Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 28

*sme,f

uAsm? twdki y f ifcHem,mursm;


udkouf? armifpifMu,f? EdkifArm? pdk;oD[ wifr;kd (tar&du)
armifpif=u,f (=opa=w;vs)
aqmif;yg;
wifr;kd (t,f'w D mhtmabmf) vli,fah Mu;rH-k 3 pm 2 wm0efcHt,f'Dwm

armifpGrf;&nf OD;0if;wif\ajc&mrsm;(ed*;kH ydik ;f ) pm 4 rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,ftzJ@G om;rsm;


xufyikd pf ;kd (MTK) jrefrmvlrsK;rd sm;udv
k nf;... pm 6 rsufESmzHk;'DZdki ;f
om;aqG 0ef;&H? qefYusif? nDnTwfpGmjzihf pm 8
vGiaf tmifp;kd
a0rdk; idak <u;aewJvh Ul tcGit
hf a&; pm 9
aMu;rHOk ;D aomif; ol&aJ umif;rif;udEk ikd o
f yYkd efMum;vTm pm 12 jzef@csda&;
ud&k w
J if(h em*d,k m) 080 3628 9979
armifzdk;aZmf rd;k aomufMu,fpmtkypf if pm 14
0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 82 1965 65712
oa&mfpm^twdt
Yk xd rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 4969 689
udBk u;D ay: uoduatmift h awG;rsm; pm 10 aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582
armifyn k (MopaMw;vs) jrefrmjynfuvmwJeh wf½yk &f iS f pm 18
rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,ftwGuf pmrlrsm; ay;
tusOf;pH&Jabmfrsm;\&ifzGifhoHrsm; ydk@vdkygu vwv. 20 &ufae@ aemufqHk;
------------------------------ vlUtcGit
hf a&;aeUtaMumif; pm 16 xm;I atmufyg zuf(pf)/ zke;f eHygw/f vdypf m/
tD;ar;(vf)wd@k rSwqifh qufo, G af y;yd@k =uyg&ef
eufay:u[morsm; av;pm;pGmjzifh arwWm&yfct H yfygonf?
? tmumrdu
k w
f ;D 'gqdk&ifrvdkygbll;? b,ftcsdef&SdNyDvJ pm 28 roH;k jzpfonfph mrlrsm;udk jyefvnfay;yd@k rnf
r[kwyf g?
tzrf;tqD;owif; (81)3 3364 5163 (81)3 3437 4739
armeif;pwm;wifp;kd Mum;vdu
k &f aomtoHrsm; pm 21 (81)3 3824 7448 (81)3 5394 4535
(81)5 2654 4186
tifwmeufowif;rsm;
armif&Sif? armifBuD;? armifi,f? urÇmoh wif;? jrefrmowif;rsm; T 161-0033
armifarmifatmif? pdk;oD[? 0if;ay:armif pm 23 SHINJUKU-KU,
SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7,
umwGef; OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301,
Armwdik ;f &if;om; 0vH;k (rzrf;rcsi;f -wdu
k sK)d pm 26 TOKYO, JAPAN
ahhara@hotmail.com
tvSL&Sifpm&if;rsm; mtk@s2.dion.ne.jp
av;av;(wdu
k sK)d vpOfaiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf; pm 27
rd;k aomuf=u,frS ESpo
f pfr*FvmE_wc
f e
G ;f qufpum; pmrl&iS rf sm;ESiq
hf ufo,
G Ef ikd &f ef vdypf mESihf w,fvzD ek ;f
eHygwfrsm; yl;wJaG y;ydŒk apvdyk gonf?
rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h ukd rf S OD;pD;xkwaf 0aom rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,f wd;k wufvmapa&;
twGuf apwem arwWmxm;+y;D tzufzuf rS pmrlrsm; cs;D jri‡ ahf y;yd@k =uaom jynfya&muf jrefrmpmay rd;k aomuf-u,f*sme,f twJG 1 trSwf 1 wGif
ynm&Si}f u;D rsm;/ pmay&Jabmfrsm;/ 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnyD yhH ;kd =uaom nDtudak rmifErS taygi;f wd@k tm; aus;Zl;
txl;wif&ydS ga=umif;ESihf ESpo f pfrmS r*Fvmtaygi;f ESihf jynf0=uygap[k E_wcf eG ;f qufo&if;æ pmvH;k aygif; trSm;t,Gi;f rsm;&Scd yhJ gojzifh tE+;t!$wf
ud, k pf w
d Ef pS jf zm use;f rm csr;f om=uygapvd@k vnf; rd;k aomuf=u,ftzJ@G om;rsm;rS qkreG af umif; awmif;yeftyfygonf?
xyfavmif;awmif;vdu k yf gonf?
pg-2
t,f'w
D mtmabmf uAsm
vli,fha-u;rHk=3 apwem
vli,fwikd ;f rSm ordik ;f &Sw
d ,f? vlom;wd@k urBmrSm
twˆKyw ~ &dW w
dS ,f? apwem ta&mifvr$ ;f &if
udk,fhordkif;udk,f rSJ@pGef;rJS@ajymuf txifrcH atmifjrif +idr;f csr;f rSmyJ?
&bl;? Oyrm ³³³ uAsmawG pmawG
oef@pifatmif t+rJ yGww f u
kd f aq;a=um&r,f? bmawGyJ a&; a&;yg
ordik ;f rSmtpGe;f xifr&d if awmfawmfe@J raysmuf? jzLazG;wJh oif&h @J apwemudk
a=umufp&mtvGeaf umif;w,f? azmfjywmyJ r[kwv f m;
'ga=umifh ud, k o hf rdik ;f udzk yG yf gæ? av#myf gæ? oef@pifygapæ? apwemw&m; aumif;&if
‘owd’onf‘qm;’/ ‘uAsm’onf‘ysm;’wJæ h ? trSm;uif;atmifaeygav? pmaumif;rSm trSeyf ?J
pdw"f gwcf eG t f m;wd;k yGm;atmif twˆKyw ` pdW mawG rsm;rsm;zwfay;zd@k vdrk ,f?
Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;twˆKyw ` zdW wf&&if ±d;k om;jcif;u xif;xif;ay:w,f? ynma&; pD;yGm;a&; Edik if aH &;
ajzmifrh wfwmudk awG@&r,f? 'Dta&;awGrmS vJ
apwemyJ ta&;}uD;w,f?
ud, k uf sK;d r=unf/h trsm;tusK;d ud=k unfw h wfwmudk od&r,f?
pHerlem,lp&mjzpf&yfawGukd trSw&f &jzpfaer,f? ynm oifjyaewJh q&m
wcsK› qd &kd if ‘*sme,fausmrf rav;’a&;wJh ‘olvv kd ’l udzk wfrv
d @kd owif;pmq&m/ pma&;q&m apwemaumif;&if
‘*sme,fausmOf ;D cspaf rmif’udk tm;usr/d pHxm;rdw,f? pmoifwhJ ol@ausmif;u
olvpkd w d "f gwrf sK;d udk av;jrwf=unfnKd rw d ,f? vlawmf vlaumif;av;awG
‘Aef;armfwifatmif’wdk@/ tcktusOf;pHowif;pmq&m}uD;‘OD;wif;0if’wdk@[m ‘*sme,fausmf xGuaf y:aerSmyJ?
OD;cspaf rmif’udk tm;ðycJw h yhJ *k Kd~ vaf wGyg?
aumif;wmawGtwk,al wmh aumif;wJph w d "f gwaf wGu;l pufw,f? aumif;wJt h usiphf m&dwu W kd pD;yGm;a&;bufrmS vJ
tm;usarG;jrLrdw,f? ud,
k t
hf wGuo f m =unfah e&if
tqifajyygrh vm;/
‘OD;ae0if;’twˆKyw ` u dW kd a'guw f marmifarmifua&;cJw h ,f? pdw0f ifwpm;zwf=unfrh yd gw,f?
r#wwJh pdwx f m;eJ@ pD;yGm;&Sm
aqmif&efr[kw?f a&Smif&efoifcef;pmawG&cJw h ,f?
atmifjrifvmrSmyJ?
ol@&J@ raumif;wJph ±du k q f ;kd awG ±kyv f ;kH ay:aewmjrif&w,f?
pma&;ol‘a'guw f marmifarmif’uawmh ukÏElemudak ±$cs/ oeyfcg;vl;ay;wmyJ? urBm@Eikd if aH &;rSmvJ
'gayrJh yifudk,fuykyfaeavawmh nD‡pdk@pdk@ ykyftJhtJhteH@uraysmuf? tJ'DtwˆKy`wWduawmh acgi;f aqmifom apwemrG&J if
pHðyp&mtwˆKyw ` rdW [kw?f wdik ;f jynfqif;&JwmyJ?
a0;a0;ua&Smif&rJh o±kyaf qmifZmwfaumifawGjzpfw,f?
twˆKyw ` adW wGzwf&wmaumif;w,f? &ifraS rG;zGm;wJh aoG;om;vdk
aqmif&ef/ a&Smif&efawGukd a0zefpOf;pm;csichf sed Ef ikd w f ,f? jynfol jynfom;ay:rSm
azmfa&GpmG apwemxm;&if
‘rmef0ifum tvS*% k uf ;kd ol&@J
atmifjrif wd;k wufomG ;rSmyJ?
tefcsipf &m igyh u
kH qd;k a&mhovm;’wJæ h ?
(OD;zd;k pde}f u;D &J@ rif;ukoidck si;f rS) t&mtm;vk;H rSm
apwem ta&;}uD;qk;H yJav?

udo
k uf
wifr;kd ( Edk0ifbm 28/ 2004 )
15-01-2003
e,fomvefEidk if H
u csD;jri‡ ahf om
(prince clause
award)qkukd
q&m(OD;)wifr;kd
vufc&H ,laepOf
yHrk sm;?
Pg-3
twˆKy`wadW qmif;yg;
OD;0if;wif&‹J ajc&mrsm;(ed*;kH ydik ;f )
armifprG ;f &nf

ao;w,f? pdw"f gwrf usb;l ? 'l;raxmufb;l ? bmoma&;pmtkyf


tJ'w D ek ;f u OD;0if;wif usaemft h yJ zwfciG ahf y;w,fq&kd ifvJ bmoma&;pmtkyaf wGyJ
em;rSm vmxdkif+yD; wdkif;jynftem taomrowfzwfw,f? axmifuxGu&f if q&myg&
*wftwGuf vkypf &mawGe@J okaw *le@J tòyifa&;r,fv@dk owif;yd@k awmh q&myg&*luvJ
oevkyx f m;oifw h u hJ pd aP wGukd ajym 0rf;omtm;& óuqdak eav&J@?
=u&if; olvckd siw f hJ pmtkypf mwrf; wcgw&H aq;±H}k u;D tcsKycf ef;a&muf&ifawmh w
awG pkaqmif;xm;ay;zd@k wdu k w f eG ;f yg jcm;pmtkyaf wGyg zwfciG ðhf yw,f? wu,fawmh pmay
w,f? OD;axG;jrifhuawmh ckavm pDppfa&;u pdww f ikd ;f us ðzwfxw k jf zwf+y;D rS cGiðhf ycsuf
avmq,f vdck siw f mu wuUov kd f eJ@±du k w f hJ pmtkyaf wGcsn;f ygy?J OD;0if;wifu wcgawmh
ESpfig;q,f txdrf;trSwfpmtkyf uAsmpmtkyaf wGcsn;f zwfcsiw f ,fv@kd xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
awGyq J v kd @kd tdrrf mS &Sw d m jyef,al y; qdv k @kd aemufq;kH xkwaf 0jzpfwhJ tif'g;qif;yHjk yifq&m
vduk &f ygao;w,f? udak y:OD;oufvJ rH±k mG udt k ahH rmif&@J ‘60’uAsmaygi;f csKyw f tky/f armif
rEWav;uvmw,f/ avmuewfrmS aygupf nf(ref;wuUov kd )f &J@ ‘vdi_ ;f ykwo f ’H uAsmpm
yJ wnf;cdkw,fvdk@ OD;0if;wifajym tkyf/ armifcdkifrm&J@ ‘&Sifr’uAsmpmtkyfeJ@ armifpGrf;
wae@rSmawmh ud0k if;cuf/ armifu, kd /k udrk ;kd ol wd@k wmeJ@ tcrf;tem;qH;k awmh udw k ifr;kd eJ@ usaemfw h @kd &nf&@J tarhac:oH’uAsmpmtkyf wd@k udk pkay;vdu k f
eJ@twl 0*~&D yfuu G &f /dS usaemft h rd af &Su› kd a&mufvmyg ay:OD;oufqu D kd wef;ajy;=uygw,f? udak y:OD;oufukd awmh oltvGew f ufºuoGm;+y;D uAsmawGukd ESv;kH om;
w,f? um;armif;oluawmh avol&w J OD;ayg?h 0*~&D yf wwfoyd nm&Sif tzG@J xJ0ifz@kd oGm;ajym=ur,fayg?h [dk puULay:rSm tqufrjywfa&;aea=umif; owif;
uGux f u J tdrq f w kd mu 2002 ckEpS f {+yrD mS ppftyk pf k usawmh ay:OD;oufu tzJ@G 0iftjzpf vufc+H y;D ae+y?D aumif;awG =um;&ygw,f?
u nOfeh ufoef;aumif wyfaxmifumAdv k x f ek @J vlpk Adou k mOD;ausmrf if; tajy;tv$m;vmajymoGm;+yw D ?hJ OD;0if;wif[m pmpHka&;EdkifpGrf;&Sdol jzpfygw,f?
+y;D Oya'rJzh suq f ;D wm cHvu kd &f wJt h rd yf g? olw@kd vm& ta&;awmfyu kH mvrSm usaemfw@kd ae@wdik ;f qH=k u armif0efZif;trnf pmtkyaf 0zefcsuaf &;ovd/k ay:
wJt h a=umif;u 'Dru kd a&pDa&;eJ@ ppftyk pf ðk ywfusa&; w,f? òr@xJrmS qd&k ifawmh py,fO;D pmtkyw f u kd rf mS qHk opftrnfe@J yef;csaD 0zefpmtkyaf wGvJ a&;ygw,f?
twGuf olw@kd yl;wJaG &;xm;wJh a=ujimcsuu f kd axmuf wwf=u&J@? rif;odc/F a&Sa› e pma&;q&m armifwifa±$/ ‘tvS&mS yHak wmf’qdw k hJ pmtky[ f m yef;cso D rdik ;f eJ@ yef;csD
cHvufrw S x f ;kd ay;zd@k ygy?J olw@kd a&;xm;wmu t+y;D r armif0o H / armifr;kd ol? wae@awmh py,fO;D rSm udrk ;kd ol a0zefcsuaf wGjzpfygw,f? yef;csjD yyJaG wGrmS OD;0if;wife@J
owfao;bl;? usaemfu olw@kd udk ,H=k unfre_ @J zwf eJ@ usaemf toHcspJ› ufaumif;aumif;&&Sad &; aqG;aEG; twl yef;csu D m;awG=unf&h wm t&omydx k ;l ygw,f?
awmifr=unhb f J vufrw S x f ;kd vduk af wmh wcsK› v d al wG =uw,f? a±$w*d rkH mS a':atmifqef;pk=unf w&m;yJG olu pdw&f n S vf uf&n S ef @J a0zefjywwfygw,f? yef;csD
jiif;wmudk ñucH &hJ wJh avol&w J OD;u usaemfu h kd txl; usi;f yzd@k yg? “'Dae@ olrvmEdik b f ;l æ/ udrk ;kd olukd ol@qD qdik &f m *d% k ;f / pepf/ txm;tod/k t a&mifpwmawGukd
tqef;tjzpf ol@rSww f rf;pmtkyrf mS rSww f rf;wifxm; jyefvw $ vf u kd yf gæ”qdw k meJ@ udrk ;kd olu “rif;yJ usL&Sif pepfwus a0zefjywmyg? ‘tvS&SmyHkawmf’pmtkyf
ygw,f? usaemh&f aJ bmf armifomEd;k wd@k / armifwifr;kd q&mawGqDoGm;+yD; toHcs›JpufudpP ajymvdkufay [m yef;csv D il ,fawG&@J vufppJG mtkyw f tkyyf g?
wd@k vJ vufrw S x f ;kd +y;D =u+yaD v? usaemfu “ud, k vhf l awmhæ”qd+k y;D usaemfu h kd xm;&pfygw,f? aemufae@ jrefrmtutzJG@ t*FvefpwJh EdkifiHawGudkoGm;
awGvyk w f m raumif;yJ&ydS grh vm;æ”qd+k y;D vufrw S f rSmawmh OD;0if;wifyJ OD;pD;+y;D pma&;q&mor*~ zJ@G vdu k f awmh OD;0if;wifvu kd o f mG ;&zl;w,f? trmpde&f @J tu
xd;k ±Hrk u olw@kd eJ@twl xvdu k +f y;D aZmf*s/D rif;ok0%f +ywD ?hJ tpu OD;0if;wifOuUXvd@k em;vnfxm;ayrJh udk owif;ay;aqmif;yg;a&;om;&mrSm zwf&olawG
tdraf wGyg oGm;=uygw,f? q&mwd@k uvJ “rif;wd@k vkyf OD;0if;wifu trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyrf mS Edik if aH &; tvsit f jywf rcHEikd af vmufatmif &oajrmufvyS g
wmyJæ”qdw k hJ oabmeJ@ygy?J pum;rqH;k cif vuf udk tcsed jf y!fh aZmufcsvyk rf ,fq+kd y;D 'kw, d OuUX ae w,f? ‘ajcwGipf um; vufzsm;uAsm’ qdw k hJ trnfe@J
rSwx f ;kd ay;vdu k =f uygw,f? 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd hJ toH=um; &mudyk J vufcw H ,fv@kd =um;&ygw,f? tutEkynma0zefa&;pmwapmif wzJG@jzpfvm
wmeJ@ +y;D oGm;wmyg? q&m}u;D awGpw d x f rJ mS rsKdoyd cf hJ OD;0if;wifukd zrf;+yq D akd wmh rawmfwa&mftr_e@J awmh pmaytEkynmavmuom;awGu cs;D usL;=uyg
&wm =um+yrD [kwv f m;? w&m;pJq G akd =umif; =um;vdu k &f ygw,f? ‘tr_onfe@J w,f ? uAsmbuf r S m qd k & if v J =unf a tmif & J @
trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy±f ;kH zGi+hf yq D akd wmh OD;0if; zke;f qufv@kd ’wJ?h uAsmtrSmpmwyk'[ f m ajymprSwðf y=u&ygw,f?
wifw@kd wpkv;kH ±H;k csKyrf mS yJ tcsed u f ek yf gw,f? wae@ aemufawmh axmifxrJ mS pmapmifjzef@a0r_/ ukv c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;pmtkyq f &kd if OD;0if;wif&@J ‘urBm
awmh ±H;k csKyt f ay:xyfuw kd ufomG ;wJt h cg OD;0if;wif or*~ukd jrefrmtusO;f axmif tajctaeqd;k awG o eDwiG f w'*F’qdw k hJ pmtky[ f m &ifu h suw f hJ owif;pm
u “'g OD;vGiyf AJ sæ? cifAsm;eJ@ ±kycf si;f qifv@kd vlrmS ; wif;yd@k r_a=umifw h ?hJ vGwcf ge;D rS aemufxyf 11 ESp/f q&m&J@ t&nftaoG;tjyif ol@&J@ EdkifiHa&;tjrif/
wmawmif&w dS ,fæ”vd@k ajymajymqdq k kd rdwq f ufay; aemufxyf 7 ESp?f tJovdk trsK;d rsK;d npf+y;D wd;k oGm; aemufcAH [kow k udyk g tuJcwfciG hf &Edik yf gw,f? ck
ygw,f? +y;D awmh atmufqif;vdu k v f mw,f? ±H;k 0if; vku d w f m =umav ravsmyh /J =umav wd;k avjzpfaeyg vdk ^m%frD;awmufwJh t±G,faumif;rSm &ifhusuf
xJ/ jcpH nf;tajcrSm opfv;kH }u;D awG csxm;wm&Sw d ,f? awmhw,f? oH;k ESpu f ae ESpaf ygi;f ESpq f ,fxd wd;k oGm; vm+yq D akd wmh ol@pmawG ydak umif;vmr,fqw kd m rvJG
opfv;kH awGay:rSm OD;0if;cuf/ OD;csr;f at;/ Adv k af omfu/ wJt h cg axmifxrJ mS vJ w&m;Oya'eJ@tnD vlvo kd v l kd Edik yf gb;l ?
armifu, kd /k udw k ifr;kd / armifr;kd ol/ udak xG;jrif/h ud0k o H rxm;awmh a&m*gawGw;kd vmygw,f? ol@crsm ppftusO;f axmifxrJ mS r[kwyf /J zqyv
wd@k wef;pDxikd af ewufygw,f? olw@kd wawG wwfod vnfyif;±d;k a=u;aygi;f wwfowJ?h aoG;wd;k owJ?h tusO;f axmifrmS qd&k ifawmif pmtkyaf wG trsm;}u;D
ynm&Sit f zG@J zJ@G =uawmh obmywdu uAsmq&m tlusowJ?h oGm;udu k o f wJ?h rsupf u d ukd of wJ?h qD; a&;om;jzpfaerSmyJv@kd atmufarhqifjcif&if; 'Dru kd a&
wifr;kd ? tzJ@G xJrmS pdik ;f xD;qdik yf gwmudv k J owd&rdyg usw d af ,mifowJ?h a&m*g!e$ @f aygi;f jzpfaeyg+y?D 'gayrJh pDwefz;kd ukyd J wd;k vd@k cspjf rwfE;kd ae&ygw,f? r=um;0Hh
pg-4
twˆKy`wadW qmif;yg;
remomajym&&if udv k ekd t D usO;f axmifurS 'Dxuf [efvrd hf *sme,fuv kd nf; olu, kd wf ikd f xkwcf ohJ yl g? '*kewf m&meJ@vJ
tH;k r,f? tdE, Nd u Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;udk rEWav;axmify@kd oli,fcsif;aygh? vlxkOD;vS/ vlxka':trmwdk@qdkwm
vdu k af wmh a&ul;uefvckd siw f ,fæ? pm=unfw h u kd v f ckd siw f ,f OD ; tk e f ; jrif h e J @ nD t ud k armif E S r t&if ; vd k aewmyg?
pojzifh awmif;&if tukeaf y;&qdyk ?J 'DrmS awmh avmfppf[ef vlxka':trmudk ‘rrrm’ vdk@ ac:wmyg? 'ga=umifh
wd@k avmufyJ tcGix hf ;l &zl;w,fq&J@? bde;f bk&ifr@kd aygæ h ? ociftkef;jrifhudk *sme,fausmf OD;cspfarmif/ vlxkOD;vS/
OD;0if;wif[m ckq&kd if axmifxrJ mS yJ touf 75 ESpf jynfyh g vlxak ':trmwd@k eJ@wef;wl q&mvdk rdbvdk OD;0if;wifuvJ
awmhr,f? olu 1930 jynfEh pS /f rufv 12 &ufrmS zGm;olqkd oabmxm;ygw,f?
awmh touf 73 jynfh yg+y?D ol@Zmwdu óu@yifaumufv@kd avxD;OD;tke;f armif/ ocifoed ;f armif/ ociftek ;f jrif/h OD;
=um;zl;w,f? bde;f pm;baomf0wˆKa&;wJh owd;k xGe;f (q&m xGe;f a0/ a'guw f moef;xGe;f / a':cifEiS ;f ,k/ a':cifaqGO;D /
}uD;OD;odkufxGef;)eJ@ yef;csDq&m}uD; OD;rif;Edkifwdk@[m oleJ@ a':uvsmpwJh &efuek u f rdwaf qG}u;D rsm;[m rEWav;u
ausmif;aezufawGv@kd rSw&f zl;w,f? &efuek w f uUov kd rf mS tarvlxak ':trmarG;ae@wdik ;f wtHw k r}u;D oGm;avh&ydS g
oli,fcsif;udb k *srf; t*Fvyd pf may/ acwfopf&mZ0ife@J Edik if aH &; odyb H` momwJu G kd w,f? olw@kd udk tarvlxak ':trmeJ@ OD;Zif;udyk nmwd@k
(wifr;kd )&J@orD; ,l+y;D 0dZm… bG@J &cJw h myg? atmufwb kd m ausmif;om;ta&; wawG/ ta&;w}u;D ar;=uwJo h wif;xJrmS “OD;0if;wifw
a'guw f mrd;k rd;k awmfyjkH zpfymG ;wJh 1953 rSm pmayAdrmef vufaxmuft,f'D a,muf usef;rm&J@vm;æ”qdkwmygyJ? &efukefjyef&if
ZeD;armifEu HS wmjzpfaeyg+y?D OD;Zif;u axmifwGif;a&muf udk0if;wifwdk@/ udkrdk;olwdk@
trfpwm'rfwcGi/f 1955 ckEpS u f 1957 ckEpS t f xd aeomvifEikd if /H trfpwm óuuf wufwhJ ‘pm;awmfcsu[ f if;’qdw k mrsK;d ukd xJah y;
'rfòr@/ Zrfbmwefpmtkyx f w k af 0a&;ukr% ` rD mS pmayAdrmeft vdu k w f ufygw,f? axmifxrJ mS 0rf;av#ma&m*g jzpfrmS pd;k
b,fv*f sD,rf
wGuf vlxo k yd u H` sr;f rsm;eJ@ ESpif g;q,f,Ofaus;r_qikd &f m/ ESpif g; vd@k qd+k y;D ay;cGirhf &bl;? wcgw&Hawmh [dv k l onfval wG
wcGio f mru q,fpmaya&;&m/ ESpif g;q,fEikd if aH &;&mpwJh ESpif g;q,fpmtkyf aiGp+k y;D ud0k if;wifw@kd zd@k qd+k y;D ay;vdu k w f mrsK;d awGvJ awG@&
jyifopfuykd g wJrG sm;udk wnf;jzwf±u kd Ef ydS xf w k af 0&if; yHEk ydS yf nmeJ@ owif;pm ygw,f?
e,fausmf+y;D ynmwd@k udyk g qnf;yl;cJw h ,f? owif;pOfwck xkw+f y;D Oa&my OD;0if;wifukd pme,fZif;vGwv f yfciG qhf wk ck/ ,leufpudk
vku d yf @kd awmh a&muf jrefrmynmawmfoifawGtwGuf owif;jzef@cscd w hJ ,f? tzJ@G u 2001 ckEpS rf mS cs;D jri‡ yhf gw,f? Guiller mo Cano
Aif*;kd / owif;aqmif;yg;wyk'u f kd 'ufcsb f momeJ@a&;+y;D / owif;pmxJ World Press Freedomqkv@kd ac:ygw,f? 'Dqu k kd ol@
rSm xnfh oGi;f zl;wmudk jrefrmpme,fZif;wckrmS yJvm;æ´ ol@ ud, k af &;ud, k w f mtwGuf roH;k &uf&mS bl;? “usaemfu
±lqifw@kd tjyif
tdrrf mS vm;rod/ usaemfawG@&zl;ygw,f? awmh b,fawmh rS vufrajrm‡ uf/ 'l;raxmufb;l æ?
tjcm;jywdu k af wG usaemf trfpwm'rfòr@udak &mufomG ;awmh usaemf&h aJ bmf axmifxrJ mS yJ taocHomG ;r,f? olq&k wJah iGukd pm
trsKd;rsKd;udk }uD ; OD ; 0if ; wif u d k u saemf t xl ; owd & rd w ,f ? ol i ,f e,fZif; qkwqktjzifh vli,fpme,fZif;orm;awGukd
a&muf&aygu&f wJt h cg- csi;f udb k *sr;f (wifr;kd )&J@orD; a'guw f mrd;k rd;k ZeD;armifEu HS
ay;zd@k apmifh a&Smufay;ygæ”vd@k jyifyu ol@rdwaf qG
“'Dvrf;uav#mufrmS jzifh trfpwm'rfw cGi/f b,fv*f s, D rfwcGio f mru jyifopfuykd g
e,f a usmf + yD ; vk d u f y d k @ awmh Aif * d k ; / ±l q if w d k @ tjyif
ol&Jaumif;awGudk vSrf;+yD;rSm=um;ygw,f? v$J
ig&h aJ bmf tyfygw,f? ol roH;k ygb;l ?
tjcm;jywdkufawGtrsKd;rsKd; udk a&muf&ayguf&wJhtcg
igrh w d af qG}u;D OD;0if;wifu vlxOk ;D vSe@J vlxak ':trmudk rdbvdk o
'D v rf ; uav#muf r S m jzif h “igh &J a bmf igh r d w f a qG } uD ;
ud0k if;wifwa,muf udk0if;wifwa,muf av#mufvSrf;cJhrSmyJæ? wcgwav abmxm;ygw,f? OD;vSu, G v f eG +f y;D aemuf &efuek u f kd vlxk
av#mufvrS ;f cJrh mS yJæ? ol@ajc&mawGay:udak wmif igeif;rdaumif; eif;rdae rSmyJv@kd ” a':trmwa,mufwnf;vmawmh rdwaf qGtrd w f tdru f
wcgwav awG;rd+y;D ajcvSr;f awG rSm;rdygw,f? xrif;pm;zdw+f y;D vlo;kH av;q,f qHyk aGJ v; ðyvkyaf y;w,f?
trfpwm'rfrmS pme,fZif;toif; wckcu k &kd mS +y;D awG@qHzk @kd tJ'DyJGrSm OD;0if;wifvJ pum;ajymw,f? “usaemfhtar
ol@ajc&mawGay:udak wmif
pdwu f ;l rdygao;w,f? ud, k &hf aJ bmf}u;D ta=umif;udk ar;csif t&if;&J@ trnfuvJ a':trmyJjzpfygw,f? usaemfav;
igeif;rdaumif; pm;=unfnKd whJ owif;pmq&mr}u;D uvJ a':trmygy?J 'g
w,f? olw@kd rod&ifvnf; ud, k o f wd mawGukd ajymjycsiw f ,f?
eif;rdaerSmyJv@kd ” a=umifh owif;pmq&mr}u;D vlxak ':trm[m usaemfh
olw@kd taeeJ@ olw@kd Edik if rH mS owif;pmynmawGukd tajcðycJzh ;l
awG;rd+y;D wJh olw@kd &Jabmf}u;D wa,muf &efuek af xmifxrJ mS 10 ESpf taryJjzpfygw,fæ”vk@d vdu _ v f u _d v f vSJ SJ aºu;a=umfa=u
ajcvSr;f awG ausmf a&muf&adS ewmudk odro S yd gp? od&ifvJ ol rw&m;csKyf nm+y;D “tar/ aemuf ESpo f ;kH q,favmuf touf&iS af e
rSm;rdygw,f? aESmifEydS pf ufcaH ewJb h 0u vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf ta&;qdrk _ tHk;rSjzpfr,f? tarawmifhxm;ygtHk;æ”vdk@ quf+yD;
awGukd vkyrf v S yk jf zpfygpqdk wmawGukd ar;csif ajymcsipf w d af wG yef=um;ygw,f? tJ'g olaxmifruscifav;rSmygb?J usaemf
ay:rdw,f? wd@k uvnf; usaemfw@kd tudk ud0k if;wif aemufxyfEpS o f ;kH
ol@udk ‘p+red x f yk (f xrif;xky)f ’yd@k ay;aewJh owif;pmq&m q,fru aeygO;D æ/ tarvlxak ':trmvnf; aemufxyf
udjk ym;}u;D ac: udak rmifarmifcif[m usaemfe@J &if;ES;D cspcf ifwhJ ESpo f ;kH q,fru aeygO;D æ/awmifx h m;=uygOæ D ?
rdwaf qGwa,mufyg? rdom;pkr&Sw d hJ OD;0if;wiftwGuf ol[m tarwdk@eJ@twl 'Drdkua&pDatmifyJG}uD;udk t
oufpeG @f qHzsm;qdo k vdk p+red x f yk f yd@k &&Smwmyg? OD;0if;wif&@J wlqifE=JG u&atmifæ? jrefrmEdik if o H m;wdik ;f rme awG/
OD;}u;D &if;csmwa,mufvkd jzpfaewJh ociftek ;f jrifu h qd&k if p tmCmwawGazsmuf+y;D nDn! D w $ ! f w $ ef @J wyJw G vrf;
+red xf yk vf yS zd@k t+ryJ yl ef&mS w,f? OD;tke;f jrifq h w kd mu wd;k wuf EJ=G uprf;ygtH;k vd@k wdu
k wf eG ;f vdu k &f yg w,f?
a&;*sme,fausmrf mS OD;cspaf rmife@J vufwcGJ o hJ yl g? &efausmf &Jabmf}uD; udk0if;wif ouf&mawmf &mausmf
&Snyf gap? Ò
Pg-5
c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;

jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;ukv
d nf; ulnaD y;aewJh NGO'sESpyf wfvnf nDvmcHa&mufcphJ Ofu
xufyikd pf ;kd (MTK)
ajrmufjyefavcsKdaoG;vdk@ at;vSwJh aqmif;csrf;jrrSm rdk;av0oowif;u bJ? raumif;r_a=umifh tjypfay;cH&vd@k rvGwv f yf=uwJh olawGuawmh ol@tjypfe@J
‘rd;k ±GmOD;rnf’vd@k qdx k m;avawmh zdw=f um;xm;wJh tpnf;ta0;wckuw kd ufz@kd olayg?h rrSeu f efwhJ ta=umif;jycsuef @J tjypfrw hJ ohJ al wGukd zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifwm/
oGm;=ur,fh usaemfw@kd tzJ@G tat;yd+k y;D rd;k rdavOD;rvm;&,fv@kd pd;k ±G@H pdwrf sm;eJ@ xde;f odr;f wmuawmh jyKvyk w f o hJ al wG &J@ tjypfbq J w kd m apm'uwufp&m/ ,Hrk mS ;
oHo,&Spd &m rvdyk gb;l ?
rw&m;tjyKc&H vd@k epfemae&wJh olawGtwGuf vlvcl si;f pmempdwef @J ulnD
az;ray;&r,fæ/ umuG,af y;&r,fqw kd phJ w
d [ f m vlom;awG&@J rGejf rwfwhJ pdwf
"gwyf gb?J tJ'v D kd *k%, f al v;pm;p&maumif;wJh pdw"f gw&f o dS al wG usi;f yjyKvyk w f hJ
ESpyf wfvnfnv D mcHukd usaemfw@kd wufa&mufciG &hf cJyh gw,f? wufa&mufz@kd udk
vnf; vGefcJhwJhwvausmfavmufuwnf;u ta=umif;=um;xm;ovdk rdk;
aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h u kd zf iG yhf GJ tcrf;tem;wke;f uvnf; E_wef @J vnf; zdwcf yhJ g
w,f? tJ't D zJ@G uawmh tk&pS u f t k ajcpdu k f v³0³uxde;f odr;f a&;pcef;&Sd 'kuo Q nf
rsm;jyoemawGukd pOf;pm;onft h zJ@G [k jrefrmvdk t"dyg` ,&f onfh (NGO's)tzG@J bJ
jzpfygw,f?
2004ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv/ 4&uf?
usaemfw@kd tzJ@G [m wdu k sKb d w l ma&Su › ae bwfpu f m;eJ@ ae@vnf 12 em&Dww d d
NGO's tzJ@G acgif;aqmif Mrs. TanakarS tzGit hf rSmpum;ajym=um;aeyHk rSm pxGucf =hJ uygw,f? usaemfw@kd eJ@twl vdu k yf g=uwJo h al wGuawmh nD!w G f
tdru f ae pxGucf =hJ uygw,f? aomwdik ;f &if;om;rsm;tzJ@G (AUN)rS udak pmbvSoed ;f / raemfav;azmfrif;/ raemfvS
rae@('DZifbm 3 &uf/ aom=umae@)urS umvDz;kd rifah c: ,m,DtmrcHoabm OrRm0if;ESihf raemfo@GJ azmfw@kd jzpf=u+y;D / jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDtzJ@G csKy(f LDB)rS rcifcifr;kd ESihf
rsK;d eJ@ tDbm&muDc±dik /f tk&u DS k v³0³u xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;u jyefvnfvw G af jrmuf raqGaqG0if;wd@k nDtrESpaf ,muf pkpak ygi;f (10)a,mufww d d yg0ifygw,f?
vmwJh udo k ef;xGËaf tmife@J udak Z,smrif;xGe;f wd@k ESpOf ;D uawmh “usaemfw@kd vnf; um;ay:rSm owif;awGzvS,=f u/ tvkyu f ta=umif;awGajym=u/ wa,muf
tJ'u D v kd u
kd cf siv
f @kd v$waf y;wJah e@uyJ v³0³u 0efxrf;awGukd ajymao;w,fæ? eJ@wa,muf &nf(&D)armp&mawGajym=ueJ@ 0goemwl pdw"f gwaf wGuvnf; wlqkd
e,fajrausmcf iG v hf ufrwS f ray;Edik b
f ;l ajymvd@k vufavsmv h u kd &f wmæ? usaemf awmh t&ifu r&if;ES;D cJ=h uayrJh um;ay:u wc%wmtwGi;f rSmbJ armifErS t
wd@k udk tppt&m&m ulnaD qmif±u G af y;wJh olw@kd tm;vH;k udk aus;Zl;wifpum; &if;awGvkd &if;ES;D oGm;cJ=h uw,f? tcrf;tem;usi;f yr,fh tk&pS u f pk ifwmum;*dwu f kd
ajymay;ygaemfæ”vd@k ajym+y;D blwmtxd vdu k yf @kd =uw,f? a&mufawmh (1;15)em&Dx;kd +y?D um;ay:rSmuwnf;u }uKd zek ;f qufxm;awmh um;
wdu k sKb d wl ma&mufawmh usaemf wd@k xuf apma&mufaewJh nD!w $ af omwdik ;f *dwrf mS tJ't D zG@J u wm0ef±o dS l trsK;d orD;wOD;jzpfwhJ [dq k ;kd 'g;pH(Mrs. Hosoda)u
&if;om;rsm;tzJ@G (*syef)rS udak pmbvSoed ;f wd@k u jyKH ;±Gipf mG eJ@ apmifah e=uygw,f? 0rf;yef;womeJ@ apmif}h uKd aewmudk awG@&w,f?
olw@kd vnf; rd;k ±Gmr,fxifv@kd xD;awG awmif ,lvm=uygw,f? oluawmh jrefrmvlrsKd ;awGtay:rSm awmfawmfoaH ,mZOf}u;D wJh olygb?J 'Dvkd
'gayr,fh tm;vH;k pd;k &draf ecJ&h wJh &moDOwk[m txife@J tjrif wufwufpif eJ@ [dq k ;kd 'gpeH @J twl tcrf;tem;usi;f yr,fh taqmuftOD;qDukd pum;awGajym
atmif vJcG &hJ ayg?h jrLwdru f if;pifv@kd yuwd=unfvifum taEG;"gwaf wG aqmif; =u&if; vrf;av#mufomG ;cJ=h uawmh vrf;uav;&J@ ab;wzufwcsurf mS &Sw d hJ opf
=unf;ay;aewJh tcgor,a=umifh ±Giv f ef;wufºuwJh pdwrf sm;eJ@ wdu k sKud ae yifawGrmS tcrf;tem;a=ujimpm±Guaf wG uyfxm;wm awG@cJ&h ygw,f?
qkub k +rKd @txd ajy;wJh [dik ;f a0;um;*dw&f dS &mqDo@kd c&D;ESicf =hJ uygw,f? a=ujimpm±Gurf mS u +y;D cJw h hJ ZGev f (20)&ufae@rSm usa&mufwhJ Edik if w H um
vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f [m csKyaf ESmifr_ xuf vGwv f yfru _ kd jrwfE;kd =uygw,f? tJ'D 'kuo Q nfrsm;ae@rSm olw@kd tk&pS u f t
k zG@J eJ@ jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;tzG@J
‘vGwv f yfr’_ qdw k hJ t&omudv k nf; rvGwv f yfonft h cgrS yd+k y;D awmifw h rufarm (BDA Group)wd@k yl;aygi;f +y;D txde;f odr;f cHae&wJh &JabmfawGtwGuf (36)em&D
=uwm "rRwmyg? tpmiwfcH qENjycJw h yhJ rJG mS ±ku d x f m;wJh "gwyf ykH g xnfx h m;wmawG@&awmh tm;vH;k
urBmw0Sr;f rSm ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh rvGwv f yf=u&wJo h al wG 'ke@J a';yg &J@&ifxrJ mS yDwad wGjzm&if; tjyKH ;awGa0cJ&h ygw,f? pdwx f rJ mS vnf; “a=omfæ

SUKUBAausmif;ol HITOMIrS jrefrmh'rD u


kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;ESihf twlvufwv
GJ y_ &f mS ;cJrh r_ sm;udk "gwfyEkH iS w
hf uG&iS ;f jyaeyH(k 0J)ESihf wl&uDvrl sKd;rsm;rS aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymaeyHk
pg-6
c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;

u&ifwikd ;f &if;om;0wfpt
kH a=umif;udk rcifcifr;kd rS &Si;f jyI wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. awG@=uKH cHpm;ae&aom tcuftcJrsm;ta=umif;udk udak pmbvSoed ;f rS ajym=um;eyHk
trSew f &m;udjk rwfE;dk wJh igw@kd ArmawG&@J yH&k yd af wGu *syefjynfweHwv$m;rSm ajcqHh usaemfw@kd &J@ &JabmfawGygb?J bma=umifv h qJ akd wmh 'Dae@yJ[ G m tJ'v D al wGyyGJ g?
vdk@aeyg+yDaumæ” qd+k y;D awG;rdc&hJ ao;w,f? [dq k ;kd 'gpw H @kd taeeJ@ olw@kd &J@ v_y&f mS ;aqmif±u G rf a_ wGukd rD;armif;xd;k jy&mrSm
usaemfw@kd tzJ@G cef;rqDuakd &mufawmh tm;vH;k u“acsmacsmarG@arG@eJ@ a&muf atmifjrifrt _ oD;tyGiahf v;awGtjzifh jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmwJh usaemfw@kd &J@
vm=uwmudk 0rf;omygw,fæ”qd+k y;D v_u d v f u _d vf v JS eJS @J }uKd q=kd uygw,f? +y;D &JabmfawGukd qvdu k rf ;D av;rsm;ozG,f xd;k jycsi±f mS =urSmayg?h
awmh- “[dv k rl ygb;l vm;æ/ 'Dval &m vdu k rf vm;bl;vm;æ”qd+k y;D ar;=ujref;=u 'Dvekd @J tcrf;tem;pcsed u f wjznf;jznf;uyfvmawmh- “uJ æ tcsed v f nf;
awmh usaewd@k tm;vH;k jrwfav;&J@pum;twdik ;f idI k &DI r&aomrsuEf mS rsm;eJ@ r&Sad wmhb;l æ/ oGm;=u&atmifæ”wJ?h ol@r&J@toHu tm;tifawGr&S/d rsu0f ef;
tajzpum;&Smr&bJ E_waf wGq@HG tcJ=h u&w,f? ±d;k om;yGiv hf if;+y;D aysmaf ysmf ae tpHrk mS vnf; tvmwke;f uvdk ar#mv f ifch suaf &mifjcnfawG orf;raeawmhæ? olr
wwfwhJ udak pmbvSoed ;f u “tJ'o D al wGu, kd pf m; usaemfw@kd vmw,fv@kd bJ vufav#mv h u kd +f yx D ifyg&@J æ? ud, k cf si;f pmemvnfpw d ef @J tm;ay;ESpo f rd w
hf hJ tjyKH ;
oabmxm;vdu k yf gAsmæ”vd@k ESpo f rd pfh um;eJ@ cGe;f wke@f jyefvu kd yf gw,f? av; jyKH ;jy±ku H vGv J @kd bmrSrwwfEidk af wmh?
tcsed u
f av; eJe&J ao;wmeJ@ tk&pS u f pk ifwmrSm±Sw d hJ pm=unhw f u
kd xf uJ kd 0if “[kwo f m;bJaemfæ/ oGm;=u&atmifæ”qd+k y;D tvdu k o f ifu h av; jyefajym&if;
avhvmvdu k /f cef;rxJrmS jyoxm;wJh txde;f odr;f cHae&wJh Armwdik ;f &if;om; udk um;*dwu f ae jyefvmcJ=h uw,f? vrf;av#mufvm&if;u bwfpu f m;oH=um;wdik ;f
aZmfawmifv&D @J vuf&dS v³0³u xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;xJrmS =uKH awG@ae&wJh tajct aemufvn S v hf n S =hf u!fah ewJh olr&J@o¾efuakd wmhh usaemfw@kd rsu0f ef;xJu b,f
aeeJ@ jrefrmjynfwiG ;f utajctaeawGukd cHpm;+y;D a&;qJx G m;wJh umwGe;f vuf&m vdrk S rxGuaf wmhyg?
awGukd =unfv h u kd ef @J vkyaf ewke;f rSmbJ [dq k 'kd gpu H “vlomG ;}uKd &atmifæ”qd+k y;D [dq k ;kd 'gpw H @kd wmeucdru d pkd /H [d±rdk pd wH @kd qdw
k m xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;xJrmS ±Sw d hJ
vmac:wmeJ@ ole@J twl um;*dwu f kd vdu k o f mG ;cJw h ,f? olawGukd b,fvu kd n l aD xmufychH w hJ ,fqw kd m txJuvlawGa&m olw@kd ulnv D @kd
um;*dwu f o kd mG ;&if; vrf;wavsmufrmS ,ae@jrefrmjynftajctaeawGuakd r; jyefvnfvw $ af jrmufvmwJo h al wGyg todq;kH yg? 'gayrJæ h
&if; olw@kd odxm;wJt h csut f vufawGuv kd nf; pdwt f m;wufºupGm ajymjyyg cef;rxJjyefa&mufawmh 2;10 &Sad eyg+y?D av;pm;+y;D twk,zl @kd aumif;wJt h csuf
w,f? um;awGom wpD;+y;D wpD; qdu k vf mw,f? olw@kd ar#maf ewJo h al wGu a&muf u tcsed t f wdtuse@J tcef;tem;udpk wmyg? yxrOD;qH;k tzJ@G acgi;f aqmif wmem
rvm=uyg? [dq k ;kd 'gpw H a,muf oufjyif;awG cd;k cd;k csaewm awG@&awmh pdwrf umpHu tzGit hf rSmpum;ajymygw,f? tJ'aD emufawmh olw@kd tzJ@G u tzJ@G 0ifawG
aumif;jzpfrw d m trSeyf g? u wESpt f wGi;f vkyu f idk af qmif±u G rf t
_ ajctaeawG/ *syeftpd;k &J@ Edik if jH cm;om;
olrtay: tm;emwJph w d ef @J rsuv f ;kH jcif;rqHrk ad tmif rsuEf mS udk rodromav; awGay: xm;&Sw d hJ Oya'awG/ vuf&dS v³0³u xde;f odr;f a&;pef;awGxrJ mS csKyaf ESmifcH
v$&J if; a&mufwuf&m&m pum;awGe@J tm±Hak jymif;atmif vkyaf y;vdu k yf gw,f? ae&wJh Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;&J@ cHpm;r_awGe@J jyefvnfvw $ af jrmufvmolawG&@J tajc
olar#maf ewJo h al wGu r=umao;cifurS tDbm&cd v³0³u xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; taeawGukd rSww f rf;rSw&f mrsm;eJ@ pepfwus qvdu k rf ;D xd;k +y;D &Si;f jy=uygw,fæ?
xJuae ,m,DtmrcHaexdik cf iG jhf zifh ylyal EG;aEG; jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmcJ=h uwJh pmrsuEf mS 21 od@k «

vuf&dS jrefrmEdik if t
H ajctaeta=umif;udk rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw
h u
kd rf S udrk if;xufaZmfr&S iS ;f jyaeyH(k 0J)ESihf wufa&mufvm=uonfh y&dowfwcs›Kd
Pg-7
aqmif;yg;
tquftpyf jzwfawmufcx H m;&ygap/ (NLD)[m olŒ&J@ &nfwnfcsut f ay:rSm tcdik t f rm&yf
wnf+y;D - ygw&D t hJ vHukd tjrifrh m;qH;k v$ix hf x l m;Ekid of r# umvygwv f ;kH e³t³z ppftyk pf k
ar#mv f ifxh m;ovdk jzpfvmrnfr[kwyf g?
nDvmcHjy;D qH;k cJo h nfxm;OD;- a&G;aumufyt JG opfwck vkyzf Œkd qdo k nfrmS (NLD)/ a':atmif
qef;pk=unf/ (CRPP) 1990 a&G;aumufy&JG v'ftygt0if &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om; rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyt f qH;k raysmufrysuf wnf&adS eor# e³t³z vkyv f Œkd r&yg? vrf;jyajryHk olŒtvdv k kd vrf;
aysmufaewm tJ't D cgrmS xyf+y;D awGŒaumif;awGŒ=uOD;rSmyg?
trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyt f aeeJŒ ygwt D vHukd tjrifrh m;qH;k v$ix hf +l y;D ppftyk pf x k ;kd ppfukd
ckcaH cszsujf cif;[m jyefveS x f ;kd ppf}u;D qifEikd zf Œkd twGuf }u;D pGmtaxmuftul jyKygvrd rfh nf? us
aemfwŒkd 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkawG(wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkawGtyg0if)u atmufygtcsuf 3 csuu f kd
vufiif;vkyaf qmifay;zdŒk vdyk g w,f?
1? a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ (CRPP) ESihf (NLD)udk 0ef;&H ay;xm;&ygr,f?
2? 4if;wdŒk tay: a0zefwu kd cf u
kd f tykwcf swmawGukd qefŒusif wdu k yf q JG ifay;&ygr,f?
3? nDnw G af omwyfaygi;f pkawG zGŒJ wmxuf tvkyw f ckukd nDnw G pf mG 0dik ;f vky=f uzdŒk vdyk gr,f?
‘0ef;&H/ qefŒusif/ nDnw G ’f qdjk y;D twdak umuf wifjycsiyf gw,f?
tusyt f wnf;u olŒbufu, kd b hf uf }u;D ygw,f? olŒbufu tusyt f wnf;awGukd t
xufrmS ajymcJ+h y;D yg+y?D
ud, k b hf ufu tusyt f wnf;awGqw kd mrSm ae&ma'otvdu k /f tzGŒJ tpnf;tvku d f rwl
jcm;em;wmav;awG &Syd gw,f? odŒk aomf tusyt f wnf;awGukd ‘0ef;&H/ qefŒusi/f nDnw G ’f pGmeJŒ
ausmjf zwf=u&ygr,f?
olŒbuftajctaetusyt f wnf;wckwnf;udk =unfw h mrsK;d / qENpeJG ŒJ trsK;d om; 'Dru kd a&pD
0ef;&H/ qefŒusif/ nDnGwfpGmjzifh tzJŒG csKyt f ay: wbufowf a0zefwmrsK;d awGukd usaemfwŒkd tjyif;txefqefŒusiyf gw,f?
‘rl’r&Sd ‘vl’=unfv h yk af e&w,fqw kd m vuf&dS e³t³z&Jh tajctaewckv;kH udk wcGe;f wnf;eJŒ
om;aqG
xif[yfEikd yf gvrd rhf ,f? qH;k jzwfcsuw f ikd ;f (trdeŒf wdik ;f )udk oef;a±$wOD;wnf;u udik x f m;+y;D aemuf
a':atmifqef;pk=unf vHkjcHKa&;twGuf wm0ef,lxm;onfh wufppftyk pf k *sLeD,mav;awGukd cGw J rf;cs vkycf ikd ;f aewmyg?
(NLD)vli,f tzGŒJ 0ifO;D a& avsmch svu kd jf cif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf *sLeD,mav;awGu cdik ;f wmtukev f ;kH uke;f ±ke;f vkyaf ewm[m vuf&t dS ajctaeav;aysmuf
. use;f rma&;oGm; a&mufppfaq;cGijhf yKxm;onfh t}urd t f a&t ysuo f mG ;rSm pd;k &drw f mwckwnf; a=umifah wmhr[kwyf gb;l ? nDvmcH}u;D t+y;D jzpfay:vmrnfh
wGuf uef@owfvdkufjcif;[m a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk aetdrf tusK;d pD;yGg;awGtay: pdwu f ;l ,Ofar#mv f ifx h m;yHyk g&ydS gw,f? Edik if aH wmforRwvkycf siw f o hJ /l 0ef}u;D
tus,cf sKyjf zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;onfh oufwrf;(1)ESpx f yf+y;D csKyjf zpfcsiw f o hJ /l wyf rawmfa&;&m 0ef}u;D jzpfcsiw f o
hJ /l umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf vkycf siw f o hJ al wG
wd;k jri‡ v
hf u
kd w f meJΠqufpyfaeyg w,f? tckuwnf;u wef;pDaeygw,f?
(1)ESpo f ufwrf;wd;k vdu k jf cif;ESihf w&m;0ifa=ujimvdu k jf cif;[m nDvmcHr+y;D qH;k cifrmS jzpfap/ +y;D qH;k onft h cgrmS jzpfap “t&Sed t f [keEf iS hf Edik if aH wmf opfqo D Œkd
e³t³z oGm;av&mwdik ;f / awGŒqHrk w _ ikd ;f rSm tar;cHae&wJh ar;cGe;f ul;ajymif;zdkŒvdkw,f”pojzifh e³t³z ajymvm+yDqdk&if e³t³z vrf;jyajryHkudk (edit)jyef
wck(b,fawmhvw $ af y;rSmvJ)udyk g ajz&Si;f vdu k w f hJ oabmyg? odŒk vkyzf Œkd twGuf jzpfygvrd rhf ,f?
aomf tJ'ahD emufu, G rf mS 'Dxufy+kd y;D euf±i_d ;f wJh ar#mv f ihcf suef ŒJ jynfoŒl qENc, H yl t JG qifu h kd (=uzhH w G rf w S qif)h ausmv f Œkd &aumif; &Ekid af yr,f/h 1990 a±G;
t=ut H pnfawG etzrSm &Sad eygw,f? aumufy&JG v'f/ (CRPP) a':atmifqef;pk =unfe@J (NLD)udk ausmv f Œkd r&yg?
(NLD)udk zdtm;ay;/ vnfrsKn d p‡ f tusyu f ikd /f ygwcD snehf ŒJ oGm; vrf;jyajryHu k kd qGq J w k +f y;D trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyaf cgi;f aqmifrsm;(a':atmifqef;pk=unf
atmifvyk /f 1990 a&G;aumufy&JG v'f aysmufysuo f mG ;atmifvyk +f y;D tygt0if)ESihf tjrefq;kH awGŒqHak qG;aEG;rSomv#if e³t³z olŒtusyt f wnf; udk ajz&Si;f Edik rf nf[k
trsK;d om;nDvmcH}u;D tjref+y;D atmif vkyjf cif;jzifh twdu k t f cHawG ,H=k unfyga=umif;? ?
tay: tompD;&r,fvŒkd xifaeyH&k ygw,f? trsK;d om;nDvmcHukd
‘cHppftoGi’f uae ‘xd;k ppftoGi’f e³t³z tuGuaf jymif;vkyv f ukd f
tD&wfEikd if &H dS tar&duefppfpcef;rsm; taocHA;kH cJw
G u
kd cf u
kd cf &H jcif;?
wmyg? (NLD)rygbJ nDvmcH}u;D tckbJ tqH;k owfawmh rvdv k kd
wuUov
kd pf ;kd oD[(Japan Times)
qdwk m o}ueF t f ajrm‡ ufazguw f t hJ qif/h Ade;f armif;wD; nmoHay;wJh
tqifah vmufb&J w dS ,fvŒkd owfrw S v f Œkd &ygw,f? tD&wfEikd if aH jrmufyikd ;f rdak qmfv+f rKd @teD;&Sd tar&duefppftajcpdu k pf cef;udk 'DZifbm 22 &uf
jyifqifr_yxrajcvSrf;tjzpf a':atmifqef;pk=unftay: t ae@u 22 OD;aoqH;k +y;D 72 OD; 'g%&f m&&Scd yhJ gw,f? tckvkd tD&wfrmS tar&duefawG tpkvu kd f
us,cf sKyf oufwrf;wd;k jriS v hf u dk yf gw,f? (CRPP)rv_yfEdkifatmif tjyKH vu
kd af oqH;k jcif;[m tD&wf-tar&duef ppfy+GJ y;D qH;k cJw h hJ 2003 ckEpS f arv 1 &ufaemufyikd ;f
csKyxf m;vdu k wf o hJ abm oufa&mufovd/k 1998 ckEpS f wke;f uvdrk sK;d t}u;D rm;qH;k aoqH;k r_wckjzpfc+hJ y;D aoqH;k olawGxrJ mS awmh tar&duefppftr_xrf; 14 OD;/ t
a±G;aumufct H rwfawG a':atmifqef;pk=unf&@J aetdrjf c0H if;rSm ar&dueft&yfom; 4 OD;eJ@ tD&wf Edik if o H m; 4 OD;yg0ifcyhJ gw,f?
pkpnf;zdŒk }uKd ;pm;wmrsK;d jzpfrvm atmif }uKd umvku d wf o hJ abmyg? 'g%&f m&&Scd w hJ o
hJ al wGuawmh tar&duefppfom; 51 OD;eJ@ t&yfom;wcsK› d yg0ifcyhJ gw,f?
pkpnf;rdomG ;&if (CRPP)OD;aqmif+y;D / a&G;aumufcH jynfoŒl ud, k f tar&duefppfwyfu wm0ef&o dS al wG[m tJ'AD ;kH aygucf rGJ }_ u;D udk qufvuf pHpk rf;ppfaq;aeqJ
pm;vS,af wG 0ef;&Hxm;wJh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf (olyek v f w $ af wmf jzpfygw,f? tD&wfppfypGJ wifcsed rf S ,ae@txd aoqH;k cJo h Ol ;D a&rSm pkpak ygi;f 1445 OD;&S+d yjD zpfonf?
bJjzpfap) ay:ayguf vmrSmudk e³t³z odyaf =umufygw,f? ,if; 1445 OD;xJwiG f tar&duefvrl sK;d 1297 OD;/ t*Fvyd v f rl sK;d 73 OD;ESihf tjcm;Edik if jH cm;om;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJΠ( NLD)t=um; b,favmufbJ rsm;rSm 75 OD;wd@k jzpfygw,f?
pg-8
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;

idak ºuG;aewJh vl‹tcGit


hf a&;
tjynfjynfqikd &f m vl@tcGit
hf a&;a=ujimpmwrf; a0rd;k
[m 56 ESpo f ufwrf; &Scd yhJ g+y?D 'Dpmwrf;udk Edik if t H rsm; tjcm;vl@tcGit hf a&;tzJ@G wzJ@G jzpfwhJ tjynfjynf
tjym;u 'DZifbmv 10 &uf/ 1948 ckEpS rf mS oabm udpP udik w f ,
G w f thJ cg cufcaJ pygw,f? tar&duefu qdik &f m vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGit hf zJ@G }u;D &J@ 2004 ckEpS f tpD
wl vufrw S af &;xd;k cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh uae@rSmqd&k if ajrmufudk&D;,m; vl@tcGifhta&;udpPudk a0zef&if &ifcpH mtqdt k & urBmu h v k or*~tzJ@G }u;D [m tar&d
‘trsK;d om;vHjk cKH a&;’qdw k t hJ a=umif;jycsu[ f m 'DtcGifh ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;uvnf; “cifAsm;wd@k rSm rsuEf mS ESpf uefO;D aqmifwhJ tD&wfppfyaGJ =umifh *k%o f ud mQ eJ@ w
ta&;pmwrf;yg tcsuaf wGukd t}u;D tus,f +crd ;f zuf ay:vpD&adS ew,fæ? cifAsm;wd@k &J@ (usK;bm;)a& &m;0ifrq _ ikd &f m tusyt f wnf;awGukd &ifqikd af e&+y;D
ajcmufvmwm awG@&ygw,f? wyf tusO;f pcef;u udpaP wG t&ifajz&Si;f ygæ”vdk@ tjynfjynfqikd &f m vl@tcGit hf a&;tqift h wef;[m
ppfat;acwf +y;D oGm;wJah emufrmS Edik if t H rsm;t ajymygr,f? tar&duefuvnf; vHjk cKH a&;t& xde;f ‘t=urf;zufr_ qef@usiaf &;ppfy’GJ acgi;f pOf&@J atmuf
jym;[m vl@tcGifhta&;eJ@ 'Drdkua&pDta=umif;udk odrf;xm;olawGvdk@ qdkygw,f? jrefrmppftkyfpku rSm tajctaeqd;k ±Gm;um axmifaygi;f rsm;pGmaom
us,u f s,af vmifavmif ajymqdck =hJ uygw,f? urBmh vnf; olw@kd rSm Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;r&Syd g? vHjk cKH a&;t trsK;d orD;awGe@J trsK;d om;awGuvnf; rw&m;wJ@
±Gm}u;D [mvnf; t&m&mwdik ;f udk vl@tcGit hf a&;aywH & zrf;xm;wJh tusO;f om;awGyJ &Sw d ,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? xde;f odr;f r_/ w&m;pJrG /_ n‡i;f yrf;r_awGukd &ifqikd af e&yg
eJ@wdik ;f wm=unf±h c_ yhJ gw,f? 'gayr,fh pufwifbm 11 2004 atmufwb kd m 12 e,l;a,muf+rKd @tajc w,f? wcsed w f nf;rSm vloef;axmifaygi;f rsm;pGm[m
aemufyikd ;f rSmawmh uHq;kd pGmyJ urBmEh ikd if aH &; wefz;kd pH pdu
k f vl@tcGit fh a&;apmif=h unhaf &;tzJ@G u tpD&ifcpH m qif;&Jre_ @J vlra_ &;rw&m;r_awGa=umifh 'kuaQ &mufae
E_e;f awG[m aemufa=umif;udk jyefvn S o hf mG ;cJyh gw,f? wapmif xkwjf yefcyhJ gw,f? 'DtpDt&ifcpH mrSm tar&d =uayr,fh tpkd;&awGuawmh vufeufawGudk t
'Drukd a&pDEikd if aH wGtygt0if Edik if aH wmfawmfrsm; uef A[dak xmufvrS ;f a&;at*sipf &D @J xde;f odr;f a&; ajrmuftjrm; 0,f,o l ;kH pJaG e=uygw,f?
rsm;[m jy\emawGukd qH;k jzwfwahJ e&mrSm vHjk cKH a&; pcef;xJrmS t=urf;zuform;vd@k oHo,&Scd &H olwcsK› d xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;awGxrJ mS tckq&kd if Edik if w H um
udk t"duxm;wJh ±_axmifrh sK;d eJ@ qH;k jzwfvmygw,f? aysmufq;kH oGm;wmawG tp&Sw d hJ tar&dueftpd;k &&J@ qdik &f m vlom;rqefwrhJ al wGukd tusO;f om;awG =uKH
&vm'fuawmh vlawG&@J arG;&mygtcGit hf a&;awG[m vl@tcGit hf a&;csK;d azmufra_ wGukd okawoevkyx f m; awG@aeygw,f? 'Dvkd jrefrmjynfv/kd ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;
r=umc%qdo k vdk 'Dq;kH jzwfcsu&f @J om;aumifjzpfvm wm jzpfygw,f? vdk tm%m&SiEf ikd if aH wGrmS jzpfymG ;aewJh vl@tcGit hf a&;
ygawmhw,f? 'Dvkd vHjk cKH a&;t"dutjrif[m &ufpuf “axmufvrS ;f a&; ppfa=uma&;rSL;awG[m a&epf csK;d azmufra_ wGukd ‘'Dru kd a&pDcseyf , D ’H tar&dueft
wJt h pd;k &awGukd vl@tcGit hf a&;csK;d azmufz@kd tcGit hf +y;D ppfwehJ nf;tygt0if tiftm;oH;k enf;awGe@J t pd;k &uvnf; ajc&mvdu k ef if;aer,fq&kd ifawmh tHph &m
vrf; ay;xm;ovdyk gy?J usO;f om;awGukd ppfaq;cJ=h uw,f? 'gtjyifh tusO;f ygy?J a*smt h 0kd v J &f @J 1984 pmtkyx f u J acwfq;kd rsm;qD
vl@tcGit fh a&;a=ujimcsu&f @J tyd'k cf GJ 9 rSmqd&k if om;&J@ om;orD;awGygac:+y;D +crd ;f ajcmufwmawGvnf; pdwaf &mufomG ;apygw,f?
vlom;wdik ;f vlom;wdik ;f [m tusK;d ta=umif;cdik v f rkH _ jyKvyk yf gw,f? 'DtjyKtr_awG[m tm%m&Siaf wG&@J vl@tcGit hf a&;v_y&f mS ;awG&@J }uKd ;pm;yrf;pm; v_yf
r&Sb d J zrf;qD;cH&jcif;r&Sad p&vd@k jyXmef;xm;ygw,f? tjyKtr_awGyg? 'Dppfa=uma&;t&m&Sad wG[m tm%m &Sm;r_awGuawmh yifyef;aeqJygy?J 'gukd b,fou l rS
'gayr,hf uae@rSm 'Dtyk'cf GJ 9 ukd ‘'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wG &SifEdkifiHawGur[kwfyJ/ tar&duef&J@ A[dkaxmuf r[ef@wm;Edik af o;yga=umif;? Ò
jzpfw’hJ tar&duefjynfaxmifpek @J +Aw d ed w f @kd uawmif vSr;f a&;at*sipf u D jzpfygw,fæ”vd@k tpD&ifcpH mu ({&m0wDtifwmeufpmrsufEmS rS ul;,lazmfjyyg
vpfvsL±_vm=uygw,f? pufwifbm 11 &ufaemuf qdx k m;ygw,f? onf?)
ydik ;f jyXmef;wJh tufOya'awGu vlawGukd ±H;k rwif
w&m;rpJb G J zrf;xm;Edik cf iG hf ay;xm;ygw,f? 'g[m arG; ,m,DtmrcHEiS hf aexdik o
f l jrefrmvlrsK;d oH;k OD;udk *syef v³0³urS zrf;qD;
&myg vl@tcGit hf a&;twGuf qd;k ±Gm;vSwhJ pdeaf c:r_jzpf
ygw,f? (vGwfajrmufe,fajr-*syefXmecJG)rS jzpfygonf?
pufwifbm 11 jzpf+y;D 1 vtwGi;f rSm tar&duef xdkolrsm;onf vGefcJhonfh 5 ESpfausmfavmuf
uGe*f &ufu t=urf;zufrw _ u
kd zf suaf &; ‘rsK;d cspt f uf uwnf;u *syefEikd if w H iG f jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDa&;}uKd ;yrf;
Oya'’udk jyXmef;cJyh gw,f? 'DtufOya't& vHjk cKH a&; ae=uolrsm;jzpfum/ trdEikd if o H @kd jyefygu touf tEW
qdik &f m tpd;k &XmeawGrmS t=urf;zuform;vd@k oHo &m,fp;kd &dr&f aoma=umifh *syefEikd if w H iG f Refugeeac:
,t&Scd &H olawGukd apmif=h unhcf iG /hf ±H;k rwif w&m;rpJG 'kuo Q nftjzpfavsmufxm;cJ=h uolrsm;jzpf+y;D / ‚wd@k
bJ zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cGit hf m%mawG ydrk &kd v dS mygw,f? . avsmufxm;r_tay: *syefv³0³urS ta=umif;t
+Aw d o d #ygvrD efuvnf; 'DZifbm 2001 rSm tvm;wl rsK;d rsK;d jzifh jiif;y,fjcif;cHxm;&avonf?
Oya'udk jyXmef;cJhygw,f? tqdyk gupd EP iS yhf wfouf+y;D 'kuo Q nftjzpf aexdik f
tar&duef rsK;d cspt f ufOya'u &Je@J axmufvrS ;f tzrf;rcH&rSD jrifawG@vdu
k &f aom ud0k if;ausmf(tv,fv)l cGi&hf xm;olwOD;u “olw@kd (*syefv³0³u)&J@vky&f yfu
a&;at*sipf aD wGukd vlxq k ufo, G af &; zke;f awG/ tif bmvJqdkawmh usaemfwdk@wawGudk pdwf"gwfus
wmeuft;D ar;vfawGukd =um;jzwf cd;k em;axmif =unfh umvD [ d k ; rif ( c),D , mtmrcH a exd k i f c G i f h j zif h atmife@J wenf;ajym&&if olw@kd qDrmS 'kuo Q nftjzpf
±_ciG hf ay;xm;ygw,f? 'Dvyk &f yf[mqd&k if Edik if o H m;qdik f v³0³u xHwiG f wvwcg vufrw S xf ;kd ae&ol jrefrmh aemufvlawG vmrav#muf&Jatmif vkyfjyaewm
&m tcGit hf a&;udk xifxif&mS ;&Sm; csK;d azmufwmjzpfyg 'Drdkua&pDa&;v_yf&Sm;oloHk;OD;tm; vufrSwfxdk;&ef bJæ? w u,fawmh tck olw@kd zrf;vdu k wf ohJ al wG[m
w,f? rsKd;cspftufOya'vdk tar&duef&J@ ajcvSrf; oGm;a&mufonhfae@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cHvdkuf& e³t³z qDjyefy@kd &if tEW&m,f&rdS eS ;f olw@kd vnf; odae
aemufrmS Edik if t H rsm;tjym;u tpd;k &awG[m vdu k yf g a=umif; od&&dS ygonf? wmbJæ? tJ'v D dk odae&J@om;eJ@ jyefy@kd rSmvnf; r[kwf
vmcJ=h uygw,f? zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cH&olrsm;rSm *syefEikd if tH ajcpdu k f rJt
h wlwl rzrf;oifb h ;l aygAh smæ? usaemfw@kd twGuf
'Dvkd vHjk cKH a&;t"duqdw k hJ rl0g'awGe@J 'Dru kd a&pDEikd f jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDtzJ@G csKy(f LDB)rS tzJ@G 0if vifr,m; tiftm;avsmw h maygæ h ”[k ajym=um;cJyh gonf?
iHawGtzd@k tm%m&SiEf ikd if aH wGtay: vl@tcGit hf a&; ESpOf ;D jzpf+y;D usew
f OD;rSm trsK;d om;'Drukd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf armif&iS (f bm;rm;rD', D mowif;axmuf)
Pg-9
oa&mfpm

uoduatmifh tawG;rsm; (1) =um;vdu k ?f &Sib


f &k ifu um;0,fay;vdu k /f bke;f }u;D u
rif;usiw hf &m;ESihf jynfph aHk omvk@d a&pufcsay;vdu k ?f
(ud}k uD;ay:) &Sib
f &k ifu bG@J wHqyd w f ck xGi+f y;D ay;vdu
k /f bke;f }u;D u
/1/ oufawmf&mausmzf @kd aA'ifuav;wGuaf y;vdu k ef @J
apmifah &Smif&h ef’twGuw f ?hJ 'Dvekd @J bmrSrodwhJ omo
'D v d k a wG ; rd a jymrd & if "rR E œ & m,f o if h r S m vnf ; omoemawmf}u;D udk cs;D ajrmufaewm aysmpf &m}u;D
em[m tm%m&Siaf wGtwGuf ydEyJM ifjzpfc&hJ wm &mZ
a=umufryd g&?hJ 'dÏv d @kd ˜ bmomw&m;apmfum;olv@kd ayghaemf?
0ifwav#mufygy?J
qd+k y;D vufnK‡d ;xd;k rSmvnf; a=umufryd g&?hJ 'gayr,fh qef;opfcsuaf v;u &Sad o;w,f? wd@k bke;f }u;D rsm;
'DtpOftvmudk ,ae@acwf b0&Sirf if;=wm;}u;D
&ifxJu uoduatmifh jzpfvmawmhvnf; jyefr ukd acwfraD tmif˜ Edik if w H umeJ@ &ifabmifwef;Edik f
wd@k / rif;=wm;av;wd@k u qufvufxed ;f odr;f xm;Edik f
ajymbJ raeEdkifaygif? atmif ˜ bk e f ;}uD ;ausmif ;qd k w m ud e f ; b&pf w d k @
wm jrif&awmh ud}k u;D ay:jzifh “trsKd ;*k%af pmifw h ,f
'Dvakd v? tckEpS v f twGi;f jzpfysucf w hJ mawGxrJ mS atmufpzd@k 'fw@kd vdk jzpfomG ;atmif “a'gufwm” qkd
uGæ” vd@k *k%, f &l rSmvm;/ 'grS “&Sib f &k ifuæ
G ”vd@k
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ud}k u;D ay: owdjyKrw d mu Ak'b < momeJ@ wm}u;D udv k nf; wyfwyfay;&ygao;w,f? 'DawmhrmS
aºu;a=umf&rSmvm; awG;aerdygw,f?
qdik af ewJh udpEP pS cf ak =umifrh @kd yg? wcku b0&Sirf if;u a&S ; utpOf t vmvnf ; jzpf acwf v nf ; rD w J h
av; Akv d cf if!eG @f udk b0&Sirf if;=wm;}u;D Adv k o f ef;a&$ /2/ ‘a'guw f m&Ï*k±’k awG jzpfvmawmhwmayg?h
u a&$abmawmftvdrk usv@kd wpcef;odr;f vdu k w f t hJ &Sibf &k ifawG[m olw@kd tm%m&+yq D wkd meJ@ ol@q
/3/
cg rif;uav; ud;k uG,w f hJ bk&m;apwD/ bke;f }u;D / bd;k &m bke;f }u;D udk omoemydik f cef@awmhwmygy?J omo
tJ 'gayr,fv@kd jzpfwwfysuw f wfwhJ avmu"Ht
awmfe@J qifuav;awGvnf; wefc;kd rxGm;Edik af wmhbJ emydik tf xd cef@vd@k r&Edik &f if ‘&mZm"d&mZ*k±’k qdw k hJ rif;
wdik ;f q&m'umjyZmwfawGcrsm wcgwcgawmh yGyJ suf
ndK‡ ;avsmrf edS u f suek o f wJ?h aemufwcku urBmAh 'k b < m q&mbG@J awG ay;awmhwmygy?J a=omf- &Sib f &k ifu;kd ?
wwfygao;w,f? apmapmu ajymcJo h vdk &Sib f &k ift
om xdyo f ;D nDvmcH}u;D udk &efuek rf mS ppfAv kd af wGu ay;csif&if jzpfoaygh?
opf wufwt hJ cg ol@q&mudk cs;D ajrm‡ uf+yq D akd wmh ol@
OD;aqmifusi;f y=uowJ?h t&ifu 'Dvb kd @JG rsKd ;r&Scd &hJ ifvnf; topfxiG v f u kd /f
q&mr[kwo f cl rsm rsuEf mS i,fi,fe@J aemufa&muf
'DEpS cf k bmqdik v f v J @kd ar;&if qdik rf qdik af wmh ud}k u;D vG,v f , G af v;&,f? &Sib f &k ifu ay;w,fqw dk m/ ol
oGm;&awmhwmayg?h omomav;+ird af e&if &dumQ t
ay:vnf; rodygb;l ? awG;rdwmuawmh ud}k u;D ay:wd@k u emrnfc/H wdik ;f jynfu ydu k q f u H ek w
f myJ? bmjzpfvJ
axmuftyHeh @J bG@J uav; 'Dtwdik ;f &Srd ,f? a0zefwm
jrefrmhordik ;f rSm bke;f }u;D eJ@ &Sib f &k if qufqcH =hJ uwJh ay;omay;vdu k ?f rsm;rsm;ay;Edik &f if omoemawmf
a[mwmajymwmvky&f if &dumQ jzwfr,f/ bG@J odr;f cH&
tpOftvmu ,ae@wdik af tmif rajymif;rvJ &Sad o; tm; cs;D ajrm‡ ufaomqdw k hJ rSww f rf;0ifr,f r[kwf
r,f?
om;yJ qdw k myg? tif;- trsKd ;*k%u f kd apmifx h ed ;f w,f vm;? 'Dvekd @J &mZ0ifwav#muf ay;cJw h hJ rif;ay;bG@J &
'gu a&S;u&Sib f &k if&Jh tusiyhf g? 'Dae@ etzu
vd@k qd&k rSmaygah emf? a=omf e³0³w e³t³z qdw k mawG bke;f }u;D awGtxJ trSew f u,f pmwwfaywwf/ oD
awmh omoemjyK rif;aumif;rif;jrwfr[kwfvm;?
u rsKd ;csppf w d "f mwf xufoefa&;tvkyu f kd OD;vnfr vodumQ &So d al wG ygovdk &Sib f &k ifukd tcgawmfay;wJh
'grsK;d rvkyyf gb;l ? a0zef&if/ a[majym&if/ qGr;f pm;rºuG
okef vkyaf e=uolawG r[kwv f m;? 'Dawmhvnf; trsKd ; aA'ifbek ;f }u;D wd@k / "mwf±u kd f "mwfqifvyk af y;wJh bd;k
&if/ 0denf;awmftwdik ;f uHaqmif&if axmifxyJ J xnfh
tpOfvu kd v f mwJh tusiahf wGu 'Dae@wdik af tmif xGe;f awmfbek ;f }u;D wd@k / aq;ukak y;wJh aq;bke;f }u;D wd@k woD
xm;vdu k w f myg? tJ e³t³zeJ@ ay;wm,l/ vSLwmpm;/
um;wm aerSmayg?h }u;D ygcahJ ywmayg?h omoemydik jf zpf+y;D cgrS vlxu G of mG ;
qkay;pum;rsm;rsm;ajym&if ausmif;&r,f/ um;&r,f/
&Sifbk&ifqdkwm odwJhtwdkif;yJ wOD;wnf;aom wJh bke;f }u;D awmif ygvu kd af o;?
EdkifiHjcm;oGm;&r,f? e,frSmaewmqdk&if &efukefrSm
tm%m&Siaf v? r[morRwrif;wd@k jynfou l wif &Sib f &k ifawGuvnf; r=umc%qdo k vdk ajymif;
ausmif;wdu k x f yf&r,f? 'Dvekd @J t&Sed t f 0gtawmf&adS e
ajrm‡ ufw,fw@dk qdw k mu pmxJrmS zwfaumif;atmif wwfwmqdak wmh bG@J &wJh bke;f }u;D uvnf; avsmo h mG ;
qJ Adkvfcif!Gef@eJ@ yl;aygif;o±kyfaqmif=uwJh q&m
a&;xm; wmyg? &Sib f &k ifu &Sib f &k ifygy?J tJ &Sib f &k if w,fr&S/d wd;k jro J m wd;k aeawmhwmyg? tcsKd @bke;f }u;D qdk
'umZmwfvrf;awG cyfrsm;rsm; xGuv f mygw,f? yk*H
jzpf+yq D wkd meJ@ yxrqk;H vky&f wJt h vkyu f ‘omoem wufvmor# &Sib f &k ife@J tvGr;f oifah wmh bG@J awGu
u tvdjk ynfah pwDukd jyKjyif&mu [ke;f ceJ emrnf}u;D
awmf}u;D udk pnfyifw;dk yGm;atmif rnfo@kd rnfr# csD; vnf; ESpx f yf ok;H xyfayg?h 'Dvekd @J a&S;u bke;f }u;D wyg;
vmwJh ‘tvkad wmfjynf’h wd@k / crJjyifem;u ‘atmifap
ajrm‡ ufygrnht f a=umif;’ a=ujimarmif;cwfwmygyJ? trnf&Jha&S@rSm bGJ@awGuvnf; woDwwef;}uD;eJ@
wD’wd@k awG[m r=um;csirf qk;H Zmwfvrf;awG jzpfvm
&Sib f &k if&mxl;&zd@k tazudyk J owfowf/ tudu k ykd J av?
ygw,f?
owfowf/ a,mufzudyk o J wfowf/ jynfou l ykd o J wf ya'o&mZfacwf}u;D uG,o f mG ;awmh &Sib f &k ifqdk
'Dbek ;f }u;D awGtjyif ‘wö=um;rif;acgi’f vd@k trnf
owf &Sib f &k ifjzpf+yq D w kd meJ@ omoemjyK rif;aumif; wm r&Sdtyfawmhwma=umifh rif;ay;bGJ@awG ray;
cHwJh bdk;awmfoef;vSwdk@ wpcef;xvm=uygw,f?
rif;jrwfv@kd uifyeG ;f wyfvu kd f awmhwmygy?J awmhygb;l ? wdik ;f oljynfom;awGu ay;w,fv@kd acwf
'D=um;xJ qifEpS af umifu tqpfygvu kd af o;?
yk*aH cwf yxrjrefrmEdik if u H kd wnfaxmifw,fv@kd eJ@ avsmn f aD tmif jyifvu kd yf gw,f? tJoawmh ‘&mZ*k
bke;f }u;D awG bk;d awmfawG&hJ tpDtrHe@J ‘pG,af wmf
ordik ;f rSm armfueG ;f t}u;D }u;D xd;k / e³t³zacwfa&muf ±k’ ae&mrSm ‘&Ï*k±’k jzpfomG ;a&m? bG@J ay;wJt h cgrmS
apwD’wk@d / ‘avmucsr;f om tb,vmbrke’d wd@k /
awmh atmufyikd ;f enf;enf;wdak ewJh ±kyw f t k }u;D }u;D awmh b,fjynfol wOD;wa,muf&hJ oabmxm;udrk S
‘ausmufprd ;f ±kyyf mG ;’wd@k Adv k cf if!eG @f u wnfw,f?
xk/ ewfuawmfawGu ewfyx JG J xnfu h ˜cH&wJh t awmif;cHwmr&Syd gb;l ? ‘ay;vdu k o f nf’ qd+k y;D awmh w
pusiaf usmufukd t±kyx f +k y;D tvkjd ynfw h ,f/ wefc;kd
aemf&xmrif;uae/ a,muQravmif;aumif;r_e@J &mZ csuv f w $ af y;vdu k w f mygy?J 'D awmhvnf; a&S;uvdyk J
}u;D w,fv@kd 0g'jzef@w,f? cif!eG @f bk&m; ud;k uG,rf S
yv†iaf y: a&mufvm+y;D / eef;usb&k iftjzpf tus,f &Ï*k±ak wG yk*b H &k m;rsm;vdk vufnK‡d ;rvJG jzpfomG ;wm
acwfro D vdv k kd zuf&iS x f iG w f ,f? jzpfcsiaf wmh qifEpS f
csKyf tESpo f ;Hk q,f aeoGm;wJh uke;f abmifaemufq;Hk aygh?
aumif &wJt h cg/ usew f hJ Adv
k cf sKyaf wGu qifukd &Scd ;kd &
rif;uav; oDay:rif;txd jrefrm&mZ0ifu &Sib f &k if tJovdk &Sib f &k ife@J bke;f }u;D q&m'um nD!w G f
rSm &Suo f vd&k adS yr,fh Adv k cf if!eG @f u rsuEf mS ajymif
trsm;pk[m ol@udk olu owf+y;D &Sib f &k if jzpfvmwm =uwm[m omoemawmf}u;D udk cs;D ajrm‡ ufwmygw?hJ
wwfoyl yD /D qifu&kd cdS ;kd w,f/ a&csKd ;w,f/ tpmaºu;
awG jzpfygw,f? owfvmolawG tm;vk;H vdv k kd woH [kwyf gw,f? &Sib f &k ifu ausmif;aqmufay;vdu k /f
wnf; ajym=uwmuvnf; ‘omoemawmf }u;D tm; bke;f }u;D u omoemjyKrif;aumif;rif;jrwfw@kd vd@k rde@f wzufo@kd «
pg-10
tifwmeufowif;rsm;
nDvmcHvmwufonhb
f ek ;f }uD; ydu
k q
f t
H cd;k cH& *syef ewfrrd ,fprD u
H ed ;f cav;rsm;rsm;arG;&ef &nf±,
G f
2004/ 'DZifbm 8 &uf(rZÆdrowif;XmerS) (24 12 2004 ,drk t
D &k o
D wif;rS)
*syefEidk if o H nf cav;arG;zGm;E_e;f usqif;jcif;udk &yfwef@&ef ESihf ,if;jy\emudk
pl;pdu k af jz&Si;f &ef pDru H ed ;f opfw&yfukd csrw S cf yhJ gonf?
,if;pDru H ed ;f udk ewfrrd ,fprD u H ed ;f [kac:+y;D ouU&mZf 2005 ckEpS rf pS I 5 ESpf
twGi;f ukr% ` rD sm;/ a'oqdik &f m tpd;k &rsm;ESihf +rKd @e,f/ &yfuu G wf @kd u }uKd ;yrf;
oGm;=u&rnf jzpfygonf?
arG;zGm;E_e;f usqif;vmcJo h nfh *syefv@l tzG@J tpnf;twGuf +y;D cJo h nfh ZGev f
uwfbed uftpnf;ta0;u csrw S af y;cJo h nfh tpDtpOfjzpf+y;D / OD;wnfcsurf sm;rSm-
- cav;rsm;udk trSt D cdu k if;+y;D arG;zGm;Ekid &f efEiS hf use;f use;f rmrm arG;zGm;Ekid &f ef/
- rdbrsm;udk vkyif ef;cGiEf iS hf aetdrw f @kd wGif tqifajya&;twGuf tultnD
ay;Ekid &f ef/
- i,f±, G o f rl sm;tm; vl@b0wefb;kd ESihf rdom;pktcef;u¾ta=umif; oif
=um;yd@k cs&ef/
- cav;rsm;tm; au|;arG;jyKpk apmifah ±Smufa&;qdik &f m udp&P yfrsm; ydrk kd yl;aygi;f
aqmif±u G o f mG ;&ef ponfw@kd jzpfygonf?
,if;pDru H ed ;f onf ukr% ` rD sm;twGuf t"duypfrw S rf sm; jzpfaeygonf? ukr% ` D
'DZifbmv 9 &uf &efuek +f rKd @wGiu f si;f yrnhf 4 }urd af jrmuf urBmAh 'k b < mom wdik ;f cav;jyKpak pmifah &Smufa&; pHepfwckukd xlaxmifxm;&ef/ &ufowWwywfwiG f
nDvmcHrmS vmwufwhJ bke;f awmf}u;D wyg;&J@ ydu k q
f rH sm; tcd;k cH&w,fv@kd od&yg tvkycf sed f em&D(60)ausmaf om tvkyo f rm;ta&twGuu f kd tvGeq f ;kH 10µom
w,f? ydu k q f rH sm; aysmufq;kH oGm;wJh bke;f awmf}u;D [m b*Fvm;a'h&EfS ikd if u H jzpf+y;D xm;±S&d efEiS hf ESppf Of vpmcHpm;cGijhf zifh em;ydik cf iG &hf uftm;vH;k . 55µudk tedrq hf ;kH
bJ@G trnfuawmh OD;ynmaZmwjzpfygw,f? tar&duefa':vm 1800 eJ@ jrefrm taejzifh em;jzpfatmifem;a&;twGuf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; wdu k wf eG ;f oGm;&efw@kd
usyaf iG ESpaf omif;cef@ ol@&J@tdycf ef;twGi;f rSmyJ tcd;k cH&w,fv@kd od&ygw,f? yg0ifygonf?
ydu
k q f t H w d uf kd t+rw J rf;,lomG ;avh&w dS hJ c&D;aqmiftw d x f rJ mS yJ xm;wmjzpf+y;D 2003ckEpS f b¾ma&;ESpw f iG f tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf vpmcHpm;cGi&hf o dS nfh tem;
‚tjyifc%xGufaecsdefrSm aysmufqHk;oGm;wmjzpfw,fvdk@ bkef;awmf}uD; ,lyikd cf iG &hf uf pkpak ygi;f .47µudo k m tem;,lxm;onfukd awG@&S&d +y;D pkpak ygi;f
ausmif;eJ@ eD;pyfow l OD;&J@ ajymjycsut f & od&ygw,f? ‚owif;oH;k wJah e&mu ukr% ` D 61µonf 2002ckEpS u f yif cav;jyKpak pmifah &Smufa&;pepfukd pwifchJ
awmh &efuek w f ikd ;f / wmarG+rKd @e,f jrefrmh*%
k &f nfvrf;rSm&Sw d hJ b*Fvm;a'h&b fS ek ;f }u;D a=umif; od&&dS ygonf? ,if;tjyif cav;xde;f ausi;f rsm; wd;k cs@J a&;qdo k nfh ,cif
ausmif;rSm jzpfygw,f? &S+d y;D om; pDru H ed ;f udv
k nf; qufvufazmfaqmifomG ;rSm jzpfygonf?
e³t³zppftyk pf [ k m urBmAh 'k b
< momnDvmcHukd t"dutzG@J wckjzpfwhJ *syefu cav;arG;zGm;E_e;f usqif;onfh jy\emajz&Si;f &ef pDru H ed ;f ig;ESpw f mumv
eefyq l &k t S zJ@G tygt0if wjcm;Edik if u H tzG@J rsm;[m ppftyk t f aeeJ@ wdik ;f jynftwGi;f twGi;f / uav;xde;f ausmif;rsm;u vufcEH ikd rf nfh uav;ta&twGuu f kd wode;f
u bke;f }u;D rsm;udk rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;wJt h wGuf oydwaf rSmuf rwufa&muf ESpaf omif;rS 2³15 oef;txd wd;k csv J› ufco H mG ;rnf jzpfa=umif;ESihf Edik if w H 0Sr;f &Sd
awmhayrJh r&&atmif nDvmcHukd usi;f yr,fq+kd y;D jyifqifaewmjzpfygw,f? ae@cav;xde;f ausmif;rsm;. 70µwGif cav;i,frsm;tm; yHrk eS af usmif;csed x f uf
tckvkd bmoma&;nDvmcHukd vmwufa&mufwhJ bke;f }u;D wyg;&J@ydu k qf u H kd eHeufapmapmrS nae aemufusonft h csed t f xd vufco H mG ;rnfjzpfa=umif; od&dS
awmif umuG,rf ay;Edik w f t hJ wGuf urBmt h v,frmS awmh odumQ usp&m}u;D tjzpf &ygonf?
qufvufjzpfay:aewmuawmh trSeyf gb?J

uoduatmifh rS «
Edik if jH cm;om;tvkyo
f rm;ydrk v
kd ufc&H ef t-uHay;tzG‹J wifjy
(24 12 2004 ,drk t
D &k o
D wif;rS)
w,f? tJ'gukd bd;k awmfoef;vSu t}u;D tus,f ref;r_ww f ,f? bke;f }u;D awGu *syefEikd if w
H iG f u|r;f usirf [kwaf om tvkyo f rm;rsm;tygt0if Edik if jH cm;om;
&Gw&f zwf&w,f? tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk ydrk v kd ufco H ifah =umif;/ *syefv0l ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;qdik &f m t=uaH y;
a[m- tck Adv k cf if!eG @f vJjyKwaf &m bke;f }u;D awGvnf; tppfaq;cHae&+y?D tzJ@G u *syefw&m;a&;0if}u;D xH wifjycJyh gonf?
wö=um;rif;acgiv f nf; zif=um;rD;avmifomG ;+y?D bk&m;±kyw f ak wGrmS vnf; ikwf tpD&ifcpH mwGif vlO;D a&arG;zGm;E_e;f usqif;vmjcif;onf tvkyo f rm;ta&
wkw?f bke;f }u;D awGem;vnf; tzrf;cH&rSmpd;k vd@k ruyf&=J u? qifEpS af umifvnf; twGuu f kd avsmeh nf;vm&a=umif;ESihf ,if;onf pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef; aqmif±u G rf _
=uaH wmif aºu;r,fv h rl &S?d q&m'umZmwfvrf;u a&S;tpOftvmtwdik ;f r rsm;ukd aES;auG;Edik af =umif; cef@rSe;f wifjyxm;ygonf?
azmufrjyefygbJ? xk@d a=umifh *syefEikd if oH nf txl;jyKu|r;f usio f rl sm;ESihf wwfoed m;vnfol Edik if H
ud}k u;D ay: pOf;pm;rdw,fav? wd@k jrefrmrsm; trsKd ;*k%x f ed ;f odr;f &mrSm qifa& jcm;om;rsm;tm; ydrk v kd ufco H ihaf =umif;/ xd@k jyif xl;jcm;xif&mS ;onfh vkyif ef;e,f
csK;d wmutp/ bk&m;wnf wmtqk;H a&S;jrefrmrif;rsmtwdik ;f wln=D uygayw,f y,frsK;d wGio f mru e,fy,ftrsK;d rsK;d wGif tvkyo f rm;rsm;ukd vufcH &ef tpd;k &u
vd@k ? ud, k u fh ,
kd u
f ,kd f omoemjyK rif;aumif;rif;jrwfrsm;vd@k *k%af zmfjy&mrSmvnf; pOf;pm;oifah =umif;/ txl;ojzifh tvkyo f rm;enf;yg;r_ &ifqikd af e&aom pdu k yf sK;d arG;
t&Surf &Sw d maum q&m'um twdik t f azmufnw D maum wu,fu h kd wln=D uyg jrLa&;eSihf ±d;k &mpufrv _ yk if ef;rsm;wGif vufco H ifah =umif; t=ujH yKxm;ygonf?
ayw,fv@dk ? bmyJjzpfjzpfaygah v trsKd ;*k%f Zmwd*% k q
f +kd y;D r&S&d w
dS mav; *k%, f l t=uaH y;tzJ@G . tpD&ifcw H ifjycsurf sm;udk tajccHI vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;qdik &f m
=unfh&if raumif;bl;vm;vdk@yg? (aemufwywfrS omoemcsD;ajr‡mufykHawG tpDtpOfopfw&yfukd *syefw&m;a&;0ef}u;D Xmeu ,ckEpS w f iG f a&;qJrG nfjzpf
qufygO;D r,f)Ò onf?
Pg-11
aqmif;yg;
ol&aJ umif;rif;udEk idk o
f ‹dk yef-um;v$m OD;wnfvkyf=uygawmhw,f? ‘&Srf;wa,mufeJ@ A
a=urkOH ;D aomif; armufw&m’wd@k ESpOf ;D om oef;ºu,foal X;awG jzpf
vmygw,f? vlqdkwm aiGxkyfudk zifckxdkifrdwmeJ@
“&Sr;f wa,mufe@J Aarmufw&m” ay;=u&Smygw,f? ausmif;om;awGu vufeufuikd f azmufjyef=uwmu "rRwmygy?J
wd@k ESpOf ;D om oef;ºu,foal X;awGjzpfvmygw,f? awmfveS af &; vrf;pOfukd a¶G;=u+y;D ppfjyif=uygw,f? e*du k vnf; Ekid if aH &;udk em;rvnfv@dk Ekid if aH &;v_yf
ZrŠL'Dygawmifu|ef; =obmedrdwfxGef;wJh ol&J vufeufawGp+k y;D ppfavhusichf ef;awG,+l y;D tm; &Sm;r_rsm;wGif rygcahJ vawmh 'Dru kd a&pD&&Sad &;udk xd
aumif;rif;udEk idk f vGwv f mwm[m aumif;aomedrw d f xkwaf e=uqJrmS ausmif;om;tiftm;pk ESpjf crf;uGcJ yhJ g a&mufpmG vkyEf idk pf rG ;f r&Syd gb;l ? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ tpd;k
ayg?h 1958 ckEpS u f p+y;D yv†iaf y:ZGww f uf xkid u f m w,f? ppfra&mufcif jrm;ukew f m 0rf;enf;zk@d aumif; &rsm;/ acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf rdrw d @kd vkyif ef;ukd wm0ef
Edik if oH m;awGukd ESyd pf ufwhJ ppfAv kd rf if;awGudk Edik &f yg w,f? ausmif;om;wyfwzJ@G uqdv k #if vrf;pOfuw GJ hJ ,l&rnf? yGiv hf if;&rnfqw kd hJ usi0hf wfukd em;rvnf
awmhr,fh twdwef rd w d yf ?J ausmif;om;awGukd pykid q f +dk y;D ck¶H ;Hk wif+y;D owfjzwfwhJ awmh &aewJah iGawGukd b,fvo dk ;Hk pGyJ govJv@dk ar;wJh
rif;udEk ikd f rvGwrf aD v;rSmbJ tm%m&Sif ok;H OD;pyf txd &ufpuf=uwm a=uuGzJ @kd aumif;ygw,f? olukd “rif;wk@d tvkyrf [kw/f pm&if;jybd@k rvdk aiGuw l hJ
wdk@ pm;cGufvk cGufapmif;ckwf =uwma=umifh w jynfwiG ;f rSmvnf; e³0³wppfAv kd af wG tzG@J csKyu
f kd olu auseyf&if +y;D wmyJv@kd aiguif rf;+y;D / 'Daumif
aumifusomG ;+yaD v? olw@dk tm;avsmo h mG ;+y?D urBm zdygawmhw,f? acgi;f aqmifrsm;a&m tzG@J 0if rsm;ukyd g v#m&Snfw,f/ 'DaumifhrsufESm igr=unfhcsifbl;/ 'D
ppf}u;D jzpfawmh “t*Fvyd t f cuf Armhtcsu”f qkw d hJ w&=urf; zrf;ygw,f? 'Dawmh vlxu k rJay;+y;D a¶G; aumifukd wd@k tpnf;ta0;awGrmS rzdwef @J ” trdef@
aqmifyk'feJ@ atmifqef;eJ@ barmfwdk@ ArmhxGuf&yf aumufwifajrm‡ ufxm;wJh trwfrif;wpk xkid ;f buf xkwaf wmhwmyJ? &HyaHk iGqw dk m olw@kd ESpaf ,mufudk
*k%
d ;f wnfaqmuf&mu vGwv f yfa&; &cJw h ,f? “ppf odk@ xGufajy;vm=uygw,f? olwdk@u olwkd@udk vSLwmr[kw?f v_y&f mS ;r_uv kd LS wmudk odvsuef @J t
tm%m&Siw f @kd tcuf 'Dru kd a&pDtcsufaygh?” ta&; “jynfyrSm tpd;k &zJ@G =u&ef rSm=um;vku d yf gw,fæ”vd@k vJo G ;Hk pm; ðyae=uw,f?
}u;D vm+y/D 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkw@kd tm;eJ@tife@J wku d f ajym+y;D 1990 ck 'DZifbmv 18 &ufae@rSm trsK;d om; rif;udkEkdifwdk@/ axmifawGxJrSm cHae&olawGwdk@/
+y;D rif;qk;d rif;npfawGukd z,f&mS ;=uzd@k tcgawmfus+y?D !Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &udk zG@J pnf;wnfaxmifygw,f? wkud yf 0JG ifvx l }k u;D wd@k ukd rsuEf mS raxmuf azmufjyef
“usaemfuawmh rdr&d hJ rlvyef;wkid u f kd b,fawmhrS “usaemfw@dk ppftyk pf u k w kd u dk yf gr,f/ ta&; ae=uwmudk &Spaf v;vk;H ausmif;om;av;awGukd ar;
t¶_H;ray; tqkH;rcHygbl;æ”vkd@ rif;udkEkdifu ajym }u;D wmu b¾ma&;yg/ jynfya&muf jrefrm yg/ ausmukv d eS +f y;D 'g%&f mjyygvrd rhf ,f?
w,f? wGi;f xJu vufraxmif+y;D xGuv f mwJh ykpeG f rsm;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;wkid ;f jynfrsm;u aiGvLS =uyg/ aiG tiftm;t}u;D qk;H jzpfwhJ tar&duefu jrefrmh'rD dk
vk;H vdk vufeufjy+y;D xGuv f mwm? ayjzpfpOfu cHc&hJ ua&pD pD;yGg;a&;aumfyakd &;&Si;f }u;D udk zsu+f y;D rSeu f efwhJ
ul=uygæ”vd@k aºu;a=umfygw,f? olw@kd tpd;k &
ayrifh wljzpfatmif tm;xkw+f y;D &efou l x kd zk @kd tm;eJ@ v_y&f mS ;r_ zJ@G zd@k vdw k m =umyg+y?D &efuek u f ppfAv kd af wG
rmefe@J xGuv f mwmav? zGJ@csdefup+yD; aiG&rnfxifolawGukd oHtrwf vdk qif;ray;bJ &mxl;udk zufxm;wma=umifh tar&d
ajymao;w,f “usaemfu tdyrf ufurBmu Ek;d awG cef@wma=umifh jynfyrSm 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ; uefwcku d xda&mufwhJ tul r&Ekid b f ;l ?
vmovkd cHpm;&ygw,f/ ckrS rsupf zd iG w hf myg/ jyify r_ukd nD!w G pf mG vkyu f ikd af ewJh tiftm;pk}u;D 'Drudk a&pDwu dk yf JG tiftm;[m jynfwiG ;f rSmom &Sd
urBmeJ@ tqufjywfaeygw,f/ 'ga=umifh usaemf avh +yKd uo JG mG ;ygw,f? tJ't D csed uf p+y;D “'Dru
kd a&pD wmudk rif;udEk ikd o f yd gw,f? 'Dawmh 16 ESpf vk;H vk;H
vmbd@k vdyk gw,f? +y;D rS bmvky&f rvJ qH;k jzwf&yg vkypf m;ol vlwef;pm;opf”ay:vmygw,f? rSeu f efwv hJ rf;pOfe@J csw D ufaewJh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD
r,fæ”wJh rSev f u kd af v? rif;qk;d rif;npfawGukd tEkid f 'Dru
dk a&pD&&Sad &; &HyaHk iGuokd m OD;wnf&mS azG=uyg tzG@J }u;D ok@d 0ifa&muf+y;D tm;xkwyf gv@dk yef=um;vdyk g
wku d rf ,fo h rl @kd odoifh odxu dk wf hJ jzpf&yfav;awGukd w,f? jynfyEkid if rH sm;u ulnD axmufy=hH uvk@d aiGtif a=umif;? ?
wifjyyg&apvm;æ? tm; awmifw h t hJ cgrmS olw@kd vnf; &efuek uf ppfAv kd f (FIGrS&&Sad om aqmif;yg;udk jyefvnfazmf jyjcif;
88 ck pufwifbm 18 &ufae@rSm vlowf e³t³z awGvdk pm&dwyW su=f uwmygy?J acgi;f aqmifjzpfou l jzpfygonf)
ppftyk pf u k tm%modr;f awmh tajctaet& rif;udk oku
d wf ;l orm;wOD;eJ@ aygi;f +y;D aiGtul&&Sad &;uko d m
Edik w f @kd vlpk ajratmufawmfveS af &;udk vkycf =hJ u&mu
1989 ck rwfv 24 &ufrmS &efou l zrf;rdcahJ wmh 88 a':atmifqef;pk-unfvw
G af jrmufa&; tm&Su,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm; awmif;qdk
ck pufwifbm 24 &ufae@rSm trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD 21 'DZifbm 2004 udak *s({&m0wD)
tzG@J }u;D ukd pwif wnfaxmifwmukd rSwrf yd gvrd rhf ,f?
trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKy}f u;D [m zG@J pnf;csed rf S ‘tm&Sa'o rvGwv f yfao;aom vl@tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;Y 'Dru kd a&pDwnf aqmufa&;’ acgi;f pOfjzifh usi;f y
pjy;D awmh rSeu f efaom vrf;pOfe@J 'Dru dk a&pD&&Sad &;udk onfh nDvmcHo@kd tm&S 13 Edik if rH S 'Dru kd a&pDa&; v_y&f mS ;olrsm;wufa&mufI jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDacgi;f aqmif
wku d cf w hJ ma=umifh vlxw k yfO;D / wyfaygi;f pk}u;D jzpfvm use;f rma&;ESihf vHjk cKH a&;udk pd;k &dr&f a=umif;ESihf olrtm;v$waf y;&ef jrefrmppftyk pf x k o H @kd awmif;qdok nfh a=unm
cJyh gw,f? &v'fuawmh 1990 ck arva¶G;aumufyJG csut f m; xdik 0f rf 'Drukd a&pDazmifa';&Si;f rS uruxjyKvyk af om World Forum for Democratization
in Asia(WFDA) t+y;D xkwjf yefco hJ nf?
rSm trwfae&m 485 rSm tzG@J csKyf trwf 392 OD;udk
vlxu k a¶G;cJyh gw,f? 'gayrifh *wdrwnf t}u¶H idk ;f wJh e³t³zrS a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; aetdrt f us,cf sKyf 1 ESpf oufwrf;wd;k cJh +y;D aemuf 'DZifbm 14
e³0³wppftyk pf u k ygvrD ef usi;f ycGiahf wmif ray;bJ &ufae@u olr.aetdrYf vHjk cKH a&;,lxm;onfh vli,ftzG@J udk jyefvnf±yk o f rd ;f cJo
h vdk aq;0g;ukor_uv kd nf;
trwftrsm;udk zrf;qD;+y;D ESp&f n S v f rsm; axmif'%f uef@owfrr_ sm; vkycf o hJ nf[k tqdyk ga=unmcsuw f iG f azmfjyxm;onf? xd@k jyif e³t³z . ajymifusus
ay;um n‡O;f qJcyhJ gw,f? +crd ;f ajcmuf r_a=umifh tmqD,. H tvSnu hf sOuUXESihf rwef[v k nf; qdx k m;onf?
tJ't D csed rf mS rif;udEk idk w f @kd ausmif;om;pkukd ppfwyf nDvmcHo@kd wufa&muforl sm;u tm&SEikd if rH sm;twGi;f ,H=k unfcsuaf =umifh tusO;f cscaH e&olrsm;tm;vH;k
urJ+yD; &SmazGzrf;qD;wma=umifh trsm;pk xkdif;EkdifiH vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuv f nf; awmif;qdck o hJ nf? AD,uferfEiS hf w±kyw f @kd wGif tusO;f usaeolrsm;. use;f rma&;
bufukd ajy;cJ=h uygw,f? xdik ;f e,fpeG rf mS a&mufaewJh tajctaerSm tifrwefq;kd ±Gm;aea=umif;vnf; azmfjy+y;D blvw f efEiS fh ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;&Sd 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;
u&ifvufeufudkif acgif;aqmifrsm;u qD;óutm; olrsm; t}urd }f urd f aESmuf,u S af pmfum;cHae&jcif;/ zrf;qD;ta&;,l cHae&jcif;wd@k udv k nf; ylyefa=umif; xkwf
azmfxm;onf?
pg-12
uAsm uAsm

usm;qd;k ESit
hf pd;k & Armjynfom;
(uAsmZmwfvrf;)
*E<mu&mZf pkvpfreG cf íef Edik if v
H nf;cspf jynfocl spwf hJ
+rdK@yeG u
f sK;H a& taxGaxGwnfh id±k u
_d af eyHk jrif&.æ? rsKd ;cspaf cgi;f aqmif 0ifºh um;vd@k xal xmif
a&0ifa&xGuf woufoufjzifh q&m}uD;u jzpfyakH =umif;&if; Tjynfaxmifpk ay:cJ&h ayæ?
csed pf ufem&D rD;usnyf ef;yGm; xdt k cif;udk owif;ar;&m
vGe@f veG @f omG ;vsuf wnfxm;onfrmS vGecf ahJ jcmufv usm;qd;k waumif Edik if ahH &S@a&; aumif;usKd ;awG;vd@k
wifw h ,fpmG wnfh tkwv f m$ c|ecf |ef aoatmifowfI cifyeG ;f qH;k a=umif;od&.æ? vlrsKd ;ta&;rd@k tav;xm;cJh
o±d;k uyfvsuf }uD;=uyf+rdK@wnf trsKd ;om;wd@k armfc&hJ ayæ?
q&m}uD;vnf; a0;eD;wnfxm;
cef@xnf±yk v f ;kH ±_rqH;k +yD
tkw*f rl sm;udk ar;jref;rd&m wd@k vnf;Arm urBmay:rSm
vl(Lu)e,fa'o jzpfownf;æ?
±Gmolru [dw k *lum; &ifabmifw f ef;bd@k pdwu
f ;l pdwof ef;
ol@acwfo@l cg xdpk Ofcgu vGecf EhJ pS Ef pS f zcifjzpfI vef;qef;avSsmufvrS ;f jref cJ=h uvnf;æ
[drk mS we,f onfwe,fwiG f onfw*lum; olr.armif
vl(Lu)e,frmS zGm; usm;qd;k waumif aoatmifowfI *krmB efacwfa&mufv@kd a&=unfvnf;aemufjyD
uGejf zL;qD;,m;(Confucicus) aocJ&h owJæ h ? Vif;wem;vd@k &Guo f pfawGvnf;aºujyDr@kd
a,musm;F okcrdef ay:xGe;f csed o
f nf ajzrqnfEidk w
f hJ wd@k jynfom;wd@k /
±Gmolpum; =um;&aomtcg
bDp(D 551-475)ESpf jzpfownf;æ?
&ifrmS cHcuf emusiv f sujf zifh
a&mifjcnfwazsuaf zsmuf
Tod@k jzifyfh if uGejf zL;qD;,m; q&m}uD;u Tr#usm;qd;k
b0vnf;aysmuf
q&m}uD;tm; wkyu f ±G u
kd sK;d rif;rlp;kd onfh usm;qd;k e,fwiG f
aoG;acGs;ayguvf @kd
cdu
k ;kd a,muFsm; wynfo h m;oH;k axmif aernfth pm; +rdK@uakd jymif;ygvm;wJæ h
Edik if vH nf;aysmufavjyD
teD;aqmif(72)OD; txl;xl;tm; q&m}uD;pum; ±Gmol=um;aomf
b,fqrD eS ;f a&muf a&mufaeygvnf;
q&m}uD;u rdom;pkEiS Ehf ikd if aH wmf ‘q&m}uD; 'D±mG rSmu usm;qd;k om&Sd
yef;wdik t f a&muf cswD ufomG ;rJh
(Family and State)udk tpd;k &r&S’d [lownf;æ?
Armjynfom;æ
tvif;aqmifI &Si;f atmifjyoay;ownf;æ?
armi
armiffpi
iff=u,f
wuUov
kd pf ;kd oD[
wae@oY q&m}uD;onf
BDA Group(Japan)
vl(Lu)e,ftwGi;f vSnv hf nf&if;jzifh
wHigw@kd ±mG a&mufIvmonf
ar#mfavwdik ;f rdi+ ;f &D


wHigtar; tajzay;&m
‘ig;}uD;}uD;vdak omf a&eufeufqif; a[h oli,fcsi;f wd@k STAR MARK 1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
tm;ay;r_tm;aus;Zl;wifpmG jzifh
ig;rsm;rsm;vdak omf uGeu f u
kd s,uf s,yf uf vGwvf yfa&;&wm
ydu
k }f udK;udu
k m; +rJuikd x
f m;’[lownf;æ? 57 ESpaf &muf+yD;
wu,fvw
G v
f yf&@J vm; oli,fcsi;f ? =u,fpif ukep
f q
kH i
kd f
xkrd S
ae@ae@nn pdw&f o dS r# a&;r& ajymr&
[drk oS nfo@kd onfr[ S o kd @kd aqG;aEG;wdik yf ifv@kd r&wJb
h 0
➣ jrefrmr*~Zif;rsm;/ jrefrmoDcsi;f acGEiS hf VideoacGoefŒrsm;?
‘ul;wd@k ’ozG,f ulo,facgujf yef wu,fvw G vf yf&@J vm; oli,fcsi;f ? ➣ okwESihf &opmayrsm;?
ajrudv k eS I
f a&mufjyefonf±h mG ➣ oef‹&Si;f vwfqwfaom jrefrmpmzG,rf sm/;/ Ready Madersm;?
ynmwwfrsm; aygrsm;jiif;ckef wdik ;f wyg;a&mufrS ➣ vufry+ pPn;f rsm;/ aq;0g;trsK;d rsK;d / w,fvzD ek ;f u'ftrsK;d rsK;d ?
aqG;aEG;yHu k kd =um;±Hrk #jzifh
q&m}uD;u &ifurkd I
vGwv f yfa&;t&omod&
cHpm;&wJb h 0
➣ uGejf yLwmESihf tydtk pdwtf ydik ;f ypPn;f rsm; 0,f,&l &SEd ikd yf gonf?
txl;tpDtpOf
‘ynm&Swd @kd &ifrmS avSavSmEf ikd af pa=umif; 0rf;enf;p&mraumif;vm; pm;aomufuek f ,ef; 1000zd;k ESit
hf xuf 0,f,o
l w
l ikd ;f tm;
owif;aumif;udak y;cJ. h ’æ? oli,fcsi;f ? Service Couponjyefvnfwkef@jyefygrnf?
Tod@k jzpfyif ±GmpOf±mG quf wevFm/ aom=um ae@vnf 12 em&DrS n 1 em&Dtxd
'd@k Eifkd if v
H w
G vf yfa&;
±GmpOfqufI xGucf mG c&D; zwfpmtkyx f rJ mS od& pae/ we*FaEGEiS ±hf ;kH ydw&f uf ae@vnf 11 em&DrS n 1 em&Dtxd
q&m}uD;onf ±Gmt h aemufpeG ;f ar#maf vwdik ;f rdi_ ;f &Da0aeygvm; ydw&f ufr&Syd g? e,fo@kd Takyubinjzifh ydk@ay;onf?
cyf,eG ;f ,Ge;f Y rGe;f wnfch sed w
f iG f oli,fcsi;f ? Tel/Fax..03 5567 2523, HP:090 8568 9099
a&mufvmv#irf l ±GmolwOD; Toshima-Ku, Kita Otsuka 2-11-3,
zkwv f ;l vl;jzifh tkw*f al &SY› Edik Af rm Ichida Bldg #602, Tokyo, 170-0004
Pg-13
pmtkypf ift!$e;f
pifwifonfrh ;kd aomuf-u,fpmtkyrf sm;
yg&*l- rif;ESijhf ynfol
trSwpf Of- 1255
jrifcahJ vonf? uvd*w F ikd ;f jynfrS vlaygi;f wode;f ig;aomif;udk wdik ;f jynftjyifty
&ef o l i g;yg; od@k ok@H yef;tjzpf ac:aqmifomG ;cJo h nf? vlaygi;f wode;f '%f&mtemw& &&Scd hJ
xJrSm rif;qdkwJh onf? ,if;ta&twGux f uf tqrsm;pGmydak om vlrsm; aoa=uysupf ;D =uonf?/
[m wyg;yg yg vd@k a&;xd;k xm;wmudk awG@&ygw,f? q&m}u;D yg&*luvnf; p¾maomu(vl
w,f? =urf;}u;D taomu)qd+k y;D a&;xm;ygw,f?
rif ; aumif ; trSm;eJ@ ruif;=uwm vl@obm0yg?
rif;jrwfe@J qd&k if trSm;udo k v d @kd trSejf yifjy;D / tJ'rD eS u f efwhJ vrf;ay:rSm &J&&J if&h ifh av#uv f rS ;f wJh
awmh awmf y g ol[m ol&aJ umif;yg? uvd*pF pfyu JG yJ taomurif;&J@ b0udk tarSmifuae
ao;&J@/ rif;qd;k tvif;qDukd yd@k ay;vdu k w f mygb?J
rif;npfe@J qd&k if ppfcso D mG ;&if; Ak'*< ,m&Sd apwDyx k ;kd eJ@ ausmif;wdu k af wGukd zsuq f ;D / vl@touf
awmh vl x k & J @ aygi;f rsm;pGmudk owfcw hJ hJ ppfbv D ;l }u;D ppfyo JG m Ekid o f mG ;w,f?
b0[m i&Jwr# wae@rS pm;r0if tdyrf aysmef @J &ifxu J tylr;D udk +ird ;f r&Ekid f jzpfaewJt h csed rf mS
ygbJ? ppfreS w f hJ +ird ;f csr;f r_ukd &&Sx d m;wJh wd\raxm&f&@J qH;k roGeo f ifru _ kd cH,&l if;
rif;aumif;rif; vrf;rSeaf y: av#mufvrS ;f &mu aemufq;kH awmh urBm@ordik ;f rSm xif&mS ;ausmf
jrwfqdkwm w =um;wJh bk&if{u&mZfwyg;/A'k b < mom orkid ;f Y t}u;D rm;qH;k omoemjyK wwd,
&m;ESit hf nD tm o*Fg,emwif rif;wyg; jzpfcw hJ mygb?J
%mtyfESif;cH& 'gukd q&m}u;D u yd,'\Dtaomu(ewfvw l @kd csp=f unf!adk om taomu)
zdk@ vdktyfovdk vd@k a&;xm;ygw,f? taomurif;&J@ ausmufpmrSm-
wd k i f ; ol / jynf ”ig. om;ajr;rsm;onf vufeufjzifh tEdik &f &So d nfh atmifjrifru _ kd
om;awG tay: &&Sx d u kd o f nfh atmifjrifr[ _ k r,lq=u vif?h +ird ;f csrf;r_EiS hf tjypf'%f ayghayghyg;yg;
rSm w&m;eJ@t ay;r_w@kd Y pdw0f ifpm;=uyg? w&m;"rREiS hf tEkid &f &So d nfh atmifjrifru _ o kd mv#if
nD tkycf sKyzf @kd vdk atmifjrifr[ _ k ,lq=uyg? }uKd ;pm;tm;xkwjf cif;Y arG@avsmfaysmfyu kd jf cif;onf
tyfygw,f? omv#if tppt&m&m atmifjrifjcif; rnfavonf? ,if;atmifjrifjcif;onf
wcsKd @aom tkyf csKyrf if;vkyo f l awG [m tm%mr&cifu awmh vlxq k EN[m rsufarSmufavmuY vnf;aumif;/ wrvGeaf vmuY vnf;aumif; tusdK;
t"duwJ?h tm%m vnf;&+y;D a&m ud, k &hf @J qENomy"ge qd+k y;D zd;k oif;arsmuf vkyjf y w&m; jzpfxeG ;f apavonf”[k a&;xd;k xm;ygw,f?
awmhwmygb?J bk&iftaomu&J@ v$waf wmfe@J jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wG tay:rSm
'Dae&mrSm tkycf sKyo f al wG[mvnf; usaemfw@kd vdk omrmefval wGygb?J azmuf usKd ;EGyH u kH vnf; twk,zl @kd tifrwefaumif;ygw,f?f tHv h nf;tHyh g&@J æ b,facwf
jyefwwfwhJ oabm&Syd gw,f? olw@kd awGukd xdr;f uGyzf @kd pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;awG/ b,fumvu b,fb&k ifuawmhjzifh b,frzd &k m;udk b,favmufxcd spv f @kd b,f
Oya'awG xkw&f ygw,f? aeufq;kH rSmawmh wdik ;f jynf&@J tjrifq h ;kH tm%mydik f ESp±f mG ay;oem;vdu k wf ,f qdw k mbJ =um;zl;w,f? taomu{u&mZf touf
tzJ@G tpnf;uawmh vlx&k @J ud, k pf m;vS,af wGe@J zJ@G pnf;xm;wJh jynfo@l v$wf xufru cspjf rwfE;dk wJh oluawmh rdz&k m;}u;D wd\&uQw d r[kw/f rm*"Ekid if t H pd;k
awmfqw kd m jzpfvmygw,f? v$waf wmf&@J atmufukd tvdv k akd &mufomG ;wJh bk&if/ &. 0g'udk tkycf sKyaf &;wjcm;/ bmoma&;wjcm; jzpfatmif&,fæ/ ol@udv k nf;
rif;/ orRw/ 0ef}u;D csKyf tp&Sw d hJ olawG[m jynfou l ay;wJh vcud, k /l jynfo@l 0ef}u;D tzJ@G &@J vufatmufct H jzpfe@J aewwfatmif t+rx J ed ;f odr;f !$e=f um;ay;wJh
trdef@udkemcH/ jynfolcdkif;wm vkyf&wJh jynfol@tapcH vHk;vHk;jzpfoGm;awmh ol@&@JtrwfcsKy}f u;D &m"*kwyW g?
wmygb?J taomu[m olzsuq f ;D vd@k ysupf ;D oGm;wJh Ak'*< ,mu ausmif;wdu k ef @J apwD
vlxek @J vlxu k , kd pf m;vS,t f rwf/ 4if;trwfawGe@J v$waf wmf/ v$waf wmfe@J udk jyefvnfjyKjyifz@kd twGuf a±$'*Fg; ode;f ESpq f ,fvakd ew,f? tJ'u D pd u P kd &m"*kwW
Edik if aH wmf t}u;D tuJ qdo k al wG b,fvkd ywfoufqufpyf ae=uovJqw kd mudk tr_;&Sw d hJ r_;rwftzJ@G (od@k ) 0ef}u;D tzG@J ESihf v$waf wmfrmS aqG;aEG;wJt h cgrmS awmh
az: jyxm;wJh q&m=u;D yg&*l &J@ ‘rif;eJ@jynfo’l udk rd;k aomuf=u,f&@J pmcspo f rl wd f w&m;trwf}u;D u -
aqGawGe@J rdwq f ufay;yg&ap? ”uíEfyk w f @kd [m jynfo h @l b¾mudk ydik q f ikd o
f rl sm; r[kw=f uyg? xde;f odr;f apmifh
tdE,dN pma&;q&m ‘rd[ k efvmv[rwd0k ad ,m*D’ [dEb DN momjzifh a&;om; a&Smufolrsm;om jzpf=uygw,f? EkdifiHawmftpdk;&. b¾mudk oHk;pJG+yD;
xm;wJh r[mrH}w(D r[mtrwf}u;D )udk bmomjyefxm;wmyg? c&pfray:rD oH;k &m ausmif;wdu k Ef iS hf apwD jyefvnfjyKjyifz@kd cGirhf jyKEkid f ”qdjk y;D y,fcsc&H w,f?
pkEpS u f tdE, dN Ekid if H rm*"jynfwiG f aemiftcg urBmo h rdik ;f Y txif&mS ; tausmf ay;xm;wJh uwduvnf;&S/d qENuvnf;jyif;jyaeawmh/ rxl;wJt h qH;k rdz&k m;
=um;qH;k bk&if{u&mZfwyg; jzpfvmonfh taomubk&if eJ@ ol@&J@ trwfcsKy}f u;D }u;D &J@ vuf0wfwefqm/ &wemawGukd xkcaGJ &mif;csz@kd qH;k jzwfvu kd yf gava&mwJ?h
wd@k &J@ p±du k u f kd tom;ay;xm;onfh ordik ;f aemufcH 0wˆK jzpfygw,f? uJæ taomurif;uawmh jynfoo l mtrd/ jynfoo l mtzqdw k x hJ ;kH ESv;kH rl+y;D
taomurif;wa,muf t0dZm… awG v$r;f jy;D ppfreS w f +hJ ird ;f csr;f r_ r&cJph Ofwek ;f u jynfo@l ud, k pf m;vS,af wG&@J tqH;k tjzwfukd E_wef @J awmif uvefuqefrvky/f
b,favmufawmif &ufpuf=urf;=uKwcf o hJ vJ qdw
k m ol@&J@ aemufq;kH ppfyjGJ zpfwhJ rm*"jynfoal wGbufua&m olw@kd bk&if&@J &ifxu J tylr;D udk b,fvu kd v l @kd +ird ;f
uvd*pF pfyu GJ oufaoygb?J ol&@J ausmufpmtrSwf q,fo h ;kH rSm- ‘tbdou d cf H ay;rvJqw kd mætaomuvdk bk&if(Ekid if t hH }u;D tuJ)rsKd ; twdik ;f wdik ;f / tjynfjynf
,l+y;D aemuf &SpEf pS af jrmufY taomubk&ifonf uvd*w F ikd ;f udk wdu k cf ukd af tmif rSm ay: xGe;f ygapom;vd@k qENjyK&if; &yfem;yg&ap?
armifz;kd aZmf
pg-14
eufay:u [morsm; ay;pm
'gqd&k if rvkyd gbl; od@k
rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw
h u
kd t
f zJ@G om;rsm;cifAsm;æ
tmumrdkufwD;
r*Fvmtaygif;eJ@jynfph yHk gapæ?
touf 100 jynfah tmif aecsiw
f hJ vl±,
G w
f a,mufu q&m0efqo
D mG ;+y;D b,fvakd e pmaumif;ayaumif;awG zwf&wm r*Fvm&So d mG ;wmyJ?
xdik o
f ifh w,fqw
kd m tultnDawmif;owJ?h tao0emp AmvmeH y¾dwmeÌ ao0emæwJAh s/
pmaumif;ayaumif;awG zwf&wm ynm&So d al wmfaumif;
q&m0ef? ? cifAsm;aq;vdyaf omufvm;æ awGe@J awG@qkaH ygif; oif;&ovdyk ?J
vl±,
G ?f ? [ift
h if; usaemf prf;awmif raomufz;l ygb;l æ/ ynm&w,fAsm/ tm;&auseyfw,f/ ynmqdw k m vlom;awG&@J
a&S@aqmifvrf;jywJh tvif;a&mifyrJ [kwv f m;æ?
q&m0ef? ? 'gq&kd if t&ufa&mæ
32 rsufEmS om&Sad omfvnf; orRwtdrjf zLawmfu xkww f hJ
vl±,
G ?f ? vH;k vH;k rxdb;l q&mæ urBmausm*f sme,f wapmifukd zwfvu dk o f vdyk J av;av;eufeuf
q&m0ef? ? [kw+f yD avmif;upm; 0goemygovm;æ eJ@ wefz;kd &Sv d ukd wf mrsm;Asmæ/ bmeJ@ OyrmEdi_ ;f +y;D rd;k aomuf=u,f
*sme,fukd ajym&rvJawmif rodawmhygbl;Asm?
vl±,
G ?f ? a0;a0;u a&Smifw,fæ ig;yd&nfaumif;aumif;eJ@ 'nif;oD;wd@k p&mav;udk pm;vdu k &f
q&m0ef? ? um;awG qdik u
f ,fawGa&m t&Sed jf yif;jyif; armif;avh armif;x&So
d vm;æ ovdyk ?J [J- [J- [J- pm;csifv@kd pum;ac:wmr[kwb f ;l æ?
vl±,
G ?f ? tJ'v
D kd armif;zd@k qdw
k ma0;vd@k cyfjrefjrefarmif;wJo
h al wGe@J awmif c&D;roGm;bl;æ iwfaewmawmh =umyg+y?D
tarhom; armifb*srf;(uAsmq&mwifr;kd )omqd&k if 'gwif
q&m0ef? ? rde;f r taysmt
f yg;a&m vdu
k pf m;wwfvm;æ r[kwb f ;l ? 'nif;oD;wd@k p&meJ@ xrif;+red +f red pf m;+y;D pD;u&ufw
vl±,
G ?f ? [ift
h if;æ vdyyf g vuf=um;n‡y+f y;D tm;&yg;& zGm ±du _ v f ukd Of ;D r,fxifw,fAs?
bmyJajymajymyg- cifAsm;wd@k *sme,fu 'gawGtm;vk;H xuf
q&m0ef? ? tJ'gawG wckrS 0goem rygb;l aygæ
h
aumif;w,fAs?
vl±,
G ?f ? 0goem ryg±w
kH if r[kwb
f ;l q&m/ b,fawmhrv
S nf; vkyrf mS r[kwb
f ;l æ t&Sed t f 0gaumif;aumif;eJ@ qufvufxw k Ef ikd yf gapvd@k om
qkawmif;w,f?
q&m0ef? ? 'gqkd cifAsm;u touf 100 jynfah tmif aep&mrS rvdb
k AJ s?
*sme,fxw k w f ,fqw kd m trsm;aumif;usdK;udk ±Guo f ,fy;kd wJh
tvkyu f kd vkyw f mAs?
trsm;udk owif;ay;wm/ A[kow k ay;wm/ tawG;tjrifukd
b,ftcsed &f _dS yDvJ jri‡ whf ifay;wm qdak wmh trsm;aumif;usdK;udk aqmif±u G w f xhJ rJ mS
tmumrdkufwD; pmayvkyif ef;[m tjrifjh rwf qk;H / tqift h wef;t&Sq d ;Hk yJv@kd 'Dvykd J
jrifw,fAsm?
pdwyf gwJt h cg aumufvyk +f y;D / pdwrf ygawmh&if &yfvu kd wf mrsKd;
aomrwft,f'q
D if[m v#ypf pfr;D udk &&Szd @kd twGuf prf;oyfrr_ sm;pGm jyKvyk cf yhJ gw,f? aocsm
vJ vkyzf @kd rvG,b f ;l As? ,k=H unfcsufukd tajccHxm;avawmh tm;
atmifvnf; t}urd }f urd pf rf;oyfowJ?h wnrSmawmh v#yfppfr;D udk atmifjrifpmG wDxiG v
f u
kd f rmefygygeJ@ a&&Snv f yk of mG ;rS& wmAs?
Edik yf gava&m? tJ't
D csed u
f oef;acgiaf usmaf eyg+y?D tuf'q
D ifu olxeG ;f vdu
k v
f @kd vif;oGm;wJh b,favmufyJ aumif;wmawG vkyaf eygapæ/ raumif;jrifwhJ
ol/ cEd;k ceJ@ uJ&h @J wJv h al wGuakd wmh b,fawmhrS a&Smifv@kd &rSmr
rD;vH;k uav;udk ausauseyfeyf=unf+h y;D prf;oyfcef;xJuae jAKe;f qdk tdrx
f u
J kd ajy;0ifvu
kd w
f ,f? [kwb f ;l As?
+y;D awmh tdraf y:xyf tdycf ef;xJukd ajy;0ifomG ;ygowJ?h tdy&f may:rSm&Sad ewJh ZeD;onfu ol@udk bmyJajym=uygap? ud, k u f aumif;wmvkyw f myJ/ 'Dawmh
xdwv
f ef@w=um; =unfah eowJ?h ud, k v hf rf;a=umif;udk rwdr;f rapmif;apyJ pdwaf pwemaumif;
aumif;eJ@ a&S@quf+y;D vkyaf qmifomG ;zd@k yg yJ?
“bmjzpfvmwmwke;f æ” omoemydkifq&mawmfjzpfwJh a&$[oFmq&mawmf}uD;u
“ud,
k pf rf;oyfaewm atmifjrifomG ;+yu
D Gæ” atmufygvuFmav;eJ@ wynfah wGukd qk;H roGm;w,fAs? wd@k wawG
vJ tJ't D wdik ;f aqmif&u G =f u& atmifæ?
“tJ'Dawmhæ”
trsm;tusdK;/ ±Guo f nfy;kd u
“wcsdefvHk; rD;xGef;vdk@&oGm;+yD? rif;vkduf=unhfygvm;æ? udk,fxGef;xm;wJh rD;vHk;uav;u cEd;k ceJ@/ qdu
k &hJ @J vJ
vif;xdeaf ewmyJ? tarSmifukd tHwEk ikd +f yaD ygu
h Gæ” rzdwrf apmif;/ ud, k vhf rf;a=umif;udk
pdwaf umif;eJ@,SO/f a&S;&SKESiaf vmh’ wJ?h
'Dtcg ZeD;onfu rsuEf mS xm;wif;wif;eJ@ tckvakd jymvdu
k o
f wJ?h wd@k wawGvnf; pdwaf umif;av;awGe@J a&S@od@k c&D;ESi=f u&
“bmtarSmifukd tHwEk ikd &f rSmvJæ? em&Duv
kd nf;=unhyf gO;D æ tck b,ftcsed &f adS e+yv
D æ
J oGm;æ atmifAsm?
tJ'rD ;D vH;k udo
k mG ;ydwaf cs? tdy&f m0ifawmhæ”
udo
k uf
({&m0wDtifwmeufpmrsufEmS rS ul;,lazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf?)
Pg-15
&SeD m*g0ESihf tDbm&cd v 0 u tusO;f pcef;rS &Jabmfrsm;. &ifziG o
hf rH sm;

*syefEikd if /H wdu
k sKd+rKd @ESihf tvGeaf 0;uGmvSaom tDbm&cd±ikd /f tk&cdS +k rKd @rSm 'kuo Q nftjzpfavsmufxm;aom jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;olrsm;tygt0if wjcm;
aom Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;udk csKyfaESmifxm;wJh v³0³u xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;&Syd gw,f? tJ'rD mS &S=d uwJh Edik if jH cm;om;awGxrJ mS jrefrmvlrsKd; pkpak ygif; 30 ausmf&ydS gw,f?
xdo k rl sm;u 'DZifbm 10 &ufae@rSmusa&mufwhJ Edik if w H umvl@tcGit hf a&;ae@rSm *syeftpd;k &ESihf *syefv³0³u0efxrf;awGukd vl@tcGit hf a&;qdwk hJ t"dym` ,fukd
od&edS m;vnf+y;D vufawG@usus usifo h ;kH vmapa&;eJ@ 'kuo Q nftjzpf avsmufxm;olrsm;udk zrf;qD;xm;r_tay: uef@uGuo f nft h aejzifh 24 em&D=um
tpmiwfcq H ENjyzd@k pDpOfcyhJ gw,f? OD;aqmiforl sm;u jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;yg?('kuo Q nftjzpf avsmufxm;olrsm;udk tckvkd zrf;qD;wm *syefEifkd if w H Edifk b
f J &Syd gw,f)
tqdyk gtpDtpOfukd oufqikd &f mtzJ@G tpnf;toD;oD;rsm;xHo@kd *syef-jrefrm ESpb f momjzifh a&;om;xm;wJh awmif;qdck sufrsm;udk vufrw S af &;xd;k
wifjycJyh gw,f? wifjyonft h wdik ;f +ird ;f csrf;pGm qEN=uygw,f?
qENjyr_tay: *syefv³0³u 0efxrf;rsm;eJ@ wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u tiftm;oH;k +y;D t=urf;zuf +zKd cGi;f cJyh gw,f? ud, k x
f v
d ufa&mufvnf; xd;k }uw d cf o hJ nft h wGuf
'g%f&m&olrsm;vnf; &Scd yhJ gw,f? xd@k aemuf OD;aqmifol jrefrmwcs›Ku d kd wdu k yf w d cf yhJ gw,f?
tqdyk gvky&f yfEiS hf ywfouf+y;D usaemfw@kd ‘rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h u kd ’f od@k tusOf;pH&aJ bmfrsm;xHrS ay;yd@k onfh pmrsm;/ zke;f quf+y;D ta=umif;=um;oHrsm;/
rsufjrifoufaorsm;. ajymqdck sufrsm;/ ulnaD qmif±u G af y;olrsm;. &ifziG o hf rH sm;udk rSww f rf;wiftoHoiG ;f xm;ovdk xdak e@u awmif;qdo k nfh a=ujimcsuf
udv
k nf; Edik if w H uma&muf rsKd;cspfjrefrmrsm; od&adS tmif rd;k aomuf=u,f *sme,frw S qifh azmfjyay;vdu
k yf gw,f?

ae‹pJ?G 2004/ 'DZifbm (7)&uf

Edik if w
H umvGw_f idr;f csr;f omcGit
hf zJ‹G tpnf;(*syef)
ta-umif;t&m? ?2004 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmb(10)&ufae‹wGif usa&mufaom urBmv
h ‹l tcGiahf &;rsm;ae‹wGif (24)em&D tpmiwfcIH axmufc}H uKd qdjk cif;?

jyKvkyrf nft
h csed f ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³(2004/ 12/ 10) (00;00)em&DrS
(24;00)em&D

‘vl@tcGit hf a&;’qdo k nfrmS vlom;wdik ;f . arG;&myg tcGit hf a&;jzpf+y;D vlom;tm;


vH;k ESihf oufqikd I f vlom;wdik ;f &,lyikd q f ikd cf iG hf &Sad yonf? tom;a&mif/ vlrsK;d / bmom/
Edik if aH &;/ vlra_ &;/ uJjG ym;jcm;em;r_r&Sb d J vGwv f yfI wef;wlnrD #aom *k%o f ud mQ
tqifu h kd cHpm;ydik q f ikd cf iG &hf adS yonf?
(1945)ckEpS rf S pwifI urBmu h v k or*~wiG f ‘vl@tcGit fh a&;’[laom pum;udk
pwifo;kH pJcG +hJ y;D tar&duefEikd if /H qefz&efpu P +kd rKd @wGif ukvor*~yËdnmOfpmwrf;udk rl
=urf;a&;qJcG &hJ m tpd;k &r[kwaf om tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ trsK;d orD;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;/ tvkyf
orm;or*~tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wd@k onf ukvor*~tzJ@G 0if Edik if iH ,frsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f I ukv
or*~csmwm(CHARTER)wGif vl@tcGit hf a&; ESihf ywfowfI tao;pdyx f nho f iG ;f
ap&ef vHa_ qmfcahJ yonf?
‘vl@tcGit hf a&;’udk av;pm;vdu k ef m&efonf urBmu h v k or*~. t"du&nf±, G f
csujf zpfa=umif;/ vlrsK;d bmom/ rde;f r a,musmF ;rcJjG cm;bJ tajccHvw G vf yfaom ‘vl@
tcGit hf a&;’udk av;pm;&ef vdak =umif; azmfjyxm;ayonf?
xd@k a=umifh (1946)ckEpS w f iG f urBmu h v k or*~v@l tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Sirf S a&;qJcG hJ
aom a=unmpmwrf; tm; (1948)ckEpS f 'DZifbmv(10)&ufae@udk ‘urBmv h @l tcGiahf &;
rsm;ae@’[k owfrw S f twnfjyKcahJ yonf?
(1993)ckEpS f ukvor*~rS }u;D rSL;usi;f yaom ‘vl@tcGit hf a&;’nDvmcHwiG f jyÏmef;cJh
onfh ‘AD,ifem’ a=unmpmwrf; tajccHoabmxm;rsm;udk ukvor*~tzJ@G 0if Edik if H
aygi;f (171)Edik if rH S vufrw S af &;xd;k xyfrt H wnfjyKcahJ yonf?
u|Eykf w f @kd onf urBmEh ikd if t H oD;oD;rS vlom;rsm;jzpf+y;D vuf&dS vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;
qdwo f ek ;f aeaom Edik if rH sm;rS a&muf&v dS mcJo h rl sm; jzpfayonf? ,QKtcg xyfrI H tajccH
vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm; vGwv f yfrr_ sm;ukd qH;k ±_;H vsuf tzrf;qD;cH=u&onfrmS (3)ESpaf usmf
(2)ESpaf usmf (1)ESpaf usmv f eG f aeolrsm; trsm;tjym;&Sad e=uygonf? &mZ0wfru _ sL;vGejf cif;r&Sb d J vlrsK;d / bmom/ Edik if aH &;ESiyhf wfowfI vGwv f yfpmG v_y&f mS ;cGit hf wGuf
*syefEikd if w
H iG f cdv
k c_H iG hf avsmufxm;=uaom vlom;rsm;tm; *syefEikd if t H pd;k &onf ‘vl@tcGit fh a&;’udk av;pm;vdu k ef m wefb;kd xm;wufaom Edik if w H Edik if [H k qdyk gu
vlom;rsm;jzpfaom u|Eykf w f @kd . vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;udk vpfvsLr±_ xm;bJ tjrefq;kH aqmif±u G af y;&ef awmif;qdv k u kd yf gonf? vlom;rSeo f r# vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk
wefb;kd xm;wufap&ef qENjyK xm0&}uKd qakd eygonf?
tDbm&cdv³0³utusOf;cpef;

pg-16
&SeD m*g0ESihf tDbm&mcdv 0 u tusO;f pcef;rS &Jabmfrsm;. &ifziG o
hf rH 1234567890123456789012345678901
sm;
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
urBmv h @l tcGit
hf a&;ae@rSm rdrwd @kd &J@ cHpm;csuu
f kd xkwaf z:jyoaewmudk vltif;tm;oH;k +y;D +zKd cjJG cif;u qufvufI
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
*syefEidk if [H m vl@tcGit hf a&;udk rav;pm;bl;qdw k m ay:vGiaf ew,f? rsdK;jrifah qG (BDA Group tzG@J 0if) 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
v³0³u taeeJ@ 'Davmuf jyif;jyif;xefxef rvkyo
f ifb
h ;l vd@k xifw,f? oef;xdu
k f (LDB tzG@J 0if) igwd@k onf-
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
'Dru kd a&pD&aJ bmf
1234567890123456789012345678901
ArmEdik if o
H m;awG[m wjcm;Edik if o
H m;awGe@J rwlb;l æ? vl@tcGit hf a&;twGuf wdu k yf 0GJ ifae=uwmjzpfw,f? 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
a&aEG;r&vd@k wdu k af e=uwm r[kwb f ;l ? 'Dvkd vGwv f yfciG t
hf wGuf wduk yf 0GJ ifaeolawGukd zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmif 1234567890123456789012345678901
urBmrausmfvnf;
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
xm;wm[m *syefEikd if rH mS vJ 'Dru
kd a&pDr&Sb d ;l qdw
k m jyaew,f? 0if;ausmf( NLD L.A Japan tzJ@G 0if) 1234567890123456789012345678901
jynfawmfwm0ef
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
tcktwdik ;f awmh usaemfw@kd udk vuf&t
dS aetxm;twdik ;f ajz&Si;f zd@k rvdyk gb;l ? trSeu
f awmh usaemfw@kd udk 1234567890123456789012345678901
wd@k aus¹yefz@kd
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
at;at;aq;aq;eJ@ 'DrSm ajymqdk+yD;awmh vlpJGcJGvkd@&ygw,f? 'gayrJh tcktaetwdkif; 0ifvmwJhtcg us 1234567890123456789012345678901
awmfveS w f u kd yf 0GJ ifaeqJ?
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
awmhvnf; wu,fwrf; raumif;bl;ayghaemf? 'gu t=urf;zufwJhoabmjzpfoGm;wmaygh? usaemfwdk@ 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
t=urf;zufcv
H u kd &f wJo
h abmjzpfomG ;wmayg?h cdik o f ef;( NLD L.A Japan tzJ@G 0if) 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
igwd@k onf-
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
v³0³u uae+y;D awmh tckvkd t=urf;zufwehJ nf;eJ@ rajz&Si;f bJ vl@tcGit
fh a&;Oya'twdik ;f usaemfw@kd udk 'Dru kd a&pDvv
1234567890123456789012345678901 kd m;ol
1234567890123456789012345678901
aqmif±u
G o
f ifyh gw,f? 'kuo
Q nftjzpf avsmufxm;olrsm;udv k nf; tjrefq;kH jyefvw
$ af y;oifyh gw,f? 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
t,lroD;
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
wd;k =unfaqG(BDA GrouptzG@J 0if) 1234567890123456789012345678901
tawG;racgif
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
tJ'aD vmuftxd vkyv f rd rhf ,fv@kd usaemfrxifb;l cifAs? at;at;aq;aq;eJ@ ajz&Si;f &r,h[ f mudk tckvv kd yk f 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
vl@abmifpepf
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
awmh olw@kd &J@vky&f yfu usaemfw@kd Edik if u H e³t³z twdik ;f bJ? usaemfw@kd u at;at;aq;aq; qENjyaewmudk 1234567890123456789012345678901
qef;opfz@kd a&;
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
vltiftm;eJ@ twif;±du k Ef uS +f y;D ajz&Si;f cJw
h m&,f/ vufo;D eJ@xd;k wm&,f 'gu bmudjk yovJq&kd if *syefEikd if rH mS 1234567890123456789012345678901
aoG;ac|;ru
1234567890123456789012345678901
vnf; vl@tcGit hf a&;qdw k hJ Oya' r&So d vdjk zpfaew,f? Zmenfonf;armif( NLD L.A Japan tzJ@G 0if) 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
b0touf
1234567890123456789012345678901
usaemfw@dk u +ird ;f csr;f wJeh nf;eJ@ qENjywmyg? tJ'guo kd w
l @kd u 'dik ;f awG/ OD;xkyaf wGaqmif;+y;D awmh twif;0if 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
ay;qyfqufrnf?
1234567890123456789012345678901
a&muf t=urf;zuf wGe;f xd;k +y;D awmh vlpck w GJ ,fayg?h cJw G ,ftcgrmS vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u 'g%&f mvnf; & 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
oGm;w,faygah emf? 'DbufuvlawGu vH;k 0 rwke@f jyefygb;l ? 'Dvrkd sK;d vnf; rajz&Si;f oifb h ;l vd@k ajymcsiyf gw,f? 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
tJ'tD jyifukd oH;k &uf=umatmif tcef;xJrmS ydwx f m;w,faygah emf? tJ'v D v kd yk &f yftwGuf rSeuf efpmG eJ@ tjyifrmS 1234567890123456789012345678901
igwd@k onf-
1234567890123456789012345678901
&Sw
d hJ *syefvrl sK;d awGuae/ aemuf+y;D jrefrmEdik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;awGuae ulnaD qmif±u G af y;zd@k awmif;cHcsiyf g 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
'Dru kd a&pDjrwfE;kd ol
1234567890123456789012345678901
w,f? pd;k rif;OD;( FWUBC tzJ@G 0if) 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
ylyifaomu b0axGaxG
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
usaemft
h aeeJ@ 'Dvyk &f yftay: ajymcsiw
f mu *syefEikd if [
H m 'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if yH gv@kd urBmudk a=u jimxm;ayrJh 1234567890123456789012345678901
wdik ;f jcm;ajrrSm
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
'Dru
kd a&pDenf;vrf;ususe@J aygah emfæ cHpm;&wJth cGit
hf a&;r&Syd gb;l qdwk OhJ pPmudk ajym csiyf gw,fæ? usaemf 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
taeqif;&J
wdk@udk t=urf;zufESdrfESif;+yD;awmh vl@tcGifhta&;uif;rJhpGmeJ@ vkyfoGm;wJhOpPmudk uef@uGufygw,fvdk@ 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
ausmjymrJv G nf;
ajymcsiyf gw,f? armifarmifv(S LDB tzJ@G 0if) 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
vJrG mS ;acsmfwrd ;f
1234567890123456789012345678901
usaemfu, kd wf ikd v
f nf; tJ'rD mS ESp}f urd wf w
d d csKyaf ESmifccH &hJ wJt
h jyif 'Dvt kd jzpftysurf sK;d eJ@vnf; r=umc% 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
=uKH awG@cJ&h zl;ygw,f? usaemfu, kd w
f ikd f aeraumif;jzpf+y;D ESmacgi;f u aoG;awGv#u H swJh tcsed w f ek ;f u aq;cef; b,fr,dr;f yJ
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
oGm;zd@k olw@kd qDciG ahf wmif;wmudk vH;k 0cGirhf jyKbJ xm;xm;w,f? tJ'w D ek ;f uvnf; usaemfw@kd tcef;u vlawGtyg cyford ;f 'kuQ
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
t0if wjcm;tcef;uvlawGuvnf; a':oxGu+f y;D awmh aumif;aumif;rGerf eG af qmif±u G af y;zd@k 0dik ;f awmif;qd=k u 1234567890123456789012345678901
jzpfor#udk
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
w,f? tD&efvrl sK;d wa,mufuv kd nf; tcef;xJrmS 0dik ;f xd;k aewmudv k nf; usew f v
hJ al wGtm;vH;k awG@cJ&h w,f? 1234567890123456789012345678901
razmufrjyef
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
+y;D awmh wdu k yf wd v f ukd w
f ,faygah emf? 'DaumifawGu e³t³zaxmufvrS ;f a&;twdik ;f bJ? 'Dxufawmifq;kd ao; 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
ZmwdrmefEiS hf
w,fv@kd ajym&rvkd jzpfaew,f? tckvrkd sK;d =um;od&wJt h wGuf 'DaumifawGrmS zufppfpw d "f gwu f zH;k zdv@kd r& 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
atmif ay:xGuv f mw,fv@kd bJ ajymcsiyf gw,f? 0À&Si(f NLD L.A Japan tzJ@G 0if) 1234567890123456789012345678901
awmfveS af &;'Dru
1234567890123456789012345678901 kd a&pD
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
atmifyq
1234567890123456789012345678901 GJ o D @kd
usaemfu, kd w f ikd f v³0³utusO;f pcef;rSm wESpef @J ajcmufvaecJ&h +y;D rS ,m,Dxu G cf mG cGi(hf umvD[;kd rif)eJ@ 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
jyefxu G v f mcJo h yl g? usaemftxJrmS &Spd Ofwek ;f u xrif;udpeP @J ywfowf+y;D tckvkd =uKH z;l ygw,f? vmyd@k wJh xrif;Al; 1234567890123456789012345678901
OD;wnfvrS ;f wuf
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
u xrif;awGu t+rv J vkd kd at;pufaevd@k tm;vH;k 0dik ;f +y;D awmif;qd=k uw,f? w&ufvnf;r[kw/f ESp&f ufvnf; vrf;w0ufY
1234567890123456789012345678901
r[kw/f =umawmh oD;rcHEikd w f hJ tD&efwa,mufu xrif;Al;ukd v$iyhf pfvu kd +f y;D jy\em&Smawmh t"du±ke;f 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
toufaoao
ESrd Ef iS ;f a&;wyfawGac:+y;D usaemfw@kd udk t=urf;zufz@kd txd jzpfczhJ ;l ygw,f? 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
taecufcuf
1234567890123456789012345678901
'gayr,fh tckwckwacguv f akd wmh ud,k x
f v d ufa&muf rjzpfczhJ ;l yg? tckvkd ud, k xf vd ufa&muf t=urf;zuf 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
aoG;rysufyJ
1234567890123456789012345678901
ESrd ef if;wm[m *syef v³0³u taeeJ@ 'Dru kd a&pDe@J vl@tcGit hf a&;udk yGiyhf iG v
hf if;vif;}u;D csK;d azmufvu kd w
f mvd@k 1234567890123456789012345678901
bJ owfrw S &f ygvrd rhf ,f? txl;ojzifh vl@tcGit hf a&;ae@rSm +ird ;f csr;f pGm qENjywmudk t=urf;zufErdS ef if;jcif;[m 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
qufvufwu kd yf q GJ ifErGJ nf?
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
'Dru kd a&pDEikd if yH gv@kd wGiw f iG af jymaewJh *syefEikd if t H wGuf tvGe&f u S pf &maumif;ygw,fv@kd ,lqrdygw,f? 'Dupd P 1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
eJ@ygwo f wf+y;D tjyifrmS &Sad ewJh tzJ@G tpnf;toD;oD;wdik ;f rSm vnf; wm0ef&w dS ,fv@kd xifjrif,q l rdygw,f? ARAKAN armifarmif
1234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901
atmifatmifvi_d (f BDA GrouptzG@J 0if) 1234567890123456789012345678901
(tdbm&cd IDC)
1234567890123456789012345678901
Pg-17
&SeD m*g0ESihf tDbm&cd v 0 u tusO;f pcef;rS &Jabmfrsm;. &ifziG o
hf rH sm; twd‹k txd
usaemfth aeeJ@uawmh t&ifwek ;f uvJ jzpfz;l w,f? jzpfz;l w,fqakd wmh olw@kd 0rfeifawGay;
w,fæ? ay;+y;D awmh aemuf 'Dvrkd vkyzf @kd jzpfw,faygah emfæ? tck aemufwcgxyfjzpfwmuawmh jrefrmjynfuvmwJh ewf±yk &f iS f
usaemfw@kd vnf; tjyifa&muf+yq D akd yrJh txJxrJ mS aevmwJo h ql akd wmh ud,
k &hf aJ bmfawGta=umif; armifyn
k (-opa-w;vs)
udvk nf; odw,fæ? ud, k cf si;f vnf;pmw,fæ?
'gayr,hf olw@kd 'Dvt
kd =urf;zufwmuawmh Edik if w H umOya'eJ@vnf; rnDb;l æ? urBmay:rSm 1
&Sw
d hJ v³0³u taeeJ@vnf; b,fv³0³u rSmrS r&Scd b hJ ;l æ? tJawmh *syefEikd if rH mS jzpfysuaf ewJ[
h m “aomfawmfA;l &,fwæ hJ td-k ruGm td-k ruGmæ”
awGuakd wmh tm;vH;k odatmifvyk &f r,favæ? aZ,smrif;xGe;f ( NLD L.A Japan tzJ@G 0if) “wd@k q&muæ ud, k w f @kd &J@q&muæ tvGecf u kd af tmif csi;f
AswWw@kd t}uKd uf csufwhJ (csif;acgif&nf)ydu k f wJæ h ”
'HI DO I DETSU NE'(t&rf; &ufpufwmbJ)? vl@tcGifhta&;awG av;pm;vdkufem+yD;
“,lygæ aomufygq&mæ”
tJ't
D wdik ;f usiohf ;kH aewJh usrwd@k Edik if uH 'D0efxrf;awGu 'Dvrkd sK;d zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifcaH e&wJh Edik if jH cm; “at;æaumif;w,fæ aumif;w,fæ csKdjyif;jyif;av;yg
om;awGukd t=urf;zufrq _ efqef ESrd ef if;w,fqw kd mudk vH;k 0vufrcHygb;l æ? tJ'D udpu P v kd nf; vm;uG,æ hf ”
usrwd@k eJ@twl wjcm; vl@tcGit hf a&;tzJ@G tpnf;awGe@J tm;vH;k yl;aygi;f +y;D xda&mufwehJ nf;vrf; “[kwu f yhJ gq&mæ”
awGe@J aqmif±u G o f ifw h ,fæ? tJ'v D v dk yk zf @kd vnf; }uKd ;pm;aeygw,fæ? tm;vH;k udk }uKd ;pm;yg (awmifh “'geJ@æudak 'gif;eJ@ eef;pdeaf iGw@kd ESpaf ,mufpvH;k ewfu
xm;yg)vd@k ajymcsiyf gw,f? Mrs. Tanaka Kimiko( IBARAKI NGO's Group) awmf t0wftpm;awGe@J bmrsm;vky=f urwH;k uG,æ f ”
“wcsucf w k f ESpcf sujf ywfaygq h &m&,fæ/ pd;k 0if;&Sed /f wifwif
{&mrqlemrD'aD &vdi+ ;f rsm;a-umifh vlaygif; 13000ausmaf oqH;k / iv#if(9)}udrv
f y+ cf hJ 0if;eJ@ 0if;aX;wd@k wawG zdwv f mwJt h cg txl;tqef;taeeJ@
27 'DZifbm 2004(tjrifopf) wdu
k sKdrmS &Sad ewJh av;av;&,fæ/ rif;rif;jyKH ;&,fæ/ olw@kd eJ@yg
aygif;+y;D ewfuawmf,rd ;f xGuEf ikd af tmif&,fæ/ aemufwcku
q&mhukd txl;tqef;taeeJ@ jy&atmifu wckygq&mæ”
“at;æudak 'gi;f eJ@ eef;pdeaf iGw@kd pdwu f ;l u rqd;k ygb;l æ/ ewf
uawmf , d r f ; qd k a wmh topf t qef ; jzpf o G m ;wmaygh æ
r_wvf m;æ 'geJ@ bmrsm;ygvdræ hf ”
“[Jæ[Jæ/ jrefrmjynfuewf±yk &f iS f q&mhudk jyzd@k ygq&m”
“[kwv f m;æ/ aumif;w,fæ aumif;w,fæ/ 'geJ@ [dk bdk
ujym;(t*Fvyd u f jym;) uEMm;pnf;(oef@&Si;f a&;)*|efval v;vJ
rawG@ygvm;æ”
“oef@&Si;f a&; oGm;vkyaf ew,fq&mæ/ 'gqdk jrefrmjynfu
vmwJeh wf±yk &f iS f jyawmhr,fq&mæ”
“at;æaumif;w,fæ/ jyæjyæ”
qlemrDvi_d ;f [kac:aom tiftm;}u;D rm;onfh 'Da&vdid_ ;f vH;k }u;D rsm;onf uy`vyD ifv,fjyiftwGi;f 2
tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if H qlr=wmu|e;f teD; ,refae@YA[djk yKI v_ycf wfcahJ om jyif;xefonfh &pfcsww f m “udak 'gif;æjrefrmjynfuvmwJh ewf±yk &f iS u f aumif;vScsD
pau; 8³5&Sd iv#ijf zpfay:cJ+h y;D urf;±d;k wef;a'orsm;wav#muf zH;k v$r;f cJ&h m tenf;qH;k vlaygi;f vm;æ/ b,foal wGu b,fursm; vm±du k of vJæ”
13000 ausmaf oqH;k cJo h nf? “SBSrSm jywm ESp}f urd &f o dS mG ;+yqD &mæ/ 'Dw}urd af wmh us
ESpaf ygi;f av;q,ftwGi;f tjyif;xefq;kH v_ycf wfco hJ nfh iv#iaf =umifh tiftm;}u;D rm;vSaom aemf ul;,lvu kd w f ,fæ? wm0efcH xkwv f yk ±f u kd u f ;l olawGu
qlemrDac: 'Da&vd_if;vHk;}uD;rsm;. ±dkufcwfr_a=umifh jrefrmEkdifiHtygt0if awmiftm&SESifh awmh *smreDe@J qGpZf mvefuvd@k qdw k ,fq&mæ/ olw@kd vJ t
ta&Sa› wmiftm&SEikd if rH sm;Y aoqH;k r_rsm;/ ysupf ;D qH;k ±_;H r_rsm; t}u;D tus,jf zpfymG ;cJo h nf? awmfu h kd }uKd ;pm;xm;=uwmudk awG@&w,fæ”
,refae@ jrefrf mpHawmfcsed f 9;23 wGif tiftm;jyif;xefaom &pfcsww f mpau; 8³5 &Sd ajrivsif “at;æuG,æ f / 'Dvkd pdpad ygufayguf ±du k u f ;l +y;D urBmudk
}u;D yifv,fa&atmufwiG f jzpfay:+y;D uy`vyD ifv,fjyiftwGi;f tiftm; 6³0 cef@&Sd ajrivsiaf ygi;f aygufatmif vkyEf ikd w f m odyu f kd csD;usL;zd@k vJ aumif;w,fæ/
9 }urd w f wd d v_ycf wfco hJ nf[k jrefrmppftyk pf u k ajymqdck o hJ nf? aus;Zl;wifz@kd vJ aumif;w,fæ”
aoqHk;ol rnfa±G@rnfr#&Sda=umif; a=unmcJhjcif;r&Sdao;aomfvnf; qlemrD'Da&vd_if;}uD;rsm; “aus;Zl;wifwmayghbb&,fæ/ bbu ajcav;acsmif;
a=umifh tenf;qH;k vl(10)OD; aoqH;k cJah =umif;/ wHwm;wpif;usK;d usc+hJ y;D a&vkyo f m;owif;&yfuu G f rpm;awmh orD; ig; qkyaf usmx f m;w,f/ jrnf; pm;=unfyh gO;D æ”
rsm;udk ud;k um;+y;D at*sipf o D wif;rsm;u a&;om;cJo h nf? “at;æaumif;w,fæ aumif;w,fæ”
1964 ckEpS af emufyikd ;f t}u;D qH;k jzpfonfh tdE, Nd ork'&N mtwGi;f ,ckvy_ cf wfcahJ om ivsi}f u;D “'gqdk q&mu rSm ±ky&f iS Zf mwfum;wdik ;f udk rpPwma';Apfe@J
onf tdE, Nd -=opa=w;vs=um; a&jrKyaf eaom tydik ;f }u;D ajrmufbufo@kd a±G@vsm;&mrS jzpfymG ;jcif; rm*&ufw@kd a0bef aqG;aEG;=uovd/k 'D jrefrmjynfuvmwJh
jzpf+y;D ,if;od@k jzpfymG ;r_onf ESpo f ef;aygi;f rsm;pGmu jzpfco hJ nf[k bDbpD u D rBmwv$m;owif;u ewf±yk &f iS u f v kd J usaemfw@kd enf;enf;yg;yg; oH;k oyf=u&if r
qdok nf? ajrivsiAf [dck suo f nf uy`vyD ifv,fjyiftwGi;f a±$@vsm;wkev f y_ af eaom oabm&S+d y;D aumif;bl;vm;æ”
ajrivsi}f u;D rsm; wkev f y_ +f y;D onft
h cg ajrivsiaf =umwavsmuf tm;aysmo h nfah e&mtcsK› w
d iG f 3 “aumif;rS aumif;yJ udak 'gif;a&æ”
&ufcef@ ajrivsiif ,frsm; v_yaf vh&o dS nf[k jrefrmppftyk pf yk ikd f owif;rD', D mrsm;u we*FaEGae@wGif 3?
a=unmcJhonf? “'D jrefrmjynfuvmwJh ewf±yk &f iS t f ay: ud, k t hf jrifukd ajym
tqdyk gvi_d ;f vH;k a=umifh aoqH;k olO;D a&rSm oD&v d uF mY 6090/ tdE, Nd Y 2283/ tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Y &&if ±duk u f iG ;f ±du k f uGuaf wGu pajymcsifw,fæ”
4491/ xdik ;f Edik if wH iG f 431/ rav;&Sm;Y 48/ jrefrmY 12/ armf'u kd u f |e;f pkEikd if YH 32 toD;oD; aoqH;k cJ=h u “ajymygq&mæ”
onf[k od&cdS &hJ +y;D tar&duefa':vm 6 bDvscH ef@ ysupf ;D qH;k ±H;_ cJah =umif; od&&Sd onf?
pg-18
twd‹k txd owif;
“yxr vrf;}uKd vrf;=um;udk jyw,fæ/ vrf;ab;rSm ewfuw,fæ? rd;k awG±mG xdkif;wuUokdvfrS a':atmifqef;pk-unftm; *k%fxl;aqmifa'guf
w,fæ? rd;k awG±mG wmukd ewfvJ rwwfEikd b f ;l æ/ rd;k pJrS ur,fqw kd hJ tcsuyf æ J ”
“[kwu f q hJ &mæ wyfrawmft&m&Sad [mif; Adv k }f u;D ausm0f if;udjk ywmvJ r wmbG‹J ay;tyf
aumif;bl;vm;q&mæ” December 22, 2004 1366 ck ewfawmfvqef; 11 &uf Ak'[
< ;l ae@
“aumif;ygw,fæ/ 'gayrifh ppf,el aD zmif;tjynfeh @J Adv k rf LS ;wa,mufxJ vrf;
xJ0ifvmwmuawmh eJeJ a=umifaew,f udak 'gi;f &J@æ”
“[kwu f q hJ &mæ”
“+y;D awmh 'kw, d ewfvmwJh *k%o f a&&Sd t*Fvyd v f akd jymwJh tdr&f ,fæ/ wwd
, ewfrvd@k tdraf wG/ um;awG 0,fjzpfv@kd ewfuwJt h rd &f ,fæ/ 'gawGtm;vH;k
=unfah umif;ygw,fæ”
“ewfuwmvJ rvG,yf gvm;q&mæ/ oH;k av;ode;f awmif ay;ae&+yæ D ”
“'gvJ ukeaf ps;E_e;f twuftusygyæ J ”
“'ge@J q&mæa,muFsm;ewfukd a,muFsm;0ifr/S rde;f rewfuv kd J rde;f r0ifrS o
bm0usw,fæ? a,muFsm;ewfe@J rde;f rewfEpS cf pk vH;k twGuu f awmh rde;f rv#m
(GUS)[m taumif;qH;k yJqw kd m q&m oabmwlygovm;q&mæ”
“rwlz@kd uvJ cufw,favæ/ ewfavmurSm 'Dred ;f r&SmawGyJ pd;k rd;k aew,f
r_wv f m;æ”
“bbeJ@ udak 'gi;f wd@k aqG;aEG;wJt h xJrmS orD; wckar;csiw f ,fbbæ”
“at;æar; ar;/ wckr[kwb f ;l oH;k av;ckar;æ”
4 'Drukd a&pDa&;ESihf vl@tcGiahf &; wdu k yf 0JG ifaer_rsm;tm; av;pm; todrw S jf yKonfh
“'Dvydk gbb&,fæ/ avmurSm ewfqw kd ma&m &S&d @J vm;vd@k ygæ” taejzifh xdik ;f Edik if /H &efppfwuUov kd rf S jrefrmjynftrsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif a':atmif
“'Dvu kd , G æ hf Ak'b < momawG ,H=k unf=uwJh +A[RmbHk 20/ ewfjynfajcmuf qef;pk=unftm; Edkiif aH &;bmom/ zDavmfaqmfzD '\ebmomESihf pD;yGm;a&;bm
xyfæ/ ty,fav;bH/k vl@bHw k ck/ pkpak ygi;f 31 bHrk w _ v f m;æ/ 'gu aovGe+f y;D rS omwd@k wGif ay;tyfaom *k%x f ;l aqmif a'guw f mbG@J cs;D jri‡ jhf cif; cH&onf?
usiv f nf&rSmaemfæ/ ,QKavmavmq,fuaewJh ewfawGuawmhæ rif;pd;k &mZm bG@J cs;D jri‡ yhf t
JG m; 'DZifbmv 26 &ufwiG f &efppfwuUov kd /f qkEiS ;f obifyEJG iS t hf
&mZ0ifysuef @J xd;k ZmwfawGt& u=uwmyJæ? oefvsiu f akd &mufb;l ovm;æ/ wl jyKvyk rf nf[k od&onf? olr. jrefrmjynf tem*wfta&; +ird ;f csr;f pGm wdu k yf JG
tJ'rD mS ewfArd mef&w dS ,fæ/ rsm;vdu k w f ehJ wfawG eef;pdeaf iGæ? a&S;acwfu pma&; 0ifaer_twGuf ay;tyfcjhJ cif;[k &efppfwuUov kd x f w k jf yefcsuw f iG f az:jyonf?
q&m}u;D arSmb f q D &mode;f awmif tJ'eD wfArd mefrmS ewfjzpfaew,favæ” olronf w&m;r#wonfh avmuurBm jzpf&eftwGuf 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf vl@tcGihf
“[kwv f m;bbæ” ta&; r&Srd jzpfvt kd yfonfukd nGe;f qdak om oauFwwckjzpfonf[k tqdyk g xdik ;f
“'ge@J 'DewfyrGJ mS ykym` ;r,fawmf&,fæ/ eefu±d% k ;f r,fawmf&,fæ/ a±$zsi;f nD wuUov kd f t"dywdrS a':pkxH ay;yk@d aom pmwGif az:jyxm;onf?
aemif&,fæ/ OD;rif;ausm&f ,fæ/ aemufq;kH OD;&Si}f u;D &,f uoGm;w,fq&mæ” &efppfwuUov kd f t"dywdjzpfol a'guw f mtmopfrS a':atmifqef;pk=unfxH
“at;æ[kww f ,f udak 'gi;f / 'ge@J uG,f 'Davmufxad omufwhJ OD;rif;ausm[ f m 'DZifbmv 13 &ufae@ aepGjJ zifh ay;yk@d aom ta=umif;=um;pmxJwiG rf l olrtm;
ckawmh tcsK&d nfe@J jzpfomG ;wm ud, k o f wdxm;rdvu kd w f ,fæ” *k%x f ;l aqmifqak y;rnf[k az:jyxm;aomfvnf; olrud, k w f ikd f wufa&mufEikd f
“[k w f w ,f q &mæ OD ; rif ; ausmf [ m touf } uD ; vmawmh ol u rnf r[kwo f nfuv kd nf; }uKd wifem;vnfxm;ygonf[k a&;om;xm;onf?
raomufawmhyJ ol@wynfah wGom aomufawmhowJq h &mæ” &efppfwuUov kd }f u;D onf befaumuf+rKd @teD; yoHXk meDt&yfwiG f &So d nf? &ef
“at;avæ vle@J ewf wdu k ±f u kd q f ufo, G v
f @kd &w,fqakd wmhvJ rqd;k bl;ayg”h ppfwuUov kd Ef iS hf vufatmufcH aumvdyt f oD;oD;wGif ausmif;om;aygi;f 14000
“bb&J@æ orD;awmhavæ/ eefu±k% d ;f r,fawmf(u|rJ )udk om;awmf(arG;pm; cef@ ESppf Of wufa&muf avhvm oif=um;v#u&f o dS nf?
om;wl)u acgi;f jzwfowfcef;udk =unf+h y;D rsu&f nfawmif rqnfEikd jf zpf&w,f ,ck a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ay;tyfonfh *k%x f ;l aqmif a'guw f mbG@J tm;
bb&,fæ” ,cifuvnf; xdik ;f 0ef}u;D csKyaf [mif; c|ev f yd ikd Ef iS hf wdik 0f rfEikd if H 0ef}u;D csKyaf [mif;
“at;æat;æ ewfyw GJ ckv;kH rSm 'D eefu±d% k ;f Zmwfu txdq;kH bJu@JG æ? ig rpPwm Aifqifw h @kd tm; ay;tyfcb hJ ;l onf? ?(FIG)
awmh abmif'&Dvrf; tdref }D u;D (axmufvrS ;f a&;tdr)f eJ@ rsuaf Zmif;xd;k rSm&Sw d hJ
py,fO;D udw k ifp;kd (oD[wifp;kd zcif)wd@k tdru f ewfyu GJ kd jyef+y;D owd&rdw,fæ” “at;æ[kww f ,favæ? jrefrmvdak jymwJh trsK;d orD;}u;D ajymovdyk æ J / a&S;
“ajymygO;D q&m&,fæ” acwfu bk&ifawGa=umifh tpd;k &awG raumif;vd@k olw@kd wawG ewfjzpf&awmhæ
“'Dwek ;f u pma&;q&mawG&,fæ/ 0wfvakH wG&,fæyg=uw,favæ? ewfu tpd;k &udk b,foabmusygrh vJuakd 'gi;f &,fæ? ckvyJ J rif;qd;k rif;npfawGukd ewf
wJo h al wGuawmhæ OD;ae0if;&J@ac|;r(+zKd ;ae0if;&J@ZeD;) u&iferD av;&,fæ/ a'G; awGu oabmruswm trSeyf gyw J æ
hJ ? 'Dawmhæ t*Fvyd v f akd jymwJh ta':}u;D u
(rsurf eS )f &J@ ac|;rav;&,fæ uvdu k =f uor# yefwsmu q&mrav;awGawmif olw@kd =um;oGm;ygrh ,fq+kd y;D yg;pyfukd vdu k yf w d &f w,favæ”
±H;_ avmufyg&@J udak 'gi;f &,fæ” “a=omfæacwftqufqufrmS ewfawG[m tpd;k &udk rESprf ouf jzpf=uwm
“[kwu f yhJ gq&mæ/ 'ge@J q&mhukd aemufq;kH ar;cGe;f wck ar;&OD;r,fq&mæ” udk;æ”
“ar;æar;æ” “uJæxm;ygawmhæ? rif;wd@k ZeD;armifEv HS J wdu
k sKu
d rkd a&mufcif ewfocD si;f
“tJ'D jrefrmjynfuvmwJh ewf±yk &f iS rf mS q&m&,fæ/ trsK;d orD;}u;D ESpOf ;D teuf uav;eJ@ jyefpygO;D æ”
wOD;u jrefrmvdak jym+y;D t*Fvyd (f bd)k vdk jyefajym&mrSm ppftyk pf &k @J jrefrmEdik if u H kd “aomfawmfA;l &,fwæ hJ td-k ruGm td-k ruGmæ”
a0zefomG ;wmawG &Sw d ,fæq&m&J@æ/ tJ'gæ” “wd@k q&mæ ud, k w
f @kd &J@q&mæ tvGecf u kd af tmif csi;f Asww W @kd t}uKd ucf suw
f hJ
(csi;f acgi&f nf)ydu
k f wJæ
h ”Ò
Pg-19
tzrf;tqD;owif;

-um;vdu
k &f aomtoHrsm;
=um;&æ=um;&æ em;0rSrcsr;f omqdo k vdk 'DwvrSmvnf; tzrf;tqD;owif;awGtjyif *syefv³0³u&J@ Edik if jH cm;om;awG rdrt d pDtpOfe@J jyefatmifq+kd y;D bmOya'/
nmOya'awGe@J xkwjf yefwmawGvnf; =um;&ygw,f? wcsK› u d vnf; tJ'OD ya'a=umifh jyef&ifaumif;rvm;æ rjyefbaJ evd@k zrf;rd&if axmif'%f/ aiG'%fawG
aqmifcikd ;f rSmvm;æqdw k hJ vm;aygi;f rsm;pGmaom pd;k &drpf w d af wGjzpfaewmudk jrifawG@&awmh pdwrf aumif;jzpfrw d mawmh trSeyf g?
wu,fawmh 'DvdkOya'qdkwm tckrS ay:wmr[kwfygbl;æ? t&if 2000 ckESpfwkef;uvnf; EdkifiHjcm;om;awGudk *syefEdkifiHuae avsmhcscsifvdk@ 'Dvdk
pdw"f gwpf pfqifa&;eJ@ trde@f awG/ Oya'awG xkwjf yefcb hJ ;l ygw,fæ? 'gayrJh Oya'urnfo@kd yifqakd pumrl [efrysuaf exdik =f uvd@k tqifajywJo h al wG trsm;}u;D yg?
a=umufwuf&efuif;qdak yrJh a=umuf&ifvGJ &J&ifrif;jzpfqw kd hJ pum;yHv
k nf; &Sw
d ,fqw kd majym&if; tzrf;tqD;toHrsm;ESihf wjcm;pdw0f ifpm;p&mowif;awGuudk
a&;&r,fq&kd ifjzif-h
&J}udKufarmif
r=umao;cifurS 'kuo Q nfAZD m ylyal EG;aEG;&xm;wJh armeif;pwm;wd@k tzG@J xJuygæ? olu, kd o
f al wmh urBmausmf a*guo f ;D cseyf ,
D H wduk *f g;0kpef @J wlw,fv@kd
xifayr,hf *syef&JtjrifrSmuawmh bifvm'if&J@OD;av;vdk@ owfrSwfxm;yHk&w,f? armeif;pwm;wdk@uawmh ol@udk &J}udKufarmifvdk@ emrnfay;xm;ygw,f?
oltvkyv f yk w
f hJ &Si;f b&Sb
d wl mxGuaf ygu(f *ifZmbuf)qd&k if t&yf0wfe@J &JawGu ae@wdik ;f vdv k kd ar;jref;ppfaq;wm cH&owJ?h ar;wdik ;f rSmvnf; “rif; Edik if jH cm;om;u'fu
twk}u;D æ/ b,frmS oGm;vkyw f mvJæ/ igw@kd Edik if &H @J ADZmudk b,fv&kd ovJææ”qdw k hJ ar;cGe;f awGbJ xyfcgwvJvaJ r;jref;wmcH&awmh pdww f v
kd m+y;D “tJ'aD wGocd si&f if
rif;wdk@udk,fwdkifpHkprf;æ/ +yD;&if igh"gwfyHkudk rif;wdk@&Jpcef;awGrSmuyfxm;æ/ igvnf; tckrS wu,fhudk &J'kuQeJ@=uHKae&w,fæ”vdk@ jyefajymawmhrSmbJ
a*:rif;emqdkif;(awmif;yefygw,f)qdkwJhpum;oHk;+yD; ppfaq;ar;jref;wm rcH&awmhbl;wJhæ? a=omf- wcsdefwkef;uawmh *syefEdkifiHrSm tom;rJwJholqdk&if
*syef+yKd jzLav;awGtonf;pJjG zpfayrJh 9-11 t+y;D rSmawmh tom;rJwyhJ wWjrm;cJawGukd &Ju wtm;qJw G ,fqw kd mudk owday;yg&apæ?
a±$^m%fawmfpl;vdkufyHku
'Dowif;uawmh em*d, k mrSmjzpfysucf w hJ o
hJ wif;ygæ? wausmif;w*gxm w±Gmwyk'q f ef;qdo
k vdk qmumtJ+rKd @/ csK;edcst
d aqmuftOD&@J pmwku d af &Sr› mS *syefvil ,f
wa,mufu qdik u f ,fukd aomhrjzKwb f J xm;cJw h mudk jrefrmwOD;ujrifomG ;owJæ h ? tJ'ge@J ab;ywf0ef;usif vloal v;yg; t&dyt f ajctae=unf+h y;D qdik u f ,faomhukd
jzKwf , l v d k u f o wJ h æ ? ol @ &J @ t=uH u qd k i f u ,f a omh r &S d & if qd k i f u ,f y d k i f & S i f v nf ; armif ; vd k @ r&awmh b l ; æ? 'gqd k tJ ' D q d k i f u ,f u d k roH k ; awmh b J
aemufxyftopfwpD;0,fvdrfhr,fæ? arhavmufwJhtcg=urS 'Dqdkifu,fudk vm,lr,fayghæ? tJ'Dvkdpdwful;eJ@ wywfavmuft=umrSm udk,fa±$jrefrmu
tJ'q D ikd u
f ,fukd oGm;,lygava&mæ? 'ge@J 'Dqikd u f ,fwpD;eJ@ oGm;vmaepOfrmS yJ t&ifyikd &f iS u f &JrmS wdik x
f m;wJt h wGuf &Ju qdik u f ,feyH gw=f unh+f y;D “'Dqikd u f ,fukd
cd;k wm rif;vm;æ”qd+k y;D qdik u f ,fc;kd r_e@J tzrf;cHvu kd &f wmudk =um;&ygw,fæ?
om;rSm+yDarar&J@
armeif;pwm;wd@k qD &Sief m*0g v³0³u xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;uae zke;f quftultnDawmif;vd@k jrefrmvli,fwOD;udk oGm;awG@ygw,fæ? zke;f eHygwb f ,fv&kd ovJv@kd
ar;=unhaf wmh t&if aecJw h hJ jrefrmawGu olw@kd jyefcge;D =u&if aemufa&mufvmwJjh refrmawGukd tultnDv&kd if tJ'zD ek ;f awGomqufvu kd æ
f vdt k yfwmrSeof r#
ulnDay;vdrfhr,fqdk+yD; vufqifhurf;xm;vdk@ &wmwJhæ? jzpfyHku tzrf;cH&vdk@ jyefzdk@tqifoifhjzpfae+yD; av,mOfysHvufrSwfbJvdkawmhwJh tajctaeygæ?
oltjyifrmS &Sad epOf(tzrf;rcH&pOf)wke;f u ole@J odwhJ jrefrmtrsK;d orD;wa,muf *syefrmS ud, k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyzf @kd aiGvwkd meJ@ 16 aomif;acs;vdu k yf gowJæh ? tck
oltzrf;cHv@kd jyefawmif;awmh ray;wJt h jyif b,fov l æ J bmvJæqd+k y;D &efawG@wm cH&owJæ h ? 'ge@J armeif;wd@k ukd tJ't D rsK;d orD;zke;f eHygwaf y;+y;D awmif;ay;ygqv kd @kd
olay;wJzh ek ;f eHygwt
f wdik ;f qufawmh 'Dzek ;f eHygwf roH;k awmhygqw kd t
hJ ajzbJ &cJyh gw,fæ?
bmyJajymajym trdjrefrmjynfrmS vkyu f ikd pf m;aomuf&wmraumif;vd@k wjynfw±GmrSm rdom;pktwGu/f rdrb d 0twGuf vkyu f ikd &f mS azGpm;aomufae=uwJh
jrefrmtcsi;f csi;f ±d;k om;pGmeJ@ uln±D ikd ;f yif;=uygv@kd ajymyg&apæ
2005 ckEpS f ESpo f pfrmS &Jb,ma0;uGmygapvd@k vnf; xyfavmif;I awmif;qkac|vu kd yf gw,fæ
tultnDv&kd if atmufygzek ;f eHygwaf wGqu D kd tcsed rf a±G;quf+y;D awmif;cHEikd yf ga=umif;eJ@ ed*;kH csKyv f ukd yf g&apæ
03 3364 5163/ 090 8720 9017/ 090 4128 4725/ 090 7008 0026/ 090 4456 8219
armeif;pwm;wifp;kd

pg-20
ema&;
tazod‹k orD;udak wG@csio f wJah væ
tazh&@J vrG ;f pum;rsm;
raoGepd /P =uHK=u&rSmyJ igrodusKu d sijf yKxm;cJ?h
w&m;eJ@omajzaemfwhJ cGiv
hf w$ u f mxGucf mG oGm;
tm;ay;pum;awG cspaf omazaztm;
em;0rSmv#u H sv@kd aecJ?h vufq,fzsmtkyrf ;kd &Spcf ;kd um
rvJwG ae@/ qHak wG@&rSm orD;awmif;yefpum;
"rRwmwJ/h az;rpum;rsm; rqd0k jhH im;vJæ
tm;wif;umem;axmif&if;æ orD;jyKcJoh r#
ig&h ifwiG ;f utyl 'geukov kd f
b,fov l mulEikd rf mS wJv
h ?J y&[dwukov kd f
'Db0 'Dr#e@J æ tzd@k yguudk
uH=urRmpnf;jcm;vd@k omG ; tr#ay;a0iSonf
use&f pfoil gEh vS ;kH om; om"kac:qd&k if;
aemifwrsm;pGmeJ@æ vrf;rSeaf &mufatmify@kd ay; cspjf cif;rsm;pGmeJ@taz
cHpm;vd@k vrG ;f ae&+yD? aEG;axG;wJh arwWma&at; aumif;&mokuwda&mufygap?
wduk af u|;cJw
h ahJ zaz?
ig'b D 0a&mufatmif av;av;(wdu
k sK)d
pGr;f aqmifumyHo k iG ;f cJh igb h uf igt
h vSn=fh u (13-12-2004 ae@wGif uG,v f eG o
f mG ;aom zcif
tazydou k m&J@æ twWua&Sw › ef;0if OD;udu
k t
kd m; TuAsmjzifh uefawmhygonf)
cJa=umif;rsm;pGm[m tazh&ifuykd al qG;apcJh
avmutv,frmS avv_id ;f xJu tazhpum; 0rf;enf;a=uuJyG ga=umif;?
av;av;(wdu k sK)d &,fygv@kd igeh m;0rSm=um;aeqJæ
jzpfwnfvm&aygæ h I WANT TO SEE YOU rav;av;(wdu k sK)d .zcif OD;udu k okd nf 13-12-2004
tEdik t
f ±H;_ awG=um; BEFORE I CLOSE MY EYESwJa
h væ wGif uGev
f eG af =umif; od&&dS ygojzifh rdom;pkEiS x
hf yfwl 0rf;enf;
avmu'g%w f &m;rsm;udk tazh&@J aemufq;kH qEN a=uuJGrdyga=umif;æ BDA Group/
ige@J twl r#a0,lum E_wrf zS iG [
hf vdak c| t*Fg0wf±wG t f oif;/
=unfjzLumapmifah &Smuf tazrsuv f ;kH rrSw
d cf if rd;k aomuf =u,ftzG@J om;rsm;

jrefrmhordik ;f udak vhvm=u&atmifacgi;f pOfjzifh wwd,t}urd af jrmuf aqG;aEG; pmrsuEf mS 7 rS «


yJu
G kd 2005 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&v D 31 &ufae@ wGif ae@vnf 1;00 em&DrS 3;00 em&Dtxd
&Si*f sLuk+rKd @e,f/ Nishi Shin JuKu 4-16-13wGif usi;f yrnfjzpfygonf? 'Dv&kd iS ;f jyaewJt h csuaf wGxrJ mS t"duOD;pm;ay;ajymaewmuawmh jrefrmvl
a[majymrnfo h rl mS jrefrmrsm;od&+dS y;D jzpfaom jrefrmhta&;ESihf jrefrmhordik ;f udk rsK;d awG&@J ta=umif;ygb?J wjcm; wl&uD/ b*Fvm;a'f&h /fS tD&ef/ ygupPwefpwJh
t"duxm;avhvmolwOD;jzpfol Tokyo Foreign Language Universiuty, Edik if u
H ol@wd@k ulnaD qmif±u G af y;vd@k v$waf jrmufvm+y;D 'Dyu GJ kd vlpw kH ufpw kH uf
Assistant ProfessorrS tm&S tmz&duqdi k &f m okawoe Mr. NeMoTo Kei a&mufayrJh jrefrmvlrsK;d ta=umif;udyk J tav;ay;ajymjyaewmudk =um;ae&awmh
jzpfygonf? usaemfw@kd tay:rSm awmfawmf}u;D udk aqmif±u G af y;aeygvm;vd@k jrifaerdygw,f?
a[majymyJt G pDtpOfEiS yhf wfoufI odvykd gu jrefrmbmomjzifh udo k [
D 080 tJ'aD emufawmh zdw=f um;xm;wJh {nfo h nhaf wmfrsm;eJ@ wufa&mufvm=uwJh
5078 7035ESihf *syefbmomjzifh 03 3310 0558wd@k xH ar;jref;pHpk rf;Edik af =umif; Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;udk a&Sx › u G +f y;D vuf&dS =uKH awG@ae&wJh tajctaeeJ@ olw@kd &J@
od&&dS ygonf? oabmxm;awGukd ajymapygw,f? usaemfw@kd tzJ@G udak wmh wm0efco H ;kH OD;ajymay;
ygqv kd @kd udak pmbvSoed ;f &,f/ udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed &f ,fe@J udrk if;xufaZmfw@kd udk ajym=uyg
w,f?
wOD;csi;f rdwq f ufpum;ajymzd@k a&Sx › u G wf ,fq&kd ifbJ trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif
a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ OD;wifO;D eJ@ jrefrmjynfwiG ;f u yHak wGukd pvdu k rf ;D xd;k ay;vd@k
tm;vH;k u tH=oukeu f swmaygæ h ? olw@kd udv k nf; usaemfw@kd tay: 'Dvrkd sK;d apw
emxm;+y;D vkyu f ikd af y;r_tay: txl;aus;Zl;wifa=umif; tm;vH;k u ajym=uawmh
0rf;omwJt h jyKH ;awGe@J wke@f jyefygw,f? a=omfæ yDwu d pdk m; tm;&Sq d w kd m olw@kd yg
vm;vd@k aumufcsucf s&if; jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;[m bk&m;+y;D +ird ;f zsuw f ufw,fv@kd
2005 ckEpS f 10 vydik ;f 2 &ufae@wGif pwifI *syef v³0³urS *syefwEdik if H olw@kd &J &ifxrJ mS rxifygapeJ@vdyk J }uw d +f y;D qkawmif;&if; jyefvmcJ&ygawmhw,fæ
vH;k &Sd vlO;D a& oef;acgi;f pm&if;udk aumuf,rl nfjzpfa=umif;? xdv k yk if ef;onf uawnKw uwa'0D
vky±f ;kd vkypf OfjzpfI 0vH;k jzpfaeolrsm; ylyefb,
G rf &Sad =umif;udk *syefv³0³qdik &f m ol w xl ; &J @ aus;Zl ; w&m;ud k od w uf j cif ; [m aumif ; jrwf w J h
owif;rsm;t& od&&dS ygonf? r*Fvmwyg;ygævd@k qdv k ukd yf g&apæ?
Pg-21
ud&k ,
D m;owif;rsm;
jrefrmc&pf,mefro
d m;pkrsm;. pkaygif;c&pPrwfyu
JG si;f y tzrf;tqD;qufvuf&dS 5 ode;f rS 10 ode;f txda&mf&
'DZifbm 18- ud&k ;D ,m;Edik if t H wGi;f w&m;r0if Edik if jH cm;om; tvkyo f rm;rsm;
udk zrf;qD;jyefy@kd r_rsm; qufvuf&adS eqJ jzpfygonf? zrf;qD;r_rsm;a=umifh Edik if w H um
a&$@ajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm;ae@jzpfonfh ,ae@wGif Edik if jH cm;om; tvkyo f rm;rsm;.
v_y&f mS ;r_rsm; ,cifEpS rf sm;uuJo h @kd wufwufºuºur&Sb d J omrefr#om &Sad ecJh
onf? zrf;qD;a&;tzG@J rsm;u vrf;ay:wGif ppfaq; zrf;qD;r_vyk o f nfxuf }uKd wif
owif;&xm;aom puf±rHk sm;od@k 0ifa&mufppfaq;zrf;qD;r_ ydrk kd jyKvyk af eonfukd
awG@&ygonf?
uifyb kd ufrS puf±o Hk @dk ESpvf twGi;f ok;H }urd f 0ifa&mufzrf;qD;cJo h nf? zrf;qD;r_
tawmfrsm;rsm;wGif puf±u Hk kd 0ef;&Hywd q
f @kd zrf;qD;wwf+y;D / }uKd wifo&d x
dS m;onfh
vlpm&if;ESihf ppfaq;wwfa=umif; od&ygonf?
'DZifbm 19- ud&k ;D ,m;a&muf jrefrmEdik if o H m; c&pf,mefro d m;pkrsm;. pkaygi;f ylc|e;f rS puf±w kH cko@kd 0ifzrf;&mwGif puf±o Hk @kd oifwef;om;topfrsm; a&muf&dS
c&pPrwfyaJG wmfukd qd;k vf+rKd @/ tGeEf &l b D &k m;ausmif;Y ae@v,f 2 em&D wGif usi;f y&m rnf&h ufyikd ;f tvdw k iG rf S vma&mufzrf;qD;jcif;jzpfI puf±EHk iS hf v³0³u }uKd wif
jrefrmtoif;awmfrsm; pkv H ifpmG wufa&mufqak wmif;cJ=h uygonf? ndx‡ m;onf[k ,k=H unf,q l p&m jzpfaeonf?
pkaygi;f c&pPrwfrw d o f [m,yGu J kd ud&k ;D ,m;&Sd jrefrmc&pf,meftoif;rsm;jzpf w&m;r0if Edik if jH cm;om;wa,mufukd zrf;qD;rdv#if tvkycf ikd ;f xm;ol tvkyf
onfh a'gi'f /kd ylc|e;f / pd;k pm/ tGeEf &l ED iS hf pl0rftoif;awmf 5 zG@J u pkaygi;f usi;f yjcif;jzpf &Siuf ykd g w&m;pGq J &kd onf? Oya't& axmif'%f 2 ESp/f ode;f 200 '%faiG pojzihf
ygonf? jyXmef;xm;aomfvnf; vufawG@wGif Edik if jH cm;om;wOD;twGuf '%faiG 5 ode;f rS
y&dowf 160 cef@wufa&mufonfh pkaygi;f c&pfprwfyw JG iG f jrefrmESihf ud&k ;D ,m; 10 ode;f t=um; ndE‡ i_d ;f r_jzihf +y;D jywfa=umif; pkpH rf;od&&dS ygonf?
ESpEf ikd if pH vk;H Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;ydrk w kd ;kd wufaumif; rGeaf &;twGuv f nf; 2004 ckEpS t f wGi;f tenf;qk;H jrefrm 70 ausmf tzrf;cHc&hJ +y;D / trsm;pkrmS
aumif;/ ud&k ;D ,m;a&muf nDtudak rmifErS rsm; tqifajypGm aexdik o f mG ;vmEdik af &; puf±t Hk wGi;f zrf;qD;cH&jcif;jzpfonf? uifyEkd iS hf pl0rfbufwiG f trsm;qk;H tzrf;cHchJ
twGuv f nf;aumif;/ ruse;f rmol/ aESmifz@JG cH&ol/ ab;'kuaQ &mufaeolrsm; vGwf &+y;D / erfa'gi;f / Alazsmif;/ ylc|e;f / *Gr*f sL;/ ,l*|ebf /l tefqef;/ qd;k vf ponfh jrefrmtrsm;
+ird ;f csr;f oma&;twGuv f nf;aumif; pkaygi;f qkawmif;cJ=h uygonf? rdrw d @kd ,k=H unf pk&&dS m ae&mrsm;wGif tenf;i,fpD tzrf;cHc&hJ onf?
onfh c&pf,mefbmoma&;Y ydrk v kd yk af qmifEikd =f u&efvnf; qkawmif;cJ=h uygonf? vmrnfEh pS t f wGi;f tzrf;tqD;rsm; quf vuf&adS eOD;rnf jzpfonf?
yGaJ wmfo@kd jrefrmtoif;/ tJet f v J 'f -D ud&k ;D ,m;ESihf tjcm;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;rS
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf rdwaf qGoil ,fcsi;f rsm;vnf; wufa&muftm;ay;cJ=h uonf? ud&k ;D ,m; pum;ajym_ydKifyEJG iS hf ESpo
f pfu;l yGu
J si;f y
ud&k ;D ,m;a&muf jrefrmc&pf,mefrsm;. pkaygi;f c&pPrwfyu JG kd ESppf Ofusi;f ycJ&h m
,ckEpS rf mS wwd,t}urd af jrmuf usi;f yjcif; jzpfygonf?

jrefrmtoif; q,fEpS af jrmuf rdwq


f *Hk %
k jf yKyGu
J si;f yrnf
'DZifbm 19- udk&D;,m;EdkifiHwGif jrefrmtoif; (udk&D;,m;)wnfaxmifcJh
onfrmS 2004 ckEpS w f iG f 10 ESpf jynf+h yjD zpfI ‘q,fEpS af jrmuf rdwq f *Hk %
k jf yK t
crf;tem;usi;f y&ef jrefrmtoif;u jyifqifvsu&f ydS gonf?
a&S@ESpf ESpOf ;D ydik ;f wGif usi;f y&ef vsmxm;onfh tqdyk gtcrf;tem;twGuf Ed;_
aqmfcsurf sm; xkwjf yefxm;ygonf? toif;tzG@J wck. q,fEpS w f ikd f t&Sed rf ysuf
&yfwnfEikd cf rhJ t
_ m; rSwrf w S o f m;om; jzpfap&eftwGuv f nf;aumif;/ q,fEpS w f m 'DZifbm 19 - ylc|e;f Edik if jH cm;om;tvkyo f rm;&dyo f mrS usi;f yonfh av;}urd f
twGi;f jrefrmtoif;tm; ulnaD y;cJ=h uaom tzG@J tpnf;ESihf vly*k K~ v d rf sm;tm; aj rmuf ud & k ;
D ,m;pum;aj y m+yK
d i y
f EJ G i
S h f ES p o
f pf u ;
l yGu
J k d ,ae@us i;f y&m ud&k ;D ,m;±d;k &m
*k%jf yKvI kd vnf;aumif; usi;f y&jcif;jzpfa=umif; xkwjf yefxm;ygonf? r*FvmyGo J ±kyjf y tpDtpOfrsm;jzifh pnfum;pGm usi;f ycJyh gonf?
tcrf;tem;udk us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@ jyKvyk o
f mG ;rnfjzpf+y;D / jrefrmtoif;. q,f pum;ajym+yKd iyf aJG emufq;Hk tqifo h @kd w±kwo f ;kH OD;/ AD,uferfEpS Of ;D / jrefrmESpOf ;D ESihf
ESpw
f m tawG@t=uKH rsm;udk wifjyoGm;Edik &f ef &nf&, G xf m;onf[k od&ygonf? b*F v m;a'f &
h w
f S OD ;wd @
k 0if a &muf , O
S +
f y K
d i =
f u +y ;
D j refrmrS xGe;f xGe;f ausmu f wwd,
tcrf;tem; jzpfajrmufatmifjrifa&;twGuf ud&k ;D ,m;a&muf jrefrmEdik if o H m; qk &&Scd yhJ gonf? yxrESihf 'kw, d udk w±kwf rde;f uav;ESpOf ;D u &&So d mG ;ygonf?
rsm;. 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnD yhyH ;kd r_rsm; trSew f u,f vdt k yfyga=umif;ESihf ud&k ;D ,m;wGif tqd y
k g +y K
d i y
f w
J G i
G f Ed i
k i
f w
H um ,Of a us ; r_ z vS , a
f &;tpD t pOf
t jz pf yD±;l ±d;k &m
aexdik o f mG ;cJo
h l jrefrmEdik if o H m;rsm;taeESihf rdrw d @kd wwfEikd o f nhzf ufrS yg0if=uyg rD;a&mifvt hJ u/ ud&k ;D ,m;acwfay:tursm;udk vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH pkaygi;f ujy wifqu
&ef wdu k wf eG ;f Ed;_ aqmfyga=umif; jrefrmtoif;u qdyk gonf? cf =hJ uygonf? xd@k aemuf ud&k ;D ,m;/ jrefrm/ b*Fvm;a'h&w fS @kd yg0ifonfh ud&k ;D ,m;±d;k &m
jrefrmtoif; tr_aqmifa[mif;rsm;/ &if;ES;D pGm yg0ifywfoufco hJ rl sm; jrefrm r*F v myG J o±k y j
f y ud k wif q uf y go nf ?
toif;od@k jyefvnfqufo, G =f uyg&ef Ed;_ aqmfxm;onf[k od&ygonf? pum;ajym+yKd iyf EJG iS hf ,Ofaus;r_yu JG kd ylc|e;f +rKd @awmf0ef±;Hk . yhyH ;kd r_jzihf ylc|e;f Edik if jH cm;
q,fEpS af jrmufyw JG iG f wifjyrnfh jrefrmtoif; q,fEpS w f mrSww f rf;ESihf jycef; om; tvk y o
f rm;&d y o
f mu ESp p
f Of u si;f yavh&ydS gonf? tqdyk g&yd o f mwGif tywf
twGuf rdrw d @kd xHwiG f odr;f qnf;xm;onfh jrefrmtoif;ESihf pyfqikd af om rSww f rf;/ pOfziG v hf pS o f nfh pum;ajymoifwef;om;rsm;. t&nftcsi;f ppfyw JG ckvnf; jzpfyg
pm&Gupf mwrf;/ "mwfy/Hk a=umfjim/ txdr;f trSwyf pPn;f ESihf tjcm; rSww f rf;rSw&f m onf? tcrf;tem;t+y;D wGif npmblaz;vfjzifh {nfch +H y;D / nydik ;f Y ESpo f pfu;l t}uKd
jzpfaprnfh rnfonfyh pPn;f udrk qdk toif;od@k jyefvnf vSL'ge;f yg&ef arwWm&yfcH rd w q
f a
H k ys m & f i
$ y
f u
J G k d quf v uf u si ;
f ycJ a
h =u mif ; owif ; &&Sy
d g o nf ?
xm;ygonf? axmifpjk ywif; owif;*sme,f t,f'w D m ud0kf if;ay:armifrS ay;yd@k ygonf?
pg-22
tifwmeufowif;rsm;
13 }udraf jrmuf autife, f u l eG *f ,uf jyD;qH;k 'kOuUX Adv k cf sKyfjr tem;,l ud&k ;D ,m;Edik if /H *sD[wfqeG ;f w&m;r#wr_EiS hf +ird ;f csrf;a&;tzG@J rS ay;tyfonfh
Dec 8, 04 1366 ck wefaqmifre k ;f vqkw1f 3 &uf Ak'[ < ;l ae@ qk c s;D jri‡ yhf uJG kd ,ae@ naeydik ;f u ud;k &D;,m;owif;pm taqmufttkw H iG f usi;f y
&m qkcs;D jri‡ chf &H onfh a&mifjcnfO;D tvkyo f rm;tzG@J rS OD;rd;k aqG wufa&mufq, k yl g
&uf 20 eD;yg; =um&Snpf mG usi;f ycJh onf? qkcs;D jri‡ yhf o JG @kd trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ud&k ;D ,m;XmecG/J jrefrmtoif;
aom u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;&H;k au (ud &
k ;
D ,m;)ES ih f atyD t ;
D bD pt
D zG@
J rS wm0ef&o dS rl sm;vnf; wuf a&mufc=hJ uygonf?
tifef,l(KNU) 13 }urd af jrmuf uGef tqdyk gtzG@J OuUÏ uifaAsmifaqmif;u &Sp}f urd af jrmufjzpfaom ,ckEpS q f u k kd
*,ufonf 'DZifbm 7 &ufY jy;D qH;k xd i
k ;
f -j r ef r me,f p yfr S j ref
r mtvk y o
f rm;rs m;ud k ul
n a
D eonf h a&mif jc nf O ;
D tzG @J
oGm;cJo h nf? tqdyk g uGe*f ,uft+y;D tm; ay;tyfonft h wGuf ,ckxuf ydrk u kd n l rD r_ sm; vkyEf ikd +f y;D / xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf
wGif e³t³z ESihf typftcwf&yfpaJ &; rS vl@tcGifhta&;qkH;±_H;ae&aom jrefrmtvkyform;rsm;tygt0if urBmay:&Sd
,ckESpfqef;u wm0efcHaqG;aEG;cJhol tajctaerJah e&onfh a&G@ajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk ydrk t kd m±kpH u kd v f mEdik rf nf jzpf
'kOuUX Adv k cf sKy}f u;D jrvnf; use;f rma&; onf[k tzGirhf ed @f cGe;f wGif xnfo h iG ;f ajym=um; oGm;ygonf?
a=umifh wm0efrS tem;,lomG ;cJo h nf? quf v uf I rJa qmuf r S jref rmtvkyo f rm;rsm;. b0tajctaeudk AD', D u kd kd
Ed0k bFmv 18 &ufrS pwifcahJ om wifjyygonf? xdk@aemuf *sD[wfqGef;w&m;r#wr_ESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;qkESifh
uG e f * ,uf w G i f cef @ rS e f ; xm;onf h a':vmwaomif;udk a&mifjcnfO;D tzG@J rS twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;rd;k aqGtm; ay;tyfcs;D jri‡ hf
twdik ;f 'kOuUX Adv k cf sKy}f u;D jr tem;,l vku d af =umif; od&ygonf?
oGm;um A[dak umfrw D oD pfwiG f rlv
OuUX z'dkapmboifpdefuyif OuUX
tjzpf jyefvnfa&G;aumufccH &hJ onf? 'kOuUX Adv k cf sKy}f u;D wmrvmabm/ taxG t*Fvef Edik if o H l apwemh0efxrf; t*Fvyd pf moif q&mrwOD; txd;k cH&
axGtwGi;f a&;r_; z'drk ef;&Sm/ wGb J uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r_; 1 Adv k rf ;_ wl;wl;av;
ESihf wGb
J uf taxGaxG twGi;f a&;r_; 2 z'dak pma';Apfaxmwd@k vnf; ta&G;cs,cf cH Jh xdik ;f Edik if /H rJaqmuf+rKd @±Sd jrefrmtrsK;d orD;rsm;or*~(B.W.U)tm; t*Fvyd pf m
&h onf? t*F vyd pf um;ESihf ywfoufI apwemh0efxrf; aqmif±u G af y;aeol t*Fvef Edik if H
acgi;f aqmiftajymif;tvJ wcsKd @&Scd ahJ omfvnf; autife, f El iS hf e³t³z typf ol q&mrwOD;tm; 11/ 12/ 2004 ae@ nae 3;00 em&Dcef@wGif jrefrmt0wf
tcwf w&m;0if &yfpaJ &; aqG;aEG;yGu J rkd l rlvwdik ;f qufvuf jyKvyk rf nfjzpfonf? tpm; 0wfqifxm;olwOD;u rsuEf mS udk vufo;D jzifh xd;k cJah oma=umifh q&mrrSm
autife, f l +ird ;f csr;f a&;ud,
k pf m;vS,t f zG@J onf vGecf ahJ om atmufwb kd m 19 txl;ojzifh ESmacgi;f wGif '%f&m&±Su d m rJaqmufaq;±k}H u;D Y jyifyvlemtaeESihf
&ufwiG f aqG;aEG;&ef &efuek o f @kd oGm;cJah omfvnf; e³t³zwGi;f tm%mvkyjJG zpfymG ; ukor_c, H al e&qJjzpfa=umif; owif;&±So d nf?
aeI aqG;aEG;yGJ acwW&yfem;cJ&h onf? xd i
k ;
f Ed i
k i
f o
H @
k d vma&muf t vk y v
f y
k a
f e= uaom jrefrmtvkyo f rm;rsm;xJwiG f
aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;udk 2005 ck ESpq f ef;ykid ;f wGif jyefvnfjyKvyk rf nf[k wGb J uf yHkrSeftvkyfrvkyf=uolrsm; odk@r[kwf tvkyfvufrJhjzpfae=uolrsm;=um;wGif
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r_; 2 a';ApfaxmrS qdo k nf? rl;,pfaq;pGJae=uoltcsKd@ &SdaeonfhtwGuf vk,ufr_ ESifh &rf;um;r_rsm;
“ckvqef;ayghaemf t&if etzxJu quf oG,x f m;wJh vla[mif;awGe@J r= umc%jzpfymG ;aea=umif; owif;&&So d nf? owif; - aomif&if;e*g;
qufo, G v f @kd b,fvrkd rS &jzpfaewJt h csed f =um;u +ird ;f csr;f a&; tusKd ;aqmifwOD;
usaemfw@kd ukd vmawG@w,f? tck vlopfawGe@J tquf&+y?D vmrJEh pS q f ef; aqG;
aEG;yGaJ wG jyefpr,fæ”[k a';ApfaxmrS ajymjyonf? (FIG) a&mifjcnfO;D tvkyo f rm;±H;k tm; xdik ;f &J0ifa&mufp;D eif;
15 'DZifbm 2004(acwf+ydKif)
*s[ D wfqeG ;f w&km;r#wr+EiS hf _idr;f csr;f a&;qkcs;D jr‡iyhf GJ awmifu&kd ;D ,m;
xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf rJaqmuf+rKd @&Sd a&mifjcnfO;D tvkyo f rm;tzJ@G ±H;k cef;tm;
Edik if w
H iG f usi;f y/ rJaqmufrS a&mifjcnfO;D tvkyo f rm;tzJ‹G &&Sd
,refae@nae av;em&DccGJ ef@wGif xdik ;f &Jwyfz@GJ u 0ifa&mufp;D eif;um tvkyo f
2004/ 'DZifbm 10 &uf(axmifpjk ywif;rS) rm; rSww f rf;zdik (f 3)ck/ epfema=u;&vdak om tvkyo f rm;rsm; vma&mufwikd =f um;
xm;onhf av#mufvm$ rSww f rf;zdik w
f ckEiS thf wl ,m,D±;kH wm0efcH udu k yfyg;tm;
zrf;qD;ac:aqmifomG ;+y;D jyefvw $ af y;cJjh cif; r&S[ d k od&onf?
zrf;qD;csed Yf a&mifjcnfO;D tvkyo f rm;±H;k wGif a&muf&adS eaom jrefrmtvkyf
orm; 30 ausmt f m; "gwyf ±kH u
kd ,
f jl cif;/ aexdik cf iG v
hf ufrw S rf sm;tm; ppfaq;jcif;wd@k
udk jyKvyk cf ahJ omfvnf; ‚wd@k tm; zrf;qD;cJjh cif;r&Sad y?
a&mifjcnfO;D tvkyo f rm;tzJ@G onf xdik ;f Edik if aH &muf jrefrmtvkyo f rm;rsm;.
tcGit hf a&;ESihf epfemr_rsm;twGuf xda&mufpmG aqmif±u G af y;r_a=umifh awmif
ud&k ;D ,m;Edik if rH S Tji Hak-soon Justice & Peace Foundationu ,ckEpS f
twGuf w&m;r#wr_EiS hf +ird ;f csr;f a&;qk cs;D jri‡ chf o hJ nf? tzJ@G wm0efcjH zpfol udrk ;kd aqG
qk,&l ef awmifu&kd ;D ,m;od@k oGm;a&mufaecdu k f xdik ;f tm%mydik rf sm;u ,ckuo hJ @kd
0ifa&mufp;D eif;cJjh cif;jzpfonf?
+y;D cJo
h nfh Ed0k ifbm 17 &ufuvnf; a&mifjcnfO;D tvkyo f rm;tzJ@G rS zGiv hf pS f
xm;onfh rJaqmuf+rKd @ rJah wmifrikd f apwemtvkyo f rm;aq;cef;tm; 0ifa&mufp;D
eif;I aq;rSL; udpk ;kd jrifEh ikd t f m; w&m;r0ifaq;ukrj_ zifh zrf;qD;ta&;,lco hJ nf?
Pg-23
tifwmeufowif;rsm;
befaumuf txl;axmifwiG ;f rS udak Zmf}uD; . use;f rma&; Edik if o
H m;tjzpfc, H vl ykd gu vufcoH mG ;rnfjzpfonf?
December 4, 2004 1366 ck wefaqmifre k ;f vjynfah usmf 8 &uf paeae@ w&m;a&;XmerS ajy m=um;&mwG if ud&k ;D ,m;tpd;k &od@k tjcm;Edik if o H m;rsm; cdvk H_
cGihf av#mufxm;r_rmS 2001 rwdik rf u D wESpv f #if 13 OD;cef@ av#mufxm;cJ+h y;D /
2001 rS 2003 twGi;f wESpf v#if 83 OD; &Scd o hJ nf qdyk gonf? ,ckEpS w f iG f
atmufwb kd mv txd 113 OD;&Sad ea=umif; ajymygonf?
av#mufvm$ 362 ckteuf 93 ckukd t+y;D owf ppfaq;+y;D jzpfI 31 ckukd
vufcu H m 62 ckukd y,fcsxm;ygonf? 218 ckukd ppfaq;qJ jzpf+y;D / 51 ckrmS jyef
vnf±w k o
f rd ;f oGm;cho
J nf?
,cifu 'kuo Q nf 14 OD;vufcx H m;&mwGif 8 OD;rSm ud&k ;D ,m;tpd;k &u vufcH
xm;olrsm; jzpfI 6 OD;rSm ukvor*~. 'kuo Q nfrsm; jzpf=uygonf? w&m;a&;
Xmeu qufvufI ppfaq;r_rsm; jyKvyk +f y;D v#if cdv k cH_ iG ahf y;oifo
h rl sm;udk xyfraH y;
oGm;OD;rnfjzpfa=umif; ajymqdykd gonf? KT

wdu
k *f g;zvm;abmfv;kH _ydKifyw GJ iG f jrefrmtoif; yxrt}udrf tkypf u
k |wf
tdru
f iG ;f tjzpf wjcm;Edik if w
H iG f oGm;a&mufupm;&rnf
,ckEpS f =o*kwv f uwnf; u ukvor*~ apmift h a&SmufcH POC tjzpfrS 17 'DZifbm 2004 (acwf+ydKif//{&m0wD) yDwmatmif/ udak *s
xkwyf ,fcx H m;cJ&h um ,cktcg SDC txl;k tcsKyf axmifwiG ;f wdu k yf w
d cf aH e&ol
udkaZmf}uD;ac: aZmfjrifh NI 1100 onf use;f rma&;tajctae qd;k 0g;um vdyf
acgi;f a&m*g/ tzsm;a&m*grsm;tjyif pdwu f s a0'em a&m*grsm;yg cHpm;ae&onf[k
od&onf?“ol@ukd wOD;wnf;cGjJ y;D b,foel @J rS awG@cGihf ray;wm[m ol@twGuf
a&m*g a0'emaygif;pHu k dk jzpfapwmbJ cifAsæ” [k udak Zmf}u;D ESihf eD;pyfow l OD;rS
FIG odk@ ajymjyonf?
,ltifrS xkwyf ,fcv H ukd &f onfh =o*kwv f uyif jyefvnfapmifah &Smufra_ y;&ef
ukvor*~ befaumuf&;kH ok@d toem;cHpm jyefwifcahJ om udak Zmf}u;D tm; wdu k f
ydwx f m;cJo h nfrmS 3 vcGaJ usmf =umcJjh yD jzpfonf?
,ae@wdik f ol@tm; jyefvnfapmifah &Smufay;a&;ESihf ywfoufjy;D ,ltif&;kH rS
wpHw k &m ta=umif;jyefI aqmif&u G af y;jcif; r&Sad o;[kvnf; od&onf? “usaemfh
udk 'DtxJrmS wdu k yf w
d /f wa,mufxx J m;wm 2 vcGaJ usmf+y/D usaemfu h kd POC
jyefowfrw S af y;bd@k uvJ =o*kwv f wnf;u pmjyefwifxm;wm tckxd bmrS
ta=umif;rjyefvmao;bl;æ? usaemfu h pd P rD',
D mawGuaewqifh ajymay;=u
ygæ” [k udak Zmf}u;D ud, k w f idk f ,cifvu ajym=um;cJb h ;l onf? ,cktcg udak Zmf
}u;D tm; tquftoG,jf yKvyk I f r&awmh[k od&onf?
ol@tm; xef[ife,fpyf ausmif;om;pcef;od@k yd@k rnf[k tm%mydik rf sm;rS ajym
=um;aea=umif; od&onf? xk@d tjyif jr0wDe,fpyfo@kd jyefomG ;vdu k vnf; oGm;cGifh rav;&Sm;ESihf AD,uferfEikd if w H iG f usi;f yaeonfh ig;}urd af jrmuf wdu k *f g;zvm;
jyKrnf[k xkid ;f tm%mykid rf sm;u ajymqdak eaomfvnf; udak Zmf}u;D url xef[if abmvH;k +yKd iyf w GJ iG f jrefrmtoif;onf ta&Sw › aD rmtoif;tm; 3 *d;k 1 *d;k jzifh t
pcef;ESihf jr0wDe,fpyf ESpcf pk vH;k od@k jyefy@dk ygu touftEW&,f pd;k &dr&f onf[k Edik &f um tkypf Ak v kd t f jzpf yxOD;qH;k t}urd f t}uKd Av kd v f yk o
GJ @kd wufa&mufomG ;
ajym=um;aea=umif; od&onf? ,cktcg udak Zmf}u;D onf befaumuf ,ltif±;kH onf?
t&m&Srd sm;ESihf awG@qH&k ef qEN&aSd e+y;D ol@twGuf ,ltifrS umuG,af pmifah &Smuf t}uKd Av kd v f yk w GJ iG f tkypf (k u)rS 'kw, d &onfh piuFmyltoif;ESihf 'DZifbm
ay;&ef vkv d m;v#u&f o dS nf? (FIG) 29 &ufwiG f &efuek +f rKd @Y‚/ Zefe0g&D 2 &ufae@wGif puFmylEikd if w H iG ‚
f ,SO+f yKd if
upm;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; tm&SabmvH;k tzG@J csKyu f y,fcsco hJ nfth wGuf jrefrm
ud&k ;D ,m;tpd;k & Edik if aH &;'kuo
Q nf 17 OD; xyfrv
H ufcH toif;. tdru f iG ;f ukd rav;&Sm;Edik if /H uGmvmvrfy+l rKd @awmf&dS cs&D ufpfCheras
2004 'DZifbm 7 -(axmifpjk ywif;rS) tm;upm;uGi;f tm; a±G;cs,v f u kd of nf[k jrefrmhtm;upm; wm0ef&o dS w
l OD;u
ajymqdkonf?
ud&k ;D ,m;tpd;k & w&m;a&;XmerS Edik if jH cm;om; 17 OD;tm; Ekid if aH &;'kuo Q nf jrefrmEdik if &H dS abmvH;k uGi;f rsm;onf Edik if w H um+yKd iyf rGJ sm; vufcu H si;f y&ef pHcsed f
tjzpf xyfrv H ufcv H ukd I
f Ekid if aH &;'kuo
Q nf 31 OD; &So
d mG ;+yjD zpfa=umif; owif; rrSo D nht f wGuf tm&SabmvH;k tzJ@G csKyu f y,fcscjhJ cif;jzpf+y;D Edik if aH &;rwnf+ird f
xkwjf yefygonf? 'kw, d w&m;a&;0ef}u;D uifaqmif[;D u aemufxyf av#muf onht f wGuf r[kwaf =umif; jrefrmEdik if aH bmvH;k tzG@J csKyEf iS hf eD;pyfaom todik ;f t
v$m 22 ckukd ppfaq;aeqJjzpfa=umif; t*Fgae@u ajymqdyk gonf? 0dik ;f u jiif;qdo k nf?
rdcifEikd if o
H @kd jyef&ef rjzpfEikd af wmhonfh ta&S@awmiftm&SrS 12 OD;ESi/hf tmz&du tdr&f iS t
f jzpf usi;f yrnfqv kd sif pwm;tm;upm; ±kyjf rifo=H um;vdik ;f rS wdu k f
rS twdu k t f cH 4 OD;wd@k udk Edik if aH &;t& 'kuo Q nfrsm;tjzpf vufcv H u
kd jf cif; jzpf ±du k x f wk v f i$ rhf r_ sm;udk cGijhf yK&rnfjzpf+y;D Edik if w H umowif;axmufrsm;twGuf
onf? tjcm;wOD;rSm ta&S@tv,fyikd ;f a'orS bmoma&;'kuo Q nf jzpfygonf? vnf; tifwmeufcsw d qf ufrr_ sm; vkyaf y;&rnfjzpfonf?
4if;wd@k udk ud&k ;D ,m;tpd;k &u aexdik cf iG Ahf ZD m xkwaf y;rnfjzpf+y;D / aemufyikd ;f wGif rav;&Sm;od@k oGm;a&mufowif;,lcahJ om tm;upm;*sme,fwapmif. t,f'D
pg-24
tifwmeufowif;rsm;
wmu “owif;axmufawGu uGejf yLwmawGukd tifwmeufe@J csw d qf uf+y;D csuf pmayrsK;d qufjyef@yGm;a&;&nf±, G I f jrefrmpmqdak wmfae@ txdr;f trSwf tcrf;
csi;f owif;a&;/ owif;yd@k aecsed rf mS usaemfw@kd awGu abmyife@J pm±Guo f ;kH +y;D vdu k f tem;wck xd i
k ;
f -jrefrme,f pyf rJaqmuf +rKd @&Sd awm&bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;wGif
rSwaf e&wmAsæ”[k ol.tawG@t=uKH tm; ajymjyonf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKy(f vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)u OD;pD;usi;f ycJ&h m vGwaf jrmuf
tu,fI jrefrmtoif;ESihf rav;&Sm;toif;wd@k zdik ef ,fo@kd a&mufcv hJ sif jrefrm e,fajra&muf pma&;q&m/ uAsmq&mrsm;jzpf=uonfh wifxeG ;f atmif(jrefrmh
Edik if .H tdr&f iS u f iG ;f tm; aemufxyf =um;aeEdik if . H uGi;f wckukd a±G;cs,&f OD;rnf? tvif;)/ armifa&qef/ armifvrG ;f %DEiS hf ud+k ird ;f a0wd@k u ‚wd@k jzwfoef;cJo h nfh
pmaytawG@t=uKH rsm;tm; a[majymcJ=h uonf?
trsK;d om;pmqdq k ak y;yJu
G si;f OD;wifxeG ;f atmifu- “usaemfa&;cJw h hJ jrefrmEdik if aH &;eJ@ ocifbaomif;pm
13 'DZifbm 2004 udak *s({&m0wD) tky[ f m jrefrmhvw G vf yfa&; }uKd ;yrf;r_ordik ;f udk ocifbaomif; Zwfaumifxm;+y;D
a&;wmæ? ,ae@xd qufpyfaew,fæ/ acwfraDS ew,fæ/ 'Dpmtkyu f kd jyef
2004 ckEpS t f wGuf trsK;d om;pmay woufwmqkEiS hf trsK;d om;pmayqkay;yJG xkwzf @kd t}urd rf sm;pGm }uKd ;yrf;w,f? e³t³zu xkwcf iG rhf ay;bl;æ? 'g- usaemfu h kd
tcrf;tem;tm; &efuek +f rKd @/ +rKd @rausmif;vrf;&Sd trsK;d om;uZmwf±YkH ,refae@u ydww f mvm;qdak wmh rydwyf gbl;wJæ h ? wifxeG ;f atmif(jrefrmhtvif;)uavmif
usi;f ycJ&h m trsK;d om;pmay woufwmqkukd pma&;q&m(OD;)aX;armifu &&S+d y;D emrnfe@J a&;vd@k r&bl;? 'ga=umifh wDwaD tmifemrnfe@J a&;&w,f? wcs›Ku d ar;
emrnfausmf pma&;q&mr a'guw f mrwif0if;(ynma&;wuUov kd )f u tm&SEikd if H =uw,f? wDwaD tmifqw kd m rde;f rvm;wJ?h pmukd jzpfovdak &;&awmh a,muFsm;
rsm;udk zJ, h l odr;f ,lc=hJ uaom e,fcsrJ› sm;pmtkyjf zifh Edik if aH &;pmayqk&&So d nf? &ifrh m}u;D u rde;f rjzpfomG ;&w,fæ”[k a[majymyJw G iG f ajym=um;oGm;ygonf?
qk&cJo h nfh tjcm;pma&;q&mrsm;rSm 3 em&Dpmtkyjf zifh 0wˆK&n S qf u k kd aqmif; tcrf;tem;od@k jrefrmtvkyo f rm;rsm;ESihf tzJ@G tpnf;toD;oD;rS pmay0goem
0if;vwf/ zufprd ;f uGr;f awmifa±$0wˆKwrkd sm;jzifh 0wˆKwakd ygi;f csKyf pmtkyq f u k kd cifcif &Sirf sm; wufa&muf=uonf?
xl;/ arwWm&dyf eef;yef;a&mifpu kH Asmrsm;jzifh uAsmaygi;f csKyq f u
k kd pvif;bke;f ausm/f
trsK;d orD;pmqdak vmuESifh b0a=u;rHpk mtkyjf zifh pmya'omqkukd a':rdrad v;/
jrefrma&S;a[mif;rifpmESihf jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_pmtkyjf zifh ,Ofaus;r_EiS hf tEkynmpm jrefrmtvSr,ftjzpf td±yl g0if; ta±G;cs,cf &H
ayqkukd armifopPm/ avmueDwu d Asmrsm;jzihf uav;pmayqkukd jrif;rlarmifEikd f 23 'DZifbm 2004 (tjrifopf)
rd;k / yef;rsK;d tvSyef;tvSpmtkyjf zifh vli,fpmayqkukd oef;atmif(tnmajr)/ppf
zufacgi;f aqmifr. _ rsuEf mS zH;k pmtkyjf zifh bmomjyef(okw)pmayqkukd vdi_ ;f oif;/
0Hyak vGrsm;jzifh uckejf cif;pmtkyjf zifh bmomjyef&o pmayqkukd armifxeG ;f ol/ r
[m0ef&iS af wmfrif;}u;D tkycf sKyaf &;pmtkyjf zifh okwya'om(0dZm… )pmayqkukd (a':)
r=uef/ tem;pGe;f ay:od@k pmtkyjf zifh okwya'om(±d;k ±d;k ody)H` pmayqkudk ausmfO;D /
jrefrmrkwo f pkH mtkyjf zifh okwya'om(toH;k csoyd )H` pmayqkukd Edik af ±$r;kd / a±$wcH g;
}u;D zGiyhf gO;D ESit
hf jcm;jyZwfrsm;pmtkyjf zifh jyZwfpmayqkukd =uL=uLoif;wd@k jzpfonf?
pma&;q&m'*kew f m&mu qkay;pOfu qkukd vufrcHcahJ =umif;ESihf xdpk mayqk
ay;yJo G @kd vnf; oGm;a&mufwufa&mufcjhJ cif;r&So d nfth jyif pmayqkay;cJah om pm
tkyo f nfvnf; trSm;t,Gi;f rsm;vGe;f onft h wGuf pdwrf csr;f romjzpfcahJ =umif;
vnf; ajymcJo h nf?
tqdyk gpmayqkEiS yhf wfoufI jrefrmpma&;q&mwOD;u “odwt hJ wdik ;f yJæ
b,fvpkd mtkyaf wGukd qkay;w,fqw kd m tm;vH;k uodaeawmh pdw0f ifpm;p&m
vnf; raumif;ygbl;æ”[k ajym=um;ygonf? 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D wGif tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if /H *smumwGif usi;f yjyKvyk rf nfh
tmqD,H ,Ofaus;r_r,f(Miss Asean Culture)od@k 0ifa&muf,OS +f yKd i&f eftwGuf
pmqdak wmfae‹tcrf;tem; rJaqmufwiG u
f si;f y jrefrmtvSr,ftjzpf yxrESpf t*Fvdyfbmom&yfausmif;ol td±lyg0if;(20
20 'DZifbm 2004 (acwf+ydKif/) ESp)f tm; a±G;cs,v f u kd +f yjD zpfonf?
+yKd iyf 0GJ if vSysKjd zL 24 OD;teuf 10 OD;udk qefumwifa±G;cs,+f y;D rS tvSr,frsm;
onf pdw}f uKd uw f &l , d m wD;r_ww f ifqufjcif;/ t*Fvyd b f mom/ taxGaxGA[kok
wrsm;udk ajzqd+k y;D aemuf 5 OD;udk usi;f ya&;aumfrwDu a±G;cs,cf o hJ nf?
xd@k aemuf td±yl g0if;u yxr/ areef;OD;u 'kw, d / aryGiv
hf i_d u
f wwd, toD;
oD;&&Scd =hJ ua=umif; e³t³zydik f owif;pmu azmfjycJo h nf? qktjzpf a±$pif±yk w f k
wck/ wESppf mydik q f ikd cf iG &hf &Srd nfh pdeof &zlwckEiS hf jrefrmusyaf iG ode;f oH;k q,f &&Srd nf
jzpfonf?
wjcm;Edik if aH wGe@J ,SO+f yKd iw f t hJ cg usrwd@k Edik if t
H wGuf ,Ofaus;r_ow H refwOD;
taeeJ@ taumif;qH;k jzpfatmif vkyaf qmifomG ;ygr,f[k qk&&Scd o hJ l td±yl g0if;u
attufyo D @kd ajym=um;cJyh gonf?
tqdyk gyo GJ @kd trSwaf y;'dik t f jzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ rl sm;xJwiG f 1961 ckEpS f r,fArm
qk&iS f a':at;at;jrifv h nf;yg0ifygonf?
ppftm%m&Sit f qufquf tkycf sKyaf eonfh jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ESpaf ygi;f av;q,f
twGi;f yxrOD;qH;k t}urd f jyefvnfusi;f yjcif;jzpfonf?

Pg-25
*syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;
em*d,
k mnDvmcH 2005 Edik if w
H umvl‹tcGit
hf a&;ae‹txdr;f trSwf pDwef;vSnv
hf n
S q
f ENjy
jrefrmh'rD u
kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf a&Sv
› yk if ef;pOfrsm; aqG;aEG;yJG 05-12-2004(armif&iS /f bm;rm;rD',
D mowif;axmuf)
wdik ;f jynfut
kd yk cf sKyfwhJ acgif;aqmifrsm;[m
jynfov
l x l ak xmufcrH t _ iftm;eJ@ tkycf sKyfwm jzpf&r,f?
vufeuftiftm;eJ@ tkycf sKyfwm rjzpf&bl;?
a':atmifqef;pm=unf
jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDa&;&maqG;aEG;yJG/ pdwf0ifpm;olwdkif; yg0if wufa&muf
aqG;aEG;=uyg&ef zdw=f um;tyfygonf?
ae@&uf? ? 29 - 30 Zefe0g&vD 2005(pae/ we*FaEGae@)
tcsdef? ? eHeuf 9;30 rS nae 5;30 txd?
ae&m? ? Higashiyamaajratmuf&xm;vdik ;f pD;I Moto-
yama blwmwGiq f if;yg? xGuaf yguef yH gw(f 4)
qufo, G &f ef? ? em*d,k mnDvmcHjzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD? 'DZifbmv 10 &ufae@wGiu f sa&mufrnhf Edik if w H umvl@tcGit hf a&;ae@txdr;f
Nagoya-shi, Atsuta-ku, Nakade-cho,
trSwt f wGuf *syefEikd if t
H ajcpdu k /f Edik if w
H umvGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGit hf zG@J (AM-
2-22 Hibinodanchi 1-1010, T 456-0067 NESTY INTERNATIONAL JAPAN)rS OD;aqmifum 'DZifbmv 5 &ufae@
Tel&Fax 052 681 2635 (we*FaEG)u vlpnfum;aom &Sb D ,
l +rKd @wGif ae@vnf 1;30 em&DrS 3;00 em&D
E-mail nagoya2005con@hotmail.com txd vltiftm; 350 ausmjf zifh pDwef;vSnv hf nf qENjy=u&m jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pD
ta&;vkyaf qmifae=uolrsm;uvnf; OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf Edik if H
nD!w
G af omwdik ;f &if;om;rsm;tzJ‹G (*syef)ESpyf wfvnfnv
D mcHusi;f y a&;tusO;f om;rsm; "gwyf rkH sm;udik af qmifum tjrefq;kH jyefvw G af &;/ jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f
05-12-2004(armif&iS /f bm;rm;rD',
D mowif;axmuf) vl@tcGithf a&; xGe;f um;vmapa&;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDa&;twGuf *syef-jrefrmESpb f m
omjzifh aºu;a=umfqENjycJ=h uygonf?

jrefrmh'rD ukd a&pDa&;v+y&f mS ;olrsm;tzJ‹G rS}uD;rSL;I


jrefrmhEikd if aH &;aqG;aEG;yJG usi;f y
26-12-2004(armif&iS /f bm;rm;rD',
D mowif;axmuf)

2003 ckEpS rf S pwifI zJ@G pnf;cJah om nD!w G af omwdik ;f &if;om;rsm;tzJ@G (*syef)


. wESpjf ynfh ESpyf wfvnfnv D mcHukd 'DZifbm 5 &ufae@u Takadanobaba
wGif nae 6;00 em&DrS 9;00 em&Dtxd usi;f yjyKvyk cf =hJ u&m *syefEikd if &H dS wdik ;f &if;
om;toD;oD;rS tzJ@G 0ifrsm; rdrw d @kd . ±d;k &m0wfprkH sm;0wfqifI wufa&mufc+hJ y;D
wm0ef&o dS rl sm;rS tzG@J .vkyif ef;pOfrsm;ESihf rl0g'rsm;udk &Si;f vif;ajym=um;jcif;ESihf
xdik ;f Edik if t H ajcpduk f UNLDOuUX OD;cGerf mudb k ef;rSay;yd@k aom o0%fvm$ udk zwf vuf&dS jrefrmEdik if aH &;tajctaeESiyhf wfouf+y;D *syefEikd if t H ajcpdu k f jrefrmh'rD kd
=um;um wufa&muf vm=uonfh 'Dru kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;/ tzJ@G toD;oD;rS ua&pD a&;v_ y &
f m
S ;olrsm;tzJ @
G ( BDA Group )rS }u;
D rS L;I jref
r mh
E i
k d i
f a
H &;aqG;aEG;yJG
wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vrf sm; }uKd qEkd w_ cf eG ;f quftrSmpum;toD;oD;ajym=um;cJyh gonf? w&yf udk ,ae@(26-12-2004)ae@vnf 1;30 rS nae 4;30 txd usi;f yjyKvyk f
cJ&h m *syefEikd if t
H ajcpduk f 'Dru
kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;olrsm;/ wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;/ pdwyf g0ifpm;ol
rsm; wufa&mufaqG;aEG;=ua=umif; od&&dS ygonf?

jrefrmaeaomtcef;rS rD;avmifrj+ zpf


26-12-2004(ae0ef;)
wdu
k sK+d rKd @/ cdt
k if;*s&d yfuu
G &f dS jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm; aexdik af om wduk w
f ckwiG f rD;aygq
h
r_jzpfymG ;I n 8 em&DavmufwiG f tdrw f cef;vH;k rD;avmifq;kH ±H;_ oGm;a=umif;ESihf
xdktcef;ESifh qufpyfaeaom ab;cef;/ atmufcef;rsm;onf a&yufjzef;cH&r_
a=umifh a&ydu k 'f %ft&Sed Ef iS hf tcef;twGi;f &Sd ypPn;f rsm; ysupf ;D r_jzpfc&hJ ygonf?
xdt k a&;ESiyhf wfowfI rD;owfXmeu aq;vdyrf ;D a=umif[ h k aumufcsucf sxm;
ygonf? xdktcef;wGifaexdkifaom olrsm;udkvnf; &Ju vdkufvH&SmazGpHkprf;
aea=umif; owif;&&Syd gonf?
pg-26
\
pOf
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw

trnf
h u kd t
f wGuf aiGa-u;vSLwef;cJ-h uolrsm;pm&if;ESihf
,cifvoH;k pJcG ahJ om aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;xkwjf yefcsu?f
vSLwef;aiG vuQ&H &So
|
d nfah eŒ

1? oDwmEdkif 20000(ESpaf omif;,ef;wdw)d 'DZifbmv(20) &uf


2? udak tmifatmifvi+d f racsmeENmxGe;f (a±$,rif;OD;) 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d ?
3? udk-unfpef; 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d ?
4? udjk rifah qG 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d ?
5? udkoef;xGËfatmif 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d ?
6? ud&k w J ifh 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d ?
7? udpk ;kd oD[ 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d ?
8? udx
k eG ;f xGe;f Edik /f roif;oif;vwf/ rcsKcd sKjd rifh 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d ?
9? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unhw f u kd t
f r+aqmiftzJ‹G 26000(ESpaf omif;ajcmufxmif,ef;) ?
10? 'DZifbmv vufuseaf iG 93519(ud;k aomif;oH;k axmifig;&mwq,fu
h ;kd )

pkpak ygif; 158519(q,fih g;;aomif;&Spaf xmifig;&mwq,fu


h ;kd )

rd;k aomuf-u,f*sme,f(1)pm±du k cf 17640(waomif;ckEpS af xmifajcmuf&mav;q,f)


pmyd‹k c 4870(av;axmif&h pS &f mckEpS q
f ,fwwd )d
pmtky0f ,f(wdu k sK)d 1300(waxmifo h ;kH &m,ef;)
pmtky0f ,f(&efuek )f 30000(oH;k aomif;,ef;wdw)d
pkpak ygif; 53810(ig;aomif;oH;k axmif&pS &f mhwq,f)

Zefe0g&Dvvufuseaf iG 104709(q,faomif;av;axmifcEk pS &f mud;k ,ef;)


rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unhw
f u
kd w
f iG f 0,f,El ikd af ompmtkyrf sm;ESihf rSww
f rf;rSw&f mrsm;

1? ‘OD;ae0if;.jymwqky’f (a=u;rH;k OD;aomif;) 1800 ,ef; 11? ordkif;opfcGyfa'gif;(oDcsif;acG) tZ…Ke 1000 ,ef;
2? a':atmifqef;pk=unf vufa±G;pOfred @f cGe;f rsm; 1000 ,ef; 12? 2003 ckEpS f pmqdak wmfae@AD',
D akd cG apmodef;(MTK) 1000 ,ef;
3? a=umuf±@HG jcif;rSuif;vGwaf &; (a'gufwmatmifcif) 1000 ,ef; 13? wkww
f jywf/"g;wjyufum;wGerf sm;(0vH;k -rzrf;rcsi;f wdu
k sK)d 500 ,ef;
4? vl&iS o
f csKid ;f rsm;ta=umif; (aevif; tuo) 1000 ,ef; 14? cGyfa'gif;tvHac:&modk@ (wifrdk;) 500 ,ef;
5? jrefrmjynfcspu
f &ifacgi;f aqmifrsm; (armifpif=u,f) 1000 ,ef;
6? ocifEdkifiHawmf (wifarmifoef;) 1000 ,ef; qufvufxw
k af 0rnfph mtkyrf sm;
7?jrefrmEdkifiHrSxdkif;EdkifiHodk@ vkyftm;ajymif;a±$@r_ (NDD) 1000 ,ef; armifprG ;f &nf. armf'ef.rm,m
8? &ifcwfyef; (jrefrmtoif;/ ud&k ;D ,m;) 1000 ,ef; armifyn
k (=opa=w;vs) csu}f u;D vdv
k pl m;ESit
fh jcm;0wˆKwrkd sm;
9? tm%m&Sio
f @kd ay;pmrsm;(tydik ;f 1š2) 2000 ,ef; armifpif=u,f yef;=umoH;k cdik f
10? ndK;EGr;f =u,f(rSww
f rf;"gwyf )kH ,mrmrdw
k kd 1850 ,ef; udo
k ifjh rwf zd;k wkwšf jrav; Zwfvrf;wJrG sm;
Pg-27
*syefa&muf pmay0goemygol/ pmzwfcsio
f rl sm;twGuf

pm=unfw
h u
kd zf iG &hf uf? ? pae/ we*FaEG/ wevFmESihf ±H;k ydw&f uf
pm=unfw
h u
kd zf iG chf sdef? ? ae@vnf 12;00 em&DrS n 10;00 xd
pm=unfw
h u
kd zf ek ;f eHygwf? ? 03 3364 5163
rSwcf su?f ? rvmcif zke;f óuqufyg

pg-28

Вам также может понравиться