MTK Vol3 No4

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23? udkausmfol 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d ?
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Tod@k jzifh wem&De;D yg;r#=umvsif vdik ;f um;uav;onf rJaqmufòr@wGi;f od@k c&D;OD;}uKd =u&onf? axmifu}J u;D ae&mcsay;aomae&mwGif xdik v f u kd =f uonf?
0ifvmavonf? usaemfonf rJaqmufut dk =urf;rsO;f =unfrh v d udk . f ? tdraf jc w±kwq f ikd of nf trSeyf ifom;em;aomqkid jf zpfonf? tpm;tpmESit hf wl tazsmf
,majcrsm;onf jynfo h yd v f monf? wcsK@d aom rd;k xk;d taqmuftOD}u;D rsm;ukd ,rumr&nfrsm;onf tjynft h pHyk if&o dS nf? rSm+y;D Irpm;v#if raumif;rSmpk;d
vnf; jrif&onf? 1978 ckEpS w f iG f usaemfyxrqH;k a&mufcb hJ ;l onfh rJaqmufEiS hf ojzifh usaemfonf ajcav;acsmif;om;rpm;a=umif;ukd }uKd wifyifajymvku d o
f nf?
twefyifjcm;em;aeonf ukd owdjyKvu dk rf o d nf? usaemfw@kd onf tpm;tpmra&mufvmrD bD,mtenf;i,fuadk omuf=u
yxrwGif vdik ;f um;onf ol.*dwt f qH;k wGif c&D;onfrsm;ukcd say;onf? xkt d onf? vrf;teD; tawG@t=uKH rsm;ukad r;ojzifh ajymjy&avonf? vrf;wGiAf v dk rf LS ;
cg usaemfq h ufom;trsK;d orD;armif;ckid ;f aom rd;k uJum;*dwq f o D @dk qufarmif;oGm; pk;d pk;d ukd usaemfwckowdxm;vdu k yf gonf? 1978 ckEpS /f yxrt}urd af wG@&pOfxuf
.? rk;d uJum;*dww f iG rf ef;Av&Si. f ZGu J yif(ZGu J aemif)xrif;qkid Ef iS hf acguq f q JG idk &f dS olrsm;pGm0+zKd ;vmonf? xdpk Ofu Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d onf ‘0rfc’taumuf*w d rf LS ;jzpf
.? q,fred pfcef@armif;rdv#if a&mufomG ;avawmhonf? xdpk Ofu ref;Av&Si. f onf? ,cktcg KNUwckv;kH . axmufvrS ;f a&;rSL;jzpfaeavonf?
qkid rf mS ajrpku d w f u J av;omjzpf.? aemufyidk ;f wGif aps;tkycf sKyaf &;tzG@J u ,if;rk;d usaemfonf Adv k rf LS ;pk;d pk;d ody0f vma=umif;ajymvku d rf o
d nf? oluvnf; us
uJum;*dwaf ps;ukd pepfwusjyefvnfwnfaqmufay;ojzifh ref;Av&Sit f ygt0if
vrf;xdy&f OdS ;D rGe}f u;D (OD;oef;pde)f wkd rh S wku d cf ef;ay:Y aps;qkid rf sm;zGiv hf mEdik . f ?
ref;Av&Sio f nf usaemfw h @kd ukad wG@v#if v_u d v f pJS mG yif}uKd qo dk nf? qufom;
trsK;d orD;ukv d nf; ol.wm0efausyeG rf t _ wGuf t}urd }f urd cf s;D usL;avonf? ref;
Av&SiEf iS u hf saemfonf 1978 ckEpS w f iG Yf &efuek &f dS q&momxkt d rd w f iG f yxrqH;k
qHb k ;l =u.? ,ckqv kd #if ref;Av&Sio f nf vlvwfyidk ;f ok@d a&mufae+yjD zpfonf?
ref;Av&Sio f nf vky&f u J idk &f pJ w d &f o dS jl zpf.? ,ck ol.pm;aomufqikd o f nf
tvGet f csut f csusaomae&mwGi&f adS eonf? rJaqmufEiS jhf r0wDqufo, G af &;
omr[kwf jynfyESiq hf ufo, G af &;tvGeaf umif;aomtaetxm;wGif &Sad eonf?
txl;ojzifh u&ifjynfe,f/ rGejf ynfe,ftygt0if jynfwiG ;f urJaqmufo@dk a&muf
vmolwidk ;f ref;Av&SiEf iS hf uif;cJvo S nf? oluvnf;apwemaumif;onf? t
enf;qH;k tm;jzifh ol@xHwiG f xrif;weyfum; pm;bl;=uavonf?
qufom;trsK;d orD;u Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d xH w,fvzD ek ;f quf&ef owday;vmonf? Adv
k rf LS ;pd;k pd;k tm; NDF±H;k wGiaf wG@&pOf
h u
kd u
tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg;
aemfodyfydefaea=umif; jyefajym&Smonf? xdktcgwGif &,fp&marmp&mtjzpf a=umif;vnf; ajymjyavonf?
axmifuvGwI f oH;k av;vt=um tom;xGuaf tmifyifrapmif&h mS aom quf Akv
d rf LS ;pk;d pd;k .wyf&if;(12)onf Akv d cf sKy‘f atmfvpfAm’. wyfr[m(4)atmuf
om;trsK;d orD;.tjypf[k &,farmIajymvdu k &f awmhonf? bufEiS hf aumhaomif;ab;wGi&f o dS nf? Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d onf KNUwckv;kH . axmuf
(rcsKdE dki fwdk@tdrf) vSr;f a&;wm0eftjyif ,if;wyf&if;(12). wyf&if;rSL;vnf;jzpfonf? ok@d &mwGif
,refae@nu pdwfcsvufcstdyfvkdufaoma=umifh ,ae@tdyf,mrSEkd;vm wm0efrsm;jym;ojzifh wyf&if;ok@d wcgw&HomoGm;Edik o f nf? Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d .uk, d pf m;
aomtcg eHeuf 10 em&Dyifx;dk aeav+y?D rSejf ywif;rSwqifh teD;tem;0ef;usio f @dk ol@nD0rf;uGw J a,mufu 'k-wyf&if;rSL;ae&mu wm0ef,al y;&onf?
usaemfvrS ;f ar#m=f unfv h udk rf od nf? usaemf.vHjk cKH a&;twGuf vl0ifvx l u G ef nf; pufwifbmvok@d a&mufvmv#if aomif&if;a&onf usvmonf? xkad e@
yg;aomwae&mok@d Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d ESirhf ef;Av&Siw f @dk u nwGi;f csi;f ajymif;a±$@ae&mcs onf pufwifbmv 23 &ufaomf‚/ 25 &ufaomf‚ jzpfrnf[k usaemfxif
xm;ay;jcif;jzpfonf? 0if;jc}H u;D twGi;f &Sd t0iftxGu*f w d 0f wGif ajrpku d w f u dk t f rd f onf? eHeuf 9 em&DavmufwiG f Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d wd, k wdk mum;jzifh a&mufvmonf?
wvH;k &So d nf? ,if;wku d . f aemufbufY tkwcf EH pS x f yf taqmuftODwck&o dS nf? um;aemufykdif;Y rme,fyavmoGm;rnfh c&D;onftcsKd@vnf;ygvmonf?
tay:xyfwiG f tcef;us,Ef pS cf &k &dS m ,refae@nu wcef;Y u|eaf wmftyd &f +y;D usaemfu Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d ESit
hf wl um;a&Sc› ef;wGiw f ufvu dk +f y;D usaemfo h m;ti,f
wcef;Yusaemfo h m;ESpaf ,muftyd =f uonf? onf um;aemufwiG w f ufvu kd o f nf?
usaemhfxuftdyf,mxapmaom r=umrD rcsKEd ikd w f @kd tdrrf S wk, d w dk m
om;ESpaf ,mufonf jc0H &Sd wdu k t f rd o
f @dk um;uav;onf rJaqmuftjyifbuf
oGm;um tdrf&SiftrsKd;orD;tygt0if okd@ a&mufvmonf? rJaqmuf.jrif
tdraf z:trsK;d orD;wk@d ESiyhf g pum;vuf uGi;f rsm;onf 1978 ckEpS u f xuf rsm;
qHu k sae=uavonf? Tok@d jzifh usaemf pGmjcm;em;aeonfuo dk wdjyKr. d ? xdpk Of
tdy, f mrSE;dk vm+yu D o dk &d onfEiS hf om; u [kw d ,f[I l yxr[kw d ,f(First
ESpfa,mufESifh tdrf&SiftrdsK;orD;wdk@ hotel)om&Sad omfvnf; ,ckrl tvwf
onf pm;aomufz, G &f mrsm;jzifh a&muf pm;[kw d ,frsm;tjyif t}u;D qH;k [kw d ,f
vm=uonf? jzpfonfh (Mae Sod Hill)udk ta0;u
tdr&f iS t f rsK;d orD;rSm usaemfo h m;t yifvrS ;f jrifae&onf?
}u;D ESihf rwdr;f r,dr;f yifjzpfonf? emrnf trSerf mS rJaqmuf+rKd @uav;onf
rSm rcsKEd idk jf zpfonf? Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d . wlr xkid ;f -jrefrme,fpyf&dS +rKd @uav;omjzpf
0rf;uGaJ wmfonf? olonf KNUaq; (0Jr,S m)armifpif=u,f Adv k cf sKyfausmfaomif;(KNDO) onf? wcsed u f &mZ0wfom;rsm;tm;
wyfwGif wm0efxrf;aqmif&mrS jyif tjypf'%ft& e,fEiS 'f %fy@dk onfh t
opfvrl sK;d wOD;ESihf tdraf xmifusjcif;jzpfonf? xkpd Ofu olw@dk .orD;OD;av;rSm &yfwckomjzpfonf? ,ckrl jrefrmEkid if . H jynfwiG ;f ppfa=umifh wpwpjzifh {&mròr@
6 v±G,jf zpfonf? jyifopfvrl sK;d rSm tvkyu f pd jP zifh jyifopfo@dk jyefomG ;cdsejf zpfonf? }u;D jzpfvmavonf? rqvacwfwiG f pD;yGm;a&;pepfrmS ;,Gi;f &mrS aiGvv J , S Ef e_ ;f
&efuek +f rKd @&Sd ppftyk pf . k ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;uxkwaf 0aeaom ‘jrufcif;opf’ rsm;yg ajymif;jyefjzpfomG ;avonf? jrefrmEkid if b H ufrS u|e;f opf/ ig;/ypk eG rf pS I ajr
r*~Zif;wGif odIa&;onfvm;/ rodIa&;onfvm;rajymwwfyg? tqdyk gAv dk rf LS ; ay:ajratmufo, H ZH mwrsm;onf jrefrmEkid if o H m;rsm;ESit hf wl xkid ;f Ekid if b H ufo@dk
pk;d pk;d . wlrawmfol rcsKd Eidk u f dk Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d .orD;tjzpf a&;om;az: jyxm;jcif;yif vdrS 0hf ifvmavonf? tqk;d qH;k rSm e0wESiehf tzacwfwiG f tqd;k qH;k jzpfavonf?
jzpfavonf? usaemfonf (Mae Sod Hill)[kw d ,f}u;D ukd pum;pyfro d jzifh Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d u
rcsKd Eidk .f tdrw f iG f usaemfaexkid pf Of wwd,ajrmufae@Y Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d uawmf vGecf ahJ om(2)ESpaf vmufupI [kw d ,f}u;D ukd pwifziG ahf =umif;ESihf =u,fav;yGihf
‘rESp’f a&mufvmonf? ol@vufxw J iG f usaemf0wfqif&eftwGuf abmif;bD/ [kw d ,ftrsK;d tpm;jzpfa=umif; &Si;f jyavonf? Ekid if jH cm;uvmaom{nfo h nfrsm;
tuôs/ zdeyf/ ajctdwrf sm;yg ygvmonf? abmif;bDajc&Snjf zpf+y;D tuôsrmS xdik ;f t onf +rKd @v,f&[ dS wdk ,frsm;xuf (Mae Sod Hill)wGif twnf;rsm;a=umif;od&
&m&Sd t&mcHrsm;0wfqifaom tay:tdwEf pS v f ;kH atmuftw d Ef pS v f ;kH ESihf abmif;bD avonf?
tay:wGif cs0wf&onf? u|eaf wmfonftwGi;f cef;oGm;I0wfqif=unfo h nf? (awmawmifa&ajr)
tuôsrmS taeawmfyifjzpfonf? abmif;bDrmS tenf;i,fyo G a,mif&adS omfvnf; wd,k w dk mum;uav;onf rJaqmufEiS ahf 0;a0;vmonf? tedrt hf jrifrh nDnm
cg;ywfukdpnf;ywfaomtcg raxmif;omay? okd@jzpfI tm;vHk;tqifajyyg aom uke;f jrifyh idk ;f ok@d a&mufvmonf? pufwifbmrk;d aESmif;&moDjzpfI ±_ar#mrf qH;k
a=umif;ajym&if; ‘rESp’f tm; aus;Zl;wifpum;ajym&onf? Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d uawmf Ekid af om tpdr;f a&mifv,fuiG ;f }u;D rsm;rSwqifh awmifajcESiu hf ek ;f jrifqh w D iG f pku d yf sK;d
‘rESp’f rSm u&iftrsK;d orD;r[kwyf g? xkid ;f vlrsK;d jzpfonf? u&ifpum;ESihf jrefrm xm;aompku d cf if;rsm;tm; twdik ;f om;vSr;f jrifae&avonf? xkid ;f vlrsK;d wk@d . rdrd
pum;ukd u|r;f usipf mG yifajymqdEk ikd af vonf? ykid af jray:wGif tk;d tdrEf iS ±hf mG ajcwnfxm;yHo k nf jrefrmhaus;vufypkH t H wkid ;f jzpf
(rJaqmufrSrme,fyavmokd h) avonf? ok@d &mwGif xdik ;f aus;vuftrd t f rsm;pkonf opfom;ajcwH&n S Ef iS hf
rcsKEd idk t
f rd wf iG af exdik pf Of q,f&ufcef@t=um nwnY Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d usaemfx h H trk;d rSm acgiu f akd qmufxm;+y;D tc|et f xufrsm;jzifh jzpfavonf? TyHpk o H nf
ok@d a&mufvmonf? ,cktcsed x f d usaemfawmcdv k monfudk ppftyk pf u k rodao; eef;qefaomfvnf; wcgw&HwiG f bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;ESichf &JG cufaeawmhonf?
I rnfonfw h pHw k &mowif;r# xkwjf yefao;jcif;r&Sad =umif; Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d uajymjy xdik ;f vlrsK;d trsm;pkonf Ak'b < momuk;d uG,o f rl sm;jzpf=uI awmrSmjzpfap/ +rKd @
onf? qufvufI Adv k rf LS ;pk;d pk;d uyif aomif&if;a&uscsed af pmifI h rme,fyavm ay:wGijf zpfap/ bk&m;ausmif;uefudk wav;wpm;yifwnfaqmuf=uonf? ±Gm
oGm;rnf&h ufudk a±G;cs,af ea=umif;/ xkrd S rme,fyavmoGm;v#if usaemfEiS hf om; wdik ;f wGif bke;f }u;D ausmif;&Sad v&m tc|et f wufuw dk efqmqifI teDEiS hf t0g
ti,fygrnfjzpf+y;D om;t}u;D jzpforl mS ol. KNUwyf&if;(12)wGif xm;rnfjzpf a&mifw@kd jc,foxm;avonf? bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;ESiw hf v JG suf acgiw f idk &f n S f
h u
kd u
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taqmuftODwckpu D v dk nf; awG@&wwfayonf? ,if;rSm vlaov#if jymcsr;D ±_@d cvJapvlqyd w f iG f pufavSo;kH av;pD;toif&h yfxm;onf? tvsix f u G rf nfph uf
aom pufacgi;f wdik jf zpfa=umif; Adv k rf LS ;pk;d pk;d uajymjyavonf? ,if;tcsuo f nf avSay:ok@d usaemfw@dk wufvu dk =f uonf? r=umrD qdyu f rf;uxGuv f mavonf?
xkid ;f vlrs;dk wd@k . "avhx;kH pHw&yfEiS hf aus;vufypkH w H &yfajymif;vJomG ;jcif;yifjzpf pkeaf &jzpfI a&pD;oefvo S nf? jrpfa=umif;ESiahf &a=umif;rSm auG@aumufaeojzifh
onf? aovGe+f y;D aemuf bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;u jrefjrefxufxuf+y;D ajrmuf pufavSarmif;olonf aES;vkdufjrefvkdufjzifh owdjzifharmif;ae&awmhonf?
atmif pDpOfay;jcif;vnf;jzpfonf? aus;vufwiG f ocõsKi;f twGuf ajrtuket f us ,if;aomif&if;.jrifuiG ;f rsm;onf aemufyidk ;f Y usaemfu h pdk n JG v‡d monf? Tok@d jzifh
vnf; oufomoGm;awmhonf? ‘oHviG . f *EW0if’uAsm Zmwfvrf;&Snf
rJaqmufEiS Zhf if;r,f(twGi;f vrf;) ukd usaemfa&;zG@J aomtcg atmufyg
oGm; um;vrf;ay:Y r&yfrem;ajy;ae twkid ;f a&;zG@J cJah vonf?
aom wkd,kdwmum;uav;onf
eHeuf 11 em&DomomwGif r,fq oHviG ef J ah omif&if;
vifum;*dwEf iS hf avSqyd o f @dk a&muf
jrpfEpS pf if;nDtudk
vmonf? r,fqvifa&mufv#if w
ckcpk m;aomufrnf[k Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d u npf=uayoukæ d ?
ajymxm;ojzifh um;&yfonfEiS hf um; wOD;utcspyf dk
ay:uqif;vkduf=uonf? usaemf wOD;utcspu f J
onf 1978 ckEpS /f 0rfcok@d a&mufpOf
r,fqvifum;*dwEf iS phf m;aomufqikd rf sm; jrpfqq kH t
dk awG@cJ
uyif ,if;r,fqvifudk a&mufcb hJ ;l
+yjD zpf.? r,fqvifavSqyd rf S r,fo awG =h u+yv D æJ ?
a0go@dk pufavSjzifKh NUAkv d cf sKyo f ef;atmifEiS hf q&m }u;D paumv,faxmwk@d ukd tpfu}dk u;D oHviG f
awG@&efomG ;&.? xkpd Ofu r,foa0grmS ,ckuo hJ @dk &efo@l vuf0,f rusa&muf oHa,mZOf}u;D rm;
ao;yg? usaemft h m; tprStqH;k vku d v f yH @dk aqmifay;olrmS Akv d rf LS ;0rf[ed .
f om;
aomif&if;nD
at;pk;d jzpfavonf?(ukad t;pk;d onf rif;rif;pk;d ESihf roDwmwk@d .tukjd zpfonf)
(vrf;c&D;tEW&m,f) ausmufaqmif=um;u
r,fqvifwiG pf m;aomufcsed rf mS rdepfav;q,fuek o f mG ;avonf? r,fq pD;qif;&mvrf;pOfrrSm;atmif
vifru S m;jyefxu G af omtcg 12 em&Dyifausmaf e+yjD zpfonf? rJaqmuf-Zif;r,f vrf;!$ev f kd o
h mG ;æ’
(twGi;f oGm;vrf;)onf c&D;oGm;rsm;enf;yg;onfeh nf;wl tEW&m,fvnf;rsm;ay (rme,fyavma&muf+yD)
onf? trsm;oligw@kd onf rJaqmufrZS if;r,fomG ;aomtcgwiG f wyf(cf)c±kid (f &) rme,fyavmonf rnfonft h &yfwiG &f o dS nfurdk odojzifh vrf;c&D;wavsmuf
rdik bf ufrS wku d ±f u dk of mG ;=uavonf? ,if;vrf;wGif vrf;c&D;Y +rKd @ ±Gmrsm; tquf &dS vSyaom±_cif;rsm;ESihf awmifwef;rsm;ukd ai;ar#m=f unf±h v _ mrdonf? xkid ;f Ekid if H
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oGm;vmae=ujcif;jzpfavonf? ,if;vrf;c&D;Y Akv d cf sKyx
f ed af rmif. wyfr[m(7) jcrf;wGirf l {&mrjrifrh m;aomausmufawmif}u;D rsm;onf rd;k xd;k aeavonf? aomif
XmecsKyEf iS hf aumhoal v;tpk;d &tkycf sKyrf t _ & bm;tHc±kid &f o dS nf? r,foa0gt &if;jrpfonf xkdif;EkdifiH.ta&S›bufrS taemufbufokd@pD;qif;vsuf xkdif;-
aemufbufurf;wGif &efoo l rd ;f xm;aom(r,foa0g)&Sad eonf? ok@d jzpfI ,if; jrefrmESpfEkdifiHukd ykdif;jcm;xm;aomfvnf; xkdr#ESifhrvHkavmufao;I ausmuf
c&D;vrf;ukd omrefc&D;onfrsm;u a&Smif=uOf=ujcif;jzpfavonf? awmif}u;D rsm;uyg 0ifa&mufumqD;ay;xm;.? obm0w&m;.tH=h ozG,&f mrsm;
t&Sed jf zifah rmif;vmaomwd, k w dk mum;uav;onf ‘r,fwef’ok@d a&mufvm onf vlolta&muftaygufenf;yg;aomt&yfukda&mufavav/ tH=o&
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