNzdKcGif;ypfEdkifMu&ef tav;teuf wdkufwGef;cJhygw,f/
aemufq;kH taeeJY uRefawmfwYkd tzGUJ csKyf&UJ &nf½, G cf sufrsm; xajrmuf atmifjrifEikd yf gap/ vlrsKd;pkrsm; arQmfreS ;f
vHk;yef;aeMuwJh tem*wfacwfopfBuD;odkY tjrefqHk;wufvSrf;EdkifygapvdkY qkawmif;&if; ed*Hk;csKyfcJhygw,f/
]]&efukefwuúodkvfvlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYcsKyf wnfwHUcdkifjrJygap}}
]]vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;tcsif;csif; aoG;pnf;nDñGwfxm0&cdkifjrJygap}}
ausmif;om;;vIy&f mS ;rIwiG yf g0ifcahJ om vlrsK;d pkausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;

Source: UNLD Press
Source: Peace Jounal
Source: AAPPB
Source: KW
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idef;u,ef;xef (c) OD;a½Tat; - 1962 ck? Zlvdkif (7) &uf ta&;tcif;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif &efukefwuúodkvfwGif aemuf
qH;k ESpf ausmif;om;wa,mufjzpfNyD; ¤if;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf/ xdu k mvwGif vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzJUG csKyf\
twGif;a&;rSL;csKyftjzpf aqmif½GufcJhonf/ 1963 jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;? (6) c½dkifqE´jyyJGwGif vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;
tzJGUcsKyfrS wuf<upGmyg0ifEdkifa&;udk OD;aqmifrIay;cJhonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yJGysufí tzrf;tqD;rsm;aMumifh wdrf;
a½SmifaecJh&onf/ 1964 ck? Mo*kwfv (8) &ufwGif u,ef;jynfopfygwD wnfaxmifaomtcg twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf
pwifwm0ef,lcJhonf/ u,ef;jynfopfygwD Ouú|tjzpf 2006 ckESpf? Mo*kwf (21) &ufaeY uG,fvGefcsdeftxd wm
0ef,lcJhonf/ touf (65) ESpfwGif uG,fvGefonf/ (cspfMunfa&;? twJG- 4? Edk0ifbm? 2006? pm- 20)
a'guw f mausmufcsr;f a,mifa0 (c) ,l*si;f odu k f - vGwfvyfaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ yxrqHk;or®wBuD;

p0fa½Todkuf\ om;jzpfonf/ 1962 ck? Zlvdkif (7) &uf ta&;tcif;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzJGUcsKyf\
b@ma&;rSL;jzpfNyD; t*Fvyd pf menf;jytjzpf &efuek w f uúovkd w
f iG f aqmif½u G af ecsed jf zpfonf/ 4if;ta&;tcif; aemufyikd ;f
1963 ckESpftxd wdrf;a½Smifae&NyD; ½Srf;trsKd;om;a&;ESifh vlrsKd;pkta&;udpörsm;twGuf ajratmufvIyf&Sm;cJh&onf/
1963 ckESpfwGif awmcdkcJhí 1964 ck ½Srf;jynfwyfrawmf xlaxmif&mwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhNyD; 1977 ckESpftxd
OD;aqmifco hJ nf/ 1997 ck uae'gEdik if ?H NAdwu
d vkd b
H ,D mwuúov kd rf S Edik if aH &;odyyHÜ g&*lbUGJ &½Scd ohJ nf/ trsK;d om;jyefvnf
oifjh rwfa&;tpDtpOf (NRP) ESihf (UNLD-LA) \ tqifjh rift h MuHay;t&m½St d jzpf aqmif½u G cf o
hJ nf/ ½Sr;f jynforl sm;
ta&;omru jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;ta&; udpörsm;jzpfonfh trsKd;om;jyefvnf&ifMum;apha&; udpö&yfrsm;twGuf olb0
wavQmufvHk;ESifh uG,fvGefcsdeftxd epfjrKyfvkyfaqmifcJhonf/ 24? 7? 04 &ufaeY touf (65) ESpft&G,fwGif uae
651
'gEdkifiH? beful;Am;NrdKUwGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/ (½Srf;oHawmfqifh? UNLD Press, Various Website)
OD;vSaz - ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD; pwifzJGYpnf;prS pí vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,fwOD; tjzpfyg0ifaqmif½GufcJhNyD;

1956-57 wuotrIaqmiftzJGUwGif EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xmewm0efcHtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 1962 Zlvdkif (7) &uf
ta&;tcif;jzpfymG ;csed w f iG f &efuek wf uúovkd ?f ½lyaA'XmewGif o½kyjf yq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonf/ ¤if;ta&;
tcif;jzpfyGm;rIudk tpnf;ta0;pwifcsdefrS aemufqHk;ypfcwfonftxd wuoatmufxyf½Sd wuopm;aomufqdkifrS
wcsdefvHk; apmifhMunfhaecJhonf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif jynfwGif;Nidrf;a&;vIyf½Sm;rIwGif yg0ifNyD; 'DZifbmv (12) &ufaeYwGif
tzrf;cH&onf/ 12? 2? 69 &uf (jynfaxmifpkaeY) tif;pdefaxmifrSxkwfí noef;acgifausmfwGif udk;udk;uRef;odkY
ydkYaqmifjcif;cH&onf/ udk;udk;uRef;ü uRef;zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyJGwGif yg0ifcJhonf/ 1971 Edk0ifbm (11) &ufwGif
uRef;zsufodrf;tNyD; tif;pdefaxmifodkY jyefa&mufvmonf/ tif;pdefü axmifrS rvTwfciftxd n§Of;qJcH&jyefonf/
1972 ck {NyDv (12) &ufwGif tif;pdefaxmifrS jyefvGwfvmonf/ ½Spfav;vHk;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifcJhonf/ 1989
a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ tmPmzDqefa&;vIyf½Sm;rIü yg0ifNyD;a½Smifwdrf;&um Mo*kwfv (8) &ufaeYwGif bk&m;oHk;ql
pcef;odkY a&muf½Sdonf/ ol\ a'gif;tdk;a0pmapmifrS ]]uRef;twdwft&dyfyrm}} tcef;quf aqmif;yg;onf udk,fawGY
uRef;tawGUtMuHKudk a&;om;xm;í xif½mS ;onf/ 1991 rS tcef;quftjzpfazmfjycJo h nf/ a&'D,zkd &D;at;½S jrefrmydik ;f
owif;axmuftjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf/ &cdkifjynftrsKd;om;aumifpD (ANC) wGif tzJGU0ifwOD;tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhonf/
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;aumifpw D iG f (ENC) &cdik vf rl sK;d pku,
kd pf m;vS,jf zpfí jyefMum;a&;ESiphf nf;½H;k a&;aumfrwD wm0efcH
tjzpf aqmif½Gufaeonf/ (jirf;? a'gif;tdk;a0/ w,fvDzkef;ar;jref;csuf/ tD;tefpD0ufbf)
OD;ombef;- &cdkiftrsKd;om; wOD;jzpfonf/ wyfOD;ausmif;om; wOD;jzpfNyD; wuo trIaqmiftjzpf 1960-61 ck

ESpw
f iG af qmif&u
G cf o
hJ nf/ 1988 aemufyikd ;f jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGYJcsKyf (UNLD) \ wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd;pka&;&maumfrwD0ifESifh vkyfief;aumfrDwD0ifjzpfonf/ yxrtBudrf 1991 rS 1995 txd axmifcscH&onf/
,ckpmtkyfjyKpk&mwGif ulnDcJhrIjzifh 1998 wGif tzrf;cH&NyD; (6) ESpftMum 2004 ck? ZlvdkifvwGif axmifrS jyefvGwfvm
onf/ (atatyDyDbD? tifwmeuf)
(i) 1960-61 &efuek w

f uúov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcpH m
( 1960 - 1961 )
trIaqmiftzGt
YJ pD&ifcpH m
1/ zGJUpnf;jcif;
2/ trIaqmiftzGJU0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;
3/ trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
4/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; xdyg;vmjcif;ESifh aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
5/ ynmoifMum;a&;ESifhywfoufaom aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
6/ yGJobiftcrf;tem;rsm;
7/ taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;
8/ Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;
9/ aus;Zl;wif½Sdjcif;
10/ ed*Hk;
(1) zGJYpnf;jcif;
(u) a½G;aumufyGJrsm; / / 1960-61 &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? Ouú|? 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;wdkYudk
a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef yxrtywf wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk 1960 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (19) &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnf[k
a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sdu aMunmcJhonf/ ,SOfNydKifta½G;cHvdkolrsm;\ avQmufvTmrsm;udk 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv (16)
652
&ufaeY? nae (3) em&DrwdkifrD a½G;aumufyGJ t&m½SdxH wifoGif;&rnf[k aMunmcJhonf/

Ouú|ae&mwGif ,SOfNydKifta½G;cH&ef avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol (3) OD;½SdNyD;? 'k-Ouú|ae&mtwGuf avQmufvTm
wifoGif;ol (7) OD;ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mtwGuf (3) OD;½SdcJhonf/ 'k-Ouú|ae&mtwGuf (7) OD; teufwOD;tm; wuozGJU
pnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;ESifh rudkufnDojzifh y,fcscJhonf/
rdrdwdkYqE´tavsmuf avQmufvTmrsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;Edkifaom Mo*kwfv (17) &ufaeY? nae (3) em&Drwdkif
rD Ouú|ae&mrS (2) OD;? 'k-Ouú|ae&mrS (4) OD;ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrS (1) OD;pD toD;oD;avQmufvTmrsm;udk jyefvnf
½kyfodrf;oGm;aomaMumifh Ouú|ae&mwGif udkwifat;rSm NydKifbufr½Sd ta½G;cH&NyD;? 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrsm;
wGif (2) OD;pD ,SOfNydKif&ef usefcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrsm;twGuf a½G;aumufyGJjyKvkyf&m 'k-Ouú|ae&mwGif udkwifarmifESifh
aiGxdef;ae&mwGif udkeE´wdkYtm; a½G;aumufjcif;cHcJh&onf/
trIaqmif (6) OD;ae&mtwGuf 'kwd,tokwf a½G;aumufyGJudk 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv (25) &ufaeYwGif
usif;yrnf[k a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sd udkwifat;u aMunmcJhonf/ wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk odu©m½SdpGm usif;yEdkifa&;?
,SOfNydKifolrsm; tav;teufxm;½Sda&;wdkYtwGuf 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifolrsm;onf pabmfaiGusyf (50) (ig;q,fusyf)
wdwdudk avQmufvTmESifh twlwifoGif;&ef 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifolonf ay;aom rJtm;vHk;wdkY\ (4) yHk (1) yHk r&½SdvQif
xdkpabmfaiGudk wuorS odrf;,lrnf[k aMunmcJhonf/
avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol (8) OD; ½Sdonfhteuf (2) OD;rSm rdrdwdkYqE´tavsmuf avQmufvTmrsm;udk jyefvnf½kyf
odr;f oGm;ojzifh usef½o dS l (6) OD;jzpfaom udAk aqGav;? udrk if;axG;? udo
k mbef;? udv
k MS unf? udak pmarmif? udx
k eG ;f Munf
wdkY (6) OD;rSm wuo trIaqmifrsm;tjzpf ,SOfNydKifolr½Sd ta½G;cHcJh&onf/
(c) trIaqmiftzGYJ / / &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (1960- 61) \ yxrtBudrf trIaqmiftpnf;t

a0;udk 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv (24) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;ycJhonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;rS tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcH tjzpf
udkvSa½TESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;tjzpf udkjrodef;wdkYtm; a½G;aumufwifajr§mufMuNyD; atmufygtwdkif; trIaqmiftzJGUudk
zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
udkwifat; Ouú|
udkeE´ (0dZÆm-*kPfxl;) aiGxdef;
udkAaqGav; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
udkapmarmif wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;XmerSL;
udkxGef;Munf EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
udkrif;axG; upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXmerSL;
udkombef; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;
udkjrodef; pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(*) qyfaumfrwDrsm; / / &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf; tcef;(10)? t

ydk'f (7) t& zGJUpnf;&rnfh qyfaumfrwDrsm;ESifh vdktyfaomXmersm;twGuf qyfaumfrwDrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif;
zGJUpnf; cJhonf/
tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD
udkeE´ (aiGxdef;)
udkxGm;pdef twGif;a&;rSL;
udkausmfcif tvkyfrefae*sm
udkvSwif aumfrwD0if
udkZeDOD; aumfrwD0if
r&D&Da|; aumfrwD0if
653
pmMunfUwdkufaumfrwD
udkjrodef; wm0efcH
udkeE´ (aiGxdef;)
udkjroef; twGif;a&;rSL;
udkvSodef; aumfrwD0if
udkarmifarmifwifh aumfrwD0if
udkpdk;0if; aumfrwD0if
ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;aumfrwD
udkombef; wm0efcH
udkeE´ (aiGxdef;)
udkjrifhaz twGif;a&;rSL;
udkatmifausmfEk aumfrwD0if
udkpHausmfarmif aumfrwD0if
rjrifhjrifh aumfrwD0if
owif;ESifUjyefMum;a&;aumfrwD
udkapmarmif wm0efcH
udkausmfcif twGif;a&;rSL;
udkrsKd;jrifh aumfrwD0if
udk0if;BudKif aumfrwD0if
udkjrifh aumfrwD0if
udkav;&D aumfrwD0if
vlxkqufoG,fa&;aumfrwD
udkvSMunf wm0efcH
udkwifarmif 'kOuú|
udkeE´ (aiGxdef;)
udkudkMunf aumfrwD0if
udk0if;Akdvf aumfrwD0if
udkatmifjrifh aumfrwD0if
udkjrifharmif aumfrwD0if
rcifoef;jrifh aumfrwD0if
(C) tzGJYtpnf;rsm;twGuf wuoudk,fpm;vS,f

wuúov kd uf pm;ckepf m;aumfrwDtwGuf wuoud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf atmufyg (5) OD;udk a½G;cs,fco
hJ nf/
udkrif;axG; upm;ckefpm;ESihf,Ofaus;rIwm0efcH
udkjrodef; wuopmMunfhwdkufrSL;
udkwifarmifaqG
udkbñGefY
udkausmfpdk;
654
(i) trIaqmiftzGJYtpnf;rsm;
wuotrIaqmiftpnf;ta0;udk (18) Budrfusif;ycJhonf/ tdk;a0wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;rsm; twGuf
(17) Budrfom jzpfayonf/ trIaqmifrsm;ESifh tpnf;ta0; wufaomtcsdefrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/
udkwifat;- (18) Budrf? udkwifarmif- (12) Budrf? udkeE´- (18) Budrf? udkAaqGav;- (18) Budrf?
udkapmarmif- (13) Budrf? udkxGef;Munf- (17) Budrf? udkvSMunf- (13) Budrf? udkombef;- (17) Budrf?
udkrif;axG;- (12) Budrf? udkjrodef;- (11) Budrf? udkvSa½T- (17) Budrf/
(2) trIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'ESifUvkyfief;pOfrsm;/

&efuek wf uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 1960-61 \ Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdeq f ykd u
JG kd 1960 ck? Ed0k ifbmv
(17) &ufaeYwiG f wuocef;rüusif;yum &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 1960-61 trIaqmiftzGUJ \0g'ESihf
vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/
0g'
1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jr§ifhaomynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0om,majzmifhjzL;a&;?
2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;
tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;?
3/ Nidr;f csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xde;f odr;f jr§iw hf ifa&;ESihf ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ES;D pGmaygif;oif;quf
qHa&;/
EdkifiHwumausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIESifhywfoufonfh tajccHoabmxm;
1/ bmomt,l0g' rcGjJ cm;bJ? tom;ta&mif rcGjJ cm;bJ? Edik if w H umausmif;om;rsm;ESihf &if;ES;D cspfMunfa&;? rdwaf qGjzpf
a&;wdkYtwGuf vkyfaqmif&ef?
2/ ynmoifMum;a&;tajctae ydrk w kd ;kd wufaumif;rGeaf &;twGuf Edik if w H umausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Guf&ef?
3/ urÇmYNidr;f csr;f a&; xde;f odr;f a&;ESihf e,fcsUJ qefYusiaf &;? udv k ekd pD epfqefYusiaf &;? trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&; wdu k yf rJG sm;
tm; taxmuftuljyK&ef?
4/ befa'gif;wGif usif;yaom tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHESifh (5) Budrfajrmuf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾
nDvmcHBuD;rS csrSwfaom urÇmhjidrf;csrf;a&;xdef;odrf;a&;? vufeufavQmhaygha&;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&ef?
5/ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;aqmif½Guf&efwdkY jzpfonf/
vkyfief;pOfrsm;
wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf wuúodkvf\ a,bk,stajctaersm;udk oHk;oyfum atmufygtajccHvkyfief;
rsm; csrSwfcJhonf/
1/ ESpfcgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?
2/ tcvGwf ynmoifMum;a&;pepf jyefvnf&½Sda&;?
3/ wuúodkvfwGif ynmoifMum;a&; tajctae aumif;rGefap&ef rzefwD;EdkiforQ ZGefvaemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJrsm;
qufvufxm;½Sd ay;&ef?
4/ wuúodkvfwGif jrefrmpmudk oifMum;rIr@dKiftjzpf owfrSwfay;&ef?
5/ pwdkifyif paumvm½Spfrsm; t&nftwGufESifh t&nftcsif; wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?
6/ jy|mef;aom ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm;? ausmif;oHk;ud&d,mrsm; oufompGm&½Sda&;?
7/ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf Munf;? a&? av toGm;EIef;rsm; avQmhaygha&;?
8/ wuúodkvfaxmufyhHaMu; ydkrdkay;&ef?
9/ ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;a&;?
10/ t&nftcsif;jynfhq&mrsm; ydkrdkcefYxm;ay;a&;?
11/ tajctaeESifh rudkufnDbJ jy|mef;xm;aom ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm; y,fzsufay;a&;?
12/ 1959 ckESpf wuúodkvftufOya' (jyifqifcsuf) y,fzsufay;a&;?
13/ q&mausmif;om; em;vnfrIwdk;wufa&;ESifh &if;ESD;pGm yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;&ef/
655
(3) trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;

udkvdkeDpepfqefhusifa&;ESifU ulrifwefusL;ausmfrIqE´jyyGJ
azazmf0g&D (21) &uf udkvdkeDqefYusifa&;aeYwGif vli,fausmif;om; trsKd;orD;tzGJUrsm;uBuD;rSL;í udkvdkeD
pepfqefYusifa&;ESifh tar&duef autrfwDusL;ausmfrI uefYuGufqE´jyyGJBuD;udk BuD;rSL;usif;yum b,fvf*sD,HoH½Hk;ESifh
tar&duefoH½Hk;rsm;odkY oGm;a&mufqE´jycJhonf/
þqE´jyyGJwGif jrefrmjynf\ ajrmufbufESifh ta½SUbufa'orsm;odkY vufeufjzifh0ifa&muf usL;ausmfae
aom tar&duefe,fcsJUorm;\ cg;ydkufaqmif autrfwDusL;ausmfa&;orm;rsm;tm; armif;xkwfa&;ESifh uGef*dkjynf\
w&m;0if0efBuD;csKyf vlrGefbm;tm; owfjzwfvdkufrIudk uefYuGufa&;wdkYtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd vli,fausmif;om;?
trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh jynfolw&yfvkH; yg0ifum qE´jycJhayonf/
þodkY Nidrf;csrf;pGm qE´jyolrsm;tm; yxptpdk;&onf rsuf&nf,kdAHk;? rD;owfydkuf? 0g;&if;wkwfrsm;omru
aoewfrsm;jzifyh if ypfcwftMurf;zufum t"r®ErdS Ef iS ;f cJah yonf/ þodYktMurf;zufum &uf&ufpufpuf ESrd Ef iS ;f rIaMumifh
OD;vlav;ESifh udkoef;jrifhwdkY aoqHk;onfhtjyif? twGif;vlemtjzifh oHCmawmf (1) yg; tygt0if vlaygif; (53)
OD; 'Pf&m&um? tjyifvel mtjzpf trsm;tjym; 'Pf&m&½Scd ahJ yonf/ nbufwiG f qufvufqE´jyaom jynforl sm;tm;
qufvuf tMurf;zufESdrfESif;um yk'fr (144) xkwfcJhayonf/ vli,fausmif;om; jynfol tajrmuftrsm;udkvnf;
zrf;qD;cJhayonf/
xdYkaMumifh azazmf0g&D (24) &ufaeYwiG f tMurf;zufrI ½Iwcf sa&;? tar&duefpu G zf ufrEI iS hf ulrifwefusL;ausmrf I
rsm;tm; rsufajcrysufa&;wdYk twGuf ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGu J kd wuocef;rwGif Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uowdYk BuD;rSL;
um usif;ycJhonf/
xdYk jyif Adv
k rf LS ;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm acgif;aqmifaom e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ESihf autrfwu D sL;ausmfrI wdu
k zf suf
a&; trsKd;om;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifum w½kwfjzLusL;ausmfrIqefYusifa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhayonf/ AdkvfrSL;csKyf
a[mif;ausmfaZmftm; wuoodYk zdwaf c:um w½kwjf zLusL;ausmfrEI iS hf ywfoufaom a[majymyGw J ckukd jyKvkyuf sif;ycJh
ayonf/
(4) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;umuG,fa&;ESifU ywfoufaomaqmif½Gufcsufrsm;

(u) ausmif;pnf;urf;jyóem / / ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS tMuHay;pnf;urf;rsm;udk a&;qGJxkwfjyefcJh&m
xdkpnf;urf;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; rvdkufemEdkifonfh tcsufrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ wuoonf ausmif;pnf;urf;½Sd&
rnf[laom rludk vHk;0vufcHonf/ wuoonf ausmif;pnf;urf;ESifhywfoufí ausmif;om;qEÉSifhtnD ausmif;
om;rsm;? q&mrsm; yl;aygif;n§dEdIif;um ausmif;om;rsm;\ pmayoifMum;rItajctae? aexdkifrItajctaewdkYjzifh
udkufnDpGm a&;qGJxm;aom pnf;urf;rsm;jzpf&ef vdktyfonf[k wifjycJhayonf/
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wDxiG cf srSwv
f maom aoG;½d;k om;½d;k r[kwo
f nfh ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk uefYuu
G f
cJhonf/
(c) ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifUausmif;omudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jyóem / / 1959 ckESpf? pufwifbmvwGif &efukef

wuúov kd f ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wuoud, k pf m;vS,f (2) OD;tm; xkwyf pfcahJ yonf/ wuoonf ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDwiG f wuoud, k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; jyefvnfyg0ifa&;twGuf tpOftquf awmif;qdck o hJ nf/ ,ckEpS w
f iG v
f nf;
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwiG f wuoud, k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifa&;twGuf xyfrBH udK;pm;&if; ausmif;aqmif aumfrwDxH
ar;jref;&mwGif ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS 1960 ckESpf? azazmf0g&D (3) &ufaeY wuúodkvfaumifpDrS csrSwfcJhaom
o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;tm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef[laom qHk;jzwf
csufudk jyefMum;cJhayonf/
þodkY w&m;0ifjyefMum;csuft& avmavmq,f ausmif;aqmifjyóemrsm;ESifh ywfoufí qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;
csrSwfjcif;? aqmif½Gufjcif;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifEdkifa&;twGuf ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifh
pmzwftoif;rsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rS o[m,ESifh
pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGUJ Ouú|ESihf wuo vlxq k ufo, G af &; XmerSL;wdYk tm; ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf ausmif;
aqmifaumfrwDodkY apvTwfcJhonf/
ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;teuf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ouú|udkom ausmif;aqmif
656
aumfrwDwGif vufcHNyD; wuovlxkqufoG,fa&;rSL;tm; o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm; tzGJUcsKyftrIaqmif r[kwf

aomaMumifh[k taMumif;jyum ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif vufrcHbJ xm;cJhayonf/
,cifEpS Of ;D wGif ay:aygufaeaom ausmif;aqmif rvHak vmufrjI yóemrsm;udk yg0ifajz½Si;f &eftwGuf usef½dS
aeaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD;ae&mwGif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;tm;
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYkd ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf xyfraH y;ydYk cYJ onf/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD obmywdonf
aemufxyfay;ydYk aom ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,t f m; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwiG f vufc&H efukd taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyum
tcsdefqGJcJhayonf/
wcsdefxJwGif ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif yg0ifaeaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vnf; ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDrS xkwfy,f&ef BudK;pm;jyefonf/ aumfrwDwGifyg0ifaom udk,fpm;vS,ftm; bGJU&oGm;í ausmif;aqmifwGif
raeonfudk taMumif;jyum Mo*kwf (2) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom? ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY wufa&mufcGifh rjyKbJ
aumfrwDrS xkwfy,fcJhonf/
odkYaomf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;tm; tcsdefqGJxm;cJhaomfvnf; rSefuefaom
awmif;qdck suftm; rvGeq f efEikd b
f J Mo*kwv f (2) &ufaeYwiG f usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYkd wufa&mufciG jhf yK
cJh&onf/
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BuD;teD;ü vÇuf&nfaomuf&ef xGufvmaom ausmif;om; (3) OD;tm; 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;wOD;u ½dkufESufcJhayonf/
12? 11? 61 &ufaeYuvnf; tif;vsm;uefwGif iSufypfxGufaom ausmif;om;tcsKdUtm; ppfom;rsm; ½dkuf
ESufcJhayonf/
þodYk tMurf;zuf&efpjcif;jzifh at;csrf;pGmaevdak om ausmif;om;rsm;tm; vIy½f mS ;rIrsm;jzpfvmap&ef MuHpnf
zefwD;jcif;rsm;udk wuorS tav;teuf ½IwfcsuefYuGufcJhonf/ owif;pm½Sif;vif;yGJrsm;jzifh wuo\ oabmxm;
rsm;udk jynfolodkY wifjycJhayonf/
(C) trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifrsm; ESpfywfvnfnpmpm;yGJ / / trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmif ESpfywfvnf npmxrif;

pm;yGrJ sm;udk ausmif;aqmifa½SUjrufcif;jyifwiG f tpOftvmt& jyKvkycf MhJ uayonf/ ,ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;om;a&;rSL;rsm;u
ausmif;aqmifa½SU jrufcif;rsm;wGif usif;ycGirhf ay;bJ ausmif;aqmif xrif;pm;cef;wGio f m usif;y&ef trdeYf ay;cJo h nf/
þodYk wm;jrpfjcif;onf ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm;\ ta&;BuD;aom vkyif efrsm;tm; zsuq f ;D ypfjcif;
csKd;ESrd yf pfjcif; oabmxm;odYk oufa&mufaeonft h jyif? ausmif;aqmif ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;
rsm;\ vGwfvyfpGm aqmif½GufEdkifcGifhudk ydwfyif&ma&mufojzifh wuoonf uefYuGufcJhayonf/
(i) ygarmu©csKyfcefhxm;a&; / / AdkvfcsKyftpdk;&vufxufu cefYxm;cJhaom &efukefwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf

a'gufwmvSjrifh Ekwx f u
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f mG ;ojzifh ygarmu©csKyfae&mwGif xyfrcH efYxm;&ef ac:,l&m avQmufxm;ol (3) OD;½Scd o hJ nf/
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t½SdqHk; yk*¾dKvfjzpfaomaMumifh ygarmu©csKyfcefYxm;a&;onf vGefpGmta&;BuD;onhf jyóemjzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh
wuorS ygarmu©csKyf cefYxm;a&;twGuf oabmxm;w&yfudk xkwfjyefaMunmcJhayonf/
wuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfykHoP²mefonf (Unitary System) jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf ygarmu©csKyfwGif tmPmrsm;
pkjyHKaeonf/ ygarmu©csKyfonf wOD;wnf;tmPm½Sif jzpfaeonf/ wuúodkvf wnfaqmufykHoP²mefudk jyifqif&ef
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avmavmq,ftm;jzifh xdzk UJG pnf;tkycf sKyfypkH epfukd rjyifqifEikd rf D ygarmu©csKyf a½G;&mwGif ynmwd;k wufap&ef
aqmif½GufEdkifrnfhol? tem*wf wuúodkvf wdk;wufom,ma&;udk aqmif½GufEdkifrnfhol? q&mrsm; ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
qufqaH &; ajyjypfaumif;rGerf nfo h ?l Nidr;f csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;twGuf pGr;f aqmifEikd rf nfo h ?l tusifph m&dwå aumif;
rGefjzLpifrnhfoludkom a½G;cs,fcefYxm;&ef wifjycJhayonf/
xdkoabmxm;udk EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfodkYvnf; wifjycJhayonf/ ygarmu©csKyfcefYxm;a&;ESifh ywfoufí
tpdk;&tmPmydkiftcsKdUu rdrdwdkY tvdkus cg;ydkufaqmif ygarmu©csKyfwa,mufjzpfvma&; wuúodkvfudk rdrdwdkY tvdkus
cs,fvS,fEdkifa&;wdkYtwGuf BudK;yrf;csufrsm;udkvnf; ausmif;om;xkodkY azmfxkwfwifjycJhayonf/
657
xdkYjyif ygarmu©csKyfopfa½G;cs,frnfh wuúodkvfaumifpDtpnf;ta0;yGJodkY Zefe0g&Dv (28) &ufaeYwGif

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cefYxm;cJhayonf/
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rajyjypfoljzpfaomfvnf; wuotaeESifh wuúodkvfwGif rvdkvm;tyfaom jyóemrsm; ray:aygufa&;? wdkif;jynf\
ynma&;wd;k wufa&;? wuúov kd f om,mwd;k wufa&;? Nidr;f csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;wdYk twGuf qufvuf BudK;yrf;oGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif; aMunmcJhayonf/
(p) ausmif;aqmifrvHkavmufrIjyóem / / ,ckESpf 1961 ck? ynmoifESpfwGif tpOftvmtm;jzifh ½SdaecJhaom

ausmif;aqmif rvHkavmufrIjyóemrSm ydkrdkBuD;rm;vmcJhayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif tpOftvmt& ausmif;aqmif
rvHak vmufr½I cdS jhJ cif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? vGecf ahJ omESpf pufwifbmv aemufqufwpJG mar;yGEJ iS hf rwfvpmar;yGrJ sm;wGif
atmifEIef;rsm;vmjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? xD;wef;ESifh &efuif;aumvdyfudk tif*sifeD,mr[mXmeodkY ½kwfw&uf
a½TUajymif;vmjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? ay:aygufvmcJhonfh ausmif;aqmifjyóemudk ajz½Sif;&ef BudKwifí rjyifqif
aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? ,ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;aqmifrvHak vmufrjI yóemrSm ydrk Bkd uD;rm;vmayonf/ odYkaomf wuúov kd f
tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh ausmif;aqmiftmPmydkifrsm;onf xdkjyóemrsm;twGuf rnfodkYrQ BudKwifjyifqifjcif; rjyKcJhay/
ausmif;aqmifae&m rvHkavmufonfh jyóemBuD;rm;vmNyD; xdyfwef;odkYa&mufvmrS ausmif;aqmiftmPmydkifrsm;
rsufvHk;jyL;cJh&ayonf/
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awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(u) wcef;vQif (2) a,mufxm;&ef?
(c) tu,fí rvHkavmufvQif ,ckvuf½Sd xrif;pm;cef;rrsm;wGif aexdkifapum ,m,Dxrif;pm;cef;rsm;
aqmufvkyf&ef?
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(C) ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; aqmufvyk af y;&efEiS hf ausmif;aqmifjyóemudk ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf yl;wGaJ jz½Si;f
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onf/ xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí 19? 6? 61 aeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;wGif
pOf;pm;um wcef; (2) a,mufxm;&efESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ausmif;aqmifae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD
wGif yg0ifcGifhay;&ef qHk;jzwfcJhavonf/
ausmif;aqmif ae&mrvHak vmufro I nf ausmif;om;rsm;\ ynmoifMum;a&;udk rsm;pGmxdcu kd o
f nf[k wuo
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wdkY\ t,ltqudk wuotaeESifh vHk;0vufrcHEdkifay/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaexdkifí ynmoifMum;vdkonfh
ausmif;om;wdkif; ausmif;aqmifae&m&&ef wuoonf enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;½SmMuHí awmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJhayonf/
wuoonf avmavmq,f &ifqikd af e&aom ausmif;aqmifrvHak vmufrI jyóemudk ajz½Si;f Edik &f eftwGuf ,ckpmoif
cef;tjzpf jyKvkyfxm;aom bDtdkpDaumvdyftm; ausmif;aqmiftjzpf ajymif;vJum ausmif;om;rsm;tm;xm;&ef quf
vuf wifjycJhayonf/ odkYaomf 26? 6? 61 &ufaeY usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;wGif wuo\
wifjycsuu f kd ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD obmywd ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmomvSu vH;k 0vufrcHbJ obmywdtmPmoH;k
um y,fcscJhjyefonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuoonf 3? 7? 61 aeYwGif wuo ausmif;om;xk txl;tpnf;ta0;wck
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ay;&efESifh ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; tjrefaqmufvkyfay;&ef wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcJhavonf/ wuorS wifjycJh
aom wcef;ESpfa,muf aexdkifa&;rlwGif rauseyfaom ausmif;om;rsm; ½SdaeaomaMumifh wuoonf 3? 7? 61
&ufaeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;odkY ESpfa,mufwcef;pepfudk twif;rusifhoHk;bJ ESpf
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aqmifaumfrwDrS y,fcscJah yonf/ xdYk jyif wuoonf txl;ausmif;om;tpnf;ta0;rS qH;k jzwfawmif;qdck sufrsm;udk
658
Zlvdkifv (8) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ ¤if;aumifpDtpnf;ta0; usif;y

aomaeYwGif wuoonf ausmif;om; (2000) ausmfESifh wuúodkvfaumifpDtm; 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh
wuúov kd af umifprD S ausmif;aqmifae&m½SmazGa&; txl;aumfrwDw&yf zGUJ pnf;um ausmif;aqmifaeolwikd ;f ae&m&½Sad &;
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rsm;vnf; ,aeYwdkifrajz½Sif;Edkifjzpfaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaeoifholwdkif; ausmif;aqmifae&m&a&;twGuf
Mo*kwfv (1) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;odkY wuo&Jabmfrsm;onf ydkpwmrsm;
udkifaqmifum xyfrHqE´jycJhMuonf/
,aeYxd ausmif;aqmifae&m r&½Sdao;aom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; trsm;tjym;½Sdaeayao;onf/ ¤if;wdkY
onf aexdik rf tI cuftcJrsm;Mum;rS qif;&Jyifyef;pGm ynmoifMum;aeMu&ayonf/ ¤if;wdYkEiS hf ywfoufí ausmif;aqmif
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onf[k wuorS ,lqayonf/ odkY&mwGif wm0ef&Sdol tmPmydkifrsm;taeESifh xdkausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
wdusaom oabmxm;r½Sdao;bJ jzpfaeay&m xdkjyóem ajyvnfa&;twGuf qufvufaqmif½Guf ajz½Sif;ay;&ef
vdktyfayonf/ wuotaeESifhvnf; ausmif;aqmifae&mr&½Sdao;ol ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf qufvufwdkufyGJ0if
aqmif½GufoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/
(5) ynmoifMum;a&;ESifUygwfoufaom aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;/

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(Eligible) rjzpfolwdkYonf aq;odyÜHESifhtif*sifeD,modkY 0ifEdkifa&;twGuf bmompHk (5) bmompvHk; ajzqdk&rnfjzpf
aMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
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odyÜHESifh tif*sifeD,modyÜHodkY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; ta&mufenf;&ef MuHpnfjcif;om jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh
wuoonf (5) bmom jyefajza&;rludk uefYuGufum trSwfrjynfhaombmom&yfudkom jyefvnfajza&;twGuf
awmif;qdck ahJ yonf/ trSwrf jynfah om bmom&yf jyefajz&eftwGuf r&½Sad omfvnf; (Eligible) oH;k bmomjyefajz&ef
wuúodkvfaumifpDrS cGifhjyKcJhayonf/
(c) aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJusif;ya&; / / 1960 ck? pmoifESpf tprSpí EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh wuúodkvfaumifpDu

&efuek wf uúov kd w
f iG f ynma&;ajymif;vJjyifqifcsufrsm;tjzpf wuúov kd t
f ufOya' jyifqifjcif;? ausmif;vcaumufcH
jcif;? pnf;rsOf;opfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh pmar;yGJpepfopfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;wdkYudk pwiftaumiftxnf azmfcJhonf/
pmar;yGJpepfESifh ywfoufí &efukefwuúodkvfwGif 1960 ckESpfrSpí ZGefv aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudk zsuf
odrf;um pmar;yGJwckusif;y&ef pDpOfcJhonf/ odkUaomfvnf; 1960 ckESpf aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf
wuou awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJh&m wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm; taejzifhvnf; aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJw&yfudk pufwif
bmvwGif usif;yay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf 1960-61 ckESpfwGif aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudk zsufodrf;cJhonf/
wuotaeESifh ,aeYwuúodkvf\ oifMum;ydkYcsyHkonf ajymif;vJjyifqifjyKpkjcif; r½SdcJhao;? oifMum;ydkYcs
&ef tajctaejzpfonfh ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mrsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufjcif;
r½Sdao;? oif½dk;oifwef; pmar;yGJpepfrSpí ajymif;vJjynfhpHkjcif; r½Sdao;yg[k ,lqonf/ xdkYjyif ausmif;om;rsm;\
ynmoifMum;a&; tajctaerSm ausmif;aqmif rvHak vmufjcif;? pmar;yGu J s ausmif;xkwpf epfrsm;jzifh Ncdr;f ajcmufcaH e
&jcif; ponfwdkYESifh rjynfhpHk rwnfrNidrfjzpfae&onf/ þodkYaom tajctaersm;wGif aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJrsm;udk
qufvufxm;½Sd&ef vdktyfonf[k wuorS ,HkMunfayonf/ xdkUaMumifh wuoonf wuo\ oabmxm;udk
wuúov kd f aumifpoD Ukd wifjyum aemufqufwpJG mar;yGJ xm;½Sad &;udk awmif;qdck YJonf/ ausmif;om;xk twGi;f odUk vnf;
aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJESifhywfoufaom oabmxm;udk xkwfjyefcJhonf/
(*) pmar;yGJpepfopf / / &efukefwuúodkvfwGif 1960-61 ESpfrSpí wuúodkvfpmar;yGJ yHkpHopfw&yfudk usifhoHk;

659
aeonf/ wuotaejzifv h nf; wuúov kd \

f vuf½pdS mar;yGpJ epfukd ajymif;vJa&;rlukd vufcaH yonf/ vuf½dS pmar;yGJ
pepfudk ajymif;vJypf&ef 1958 ckESpf Mo*kwfvwGif usif;yjyKvkyfaom jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,f
yGJBuD;rSvnf;aumif;? 1960 ck atmufwdkbmvwGif usif;yjyKvkyfaom Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHrSvnf;aumif;
csrw S cf ahJ yonf/ xdYkaMumifh wuoonf ,aeYwuúov kd w
f iG f usio hf ;kH aeaom pmar;yGpJ epfopftm; ynma&;tajccHay:
wGif rltm;jzifh oabmudkufnDayonf/
odYk aomf pmar;yGpJ epfopf wcktm; ajymif;vJrnfqv kd Qif þpmar;yGpJ epfEiS hf wqufwnf;jzpfaom oifMum;ydYk
csyHkpepf? oifMum;ydkYcsrI tajctae? oif½dk;oifwef;rsm;udkyg jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ayrnf/ odkYrSomvQif wajy;nDaom
ajymif;vJr?I rSeu f efaom jyKjyifrrI sm; jzpfrnf/ xdo k Ykd tajctaet&yf&yfukd ravYvmrajymif;vJbJ pmar;yGpJ epfwckwnf;
udkom uGufuGufuav;jrifí ajymif;vJ&ef BudK;pm;cJhonfqdkygu pdwful;,Ofjcif;rQom jzpfayonf/
,aeY wuúov kd t f ajctaeudk jyefvnfqef;ppfvQif vuf½dS ynmoifMum;ydYkcsypkH epftm; ajymif;vJ&efppD Ofjcif;
r½SdbJ vuf½Sd ausmif;taqmuftOD rvHkavmufrI? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm* rvHkavmufrI? t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mOD;a&
ESifh ausmif;om;OD;a& rrQwrI ponfh oifMum;ydkcsa&; tajctaewdkYudk jyKjyifzefwD; jznfhpGufjcif;rsm;udk rawGU&ay/
xdkYaMumifh ,ckESpf pwifusifhoHk;aeaom pmar;yGJpepfopfonf wuúodkvf tajctaet&yf&yftm; ajymif;vJ
jyKjyifjcif;r½Sbd J atmifjrifEikd rf nf r[kwaf y/ xdYk jyif ,ckEpS u f sio hf ;kH aeaom pmar;yGpJ epf\ tcGit hf a&;rsm;rSm rSwyf w
kH if
ausmif;om;rsm;om tjynft h 0 &½Sad yrnf/ xdYk aMumifh ausmif;om;wdik ;f rSwyf w kH ifausmif;om;b0udk cH,El ikd af &;twGuf
pmar;yGJusausmif;xkwfpepfudk zsufodrf;&efESifh ausmif;aecsifolwdkif; ausmif;aecGifhjyK&ef vdktyfaMumif; oabmxm;
w&yfudk xkwfjyefcJhayonf/
,cktcgwGif wuúodkvfwGif pmoifcef; rvHkavmufjcif;? q&m rvHkavmufjcif; jyóem &ifqdkifae&onf/
wuou OD;pGm axmufjycJhonfhtwdkif; þpepfrSm ratmifrjrif jzpfvm&onf/ enf;jyoifwef;rsm;rSm wywfxuf
wywf tcsdefavQmhvmonf/ q&mrsm;vnf; rEdkifreif;jzpfum ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; pdwfysufaeMuonf/ þpmar;yGJ
pepfopfESifhywfoufí wuoonf oabmxm;tjynfhtpHkudk xyfrHpOf;pm;um vkyfief;rsm; taumiftxnfazmf&ef
vdkayonf/
wuúodkvf\ ynmoifMum;a&; wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGufum; wyGJxdk;aq;NrD;wdkjzifh pdwful;wnfh&m
avQmufvkyfaeír&? pdwful;,Ofír&[k wuou tav;teuf,HkMunfonf/ wuúodkvfoifMum;a&; aumif;rGef
wd;k wufvmap&ef wuúov kd wf iG f ynmoifMum;rItajctae ydrk w kd ;kd wuf aumif;rGev f map&ef ynma&;jyKjyif ajymif;vJ
a&;udkvnf; tav;teufxm;um aqmif½Guf&efvdktyfayonf/
(6) yGJobiftcrf;tem;rsm;
(u) usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJ / / 1960-61ck &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ Ouú|opf\ usrf;opömusdef
qdkyGJtcrf;tem;udk 1960 ck? Edk0ifbmv (17) &uf? aeYvnf (1) em&DtcsdefwGif wuocef;rü usif;ycJhonf/
usdrf;opömusdefqdkyGJodkY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? or*¾trIaqmifrsm;? q&m? q&mrrsm;? EdkifiHjcm;oH½Hk;rsm;rS
{nfhonfawmfrsm; wufa&mufMuayonf/ usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJodkY q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;u o0PfvGmay;ydkYcJh
onf/ usrf;usdeyf u
JG kd wuo\ yxrqH;k Ouú| OD;ausmfcif vma&muf usrf;usdeaf y;cJoh nf/ xdu
k srf;opömusdeq
f ykd w
JG iG f
&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ trIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk aMunmcJhayonf/ usrf;opömusdef
qdkyGJwGif tpOftvmtm;jzifh ausmif;aeY0uf ydwfxm;cJhaomfvnf; ,ckESpfwGif ygarmu©csKyfu ydwfray;cJhacs/ þodkY
ygarmu©csKyf\ tjyKtrltwGuf wuoonf 0rf;enf;aMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/
(c) atmufwdkbm txdrf;trSwfaeh / / 1953 ck? atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ta&;awmfyHktm; tav;

teufxm;aomtm;jzifh atmufwdkbm (3) &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xk aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&; oabmxm;aMunmcsuf
wapmifudk xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/
(*) q|rtBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfnDvmcH / / ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ (6)

Budrfajrmuf nDvmcHudk wuocef;rü 1960 ck? atmufwdkbm (20) &ufaeYrS (24) &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhayonf/
wuo\ þnDvmcHodkY aemifawmfnDawmf wuúodkvfor*¾rsm;ESifhtwl wufa&mufcJhayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf\
tajctaeudk wifjyum Armw0Srf;vHk;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;\ b0tajctae? ynmoifMum;a&; tajctae? 'Drdkua&pD
660
a&; tajctaewdYkukd aqG;aEG;cJoh nf/ þnDvmcHBuD;rS ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;? ynmoifMum;rI tajctaewd;k wuf
aumif;rGefa&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk csrSwfEdkifcJhayonf/
(C) urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;aeh / / Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYudk urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾rS urÇmYausmif;om;aeY

tjzpf owfrw S cf ahJ yonf/ ArmEdik if w
H iG f urÇmYausmif;om;aeYukd 1951 ckEpS rf S pwif usi;f ycJah yonf/ ,ckEpS w
f iG v
f nf;
urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk wuojrufcif;wGif usif;ycJhayonf/ þaeYwGif jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI "gwfyHk
jyyGJESifh rsufarSmufacwf yef;csDq&mrsm;\ aq;a&;yef;csDjyyGJudk wuo pmMunfhcef;wGif usif;ycJhayonf/ wuo
oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerS pma&;puúL? pmtdwf ponfrsm;? ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;rS rkefY[if;cg;? bl;oD;aMumf
ponfrsm;udk a&mif;cscJhonf/ <ua&mufvmaom {nfhonfawmfrsm;? ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tNidrfhjzifh
{nfhcHazsmfajzcJhonf/
(i) trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh / / atmufwdkbmv (27) &ufaewGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? Arm

EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &efukefc½kdifvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾wdkY yl;wGJum tBudrf (40)
ajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk wckwnf;aom trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYBuD;tjzpf usif;ya&;ESifhywfoufí oabmxm;
aMunmcsufwapmifudk xkwfjyefcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;?
ausmif; om;or*¾rsm;yg0ifaom trsK;d om;atmifyaJG eYukd usi;f ya&;aumfrwDw&yf zJUG pnf;um tBudrf (41) Budraf jrmuf
trsKd;om;atmifyJGaeYudk 1960 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (12) &ufaeYwGif NrdKUawmfcef;ra½SUwGif usif;ycJhayonf/ xdktcrf;
tem;wGif ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef;u rdefYcGef;ajymMum;
cJhonf/ tcrf;tem;tNyD;wGif ausmif;om;or*¾BuD; (3) cku OD;aqmifum pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJudk jyKvkyfcJhonf/
(p) Adkvfatmifausmfaeh / / (22) Budrfajrmuf AdkvfatmifausmfaeY tcrf;tem;udk 1960 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (20)
&ufaeYwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;wGJum Adkvfatmifausmf usqkH;cJhaom Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;wGif usif;y
cJhonf/ xdkaeYtcrf;tem;wGif ynma&;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; tqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;qkH;jzwfcJhMuonf/
(q) wuúodkvfESifUaumvdyfausmif;aygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJ / / 1960 ck? 'DZifbmv ___ ___ ___/
(Z) aumvdyfaygif;pkHajy;ckefupm;yGJ / / ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ /
(ps) wuo tESpf (30) txdrf;trSwf yÍörtBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;yGJawmf / / ESpfESpfwBudrf usif;yjrJjzpf

aom yÍörtBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;yJGawmfudk wuo tESpf (30) ajrmuf txdrf;trSwfyJGawmftjzpf wuúodkvfwGif
Zefe0g&Dv (6) &ufaeYrS (10) &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhonf/
yJaG wmftBudKaeYjzpfaom Zefe0g&Dv (5) &ufaeYEiS hf (6-7) &ufaeYrsm;wGif wuúov kd jf rufcif;jyifü vlrsK;d pka&;
&ma[majymyJGrsm;? ppfrjzpfrDESifh ppfNyD;acwf ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIordkif;rsm;udk vlrsKd;pka&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;? ausmif;
om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u a[majymMuonf/ yJGawmfuyJGtcrf;tem;rsm;udk ESpfpOfusif;yjrJjzpfaom ,k'oefjrufcif;wGif
ygarmu©csKyfu vkyfcGifhray;cJhojzifh atmifausmf&ifjyifwGif usif;ycJh&onf/ uyJGtcrf;tem;zGifhyJGudk Zefe0g&Dv
(9) &ufaeYwGif wuoyxrOuú| OD;ausmfcifu zGifhvSpfcJhonf/ ¤if;tcrf;tem;wGif urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾rsm;
twGif;a&;rSL;tzJGY0if rpöwmbif[ifywfta&mAfu rdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/
ausmif;om;yJaG wmf nrsm;wGif vlrsKd;pka&;&mjycef;? ausmif;om;vIy½f mS ;rI wuotESpf (30) ordik ;f 0ifypön;f
jycef;? yef;csDq&mOD;eef;a0\ wyifwikd yf ef;csDjycef;? rsufarSmufacwf umwGe;f q&mrsm;\ acwfaMu;rHk umwGe;f jycef;?
tif*sifeD,mjycef;? aq;ynmjycef; ponfrsm;udk jyocJhonf/ oH½Hk;toD;oD;rSvnf; jycef;rsm;zGifhvSpfjyojcif;?
½kyf½Sifjyojcif;jzifh ulnDcJhMuonf/
ausmif;om;yJGawmf&ufrsm;wGif vufa0SYNyKdifyJGrsm;? jcif;,dkifcwfNyKdifyJGrsm;? acsmwdkifwufyJGrsm;? 'dk;ywfNyKdifyJG?
aqmif;yg;NyKdifyJG? 0w¬KNyKdifyJGrsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;yJGawmfBuD;udk atmifjrifxl;jcm;pGm usif;yEdkifjcif;rSm
wuúodkvfvlrsKd;pktoif;rsm;tzJGUcsKyf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzJGUcsKyf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;?
tuo? quoESifh ausmif;om;xk\ yl;aygif;BuKd;yrf;rIaMumifhjzpfonf[k wuorS tav;teuf,lqayonf/
661
(n) [,f&Dwefaehtcrf;tem; / / yÍörtBudrfajrmuf [,f&DwefaeYtcrf;tem;udk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uo

wdkYESifh yl;wGJum 1961 ckESpf? rwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ or*¾ (3) ckrS trIaqmifrsm;pka0;NyD;
[,f&Dweftkwf*lodkY oGm;a&mufNyD; vGrf;olYyef;acGrsm;csum t"d|mefpmwrf;rsm; zwfMum;cJhonf/
(#) tmZmenfaeh / / 1961 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (19) &ufaeY AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh tmZmenfacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;

usq;kH onfh (14) ESpaf jrmufaeYwiG f trsK;d om;ynma&;? trsK;d om;vGwv
f yfa&; Adou
k mBuD;rsm;owd& OD;ñGwo
f nftae
ESifh wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkY yl;aygif;um tmZmenfAdrmefodkY csDwuftav;jyKum? vGrf;olYyef;acGcsyGJESifh
uarmufurynma&; wdkifwnfyGJudk usif;ycJhonf/
(7) Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;
(u) Edik if jH cm;qufo, G af &; / / ausmif;om;xkEiS hf jynfov l xl t k wGuf wuo\ ajymifajrmufaom wdu k yf rJG sm;aMumifh
vnf;aumif;? urÇmYausmif;om;tcsi;f csi;f aoG;pnfnñ D wG af &;vkyif ef;rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? wuo\ *kPo f u
d m©
onf urÇmYwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif xif½Sm;ay:vGifcJhonf/ wuoonf EdkifiHwumausmif;om; tzGJUtpnf;rsm; jzpfonfh
(International Union of Students, Co-ordinating Secretariat) rsm;ESiv hf nf;aumif;? vli,ftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;
jzpfonfh (W.F.D.Y, W.A.Y) wdkUESifhvnf;aumif; qufqHcJhayonf/ txl;ojzifh (I.U.S, W.F.D.Y) wdkYESifh yl;wGJí
udkvdkeDqefYusifa&;? e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? EdkifiHwumausmif;om;vli,fwdkufyGJrsm;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifcJh
ayonf/ xdkYjyif urÇmYEdkifiHt&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;om;tzGJUrsm;ESifh qufoG,fEdkifcJhayonf/ tdE´d,? *syef? w½kwfjynf?
AD,uferf? puFmyl? tD&wf? ½k½Sm;? zifvef? qGDZmvef? *smrPD? awmiftmz&du? t,fvf*sD;&D;,m; ponfhwdkif;jynftoD;
oD;\ ausmif;om;tzGJUrsm;ESifh tquftoG,f &½SdcJhayonf/ odkY&mwGif tm½S-tmz&du pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;twGuf
tm½S-tmz&du wdkif;jynftoD;oD;ESifh auseyfjynfhpHkvHkavmufonftxd qufoG,frI tcdkiftrmr½SdcJhay/ (World
University Service W.U.S) tzGJUESifhvnf; 1958 ckESpfrSpí ,aeYtxd qufoG,frItjynfht0 r½SdcJhay/
wuoonf e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;tcef;wGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifhtwl Armjynf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;
e,fcsJUtEÅ&m,fESifh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ta&;awmfyHkrsm;tm; rsufajcrysufapa&;? trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&; tif
tm;jzifh wdkufyGJ0if&ef tpOftjrJvIHUaqmf OD;aqmifcJhayonf/ ¤if;jyif e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;tcef;ESifh qufpyfí Armjynf
tm; w½kwfjzLrsm; wdkuf½dkufusL;ausmfrI? tar&dueftpdk;&\ wdkuf½kdufpGufzufrIrsm;udk wuoonf tpOfowd½SdcJh
ayonf/ xdYk aMumifh w½kwjf zLusL;ausmfr?I tar&duefpu G zf ufrI uefYuu G ½f wI cf syGrJ sm; jyKvkyo f nfEiS hf wqufwnf;wGif
Edik if aH wmftpd;k &tm; e,fcsJUtay: jywfom;vmap&ef wdu k w f eG ;f cJah yonf/ txl;ojzifh tar&dueftpd;k &onf Armjynf
ESifh w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiHESifh ___ &if;ESD;a&;udk rvdkvm;onfh tavsmuf ppfa&;? EdkifiHa&; ___ taESmifh
t,Sufay;aeonfudk wm;qD;&ef vdktyfcJhonf/ ___ ___ ArmpmcsKyf csKyfqdka&;? Ek-acsmif rlig;csufESifh
ArmEdkifiHMum;ae0g' ___ cJhayonf/ xdkYjyif tar&duefonf Armjynf\ pD;yGm;a&;? ___,Ofaus;rIwdkYwGif
0ifa&muf pGufzufEdkifa&; ___ qD;wdk;tkyfpkwGif;odkY yg0ifa&;wdkYtwGuf ___ ___ rsm; nDvmcHudk (Zefe0g&D
25 - azazmf0g&D __) ___aqmifí ygupöwef u&mcsdNrdKUwGif ___ ___ \ aumufuspfpOf;vJrIudk
azmfxkwfcJhayonf/ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _______________/
EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;twGuf wuo tESpf (30) ajrmuf yÍötBudrf ausmif;om;
yJGawmfodkYwufa&muf&ef EdkifiHwumvli,fausmif;om;tzJGUrsm;udk zdwfMum;cJhayonf/ (I.U.S) ___ eH,rf;
wuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾rS o0PfvTmrsm;&½SdcJhonf/ *smref'Drdku&ufwpfor®wEdkifiHrS vli,fowif;pmq&m
rsm;tzJUG ? w½kwjf ynfoYlor®wEdik if \ H Edik if w
H umvli,fawGUqHak qG;aEG;yJG ud, k pf m;vS,t f zJUG ? (Co-sec) rS ud, k pf m;vS,?f
MopaMw;vQjynf ausmif;om;tzJGU Ouú| wuoodkY vma&mufcJhonf/
wuo\ Edik if w H umqufqaH &;wGif jynfwiG ;f vIy½f mS ;rIrsm;aMumifh pmtquftoG,rf sm;jzifo h m jyKvkycf &hJ í?
wuoud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; jyifyodYk xGucf mG cGirhf &cJah y/ tD&wfEikd if H b*¾'wfNrdKUwGif usif;yaom urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾
nDvmcHoYkd vnf;aumif;? armfpudNk rKdUwGif usi;f yaom Edik if w H umvli,fawGUqHak qG;aEG;yJo G Ykd vnf;aumif; wufa&muf&ef
Edik if u H ;l vufrw S f xkwyf a;&efawmif;qdck &hJ m yxptpd;k &rS jiif;qefcahJ yonf/ þodYk tm;jzifh yxptpd;k &onf ausmif;
om;or*¾rsm;\ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifcJhayonf/ Armjynf\ wnfhrwfaom Mum;aea&;0g'udk rrSefruef
usifhoHk;cJhayonf/ zqyvtpdk;&? ppftpdk;&ESifh ,aeY yxptpdk;& vufxuftxd tpOftjrJ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;
\ EkdifiHwumqufqHrI tcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifcJhayonf/ yxptpdk;&\ jyKrlcsufESifh ywfoufí wuoonf jynf
662
wGif;jynfy ½IwfcsuefYuGufcJhonf/
(c) tm;upm;ESifU,Ofaus;rIXme / / &efukefwuúodkvf tm;upm;aumifpDwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (5) OD;

yg0ifcJh&m wuo\ upm;ckefpm;vkyfief;rsm;pGmonf &efukefwuúodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpD\ vkyfief;rsm;wGif
tusKH;0ifomG ;ayonf/ txl;ojzifh ,ckEpS w f iG f wuúov kd u f pm;ckepf m;aumifpo D nf wuo\ wifjycsufrsm; tm;vH;k
vdkvdkyif vufcHvkyfaqmifonfudk awGUjrif&ayonf/
wuoonf ESpfvnf ajy;ckefupm;yJGBuD;udk ydkrdkpnfum;pGm usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf aqmif½GufcJhayonf/
yg0if,SOfNyKdifaom pepfudk toif;vdkuf yg0if,SOfNyKdifapjcif;tm;jzifh yg0if,SOfNyKdifolOD;a& rsm;jym;vmonfomru
vma&muftm;ay;Munfh½Iolrsm;vnf; ydkrdkvma&mufcJhayonf/ ae&mxdkifcif; rvHkavmufrIESifh tjcm;vkyfief;jyifqifrI
tenf;i,fcsKdU,Gi;f onfrt S y wuúov kd Ef pS yf wfvnfajy;ckeu f pm;NyKdiyf BGJ uD;onf atmifjrifcrf;em;odu k Nf rKducf ahJ yonf/
NyKdiyf q
GJ rk sm;udvk nf; woD;wjcm; tcrf;tem;vkyí f qkay;Edik cf ahJ yonf/ qkay;&mwGif ay;½d;k ay;pOfrjyKvkyb f J urÇmYt
EdkifEdkifiH wuúodkvfBuD;rsm;\ yHkpHerlemudk,lí a½Ta&mif? tjyma&mifpaom ta&mifrsm;cJGjcm;í tqifhtwef;owfrSwf
csD;jr§ifhcJhayonf/ tm;upm;tqifhtwef;owfrSwfaom a½Ta&mif? tjyma&mif ponfwdkYudk ay;yHkay;enf; ]]rl}} ay:wGif
tcsKdUrauseyfMuay/ odkYaomf vkyfief;taumiftxnf azmfaom yxrESpftzdkY csKdU,Gif;csufrsm; ½SdrnfrSefaomfvnf;
a½SUtzdkY tm;vHk;auseyfvmEdkifMuvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfayonf/
wuúov kd t f m;upm; pmapmifukd tenf;qH;k oH;k vwBudrf xkwaf 0&efMuHpnf tm;xkwcf ahJ omfvnf; tusyt f
wnf;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh wapmifom xkwaf 0Edik cf ahJ yonf/ Edik if jH cm;oH½;kH toD;oD;rS tm;upm; ½ky½f iS u f m;rsm; vma&muf
jyo&efpDpOfcJhaomfvnf; ratmifjrifcJhay/ wuúodkvf½Sd tm;upm;toif;tzJGU aygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yJGw&yfudk jyKvkyf&efBuKd;
yrf;cJah yonf/ odYk aomf wuúov kd ½f dS tm;upm;tzJUG rsm;rSm wcsdew f nf;jyefvnfzUGJ pnf;jcif; r½SMd uojzifh aqG;aEG;usif;yJG
rusif;yEdkifcJh/ xdkYaMumifh wuúodkvf½Sd topfjyefvnf zJGUpnf;NyD;aom tm;upm;toif;tzJGUrsm;udk ac:,lí tm;upm;
tpDtpOfvkyfief; (Programme) a&;qJG&ef wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif tMuHÓPfay;cJh&m aumifpDu vufcHcJhayonf/
wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu f pm;yJBG uD;udk rEÅav;wGif usif;y&m &efuek w f uúov kd rf S tm;upm;o
rm;rsm;tm; apvTwf,SOfNyKdif EdkifcJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfrS trSwftrsm;qHk;jzifh yxrqk&½SdcJhayonf/
wuorS oD;jcm;tm;upm;NyKdifyJG rusif;yEdkifcJhaomfvnf; ausmif;om;yJGawmfwGif jcif;,dkifcwfNyKdifyJGusif;y
jcif;? wuúodkvfvufa0SYtoif;ESifh yl;wJGí vufa0SYNyKdifyJG usif;yjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/
urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rsm;tzJGUcsKyfodkY &efukefwuúodkvftwGuf tm;upm;ypönf;rsm; awmif;qdkcJh&m
tawmftoifh &½SdcJhonf/ 1961 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (22) &ufaeYrS pufwifbmv (3) &ufaeYtxd bla*;&D;,m;jynf?
qdzk v D mNrKdUawmfwiG f usif;yonfh urÇmYwuúov kd af ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu f pm;yJBG uD;odYk &efuek w f uúov kd rf S yg0if,OS Nf yKdiEf ikd &f ef
trsK;d rsK;d MuHpBD uKd;pm;cJah yonf/ wuúov kd tf m;upm;aumifpED iS hf wuúov kd af umifpo
D Ykd aiGaMu;uln&D ef awmif;qdck ahJ omf
vnf; aiGxkwfay;EdkifpGrf; r½SdcJhay/ BuKd;pm;vsuf ½Sdaeayonf/
,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m vkyfief;rsm;wGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY tar&duef,Ofaus;rIudk umuG,f[efYwm;&ef?
ArmhtEkynm ,Ofaus;rIxrd ;f odr;f &ef aumfrwDwck zJUG pnf;&efBuKd;pm;cJo h nf/ odYk aomfvnf; &efuek w f uúov kd ,f Ofaus;
rItoif; ½Sdaejcif;ESifh tjcm;taMumif; trsKd;rsKd;wdkYaMumifh qufvufraqmif½GufEdkifcJhay/
(*) wuooufomacsmifcsda&;Xme / / ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __/
wuopm;aomufqdkifESifh ywfoufí vGefcJhaom 1959 ckESpf trIaqmiftzJGUrS wif'gpepfjzifh a½G;cs,fum
zGiv
hf pS af pcJah om or*¾pm;aomufqikd o f nf wif'gpnf;rsO;f t& 1960 ckEpS w f iG f oufwrf;aphNyD; jzpfojzpf wif'gaumfr
wDzUGJ pnf;um pepfwus rlrsm;csrSwí f rljzifth uku d t
f nDq;kH jzpfol OD;oGi-f a':oef;wdYk tm; wif'gay;í qdik zf iG v hf pS af pcJh
onf/ pm;aomufqikd o f pfukd {NyDvwGizf iG vhf pS cf &hJ m oefY½iS ;f aumif;rGef vyfqyfaom tpmtm[m&rsm;&½Sad &;? rQwaom
aps;EIef;jzifh 0,f,lpm;oHk;Edkifa&;ESifh pepfwusjzpfa&;wdkYtwGuf oufomacsmifcsda&;Xmetaejzifh wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif
vsu½f adS yonf/ ,ckEpS w f iG v
f nf; wuo oufomacsmifcsad &;qdik u f kd ydrk jkd ynfph akH umif;rGepf mG wnfaxmifEikd af &;twGuf
BuKd;yrf;vsuf½Sd&m rMumjrifhrD qdkifzGifhvSpfrnf jzpfayonf/
(C) vlxkqufoG,fa&;Xme / / wuo vlxkqufoG,fa&;Xmevkyfief;onf wuovkyfief;rsm;ESifh a&mpyf

vsu½f o
dS nfom rsm;ayonf/ pmqdak wmfaeYjzpfaom ewfawmfvqef; (1) &ufaeY? nwGif wuúov
kd u
f avmiftoif;ESihf
663
wuowdYk yl;aygif;um wuocef;rwGif pmqdak wmfynm½SiBf uD;rsm; jzpfMuaom q&mBuD;ocifu, kd af wmfridI ;f ? q&mBuD;
OD;azarmifwif? q&mrif;ok0PfESifh q&mOD;rsKd;rif;wdkYtm; uefawmhylaZmfyGJ usif;ycJhonf/ ¤if;aemuf a[majymyGJudk
usif;y&m q&mrif;ok0PfESifh OD;rsKd;rif;wdkYu a[majymMuonf/
(i) tdk;a0r*¾Zif; / / tdk;a0r*¾Zif;onf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾rsm;\ a<u;aMumfoH jzpfonf/

tdk;a0onf ausmif;om;xk b0tajctaeESifh cHpm;csufrsm;? epfemcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwf&m wifjy&mjzpfonf/ jynfol
rdbrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;xk b0tajctae epfemcsufrsm;udk qufpyfwifjy today;&mvnf; jzpfonf/ tdk;a0onf
e,fcsJUorm; vufxufuyif e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ESifh trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; wdkufyGJwdkYtwGuf jynfolrdbrsm;ESifh
ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;tm; aoG;opfjznfh&m? tm;opfavmif;&m wGef;tm;jzpfcJhonf/
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;vGwaf jrmufa&; xde;f odr;f umuG,af &;? trsKd;om;ynma&; wnfaqmufa&;ESihf
'Drdkua&pDa&; wdkufyGJrsm;onf ,aeY tqHk;rowfao;acs/ tdk;a0onf þwm0ef&yfrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&eftwGuf
a½SUodkY qufvufcsDwufrnf jzpfonf/
1960-61 ckESpfonf tdk;a0r*¾Zif; (25) ESpfajrmufESpf jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwDu
,if;r*¾Zif;udk txl;wvnf jyifqifxkwfa0rnf jzpfonf/
tdk;a0r*¾Zif;udk-
- or*¾wnfwHUcdkifjrJa&;? ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;?
- e,fcsJYqefhusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;?
- trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jr§ifUwifa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&; [laomtcsufrsm;udk tajccHxkwfa0rnf/
tdk;a0r*¾Zif;udk Edk0ifbmvwGif ausmif;om;xkvufodkY ay;ydkYjzefYcsdEdkifrnf jzpfonf/
(8) taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;
1960 ckESpf? pufwifbmv (12) &ufaeY jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif ynma&;0efBuD; ajymMum;aom tpD&ifcHpm
twGuf EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtoD;oD;udk zdwfac:rnf/ wwdkif;jynfvHk;ESifh aqG;aEG;rnf[laom tcsufESifh ynma&;pHkprf;rI
aumfr½Siw f iG f Edik if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf; ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk xnfo h iG ;f aqmif½u G af prnfqakd om ajymMum;csuw f Ykdukd wuo
u axmufcHcJhonf/ trsKd;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ wckjyKvkyf&ef vdktyfaMumif;udkvnf; wifjycJhonf/
1960 ckEpS ?f Ed0k ifbmv (31) &ufaeYrS pí &efuek w f uúov kd f bGUJ ESi;f obifcef;rwGif usi;f yaom tm½Sta½SU
zsm;qdik &f muif;axmufnv D mcHoYkd jrefrmh&efol w½kwjf zLud, k pf m;vS,f wufa&mufjcif;ESihf nDvmcHusif;yaepOf bGUJ ESi;f
obif taqmuftODwGif w½kwfjzLtvH vTifhxlxm;jcif;udk wuorS uefYuGufcJhonf/
1960 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv pmar;yGw J iG b
f UJG &olrsm;tm; 1961 ckEpS f 'DZifbmvwGif jyKvkyaf om bGUJ ESi;f obif
odkY wufa&mufcGifh rjyKjcif;udk uefYuGuf&efESifh wufa&mufcGifhjyK&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ odkYaomf ae&mrvHkavmufrI
taMumif;jyum wufa&mufcGifhrjyKcJhay/
(12) ESpfwdkif rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif; cHcJh&aom udk,fvufroefol 'kud©wBuD; ocifaza|;tm; tjref
qHk;vTwfay;a&;twGuf awmif;qdkcJhonf/
,cifESpfwGif b@ma&;tusyftwnf;aMumifh rwyfqifEdkifaom pum;ajymaMu;eef; (w,fvDzkef;) udk
wuo udprö sm;ESifhwuG ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; vG,fvifhwul qufoG,fEdkifa&;wdkYtwGuf ,ckESpfwGif jyefvnf
wyfqifcJhonf/
1960 ck? rwfvwGif usif;yrnfjzpfaom wuúodkvfpmar;yGJrsm;tm; ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; vGwfvyf
at;csrf;pGm pmMunfhEdkif&ef wuocef;rudk 23? 1? 61 &ufaeYrS pwifum pmMunfhcef;tjzpf zGifhvSpfpDpOfay;cJhonf/
0dZÆmodyÜH (u) ausmif;om; udkat;xGef;onf 1960 ck? pufwifbmv (__) &ufaeY uG,fvGeftedpö
a&mufoGm;jcif;? OypmodyÜH (u) ausmif;om; udkav;vGifonf 1960 ck? Edk0ifbm (24) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGeftedpö
a&mufjcif;? Oypm0dZmÆ (c) ausmif;ol rjrwfreG o f nf 1960 ck? 'DZifbmv (16) &ufaeYwiG f uG,v f eG t
f edpö a&mufjcif;?
OypmodyÜH (u) ausmif;om; udkcifarmif&ifonf 1961 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (24) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGef tedpaö &mufjcif;/
0dZÆmodyÜH (c) ausmif;om; udkudkat;onf 1961 ck? {NyDv (15) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGeftedpöa&mufjcif;? 0dZÆmodyÜH
(u) ausmif;om; udkaZmf0if;xdefonf 1961 ckESpf? Zlvvdkifv (11) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGeftedpö a&mufjcif;wdkYudk
wuorS tokbydkYaqmifcJhonf/
664
(9) aus;Zl;wif½Sdjcif;
1960-61 ckESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;rsm;udk wifjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/
wuo a½G;aumufyGJwGif yg0ifulnDay;Muaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;? wuo
Ouú|a[mif;rsm;? wuo trIaqmifrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? urÇmYausmif;om;aeYESifh ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif yef;csDjyyGJ
twGufulnDaom yefcsDq&m OD;eef;a0tm; vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;yGJawmf acwfaMu;rHk umwGef;jycef;twGuf
ulnDaom jrefrmEdkifiH umwGef;q&mrsm;toif;tm; vnf;aumif;? wuotESpf (30) ajrmuf? yÍörtBudrfajrmuf
ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif wufa&mufzGifhvSpfay;aom wuo yxrOuú| OD;ausmfciftm; vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;yGJ
awmftwGuf aiG 1000d^- ulnaD om wuúov kd af umifpt D m; vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;yGaJ wmfwiG f ausmif;om;vIy½f mS ;
rIordkif; jycef;twGuf "gwfyHkrsm; iSm;&rf;ulnDMuaom jrLrif;BuD;a[mif; OD;xGef;tHk? wuúodkvfxifBuD;ESifh wyfrawmf
armfuGef;wdkuftm; vnf;aumif;/
'd;k ywfNydKifywJG iG f tuJjzwfvBl uD;rsm;tjzpf aqmif½u G af y;aom ygarmu©O;D atmifvS trSL;jyKaom *Dwynm½Sif
BuD;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? *Dwya'omazsmfajzcef;wGif ulnDMuaom a':aroef;trSL;jyKaom ynm½Sifrsm;udk vnf;
aumif;? pmayNydKifyGJwGif pmrlrsm;udk wnfjzwfa½G;cs,fay;Muaom q&mBuD;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;/
jyyGw J iG f yg0ifun l aD y;Mu aom wuúov kd pf me,fZif;toif;? wuúov kd "f gwfyt
kH oif;? aq;odyaHÜ usmif;om;
rsm;or*¾? &efuek w f uúov kd f vlrsKd;pktoif;rsm;tzGUJ csKyf? Adouk mtif*sife, D mausmif;om;rsm;toif;ESihf oH½;kH toD;oD;
tm; vnf;aumif;/
uyGJwGifyg0ifujyaom wuúodkvftif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? aq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;or*¾?
wuúodkvfvlrsKd;pktoif;tzGJUcsKyf? o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;? w½kwftrsKd;om;ausmif;olôm;toif;ESifh tjcm;
toif;tzGJUrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;/
jyifyrS vma&mufun l MD uaom pE´,m;cspfaqG? wuúov kd jf rwfav;? tqdak wmf udck ifarmifviG Ef iS hf *Dwynm
½Sirf sm;tm; vnf;aumif;? pmqdak wmfaeYwiG f <ua&muftuefawmhcí H pmaya[majym cs;D jr§iMhf uaom q&mrif;ok0PfEiS hf
q&mOD;rsKd;rif;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾wGif w,fvDzkef;wyfqifa&;twGuf tul
tnDay;aom vef'ef*dk;zvdyf OD;0if;½Sdeftm; vnf;aumif;? &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS txl;aus;Zl;
wifaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/
(10) ed*Hk;
wuúovkd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾onf (31) ESpf wif;wif;jynfch NhJ yD; jzpfayonf/ wuoonf e,fcsUJ qefYusif
a&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;ESifh trsKd;om;ynma&;twGuf e,fcsJUvufatmufüyif ajymifajrmufpGm wdkufyGJ0ifcJhay
onf/ Armjynforl sm;\ trsKd;om;vGwaf jrmufa&; wdu k yf w
JG iG v
f nf; wuoonf a½SUwef;rSwu kd yf 0JG ifco
hJ nf/ wuo
onf jynfol\opömw&m;udk tpOfapmifhodcJhonfyif jzpfayonf/
,aeYwGif wuotm; zsufqD;rnfh tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh &ifqdkifae&onf/ wuo\ajymifajrmufaom tpOf
tvm? xGef;ajymifaom ordkif;tpOfudk arS;rSdefap&ef rvdkolrsm;u MuHpnfaeMuonf/ wuo odu©musa&;twGuf
BudK;yrf;ae Muayonf/
wuoonf wuownfwHhcdkifjrJa&;? t"GefU½Snfa&;twGuf rSefuefaom oabmxm;ESifh ausmif;om;
jynfolwdkY\ tiftm;ay:wGif tajcpdkufum a½SUodkYqufvuf ___ ___ ___ /Ä
(yk)H
wifarmif
'k-OuúX
(1960-61 ckESpf)
rSwfcsuf- tcsKdYrl&if;pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;wGif pmvHk;rsm; zwfír&jcif;? pmrsufESmwrsufESmvHk; aysmufqHk;aeonf/

¤if;ae&mrsm;wGif ,ckuJhodkY _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ /Ä azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/ 665
OD;wifat; (NrKd rY )
(1960-61)
1957-58 wGif td;k a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o

hJ nf/ 1960-61 ckEpS w
f iG f Ouú|tjzpf
a½G;aumufwifajr§mufc&H onf/
&ef u k e f N rKd U NrKd U rtrsKd ; om;ausmif ; ausmif ; xG u f j zpf o nf / NrKd U rausmif ; om;a[mif ; rsm;tzJ G U wG i f
&moufyeftrIaqmifwOD; jzpfonf/ NrdKUrOD;wifat;[k vlord sm;aom a½SUaeBuD;wOD;jzpfonf/ ,ckpmtkyaf &;om;
&mwGif ulnDcJhrIjzifh 1998 ESpfOD;wGif zrf;qD;cH&NyD; axmif'Pf (7) ESpfcsrSwfcH&onf/ awmifilaxmifrS 2003
Mo*kwv f qef;wGif jyefvw G vf monf/ axmifruscifuwnf;u cg;ema&m*g&Scd NhJ yD;? axmifwiG ;f ü ydrk q
kd ;kd ½Gm;vmum
axmifrS vGwfajrmufNyD; (2) veD;yg;tMum 2003 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (2) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGefonf/
aoqHk;csdefwGif touf (73) ESpf&Sdí om;orD; (4) a,mufusef&pfcJhonf/ (atatyDyD? udkcGef;qdkif;)
&efuek w
f uúov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ trIaqmiftzGUJ (1960- 1961)
udkvSa½T udkapmarmif udkAaqGav; udkwifat; udkrif;odrf; udkeE´ udkombef;

(tdk;a0t,f'Dwm) (wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;) (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) (Ouú|) ('k-Ouú|) (aiGxdef;) (oufomacsmifcsda&;)
udkxGef;Munf udkrif;axG; udkvSMunf udkjrodef;
(EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;) (upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rI) (vlxkqufoG,fa&;) (pmMunfhwdkuf)
666 ygyD,m; em½dkif;em; OD;uHodef; udkbay: udkvSausmf
(taqmuftODxdef;) (pma&;BuD;) (½Hk;trIxrf;)
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1961 rS 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xkcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif
tcef; (24)

'Dru
kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1961 rS 1962)
(u) &efuek w
f uúov
kd af usmif;om;or*¾ trIaqmiftzGUJ (1961-62)
Ouú| udkAaqGav;
(c) uarmufurynma&;wdu
k yf JG
(c-1) jzpfay:vmyHk
1960 ckESpf ynmoifESpfwGif ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;u OD;aqmifí jrefrmwjynfvHk;rS ausmif;om;rsm;onf
uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyGJBuD;udk t½Sdefjyif;pGm qifETJcJhMuayonf/ vGwfvyfa&; (14) ESpf umvwGif
ynmoifESpfwck qef;vmwdkif; wdkif;jynf\ taxGaxGynma&;tusyftwnf;rSm ydkíBuD;rm;vmcJhonf/ ausmif;oHk;
pmtkyfrsm; aps;BuD;jcif;? aep&mausmif; r½Sdjcif;? oifay;rnfh ausmif;q&m r½Sdjcif;? ausmif;p&dwf rvHkavmufjcif;?
&mcdkifEIef; (90) ausmf us½HI;onfh atmifpm&if;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&jcif;? pmar;yGJusonfhtwGuf ausmif;xkwfcH&jcif;?
tvkyfvufrJhb0a&mufjcif; jyóemrsKd;pHk awGUMuHKae&onf/ jyóemrsm; twdkiftqBuD;rm; us,fajymvmNyD;wdkif;
vlaerIpepfESifh ,aeYynma&;pepf\ tHacsmfaeonfudk jyoayonf/ yxptpdk;& vufxufwGif wuúodkvf0ifESifh
ausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ cGJjcm;onfhpepf? wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk twif;tusyf jyefvnfusifhoHk;vmonf/ (2) cgusausmif;
om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; ausmif;rSxkwfypfjcif; jyóemrsm; &ifqdkifvm&onf/
1961 ck? azazmf0g&DvwGif ppfaq;NyD; ZGev
f wGif xkwjf yefvu kd o
f nfh wuúov
kd 0f ifEiS hf wef;jrifah usmif;xGuf
atmifpm&if;rsm; xGufvmaomtcg rajzolatmifaompm&if;? rajzonfhbmom *kPfxl;xGufonfh atmifpm&if;?
uarmufuratmifpm&if; jzpfvmonf/ xdktcg rajzolatmifNyD; rdrdwdkYusaeonfhtjzpfudk ausmif;om;rsm; &ifqdkif&
aomtcg uarmufurynma&;pepf'Pf cHpm;&csuf? wdkif;jynf\ vlaerIpD;yGm;a&;pepfESifh rudkufnDaom ynma&;
uarmufurjzpfrI? (2) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf wef;cGJwef;cspepfwdkYaMumihf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; aygufuGJ
667
vmonf/ uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;awmif;qdkcsufudk wcJeufa<u;aMumf awmif;qdkvmayonf/
(c-2) vIyf½Sm;rI
ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGUJ csKyfu wjynfv;kH rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ epfemcsufukd qkyu f ikd í
f
OD;aqmif wdkufyGJ0ifavonf/ 26? 6? 61 &ufaeY wGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;rsm; epfemcsufrsm;jzpfonfh
awmif;qdkcsuf (4) csufudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&odkY wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/
(1) wuúodkvf0ifESifh wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf pmar;yGJ cGJjcm;ppfaq;jcif;jzpfonfh wef;cGJwef;cs pepf&yfqdkif;
ay;&ef?
(2) ESpfcgus ausmif;xkwfpepf rusifhoHk;&ef?
(3) wuúov kd 0f ifEiS hf wef;jrifah usmif;xGuf pmar;yGaJ tmifpm&if;rsm; uarmufurjzpfraI Mumifh tajzvTmrsm;?
trSwfpm&if;rsm; jyefvnfppfaq;NyD; pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; xyfrHxkwfay;&ef? xdkYodkYjzpfrIrsm;? csKdU,Gif;
csufrsm; rjzpfay:a&;ESifh wm0ef½Sdolrsm;tm; ta&;,la&;twGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Sif
wckzGJUí pHkprf;ay;&ef?
(4) vuf½Sdynma&;pepfonf udkvdkeDynma&;udk zmax;onfh vlaerIpepfESifh rudkufnDbJ uarmufur
jzpfaeonf/ xdkuarmufur ynma&;udk zsufodrf;í ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;/ trsKd;om;ynma&;
wnfaqmufa&;twGuf trsKd;om;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;wckukd Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u BuD;rSL;í tjref
qHk;usif;y&ef/
þawmif;qdkcsuf (4) csufudk wjynfvHk;rSm ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrdbrsm;onf wcJeufaxmufcHí
wdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuayonf/
30? 6? 61 aeYwGif &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS OD;aqmifí &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾
cef;rwGif ausmif;aygif;pHk pnf;a0;yGBJ uD;jyKvkyu f m awmif;qdck suBf uD; (4) csuu
f kd wcJeuf awmif;qdck \
hJ / jrefrmjynftESYH
ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJrsm; qufwdkufjzpfay:vm\/ 14? 7? 61 wGif rEÅav;c½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS OD;pD;í
ausmif;om;xk (3000) ausmfwufa&mufaom ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJBuD; vkyfavonf/ 21? 7? 61 aeYwGif Auo
tzGJUcsKyfrS OD;aqmifí wjynfvHk;twdkif;twmESifh uarmufurynma&;wdkufyGJ yg0ifMuonf/ &efukefNrdKUwGif ausmif;
om;xk waomif;ausmf yg0ifqE´jyMu\/ wjynfvHk;tESHYtjym; wdkufyGJ0ifMuavonf/ &cdkif? ½Srf;? weoFm&D? jrpf0
uRef;ay:? ajrvwf? csif;wGif;? ucsifjynfe,ftESHYtjym;ü qE´jyyGJrsm;? a&arQmyGJrsm;? rD;wkwfudkifqE´jyyGJrsm;? uarmuf
urynma&; tavmif;aumifrD;½IdUyGJrsm;jzifh yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd; wdkufyGJ0ifcJhav\/ a&eHajra'orS ausmif;q&mr wOD;onf
ausmif;om;rsm;\wdkufyGJwGif udk,fwdkifyg0if qifETJcJhonf/
(c-3) yxptpdk;&wkefhjyefrI? ausmif;om;wefjyefvIyf&Sm;rI

þodkY ausmif;om;rsm;u uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;&ef tHk<uawmif;qdkaecsdefwGif yxp ynma&;
0efBuD; OD;{armifonf 0efBuD;csKyf\ owif;uGefz&ifhrsm;wGifvnf;aumif;? owif;axmufrsm;ESifh awGUqHk&mwGifvnf;
aumif;? ]uarmufurawmU rjzpfygbl;} ]enf;enf;yg;yg;yg} ]tusyfudkifvQif aemufqufwGJatmifpm&if; rxkwfay;}
[k ausmif;om;xkudk Ncdrf;ajcmufavonf/
13? 6? 61 ESifh 30? 7? 61 &ufrsm;wGif ynma&;0efBuD;onf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmifrsm;ESifh (2)
BudrfawGUqHkí ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsuf (4) csufudk wifjy awmif;qdkcJhavonf/ yxrtBudrf awGUqHkpOfu
ausmif;om;rsm;\ wifjyawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tpdk;&tzGJUodkY wifjypOfpm;ygrnf[k jyefMum;avonf/ 'kwd,tBudrf
awGUqHkaomtcg atmufygtwdkif; wm0efrJhjyefMum;cJhavonf/
Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf wzufuwifjyawmif;qdk&if; wzufu xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tav;teufjzpf
ap&ef ausmif;om;xkqEúdk ydkrdkay;&efvdkjcif;? awmif;qdkcsuf w&m;rQw rSefuefaMumif; rdbjynfolrsm;tm; wm0efcH
odMum;apvdkjcif;rsm;aMumifh Zlvdkifv (21) &ufaeYwGif ydkrkdBuD;rm;aom twdkif;twm½Sdonfh uarmufurynma&;
wdkufyGJBuD;udk NrdKUawmfcef;ra½SUwGif &efukefc½dkif ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJBuD;udk rjyKvkyfrD ydkpwmwdkufyGJw&yfudk vIHYaqmf
pnf;½Hk;cJhonf/ e,frsm;wGifvnf; wjynfvHk; wajy;nDwnf; jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ xdkwdkufyGJwGif ArmwjynfvHk;qdkif&m
tvGwfynmoif ausmif;q&mrsm;toif;csKyfESifh aqG;aEG;n§dEdIif;cJhNyD; q&mtoif; axmufcHrI&cJhavonf/
yxrtpdk;&ynma&;0efBuD;\ jyefMum;csufrSm-
668
1/ pmar;yGJatmifpm&ifrsm; uarmufurjzpfonfqdkaom ausmif;om;pGyfpGJcsufudk twdtusodom&ef

ynma&;rif;BuD;a[mif; (3) OD; yg0ifaom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDzGJUí tpdk;&u pHkprf;rnf/ xdktzGJU\tMuH
ay;csuftwdkif; tpdk;&u aqmif½Gufrnf/
2/ ESpcf gusausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyefxm;a&;rSm ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;q&mrvHak vmufí tpd;k &u
vufrcHEdkif/
3/ wdkif;jynf\ynma&; ydkrdkjrifhrm;vmap&eftwGuf vdktyfojzifh wef;cGJwef;cspepf y,fzsufay;&ef awmif;
qdkonfudk tpdk;&u rvdkufavsmEdkif/
4/ ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJudk ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfr½Sif\ tpD&ifcHpmudkrlwnfí usif;yay;rnf/
tpd;k &jyefMum;csufrsm;udk AuotzGUJ csKyfonf ynma&;0efBuD;a½SUwGiyf if wxdik w f nf; uefYuu G cf ahJ yonf/
uarmufurjzpfrI rSe?f rrSef ynma&;rif;BuD;a[mif; (3) OD;yg0ifaom aumfrwDzUJG í pHpk rf;ay;rnf[k ajymMum;jcif;onf
uarmufurjzpfru I kd pHpk rf;&efrvd?k bmaMumifh uarmufurjzpf&onf rnforl sm;wGio f m wm0ef½o dS nfuo kd m pHpk rf;a&;
aumfr½SifzGJUí tpdk;&u pHkprf;oifhonf/
ESpcf gusausmif;xkwpf epf rusifo h ;kH &efEiS yhf wfoufí ynma&;0efBuD; jyefMum;csufrmS rsm;pGmwm0efrv hJ \
S /
ausmif;aecsifol ynmoifcsifolrsm;udk tajctaejynfhpHkatmif zefwD;ay;&rnf jzpfayonf/ ausmif;q&m? ausmif;
taqmuftOD rvHkavmuf[laom taMumif;jycsufjzifh ausmif;pmoifcef;rS uefxkwfrIrSm rsm;pGmwm0efrJhvSaom
jyKrlcsufjzpfonf/ ajzqdkaom ausmif;om; (100) wGif (90) usqHk;aecsdef? ESpfcgus ausmif;om;jzpfoGm;&ef rsm;pGm
vG,fulayonf/
wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk ynma&;tqifhtwef;jrifh&ef aqmif½Guf&ygonf[k ajymqdkjcif;rSmvnf; toHaumif;
[pfaom jyefMum;csuo f m jzpfayonf/ ynma&;udk tajccHusus jyKjyifajymif;vJNyD; vlaerIpepf wd;k wufjzpfay:csuEf iS hf
udu k n f aD tmifjyKvkyrf o S m ynma&;tqift h wef; jrifrh m;vmEdik af yrnf/ ynma&;&efyakH iG? ausmif;taqmuftOD? q&m?
y&dabm* jynfhpHkatmifvkyfrSom ynma&;tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vmrnf/
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJESifh ywfoufívnf; vkyfay;rnf[k jyefMum;aomfvnf; wdusa&&mrIr½Sd? tmCmwuif;½Hk
vkyfay;onfh oabmqefonf/ ]]rif;wdkh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ vkyfay;ygqdkvdkhom vkyfay;wm? igawmU ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ r,Hk
bl;? vlpkpum;ajymwmyJ}} [k wm0efrJhpGm ynma&;0efBuD;u ajymqdkavonf/
30? 7? 61 wGif ausmif;om;rsm; owif;pm½Sif;vif;yGJwck jyKvkyfNyD; tpdk;&jyefMum;csuf rrSefuefaMumif;?
wdkif;jynftxGwftxdyfjzpfonfh ygvDreftm; qE´jyrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymMum;í Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfu OD;aqmifí
jyifqifcJhavonf/
3? 8? 61 wGif &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;xk qE´jyyGJjzifh jyif;jyif;xefxef uefYuGufcJhonf/ xdkoabmxm;
rsm;udk pGJudkifí Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ESifh
yl;aygif;aqG;aEG;um or*¾BuD; (3) ckyg0ifaom ]ynma&;epfemcsuf ygvDrefqE´jyyGJaumfrwD} udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
pnf;½Hk;rIabmifESifh wdkufyGJabmifcsJUonfh oabmjzpfonf/
1961 ck? Mo*kwv f (24) &ufaeYwiG f vTwaf wmfukd 0dik ;f í qE´jy&ef Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfu qH;k jzwfavonf/
Mo*kwfv (15) &ufaeYwGif vTwfawmfygvDrefpaomtcg rEÅav;c½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS OD;aqmifí em&D (60)
tpmiwfcH qE´jyyGJBuD;udk usKH;axmifhwGif usif;yvdkufonf/ þqE´jyyGJonf wjynfvHk;odkY *,uf½dkufoGm;avonf/
Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf wjynfvHk;½Sd or*¾rsm;tm; rdrdwdkYa'otoD;oD;½Sd vTwfawmftrwfrsm;xHrS vTwfawmftwGif;
0,f ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdck sufrsm;tm; wifjyawmif;qdak y;a&;twGuf uwdawmif;cHyrJG sm; usif;y&ef ñTeMf um;
avonf/ wjynfvHk;rS ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;\ qEúwdawmif;cHyGJrsm; usif;yMuonf/ tcsKdU yxp trwfrsm;onf
ausmif;om;rsm;udk a½SmifNyD; &efukefodkY ajy;Mu\/ tcsKdUyxpESifh zqyvtrwfrsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdk
csufrsm;udk awmif;qdkay;ygrnf[k uwdjyKMu\/
xdkygvDrefwGif tpdk;&u Ak'¨bmomudk EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpf jy|mef;&ef wifoGif;avonf/ xdkygvDref
tpnf;ta0;onf uarmufurynma&;? EdkifiHawmfbmomESifh bwf*sufvTwfawmf jzpfvmonf/ tpdk;&onf EdkifiH
awmfbmom jyóemudk a½SUwef;odkY wifav\/ wdkif;jynf tajctaerSmvnf; ygvDrefwGif wifoGif;rnfh EdkifiHawmf
bmomjy|mef;a&;udk pdw0f ifpm;vmMuonf/ yxptpd;k &onf xdt k ajctaeudk taMumif;jyNyD; ausmif;om;qE´jyyGu J kd
ausmif;om;xk\ w&m;rQwaom 'Drdkua&pDvIyf½Sm;rIrsm;udk csKd;ESdrf&ef jyifqifvmonf/ ygvDrefusif;y&m twGif;0ef
½H;k udk e,frjS yLapmxD; wjzpfvJ t&H&rJ sm; tjrefqifah c:NyD; &Jtiftm; (5000)? tcsKyfum;? oHcsyfumum; txyfxyf0ikd ;f
669
&Hum jynfolESifh ausmif;om;xkudk Ncdrf;ajcmufcJhonf/ yxptpdk;&onf EdkifiHawmfbmom ta&jcHKí 'Drdkua&pDudk

zsufqD;avonf/ vTwfawmfESifh udkuf (100) twGif; qE´jyjcif; rjyK&[laom wcsufvTwftrdefYudk xkwfavonf/
oHCmawmfrsm;onf Edik if aH wmfbmomjy|mef;onfh ygvDrefukd ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jyyGaJ Mumifh rxdcu kd af pcsi/f xdYk aMumifh
trsKd;rsKd; arwåm&yfcHMuonf/ rdbjynfolrsm;onf ½dk;&mtpOfvmtm;jzifh Ak'¨bmomouf0if ,HkMunfMuolrsm;
jzpfay&m Edik if aH wmfomoemjyKvkyif ef;wGif pdww
f rd ;f ñGwMf uavonf/ tpd;k &uvnf; tpd;k &tmPmudk tpGr;f ukeo f ;kH í
vIHYaqmfonf/ wcsdefwnf;rSmyif jynfolrsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jyvQif xdcdkufaoausrnf pdk;&drfavonf/ q&m
BuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;uvnf; aemufxyf atmifausmfawG jzpfaeOD;rSm pdk;&drfaMumif; NiD;½Smavonf/ owif;rsm;u
vnf; ausmif;om;qE´rjyMu&ef arwåm&yfcHavonf/
ygvDrefqE´jyaumfrwDonf aemufq;kH wGif tm;vH;k aom arwåm&yfccH surf sm;ESihf rdbrsm;\ pdwcf sr;f oma&;udk
a½SU½Ií yHkpHajymif;vdkuf&onf/
(c-4) yHkpHajymif;vJjcif;
ygvDref qE´jyaumfrwDonf þyHkpHajymif;vJjcif;ESifh ywfoufí aumfrwDtwGif;0,f jyif;xefpGm aqG;aEG;
cJhMuonf/ ¤if;aumfrwDu zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI uefYuGufa&;? uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;? ausmif;om;xk qE´
jyyGJudk 24? 8? 61 wGif wuocef;rü jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ ausmif;om;xk\ yg0iftm;rSm avsmhenf;oGm;avonf/
ausmif;om;xk Ncdrf;ajcmufcH&jcif;? vIyf½Sm;Edkifonfh &Jabmf (au'g) rsm; avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;? tcsdef½kwfw&ufajymif;
vJpDpOf&jcif;twGuf vIHYaqmfrItwdkif;twmrSmvnf; enf;oGm;onf/ toHcsJUpufoHk;cGifhrSpí rsm;pGmzdESdyfjcif;cHcJh&
ayonf/
ygvDrefqE´jyaumfrwDonf ygvDrefqE´jya&; oabmxm;udk ausmif;xdkifq&mawmfrsm;tzGJUcsKyftm; 22?
8? 61 aeYwGif avQmufxm;cJhayonf/ q&mawmfrsm;rSvnf; ausmif;om;wdkY\ wdkufyGJrSefuefaMumif;? ulnDrnfjzpf
aMumif; rdefYMum;cJhayonf/
uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&;ESifh ywfoufí ygvDrefqE´jya&;tpDtpOfESifh ywfoufí tzGJUcsKyfu
csrSwx f m;aom oabmxm;rSm tajctaeay:wGif rlwnfjcif;jzpfaomaMumifh rSeu f efonf[k ,HMk unfonf/ vkyef nf;
vkyf[efrsm;ESifh ywfoufí csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;? rnDñGwfrIrsm;½Sdrnfjzpfaomfvnf; oabmxm; taejzifhum; rSm;,Gif;rI
r½SdaMumif; vufawGUtawGUtMuHKt& xif½Sm;ayonf/
ynma&;rif;BuD;a[mif; (3) OD;yg0ifaom uarmufuratmifpm&if; pHpk rf;a&;aumfrwDu uarmufurjzpfrI
rsm;twGuf pHpk rf;rIrsm; jyKvkyo
f nf[q k o
kd nf/ Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfukd vma&mufawGUqH&k ef ac:qdo k nf/ Auorsm;tzGUJ
csKyfrS oGm;a&mufrawGUacs/ ]]pmar;yGaJ tmifpm&if; uarmufurjzpfonfrmS wdik ;f odjynfojd zpfonf/ xdahk Mumifh pHpk rf;&ef
rvdk}} [laom oabmxm;ay;ydkYcJhonf/ pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpm xGufvmaomtcg cyfzHk;zHk;tpD&ifcHcsufom
jzpfonfudk awGU½Sd&ayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh þtpD&ifcHpmudk tHMojcif;r½SdvSay/ aemufqHk; tpdk;&\aemuf
qufwJG atmifpm&if;rsm; xkwaf y;awmhrnf[k cdik rf maomowif;rsm; xGuv f mavonf/ þowif;tay: ausmif;om;
rsm;\ cdkifrmvSaom ,HkMunfcsufum; qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifawmif;qdk&ef vdktyfonf[k oabmaygufMuavonf/
10? 9? 61 &ufaeYwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? &efukefc½dkifausmif;
om;rsm;or*¾wdkY yl;wGJí ausmif;om; (52) a,mufyg0ifaom em&D (50) tpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJBuD;udk &efukefNrdKU ql;av
bk&m;vrf;axmifhESifh taemf&xmvrf;axmifhwGif jyKvkyfavonf/ vlxk\axmufcHtm;ay;rI rsm;pGm&½SdcJhonf/ tpm
iwfcH ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdk;xJavxJ0ifvmí tm;ay;Muonf/ vlxkBuD;uvnf; rdk;xJavxJrSmyif vmítm;ay;
Muonf/ tpmiwfcpH Of oH;k pG&J efaq;0g;rsm; awmify&kH myHk jzpfaeayonf/ Nidr;f csr;f a&;zcifBuD; q&mBuD;ocifu, kd af wmf
rIdif;u &ifxkremjzifh tpmiwfcHausmif;om;rsm;xH arwåmo0PfvTm ay;ydkYcJhavonf/
yxptpd;k &onf ausmif;om;trsm;pk\ qEúkd qefYusifvsufyif½\ dS / ynma&;0efBuD; a'gufwm{armifu
]tpdk;&rSm &efolrsKd; (6) yg; 0dkif;wdkufaew,f} [kajymqdkNyD; ]ausmif;om;rsm;tm; &efoleHygwf (1)} wGifxm;í ajym
qdkavonf/
uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyGJonf tqufrjywf t½Sdef½SdcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh &[ef;oHCm
awmfrsm;ESifh vlxk\ axmufcHrIjynfh0pGm &½SdcJhayonf/ vTwfawmftrwfrsm;yif vTwfawmftwGif;ü ausmif;om;rsm;
wifjycsuu f kd tav;ay; ajymqdv k mcJoh nf/ awmif;qdck suf (4) csutf euf tpd;k &onf wpdww f a'oudk vdu
k af vsmrnf
[k uwday;vmonf/
670
(c-5) uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&; wdkufyGJumvwGifusif;yaom Auorsm;tzJGYcsKyfuGefz&ifU

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&muGefz&ifU
(1961 ck? pufwifbmv 30 &ufrS atmufwdkbmv 4 &ufaehtxd)
Edik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHBuD;udk wjynfv;kH ½Sw d o hJ r*¾rsm;rS ausmif;om;ud, k pf mvS,af ygif; (243) OD; wufa&muf
onf/ nDvmcHBuD;rS 'Dru kd a&pDa&;? Nidr;f csrf;a&;? trsKd;om;ynma&; wnfaqmufa&;? uarmufurynma&; zsuford ;f
a&; a½SUvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk qHk;jzwfjy|mef;vdkufonf/ yxptpdk;&\ 'Drdkua&pDcsKd;azmufrIESifh ausmif;om;qEÉSifh
qefYusipf mG jyKrlrrI sm;udk nDvmcHu jyif;xefpmG ½Iwcf svu kd o
f nf/ pkpnf;nDñwG pf mG wdu k yf 0JG ifomG ;&eftwGuf wdu
k yf yJG pkH u
H kd
atmufygtwdkif; csrSwfvdkufonf/
(1) a&wdkwdkufyGJ
(2) a&&SnfwdkufyGJ
a&wdkwdkufyGJ
uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;twGuf ,ckESpfydkif; tBuD;rm;qHk;? tiftm;taumif;qHk;? wefzdk;t½SdqHk;?
txufjrufqHk; wdkufyGJBuD;wckudk zefwD;um oufqdkif&mwm0ef½SdolwdkYtm; awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0if&ef vdkayonf/ þ
xufjruftm;aumif;aom wdkufyGJBuD; w&yfqifETJEdkifa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mor*¾rsm;onf ausmif;om;xktwGif;ü
ynma&;oabmxm;rsm; em;vnfoabmayguf jrifodonfhtwdkif; pnf;½Hk;aqG;aEG;Mu&rnf/ igwdkYESifh rqdkif[laom
oabmxm; ausmif;om;twGif;0,f r½Sdatmif BudK;yrf;½Sif;vif;wifjyum ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; 'ifjynfhtm;jynfh
yg0ifaom wdkufyGJyHkpHwckudk a½G;cs,fvIyf½Sm;Mu&rnf/ þwdkufyGJwGif 'Drdkua&pDcsKyfcs,frI uefYuGufa&;? uarmufur
ynma&; zsufodrf;a&;wdkYudk OD;wnfMu&rnf/
a&½SnfwdkufyGJ
a&½SnfwdkufyGJ[lonf igwdkYausmif;om;rsm;u qGJac:aom wdkufyGJr[kwf oufqdkif&mwm0ef½Sdol tpdk;&\
oabmxm;ay:wGif wnfonf/ igwdYk \ uarmufurynma&; zsuford ;f a&;onf rSeu f efonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yf
vHk;uvnf; tm;½SdpGmaxmufcHonf/ &[ef;½Sifvljynfol w&yfvHk;uvnf; taustvnfoabmayguf odjrifum
þwdu k yf u
JG kd axmufco
H nf/ Edik if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;uyif igwdYk\wduk yf u
JG kd axmufcv
H mMuonf/ odYkaomf oufqikd &f m
tpd;k &u oabmxm; wif;rmvGe;f onft h ay:wGiu f m; igwdYk \ uarmufurynma&;wdu k yf rJG mS a&½Snw
f u
kd yf t
JG oGio
f Ykd
a&mufEdkifonf/ a&½SnfwdkufyGJonf ausmif;om;xkvIyf½Sm;rIomru oabmw&m;a&;&m wdkufyGJvnf;yg0ifonf/
or*¾ &Jabmfrsm;onf ,aeY ynma&;rwnfNidrfrIudk ausmif;om;xk? jynfol? &[ef;ESifh vlwef;pm;rsm;xH csOf;uyfum
uarmufurynma&;
zsuo f rd ;f a&;wduk yf uJG mvtwGi;f
Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy
ac:qu kd si;f yaom Auorsm;tzGcYJ sKyf

Ekid if v
H ;kH qdik &f muGezf &ifu
U kd 1961 ck?
pufwifbm 30 rS atmufwdkbm 1-2-
3-4 aehrsm;wGif usi;f ycJo U nf
671
axmufcHrI&atmif aqG;aEG;&rnf/ jzefYcsdwifjyEdkif&rnf/ tpdk;&\ ynma&;oabmxm; rrSefrI? wdusrSefuefaom

ynma&;pepfrJhrI? wnfNidrfajzmihfrwfaom oabmxm;r½SdrIESifhwuG ynma&;uarmufurjzpfrIrsm;udk wifjypnf;½Hk;
Mu&rnf/ wqufwnf;rSmyif ynmoifMum;rItajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wifjy
awmif;qdkMu&rnf/ ynmoifMum;a&;tajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;ESifh ynma&;jyKjyifajymifvJa&;twGuf jynf
axmifpktwGif;½Sd vlxkvlwef;pm;? vlxkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? woD;yk*v ¾ rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; aygif;pHk
yg0ifaom trsKd;om;ynma&; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yfudk usif;yum ,aeYwdkif;jynfpD;yGm;a&; vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ta&;ESifh
wdkif;jynfxlaxmifa&;twGuf vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDaom oabmxm;udkvnf; igwdkYausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;
em;vnfMu&rnfom jzpfayonf/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; r&½SdbJ? jynfwGif;trsKd;om;pD;yGm; wnfaqmufrIr&Edkif/
wqufwnf;rSmyif ausmif;om;wdkY\ b0tajctaeESifh ynmoifMum;rI tajctaerSmvnf; wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;vmrnf
r[kwfay/ þtcsufudkvnf; tav;teufxm;um þuarmufurynma&;wdkufyGJESifh qufpyfazmfxkwf oGm;&rnf
jzpfayonf/
tm;aumif;aom ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJrsm;udk qufvufpnf;½Hk; vkyfudkif&efjzpfNyD; wdkufyGJvkyfief;pOf w&yf
tjzpf &efukef? [Hom0wD? yJcl;? om,m0wD? tif;pdefc½dkifwdkY yg0ifaom (5) c½dkif ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJBuD;udk
&efukefNrdKUwGif jyKvkyf&ef nDvmcHwGif wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
nDvmcHusif;yaepOftwGif; aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; xGufvmonf/ aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJ
atmifpm&if;xGuv f maomcg ausmif;om;rsm; tm;wuf0rf;ajrmufMu\? tcsKdUuauseyfMu\/ tqufrjywf awmif;
qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJhaom tcsuf (1) ckom &½SdNyD; usef (3) csuf usefaeonf/
(c-6) ig;c½dkifqE´jyyGJ
&efukef? tif;pdef? [Hom0wD? yJcl;? om,m0wDwdkYrS ausmif;om;xkyg0ifaom (5) c½dkif ausmif;om;xk
qE´jyyGJBuD;udk Edk0ifbmv (14) &ufaeY uefawmfrifyef;jcHü usif;yonf/ qE´jyyGJrwdkifrDtwGif; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf
onf pnf;½Hk;a&;wm0efcH trIaqmifrsm;onf (5) c½dkifa'orsm;odkY jzefYqif;um cufcJBuD;pGm jyifqif&avonf/
aiGaMu;cufcJrI jyóemrsm;? yxptpdk;&\ ydwfyifwm;qD;rIrsm;? Ncdrf;acsmufrIrsm; &ifqdkifí jyifqif&av\/
ynma&;0efBuD; a'gufwm{armifonf yJcl;odkYa&mufvmNyD; (5) c½dkifqE´jyyGJwGif yJcl;tpdk;&ausmif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;
ryg0ifap&ef q&mrsm;u jyKvkyf&rnf[k ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;rsm;odkY trdefYay;avonf/ &efukef &Jrif;BuD;rSmvnf;
uefawmfrifyef;jcHwGif qE´jycGifhudk ray;bJxm;avonf/ tcsdefeD;uyfrS qE´jycGifhjyKonf/ om,m0wDc½dkifrS ausmif;
om;rsm;onf um;iSm;r&í &xm;jzifhcsDwufMu&\/ rdk;ndKrSausmif;om;rsm;vnf; um;r½Sdí (10) rdkifc&D;udk vrf;
avQmufNyD; rif;vSodkY vm&\/ yJcl;rS ausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;\ ydwfyifrIudk qE´jyqefYusifNyD;
qE´jyyGJodkY csDwufvmMu&avonf/ qE´jyyGJwGif ausmif;om;aygif; (4000) cefYyg0ifavonf/ &efukefwNrdKUvkH;odkY
(10) rdkifausmfcefY c&D;½SnfcsDwufNyD; qE´jyMu\/ jynfolvlxk\axmufcHrI wcJeuf&½Sdonf/ vli,f? trsKd;orD;
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS c&D;½SnfcsDwufqE´jyyGJ vrf;c&D;wavQmufwGif a&rsm;? tazsmfrsm; qD;BudKwdkufauR; avonf/
NrdKUvlxku xrif;xkyfrsm;ay;í ulnDavonf/ xrif;xkyfxJwGif aiGrsm;? aq;vdyfbl;rsm;? axmufcHtm;ay;pmrsm;
xnfhoGif;í ay;Muavonf/
jynfov l x
l \
k qE´tavsmuf jzpfay:vmrIukd tpd;k &taeeJU rSeu f efat;csr;f pGm ajz½Si;f &rnfth pm; 'Dru
kd a&pD
qefYusifaom tMurf;zufenf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKcJhonf/ &JtzGJUudk wkwfay;í rauseyfí aoewfxkwfay;&mrS ,cktcg
oHcsyfumum;awG wyfqifNyD;aMumif; ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;zGJUcsKyf Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef;u zdESdyf
csKyfcs,frI uefYuGufa&;ESifh uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&; (5) c½dkif ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJwGif ajymMum;oGm;\/
¤if;qE´jyyGw J iG f (5) c½dik rf S ausmif;om; (2000) ausmf wufa&mufMu\/ udck ifarmiftek ;f u qufvufajymMum;&mwGif
1961 ckESpftwGif; vlxkqE´jyyGJrSm yxp 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&aMumifh vl (3) a,muf aocJh&NyD;jzpfonf/ azazmf0g&Dv
(21) &ufaeY e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;qE´jyyGJwGif (2) a,mufESifh Edk0ifbm (10) &ufaeY Zmwf½Hka½SUqE´jyyGJwGif (1)
a,muf aocJhonf/ 'DtjyKtrlawG qufvufusifhoHk;ae&if yxptpdk;&[m ykvdyftpdk;& jzpfvmrnfjzpfaMumif;/
yxptpd;k &[m ykvyd jf yóem aomif;ajcmufaxmifukd tcGit hf a&;,lNyD; e,fcsJUvkyMf uHrEI iS hf ppftmPm½Sit
f EÅ&m,fawG
udk pdk;&drf&aMumif;? owif;pmtm;vHk;u tpdk;&&JU 'Drdkua&pDqefYusifaom Oya'zsufodrf;&ef ta&;qdkvmaMumif;?
owif;pm? ausmif;om;? &[ef;? ukefonf? trIxrf;awGudk &efoltjzpf aMunmvmwJh tpdk;&[mb,folrS udk,fpm;jyK
Edkifrnf r[kwfaMumif;? ausmif;om;xk&JU rSefuefwJhawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk atmifjrifonftxd wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;rnfjzpf
672
(tay:)
21? 2? 1961
&efuek cf ½kid af usmif;om;rsm;o*¾rS
Bu;D rI;usi;f yaom
uarmufurynma&;zsuo f rd ;f a&;
ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJ
(tv,f)
1961 ck? pufwifbmv
(10-11-12) &ufaehrsm;wGif Auo?
wuo? &uowdkhrS
Bu;D rSL;usi;f yaom
uarmufurynma&;zsuo f rd ;f a&;
em&D (50) tpmiwfcq H E´jyyGJ
(atmuf)
(5) c½kid af usmif;om;rsm;
uarmufurynma&;pepftm;
c&D;½Sncf swD ufqE´jy uefu h u
G pf Of
r[mAE¨Kvvrf;axmifüU awGY jrif&yHk
673
aMumif; ajymMum;oGm;onf/ [Hom0wDc½kid f ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,f udxk ifausmf? &efuek cf ½dik v

f ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;
or*¾ udk,fpm;vS,f udkzdk;xif? yJcl;c½dkifausmif;om;or*¾ udk,fpm;vS,f udkaZmfjrifh? om,m0wDc½kdif ausmif;om;
or*¾udk,fpm;vS,f udkxGef;½SdefwdkY toD;oD; rdefYcGef;ajymMum;Mu\/
wef;cGJwef;cspepf &yfqdkif;ypfa&;? ESpfcgusausmif;xkwfpepf rusifhoHk;a&;? ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifh
oHk;a&;? trsKd;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;ya&;? vlxkvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk tMurf;zufajz½Sif;aeaom yxptpdk;
tm; ½IwfcsaMumif;? rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS zrf;xm;aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; vTwfay;a&;ESifh 0&rf;½kyfodrf;a&;?
ausmif;om;or*¾ w&m;0ifzGJUpnf;cGifh ay;a&;? owif;pmrsm;\ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;wdkufyGJtm; axmufcHaMumif;?
jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk aphpyfaqG;aEG;í wnfaqmuf&ef tqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;qHk;jzwfMu\/
ausmif;om;xkonf pepfwuswef;pDxm;NyD; uefawmfrifyef;jcHrSxGufum a½Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;rS NrdKUwGif;odkY
c&D;½Snf csDwufvSnfhvnf qE´jyMu\/ a½Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;rS AdkvfcsKyfvrf;? Adkvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;? r[mAE¨Kvvrf;?
armfwifusKHBuD;vrf;? qlavbk&m;vrf;wdkYrS tpOfvdkuf wef;pDvSnfhvnfvmNyD; NrdKUawmfcef;ra½SU r[mAE¨Kvvrf;
ay:wGif pk½Hk;í tcrf;tem; ½kyfodrf;vdkuf\/ c&D;½SnfcsDwuf&mwGif usKH;BuD;vrf;ESifh (13) vrf;xdyf ta&mufwGif
&efukefc½dkifrS udkrsKd;0if;? yJcl;c½dkifrS udkjr0if;wdkY rl;arhoGm;í tif;pdefodkY ydkYvdkuf&onf/
(*) wuúov
kd t
f wGi;f rS *,ufrsm;
Edk0ifbmv (11) &uf wuúodkvfaumifpDtpnf;ta0;rS csrSwfcJhaom &efukefwuúodkvf jrefrmpmXmewGif
ygarmu©csKyf OD;{armiftm; jyefvnfcefYxm;&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/ xdkudpEö Sifhywfoufí jrefrmpmXme ygarmu©csKyf
tjzpf acwå0ifa&muf trIxrf;vsuf½adS om OD;0ef\bufawmfom;rsm;u qlyu l efYuuG í
f vIy½f mS ;rIjzpfatmif zefw;D Mu
onf/ OD;{armifESifh OD;0efjyóemwGif rludkab;csdwfNyD; wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;onf yk*¾dKvftmPmudk a½SUwef;odkY
xkwfcJhonf/ OD;0efbufrS wyfOD;uacgif;aqmifí vdkufygvmavonf/ ygarmu©OD;0ef vufxufwGif udkbaumif;?
udk,k paomolrsm;udk jrefrmpmXmewGif uxdursm; cefYaomaMumifh wyfOD;rsm;u OD;0efudk aus;Zl;qyfonfhtaeESifh
qlyluefYuGufMuoavm[k xifjrifp&mrsm; jzpfvmonf/ ygarmu©OD;0ef vufxufwGif udkbaumif;? udk,kESifhwuG
tjcm;wyfOD;acgif;aqmif (7) OD;tm; ta&;ay:q&mrsm;tjzpf cefYxm;cJhavonf/
(C) rEåav;vIy&f mS ;rI

rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾rS OD;pD;í pepfopfudk qefYusifuefYuGufonfh qE´jyvSnhfvnfyGJudk
pufwifbmv (9) &ufaeY wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif usif;y\/ ausmif;om; (1000) cefY rD;wkwfrsm;jzifh pepfopfudk
qefYusifonfh a<u;aMumfoHrsm;jzifh a<u;aMumfíqE´jyvSnfhvnfNyD; rEÅav;wuúodkvf 'k-t"dywdOD;bpdefonf tdrf
wGif;½Sdüaomfvnf; tjyifodkYxGufrawGUbJ (2) em&DcefYMumrS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk xGufíawGU\/ qE´jy
ausmif;om;xk a½SUwGif 'k-t"dywdOD;bpdefu rEÅav;wuúodkvf qD;edwftpnf;ta0;udk rlvtcsdefxufapmí 13?
9? 61 aeYwGif ac:,laqG;aEG;ygrnf/ xdkqD;edwftpnf;ta0;wGif pepfopfudk jyefvnfpOf;pm; aqG;aEG;ygrnf[k
uwday;\/ odkYaomf wdusaomtajzr&í rwuorS ausmif;om; (300) cefYwdkYonf pmar;yGJpepfzsufodrf;a&;ESifh
ywfoufí pufwifbmv (14) &uf? nae (6) em&DwGif wuúodkvfe,fajrü qE´jyyGJudkqufvufjyKvkyf\/ xdkqE´
jyyGJodkY ausmif;om;rsm; tMurf;zufrnf[k aumvm[vowif;t& t"du½kPf;ESdrfESif;a&;um;rsm; tygt0if &Jum;
(4) pD;wdkY wuúodkvfe,fajrodkY a&muf½Sdvmonf/ n (8) em&DwGif 'k-t"dywdtdrf 0dkif;xm;aom wyfOD;ausmif;om;
rsm;tm; rsuf&nf,dkAHk; (5) vHk;ESifh aoewfrsm;ypfazmuf vlpkcGJ\/ ausmif;om; udkvSeD? udkodef;[ef? udkausmfoef;?
udk0if;armifwdkY 'Pf&mjyif;xefí aq;½HkwGif twGif;vlemtjzpf ukoxm;&\/
pufwifbmv (18) &ufwiG f rEÅav;wuúov kd f qD;edwEf iS ahf umifpD yl;wGt
J pnf;ta0;udk usi;f y&m ynma&;?
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ywd OD;bpdefonf tpnf;ta0;wuf&ef &Jtapmifhta½Smufrsm;jzifh ac:vm&\/ tpnf;ta0;wGif ynma&;0efBuD;u
ygarmu©csKyfrsm;? aumifpED iS hf qD;edwt
f zGUJ rsm;tm; pmar;yGpJ epfopfukd BudKufvQifBudKufw,f? rBudKufvQif rBudKufb;l [k
yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajymMuyg[k ajymMum;cJh&m ygarmu©tm;vHk;u xdkpepfjyKvkyfjcif;rSm aumif;aMumif;? uefYuGufp&m
r½SdaMumif;? pepfopfrSm usLwdk&D,,f (Test) jzpfNyD; atmifrSwf&&ef ay;xm;aMumif; ajymMum;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;
674
udk,fpm;vS,f OD;xGef;a0u pepfopfpmar;yGJpepfudk wESpfa½TUay;&ef awmif;qdkonf/ odkYaomf pmar;yGJpepfopfudk

pufwifbm (18) &ufwGifjyKvkyfrnf[k qHk;jzwfcJhMuonf/ tpnf;ta0;NyD;qHk;aomtcg wyfOD;twGif;a&;rSL;
udkatmifol? udkrif;ausmf? udkolawmfwdkY 0efBuD;ESifh 'k-t"dywdtcef;wGif vma&mufawGUqHkonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;
aqmifrsm;ESifhawGU&m wyfOD;acgif;aqmifrsm;u pufwifbm (14) &ufaeYu jzpfyGm;aomudprö Sm rdrdwdkY acgif;aqmifí
jyKvkyjf cif; r[kwaf Mumif; 0efBuD;tm; wifjyonf/ xdYk aemuf wyfO;D opfEiS hf tiftm;wdYk u 0efBuD;tm; 0ifawGUMuonf/
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh awGUtNyD; n (6) em&DwGif xGufvmaom 0efBuD;OD;{armiftm; ausmif;om;xku
0efBuD;tm; pepfopfzsufodrf;&efESifh 'k-t"dywdOD;bpdefudk jzKwfay;&ef ta&;qdkMu\/ 0efBuD;u ]'k-t"dywdeJhrdkh
ausmif;om;awG raowm? igvdkvlomqdk&if ausmif;om;awG aoukefNyD? &efukefrSmom 'Dvdkjzpf&if aoewfeJhypfcdkif;rSm}
[k ajymMum;vdkufonf/ pufwifbmv (15) &ufaeY nujzpfyGm;aom udpöESifhywfoufí 'k-t"dywd ODbpdefu
¤if;\tdrfudk cJESifhypfzsufqD;&mwGif acgif;aqmifonfh wyfOD;acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfaom udkpdk;0if;atmif? udkatmifol?
udkrif;ausmf? udkaomif;a½T? udkolatmif? udkbMunf? udkcifarmif0if;? udktkH;ausmfESifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS udkrsKd;jrifh
wdkY (9) OD;tm; ta&;,l&ef atmifawmfrl&JXmeodkY wdkifMum;\/ ausmif;om;acgifaqmif (9) OD;udk yk'fr (147)?
(149) jzifh ta&;,lxm;\/ ¤if; (9) OD;udkyif ta½SUydkif;&J0efaxmuf OD;apmpdefu &JwdkY\ tvkyfwm0ef0wå&m;
aESmifh,SufrIjzifh ta&;,l&efwdkifMum;í yk'fr (149)? (353) ESifh ta&;,lxm;\/
xdkESpf pepfopfpmar;yGJudk pufwifbmv (18) &ufaeYwGif pwifjyKvkyf&m vufeufudkif&Jrsm;udk pmar;
yGcJ ef;teD;wGif pmar;yGrJ prDuyif 0dik ;f 0ef;apmifMh uyfapavonf/ rEÅav;wuúov kd o
f Ykd a&muf½adS eaom 'k&cJ sKyf OD;bat;?
&Jrif;BuD; OD;b&DwdkY\nTefMum;csuft& wkwfudkif? 'dkif;udkif? vufeufudkif&Jrsm;udk BudKwifcsxm;\/ eHeufydkif;wGif
(1433) OD;teuf (906) OD; 0ifa&mufajzqdk&m 63.22%? naeydkif;wGif (683) OD;teuf (417) OD;0ifa&mufajzqdk&m
61.05% &SdcJhonf/ pmar;yGJrprD wyfOD;ausmif;om;tcsKdUu tzrf;cHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk oem;MuygOD;[k
a<u;aMumfcJhMuonf/ pmar;yGJpepfopf rajzolrsm;tm; ausmif;aqmifrsm;ü pufwifbmv (20) &ufaeYrSpí aexdkif
cGifh rjyKawmhay/
(i) wyfO;D wdhk rlrrSerf rI sm;

wyfO;D wdYk onf aemufyikd ;f wGif rlrrSeaf omvkyaf qmifrrI sm;udk jyKvkyv f mMuonf/ ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,f
a½G;yGJwGif oefY½Sif;rS 0ifa&mufta½G;cHaom OD;0if;ESifh OD;&m½SpfwdkYtm; EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;jzpfonf[k toHukef[pfum
Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;jzpfaom OD;wDy0D rf;ESihf OD;armifarmifausmf (yrnw) ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk rsupf rd w
Sd pf u
kH efí axmufcH
Muonf/ wuoonf ausmif;om;xktusKd;udk aqmif½Guf&ef zGJUpnf;xm;aom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/ þodkYjzifh
ausmif;om;ESihf wuúov kd t
f mPmydik f tpd;k &wdYk tMum; jyóemydrk sm;vmonf/ ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;\ wa,mufcef;ae
cGifhr&í? ESpfa,mufcef;aecGifh&&ef ausmif;aqmifwdkufyGJwGif ausmif;ol (700) cefYESifh ausmif;om; (500) cefY wyf
OD;\ tapmifhwdkufyGJwGif ajrZmyifjzpfaeonf[k tmPmydkifrsm;u pGyfpGJMuonf/
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k csdeaf usmif;aqmifwu kd yf w
JG iG f oxHak qmifrpS í wyfO;D wdYk BuD;pd;k cs,fv,
S of nfh ausmif;aqmifEiS hf o[m
,toif;tzGJUcsKyfrS xGufum tzGJUcsKyftm; tqufjzwfaMumif; aMunmí ra½SUraESmif;yif tjcm;taqmifrsm;u
vdkufxGufvmonf/ wyfOD;\ MoZmonf ausmif;om;avmuwGif wjznf;jznf;usqif; vmonf/ owif;pmrsm;u
vnf; wyfOD;\ae&mwGif tpm;xdk;Edkifaom tzGJUtpnf;ay:vm&ef a&;om;vmMuonf/
675
OD;AaqGav;
(1961-62)
bduk av;Zmwd jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;wyfO;D tzJUG 0ifwOD;jzpfonf/ 1959-60 wGif wuo aiGxed ;f
tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhonf/ 1959 ckwGif Oya'0dZ¨myxrESpf wufa&mufcGifh wuúodkvf½Hk;rS y,fzsufaMumif;
aMunmaomfvnf; ygarmu©csKyfudk,fwdkif rodvdkufaom jyKrlcsufaMumifh ygarmu©csKyfrS0efcHNyD; oludk,fwdkif
ausmif; jyef0ifcGifhay;cJhonf/ 1960-61 wGif wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§muf
cH&onf/ 1961-62 aemufq;kH wuo\ Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½u G cf o
hJ nf/
1962 Zlvdkif (7) &ufaeYwGif wuo tpnf;ta0;cef;rü aemufqHk; w&m;a[mcJhNyD; or*¾taqmufttHkudk

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vmonf/
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hf mojzifh ¤if;vIy½f mS ;rIukd
tav;xm;vkyaf qmif vmMuonf/ wuo? Auo? &uowdYku jynfoYlaumfrwDEiS hf ndE§ idI ;f í ajcmufc½dik Nf idr;f
csr;f a&; qE´jycsw
D ufyu GJ kd vHaI qmfco
hJ nf/ 1963 ck? Ed0k ifbmv (14) &ufaeYwiG f Nidr;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;yJG ysujf ym;NyD;
zrf;qD;rIrsm; pwifjyKvkyv f monf/ ¤if;aemuf ausmif;rsm;ydwv f u kd af Mumif; aMunmcJNh yD; ppfwyfrS wuúov kd f
twGi;f odYk 0ifa&mufp;D eif;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;tm; twif;tusyf tdrjf yefyYkdco hJ nf/ wuo ,m,Dwu J kd zsuq f ;D
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acgif;aqmifrsm; wdr;f a½SmifaeMuNyD; AuyodYk awmcdo k mG ;Muonf/ (or*¾pmpOf? twJ-G 1? trSwf (3)? Zlvikd v f
2005? qJAif;Zlvikd -f odrhk [kw-f ausmif;om;or*¾tpOftvmudak zsmufzsujf cif;? armifrkef;atmif)
1967 ckEpS f (yGiv

hf if;&moD) wGif {&m0wDwikd ;f ? iodik ;f acsmif;NrKUd e,f? anmifyifomESihf awmifMum;acsmif;½GmtMum;
cv& (36) ppfaMumif;udk jzwfawmufwu kd cf u
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k yf wGJ iG f usq;kH onf/ A[dw
k yfrv
S maom udAk aqGav;
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jzpfwJhtwGuf A[dkrSao'Pfay;NyD;om; jzpfwJhtwGuf ¤if;wdkufyJGwGif vkyfMuHowfjzwfcJhaMumif; 0efcHcJhonf/
(vufa&;rl- ud, k af wGY MuKH &olwOD; jyefvnfajymjycsuf - &JabmfcspfaxG;- A[dkuif;wyfzJGU- - 15^2^2007?
OD;ode;f 0if;)
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676
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ppftmPm&Sifpepfqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif
tcef; (25)

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f (7) &uf ta&;awmfyBkH u;D
(7) &uf Zlvdkifvta&;awmfyHkonf zufqpfqefaom zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&; vIyf½Sm;rIBuD; w&yfyifjzpfonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;wGif 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;aemufydkif; wcgrSray:aygufcJhbl;ao;aom &ufpufrIvnf; jzpfonf/ þ
ta&;awmfyHkwGif wdkif;jynf\ tem*wf om;aumif;&wemrsm;pGm a&wdrfepfcJh&onf/ &efukefwuúodkvf e,fajronf
&J&eJ aD om ausmif;om;xk\ aoG;rsm;acsmif;pD;rwwf jzpfc&hJ onf/ wuúov kd yf &0Pfwckv;kH usnfqefEiS hf ,rf;aiGUrsm;
vTrf;rdk;cJhonf/ ppfwvif;yrm tavmif;csif;xyfum jrifraumif;aom ½Icif;onf wuúodkvftm; ted|m½kHum;csyf
BuD;tjzpf zefwD;cJhonf/
(c) jzpfay:vmyHk tajccHtaMumif;t&if;rsm;

þrQ qdk;½Gm;jyif;xefvSaom ta&;awmfyHkBuD;\ tjzpftrSef jzpf&yftajccHudk tav;teuf oHk;oyfzdkY
vdkonf/ þZlvdkifta&;awmfyHkonf ppfwyftmPmydkifrsm;\-
(1) xif&mpdkif;í igwaumaumvdkaom ppf0g'ppfrme?
(2) ausmif;om;xktay:wGif xm;½SdcJhaom zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&; tmCmww&m;?
(3) jynfov l xl Ek iS hf ausmif;om;xk\qE´jzpfaom Nidr;f csrf;pGmajz½Si;f a&;rlukd ypfy,fum tMurf;zufenf;udk
oHk;pGJjcif;wdkYrS aygufzGm;vmjcif;jzpfonf/
ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI ordkif;wavQmufvHk;udk jyefMunhfvQifvnf; tmPmydkifwdkY\ tMurf;zuf0g'ESifh usL;
ausmfolrsm;uom þjzpf&yfqdk;rsKd;udk aygufzGm;apcJhaMumif; txift½Sm; awGU&ayrnf/ udkatmifausmfonf Nidrf;csrf;
pGmqE´jy&if; e,fcsJUorm;wdkY\ tMurf;zufESdrfESif;rIatmufwGif usqHk;cJh&onf/ zqyvvufxufwGifvnf; atmuf
wdbk mta&;awmfyo kH nf tmPmydik w f Ykd \ wrifzefw;D usL;ausmfrrI sm;rS aygufzmG ;vmonfh tMurf;zuf ESyd u
f yG rf BI uD;yif
677
jzpfonf/ [,f&Dwefta&;awmfyHkonfvnf; tmPmydkifwdkY\ csKdU,Gif;csufudk vlowfvufeufjzifh ajz½Sif;vdkufMu

jcif;jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xkurauseyfí qE´jyaomtcg tMurf;zufenf;udo k ;kH vsuf vufeufjzifv h o l wfí ESyd u f yG f
vdu k Mf uonf/ 1961 ck rEÅav;wuúov kd \ f pepfopfta&;awmfyBkH uD;udk Munfv h Qiv f nf; tmPmydik w f Ykd\ wzufowf
csrSwfxm;aom tajzESifh taopGJudkifrI? aemufqHk;tMurf;zufrIudk awGU&onf/ oifMum;rIrjynfhpHkaom pmar;yGJpepf
wckudk twif;csrSwfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u yxrOD;pGm vdktyfaeaom ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;? q&mrsm; wdk;
csUJ yg? þoifMum;rI tajctaersm; rjynfph rkH u D mvwGif pepfopfukd &yfqikd ;f xm;[lí wifjycJo h nf/ odYk aomf tmPmydik f
wdkYonf vdkufavsmhrIrjyKcJhbJ aemufqHk; pufwifbmvwGif vufeufjzifh tMurf;zufajz½Sif;vdkufonf/ ausmif;om;
tajrmuftrsm; 'Pf&m&cJhonf/ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;? 0&rf;ESifhqkaiGrsm; xkwfjcif;? ausmif;rS xkwfy,fjcif;wdkYudk
jyKvkyfí jyif;xefpGm zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcJhMuonf/
þordkif;pOfrsm;udk jyefMunfhvQif ausmif;om;wdkufyGJtm;vHk;ü tmPmydkifwdkY\ usL;ausmfrI? tMurf;zufrI?
ausmif;om;xkESifh jynfolYqE´ ypfy,frIrsm;udk awGU&ayonf/ wqufwnf; ausmif;om;xk\ Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoif
Mum;a&;udk cspfjrwfEdk;jcif;? Nidrf;csrf;pGm qE´jyenf;jzifhom awmif;qdkvIyf½Sm;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ ppfwyftpdk;&onf
wufvmpOfuwnf;u Ade;f aAgi;f wD;íxGuv f monf/ xdt k mPmodr;f yGw J iG f ausmif;om; pyfrrD o D u kd rf mS paw;cHvu kd &f onf/
tmPmodrf;NyD; oufwrf; (3) v twGif;rSmyif ausmif;om;xktm; zdESdyfa&;vkyfief;udk pwifvmayonf/ ynma&;
XmeESifh vHk;0rtyfpyfbJ ppfwyfoP²mefygaom pnf;urf;rsm; csrSwfvdkufMuonf/ csrSwf&mwGif ausmif;om;xk
qE´,ljcif;? n§dEIdif;jcif;vHk;0r½SdbJ aMumfjimbkwfwGif trdefYxkwfenf;rsKd;jzifh wzufowf csrSwfcJhonf/ pnf;rsOf;\
tESpfom&ydkif;onf zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&;owfowfudkazmfjyvsuf vkyfrlvkyf[efonf ppf0g'ESifUppfrme? igwaumaum
aom zufqpfvu©Pmudk aqmifaeonf/ tmPmydik w f Ykd\ xdv k yk if ef;onf ppfreS af om pnf;urf;rsm;jzpfonfh wdik af tmif
ratmifjrifEdkifaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efom jzpfayonf/
pnf;urf;wck atmifjrifa&;onf-
(1) ¤if;pnf;urf;onf vdkufem&rnfh olrsm;\ b0ESifh [yfrd&ef?
(2) vdkufem&rnfh olrsm;udk,fwdkif todESifh,SOfí vufcHvm&efwdkY vdkayonf/
ausmif;om;xk\qEúrkd ,ljcif;? n§Ed iId ;f rIrûyvkyjf cif;wdYkonf b0ESi[ hf yfrad om pnf;urf;rsm;jzpfrvmjcif;\
tajccHjzpfayonf/ wzufowf ppfrdefYqefqef csrSwfí ZGwftwif;vdkufemapjcif;onf todESifh,SOfívufcHvma&;
udk r&,lEikd af om vky[ f efomjzpfonf/ xdYkaMumifh ppfwyftmPmydik w f Ykd\ pnf;urf;onf tESpo f m&a&m vky[ f eft&yg
rSm;,Gif;cJhonfrSm xif½Sm;vSayonf/ ausmif;om;xkrSm pnf;urf;xm;½Sda&;udk rltm;jzifhvufcHaMumif; twdtvif;
wifjycJhonf/ wqufwnf;wGif txufygtwdkif; ausmif;om;xkqE´,la&;? q&m? ausmif;om;ESifh tmPmydkifwdkY
oHk;OD;oHk;zvS,f n§dEIdif;a&;qGJa&;? todESifhvufcHvmatmif ynmay;a&;wdkYudk jyKvkyf&ef tBudrfBudrf wifjycJhonf/
odYk aomf tmPmydik rf sm;\ rsufEmS pHn k aD wGUqkcH iG u hf ykd if cg;cg;oD;oD;jiif;y,fum wuo\ wifjycsufukd vH;k 0Oayu©m
jyKcJhonf/
ausmif;om;xktaeESihf b0ESi[ hf yfrad om todjzifh vdu k ef mEdik af om pnf;urf;rsm;t& ausmif;aqmifu, kd yf ikd f
tkycf sKyfciG uhf kd &,lvo dk nf/ ausmif;aqmifu, kd yf ikd tf yk cf sKyfciG ohf nf or*¾rsm;\ tpOfwpdu k af wmif;qdck ahJ om tcGit hf a&;
vnf; jzpfayonf/ ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh ½Sdjcif;tm;jzifh-
(1) ausmif;om;rsm;\b0udk ausmif;om;rsm;u ydkrdkxdawGUod½Sdjcif;?
(2) 'Drdkua&pD tkyfcsKyfrIpepfudk vufawGUusifhoHk;í tavhtusifhjzpfvdkjcif;?
(3) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk xda&mufpGm umuG,fEdkifjcif;?
(4) q&m? ausmif;om; em;vnfrI ydkrdk&½SdEdkifjcif; wdkYaMumifh or*¾rsm;taeESifh tpOfwpdkufawmif;qdkcJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhonf ausmif;om;rsm; xif&mvkyfa&;twGuf r[kwfbJ q&m? ausmif;om; n§dEdIif;rIjzifh
pepfuspGm tkyfcsKyfa&;om jzpfayonf/ xdkodkY tajccHusaom ausmif;om;xk\ wifjycsufrsm;udk vHk;0Oayu©mjyKjcif;
cHc&hJ avonf/ Nidr;f csr;f pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk cspjf rwfE;kd aom ausmif;om;xkonf Nidr;f csr;f pGm qE´jyawmif;qdck o hJ nf/
Nidr;f csrf;pGmvIy½f mS ;awmif;qdrk ?I rsufEmS pHn k aD jz½Si;f rIonf ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;\ tajccHrjl zpfaMumif; ausmif;om;vIyf
½Sm;rIordik ;f u oufaocHvsuf ½Sad eayonf/ vufeufro hJ rl sm;yDyD tMurf;zufru I vkd nf; rvdv k m;cJah y/ aygufurJG w I ikd ;f
vnf; tmPmydik w f Ykd \ usL;ausmfrrI S tMurf;zufrrI sm; ay:aygufvmaMumif;udv k nf; ordik ;f jzpf&yfrsm;u txift½Sm;
jyovsuf½Sdayonf/ Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ta&;awmfyHkonfvnf; jzpfpOftrSefudk tmPmydkifwdkY\ usL;ausmfrI? tMurf;
678
zufrrI sm;udk ½Si;f vif;pGm jrif&ayonf/ tmPmydik w

f Ykd \wzufowf igwaumaumrIaMumifh jzpfay:vm&aom ausmif;
om;jyóemtm; at;csrf;pGmajz½Sif;&rnfhtpm; vufeufpGJudkifí ajz½Sif;cJhMuayonf/
(*) rjzpfymG ;rD ausmif;om;rsm;rauseyfrrI sm;

arv (9) &ufwGif-
&efukefwuúodkvftufOya'udk ½kyfodrf;onfUOya'
EdkifiHawmfawmfvSefa&;aumifpD Ouú|onf atmufygOya'udk jy|mef;vdkufonf/

1/ (1) þOya'udk 1962 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvftufOya'udk ½kyfodrf;onfhOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf/
(2) þOya'onf csufjcif; tmPmwnfap&rnf/
2/ (1) &efukefwuúodkvftufOya'udk þOya'jzifh ½kyfodrf;vdkufonf/
(2) ,if;odkY½kyfodrf;onfhtcg-
(u) jrefrmEdkifiHpum;&yf Oya'yk'fr (5) yg jy|mef;csufrsm; tusKd;oufa&muf&rnf/
(c) &efukefwuúodkvfydkif ypönf;tm;vHk;onfvnf;aumif;? &efukefwuúodkvf\ a<u;NrDwm0ef
tm;vHk;onfvnf;aumif; tpdk;&ü wnf½Sdoufa&muf ap&rnf/
3/ þOya' pwiftmPmwnfonft h csderf S tpjyKí Edik if aH wmfawmfveS af &;tpd;k &onf &efuek w f uúov kd t
f m;
tqdkyg½kyfodrf;jcif;cH&aom &efukefwuúodkvftufOya'jzifh ay;tyfxm;onfh tmPmESifhwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk
qufvufoHk;pGJ aqmif½Guf&rnf/
xdjhk yif 1962 ckEpS f rEåav;wuúov kd t
f ufOya'udk ½kyo f rd ;f onUf atmufygOya'udk Edik if aH wmf awmfveS af &;
aumifpD Ouú|u jy|mef;vdkufonf/
1/ (1) þOya'udk 1962 ckESpf rEÅav;wuúodkvftufOya'udk ½kyfodrf;onfhOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf/
(2) þOya'onf csufjcif; tmPmwnfap&rnf/
2/ (1) 1957 ckESpf rEÅav;wuúodkvftufOya'udk þOya'jzifh ½kyfodrf;vdkufonf/
(2) ,if;odkY½kyfodrf;onfhtcg-
(u) jrefrmEdik if H a,bk,spum;&yfjzifh Oya'yk'rf (5) yg jy|mef;csurf sm; tusK;d oufa&mufap&rnf/
(c) rEÅav;wuúodkvfydkif ypönf;tm;vHk;onfvnf;aumif;? rEÅav;wuúodkvf\ a<u;NrDwm0ef
tm;vHk;onfvnf;aumif; tpdk;&ü wnf½Sdoufa&muf&rnf/
3/ þOya' pwiftmPmwnfonfhtcsdefrS tpûyí EdkifiHawmfawmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&onf rEÅav;
wuúodkvftm; tqdkyg½kyfodrf;jcif;cH&aom 1957 ckESpf rEÅav;tufOya'jzifh ay;tyfxm;onfh tmPmESifhwm0ef
0wå&m;rsm;udk qufvufoHk;pGJ aqmif½Guf&rnf/
yHk
(Adkvfae0if;)
Ouú|
EdkifiHawmfawmfvSefa&;aumifpD
1962 ckESpf? arv (9) &uf
1962 ck azazmf0g&DvwGif usi;f ycJah om &efuek cf ½dik ?f wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yGu

J dk zsuo
f rd ;f vdu
k af Mumif;
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&u aMunmcJhonf/ xkdudpöESifh ywfoufí Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYu uefYuGufcJh
Muonf/ awmfveS af &;aumifptD pd;k &u ar;cGe;f aygufMum;rIjzifh wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yGu J kd zsuford ;f vdu
k of nf[k
qdkavonf/
679
ar;cGef;aygufMum;rI jyóemay:ayguf&jcif;rSm ynma&;Xmewm0efcHrsm;\ rormrI? csKdU,Gif;ysufuGufrI

rsm;aMumifh jzpfonf[k Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfrS ,lqcJah yonf/ tpd;k &tqufqufwYdkonf ar;cGe;f aygufMum;rIrsm;twGuf
oufqikd &f mwm0efcrH sm;udk ta&;r,lbJ ausmif;om;rsm;tay: yHck sum ajz½Si;f cJah yonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;wGif tjypfr½S?d
xdkYaMumifh oufqdkif&mwm0efcHrsm;tm; tjypfay;jcif;? ta&;,ljcif; rjyKvkyfbJ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsypfjcif;?
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJy,fjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfum ausmif;om;rsm;tay:yHkcsenf;udk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfu tpOftjrJ
uefYuGufcJhayonf/ xdkUjyif ZGefv (26) &ufaeYuvnf; wuorS ausmif;aqmifae&m r&ao;aom ausmif;om;rsm;
twGuf ae&mr&ol (1300) ausmftwGuf taqmifjyóem ajz½Sif;ay;&ef wuúodkvfaumifpDrSwqifh ygarmu©csKyf
OD;um (ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmomvS ae&ma&mufvmol) xH pmay;ydkY vdkufavonf/
&efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;jyefzGifhNyD;aemuf ausmiff;om;? ausmif;olrsm; vdkufem&rnfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk
wuúov kd t
f yk cf sKyfa&; tmPmydik rf sm;u aMunmcJ\
h / ,if;pnf;urf;csuf w&yftaeESihf ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;om;
rsm;twGuf npmpm;csdefudk nae (6) em&DcGJrS (7) em&DcGJtxd ajymif;vJuefYowfay;&ef ZGefv (25) &ufaeYu
jyKvkyaf om wuúov kd o
f [m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rS ausmif;aqmifjyóemESihf ywfoufaom tpnf;ta0;rS awmif;qdk
cJhonf/ xkdYjyif ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;om;rsm; nzuf ausmif;aqmifodkY jyef0ifcGifhudk n (8) em&Dtpm; n (11)
em&Dtxd cGifhjyK&ef ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm; a&;qGJ&mü ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u awmif;qkdonf/
(C) wuúov
kd af umifpu
D kd zsuo
f rd ;f jcif;
arv (10) &ufaeY? (1) em&Dcw JG iG f &efuek Nf rdKU? '*H&k yd o
f mü Edik if aH wmfawmfveS af &;aumifpD Ouú| Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;
ae0if;onf wuúov kd af umifpt
D zGUJ ud,
k pf m;vS,f toD;oD;jzpfMuonfh ynmrif;BuD; OD;bd;k xd?k ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwm
omvS? aq;wuúov kd rf S a'gufwmarmifarmifat;? a'gufwmarmifarmifc? NrdKUawmf0efO;D ausmfrif;? twGi;f 0ef OD;ausmf
ñGefY? q&mBuD;OD;azarmifwif? OD;tkef;? ygarmu©rsm;jzpfonfh OD;vSoGif? OD;at;vIdif? OD;bwkwf? OD;atmifcif? a'gufwm
bvSD tp½Sdonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;? ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; pkpkaygif; (28) OD;eJY awGUqHkcJhonf/
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;u-
]]ausmif;awmfBuD;\ ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpfysufaeonfh tajctaeudkajym&vQif ausmif;om;ESifhq&m olYr½dkao?
ighr½dak oqdo k vdk jzpfaeonft h csuf jzpfw,f/ q&mavmua&m ausmif;om;avmua&m Edik if aH &;ya,m*0ifvmaeMu
w,f/ ½Sif;½Sif;ajym&vQif ta½SUtkyfpka&m? taemuftkyfpka&m ya,m*awG0ifvmaeMuw,f/ udk,fem;vnfxm;wJh
q&morm;qdk&mrSm udk,fhzmomynmwwfae½HkeJY rNyD;bl;/ tusifhpm&dwåaumif;&rJhtjyif? tcufcJqHk; ywf0ef;usifvl
trsm;&JU ½dak orI&½Sad &;yJjzpfw,f/ þausmif;awmfBuD;rSvv JG Qif ArmEdik if üH ynmay;&rnft h aqmufttHk r½Sad wmhaMumif;?
'Dtwdkif;qufoGm;ae&if wdkif;jynfb,fawmhrS aumif;rSmr[kwfbl;/ wuúodkvfavmuwGif tpdk;&tmPm½Sdol
awGuvnf; 0ifa&mufNyD; EdkifiHa&;upm;aeMuw,f/ 'DuaeY aumifpDvlBuD;awGudk ac:NyD;ajym&wmuawmh wuúov kd f
aumifpDudk zsufodrf;vdkufNyDqdkwmbJ}} ajymMum;cJhonf/
1961-62 ynmoifEpS f wuúov

kd af umifpt
D zJYG
(10? 5? 62 &ufaehwGif zsufodrf;cH&onf/)
t"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkrSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpD\ xdrf;odrf;xm;jcif;cHae&onf/
1/ 'k-t"dywd OD;pHvGif
2/ ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmomvS
3/ ygarmu© rpöpfvif;pa';
4/ a'gufwmudkudkav;
5/ 0DvsHayg
6/ a'gufwmausmfouf
7/ a'gufwmvSoGif
8/ a'gufwmqGef'&ef
9/ OD;at;vIdif
680
10/ OD;bwkwf
11/ ynmrif;BuD; OD;bdk;xdk
12/ rpöwmwDaubGef; (bJGU&olrsm;udk,fpm;vS,f)
13/ OD;pdefvS
14/ OD;atmifaz
15/ OD;ausmfjrifh
16/ OD;xGef;wif
17/ OD;at;armif (&efukefbm;aumifpD)
18/ OD;zdk;apm (aq;aumifpD)
19/ OD;yk (EdkifiHawmf&mxl;cefYxm;a&;tzJGU)
20/ OD;ausmfrif; (&efukefaumfydka&;½Sif;)
21/ OD;&m½Spf (ygvDrefudk,fpm;vS,f)
22/ ocifcspf
23/ OD;ausmfrif;
24/ apmqdk[kef; (ygvDrefudk,fpm;vS,f)
25/ OD;boif
26/ OD;oef;armif
27/ rpöwmwDyD0rf; (ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f)
28/ a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf (ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f)
29/ OD;jrwfxGef; (jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;q&mrsm;toif;udk,fpm;vS,f)
30/ a'gufwmOD;azarmifwif (t"dywdudk,fpm;vS,f)
31/ a'gufwmbvSD
32/ OD;tkef;
33/ OD;rdk;jrpf (ynma&;Xme)
34/ OD;ausmfñGefY (b@ma&;Xme)
35/ aq;odyHÜr[mXme-XmerSL;
36/ tif*sifeD,mXme-XmerSL;
37/ ynma&;r[mXme-XmerSL;
38/ OD;armifarmifpdef (t&m½Sd^ armfuGef;xdef;-oifMum;a&;)
39/ OD;vSatmif (t&m½Sd^ armfuGef;xdef;-tkyfcsKyfa&;)
40/ aiGpm&if;t&m½Sd
wuúodkvfaumifpDudk jyefvnfzJGYpnf;jcif;
17? 5? 62 &ufaeh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD trdefhtrSwf (30)
1962 ckESpf? arv (17) &ufaeYwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD trdefYtrSwf (30) udk xkwfjyefaMunmNyD;
wuúodkvfaumifpDudk jyefvnfzJGUpnf;cJhonf/
t"dywd - AdkvfrSL;csKyfoef;az
tzJGU0ifrsm; - AdkvfrSL;csKyfpef;,k
AdkvfrSL;BuD;oef;pdef
AdkvfrSL;BuD;wifpdk;
ygarmu©csKyfOD;um
rSwfcsuf- 61-62 zsufodrf;cHwuúodkvfaumifpD? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtrdefYtrSwf (30) wuúodkvfaumifpDjyefvnfzJGUpnf;jcif;-

(&efukefwuúodkvf pdef&wkobif (2006)? xkwfa0- jynfolYbwfawmfom;rsm;? pm- 48? 49) rS ul;,lazmfjyonf/
681
(i) Zlvikd v
f (7) &uf ta&;awmfypkH wifjcif;
Zlvdkifv (7) &uf? aeYv,f (1) em&DwGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;
or*¾rS BuD;rSL;í ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf; ½kyfodrf;ay;a&;qE´jyyGJ usif;y&m
obmywdtjzpf wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ Ouú| udkAaqGav;u aqmif
½GufNyD;? tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf udkom'dk;u aqmif½Gufonf/ ausmif;om; (2000)
cefY wufa&mufMuonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;wGif ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;rsm; zsuf
odrf;a&;? ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f yg0ifcGifhay;&ef?
ausmif;aqmifvdkolwdkif; ausmif;aqmif&a&;twGuf ausmif;aqmifopfrsm;
aqmufvkyfay;&ef? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fonfh ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;rsm;udk ½kyfodrf;a&;
twGuf uefYuGufyGJrsm;usif;yí qE´jyvSnfhvnf&ef qHk;jzwfonf/
xdkYaemuf wuotaqmuftODa½SUwGif pk½Hk;um rEÅav;ausmif;aqmif?

awmifilausmif;aqmif? '*Hkausmif;aqmif? a½Tbdkausmif;aqmif? t"dywdvrf;rS bGJU
wuo aemufq;kH Ouú| udAk aqGav; ESif;obifudk t"dywdvrf;twdkif; pDwef;vSnfhvnfí wuoa½SUü vlpkcGJvdkufMu
onf/
pDwef;vSnfhvnf&mwGif-
]rw&m;pnf;urf;awG tvdkr½Sd}
]rw&m;csKyfcs,frIawG tvdkr½dS}
]ausmif;aqmifawGudk tusOf;aqmifrvkyfeJh}
]csKyfcs,frIawG tvdkr½Sd}
]rw&m;pnf;urf;awG zsufodrf;}
]ausmif;om;xk nDñGwfMu}
xdkodkY a<u;aMumfoHrsm;jzifh wuf<upGm yg0ifcJhavonf/
ausmif;0ifcGifhESifh taqmif&a&;udk vHkjcHKa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfrIaumfrwDrsm;\ axmufcHrIjzifh avQmufcJh&onf/
xkdYaemuf rdbtkyfxdef;ol\ 0efcHcsufuwdudkvnf; wifcJh&onf/ ,cktcg tusOf;axmifESifhrjcm; tcsKyfcHae&jyef
onf/ n (8) em&Dx;kd vQif taqmifwcH g;ydw?f vH;k 0tjyifrxGu&f ? ud, k t
hf cef;rSmxdik Nf yD; pmMunfah e&rnf/ taqmifrLS ;
(odkYr[kwf) vufaxmuftaqmifrSL;u ppfaq;vQif rdrdtcef;ü ½Sdae&rnf/ rawGUvQif tcef;ür½Sd[k rSwf,lvsuf
ta&;,lrnf/ xrif;pm;csed u f vkd nf; reuf (7) em&DrS (10) em&D naepmudrk l nae (6) em&DrS auR;rnf/ eHeufxrif;ESihf
naexrif;tMum; aumfzD (2) Budrfwkdufrnf ponfrsm;tjyif pnf;urf;azmufzsufvQif ausmif;aqmifrS xkwfypf
rnf[k pnf;urf;wydk'fqHk;wdkif; Ncdrf;ajcmufxm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;pnf;urf;rsm;udk nDnDñGwfñGwfeJY
wdkuf&if b,folrSrcHEdkifbl;/ or*¾ oabmxm;rsm;udk xkwfa0í o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm; tjrefzGJU&ef pnf;½Hk;cJh
onf/ o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;tm;vH;k yl;aygif;NyD; or*¾acgif;aqmifrEI iS hf wdu k ,f &l ef jzpfonf/ odYk aomf o[m,ESihf
pmzwftoif;rsm; zGJUpnf;rIudk tmPmydkifrsm;u vdkufvHaESmifh,Sufonf/ wzufuvnf; tvdkawmf&d ausmif;om;
vufwqkyfpmu ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; ysufjym;ap&ef? vufudkifwkwf pmzwftoif;rsm; zGJUpnf;&ef ajcykef;ckwfvm
Muonf/ ausmif;om;trsm;pkuvnf; o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm; zGJUpnf;Edkif&ef ykdrdkBudK;pm;vmMuonf/ Zlvdkifv
(6) &ufaeY? n (12) em&DwGif axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf taqmifwHcg; aomhcavmufrsm;udk
½dkufcsKd;NyD; t"dywdvrf;rBuD;ay:wGif qE´jyMuonf/ ausmif;om;xkonf t"dywdvrf;rS wqifh yk*H? jynf? waumif;
aqmifrsm;odYk oGm;a&mufNyD; rdrw d Ykd b0wl ausmif;om;rsm;udk twlwuG qE´jy&ef oGm;a&mufac:iifMuonf/ xkYd aemuf
ygarmu©csKyf tdrfa½SUwGif oGm;a&muf qE´jyMuonf/
Zlvdkifv (7) &ufaeY? aevnf (1) em&DwGif wuotaqmuftODü zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fxm;aom taqmifpnf;
urf;rsm;udk uefYuGufqE´jyyGJ w&yfûyvkyf&eftwGuf tpnf;ta0;ac:,lcJhavonf/ ¤if;tpnf;ta0;onf ordik ;f 0if
taqmuftODBuD;\ aemufqHk;tpnf;ta0; jzpfonfudk rnfonfUausmif;om;rQ rod½SdcJUay/
wuoOuú| udkAaqGav;u-
]]ArmjynfBuD;[m vGwv f yfa&;&wm MumygNyD? 'gayr,fh 'DaeYtxd ynma&;[m rvGwv f yfbJ uRefynma&;
udk zmax; oHk;pGJaeygw,f/ tpd;k &tqufquf[m ynma&;pepfurkd ajymif;vJbJ ynma&;pepfukd ajymif;vJzahkd wmif;qdk
682
wJh ausmif;om;awGuo kd m enf;trsK;d rsK;d ajymif;vJNy;D zdEydS cf yUJ gw,f/ 'DaehwufvmwJaU wmfveS af &;tpd;k &[mvnf; ynma&;
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk rvkyfygbl;? trsKd;om;ynma&;twGuf pDrHudef;rsm;vnf; csrSwfjcif; r½Sdao;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fU
wuúov kd yf nma&; tqift U wef;edru Uf saerI[m pnf;urf;csK, Yd iG ;f rIawGaMumifU jzpfw,fqw
kd UJ urÇmrSmr½Sad o;wJU ynma&;
oabmeJh ausmif;zGiu Uf mpu pwifNy;D wif;usyw f pUJ nf;urf;awGukd wzufowf vkyaf qmifvmygw,f/ pnf;urf;qdkwm
Source: The Student Movement and Civil War in Burma: page-84 (unknown)
Zlvikd v
f (7) &uf ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;rsm;½kyo
f rd ;f a&; pnf;a0;yJt
G Ny;D wuotaqmuftODrS ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jy&ef xGuv
f mMupOf
683
tkycf sKyforl sm;omrubJ vdu k ef m&rnfh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;awGyg yg0ifa&;qGrJ o

S m obm0usygw,f/ usifo h ;kH Edik f
wJh pnf;urf;awGvnf; jzpfvmEdkifygw,f/ 'DaeY wzufowfa&;qGJxm;wJh pnf;urf;awG[m rlt&udk rrSefygbl;/
wdk;wufwJhEdkifiHawGrSm taqmifawGudk udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhrsm;yif ay;aewJhumvrSm 'Dvdkwzufowf pnf;urf;awGeJY
csKyfcs,fxm;wm[m &mZ0ifudk aemufjyefqGJovdk jzpfaeygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY[m txufwef;ynm oifMum;aeMu
&olrsm; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh wOD;eJYwOD; ESD;aESmzvS,fcGifhqdkwmawG ½Sd&ygr,f/ 'grS ynma&;twGuf ydkrdk tusKd;jzpf
Edkifygw,f/ 'Dvdkr[kwfbJ n (8) em&Dxdk;vQif taqmifwHcg;awG aomhcwf? tcef;wcef;rS tcef;wcef;odkY rul;&?
ud, k phf m;yGu
J , kd x
f ikd ?f pmzwf pnf;urf;rvdu k ef m&if ausmif;aqmifrx
S w
k w
f ehJ nf;[m vufawGUrSmrjzpfEikd yf gbl;/ 'gwif
ruao;bJ xrif;auR;csdefudk eHeuf (10) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dtxdjcm;wm[m vufawGUrSm ausmif;om;awG 'ku©
a&mufMuygw,f/ 'gawGaMumifh ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tkyfcsKyfola&m? vdkufemolyg yl;wGJn§dEdIif;NyD; pnf;urf;awG jyefvnfqGJzdkY
awmif;yefygw,f/ vuf½Sd pnf;urf;awGudkom qufvufusifhoHk;vQif atmifjrifp&m vrf;r½Sdygbl;/ zdESdyfa&;twGuf
pnf;urf; trnfcHomjzpfygvdrfhr,f}} [k ajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;onf eD&Jaom cGyfa'gif;tvHudk avxJvTifh? ydkpwmrsdK;pHkudk udkif? a½SUqHk;rSm BuD;rm;vSaom
cGyfa'gif;tvHBuD;udk jzefYvsuf ausmif;om; (10) a,mufcefY udkifaqmifvmMuonf/
]]&JabmfwdkY ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk pwifrjyKvkyfbJeJY csKyfcs,fa&;pnf;urf;awGudkom pepfwus
vkyfaqmifaewmudk uRefawmfwdkY qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&OD;rSm jzpfw,f/ ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;? trsKd;om;ynm
a&; wnfaqmufa&;twGuf a½SUvkyfief;udk qufvuf vkyfaqmif&vdrfhOD;r,f? rw&m; ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;awGudk
vnf; ½kyfodrf;zdkY vufwGJwdkuf&OD;rSm jzpfw,f/ 'DwdkufyGJawGtwGuf taumif;qHk;vufeuf[m ausmif;om;xknDñGwf
a&;yJ? ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;ukd r&raewnfaqmufNyD; ausmif;om;or*¾&UJ cGyaf 'gif;tvHatmufrmS pkpnf;nDñw G Nf yD;
qufvuf wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;MuygpdkY}} [k trIaqmifwOD;u qE´jyyGJ ed*kH;csKyfrdefYcGef;udk or*¾taqmuftODa½SUwGif ay;NyD;
aemuf us,favmif ½Snfvsm;vSaom vufckyfoHrsm;jzifh ed*kH;csKyf rdefYcGef;qHk;oGm;avonf/
(p) tMurf;zdEydS rf pI wifNyD

qE´jyyGNJ yD;aomtcg ausmif;om;rsm;onf or*¾aqmif vufbuf&nfqikd w f iG f xdik af eMuonf/ taqmuftOD
atmufxyfwGif rkefYpm;olpm;? aumfzDaomufolaomufESifh ½Iyfvsuf½Sdonf/ taqmuftOD tay:xyfwGif c½dkiftoif;
wckonfvnf; armifr,fopfviG f BudKqdyk jJG yKvkyv f suf½o dS nf/ xdt k cdu k f t"dywdvrf;zufrS um;oH;k pD; or*¾taqmuf
tODa½SUxd;k &yfNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;udk vdu
k v
f zH rf;qD;aeonf/ wdu k yf t
kH usÐ0wfxm;olreS o f rQudk vdu k zf rf;onf/ ausmif;
om;rsm; zrf;qD;&mwGif wuoOuú| udkAaqGav;? AuoOuú| udkouf? udkÓPf0if;? udkpdk;wifh? udk&Jjrifh? udkxdef0if;?
udkMunfñGefY? udk0if;Munf? udkwifaiG? udkcsKdwdkYudk &efukef&JtzGJUu wuotaqmuftODay:wGif zrf;qD;&rdvdkufonf/
xdkowif;onf taqmifwckvHk; jyefYoGm;NyD;aemuf ]]ausmif;om;awG vmMua[h? igwdkh acgif;aqmifawG
zrf;aeNy}D } [k owif;jyefYomG ;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf taqmifwikd ;f rS xGuv f mum or*¾x0J if&ef BudK;pm;Muonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;udk zrf;qD;&m &Jrsm;udk jyefvnfckcHum ]ykvdyf tvdkr½Sd?} ]&J tvdkr½Sd}ponfjzifh atmf[pf
Muonf/ wuo taqmuftODESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkifwGif½Sdaom rEÅav;ausmif;aqmifESifh tr&ausmif;aqmifrS
ausmif;om;rsm;u cJrsm;jzifh aygufMuonf/ oxH?k yJc;l ausmif;aqmifrS ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; cJrsm;jzifh ykvyd rf sm;udk
ypfí ausmif;om;rsm;udk zrf;qD;rIxyfrvkyEf ikd af tmif umuG,Mf uonf/ cJaygufrrI sm;jym;vmí ykvyd rf sm; wuúov kd 0f if;
tjyifodkY qkwfcGmay;vdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf t"dywdvrf;½Sd wHcg;udk ydwfvdkufMuonf/
nae (4) em&DwGif oD;oefY&JtzGJUrS &Jom; (100) cefYonf t"du½kPf; ESdrfESif;a&;um; (2) pD;? aoewfudkif
wyfrawmfum; (5) pD; a&mufvmonf/ 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGif? 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;ausmf? 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;armifarmifc
vufaxmuf&Jrif;BuD; OD;vSaiGwdkY urm½Gwf&JXmewGif a&muf½Sdaeonf/ oD;oefY&Jrsm;u rsuf&nf,dkAkH; (7) vHk; ypf
azmufvdkufonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u qufvuf qE´jya<u;aMumfaeqJ jzpfonf/ 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifu &Jrif;BuD;
OD;vSaiGtm; &Jrsm;jzifhom qlylrIxdef;ay;&ef wm0efay;onf/
nae (4) em&D (20) rdepfwiG f txl;owif; axmufvrS ;f a&;Xme &Jrif;BuD; OD;armifarmifEiS hf wwd,&mZ0wf
w&m;olBuD; OD;armifarmifMunfwdkY a&muf½SdvmNyD; tajctaeudk tuJcwfMuonf/ AdkvfrSL;BuD;oef;pdef? AdkvfrSL;BuD;
wifpdk;? &efukef&Jrif;BuD; OD;cifarmifarmif? 'k-&Jrif;BuD; OD;oef;? 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifwdkYvnf; a&muf½Sdvmonf/
nae (4) em&D (45) rdepfwGif rsuf&nf,dkAHk; (6) vHk;ypfNyD; ESdrfeif;jyefonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;
684
qufvufqE´jyaeí aemufxyfAkH; (4) vHk; xyfí azmufonf/

ausmif;om;rsm; vIyf½Sm;rI tenf;i,f &yfqdkif;oGm;aomf 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifonf ausmif;om;rsm;qD
odkYoGm;NyD; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; xGufyg[kajym&m udkusif? udkpdef0if;? udkxGef;ausmf? udk0if;ñGefY? wuúodkvf
t&Hwyf&if;rS ppf0wfpHk0wfxm;aom udkvSxGef;wdkY xGufvmMuonf/ 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifu qlylrIudkxdef;ay;u
rdrdwdkY&Jrsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;ay;rnf[k ajymonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ppf0wfpHk0wfxm;aom udkvSxGef;\tusÐudk
0dik ;f ícRwNf yD; ppfO;D xkyu
f kd abmfv;kH vdv
k yk Nf yD; uefMuonf/ xdYk aemuf qE´jyrIrsm;? cJypfrrI sm; qufvuf jzpfymG ;vmMuNyD;
oD;oefY&Jrsm;u rsuf&nf,dkAHk; (6) vHk;xyfrHypf&m rsuf&nf,dkAHk;aMumifh 'Pf&m&oGm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcsif;
csif;az;rí taqmiftwGif;odkY ac:,loGm;onf/
nae (5) em&D (45) rdepfwiG f 'k-Akv d rf LS ;BuD;pdev
f iG u
f &Jrsm;udk jyefvnf½yk o
f rd ;f NyD; ppfwyfukd tapmifch svu
kd f
aomtcgwGif ausmif;om;rsm;onf t"dywdvrf;zufodkY ay (20) cefY qkwfoGm;NyD; ygarmu©csKyfOD;um\ pudk'g
p^659? ausmif;½kH;ykdif abmufp*Gef p^6203 udk vrf;ray:odkY wGef;vmNyD; rD;½dIUvdkufMuonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmNyD; qE´jyrIjrifhrm;vmum a<u;aMumfoHrsm; ykdrdkjrifhrm;vmonf/ nae
(5) em&D rdepf (40) wGif 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;oef;pdefu qlylrI&yfqdkif;&ef ajymonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; qufvufqE´jyae&m
ntcsdefwGif aoewfESifh ypfcwfESdrfeif;cJh&m aoqHk;rIrsm;? 'Pf&m&rIrsm; jzpfay:cJhonf/ &efukefc½dkif &mZ0wfw&m;
olBuD;u urm½Gwft0dkif;BuD;e,fajrtm; yk'fr (144) xkwfjyefNyD; wuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif; ae0ifrD;Nidrf;trdefY xkwf
vdkufonf/
wuo taqmuftODa½SY
t"dywdvrf;rBu;D ay:wiG f
&JEiS aUf usmif;om;
y#dyu©jrifuiG ;f
ausmif;om;wdu hk cJjzifaU yguf

&Jrsm;u rsu&f nf,Akd ;kH ypfNy;D
vlpck aGJ epOfawG&Y yHk
685
Zlvikd v
f (7) &uf ausmif;om;ESi&Uf J
tjyeftvSef y#dyu©jzpfymG ;Ny;D
ausmif;om;rsm;xyfrH zrf;qD;rIrvkyEf ikd &f ef
t"dywdvrf; t"dut0ifayguf wHcg;Bu;D udk
ausmif;om;rsm;u ydwx f m;vduk o f nf
rEåav;aqmifEiS Uf
tr&aqmifEpS cf Mk um;rS

qE´jya<u;aMumfaeMuaom
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; qlyrl rI jyK&ef
'k-Adv
k rf LS ;Bu;D pdev
f iG f
oGm;a&mufajymMum;aepOf
(q) aoqH;k ol? 'Pf&m&ol? aysmufq;kH ol? zrf;qD;cH&olrsm;pm&if;

aoqHk;olrsm;pm&if;
1/ armifcifñGefY(c)cifarmifñGefY 'k-ESpf (bDat)
2/ armifpef;a½T tcef; (83)? ppfudkif;aqmif Oypmtydkif; (c)
3/ armifausmf0if; rEÅav;aqmif 0dZÆm (c)
4/ armifpdef0if; tcef; (91)? awmifilaqmif 0dZÆm (c)
5/ armifusifrdk; xm;0,fausmif;? Am;u&m
6/ armifoef;xGef; awmifilBuD;
7/ armifwifñGefY wuúodkvf0ifpmppfXme? pma&;
8/ armifpdef0if; xGef;tvGwfynmoifausmif;
9/ qlAm; tvkyform;
10/ udkwifxGef; yJcl;aqmif
'Pf&m&olrsm;
1/ udkrif;vGif yif;,aqmif bDtufpD (c) wef;
2/ udkpdk;ñGefY waumif;aqmif tdkiftufpD (c) wef;
3/ udkÓPf '*Hkaqmif tdkifat (c)
686
4/ udkwifvIdif yk*Haqmif tdkifat (c)

5/ udkwifxGef; waumif;aqmif bDat (at)
6/ udkpdk;0if; jynfausmif;aqmif tdkifat (bD)
7/ udkat;Munf aeYausmif;om; tdkiftufpD (at)
8/ udkcifOD; yif;,aqmif bDat (bD)
9/ udkatmifrif; aeYausmif;om; bDtufpD (bD)
10/ udkxGef;Nidrf; rEÅav;aqmif bDat (bD)
11/ udkxGef;vIdif oxkHaqmif bDat (bD)
12/ udkcspfatmif oxkH (3) vrf; bDtufpD (bD)
13/ OD;zdk;pdef "gwkaA'enf;jy
14/ udkaxG;Edkif rEÅav;aqmif bDat (bD)
15/ udkausmfodef; *kHavQmfpuf? tvkyform;
16/ rpöwmtm*,Drif; wHwm;jzLae
17/ armifpdefoD tvkyform;wef;vsm;
18/ udkpm&Dvdwf OypmodyÜH (c)
19/ udkaevif; Oypm (u)
20/ udkÓPf Oypm (c)
21/ udkwif½Sdef jynfaqmif 0dZÆm (u)
22/ udkausmfrif; yJcl;aqmif 0dZÆm (c)
23/ udkwifatmif yJcl;aqmif 0dZÆm*kPfxl;
24/ udkjrifhvGif waumif;aqmif 0dZÆm (u)
25/ udkbaomf yk*Haqmif Oypm (c)
26/ udkatmifjrifh yif;,aqmif Oypm (c)
27/ udk*geywf yif;,aqmif 0dZÆm*kPfxl;
28/ udk[ife&D yif;,aqmif Oypm (u)
29/ udkjrwfNidrf; rEÅav;aqmif 0dZÆm (u)
30/ udkxGef;jrifhqefeD Oypm (u)
31/ udkarmifarmifvwf Oypm (c)
32/ udkvSatmif 0dZÆmwef;
33/ udkcifOD; 0dZÆm (c)
34/ udkrdk;pdef 0dZÆmodyÜH
35/ udkpwefavaomif; OypmodyÜH (c)
36/ udkoef;a|; OypmodyÜH (u)
37/ udka½Tat;(c)tuf'0yfat; t&yfom;
38/ udkpdefwD t&yfom;
39/ udkpdk;0if; t&yfom;
40/ udkjrifhodef; t&yfom;
41/ udkpE´&mwm; a½Tbkdaqmif? rmvDrSL;
42/ OD;pdefarmif vuform;
43/ armifpdef0if; pufrIvufrIausmif;om;
44/ udkcspfarmif puffrIvufrIausmif;om;
45/ rjrifhjrifh wuúodkvf0if;? t&yfol
46/ roef;&if wuúodkvf0if;? t&yfol
687
tzrf;qD;cH&olrsm;
1/ udkjynfñGefY awmifilaqmif 0dZÆm (u)
2/ udkwifaiG (45)? tmwD;,m;vrf; OyZÆm (u)
3/ udkwifxGef;(c)udkodef;xdkuf OyZÆm (u)
4/ udkcspfarmif tr&aqmif 0dZÆm (c)
5/ udk0if;Munf rEÅav;aqmif 0dZÆm (c)
6/ udkxdef0if; rEÅav;aqmif 0dZÆm (c)
7/ udkb&if oufBuD;wuúodkvf 0dZÆmodyÜH (u)
8/ udkouf Auo-Ouú| 0dZÆm*kPfxl;aemufqHk;ESpf
9/ udkBuD;pdef OypmodyÜH (u)
10/ udkÓPf0if; &uo-twGif;a&;rSL;
11/ udkAaqGav; wuo-Ouú|
12/ udkouf0if; yJcl;aqmif OypmodyÜH (c)
13/ udknDav;(c)udk&Jatmif ynmwefaqmifausmif;
14/ udkapmr& tif;0aqmif 0dZÆm (u)
15/ udkcsKdcsKd(c)udkjroef; oxHkaqmif 0dZÆmodyÜ H(c)
16/ udkrif;atmif(c)atmifatmif awmifilaqmif Oypm (c)
17/ udkxGef;wif aq;odyÜHaemufqHk;ESpf
18/ udkcifxGef; atmufMunfhjrifwdkifvrf; t&yfom;
19/ udkav;jcpf(c)udkwifvIdif trSwf (72)? vdIifjrpfvrf; t&yfom;
20/ udkwifat; awmifilaqmif
21/ udk0if;Munf rEÅav;aqmif
pm&if;rjyEdkifol? aysmufqHk;ol ausmif;om; (40) yg0ifonf/
(Z) wuotaqmiftODBu;D NzKd cjJG cif;

1962 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (8) &uf? eHeuf (6) em&DwGif wuúodkvfor*¾taqmuftODudk 'dkif;erdkufjzifh NzdKcGJypf
vdkufavonf/ e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpfqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;ordkif; rSwfwdkifBuD;jzpfaom
&efuek wf uúov kd o
f r*¾ taqmuftODBuD;udk rdu k rf pJ mG NzdKcGv
J u
kd o
f nf/ xkrd QESihf r&yfao;bJ wm0eft½Sq d ;kH yk*Kd¾ vfjzpfaom
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD Ouú| AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;u ]¤if;taqmuftODrmS ausmif;om;rsm;udk tvGo J ;kH pm;vkyu f m ausmif;
tmPmydik Ef iS Uf tpd;k &udk ykeu
f efvaYHI qmfonft
U aqmuftOD jzpfvmaMumif;ESiUf ajratmufoyl ek rf sm; vQK0Yd u S q f ufo, G &f m
XmecsKyfBuD;jzpfí Mum½SnfcGifUrjyKEdkifojzifU NzdKcGJvdkuf&aMumif;? "g;"g;csif;? vSHvSHjcif;}[k ajymqdkoGm;avonf/ odkYaomf
wuoonfvnf;aumif;? Auoonfvnf;aumif; raoqHk;? tNzdKcGJrcH&ay/ ausmif;om;ordkif;onf qufvuf
xGef;ajymifaernf? ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIonf qufvuf½Sifoefaernfom jzpfonf/ trSefw&m;onf rnfodkYaom
tcgrQ zH;k uG,í f r&ay/ xm0&wnfjrJaeaom trSew f &m;twGuf trSew f &m;bufawmfom;rsm;u qufvuf avQmuf
vSr;f aeMuOD;rnf? trSew f &m;udk qefYusiforl sm;vnf; ½Sad eOD;rnf? ausmif;om;ESihf ausmif;rsm;onfvnf; qufvuf½dS
aeOD;rnf/
(wzufpmrsufESmrS yHkrsm;)
tay:- wuotaqmuftOD aY½½S dS
Adv
k af tmifausmaf usmufwikd uf kd
tysut
f qD;rsm;Mum;wGif þodahk wG&Y onf
atmuf- (*) &ufaeh reuf (6) em&DwGif 'dkif;erdkufESifU

azmufczGJ suq
f ;D tNy;D ½Si;f vif;aeMupOf
688
Source: Unknown
689
Source: The Student Movement and Civil War in Burma: page-84 (unknown)
1962 ck? Zlvikd v

f (12) &ufaehxw k f [Hom0wDowif;pm a½SrY suEf mS zH;k wGif Zlvikd f (7) &ufta&; aemufqufwjGJ zpf&yfrsm;udk þodahk zmfjycJo h nf
(tay:^0Jzuf- om;aoqH;k aMumif;od&í aiGa<u;aeaom rdcif/ tay:^nmzuf- ausmif;rsm;ydwv f ukd af Mumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;
tdrjf yef&eftrdex
hf wk v
f u f nf/ atmuf^0J- aoqH;k oltcsK\
dk o Yd tavmif;rsm;udo k m rdbaqGrsK;d ud,
k wf ikd f oN*K[
Ø cf iG &Uf cJMU uonf/)
690
a'gif;&moDjynfawmfvSefa&;
(1)
À trSefw&m;&JU
&rufuGef,ufxJ À rm,meJU vSnfhpm;xm;wJh
igh - ayvTmawG
awmfvSefa&;twåawG jcaoFh (2) aumifu
0JysHoGm;w,f/ [m;wdkuf&,farm
csKd;jzLwdkY&JUcg;oD;yHk&dyf
(2) tdk;a0wdkY&JUawmifvdkyHkwJh
À twdwf&mZ0ifqdk; [pfa<u;oH
yJhwifoH[m bGJUESif;obifcef;ru
tmPmpufoHrPdtdrfudk &ifcGifydkufxm;wkef;bJ/
jymcs À O'gef;raMu
&J&ifhwJhtem*wfrsKd;qufysKd urÇmwnfr,fh trSwfw&
urÇmraMuwJh vufoD;qkyfxJ Adkvfatmifausmf
tm;rmef ausmufwdkifuajym
acgif;ndwfwcsuf or*¾ajrrIefUawG
tjyHK;wvSnfh em;pGifhodrf;xm;w,f/
tpfudkBuD;opfykwfyif À [dk; - cyfvSrf;vSrf;u
uMunfh wkdif (18) wkdifeJY
'gayr,fh *syfqifacgif;avmif;rSm
ppfbdeyfoHawG aoG;pufawGeJY/
ppfaoewfoHawG À 'g -
ppfrsuf&nf,dkAHk;awG cGyfa'gif;wdkY&J
ppf*ef;ydkufvHk;awGaMumifh xm0&tjyHK;w&m;ay:uowÅd
olYtoJtrm&Gwfu ol&Jaumif;tmZmenfwdkY&JU
awmufacgufaew,f/ armfuGef;awGyJ/
À uHah umf
pdefyef; (3)
pG,fawmfawG[m À arceJYrvdcom;awmf
'@m&Dr[kwfwJh ]]r[m{&m0wD}}a&
usnfqHawGudk jynfolawG&JU
a'gormefeJY zsm;emaewJhvGwfvyfa&;
tHBudwfMunfhaew,f/ tm;emaewJhom,mrI
acgifrvHkwJh aysmf½TifrI
ted|m½Hkyef;csDum;xJu
trJa&mifaq;pufawG
'gawGudk -
rif;&JUopömw&m;eJY
691
oefYpify,f½Sm;
'Drdkua&pDtysKd&nfzsufol
vlYtcGifhta&;yef;a>col
jynfolYtaoG;udkaomuf
tom;udktjrnf;yGJvkyfaewJh
rdpämewfqdk;arG;pm;
rdef;rysuf&JUom; (5)
bmr[kwfnmr[kwf À tawG;acguf rsKd;wHk;
vlpmG vkyf todÓPfu edrfh½IH;
bmrxl;nmrxl; tEkynmu a0;qHk;jzpfapwJh
wPSmcyf½l;½l;eJY vrdkuf
yv’ifay:wuf oufMum;tdk
rsKd;rppfwJh &ifjyifudk
[dk[mpm;wJh rif;&JUa'gif;aowJh
0pDyg'fawGeJY xkwfydk; qifaowJh
0dyguBudrfwHeJY a&pD;tm;rmefeJY
&mZ0wfom;awG wdkufpm;
uGyfrsufwJh ]oHvGif} a&
cHukef;rSm - a&mifeDNzKd;armuf
rif;&JUtm;rmefeJY t½kPfta&muf
ajrjr§KyfoN*KØ[fay;cJhyg &ifjyifopfodkY ydkYaqmifay;cJhyg/
]r[m{&m0wD} a& - /
(6)
(4) À t½dk;NzdKif;NzdKif;
À a&½dkif; cg;udkif;udkif;
ajr½dkif;u tykyfeHYwvdIifvdIif
yef;½dkif;awG uifqmawmifrEdkif
uEÅm&rJhtkdatppfawGjzwf acsmif;w[Gwf[Gwfqdk;
ppfrJh&yf0ef;qDtoGm; emwm½Snpf u JG yf
odu©mysufyumawG&JU tyifysuf
w&m;ysufwJhpum; [dkra&muf'Dra&muf
tem;rowfwJhoGm;Mum;rSm tyGifh
[dkrSmwpfyGifha<uus [dkrwnfh'Drwnfh
'DrSmwpfyGifhajrc toD;
useftyGifhawG - [dkvdkvdk 'Dvdkvdk
aA'gysHtHudkcJ tjrpf - awGckwfvSJ
]'kwÅm0wD} a& ajrr[DrSm
rif;&JUOD;vnfrokefwJh pdrf;vef;
tMuifemw&m;eJY Nidrf;csrf;wJh
aEG;axG;ay;cJhyg/ ESif;yef;awG
pdkufay;cJhyg
]ppfawmif;} a&
692
(7) waqGvufopf
À awmfvSefa&; toGifeJY
ESvHk;ysuftm;aq; aEGobm0udkzsuf
aomufcsifolrsm; 'Dawmh -
awmfvSefa&; jcpfjcpfawmuftylcsdefrSm
aemufxrsm; ukwftusÐxlxl0wf
awmfvSefa&; rD;xdkifvIHae&w,f/
aiGpkpmtkyf À aEGxJuwaygif;
vkyfcsifolrsm; waygif;xJu vli,fopfwdkYpsmye
awmfvSefa&; waygif;xJu oHzaemifhatmuf
rsufrSefpdrf; jzLpifwJhvGwfvyfa&;yef;yGifhrsm;
wyfMunfholrsm; waygif;xJrS awmfvSefa&;awGx
'Dolrsm; - aerif;u rsufaxmifheDeJYMunfh
'Dolrsm; - ik0gcufay:u rsuf&nfpuftwGuf
]upäye'D} a& wdrfoufwefYawGyifhouf½dIuf
rif;&JUvIdif;eJY aeMuw,f/
o,faqmif À aEG&JUt&dyf[m
a&atmufocsØKif;rSm avjyifudkjzwf
eef;awmfwnfaqmuf ½dk;rudkazmuf
olwdkYudk awmifawGudkausmf
urÜnf;wif wdkufyGJ0ifvG,ftdwfvG,f
ae&may;vdkufyg/ aoG;*vJhpm;
OD;xkyfudkaqmif;
(8) tpdrf;a&mif
À aEG[m - oHvGifcufudkcsD
&moDtdrfr[kwf trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf
oP²mef½kyfryD ,rf;aiGUudky,f
a0'emav[yf (4) &ufaeYtysKdrudk
iSufzsm;pGJuyfaew,f/ u,fwifzdkY
À trSm;zufwJh w&m;ysufawG a'gif;jynfudk
ykwD;wzufudkudkif jzefYusufcJhao;w,f/
ightwGufqdkwJh
rmewufwJh (9)
pum;tufawGeJU À rdk;[m
"g;wpfvufudkqGJ ZGef? Zlvdkif&JU
ighaqGighrsKd; *E¦0iftedpaö wG
y&rJhawGzuf jyefac:n§d
'ku©dwpmaA' Mo*kwfv&JUaeUopfrSm
aoewfwpfvufudkxrf; yef;ykxktoday;
tkdemusKd;uef; teufa&mifpufwifbmaeYudk
'óeduawGwyfqif tkwf*loGif;zdkY
um&efrJhtqdyfawGvTwf uwdjyKvdkufw,f/
693
À ezm;BudK;wyfcH&wJh
csnfwdkifuEGm;
jcHapmifhacG; (10)
nwa&;Edk; À ESif;ouú&mZfpuf
tdyfa&;ysufoHeJY jrLcdk;em&DtdkrSm
iSuf½kyfqdk;aMumif; tvif;a&mifawG
rdk;pufyGifhvuFmawG pkwfjyJjcpm;
om;aMumjywf tpawG zGmvefMuJ
rsKd;qufopfuAsmawG ,Ofaus;rIawGrIdwuf
udk,f0efysufusoGm;w,f/ 'DZifbmaqmif;[m
À rdk;xJurkwfokH tyl'D*&DqufcJh&w,f/
rkwfokHxJrSm À aoG;r&SdwJh
a½T0ga&mifpyg;ESHawG t"r®0g'D
OD;armh ayw&mrSm tMurf;zuf
rkwfokHxJrSm jynfolawG toufquf
pmtHoHawGwdwf aqmif;tvSawG ysufcJh&w,f/
rkwfokHxJrSm À aqmif;xJu ESif;&nf
awmfvSefa&;awGquf ESif;&nfxJu rsKd;qufawG
wdrfjymutm;ay; b0udkay;
a0[ifuvufckyfwD; tnMw toufawGpaw;
ESif;qDjzLawG tm;wufcJhMuw,f/ awmfvSefa&;u aoG;ykwfudkaq;
À rdk;&JUedrdwf[m yv’ifodrf;yGJ
a&jyifudkMuufajccwf ½IH;edrfholawG
urf;ajcudkajy;uyf usdefpmqdk
ajcmufaoGUrIudkab;iwf vrif;rsufvHk;rSm
ppfiwfrGwfolwdkYtwGuf ta&mif[yf
Zmwfodrf;cef;c&mrIwf ydawmufeJYtwl
ppfESvHk;emolwdkYtwGuf ryGifhwJhca&awG
at;Nidrf;wJhyef;awmfquf a<ucJh&w,f/
trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf À aqmif;&JUqHNrdwf[m
cJawmifhawGy,f a0[ifudkodrf;
(4) &ufaeY tysKdrudk ta&mifawGudkxdef;
vufqGJEIwfqufzdkY tdkufpyfpyfudkpdrf;
a'gif;jynfudk oHajcusOf;cwfcH&olawG
vTrf;jcHKcJhao;w,f/ jrL;<u
wHcg;txyfxyfaemufolawG
pdwfus
trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf
aMu;pm;awGudkz,f
(4) &ufaeY tysKdrudk
vufcsif;,SufzdkY
a'gif;jynfudk
AsL[mcif;cJhw,f/
694
(11)
À tzdk;rIdif;a&
trsKd;½dkif;awGu
½kyfawGudkcsKyfaESmif
pdwfawGudkydwfavSmif oli,fcsif;awG&JU acwfopfrSmaEG; - atmif
cHpm;rIawGysufjym; tartdk&JU rsuf&nfudkwdwf
qmavmifawGBuD;xGm; cspfolawG&JU pdk;½GHUrIudktdyf
aygufuGJrIudk ESrysKdawG&JU ½dIufoHudkydwf
avjzwfatmif tdrfolawG&JU EGrf;vsrIudkrSdwf - atmif
taoowfaew,f/ trdajr -
À tzqef;a& tzEdkifiHrSm -
trsKd;uef;awGaMumifh rvGwfvyfrIawG
vufxdyftopfeJY usqHk;zdkY
tdyfr&wJhn awmfvSefa&;apmifudktkyf
ausmcif;topfeJY aq;pufcyfrsm;rsm;
tusOf;cswJhn pkwfcsufcyfjyif;jyif;
a'gufajcusOf;eJY awmfvSefa&; yef;csDum;qGJ
wdkufydwfcH&wJhn ighcE¨m urÇmrSm
tdyfrufr[kwfwJh awmfvSefa&; ZD0ydk;rTm;awG
'Dn - x<uaomif;usef;
'Dn - EdkifiHwumrSmtvHpdkuf
awmfvSefa&;rsufpdn awmfvSefa&;twGuf
a&wdrfepfatmif ighonf;ajc
vkyfaeMuw,f/ taerwwfawmhbl;/
À tzdk;rIdif;eJY
tzqef;a& (13)
awmfvSefa&;u 'l;raxmuf À Owå&avawG
awmfvSefa&;u OD;rñGwf tdrfjyeftem;,lwJhtcg
awmfvSefa&;u t½HI;ray; awmifolawG
awmfvSefa&; tzsuform;rsm; ,mrD;½dIUNyD;wJhtcg
pdwfawGarSmufrSm; aumufopfpm;yGJawG
aoG;avacsmufjcm;aew,f/ usif;ywJhtcg
cgumbdk&mZD awmifxdyfa&muf
(12) v&dyfvIHaewJh
À tztdk&JU rajywJha<u; (4) &ufaeYtysKdr
nDtpfudkawG&JU toufeJYaoG; tjrefjyefvmyg/
&JabmfawG&JU acwfa[mif;rSmaqG; À awmfvSefa&;om;ysKdav;
usef;rmygap/
(atmifxeG ;f )
695
ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rI "gwyf t
kH csKUd
Source: Dr KTT (ASO's Students Movement

&efuek w
f uúov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo)
taqmuftODwiG f usi;f ycJaU om tpnf;ta0;
Source: Unknown
'kw,
d urÇmppftNy;D u &efuek w
f uúov kd f
wuúov kd af umifpcD ef;r
t"dywdvrf;qE´jyyGJ (,mzufü tvHuikd Nf y;D qE´jyaeolrmS

udv k aS 0jzpfonf/ 1988ckEpS af emufyikd ;f ü

vlaY bmifopf'rD ukd &ufwpfygw\ D
vTwaf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf urm½GwNf rKd eY ,frS
pm&if;wifoiG ;f Ny;D a½G;aumufyrJG wdik rf wD &ufü e0wrS
zrf;qD;jcif;udck cH &UJ onf/)
S E´jyyGJ (0Jr,
tif;0aqmifa½Y q S m xdik af eolrsm;-
696 udck ifarmiftek ;f ? udak tmifcif? udek efZifvm)
&efuek w
f uúov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ Ouú|rsm;
(1930-1962)
1/ udkausmfcif 1930-31
2/ udkxGef;pdef 1931-32
udkbdk;ul; / udkxGef;pdef EkwfxGufí Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyJGjzifh a½G;cs,fonf/
3/ udkpHazmfatmif 1932-33
4/ udkodef;armif 1933-34
5/ udkzdk;at; 1934-35
6/ udEk k 1935-36
7/ udk&m½Spf 1936-37
8/ udkb*srf; 1937-38
9/ udkatmifqef; 1938-39
udkA[def; / udak tmifqef; oufwrf;ukeaf tmif raqmif½u
G b
f J wdYk Armtpnf;t½H;k
odkY 0ifoGm;í udkA[def; qufvufaqmif½Gufonf/
10/ udkvSa½T 1939-40
11/ udkAaqG 1940-41
12/ udkvSarmif 1941-42
('kwd,urÇmppftwGif; wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ zJGYpnf;jcif;r½Sdyg/)
13/ udkoef; 1945-46

14/ udkoef;armif (ol&d,) 1946-47
15/ udkpdefvS 1947-48
16/ udk&efa0; 1948-49
17/ udkarmifarmifausmf 1949-50
18/ udkudkav; 1950-51
19/ udkpdefbef; 1951-52
20/ udkudkBuD; 1952-53
(1953-54 wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ a½G;aumufyGJysufí wuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾ r½Sday/)
21/ udkwifxGef; 1954-55

22/ udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) 1955-56
23/ udkpodef;[ef 1956-57
24/ udkpdk;odef; 1957-58
25/ udkcifarmiftkef; 1958-59
26/ udkvSwif 1959-60
27/ udkwifat; 1960-61
28/ udkAaqGav; 1961-62
697

Myanmar Student Movement 2c

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Myanmar Student Movement 2c

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Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif

Nird ;f csr;f a&; 'Dru

(u) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if v

ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJusif;y&mü A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDwGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS

ynma&;0efBuD; OD;ausmfZHuvnf; <ua&mufrdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/

xJrSm ausmif;taqmuftODeJY ausmif;oHk;qdkif&m ypönf;rsm;[m 61% avmufygoGm;w,f/ rysufqD;bJusefcJhwJh

a½SUrSmvnf; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efqdkwJh tcsufudkrlwnfNyD; 'Dvdkaqmif½GufoGm;Mu&if; uRefawmfwdkYeJYwuG

rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ\yHkpHrsm;udk xyfrHía&;om; wifjyvdkufygaMumif;/

wdik ;f jynf&nfreS ;f &m yef;wdik o

odYktwGuf wuorS xyfrwH u

OD;pD;tzGJUudk azmfjyygtwdkif; wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfor*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;uspD yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;

jyóemw&yfudk tawGUtMuHKtoD;oD;ESifh,SOfí ESD;aESmzvS,fMuNyD;aemuf xdktajctae odkYr[kwf jyóem&yfrsm;udk

(C) ynmoifMum;pepf acwfrD&rnf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh vlYavmu tquftpyf½Sd&rnf/

(2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifUydwfyifrIaMumifU jzpfay:vmwwfaomtEå&m,f

jzKwyf pfjcif;) q&mrsm;cefYtyf&mü ygwDtvdkusqdk&mwGif ,aeYvufawGUvkyfae&mü tv,fwef;? txufwef;ausmif;

(3) txufyg ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhoabmxm;

þuJhodkY rdefYcGef;ajymMum;jcif;? pmwrf;rsm; wifjyjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ ynma&;0g'ESifh ynma&;&nfrSef;

wrf;rsm;wGif yg½SdNyD; jzpfygaMumif;/

jzpfí oD;jcm;aumfr½Siftvdkuf wifjyonfh pmwrf;rsm;wGif yg½Sdygonf/

(c) Edik if jH cm;c&D;pOfrsm;

(tay:-0J) wuoOuú| udpk ;kd ode;f u ausmif;om;txdr;f

(atmuf) wuo Ouú| udpk ;kd ode;f tm; twif;ucdik ;f &mwGif

(*) 1958-59 ck wuoa&G;aumufyJG

(C) yÍörtBurd af jrmuf wuúov

pkaygif;wdkufyGJ0ifMu&eftwGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSjy|mef;vdkufaom oabmwlnDcsufrsm;

2/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJ&efESifh wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaiG wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?

wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifU oufqdkifaomta&;ESifU ywfoufí atmufygtwdkif; xkwfjyefjy|mef;vdkufaMumif;

aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS atmufygtMuHay;csufrsm;udk jy|mef;vdkufaMumif;

twdkcsKyfqdk&vQif tajccHOya'wGif þrGefjrwfvSaom cGJxGufEdkifonfh tcGifhta&;udk tcdkiftrm xnfhoGif;

- e,fcsJYolvQKd udk,fusKd;½Smorm; tmPm½l; trsKd;om;opömazmuf OD;xGef;at;udk 0dkif;y,fMu

&efuek Nf rKdUwGif arG;zGm;cJo

1954-55 ckEpS f wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ wGif td;k a0r*¾Zif;t,f'w

1958 ckwiG f zqyvESpjf crf;uGNJ yD; Edik if aH &;ajymif;vJrrI sm;jzpfc\

(1958 ck? Mo*kwf 9 &ufrS 13 &uf)

armfvNrKid Of ypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;or*¾

(0J) ES;D aESmzvS,yf u

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif

Nird ;f csr;f a&; 'Dru

(u) 1959-60 wuoa½G;aumufyJG

awmif;yef&rnf[k qufvuftusyfudkifvmonf/ or*¾trIaqmiftzGJUonf tcsdefumvtajctaersm;udk Munfh½I

(c) td;k a0r*¾Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efccH surf sm;

txufyg0efcHcsufrsm;twdkif; xm0pOfvdkufem&ef wm0ef,lygonf/

(*) rGejf ynfe,fazmfxw

(i) wuo? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKy?f &uowdOhk ;D pD;usi;f yaom ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;tqdrk sm;

(p) q|rtBurd af jrmuf ArmEdik if v

obmywd udkaZmf0if; rdefYcGef;ajymMum;&mwGif-

MuzdkY? a½SUausmif;om;tusKd;jyK ynma&;wm0efrsm;twGufrS rSefuefwdusaom ynma&;vkyfief;pOfw&yfudk pkaygif;

qdk&if vlwpkeJYpDpOfpOf;pm; aqmif½Gufwmxuf uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;awG&JUqE´udk cH,lavhvm aqG;aEG;oifhw,f

xdkYaemuf trIaqmiftzGJU\ tpD&ifcHpmudk taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkvSjrifhu wifoGif;cJhonf/

wef;cGJ? wef;cspepfwdkufyGJ0if pmwrf;udk wifoGif;cJhonf/ pmar;yGJrsm;ppfaq;&mwGif wcsKdUEdkifiHrsm; txl;

rSwcf su-f þaMunmcsufonf ,cktpdk;&toHk;jyKaeaom (A-3) pepfESifhrwl/ wuúodkvf? Oypm? odyÜHpmar;yGJrsm;wGif

(c) a½G;aumufyrJG sm;- 1959-60 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;wdkYudk a½G;aumufyGJ

(*) trIaqmiftzG-YJ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 1959-60 \ yxrtBudrf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;yGJudk

(C) qyfaumfrwDrsm;- tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufwm0efcHwdkYudk ajymif;vJcefYtyf&ef (4) Budrfajrmuf

(i) tzGiYJ ,frsm;twGuf wuoud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;- &efuek w

(p) trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rsm;- wuotrIaqmif tpnf;ta0;udk tBudrfaygif; (19) BudrfrQusif;ycJhonf/ tdk;a0

rdbjynfolwdkY\ jyóemt&yf&yfwdkYonf om;orD;rsm;jzpfaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\ ta&;tcif;rsm;om

(*) wJtdrfa½TYajymif;aom &ufa½TYa&; / / &efukefjrLeDpDy,frS &efukefNrdKUtwGif;½Sd a½TUajymif;&ef usef½Sdaeao;aom

(u) ausmif;om;oHk;OD; ausmif;0ifcGifUy,fjcif; / / &efukefwuúodkvfwGif wuoESifhwuG ausmif;om;xktm;

oGm;&mrS AdkvfcsKyftpdk;& wufvmcsdefwGif ajAmifzdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;yif jyKrlvmawmhonf/

(c) atmufwdkbmausmif;aqmifaecGifU / / atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;ESifh

3/ xdkta&;aMumifh q&mausmif;om; yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;ESifh cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&; ysufjym;roGm;ap&ef/

(*) atmufwdkbmv0ufxrif;zdk; / / atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;aqmifaeaom ausmif;ol^om;rsm; ausmif;

() trIaqmiftzG-YJ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or¾ 1959-60 \ yxrtBudrf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;yGJudk

(Z) or¾0ifaMu;aumufcHay;&ef / / 1954 ckESpfrSpí or¾aMu;rsm;udk ausmif;0ifonfESifh wNydKifeuf

(i) tdk;a0r¾Zif;Xme / / tdk;a0r¾Zif;onf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ a<u;aMumfoHjzpfonf/

() qyfaumfrwDrsm; / / &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or¾\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf; tcef;(10)? t