Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 32

2 Moe Thauk Kye Journal

tifwmeufaqmif;yg; t,f'w
D mtmabmf

vli,fa
h -u;rH=
k 26 pm=unhfwdkufem,mu
armifprG ;f &nf(tar&du)
‘bmomrsK;d jcm;pmpum;
oif=um;tyfonfrw S ’f wJæ
h ? *sme,fem,mursm;
a&S;wke;f u ynm&S}d u;D awG&@J t
wifr;kd (tar&du)
qH;k trpum;yg? b,favmuftjrif
us,fcJhovJ? b,favmufwefzdk;&Sd armifpif=u,f (=opa=w;vs)
ovJ? pOf;pm; =unhaf v rSeaf vav?
'Dae@acwfu urBm±h mG acwf? e,f wm0efct
H ,f'w
D m
pnf;rjcm; urBmv h ol m;acwf? wOD;eJ@ pd;k 0if;&Sed /f ae0ef;
wOD;/ wEdik if eH @J wEdik if /H quf qHu;l vl;
ae=uwJah cwf? vlwikd ;f tod? owif;ydi
k f;qdki f&mwm0efcH
usO;f ajrmif;wJph nf;±d;k r&S?d tkww f w H ikd ;f awGum&Hxm;jcif;r&S?d vl@urBmwHcg;ayguf 'd;k ,dak yguzf iG hf pd;k oD[/ ausmaf usmEf ikd /f armif&iS /f [ef0if;xGe;f
xm;wJah cwf?
090 4924 2906/ 090 5218 3015
pD;yGm;a&;/ Edik if aH &;/ ynma&;pwJh ta&;rsK;d pHk a&mifp, kH uS /f vufcsi;f qufaewJah cwfumvrd@k
wOD;b0wOD;em;vnfz@kd vdt k yfw,f? wOD;ta=umif; tqd;k taumif; tusK;d ta=umif;odz@kd vdt k yf
a=umfjimwm0efcH
w,f? owif;awGzvS,zf @kd vdk tyfw,f? 'Dvkd tcsi;f csi;f odem;vnfz@kd ol@pum;/ ud, k phf um;em;vnf
rSjzpfr,f? ola&mud, k yf gem;vnfwhJ bHb k mompum;wwfrjS zpfr,f? 0if;atmif/ wifwif0if;(090 8720 9017)
‘ygyu D av; ykww k k
ol@pum; 0k 0k 0k rsufEmS zH;k 'DZi
kd f;
ol@pum; vlrod apmode;f (rd;k aomuf=u,f)
vl@pum; olrod
oem;yg.æ’vd@k qd&k rJah cwfumvr[kwaf wmh+y?D e,fus,o f nfxufus,cf +hJ y?D twGi ;f yef;csDo±kya
f zmf
*syefa&mufjrefrmawG *syefpum;wwfrS t&m&mwGiu f s,rf ,f? bl;oD;ig;aygi;f a=umfpmvH;k awG aX;opf/ armifatmifvD
teufazmfwwfrS tusK;d &Srd ,f? rrd;k rd;k (rjroDwmausmf yD 6)
jyifopfa&muf&if jyifopfpum;/ *smrmefa&muf&if *smrmefpum;/ e,fomvef b,fv*f s, D rf jzef@csda3339
&; 6047/ 080 3255 4049
a&muf&if 'wfcspf um;ajymEdik q f Ekd ikd rf S tpptqifajyr,f?
rd;k ndK/ wifatmif/ wd;k =unfaqG(wdu
k sKd)
tJæurBmoH;k bHpk um;uawmh rkcswwfxm;zd@k vdw k ,f? 'grS oGm;a&;vma&; a&mif;a&;0,fa&;/
ynmoif=um;a&;pwJh ta&;rsm;pGm csucf sucf smcsm odem;vnfEikd rf mS ayg?h ud&k w
J if(h em*d,
k m) 080 3628 9979
'Dawmh bHb k mompum;uawmh wurBmvH;k wwfxm;&rJh bmompum;yg? tJ'guawmh ‘t*F 0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 8210 3938 5712
vdypf meJ@ t*Fvyd pf um;’yg? 'Dae@acwfrmS t*Fvyd pf meJ@pum;u urBmb h mompum;qdw k m jiif;zG,f rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 424 1434
r&S?d od@k r[kw&f if awmufwv hJ nS ;f eif;cH&ovdk 'kuaQ &mufrmS aocsmw,f?
aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582
'ga=umifh urBmEh ikd if pH akH &muf jrefrmvli,frsm; t&m&mwGiu f s,Ef ikd zf @kd rdrbd mompum;tjyif
t*Fvyd pf m t*Fvyd pf um;udk wwfajrmufu|r;f usiaf tmifoifapcsiw f ,f?
pmrlrsm; ay; yd@k vdyk gu-
ud,k af &mufwEhJ ikd if &H @J pum;ukv d J wwfajrmufatmifoifapcsiyf gw,f? tr_rhJ trSwrf rhJ aeap
csiyf g? bmompum;u|rf;usifr[ _ m tusKd;trsm;}u;D ay;ygvdrrhf ,fæ T 161-0033
SHINJUKU-KU,
wifr;kd SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7,
26=12=2006 OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301,
acwW=tar&dum; TOKYO, JAPAN
ahhara@hotmail.com
,ckvxkwrf ;kd aomuf=u,f*sme,frsufEmS zH;k jzpfwnfrr_ mS mtk@s2.dion.ne.jp
wdik ;f rfr*~Zif;. ESpf 60 jynft h m&So&l aJ umif;rsm;tjzpf moethaukkye@gmail.com
jrefrmjynfrS 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v
hf @l tcGit
hf wGuf óu;yrf;wdu k yf 0GJ ifaeaom Fax:(81)3 3364 5163
vlxak cgi;f aqmifa':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd yHyk g Home Page
o±kyaf zmfyef;csDum;yHu k kd ul;,lo;kH pJx
G m;jcif;jzpfygonf? http://www.moethaukkye.com/

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
3 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufowif;

Od;0if;wifukd RSFu owif;pmq&mqkcs;D jr‡ihf


tif;pdeaf xmifY ESp&f n S af xmif'%f
uscHae&onhf [Hom0wDowif;pm
t,f'w D mcsKyfa[mif; owif;pmq&m
}u;D OD;0if;wifukd jyifopftajcpdu k f e,f
jcm;rJhowif;axmufrsm;tzJG@(RSF)u
2006 cktwGuf owif;pmq&mqk csD;
jri‡ ofh nf?
OD;0if;wif.vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;/ t
awG;tjrifrsm;ESihf tajccH&yfwnfcsuf
rsm;onf owif;pmvGwfvyfcGifht
wGuf tm;aumif;cdik rf monhf &yfwnfr_
udk jyoaoma=umifh wESpw f mtwGuf
owif;pmq&mtjzpf *k%jf yKcs;D jri‡ jhf cif; axmif'%f 11 ESpf xyfw;kd csrw S o f nf?
jzpfonf[k RSFtifwmeufpmrsuEf mS 1995 wGif tusOf;axmifwiG ;f t
Y a=unmonf? ajcaeudk ukvor*~o@kd v#L@d 0Supf ma&;
touf 76 ESp&f +dS yjD zpfaom OD;0if; ojzihf aemufxyf 7 ESpf csrw S cf &H onf?
wifonf axmif'%f 17 ESpaf usmf uscH ,cktcg av#m&h ufrsm;jzifw h u G vf sif
ae&+y;D usef;rma&;raumif;onhw f ikd f vGw&f ufaphae+yjD zpfaomfvnf; OD;0if;
,ae@xufxd etzudk tvHrvSJ tnhH wifukd ppftyk pf u k jyefrv$waf o;acs?
rcHay? &Jabmf&b J ufrsm;u ‘q&m’[k ,refEpS f Zlvikd f 6 &ufu jyefvw $ f
ac:onhf Od;0if;wifonf tif;pdeaf xmif ay;rnfh tusO;f om;rsm;ESit hf wl OD;0if;
oD;oef@tcsKycf ef;a&mufaeaomfvnf; wifudk axmifbl;0txdxkwfvm+yD;rS
1990 jynhaf ±G;aumufyw GJ iG f rJtjywf jyefvnfaxmifoiG ;f tusOf;cscJo h nf?
towfjzifh tEdik &f onhf trsKd;om;'Drkd Od;0if;wif. owif;pmvGwv f yfciG hf
ua&pDtzJ@G csKy(f NLD)tay: jywfom; aqmif±u G cf surf sm;twGuf ukvor*~
pGmaxmufcHonfh&yfwnfcsufudk ±kyf ynma&;/ ody`HESifh,Ofaus;r_tzJG@(,l
odr;f &ef jiif;qefqjJ zpfonf[k RSFu eufpud)k u 2001 cktwGuf owif;
*k%jf yKazmfjyonf? vGwfvyfcGifhqk csD;jr‡ifhcJh+yD; xdkESpfYyif
OD;0if;wifESifhtwl owif;pmvGwf urBmo h wif;pmrsm;toif;uvnf; a±$
vyfciG t hf wGuf wdu k yf 0GJ ifaeonfh ±k&mS ; uavmifqck sD;jri‡ o fh nf?
rS Novaya Gazetaowif;pm/ uGe*f rkd S ,ckEpS af rY tar&duefEikd if /H [m0kid f
Jonrnaliste en Danger(Journalist in ,Dtajcpdkuf [dkEdkvlvlowif;pm.
Danger)owif;orm;tkyfpkESifh usL; tjrJwrf;*k%fxl;aqmiftzJG@0iftjzpf
bm;rS tif w meuf o wif ; orm; cef@tyf*% k jf yKonf?
(Guillermo Farinas Hernandezwd@k udk +y;D cJo
h nhf rwf 12 &ufwiG f touf
vnf; RSFu tjcm;qkrsm; toD;oD;cs;D 76 ESpjf ynfo h nhf OD;0if;wifonf ESv;kH /
jri‡ ahf =umif; a=unmonf? aoG;wd;k ESihf qD;csKad &m*grsm;cHpm;ae&+y;D
,if ; qk r sm;ud k urB m h E d k i f i H r sm;&S d axmifaq;±Ho k @kd vpOfxw k I f aq;uk
emrnf}u;D owif;pmq&m 30 ausmfyg or_caH e&onf?
0ifonft h zJ@G u rJqENay;I a±G;cs,jf cif; OD;0if;wifonf pmayAdrmefvuf
jzpf+yD; qkwcktwGuf tar&duefa': axmuft,f'w D m/ a[mfvefEikd if H *srf
vm 2˜900 pD ay;tyfrnfjzpfonf? bmwefowif;pm t=uaH y;t,f'w D m/
OD ; 0if ; wif u d k etzppf t k y f p k u a=u;rHo k wif;pmtr_aqmift,f'w D m/
1989 ck/ Zlvikd f 4 &ufwiG f jypfrq _ ikd &f m [Hom0wDowif;pmt,f'w D mcsKypf onhf
Oya'yk'rf 216 jzihf zrf;qD;cJ+h y;D axmif wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D trsK;d om;'D
'%f 3 ESpcf srSwo f nf? rdu
k a&pDtzJcG sKyf A[dt k vkyrf a_ qmift
vGw&f ufaphcge;D 1992/ rwfvwGif zJ@G 0ifEiS hf twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0ef,l
axmifxJY aemufxyfjypfr_&Smum xm;oljzpfonf?(acwfòyifr)S

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
4 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufaqmif;yg; tifwmeufowif;

wdik ;f rfr*~Zif;. ESpf 60 jynfh tm&So&l aJ umif;rsm;tjzpf


Advk cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw,‹kd OS wf aGJ zmfjycH&
,ckvxkwfwdkif;rfr*~Zif; ESpf 60 ,if;odk@csefvSyfxm;&jcif;rSm a':
jynfEh pS yf wfvnfwiG f tm&Swu kd rf S wdik ;f atmifqef;pk=unfESifh AdkvfcsKyfatmif
jyKjynfjyKol&aJ umif;rsm;tjzpf ‘jrefrmh qef;wd@k .trnfEiS hf "gwyf rkH sm;udk jrefrm
vGwv f yfa&;Adou k mAdv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef; pme,fZif;rsm;Y vGwv f yfpmG xnho f iG ;f
ESihf orD;jzpfoal ':atmifqef;pk=unf’/ azmfjycGirfh &aoma=umif[ h k &efuek òf r@rS
tdE, Nd rS‘r[wWr*EDE< iS ahf e±l;’/ w±kwf pme,fZif;orm;wOD;u &Si;f jyonf?
rS‘wde@f a&Smifzed @f ’/ puFmylr‘S vD uGr, f ’l / etzpmaypdppfa&;u w&m;0if
zdvpfydkifrS‘ud&k mZeftuDE’kd polwdk@ESifh !Gef=um;rxm;aomfvnf; owif;w
twlazmfjyxm;onht f a=umif;udk jynf yk'v
f ;kH ðzwfypfc&H rnfp;kd I Adv k cf sKyEf iS ahf ':
wGif;Yxkwfa0aom Weekly Eleven pkw@kd .trnfukd wrifrxnhb f J pdppf
*sme,fwiG f xyfqifah zmfjy&mY jrefrm a&;od@k wif=u&onht f cgrsm;&S+d y;D wcg
Edik if rH S ‘Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;’trnfukd w&H Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;"gwfyu kH kd pGe@f jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDacgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfrsuEf mS zH;k ESix
hf w
k af 0rnhf wdik ;f rfr*~Zif;
omazmfjy+y;D ‘a':atmifqef;pk=unf’ pm;+y;D xnhv f u kd af omfvnf; pdppfa&;u wdik ;f jyKjynfjyKo&l aJ umif;u¾wGif jrefrmEdik if w H iG f pme,fZif;orm; 7
trnfukd csefvyS x f m;onf? jzKwfcikd ;f onht f cgrsm;vnf;&So d nf? Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;udk etzu vspv f sK OD;zrf;qD;cHae&+y;D urBmay:wGif pme,f
±_xm;aomvnf; jynfov l xl u k f Zif;vGwv
k Adv f yfciG hf yÌrtqd;k ±Gm;qH;k Edik if H
csKyu
f akd &m &ufaygi;f 4˜000 ausmf zrf; jzpfonf[k e,fjcm;rJhowif;axmuf
qD;xdef;odrf;cH&qJjzpfonhf a':pkudkyg rsm;tzJG@(RSF). tifwmeufpmrsuf
‘arhrxm;=uyg’[k rSwcf suaf y;onf? ESmwGif azmfjyxm;onf?(acwfòyif)

rif;udEk ikd t
f wGucf s;D jri‡ ahf om
Sounding Voice for Justic

‘w&m;r#wr_twGut
f oH’
qkay;yJo
G @kd rd;k aomuf=u,f
pm=unhwf ukd wf m0efcwH OD;jzpf
onfh rif;rif;jyKH ;ESit
hf wl
pma&;q&m}u;D rsm;/
'Dru
kd a&pDa&;vkyaf qmifae
olrsm;yg wufa&mufco Jh nhf
yHu
k kd azmfjyay;vdu
k yf gw,f?

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
5 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufowif;rsm;

ÐtusOf;om;rsm;udk yk*v~ ud vkyif ef;&Siuf iSm;&rf;apcdik ;f awmhrnf


rEWav;axmifu tusO;f om; 500 jrefrmEdik if H e,fawGrmS zGix hf m;wJh Edik f 'gayrJh etz&JcsKyf Adv
k rf LS ;csKycf if&uD
udk rEWav;òr@ay:&Sd Grate Wallukr% ` D iHwum=uufajceDtzJ@G (ICRC)±H;k cJaG wGukd awmh tusO;f om;awGukd aumif;rGepf mG
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif}uD;wOD;jzpfwJh OD; ydwzf @kd etzppfAv kd cf sKyfawGu trde@f au|;arG;xm;wJt h a=umif; r=umcifu
wifarmif(c)vDpef;o#iyf ikd f oydwu f sO;f xkwf+yD;rS tckvdk rEWav;axmifu t jyKvkyfwJh owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGwckrSm
zufu =ucH if;awGrmS apcdik ;f zd@k axmif usO;f om; 500 udk =ucH if;awGrmS cdik ;f zd@k ajymcJyh gw,f?
tm%mydik af wGe@J tay;t,lvyk +f y;D pm twGuf axmiftm%mydik af wGe@J yk*v ~ d rnfoykd ifjzpfap Grate Wallukr% ` D
csKycf sKyv f u dk +f y[
D k od&ygw,f? upD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Siw f @kd pmcsKyfcsKyfchJ ykdif oydwfusOf;zufu =uHcif;awGrSm
tqkyd gtusOf;om;rsm;[m &Jbuf wmjzpfygw,f? apcdik ;f cH&r,hf tqdyk gtusO;f om; 500
pcef;yd@k rJh tusO;f om;awGjzpf+y;D axmif 'D t awmtwG i f ; rS m bJ rEW a v; xJrmS ,H=k unfcsuaf =umihf wku d yf 0GJ ifae
om;awG&@J vkyt f m;cudk rEWav;axmif axmifutusO;f om;awGukd trJom;r wJh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;trsm;pkyg0ifrmS
&ef y H k a iG t wG u f axmif t m%myk d i f au|;awmh o vd k uk v m;yJ u d k v nf ; jzpfygw,f?(RFA) rEWav;axmifrt
S usOf;om;rsm;
awGuakd y;&rSmjzpfw,fv@kd vnf; pmcsKyf axmifaq;±Hw k ufaewJt h usO;f om;udk
xJrmS azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
'Dupd eP @J ywfouf+y;D rEWav;tusO;f
OD;pD;Xm zke;f eHygwf 33370 udk RFAu
om au|;awmhw,fv@kd rEWav;axmif
eJ@eD;pyfwhJ owif;&yfuu G u
tckq&kd if ukvm;yJtpm; wyd\m
f qdyk gw,f? ÐawmifwiG ;f }uD;pmaya[majymyJyG wd yf if
qufoG,far;jref;cJhayrJh jyefvnfajz 600 &SdwJh aps;csKdwJhaxmywfyJudkom Ed k 0 if b mv 20 &uf a e@u us +yD;cJhonhfvuvnf; awmifwGif;
=um;jcif;r&Scd yhJ gbl;? rEWav;axmifxrJ mS au|;ygw,f? a&mufaom pmqdkawmfae@Y awmif }u;D òr@&Sd &cdik b f &k m;}u;D wGif usif;y&efpD
wGi;f }u;D òr@v,f&dS òr@awmfcef;rwGif pm pOfxm;onhf bmoma&;qdik &f m pmay
Ðetzudk vufeufEiS ehf nf;ynma&mif;ojzifh a&;q&marmifped 0f if;(ykw;D uke;f )/ 'g±u
wmarmifaersK;d / cspOf ;D ndKEiS hf tÀm0gp;kd
rd;k wd@k wufa&mufa[majymrnhyf o
kd f

GJ nf
a[majymyJw G ckuv kd nf; c±dik t
ydik rf sm;u ydwyf ifcahJ o;onf?
jrefrmEdik if w
f m%m

H iG f pmqdak wmfae@usif;
a'0l;ukr%` tD }uD;tuJ w&m;pJcG &H yJGp&ef wpfem&DtvdkwGif c±dkiftm%m
ydik rf sm;u ydwyf ifcahJ =umif;od&onf?
tqdyk ga[majymyJu G kd òr@e,fpme,f
yrnhaf e@&ufrwdik cf ifuwnf;u ouf
}u;D ±G,t f /kd pmayynm&Sirf sm;udk ylaZmf
uefawmhonhyf rGJ sm;/ pmaya[majymyJG
jrefrmEdkifiHudk vufeufxkwfvkyf puf±w kH nfaqmufa&;ypPn;f awG/ puf Zif;tzJG@ESifh avmutvif;pm=unhf rsm;/ pmayqdik &f mòyifyEGJ iS hf qkcs;D jri‡ yhf rGJ sm;
a&;eJ@ vufeufenf;ynma&mif;cscrhJ t _ ypPnf;eJ@ enf;ynmqdkif&mtcsuft wdu k u f OD;pD;+y;D usif;yjcif;jzpf+y;D / c±dik f usi;f ycJo h nfrmS ESpaf ygi;f 60 ausm=f um
wGuf a'0l;ukr% ` OD uUÏ rpPwmvDaw vufawGtygt0if ppfvufeufxw k f tm%mydkifrsm;xHodk@ cGifhjyKcsuf&,lcJh jrifch +hJ yjD zpfonfh ±d;k &m,Ofaus;r_tpOft
a,mif;tygt0if ukr`%Dxdyfwef;t vkyaf &; puf±ykH pPn;f 90µukd jrefrmEdik f +y;D jzpfonf? vmwckjzpfonf?(rZÆdr)
}u;D tuJ 14 OD;[m zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifr_ iHxoJ @kd wify@kd +y;D jzpfovdk jrefrmbufu
rygwhJ pJcG suwf ifwmudck x H m;&a=umif; ay;acswhJ aiG 90µudv k nf; vufcH &&Sd
awmifu&kd ;D ,m;tpd;k & w&m;pD&ifa&;
Xmeu 'DZifbmv 6 &ufae@rSm xkwf
azmfajym=um;vdu k yf gw,f?
xm;+y;D jzpfa=umif; yg&w
awGuv
txm;&&Sx
kd nf; rdrw
dS hJ pmcsKypf mwrf;
d @kd taeeJ@ taxmuf
d m;w,fv@kd tqdyk gtr_ukd
oEWma±$ orD;rdef;uav;arG;_yD
Oya'csK;d azmufrt _ wGuf w&m;pJq G kd +y;D cJo
udkifwG,faewJh w&m;pD&ifa&;qkdif&m h nhZf vl ikd v
f twGi;f u jynfo@l Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D XmerS 0efxrf;w
cHxm;&wJh ukr% ` aD wGxrJ mS a'0l;ukr` t&m&Sw b¾mrsm; AH;k aygvatmoH;k um t}u;D
d OD;u ajymygw,f? OD;jzpfol oEWma±$onf e0wvufxuf
%Dtygt0if/ tjcm;ukr% ` D 7 ck&+dS y;D 'D tus,fr*Fvmaqmifc+hJ y;D wud,
a'0l;ukr`%D[m 'Dvdkw&m;r0if k vf ;kH wyfwiG ;f AH;k cJv G yk =f urH a_ =umifh aoqH;k cJh
ukr% ` aD wG[m jrefrmEdik if u H kd tajrmuf pdepf u
a&mif;0,fr_rSm t"duvufonfjzpf D m Adv k rf LS ;òz;aZmf0if;ESivhf ufxyf ol Advk cf sKyw f ifO;D .om; udak Zmfqo kd El iS hf
vufeufypPn;f rsK;d pHx k wk v
f yk Ef ikd pf rG ;f &Sw d hJ cJ&h aom Adv
aea=umif;vnf; od&ygw,f?(RFA) k cf sKyrf LS ;}u;D oef;a±$orD;jzpf vlra_ &;azmufjyefrr_ sm;a=umifh zcifjzpf
ol oEWma±$onf 'DZifbmv 4 &ufae@ ol etzAdv k cf sKyfrLS ;}u;D onf a'gow
u r*Fvm'Hk trSwf 2 ppfaq;±HYk orD; }uD;jzpfum udkaZmfqdkoludk um;jzifh
rde;f uav;zGm;jrifco hJ nf? wdu k o f wf&ef pDpOf!eG =f um;cJo h nf?
aejynfawmf=uyfajy;a'owGif t rnfo@kd yifjzpfap Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;}u;D oef;
ar&duefa':vmoef;aygif;rsm;pGm t a±$taejzifo h EWma±$raS rG;aom tqdyk g
uket f uscu H si;f ycJo h nhf r*Fvmaqmif ajr;rav;udk ZeD;a': óuifóuifEiS t hf wl
yJt G +y;D 5 vcef@t=umwGif ,ckvkd orD; oGm;a&muf=unh±f I _ *k%jf yKcsD;ajrm‡ uf
OD;udak rG;zGm;cJah oma=umihf etzppfwyf rnf[v k nf; od&onf?
a'0l;ukr`%DjrefrmjynfrSxGufoGm;&ef*syefEdkifiH&Sdwkdif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm; todik ;f t0dik ;f twGi;f twif;tzsi;f ajym (jynfwiG ;f owif;ESihf rZÆdrtifwm
a'0l;±H;k a&SY› awmif;qdq
k ENjyh ae=upOf("gwfy-kH ausmfausmfEikd fMTK) p&m owif;wckjzpfaeonf? eufowif;wd@k rS ud;k um;ygonf)
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
6 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifowif
;aqmif
wmeuf ;yg;;yg;
aqmif
awmiftar&duEdkifiHi,fuav;
rsm;odk@ oGm;a&mufvnfywfaeaom
ajrmuftar&duefrav;wOD;u [Ge'f
&yfòr@pGeYf trdu
±du
_ yf }kH u;D wckrS trdu
k rf sm;udk ar$aESmuf&mS azGpm;aomuf
_ o f owif;wd‹k .apwodw(f 3)
ae=uaom uav;i,frsm;udjk rif&o (a-u;rHOk ;D aomif;)
jzifh pdwrf csrf;omaoma=umifh "gwfykH
rsm;±dkufvm+yD; rJ,mrDoHawmfqifho
wif;pmod@k yd@k vdu k o f nf? a=umifh v#Kd@0Sucf sDwuf&aom aysmuf
qmavmifrw G o f yd af eonhu f av; usm;ppfwGif xda&mufaomwyfrsm;
rsm; tr_u d yf ukH q dk +G y;D yvyfpwpftw d f jzpf=uonf? tcsK@d u ppfwyfrsm;.a&Sr› S
pkwrf sm;udzk iG u hf m tmvl;ausmt f yJrh sm;/ &yfwnfumuG,af &;twGuv f nf; oH;k
ajryJavSmt f userf sm;udk pm;aomufae =uonf? vufeuf&duQmo,f,lydk@
=uonf? uHaumif;olrsm; tom;n‡yf aqmifa&;rSpwifum ppfom;}uD;rsm;
aygifrek @f tyJrh sm;rS tom;rsm;/ 0uftl vdifudpPazsmfajz&eftxd ,kwfnpfpGm
acsmif;wydik ;f wprsm; pm;=u&&Smonf oH;k ae=uonfvnf;&So d nf?
[k jrifco hJ nf±h c_ if;udw k ifjyonf? uav;wd@k udk acsmpJzG rf;qD;um cdik ;f
vlOD;a& 7 oef;cJG&Sd+yD; pmzwfwwf apjcif;jzifh ppfpm;&dwo f ufomonf[k
ol 76 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f om&Sad om xdEk ikd if w H iG f tr_vu kd tf &m&Srd sm;u ,ae@urBmwGif
rdzrsm;uraºu;Edik o f jzifh tr_ud yf rkH sm; jzpfay:aeonfh qd;k ,kwo f nhpf epf}u;D
wG i f p G e f @ ypf x m;aom uav;i,f udk pHpk rf;od&cdS =hJ uonf?
2000 cef@&So d nf[k ukvor*~tpD&ifcH “uav;awGudk vlowfppfynm
pmuqko d nf? oifay;aeonfu ydI k qd;k .? ukvor um;vSonf[k owif;axmufwdk@ u oifay;avawmh wdu k yf rGJ mS usqH;k &wJh
,if;owif;"gwfyrkH sm;udo k jd rif&o *~pm&if;t& tm&SwiG f uav;ppfom; a&;=u.? uav;wyfom;wdk@ae&mrSm tpm;xdk;
jzifh rJ,mrD/ tar&duefòr@awmfom; pm ig;aomif;cef@&Sdonf? jrefrmetzwyf Ad k v f c sKyf a [mif ; }uD ; Thomas vd@k &Edik yf gw,fæ” [k ajyjyonf?
zwfy&dowfrsm;v_y&f mS ;oGm;onf? Edik if H rsm;wGif uav;ppfom;rsm;udk oH;k pJaG e Lubangaonf 1998 ck/ 2000 cku
zufqpfEikd if rH sm;rS ppfwyft}u;D t
a&;+ird o f ufrr_ &Sad om Edik if iH ,frsm;. =uonf? jzpfymG ;aom uGe*f pkd pfwiG f ywf0ef;usif uJw@kd u ppfom;tjzpf t±G,rf a&muf
b0twGuf &ifxrk &d mS =uonf? ArmhwyfrawmfzJG@pnf;puyif zGJ@ Edik if H 6 Edik if rH S touf 7 ESpo f m;up ao;aomuav;rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;
[Ge'f &yfwiG f opfawmrsm;&So d nf? pnf;yHZk ,m;Y ‘&J!eG w f yf’tjzpf txif i,f±, G af omuav;rsm;udk ppfwyfz@GJ jzifh olw@kd .&eforl sm;udk vG,u f pl mG t
o,HZmwvnf;&So d nf? od@k aomfvnf; t&Sm;zJ@G cJoh nf? vlrsK;d pkoyl ek rf sm;vnf; um wdkufcdkufcJhonhftr_rsm;twGuf Edik &f aponfukd awG@jrif=u&ojzifh wOD;
Edik if .H pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeudk qef;ppf uav;ppfom;rsm;zJ@G pnf;cJ=h uonf? u ukvor*~u ta&;,lppfaq;jcif;jzpf ESiw hf OD;/ wwyfEiS w hf wyf/ wjynfEiS w hf
aomtcg wESpfwmtzdk@ EdkifiHjcm;odk@ &iftrsKd;om;wyfrsm;wGif touf 12 onf? jynf òyifqikd t f oH;k jyKaecJ=h u onf?
a&mif;ukew f efz;kd rSm tar&duefa':vm ESpfom&Sdao;aom ‘a*smfeDESifh vlom ppfwdkuf&efapv$wfonfudk jiif; uav;ppfwyfo;kH pJjG cif;onf urBm
175 ukaËom&S+d y;D Edik if jH cm;rS 0,f,pl m; xl;’wd@k nDaemifO;D pD;onhf ‘bk&m;ocif qefv#if owfjzwfrnf[k acsmufveS @f cJh }u;D .vl@tcGit hf a&;ESiq hf ef@usifojzifh
oH;k &onhyf pPn;f wefz;kd rSm a':vm 146 wyf’onf ausm=f um;cJo h nf? xdak emuf onf? uav;rsm;udk xrif;csuf/ [if; urBmah jrjyifryS aysmuf&ef tm;xkw=f u
ukaË&So d jzifh uav;wd@k tm; 0vifpmG ydik ;f wGif vlrsKd;pkwyfrsm;u uav;ppf csufwm0efrpS +y;D ppfom;}u;D rsm; vdif &rnfjzpfonf? od@k ygv#uf uav;ppf
au|;arG;r_rjyKEikd [ f k od=u&onf? om;oH;k pJrG u _ kd a&Smifaomfvnf;/ etz azsmfajza&;txdo;kH pJcG o hJ nf[k pJcG suf wyftoHk;jyKaom &mZ0wfr_w&m;cH
“at;av- wdk@EdkifiHrSmcsrf;om wyfrsm;u uav;ppfom;rsm;udk quf wGif wifjyxm;onf? }u;D rsm;onf rdrw d @kd Edik if .H ppfwyfacgi;f
w,fqakd yrihf ppfpm;&dwaf xmif;aevd@k vuftoH;k jyKqJ&o dS nf[o k &d onf? Ad k v f c sKyf a [mif ; }uD ; Thomas aqmifrsm;jzpfonf/ tm%m&Si}f u;D rsm;
'DvdkyJ iwfaewJhuav;awG&dSaew,f? yxrqH;k aomuav;ppfwyfz@GJ pnf; Lubanga.a&Sa › ersm;u ‚onf uGef jzpf=uonf[k &mxl;udk tumtuG,f
t=urf;zuform;rsm;/ vlowf0g'vrf; r_ukd Ed0k ifbm 10 &ufae@u ‘[d*’~ òr@ *kad 'o+ird ;f csr;f om,ma&;udt k m;xkwf jyKae=uonfukd ukvor*~ppfw&m;±H;k
pOfrsm;&Sad eoa±G@ iwf=urSmygyaJ væ” wGif pwifppfaq;onf? uGe*f jkd ynfrS aom +idrf;csrf;a&;0g'D}uD;jzpfa=umif; u ta&;,lco hJ nf?
[k t,f'w D mxHpma&;=uonf? &mxl;jyKwfaeaom ppfAv kd cf sKyfa[mif; umuG,cf ck cH =hJ uonf? w&m;vdzk ufrS ,cktr_onf yxrqH;k tr_jzpfaomf
jrefrmjynfwGifvnf; iwfrGwfae }u;D Thomas Lubangatm; urBmh vnf; tqdkygtr_twGuf oufao vnf; urBmt&yf&yfwGif uav;ppf
onhu f av;OD;a&wd;k aeonf? rEWav; ordik ;f . yxrqH;k aom uav;ppfom; rsufjriftrsm;tjym;&Sdonf[k xkwf om;aygif; oH;k ode;f cef@&So d nf? rodem;
òr@awmf. vrf;rrsm;ay: Yyif trdu _ f wyfz@GJ ol wpfw&m;cHtjzpf ppfaq; azmfonf? rvnfycJ aH e&aomuav;rsm;udk um
aumufI &SmazGpm;aomuf&onhf jref onf? ppfajrjyifwiG f uav;rsm;udt k oH;k uG,&f ef ta&;}u;D ygonf[k ukvo
rmuav;rsm;udkjrif&onf[k tar&d w&m;ol}u;D oH;k OD;yg0ifaomcH±k ;kH jzpfppf jyKjcif;jzifh t±G,af &muf+y;D ppfom;}u;D r*~t&m&Srd sm;u xkwaf zmfajymae=u+yD
uefowif; pmwapmifua&;onf? aq;&m w&m;cHtjzpf pGypf cGJ &H oltm; rsm;xuf oufvakH umif;I tarmcHEikd f jzpfav+yæ D ?
uav;rsm;tm;tiwf x m;onf 0wfvikH mS ;um ckcu H muG,cf iG jhf yKojzifh onf? csDwuf&mwGiv f sifjrefonf?
xuf ppfwyfwGifoGif;I vlowfenf; w&m;vdk/ w&m;cHa&S›aersm;jzifh pnf uav;wd k @ onf ao;auG ; aom
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
7 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufowif;rsm;

EdkifiHjcm;oljynhfwefqmrsm;udk rav;&Sm;tpkd;&u jyif;xefpGmta&;,lrnf


jrefrmEdik if t H ygt0if jynfyutrsK;d '%fay;r,fqw kd mudak wmh &Si;f &Si;f vif;
orD;awG rav;&Sm;EdkifiHxJ0ifvm+yD; vif;rajymao;ygbl;?
jynfw h efqmvkyif ef;awGrmS 0ifa&muf 2004 ckEpS u f ae 2006 ckEpS /f Zlvikd f
vkyu f ikd af ewma=umifh Oya't& jyif; vtxd jynfw h efqmr_e@J Edik if jH cm;trsK;d
xefpGmta&;,lzdk@ rav;&Sm;tpdk;&u orD; 15˜000 zrf;qD;cJyh gw,f?
pOf;pm;aeygw,f? 'DxrJ mS w±kwEf ikd if u
H 6˜000/ tif'kd
EdkifiH&yfjcm;utrsKd;orD;awG[m eD;&Sm;u 4˜600 eD;yg;/ xdik ;f u 2˜600
urBmvSncfh &D;onfawGtjzpfe@J rav; ausm/f zdvpfyikd u f 1˜300 ausmyf g0ifyg
&Sm;EdkifiHxJ0ifvm+yD; jynfhwefqmvkyf w,f? jrefrm/ AD,uferf/ uarBm'D,m;/
=uwmjzpfw,fvdk@ jynfwGif;vHkjcHKa&; OZufupPwef/ ±k&mS ;/ vmtd/k tdE, Nd u
'kw, d 0ef}u;D u ajymygw,f? trsK;d orD;awG[mvnf; rav;&Sm;Edik if H
'Djy\emajz&Si;f zd@k tzJ@G tpnf;t xJ0ifvm+y;D jynfw h efqmvkyif ef;rSm 0if rav;&Sm;e,fpyf&dS qGe*f ikd ;f cdv
k yk cf òf r@rS bm;wckwiG f
oD;oD;eJ@ tpd;k &0ef}u;D XmeawG yl;aygi;f vkyfudkif=uaeygw,f[kvnf; rav; {nho
f nfar#mfae=uaom Edik if jH cm;oljynhw f efqmr,frsm;
aqmif±u G zf @kd vdyk gw,fv@kd vnf; ‚u &Sm;tpd;k &u ajym=um;cJyh gw,f?
ygvDrefrmS ajymygw,f?
Oya't& jyif;xefpmG ta&;,lr,f
vd@k ajymayr,hf b,fvjkd yif;xefwhJ jypf
rlpvifbmomv$r;f rd;k wJh rav;&Sm;
Edik if rH mS jynfw
r0ifygb;l ?(RFA)
h efqmvkyif ef;[m w&m; ÐjrefrmaiGukd jrefrmaiGjzifh ta&mif;t0,f
ÐetznDvmcHurkd ,H-k unfa-umif; vkyaf ejcif; etzxkwfa0aewJh

rGejf ynfopfygwDu vlxuk &kd iS ;f jy aiGpuULopfawGudk &ef


ukeòf r@/ A[kb
uULa[mif; vJv,
d %f aiGp
S af &;
Xmea&Sr› mS arSmifcakd &mif;
0,fae=uygw,f? 0,fae&wJo h w
l OD;u ajymygw,f?
aiGpuULopfawGudk arSmifcdka&mif; aiGpuULa[mif;vJv, S af &;XmexJrmS
0,fwJhae&mrSm wpfodef;wefzdk;&SdwJh ‘taºurvJyg’qdw k hJ qdik ;f yk'}f u;D csw
d q
f GJ
wpfaxmifweftopfwpftkyfudk ESpf xm;ayr,hf aiGpuUL ta[mif;eJ@topf
axmiftydkay;+yD; 0,fae&ovdk 5 vJv, S af y;aewJq
h ikd af ygi;f 10 qdik f 15
trsKd;om;nDvmcHwGifa&;qJGaeqJ jrefrmetztaeeJ@ ,ckypkH t H wdik ;f aomif;zdk;&SdwJh ig;&mweftopfwtkyf qdik af vmuf wef;pD+y;D &Sad eygw,f?
zJ@G pnf;yHOk ya't& ,ckwnf&adS eaom qufvufvkyfudkifaernfqdkygu rdrd udk tydka=u;wpfaxmifausmf/ ESpf uxdef&moDawGrSmqdk&if aps;}uD;
vufeufudkiftzJG@rsm;tay:wGif csKyf wd@k tzJ@G tpnf;omru wjcm;wdik ;f &if; aomif;zd;k &Sw
d hJ ESp&f mweftopfwpftyk f ay;&wJhta=umif;/ 200 wefaiGpuUL
udik vf mEdik o f nht f aetxm;rsK;d udk awG@ om;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;uvnf; vufcEH ikd f udk oH;k axmifpojzifh tydak y;+y;D ajAmif rsm;[m &Sm;vnf;&Sm;/ aps;trsm;qH;k ay;
&Sad e&+y;D / wyfzsuo f rd ;f a&;udprP sm; jzpf rnfh taetxm;&Srd nfr[kwaf =umif; usus ta&mif;t0,fvyk af ew,fv@kd &a=umif;vnf; od&ygw,f?(RFA)
ay:vmEdkifonhfta=umif;rsm;a=umifh [kvnf; ‚uqdo k nf?
etzjyKvyk af eaom trsK;d om;nDvmcH vlxEk iS ahf wG@qH&k iS ;f vif;yJrG sm;udk a&; 2007 ckEpS f
onf ,H=k unfpw d cf sEdik o
f nht
f ae t òr@e,f/ a&jzLòr@e,ftygt0if ‚wd@k a'gif;td;k a0jyuQ'ed x
f u
G _f yD
xm;r&SdonhftwGuf rdrdwdk@rwuf xde;f csKyf&m e,fajrtwGi;f oH;k ywfcef@ *syefEdkifiHa&muf 'Drdkua&pDtif
a&mufjcif;jzpfa=umif;/ typftcwf&yfpJ vSnv fh nfjyKvyk cf +hJ y;D ,ckv 5 &ufae@ tm;pkrsm;pkaygi;f I 2007 ckEpS /f a'gif;
xm;onhf rGejf ynfopfygwD taxGaxG wGif bk&m;oHk;qlY aemufqHk;&Sif;vif; td;k a0jyuQ'ed u f kd ,ckvwGif ‘tcrJ’h
twGif;a&;rSL;Edkif[Homu e,fajrcH yJu
G kd jyKvkycf o hJ nf[k od&onf? pwifjzef@csdae+yjD zpfonf?
jynfov l x l u k kd &Si;f vif;ajym=um;onf? rGejf ynfopfygwDonf 1995 ckEpS f tqdyk gjyuQ'ed u f kd jrefrmpwd;k qkid f
“Edik if aH &;yHpk t H & wpHw k &mem;vnf wGif etzESit hf ypftcwf&yfpv J u dk +f y;D rsm;ESihf rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h u
kd f
r_awG wckrw S ;kd wufvmjcif;r&Sad o;bJ trsK;d om;nDvmcHo@kd ud, k pf m;vS,t f wGif rnforl qdk ,laqmifEikd +f y;D yef;csD
eJ@ vufeufzsufodrf;a&;vkyfzdk@awmh jzpfrwufa&mufbJ avhvmoltjzpf q&maX;opf . a':atmif q ef ; pk
vufawG@rSmrvG,b f ;l xifw,fæ”[k wufa&mufc&hJ m ,ckt}urd Ef iS q hf v kd #if =unfyjkH zifh jzef@csx
d wk af 0jcif;jzpfonf?
ajymonf? ESp}f urd &f +dS yjD zpfonf?({&m0wDr)S
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
8 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
twˆ
wKmeuf
tif y`wadW aqmif
qmif;yg;
;yg;

“tarvlxak ':trmarG;ae‹od‹k ³³³” 'gawGukd 0wˆKawG/ aqmif;yg;awGxJ


rSm usaemfw@kd i,fi,fu zwfz;l / =um;
zl;wmaygh? tJovkdvlawG=um;uae
‘}u;D yGm;a&;armifv’S qdw k hJ rxifr&Sm;
vl i ,f w a,muf u d k r S a':a':bm
a=umifah ±G;cJyh govJæ´?
rtrmudk oleJ@ausmif;aezuf‘udk
ode;f az(aemifO;D ode;f azjrif)h &J@ ‘wuf
acwfewfq;kd ’pmtkyu f yJ rsupf zd iG ahf y;cJh
ovm;qdkwm pOf;pm;p&myg? =uHKwkef;
vlxkOD;vSeJ@ vlxka':trmudk us a&;&&if *sme,fausmfrrav;u *sm
aemfw@kd wawGu OD;av;/a':a':vd@k yJac: e,fausmOf ;D cspaf rmifukd a±G;cs,cf yhJ [ kH m
ygw,f? wlom;t&if;vdk &if;ES;D aeayrJh vJ tH=h op&mygyJ?
olwdk@ESpfOD; wdkif;jynftwGuf bmawG aemufwcsufuawmh ‘vlxkOD;vS
vkycf w hJ ,fqw kd mawGuakd wmh olw@kd u ESpf 90’pmtkyfrSm wpGef;wpawG@vm
wpGe;f wprS xkwaf zmfrajymcJyh gbl;? &wmygyJ? 'guvJwyk'x f yJ g? pma&;q
usaemfw@kd uvJ ar;&aumif;rSe;f r &marmifxif(OD;xifzwf)u a&;vd@k od&
odygb;l ? 'ga=umifh usaemfw@kd rodwo hJ l wmyg? usaemfpw d 0f ifpm;wm OD;av;
wd@k ta=umif;awG trsm;}u;D &Syd gw,f? [m wuUov kd u f ‘odyaH` rmif0/ aZmf*sD/
usaemfw@kd vl}u;D jzpfvmawmh olw@kd
ta=umif;awG/ olwdk@*k%faus;Zl;awG
udk awG;rd/ a&;rdwmawG tawmfrsm;
usaemfrodwhJ OD;av;eJ@a':a': rif;ok0%f/ OD;oef@/ armifxif/ OD;wifh
aqG/ OD;rsKd;rif;’pwJh acwfprf;orm;
awG/ ‘ol&u d EW/d a'gufwmarmifjzL;’wd@k
vmw,f? olw@kd twdwu f kd &dyrf ±d &kH adS yrJh (armifpGrf;&nf) vdk acwfprf;ynm&Siaf wG/ ‘OD;qef;xGe;f
wl;azmfvdk@r&wm awmfawmfrsm;ygu (&Si^f m%d\&)/ a±$uikd ;f om;(OD;aom
vm;vdk@ wl;azmf&if; tH=o&ygw,f? bdw)’vdk &[ef;abmifu okawoD
OD;av;uG,fvGefawmh ‘vlxkcspf udk &Sm=unhv f @kd &r,fxifygw,f? q&m}u;D jrrsK;d vGiu f yJajymzl;w,f? rsKd;awGukd ol@r*~Zif;rSm pkjyKH a&mufvm
or#vlxOk ;D vS’qdw k hJ pmtkyx f w k zf @kd pm owdjyKp&mwcku tJ'aD cwfrmS r*~ olw@kd bmtvkyt f udik rf sm;vkyo
f vJæ´ atmif b,fvpkd nf;±H;k ovJqw kd myJ?
rlawGawmif;vdu k wf t hJ cg awmify&kH myHk Zif ; t,f ' D w m/ pma&;q&mqd k w m vd@k ar;wJt h cg ‘pma&;q&m’vd@k rajym 'gwifrubl; ‘udEk /k udak tmifqef;/
a&mufvmw,f? qufy;D ‘vlxOk ;D vS b,favmufyeJ mrnf}u;D aeygap/ trsK;d bJ vltxif}uD;atmif t*Fvdyfvdk udak tmifausmf/ ocifoef;xGe;f / ocif
ESpf 90’pmtkyfxkwfr,fqdkawmhvJ t orD;wa,mufu tdraf xmifzufa±G; ‘t,f'pfwm’vdk@ajymowJh? Zif/ ociftek ;f jrif’h pwJh ocifEikd if aH &;o
rsm;}u;D ay;vm=uygw,f? 'gawmif r zd@k a&m/ orD;&Siw f a,muf&@J rdbawGu ‘pma&;q&m’qdkwm tJ'Dacwfu rm;awG/ e*g;eDawGuv kd J OD;av;0ef;usif
ay;omvd@k ray;&wm&So d vdk ay;+y;D rS orufa±G;zd@k a&m tvGecf ufygvrd rhf ,f? ZwfobifawGtwGu/f pma&;ay;&wJh rSm tjr&J adS ecJo h vdyk J zwf&ygw,f? tJ
roH;k omvd@k roH;k &wmawG trsm;}u;D &Sd b,favmufyJawmfawmf/ b,f vlawGuakd c:wmud;k ? ckacwfrmS vdk 0wˆK/ ovdyk *k Kd~ vrf sK;d awG[mvJ OD;av;&J@i,f
ygao;w,f? avmufyaJ usmfausmf/ tJ'aD cwfu pm uAsma&;=uwJhvlrsKd;udk pma&;q&m oli,fcsif;/ &Jabmf&b J ufqw kd mrsKd;t
yHrk ESyd jf zpfwmawGuv kd J usaemfw@kd a&;q&m/ t,f'DwmqdkwmawG[m ac:avhoyd rf &S=d uao;bl;wJ?h jzpf odvm&jyefawmh tH=o&jyefygw,f?
zwf±a_ vhvmcGi&hf Edik af yrJh rzwfomvd@k om;au|;r_/ r,m;au|;r_awG wm0ef,l tJ'aD cwfu tvGe&f mS ;yg;wJh aum ‘vlxOk ;D vS ESpf 90’pmtkyx f u J q
rzwfc&hJ wmudv k J ckraS emifw&aerdyg Edik of al wGr[kw=f uygbl;? vdyaf usmif;olwOD;jzpfol ‘rtrm’vdk &mxif&@J aqmif;yg;rSm OD;av;[m tpd;k
w,f? ar;cGi&hf v dS suf rar;vdu k &f wm OD;av;(OD;vS)vdk/ *sme,fausmfOD; rde;f uav;[m ol@ab;rSm tdik pf t D ufpf &txufwef;ausmif;uwJh? ‘armif
awGuv dk J aemifw&vsufyg? cspfarmifvkd t,f'w D mpma&;q&mrsKd; tavmif;tvsmawG trsm;}u;D &Srd mS yg? xif’u òr@rausmif;uwJ?h ausmif;csi;f
yxrar;csifwu hJ pd u
P ‘uav;u uvJ&G if trsm;pku t&uf/ bde;f / aq; tJovdk ausmif;om;awGxrJ mS qefpuf b,fawmhrS roifjh rwf=ubl;? 'D=um;xJ
vm;’vd@k ajymcsifvJ ajymvd@k &ygw,f? ajcmuf/ jrif;/ zJvakd vmif;upm;eJ@ rde;f r ydkif/ qDpufydkifom;orD;qdkwJh yyv$m; u ‘udv k ’S a&mufvm+y;D / uavmifrw d f
OD;av;eJ@a':a': tdrfaxmifruscifu vdkufpm;=uwm tawmfrsm;ygw,f? v$m;/ ºum;ºum;0g0gawGvJ trsm;}u;D &Sd aqGtoif;zJ@G / pum;ajymyJaG wGvyk &f m
tjyeftvSeaf &;=uwJph mawGukd orD;vdk olw@kd ud, k w
f ikd af &;wJh txkyw ` adW wGrmS rSmyg? yd;k vHck snf/ ajymifvufaewJah y; uwqifh olw@kd udpk nf;±H;k +y;D vli,frsm;
&if;ESD;wJh pma&;q&mrav;wOD;qDrSm 0efcx H m;=uygw,f? ‘yDr;kd ESi;f / jrrsK;d vGi/f wif±h ;_ / bDataygif;/ t,fvyf ufum; ‘}u;D yGm;a&;toif;’udzk @GJ vdu k cf w hJ mudk
a':a':ay;xm;+y;D cktcg ‘±GuEf ak 0r*~ ^m%/ Z0e’pwJh tausmftarmf}uD; wdu k yf /kH a±$uikd ;f rsurf eS /f ywfum;azmif awmh wpGe;f wpod&ygw,f?
Zif;’rSm xnhaf eygw,f? rxJrh u D vJ us awG[m (q&m}u;D jrrsK;d vGi&f @J pum;eJ@ wdepf wJh taqmifta,mifawGtjynhf acwfprf;pmqdak wGuawmh b,frmS
aemfwdk@ zwf±_avhvmcGifh&EdkifayrJh r ajym&&if) tvGe@f tvGeu f kd ‘taet eJ@ 0wfqifxm;ayrJh olw@kd vnfyif;rSm rSra&;wJh ‘pmayopf’awGukd OD;av;&J@
zwfjzpfcyhJ gbl;? tJ't D xJrmS OD;av;eJ@ xdik rf ,Ofaus;’=uwJh yk*Kd~ vfawGjzpfyg awmh =uyfem=uyfzkvdk@ac:wJh ‘AsLbdk@ }uD;yGm;a&;r*~Zif;rSma&;cJh=uygw,f?
a':a':wdk@ wa,mufudkwa,muf w,f? 'gawGukd vltrsm;uodaeawmh umvom;a&m*g’ tusdwt f zkawGukd ‘ody`Harmif0’qdk&if uavmifemrnf
b,fvrkd sm; tdraf xmifzuftjzpf a±G; pma&;q&mqdkwmudk tdrfaxmifzuf zH;k zdumuG,zf @kd rmzvmawGpnf;xm; 12 rsK;d avmufo;kH +y;d pmrsK;d pHak &;cJw h mudk
cs,f=uygvdræ hf ´vd@k qdw k hJ tcsufawG a±G;zd@k rvG,yf gbl;? =u&wmvJ trsm;}u;D yg? 'DbufacwfusrS od&awmhw,f? armif
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
9 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
twˆKy`wadW qmif;yg; rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd v
f y+ &f mS ;r+owif;rsm;
xifq&kd if }u;D yGm;a&;rSm acwfprf;uAsm
awGa&;cJhwmudk ol(armifxif)uG,f
vGecf geD;rS pmtkyx f w k jf zpfcyhJ gw,f?
vlxak ':trmarG;ae‹/ q&mwifr;kd arG;ae‹EiS hf
aemufwcsufuawmh OD;av;[m
zufqpfawmfvSefa&;rSm txufArm rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfwh ukd f 2 ESpjf ynhtf xdr;f trSwfowif;rsm;
Edik if &H @J A[dt k csut f csmtjzpf vkyu f ikd f
cJ±h rkH u/ &efuek òf r@awmf zufqpfvuf
atmufu rvGwaf jrmufao;bJ tOD;
qH;k ajray:zqyvtzJ@G csKyu f kd rEWav;
rSm wnfaxmifvy_ &f mS ;cJw h mygyJ?
&efuek u f zufqpfawmfveS af &;orm;
awGvJqufoG,fvm=uw,f? ‘av
xD;OD;ausm&f if’vdk tdE, Nd uvmwJh Edik if H
a&;orm;awGvJ OD;av;qDrmS pkvm=u
w,f? yckuLU u ‘udo k ef;wif’eJ@ ‘udjk r
oef;(wif)h / a&póuud! k eG @f atmif’pwJh
vuf0o J rm;awGvJ pka0;vm=uw,f?
zqyv&J@ tcsut f csmjzpfvmcJw h ,f?
txufArmEdik if H zufqpfawmfveS f
a&;acgi;f aqmif Adv k rf LS ;Axl;eJ@vJ quf
rdw,f? 'gawGukd b,forl rS od=uawmh tarvlxak ':trm. 91 ESpjf ynfah rG;ae@twGuf aumif;r_uo
k v
dk jf yKae=upOf
vdk@wJh? OD;!Gef@atmif(a&póu)u OD;
av; ESpf 90 pmtkyef @J rd@k *sme,frmS a&; jrefrmjynf. ‘csK;d jzLrdcif/ a'gi;f rdcif’jzpfonfh tarvlxak ':trm. 91 ESpjf ynfh arG;ae@txdr;f trSwu f kd rS ;kd aomuf=u,fpm
w,f ? 'ga=umih f usaemf w d k @ [m =unhw f u kd rf OS ;D pD;I Ed0k ifbm 29 &ufae@u td;k pkujrefrmbke;f }u;D ausmif;wGif tm±Hq k rG ;f / ae@qGr;f tygt0if vSLzG,0f wˆKtpkpk
OD;av;[m zufqpfawmfveS af &;acgif; wd@k jzifh aumif;r_uo k v kd jf yKvyk cf =hJ uygonf? tqdyk g arG;ae@txdr;f trSwt f crf;tem;od@k rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f ukd t
f zJ@G om;
aqmif Adv k af tmifqef;/ Adv k Af xl;/ ocif rsm;/ *syefEikd if &H dS pmaytzJ@G tpnf;rSy*k Kd~ vrf sm;/ tarvlxak ':trmudk cspcf if=unfnKd =uonho f rl sm; pkpH n
kH nD w D ufa&muf=u+y;D
Ek/ ocifoef;xGe;f wd@k ,H=k unftm;xm; vlxw k ukd x f u G f q&mwifr;kd ESihf q&marmifprG ;f &nfw@kd ay;yd@k aom arG;ae@txdr;f trSwu f Asmrsm;±Gwq f ckd =hJ u+y;D jrefrmjynf
&m Edik if aH &;acgif;aqmifwOD;tjzpf &dyf 'Dru kd a&pD&&So d nft h xd tarrmouf&n S uf sef;rmapzd@k vnf; qkreG af umif;rsm;awmif;=ua=umif;vnf; od&&dS ygonf?
pm;rdvmcJ&h ygw,f?
tJovdk ikwaf ewJt h cef;awGukd us
aemfw@kd aemufval wG tus,t f jyef@od
apcsifw,f? odoifw h ,f/ avhvmazmf
xkw=f u&r,f? tm;usenf;,l=u&r,f
vdk@ usaemfcH,lem;vnfxm;ygw,f?
usaemfhwoufrSm usaemfeJ@&if;EDS;
wJhtxJu uG,fvGefukef=uolawGxJ
rSm OD;av;‘OD;vS’udk ESarsmrqH;k ygy?J t
jrw J rf; ESarsmwo owd&vsufyg?
usef&pfwJha':a':udkawmh OD;av;
ud, k pf m;tjzpfe@J a&m/ ‘b}u;D rdi_ ;f orD;’
tjzpfeJ@a&m(csKd;jzLrdcif/ a'gif;rdcif)
tjzpfe@J yg =unfnKd av;pm;aewm jzpf
ygw,f? usaemfw@kd rSm 'Dvykd *k Kd~ vrf sK;d awG Ed0k ifbm 19 &ufae@Yvnf; uAsmq&m}u;D wifr;kd . 73 ESpjf ynhaf jrmufarG;ae@txdr;f trSwEf iS hf *syefEikd if &H dS jrefrmvlrsKd;
udk qnf;uyfciG &hf wm txl;uHaumif; rsm; pmzwf&eftwGuf wnfaxmifziG v hf pS xf m;aom rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f ukd f 2 ESpjf ynht f xdr;f trSwtf crf;tem;udk
w,fv@kd rSwpf v GJ sufygyJ? Edik if t H wGuf rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h ukd wf iG f tqdyk gae@(Ed0k ifbm 19 &uf) ae@v,f 11;00 em&DrS 3;00 em&Dtxd usi;f yjyKvyk cf yhJ gonf?
vJ uHaumif;avpGv@kd cH,yl gw,f? txdr;f trSwt f crf;tem;od@k pmayrdwaf qGrsm;/ vkyaf zmfuikd zf ufrsm;/ *syeftef*sDtt kd zJ@G tpnf;rsm;/ *syefvw
G af wmfpm
ylaZmfxu kd o f l ylaZmfr/_ =unhw f u
kd rf S wm0ef&o
dS rl sm;tygt0if/ wdu k sKd 23 òr@e,frS pm=unhw f u
kd w
f m0efcu
H , kd pf m;vS,rf sm; pHn
k pD mG wufa&mufc=hJ u+y;D
rSw, f rl *Fvm? wufa&mufvm=uaom {nhyf &dowfrsm;udk =umqH[if;cg;jzifh {nfch aH u|;arG;cJyh gonf?
rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f ukd u f kd 2000 ckEpS w f iG /f azazmf0g&DvwGif ‘tm[m&’trnfjzifh pwifwnfaxmifc+hJ y;D / 2004
armifprG ;f &nf ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmvwGif q&mwifr;kd . vrf;!Get f =uaH y;csuft& ‘rd;k aomuf=u,f’od@k ajymif;vJcjhJ cif;jzpfonf?
2006/ Ed0k ifbm 12 owif;"gwfy-kH [ef0if;xGe;f / armif&iS -f bm;rm;rD', D m
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
10 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tawG
tifw;meuf
tjrifaaqmif
qmif;;yg;
yg;

tpJc
G |wfjcif;
tpGcJ |wjf cif;qkw d m vlwa,muf&@J
pdwx f rJ mS ,k=H unfaewJt h ,ltq(ok@d )
pdwx f rJ mS pGaJ ewJt h a=umif;wckudk jyKwf
oGm;atmifvyk +f y;D aemuftopfwcke@J
tpm;xkd;ay;vkdufwmygyJ?
tJvt dk pGcJ |wfwmukd 2 rsKd;cGjJ cm;Ekid f
ygw,f? aumif;aompdwfxm;eJ@vkyf (a'gufwmoef;0if;)
wmeJ@ raumif;aompdwfxm;eJ@vkyf
wmwkd@jzpfygw,f? tJ'rD mS yJ y&dwo f wf[m ol@&J@a[m
aumif;aompdwx f m;eJ@vkyw f ,fv@dk ajymcsufaemufudk aumufaumufyg
qk&d mrSm tJ'pD aJG ewJt h pG[ J m rSm;aewJh atmifvu dk foGm;=uawmhwmygyJ? rSm;
tpGjJ zpfw,f? tJ'gurdk eS u f efatmifvyk f onfjzpfap/ rSeo f nfjzpfap t&ifupGcJ hJ
ay;csipf w d ef @J vkyaf qmifay;wmrsK;d / ap wJt h ,ludk ajymif;vJapwJeh nf;wckyg?
wemarwWmxm;+y;D vkyw f mrsK;d ukd qkv d dk 'gawG[m bmoma&;eJ@ywfouf+y;D t
ygw,f? pGJc|wfcJhwJhenf;vrf;yg?
yrmtm;jzifah jym&r,fq&dk if jrwfpmG EkdifiHa&;eJ@ywfowf+yD; tpGJc|wfwJh
bk&m;[m t*kv F rd mv/ tmVm0u/ t enf;awGvnf; acwfopfrSmay:ayguf
b,rif;om;ponfjzifh twW0g'/ a'g vmcJhygw,f? tkdifAifyDx±kdApfcsfyufA
o/ arm[/ rmewk@d rSmepfae=uwJh ykxk avmhAcf sf[m &S&mS ;odyyH` nm±Siw f OD;yg?
pOfawG&@J tpGaJ wGudk oufaoom"u/ ol[m 1904 ckEpS rf mS aq;ynmeJ@ ywf
,kw, Wd w k mW OyrmOyar,awGe@J oifh ouf+y;D Ekv d Af ,fq&k cJo h yl g?
awmfovkd a[majym&Sif;vif;jyo+yD; ZD0urRaA'eJ@ywfouf+y;D Ekv d Af ,f
em;0ifoabmayguaf pygw,f? 'g[m qk&cJw h yhJ g? ol[m conditioned reflexs awG/ vlawG&@J OD;aESmufvyk if ef;qkid &f m jzpf owfrw S v
f u dk f&ygw,f?
olawmfaumif;wk@d &J@ apwem}u;D rm;r_ and spychiacryqk+d y;D pmtkyw f tkyaf &; ysupf ;D r_awGa=umifh jzpfvm&wJh &vm'f wd&pd m> efawG&@J tjyKtrlawGuadk jymif;
eJ@ w&m;r#wpGm avmuDe, d mr/ avm cJyh gw,f? Armvkad jym&&if ta=umif; awGuEdk idk ;f ,SO+f y;D avhvmcJyh gw,f? vJapcJhwJh yufAavmh&J@prf;oyfcsuf
ukwmW &med,mrawGo;Hk +y;D &Si;f vif;jyo qufw@Hk jyefrr_ sm;eJ@ pdwaf &m*gynmvk@d 'gayr,fhtaemufuynm±SifawG awG orkid ;f wavsmufrmS t,l0g'r_id ;f
um tpGcJ |wfjcif;&J@jy,kwjf zpfygw,f? qkyd gw,f? tJ'x D rJ mS ol&@J prf;oyfcsuf u vufrcHcyhJ gb;l ? olw@dk &J@,Ofaus;r_/ wku d jf cif;eJ@ tpGcJ |wfjcif;awGudk jzpfap
tJ'v D t dk pJcG |wfwt hJ cg tpJcG |wfcH& &vm'fawGukd a&;om;xm;ygw,f? "avhx;Hk pHawGu vlawGrmS ±kyyf idk ;f qkid f wJeh nf;pepfawGudk aoaocsmcsm avh
wJo h al wG[m t&ifupGcJ w hJ hJ t,lrmS ; jyif;xefwphJ w d zf pd ;D r_a=umifh jzpfvm&wJh &m tm±kaH =umtzG@J tjyif 0dOmOfqidk f&m vmpl;prf;=uygw,f? 'ge@J yJNEOSISpdwf
tjypfrmS ;awGuif;pif+y;D avmuDoo H tjyKtrlawG/ em;vnfoabmayguzf @dk wefzkd;eJ@ "avhxkH;pHukdxdrf;odrf;wJh usa&m*gudk aq;0g;eJ@ukowJu h x k ;Hk awG
&mrSvw G af jrmufapEkid af om w&m;o tajccHtcsut f vufrsm;ukd xnfo h iG ;f metaphysical soul&Sw d ,fv@dk ,k=H unf ukd awG@&Scd yhJ gw,f? tJ'aD &m*guku d o k
abmtxdom em;vnfomG ;=uygw,f? a&;om;xm;ygw,f? =uygw,f? acG;rSmu ±kyyf idk ;f qkid &f m OD; &mrSm vlemukd aq;xk;d / aq;wku d /f aq;
ax&0g'Ak'b < momrSm q&mawmf oH prf;oyfcef;awGrSm acG;awGukprf; aESmuf±adS yr,fh soul r±Sdbl;vkd@qkd=u aiG@±_@ap+y;D uk, d af &mpdwyf g c|wfjcKHus
Cmawmfrsm;[m ykxZk Ofvo l m;rsm;ukd oyf+yD;jzpfapwJh pdwfa&m*gvuQ%m ygw,f? 'ga=umifh vle@J wd&pd m>eaf wG&@J apwJh tawG@t=uKH udk cHpm;ap+y;D uko
usK;d a=umif;qifjcifww Hk &m;rsm;ukad [m awG[m vlawGrmS ppfa=umifjh zpfwhJ pdwf tjyKtrl a wG u k d Ek d i f , S O f w m[m wmjzpfygw,f? wcgwav tJ't D awG@
=um;jyo+y;D twWp/JG rmepGaJ wGudk c|wf a&m*gvuQ%mawGeJ@ awmfawmfav; apmfum;r_ w&yfyv J @dk ,lq+y;D taemuf t=uKHudk pdwu f arhaeatmifvyk x f m;
avh&ydS gw,f? wlaeygw,f? acG;pdwaf &m*geJ@ vlpw d f urBm[m yufAavm@&J@prf;oyfcsuf vk@d tJ'guo dk wd&atmif vky&f ygw,f?
18 &mpkacwfrmS c&pf,mefw&m; a&m*gwkd@ wlnDaevkd@ acwfopfpw d yf awGudk vufrcHcw hJ mjzpfygw,f? yufA wcsKd@vlemwGrSmawmh tJ'DtawG@
a[mq&m *|e0f ufpavqko d [l m ol@ nmoDtkd&DawGukd vuQH&tcuf/ jiif; avmh&@J [muGurf ±Sw d hJ odye`H nf;ust t=uHKukdwkef@jyefwJh pdwfvSkyf±Sm;rSkukd
nDjzpfwhJ csm;vf0ufpaveJ@twl c&pf y,f&tcufjzpfuek yf gw,f? jzpfeJ@ okawoepmwrf;awGukd pdwf vnf; rwke@f jyefEidk af tmif zdEydS x f m;&yg
,mefrufo'pf*kd%f;ukd xlaxmifcJhyg tJ'DoDtkd&DawGukdvuQHr,fqkd&if ynm±SiEf iS hf pdwaf &m*gukq&m0ef t w,f? vlema&m*g oufom§rouf
w,f? olw&m;a[mwJhtcg y&dwf acG;rSmvnf;rodpdwf(okd@)zkH;uG,fpdwf rsm;pku rsufu, G jf yKxm;cJ=h uygw,f? omqkdwmu tJ'DzdESdyfcHxm;&wJh pdwf
owfawG[m em;axmif&if; arhajrm (ok@d )owdrxm;rdwphJ w d (f subconscious 'gayr,fh 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;+yD;wJh v_y±f mS ;r_awGudk zGit hf x
H w k jf cif; ±Srd ±Sq d dk
oGm;wJt h xdjzpfygw,f? *|ef0ufpav mind)/ odpw d (f conscious mind)/ tD*dk tcsdeu f p+y;D +Aw d ed Ef idk if rH mS pdwaf &m*g wJth csuaf y:rSm rlwnfaeygw,f? tJ'D
[m y&dwo f wfawGu olw@dk ao&if ol (EGO)awGw,fv@dk vufc&H rSmyg? EGO okawoevkyfief;awG wkd;wufvkyf zdEydS cf x
H m;&wJh pdwv f y_ ±f mS ;r_awGudk zGihf
wkd@0dOmOfawG u,frJht,l0g'ukd ,kH &So d al wG[m jzpf±;dk jzpfpOfoabmw&m; ukid v
f mcJyh gw,f? ppftwGi;f rSm ppfom; tefxw k w
f mukpd w d yf nmrSmAbreaction
=unfjcif;eJ@ i&Jusjcif;b,f[mukd a±G;r eJ@usK;d a=umif;qufpyfra_ wGudk em;vnf awGeJ@ t&yfom;awGrSmjzpfysufcJhwJh ac:ygw,f? Abreactiona=umifh vlem
vJqkdwmukd ta&;w}uD;a±G;&r,fht &rSmyg? 'gq&dk if acG;awGvnf; 'Doabm NEOSIS a&m*gawGukd ukowJhtcg twGuf tusK;d ±Sad pwJh pdwv f y_ ±f mS ;jcif;
ajctaea&mufae+yv D @dk ,k=H unfatmif w&m;awGuedk m;vnfw,fv@dk vufc&H awG@&Sd&whJ tcsuftvufawGa=umifh awGuawmh a'gopdwef @J a=umufvef@
a[majymygw,f? y&dwo f wf&@J pdwu f dk rSmyg? pdwaf &m*gtay:rSm ZD0urRaA'&J@ yg0if pdwaf wGjzpfygw,f?
t}u;D tus,f wkecf gvy_ ±f mS ;apygw,f? yufAavm@(Af)[m aemufyidk ;f acG; ywfoufr_ukd OD;pmay;okawoet pmrsufEmS 29 od@k «
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
11 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufowif;

Ðjrefrmvli,fwOD; Edik if wH um*Dw_ydKifyGJ wGif


xdyfqHk;rSajy;ae
bDbpD t D oHvi$ Xh f me}u;D ujyKvyk o f nhf
urBmt h aumif;qH;k vli,ftqdak wmf+yKdiyf . GJ
yxrtqifh qefcgwifa±G;cs,fr_+yD;pD;
oGm;+yjD zpf&m jrefrmjynfrS ‘bGeb f eG ’f qdk
olukd yxrtaejzifh a±G;cs,fc&H onf?
tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k u,fvzD ;kd tEkynm&Sirf sm;/ 0goem&Sirf sm;u òyifyuGJ kd Edik if w
H um&Sd touf 18ESpf
eD;,m;jynfe,f/ avmhpt f ed *f svpd òf r@ae vnf; *Dwya'omuyJjG zifh azsmcf =hJ u+y;D atmuf vli,faygif;wpfaxmifausmf
jrefrmpkrod m;pkrsm;pkaygif;I 86 }urd f txl;tpDtpOftjzpf OD;atmifapmOD; 0ifa&muf,OS òf yifc=hJ uonf? tcsK› o d cD si;f ta=umif;udk zJ@G qdx
k m;onf?
ajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyaGJ e@ txdr;f u trsKd;om;atmifyaGJ e@jzpfay:vmyHk rsm;rSm tkypf v k u kd o f q
D x
kd m;+y;D jrefrm qefcgwifpm&if;rSm +y;D cJo h nhf Ed0k if
trSwt f crf;tem;w&yfukd 'DZifbm 3 pifwifo±kyaf zmfjyZwfwifqufco hJ nf? jynfom; bGeb f eG . f oDcsif;rSm wud, k f bm 10 &ufae@txd òyifyo GJ @kd a&muf
&ufae@u usi;f ycJ=h uonf? u,fAm&yfppfr_xrf;a[mif;rsm; awmfoq D x kd m;aomoDcsif;jzpfonf? vmaom oD c sif ; yk ' f a & 1˜100
tcrf;tem;wGif pmayynm&Sirf sm; txdrf;trSwf&dyfomwGifusif;yaom oDcsif;onf r=umao;rDuxGuf ausmfxrJ S a±G;cs,fcjhJ cif;jzpfonf?
jzpfaom wifr;kd / armifprG ;f &nfw@kd ESit fh tqdyk gyJo
G @kd jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;tjyif t ay:vmaom ‘a&morar$’oDcsi;f uJo h @kd xdkoDcsif;rsm;udk atmufygvdyfpm
wl &yfe;D &yfa0;rS jrefrmhEikd if t
H a&;v_yf ar&duefEiS hf tjcm;Edik if jH cm;om;y&dowf tenf;i,fqn l o H nfh acwfay:oDcsif; wGif em;qifEikd o
f nf? (rd;k rc)
&Sm;olrsm;/ tzJG@tpnf;udk,fpm;vS,f 300 ausmf wufa&muf=u+y;D / òr@cHrsm; yHkpHjzpf+yD; jrefrmAHkoHvifuGif;rsm;jzifh
h ttp://www. b b c . c o. u k /
worldservice/specials/
rsm; wufa&mufa[majymcJ=h uonf? u vufzuf&nfjzifh wnfch if;=uonf? wefqmqifI jrefrmjynfrS vli,frsm; 114_thenominees/page2.shtml

twuf eJ@ ÐjrefrmEdkifiHawmftvHajymif;awmhrnf


olomtvif;raqmif&iftus
'DurBmarSmifomG ;r,fv@kd
etzppftkyfpk. anmifESpfyifnD
vmcHY jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmft
awmfopf[m rD;yGKd ifu h kd ajymif;jyefveS f
xm;ovdjk zpfaeygw,fæ“qdk+yD; um
aerif;u rmefaxmifw,f? vHawmfudk ‘pdr;f / 0g/ eD’yHpk jH zifh ajymif; wGef;qJGxm;ygw,f?
rmefwufwJhaerif; b0qdkwmvJ vJ owfrw S &f ef Ed0k ifbmv 11 &ufae@ qufvuf+yD; bm;rm;wla';tif
ncif;rSm yke;f uG,v
f #Kd; omwcg rSdefwvSnfh u twnfjyKa=umif; ajym=um;cJo h nf? wmeufpmrsufESmY “ausmif;om;
rmefp,
G f usKd;&w,f? wlwvSnhf aywvSnhfvdk aj y mif;vJ r nh t
f vH
a wmf o nf wdik ;f jynfoal wG&@J aoG;awGu atmufq;kH
tvSnfhqdkwm &Sdw,f? &if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;udk udk,fpm;rjyKbJ u/ tJ't D ay:rSmu a&$a&mifvr$ ;f wJh bk
ol@tpGrf;awGeJ@ ‘waoG;/ woH/ wrde@f ’ tm%m&Sipf epf &m;ykx;dk awGe@J q&mawmf oHCmawmf
ncsrf;[m vSy b,forl jyK rdrrd _ udu k , kd pf m;jyKojzifh vufrcHEikd af =umif;/ awG/ wd@k awGu;kd uG,w f AhJ 'k b
Q mom/ tJ'D
rmefºuwJh vrif;? oufa&mufru _ jyefvm jynfol@qENrawmif;cHbJ vG,fvifhw txufrmS rS ppfwyf/ =u,fjzLuawmh
0ËfqdkwmvJ &Sdw,f? ulajymif;Ir&a=umif;ajymqdak e=uonf? ppfwyfacgif;aqmifayghumG æ? tJ'v D kd
ae@cif;qdk olu,G af ysmuf
tpGr;f aysmufv@kd rmefcs tcGio hf mqdrk @kd ‚udpEP iS yhf wfoufIbm;rm;wla'; t"dyg` ,fe@J tvHopfvyk w f mrsm;vm;
odrif ,fomG ;&w,f? wyJom;eJ@ tm%mjy&if tif wmeufpmrsufEmS Y “etz&J@t rS rodwm? ‘ppfwyftxuf b,forl S
aemifw 0ifvmwwfw,f? vHawmfopf[m ‘tDo, D ;kd yD;,m;’Edik if H r&Sad p&’qdw k hJ oabmvnf; jzpfcsif
aeeJ@v yHpk jH y tvHe@J wlaewmawG@awmh tDo, D ;kd yD; jzpfrmS ayghæ”vd@k oH;k oyfou l oH;k oyf
rmefºuvd@k pdw}f u;D 0if tvSnt fh ajymif;=um;rSm ,m;rSm iwfrw G +f y;D vlawGaoa=u=u a=umif; a&;om;xm;ygw,f?
tjrifu usOf;ajrmif; ud,k uf aumif;xm;cJ&h if vd@k urBmEh ikd if aH wGukd tultnDawmif; etztaeeJ@ 88 rsKd;qufausmif;
us±_;H jcif;&J@ ta=umif;? ylyifp&m aomur&Sd =u&wm oGm;owd&rdw,f? 'DtvH om;acgi;f aqmifawGukd rw&m;zrf;qD;
tpOfom +ird ;f csrf;yg.? opfu nmbufxyd rf mS =u,fwyGiyhf g xdef;odrf;xm;r_twGuf EdkifiHwumrS
aerif;eJ@ vrif;awmif
awmh wd@k awGu olw@kd xuf =u,fw jypfwifajymqdkuef@uGufcHae&csdefrSm
ra&SmifEikd w
twufe@J tus?
f hJ obm0 ol@*k%feJ@olvS
avmuudk tvSqif
udk yGio hf m+y;D ydik wfae=uwmvd@k ajym&r
vdk jzpfae+yæ D ”[k oH;k oyfxm;ygw,f?
jynfov l x
udk tm±Hv
l ek @J 'Drkd ua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;
k nS pfh m;zd@k twGuf pwef@xGif
jzLpifwJh ESvHk;om;
tm;vH;k udk tusKd;rsm;? ouf ‘rdk;rc’tifwmeufpmrsufESmrSm
awmh umwGe;f q&marmif&pfu “tvH
jcif;wckvnf; jzpfEikd af cs&Sad =umif; a0
zefajymqdo k aH wG =um;ae&ygw,f?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
12 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufaqmif;yg; wkid ;f &if;om;u¾
,cifvrStqufæ

em*
em*wdki f;&if;om;wOD;
em*wd@k .pdwaf eoabmxm;
em*wd@k onf rsK;d EG,pf t k ajrmuftrsm;uJjG ym;ae=uaomfvnf; tajccHpw d af e
oabmxm;rSmrl wln=D u.? trsKd;udck ifw, G . f ? ae&if;a'oudk vG,v f , G Ef iS hf
rypfy,fwwf=u? tpJt G vef;}u;D .? trsu}f u;D .? &ef+iKd ;odw k wf.? cvkww f u kd rf d
onfah usmufcu J ykd if ausnufatmifxck yGJ pf&rS auseyfwwfonf? opfyifyv d I J
aoqH;k &ygu xdak oqH;k olro d m;pk0if/ aqGrsK;d pk0ifu, kd pf m; tqdyk gopfyifukd "g;ESihf wdkufcdkufavh&Sd.? wdkufcdkufatmifjrifygu ±GmwGif;&Sduav;oli,frsm;rStp
pdwrf m$ ypf&rS auseyf.? a&epfaoqH;k &onfqv kd sif a&epfonhaf e&mrSa&udk touft±G,}f u;D &ifo h rl sm;ygrusef acgi;f jzwfI rdrw d @kd ‘yef’rsm;wGif ewfwifyo
"g;ESichf w k &f rS pdwaf jywwf=u.? vufawG@ud, k af wG@ñurH S ,H=k unfwwf.? ,Hk jcif;/ atmifycGJ jH cif;jyK=uonf? wdu k cf u kd cf &H onh±f mG rSvnf; jyefvnfvufpm;acs
=unf&if;pJ&G x dS m;onfh udpw P &yftay: vG,v f , G Ef iS rhf ypfy,fwwfyJ tpJt G vef; wdu k cf u kd af vh&. dS ? ,if;uJo h @kd +iKd ;ol&efbuf±mG rsm;=um; a&rpm; rD;rpm;"avhusihf
}u;D wwf=u.? ‚wd@k tay:wGif aumufuspfpOf;vJjcif;/ vdrv f nfvn S zfh sm;jcif;/ oH;k =u.? &efbuf±mG rS rnfonhyf pPn;f / tpm;tpmudrk # vufrcH=uacs? ,kwpf G
tEW&m,fjyKjcif;rvkyo f rl sm;tay: rnfonht f cgrS &efowWKrjyKwwf=uay? o tqH;k c&D;oGm;&if; vrf;ñuv H #ifyif xd±k mG rSa&udrk aomuf/ rD;udyk if,rl ar$;? &ef
abmtm;jzifq h &kd v#if rdru d pI tEW&m,fray;wwfjcif;jzpfygonf? buf±mG rSr;D jzifh tpm;tpm rcsujf yKwu f s? c&D;oGm;vmpOf &efbuf±mG udjk zwfoef;
vlwOD;wa,muftay: ,H=k unfrv d #if c|if;csufr&S, d =kH unfwwf+y;D / pdwef m rnfch &D;pOfEiS ñhf uv H mygu xd±k mG udak &SmifuiG ;f auG@ywfum ausmv f eG pf cef;cs=u.?
atmifjyKvmolukd pGv J ef;pGmrke;f wD;wwf.? azmfa±Gjcif;/ oHa,mZOfw, G w f wfjcif;/ Oyrm- tpd;k &udpjP zifv h u kd yf g&aom em*txrf;orm;onf rdrt d rsK;d tEG,. f &ef
[efaqmifru _ if;jcif;/ pdwx f &J o dS nht f wdik ;f jyKrlwwfjcif;/ oabmxm;jzLpifI buf±mG od@k jzwfoef;oGm;&rnfqykd gu xd±k mG a&mufv#if ±GmxdyYf ypPn;f rsm;csum
apwemxufoefpmG au|;arG;ay;urf;wwf+y;D rdru d kd apwemjzifh ay;urf;v#if aemufa=umif;jyefvn S w fh wf=u.? &ef+iKd ;onf ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm=umjrifch +hJ yjD zpfaomf
vnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGm vufcw H wf=uonf? rdom;pk aer_xikd rf /_ tdrrf v _ yk f vnf; rdbbd;k bGm;rsm;u wqifph um;wqifah jym=um;cJI h om;pOfajr;quf pJjG rJ
ief;rStp &yfa&;±Gma&;/ vlra_ &;txd twlwuG 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmif=u.? Oyrm- pGmrSwo f m;vmcJ&h mrS a&rpm; rD;rpm;"avhukd vdu k ef m=ujcif;jzpfygonf?
awmif,mckwjf cif;/ tdraf qmufjcif;ponhu f pd &P yfrsm;udk w±GmvH;k u 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnD ppfajy+ird ;f a&;pmcsKyf
aqmif±u G =f u.? xdu k o hJ @kd ryg0ifou l kd w±GmvH;k u ypfy,fxm;avh&o dS nf? &efbuf±mG rsm;tcsif;csif; jyefvnfoifjh rwfvykd gu 0ufom;[if;/ =uufom;
ppfwu kd jf cif;tavhEiS t fh ,ltq [if;/ acgi&f nfrsm;jzifh tjyeftvSew f u kd af u|;=u+y;D acgi;f aqmifrsm; aoG;azmufI
awmifay:om;wd@k onf obm0 0ufaoG;/ =uufaoG;rsm;jzifah &maESmvsuf aoG;aESmonht f "dym` ,fjyKvyk u f m "g;
twdik ;f =urf;wrf;cufxefjcif;/ rsKd; jzifv h v J , S =f u.? t"dym` ,frmS rdr"d g;jzifh rdrt d m;jyefrckwyf g[k uwdopPmjyKonhf
EG,t f ay:pJv G ef;cifw, G &f +dS y;D rdrt d oauFwtxdr;f trSwjf zpf.?
rsKd;om t}u;D tuJjzpfvo kd jzifh rsKd; xl;jcm;onh±f ;kd &m"avhx;kH pHrsm;
EG,pf t k csif;csif; ppfwu kd cf u kd w f wf ±Gmw±GmrS tjcm;w±Gmod@k =uufOjzifyh pfaygufv#ifaomfvnf;aumif;/ jyKpm;
jcif;/ tz.rsK;d qufu, kd jl cif;paom onf/ vlaowwfonf[t k ,l&=dS u.? tdraf &Sw › iG v
f pHS u
kd jf cif;/ wkwx f yd w f iG =f uuf
pdw"f gwrf sm;&S=d u.? acgi;f aqmif. OcHpG yG uf m tdraf &Sa› jr}u;D wGipf u kd jf cif;/ rD;zdw k iG o
f ;kH onfh zdck aemufw;kH rsm;udzk ,f&mS ;
pum;twdik ;f waoGrwdr;f vdu k ef m +y;D "g;aoG;jcif;/ rD;zdw k iG f usi}f u;D usiif ,fpeG @f jcif;paomtjyKtr_rsm;onf &efpjcif;
aqmif±u G w f wf=u.? rdbbd;k bGm; t"dym` ,f/ ewfyal ZmfumjyKpm;vdak omt"dym` ,f[k ,lq=u.? xdt k jyKtr_rsK;d udk
rsm;vufxufu w±GmESifhw±Gm vH;k 0vufrcH=uyg?
aºu;+rDudpP/ *wdysufr_/ tjcm;t em*wd@k onf viykwzf rf;jcif;/ ae=uwfjcif;wd@k udk usm;rS aeESiv hf ud0k g;rsK;d onf
ao;tzJu G pd rP sm;jzihyf if ppfwu kd af vh [k,q l +y;D tqdyk gtcsed rf sm;wGif usm;rS0g;òrjcif;rjyKvyk Ef ikd &f ef ajcmufveS @f onft h
&S.
d ? xd@k a=umifh &efov l mv#if t aejzifh ±Gm&S‘d yef’taqmuftODwiG x f m;aom wH;k armif;rsm;udk wcsed v f ;kH xd;k acguf
em*ppfonfawmfwOD;
vG,fwuljrifEdkif&eftwGuf ±Gmudk aewwf=u.? ‚ae@.aemufae@udk ‘&ufuef;’(r*Fvmr&Sdaomae@)[kowf
awmifuek ;f awmifxyd af y:wGif wnfavh&=dS u.? ppfwu kd &f mwGif tEdik &f ygu &efol rSwu f m c&D;oGm;jcif;/ awmif,mckwjf cif;/ aysmyf ±GJ i$ yf jGJ yKvyk jf cif;rjyK=uay? vlao
.OD;acgi;f udjk zwf,I l ewfyw GJ ifyal Zmfyoum atmifycGJ , H w l wfaomtavhtx v#ifvnf;aumif;/ rD;avmifrj_ zpfv#ifvnf;aumif;/ rd;k óu;ypfv#ifvnf;aumif;/
,cifu&Scd zhJ ;l .? xd@k od@k jyKvkyyf gu tema&m*g uif;onf/ vlO;D a&wd;k yGm;rnf/ tqdyk gae@udk ‘&ufuef;’[kowfrw S =f u.? av,mOfysrH jrifb;l csed u f av,mOfysH
awmif,mpyg;txGurf sm;rnf/ w&p>mefO;D a&yGm; rsm;rnf[k ,H=k unf=uonf? ±Gmay:rSjzwfyso H ef;oGm;v#if raumif;qd;k 0g;ewfrsm; jzwfausmo f mG ;onf[, k q l I
a&rpm;rD;rpm;"avh ‘&ufuef;’ae@owfrSwf=u.? tcsKd@u &ufuef;udk w&ufwnf;jyKvkyfaomf
1950 0efusicf ef@txd w±GmESiw hf ±Gm ppfwu kd I f aumif;wke;f jzpf.? xd±k mG rsm; vnf; wcsKd@em*rsKd;EG,pf rk sm;rSm &ufuef;udk 3 &ufwikd w f ikd o
f wfrw S =f uonf?
tm; oufqikd &f mrsK;d EG,pf w k ±l mG rsm;/ r[mrdwrf sm;u yl;aygi;f yg0ifun l w D u kd cf u kd f &yf±mG xJ xl;jcm;aomta=umif;t&may:aygufv#ifaomfvnf;aumif;/ yJaG wmf
ay;avh&=dS u.? wlr;D / 'g;/ vS/H av;jrm;/ ausmufarmif;rsm;toH;k jyKwu kd cf u kd =f u.? usi;f yv#iaf omfvnf;aumif;/ rrmruse;f jzpfv#iaf omfvnf;aumif;/ awmif,m
wdu k cf u kd rf nh±f mG tm; eHeufvif;tm;}u;D =uufweG cf sed w f iG f pwif0ifa&muf pD;eif; ckwv f #ifaomfvnf;aumif;/ =uuf/ 0uf/ EGm;/ u|Jw@kd jzifh ewfwifyal Zmfyo=u.?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
13 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
wkid ;f &if;om;u¾
arG;zGm;jcif;ygwo f ufI w}urd af rG;v#if wa,mufomarG;&rnfjzpf+y;D tr$marG; od@k &mwGif tay:ydik ;f AvmusO;f aeonfu rsm;ygonf(pm±_ow l @kd wckowdjyKoifh
zGm;vmygu raumif;qdk;0g;ygvmonf[k,lq+yD; aemufrSarG;aomcav; onfrSm jyifyvlpdrf;ta&muftaygufrsm;vmaom awmifay:em*±Gmtcs›KdESifh
(od@k )rde;f cav;udk ajrjrKyyf pfjcif;/ awmawmifopfyifc=G um;wGif pGe@f ypfjcif;jyK=u.? cEW;D òr@ teD;0ef;usi&f dS em*aus;±Gmrsm;wGif tqdyk g0wfpm;qif,ifr/_ "avhx;kH pHrsm;
od@k aomf tr$marG;jcif;udEk pS o f ufonfh em*rsKd;EG,pf v k nf; &Sm;yg;pGm&Syd gonf? tenf;ESit hf rsm; uG,af ysmufuek +f yqD o kd nft
h csujf zpfonf)? trsK;d om;a&m trsK;d
rSwof m;zG,af umif;aom"avhwckrmS tema&m*gusa&mufaeonhf ±GmrS{nfh orD;yg aemufaphem;wGif qHyifux kd ;kH wmjcif;wl=u.? yk,if;ykw;D rsm;udk toG,f
onfuv kd nf;aumif;/ vufc&H rnf±h mG wGif tema&m*gusa&mufaecJv h #ifaomf vdu k f csncf ifwcifpmr# 0wfqifwwf=u.? zefvufaumuf/ a=u;vufaumuf
vnf;aumif;/ ±Gmt0ifvrf;wGif arsmufacgif;rsm;/ vl±yk rf sm;csdwq f x GJ m;+y;D tdrf rsm;udv k nf; tjrwfwEd;k 0wfqifwwf=uonf?
aygufrsm;Yvnf; opfcufprd ;f rsm;udk vlprd ;f t0ifrcHvakd omoabmjzifh csdwq f GJ
xm;avh&Sd=u.?
tjcm;"avhx;kH pHw&yfrmS usm;udu k cf &H I aoqH;k oGm;aomvl(od@k )wd&p>mefukd
±GmwGi;f toGi;f rcHbJ ±GmjyifywGijf rKyEf jHS cif;/ csujf yKwpf m;aomufjcif;jyK=u.? ±GmeD;
ywf0ef;usiw f iG f usm;&Sad =umif; od&onfEiS w hf òyifeuf uav;§vl}u;D rusef "g;vSH
qJuG m &SmazGwu kd cf ukd =f u.? usm;udo k wfEikd o f tl m; ol&aJ umif;tjzpf cs;D ajrm‡ uf
=u.? usm;pG,u f kd w&m;pD&ifonht f cg ‘rSe&f mudt k ppfcyH grnf/ rrSew f mudak jym
vsif usm;udu k cf &H ygapæ’[k usdew f , G &f mwGif toH;k jyK=uonf?
r&Srd jzpf‘yef’
em*aus;±Gmrsm;wGif ‘yef’qdak omtaqmuftODrsm;xm;&S+d y;D t"dym` ,frmS
vlopl ak 0;&mae&mjzpf.? jrefrmjynf&dS em*yefrmS 4 rsK;d &S. d ? (1)aus;±Gmoma&;em
a&;udprP sm; wdik yf ifaqG;aEG;onh‘f yef’/ (2)trsK;d orD; tysKpd ifrsm;omtdy&f onfh em*ppfonfawmfrsm;. ppfa&;jytcrf;tem;w&yf
‘yef’/ (3)vlysKrd sm;omtdy&f onf‘h yef’/ (4)tdraf xmifzufvw G vf yfpmG a±G;cs,Ef ikd f yJ}G uKd ufarmif
onhf pHw k ‘GJ yef’[lIjzpf.? yefrsm;wGif opfyifukd tacgif;aygufxiG ;f xm;aom ESpo
f ufu;l yJaG wmfuo hJ @kd aom ±d;k &myJv
G rf;obifrsm;wGif em*trsKd;om;rsm;
opfom;wH;k }u;D rsm;xm;&Sd +y;D / ‚wd@k udk ppfwu kd of nht f cgwiG af cguof nhf ‘yefw;kH ’ onf aºuaphrsm;pDjc,fxm;onfch g;ygwEf iS hf a=u;armif;cGuu f kd vHuu G w
f aD &Sw
› iG f
ESihf ewfwifonht f cgwGif acgufonh‘f yefw;kH ’[lI cJjG cm;xm;onf? wyfqifI teufa&mifatmufcYH teDa&miftuGurf sm;(od@k )aºuaphrsm;ygaom
zsOx f nf±;kd &mwbufrsm;jcKH vr$ ;f um "g;vSrH sm;udik af jrmufuckew f wf=u.? OD;xkyf
rSm &Snaf rsmarsmuawmhyo kH ¾mefjzpf+y;D }urd jf zifh vSyaooyfpmG &ufvyk xf m;.?
a&Sb › ufatmufajcwGif awm0ufp, G f 2 acsmif;udk b,fnmwyfqifxm;+y;D 0uf0H
arG;ESihf atmufcsif;iSuaf wmifrsm;udk xd;k pdu k x f m;.? tcs›Ku
d em;wGif zefem;
awmif;rsm;/ awmifqw d cf sKrd sm;udk tvStytjzpf wyfqifxm;+y;D vufarmif;wGif
qifp, G vf ufaumufrsm;udk 0wfqifavh&=dS u.? trsK;d orD;rsm;omru trsK;d om;
rsm;vnf; em;aygufazgufum em;qJw G yfqifaom tavh&=dS uygonf?

em*yeftaqmuftODrck 0f
em*vdu k zf pf wdik f
vlrsK;d EG,pf rk sm; uJjG ym;jcm;em;=uaomfvnf; tajccH0wfpm;qif,ifx;kH zJ@G r_rmS
twlwyl ifjzpfygonf? qdv k o kd nfrmS uJjG ym;aeaom vlrsK;d pktvdu k f ±d;k &mtxdr;f t
rSwt f jzpf 0wfpm;qif,ifrr_ mS jcm;em;aumif;jcm;em;rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ae@w"l0
yHrk eS 0f wfpm;qif,ifrw _ @kd wGif t=urf;zsOf;wln=D uonf?
trsK;d om;onf vHuu G w f uD 0kd wfqif=u.? vHuw G wf q D o kd nfrmS 6 vuQcef@ awmifqw
d cf sKed m;qJt
G vSqifxm;aom em*trsK;d om;wOD;
&Sd teDpif;yg teufa&mifvuf&ufxnfzsOpf udk cg;ygwrf S a&Sw › iG f tumt&Htjzpf
wJaG vmif;csxm;.? tjcm;wzufukd a&Sr› aS emufbufqo D @kd atmufy;kd usKu d yf o
kH aiG rvdb k ;l / ypPn;f jcif;vJr,fæ
¾mef uyfy,ftyd u f o kd , G x f wk u f m zsOfptqH;k Y óu;jzifq h uf+y;D tqdyk góu;udk em*wd@k tESpof ufq;kH rSm qm;jzpf.? qm;udv k ckd siIf tvGeaf 0;vHaom awmif
ausmzufcg;ygww f iG f csw d rf ad pygonf? ud, k w
f iG t
f usrô &Syd g? apmifukd obuft ay:aus;±Gmrsm;wGiaf exdik o f nhf em*wd@k onf wygwf 10 &uf=um awmifwuf
vm; v$r;f jcKH xm;.? qHyifukd =umzufaqmif;xm;onfyh o kH ¾mef&w d x f m;avh&+dS y;D awmifqif; ajcvsicf &D;jzifh cEW;D òr@teD;0ef;usi±f mG rsm;xdatmif vma&muf0,f,l
aemufaphwiG f qHx;kH xH;k xm;onf? TonfrmS em*trsK;d om;wOD;. yH=k urf;jzpf.? avh&=dS uonf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh ukeyf pPn;f jcif;zvS,af ompepfuu kd sio
hf ;kH .? ‚
trsKd;orD;rsm;rSm tvsm; 3 awmif/ teH 1 awmifcef@&Sd zsOfxnfteufukd wd@k a'oxGuf ±d;k &mvuf,ufxnfrsm;/ 0g;/ }urd jf zif, h ufvyk x
f m;aom toH;k t
csufatmuf cg;wGiyf wfxm;+y;D teufcaH y: teDyiG yhf gtxnfukd jcKH v$r;f xm;.? aqmifrsm;/ aumaZmtvm; cef;vH;k jynhcf if;Edik af om }urd zf sm}u;D rsm;/ ysm;&nf/
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

wzufpmrsufEmS od@k «
14 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufaqmif;yg;
ysm;za,mif;/ xif;±l;wd@k jzifh qm;udv k v J , S jf cif;/ ,if;ypPn;f rsm;a&mif;&aiGjzifh trsKd;udck spfaompdwt f m;t&if;wnfI
rdrw d @kd vdt k yfaom tajccHvo l ;kH ukeyf pPn;f rsm;0,f,jl cif;jyKvky=f uygonf? Edik if aH &;[lonf cef@rSe;f wGucf sufIr&? ±_yaf xG;ayGv. D ? tajymif;tvJrsm;
yg;&Jac:aq;rSiaf =umifx;kd aomtavh jref.? od@k aomf rsK;d csppf w d [
f o l nf Edik if aH &;t,l0g'xuf rsm;pGmeuf±i_d ;f .? ysupf ;D
em*trsKd;om;wd@k taejzifh yg;&Jx;kd rS a,m ajymif;vJwwfjcif;r&S?d vl[I l jzpfvmvsif vlrsK;d pkwckcw k iG f yg0ifae+y;D jzpf&m vlrsK;d
uFsm;yDoonf/ ol&owWEd iS jhf ynfph o kH nf[k t,l pkwikd ;f rsK;d csppf w d o
f nf obm0tavsmuf&=dS u+y;D jzpf.? tqdyk grsK;d csppf w d jf zifh òr@±Gm
&S+d y;D xd;k =ujcif;jzpf.? ta&miftaejzihf teuf Edik if rH sm;udx k al xmif=u.? wd;k wufatmifjyK=u.? vlrsKd;wdik ;f wGif &Sad omrsKd;cspf
udEk pS o f uf=u.? a&S;jrefrmwd@k aq;rSiaf =umif pdwo f nf em*wd@k Yvnf;&Srd nfrmS {uefrck syif? xdrk sK;d csppf w d u f t
kd &if;wnfI/ xdk
xd;k uGi;f xd;k onht f ,ltqESihf wlno D nfuakd wG@ rsK;d csppf w d jf yif;xefapIóu;pm;aomf avmuY rjzpfEikd af omt&m[lIr&S?d acwf
&.? od@k aomf xd;k yHx k ;kd enf;ESihf xd;k xm;onfah e awG/ pepfawG rnfo@kd yifajymif;ajymif;/ rsKd;cspfpw d [f o l nf Edik if w H umwGiv f nf;
&muJv G yGJ gonf? em*trsK;d om;wd@k onf rsuEf mS / aumif;/ jynfwiG ;f a'oYvnf;aumif; Ed;k =um;pGma&So › @kd csDqjJ zpf.?
em;±Guaf tmuf/ ar;aph/ vnfyif;/ ajcovH;k wd@k igonfem*jzpfonfæ/
wGif t"duxd;k avh&+dS y;D cE<mud, k Ef iS ahf ygifwiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if o H m;jzpfonfæ
yg;&Jx;k d xm;onhef m*trsK;d orD;wOD; xd;k jcif;tavhenf;yg;onf? xl;jcm;aomtcsuf Ed;k =um;=uavmh em*wd@k æ
rSm em*trsK;d om;wd@k onf vl±yk af q;rSix f ;kd &mwGif &efo@l aoG;udk toH;k jyKavh&=dS u rSwcf suf? ? em*a'oqdkif&mrSwfwrf;rsm;ESifh Naga WebsitetrsKd;rsKd;wdk@rS
.? em*trsK;d orD;rsm;onf tysKad zmf0ifvsif ezl;wGif rSeu f ul uG o f ¾mefx;kd avh "gwfyEkH iS t hf a&;}u;D tcsuftvufrsm;udk xkwEf w k uf ;dk umm;ygonf?
&S+d y;D ar;aphtxufem;Y a'gifvu kd t f pif;ig;a=umif;cef@xd;k =u.? ajcovH;k wGif
vnf; &mZrufuu G yf pkH H ydu
k u f eG af jctdypf yG x f m;ouJo h @kd xd;k xm;avh&=dS uonf? zdwaf c:tyfygonf
em*wd@k tarausmf+y;D a'G;awmfrvGr;f rdatmif tpk;d &qdo k al wGrmS wm0ef&o dS nf
em*vlrsK;d wd@k onf rd±;kd zvmewfu;kd uG,=f uolrsm;jzpf.? aemufyikd ;f wGif c&pf tðyoabmaqmifonfph mrlrsm;ESihf owif;tcsut f vufrsm;udk
,mefbmomud;k uG,o f rl sm;&Sv d mjcif;rSm tdE, Nd &Sd em*acgif;aqmifrsm;/ Edik if aH &; rnforl qdak y;yd@k Edik yf ga=umif; rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,frS zdwaf c:tyfyg
pnf;±H;k v_y&f mS ;r_EiS hf ,SOw f aGJ y:ayguv f mjcif;jzpfygonf? ±d;k &m"avhx;kH pHrsm;onf onf?
rsK;d EG,pf t k vdu k f uJjG ym;jcm;em;r_&+dS y;D c&pf,mefbmom 0ifa&mufvmjcif;/ acwfp
epfEiS v
uke+f yq
hf ukd af vsmnDaxGrr_ &Sad wmhjcif;wd@k a=umifh tcsK@d aom"avhrsm; uG,af ysmuf
D jkd im;vnf; tpGet
"avhx;kH pHrsm;twdik ;f usifo
f zsm;usaoma'orsm;Yrl txufuazmfjycJah om ±d;k &m
h ;kH ae=uqJjzpfygonf?
Ðetzxdk;ppfqifr+a-umihf u&ifwdkif;
&if;om;rsm; tdk;tdrfpGef‹xGufajy;ae&
jrefrmetzppfwyf. xd;k ppfqifae
r_rsm;a=umihf u&ifjynfe,fEiS hf awmifil
c±dik tf wGi;f &Sd u&if±mG om;wcsK› ad oqH;k
+yD; trsm;pkrSm xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf
teD;&Sd ‘tdwlx’'kuQonfpcef;odk@ tdk;
tdrpf eG @f xGuaf jy;ae&a=umif;/ tqdyk gvl
rsm;. vHkjcHKa&;ESifh tpma&pmrsm;vdk ,ckvkdvkyf&yfrsm;a=umifh tdwlx
tyfaea=umif;/ vl@tcGit fh a&;avhvm 'kuo Q nfpcef;od@k Ed0k ifbm 13 &ufrS
a&;tzJ G @ ( HRW-Human Rights 17 &uftwGi;f u&ifwikd ;f &if;om; 300
tEW&m,fuif;&Si;f ap&eftwGuf bmoma&;q&mrS rSe;f r_waf y;aepOf
Watch)ESihf u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf;t±H;k cef@ a&muf&Sdvmonf[k u&ifu,f
Taqmif;yg;yg tcsK› ad om±d;k &m"avhx;kH pHEiS hf tcsK› ad ompdwaf eoabmxm;wd@k (KNU)tzG@J u ajymonf? q,fa&;ESihf zG@H òz;a&;tzJ@G !Ge=f um;a&;
u!$e;f qdo k nfrmS zH@G òz;wd;k wufrr_ &So d avmufaES;auG;onfh em*awmifwef;a' Edk0ifbm 22 &ufae@u awmifil rSL; a*;vfbwf±;_ uajymonf?
o. pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ vrf;yef;qufo, G af &;/ use;f rma&;/ ynma&;u¾wd@k t c±dik /f xef;wyifòr@e,f/ acgo;kd y,f±mG ESihf u&ifjynfe,ftwGi;f etzwyfrsm;
ay: wm0efc&H rnfh acwftqufquf Edik if t Hh pd;k &rsm;onf vH;k 0eD;yg; vspv f sL±_chJ ±d;_ x±Gmrsm;od@k etzu vufeuf}u;D qufwdkufxkd;ppfqifaeaoma=umifh
a=umif;xif&mS ;.? xd@k a=umifh jrefrmjynfrv S Ol ;D a& 1 ode;f 6 aomif;cef@om&Sad om rsm;jzifh ypfcwfwdkufcdkuf+yD; w&uf ,ckESpftwGif; a±G@ajymif;'kuQonf
em*wd@k onf jyifya'oESit hf quftoG,t f jzwfc&H um wd;k wufaomurBm}u;D r wnf;wGif aqm0'J±mG ;om; 2 OD;udk zrf; 27˜000 cef@&S+d y;D / tenf;qH;k 45 OD;ao
qdxk m;ESi/hf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;ESiEhf id_ ;f ,SOv f siyf if aemufususev f sujf zpfae.? qD;ypfowfcahJ =umif;/ xef;wyifòr@e,f qH;k cJah =umif;/ Edik if EH iS w
hf 0ef; xGuaf jy;ae
'Drukd a&pD&rS/ z,f'&,fjynfaxmifp}k u;D wnfaqmufEikd rf q S o
dk nfh tcsed o
f wfrw S f &Sd ±Gmaygif; 20 rS vSn;f 25 pD;cef@udk &olaygi;f 82˜000 cef@&Sad =umif; HRW
csux f uf vuf&u dS mvwGiyf if useaf oG;csi;f wd@k taejzifh em*wd@k b0udpk memum vnf; t"rRay:wmqJ+G y;D ±Gmom;rsm;udk tzJ@G uajymonf?
vufwaGJ c:oifo h nf? ppfzed yfatmufrjS refrmjynfonf tjcm;wd;k wufaomEdik if H cdik ;f apcJah =umif;/ a'ocHrsm;. pdu k cf if; 1996 ckEpS rf pS I ,ae@txd etz
rsm;ESiEhf i_d ;f ,SOv f sif ESpaf ygi;f 100 r# aemufru S secf +hJ yq
D ykd gu jrefrmjynfrS em*wd@k trsm;tjym;udkvnf; zsufqD;jcif;cH& wyfu ±Gmaygif; 3077 ±Gmudk zsufq;D
onf [d;k ta0;}u;D / ausmufacwfomomb0rSm ESpaf ygi;f 200 r# aemuf cseu f sef a=umif;/ autef,t l axGaxGtwGi;f cJ+h y;D vlwoef;ausmf td;k tdrpf eG @f xGuf
&pfc+hJ y[
D q k Ekd ikd .f ? xd@k twGuf um,uH&iS ef m*wd@k tvGe}f uKd ;pm;=u&ayrnf? a&;rSL; z'drk ef;&Smuajymonf? ajy;cJ&h onf?({&m0wDr)S
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h ukd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
15 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
Edik if w
H umowif;rsm;

ÐusL;bm;Edik fi&H @J ueG fjrLepfawmfvSefa&;ESpf(50)jynfh tcrf;tem;udk


crf;em;}uD;us,fpmG jyKkvyk fcahJ yrJh acgif;aqmif}uD;uufpx±dkrwufa&mufEdkifcJh//
'DZifbmv(2)&ufae@[m usL;bm;EdkifiH&J@ r=umao;rDu aq;&Hw k ufcpJG w d u f ok r_ccH hJ &wJh
uGejf rLepfacgi;f aqmif}u;D 'Castro'eJ@ ol@wyfz@JG 0if usL;bm;uGefjrLepfacgif;aqmif}uD; 'Castro' [m
rsm; usL;bm;Edik if u H kd awmfveS &f ,lcw hJ hJ tESpf 50 usef ; rma&;aumif ; rG e f v suf & S d a =umif ; uG e f j rL
ajrmufae@bJjzpfygw,f? usL;bm;tpdk;&[m epfa&'D,rkd w S qifh xkwv f i$ ahf jymqdck yhJ gw,f? 'gayrJh
tqdyk gae@rSmbJ aq;±Hw k uf+y;D cGpJ w d u f k or_caH e tckvkd tESpf 50 ajrmufawmfveS af &;ae@tcrf;tem;
&vd@k arG;ae@yGrJ jyKvyk cf &hJ wJh uGejf rLepfacgi;f aqmif rwufa&mufEikd b f J wdik ;f jynftm%mudk vGaJ jymif;ay;
}u;D 'Castro'&J@ arG;ae@yGt J crf;udyk g twlusif;ycJh h hJ ol@&J@nDjzpfol'Raul Castro'om tqdyk gtcrf;
cJw usL;bm;Edik if &H @J uGejf rLepfawmfveS af &;ae@
&m tvGeyf if pnfum;odu k +f rKd uf }u;D us,cf ef;em; tem;awGukd wufa&mufcw hJ t hJ wGuf tm%m&Si}f u;D tcrf;tem;rS ppfa&;jyjrifuiG ;f wck/(tay: )
vSw,fv@kd qdEk ikd yf gw,f? 'Fidel Castro'&J@ use;f rma&;tajctae[m od@k avm 'Fidel Castro'ESihf 'Raul Castro'(atmufy)kH
tJ'ga=umifh usL;bm;Edik if rH mS tJ'aD e@wae@vH;k od@k avmjzpfaecJ&h +yv D @kd qdyk gw,f?
ppfa&;tcrf;tem;rsm;/ aysmf&i$ yf rJG sm;/ rD;±_;rD;yef; ol@&J@nDjzpfol'Raul Castro'[m rde@f cGe;f rsm;ajym
ypfvw $ jf cif;rsm;pwJh atmifycJG cH w hJ hJ tcrf;tem; =um;cJah omfvnf; tudjk zpfoel @J ywfoufv@kd wpHw k
awGuu kd si;f yjyKvyk cf =hJ uygw,f? 'gayrJh trsm;u &mr# xkwaf z:ajym=um;cJjh cif;r&Scd w hJ t
hJ wGuf yd+k y;D pOf;
ar#mfvifhxm;ovdk acgif;aqmif}uD;'Castro'u pm;p&mjzpfae=u&w,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? 'Fidel Castro'
awmh tqdyk gtcrf;tem;awGukd wufa&mufEikd cf hJ [m vGecf w hJ hJ =o*kwv f 13 &ufae@rSm touf 80
jcif;r&Sb d ;l vd@k qdyk gw,f? jynfch +hJ yjD zpfygw,f/

'Fiji'EdkifiHwGifppfwyfu tm%modrf;r_jzpfymG ; ykyf&[ef;rif;BuD;'Benedict XVI' rGwfqvifbmom0ifrsm;


zpdzw
d yf ifv,fawmifbufrmS wnf
&S+d y;D u|ef;Edik if aH v;jzpfwhJ Edik if rH mS
'Fiji'
ESifhcspfMunfap&eftwGuf wl&uDEdkifiHodkYoGm;a&muf
'DZifbm 5 &ufae@u ppftm%modr;f vGecf whJ phJ ufwifbmvtwGi;f *smr yky&f [ef;rif;}u;D [m wl&uDEikd if u
H kd
r_jzpfymG ;cJyh gw,f? tckwacguef @J qd&k if %DEdkifiHwGif w&m;a[mcJhpOfu ykyf& a&mufa&mufcsif; emrnfausmf 'Blue
tm%mod r f ; r_ j zpf y G m ;wm 19 [ef;rif;}uD;befeuf'pf(wf) XVI[m Mosque'ac: rGwfqvifbk&m;0wfjyK
ESpt f wGi;f 4 }urd af jrmufjzpfygw,f? rGwq f vifbmom0ifw@kd txGÉt f jrwf ausmif;}u;D wGif rGwq f vifbmom0if
tm%modrf;acgif;aqmifuawmh xm;wJh wrefawmfrdk[mrufeJ@ywf wdk@&J@ bmoma&;t}uD;tuJwOD;jzpf
wcsdeu f a&wyfO;D pD;rSL;jzpf+y;D / vuf&dS ouf+y;D a0zefajymqdck &hJ m rGwq f vif ol 'Mustafa'tygt0if tjcm;rGwq f
'Fiji'EdkifiH&J@ ppfOD;pD;jzpfaeol 'Voreqe Ðtm%modr;f ppfacgif;aqmif bmom0ifrsm; tjrufa'goxGufI vif b moma&;acgif ; aqmif a wG e J @
Bainimarama'bJjzpfygw,f/ 'Voreqe Bainimarama' urBmtES@H qENjyuef@uGurf r_ sm; jyKvyk f twl bmoma&;qkawmif;yGrJ sm; usi;f
olu tckvt kd m%modr;f vdu k w
f m tvm;wl =opaw;vsEikd if u H vnf; cJ=h u+y;D ‚udpu P kd jyefvnfawmif;yef yjyKvyk cf yhJ gw,f/
[m vGecf w hJ ahJ rvurS 0ef}u;D csKyfjzpf &_@H cscJ+h y;D / t*FvefEikd if u H awmh 53 Edik if H zd@k eJ@ jzpfymG ;aewJjh y\emrsm; ajyvnf tqdkygc&D;pOftm; wl&uDEdkifiH&Sd
vmol 'Laisenia Qarase'&J@ tpdk;& xJrmS yg0ifaewJh "eo[mtzG@J 0if 'Fiji' +ird ;f csr;f oGm;apa&;twGuf Ed0k ifbm 28 rGwq f vifbmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;
tzG@J tm; jzKwcf s&ef&nf&, G jf cif;omjzpf Edik if tH m; tzG@J 0iftjzpfrS r=umcif&yf &ufae@rSm rGwq f vifEikd if jH zpfwhJ wl& eJ@ urBm@rGwq f vif bmoma&;acgif;
+y;D / wdik ;f jynfu'kd rD ukd a&pD jyefvnft qdik ;f ypfrmS jzpfw,f vd@k xkwaf z:ajymqdk uDEdkifiHudk cspf=unfa&;c&D;tjzpf 4 aqmifrsm;u +idrf;csrf;a&;c&D;pOfwck
oufoiG ;f rSmjzpfa=umif; xkwaf z:ajym vdu k yf gw,f? &uf=um oGm;a&mufcyhJ gw,f? tjzpf }uKd qdck =hJ uw,fv@kd qdyk gw,f?
=um;oGm;ygw,f// 'Fiji'Edi k if [
H m vlO;D a&(9)ode;f ausmf
'gayrJh tdref ;D jcif;Edik if aH wGjzpfwhJ e om&Sw d u hJ |e;f Edik if aH v;jzpfayrJh wESpu f kd yky&f [ef;rif;}u;D
,l;ZDvefEikd if u H 'Fiji'eJ@ ppfa&;oabm urBmvSnchf &D;onf 4 ode;f ausmf vm 'Benedict
XVI'
wlnx D m;r_awGukd &yfqikd ;f a=umif;eJ@ t a&mufvnfywf=uwJh vSywJu h |e;f Edik if H
ckvt kd m%modr;f r_ukd &_@H csvu kd yf gw,f? av;wckjzpfygw,f// wl&uDEikd if &H dS
rGwq f vif
bmom0if
t}u;D tuJrsm;
ESithf wl
( Refers & Quoted from : qkawmif;r_
Japan Times & Yahoo News ) jyKvkyaf epOf?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
16 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufaqmif;yg; v 0 u tusO;f pcef;rS &Jabmfrsm;. &ifziG o
hf rH sm;

rd;k aomuf-uk,o
f ‹kd æ ay;pm
ay;ydk‹ol=tdjzLaxG;
odk@æwm0efcHt,f'Dwmrsm;&Sifh- ay;=uw,f? 'gawGuvJ wzufwvrf;
rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,fxrJ mS xde;f vkt d yfwmyg? 'Dvrdk sKd ;vkyzf @dk [mukd Ekid if H
odrf;cHxm;&wJh usrwdk@&J@ owif;awG jcm;rSm¶Sad ewJh ArmawGu wufnv D uf
xnfrh ,fqw dk mod&vk@d 0rf;omygw,f? nDpnf;pnf;¶k;H ¶k;H eJ@wku d yf 0JG if=uw,f?
'DtxJrSm¶SdwJholawG&J@cHpm;csufukd tcktcsKyfxJ a&mufaewJAh rmawG
a&;=uzkd@ tm;vkH;ukdwkdufwGef;ay;xm; uk=d unfrh ,fq&dk if Ekid if yH jJ cm;w,f? Oy
ygw,f? usruawmh a0zefcsufwck a'u twlwyl v J @dk xif&w,f? bmjzpf olw@dk jyXmef;xm;wJOh ya'eJ@tnDaexkid f
jrefrmjynfrmS vJ 'Dvydk aJ v Ekid if aH &;
a&;csiw f ,f? b,fvv dk q J adk wmh jrefrm vk@d vJqadk wmh tckEidk if aH &;av#mufwhJ +y;D Armjynf'rD u dk a&;pD&¶Sad &;twGuf
orm;awG tusOf;axmifujyefv$wf
jynfrSm ppftm%m¶SifawGtkyfcsKyf+yD; vlawGa&m Ekid if aH &;vky+f y;D om;vlawG vkyaf e=uwmyJ? vm+y;D odyrf =umbl;? aemufta=umif;
jynfov l x
l u k Edk ydS fpufaewm wurBm ukyd gzrf;xm;w,f? 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if rH @dk r 'Dvpdk w
d rf xifwidk ;f jyefjyefqx GJ aJ e
jycsujf y+y;D axmifxjJ yefqx JG nfwh myg?
vk;H uod=uw,f? Ekid if aH &;vkyw f ohJ rl eS f ¶ku d w f mwckyu J mG w,f? etzppftyk pf k wm=um;&wm vkH;0pdwfraumif;jzpfrd
E_id ;f ,SOv f u dk &f if odyrf uGmygbl;? *syef
or# tm;vk;H eD;yg; zrf;+y;D axmifcsw,f? eJ@twlwyl ?J tckaemufq;Hk tzrf;cH&+y;D w,f? *syefEidk if &H @J Oya'eJ@tnDraevk@d
Ekid if u H 'kuo Q nfvufcaH &;rSm pmcsKyf
axmifxrJ mS enf;rsdK;pko H ;Hk +y;D uk, d pf w d f Ekid if aH &;vky+f y;D 'kuo Q nfav#mufwo hJ l jyeftzrf;cH&w,fq&dk if em;axmifv@dk
csKyfxm;w,fqkdwm vl=um;aumif;
ESpfyg;pvkH;ukd vlrqefpGmn‡if;yef;ESdyf rSeo f r#ukd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;xJrmS &uf aumif;ao;w,f? tck[mu bmeJ@wl
atmifvkyfxm;wmyg?
pufxm;wmawG/ emruse;f jzpfwmawG tuef@towfr¶Scd sKyfxm;w,f? b,f ovJq&dk if arsmufwpfaumifudk cg;rSm
wu,fvufcw H @J Ekid if aH wGrmS 'Dvdk
ukv d nf; aq;ukor_vspfvsL¶_xm;vk@d ae@b,fawmhvq J w dk m bmar#mfvifh }uKd ;csn+f y;D tjyifvw $ v
'kuof u
dk +f y;D ykid ¶f iS u
Q nfav#mufwv f hJ el @J Ekid if aH &;orm;
touf¶;H_ qk;H &wmawG trsm;}u;D yJ? t csufrmS r&So d vkd yJcpH m;&w,f? pdwrf auseyf&if }uKd ;eJ@jyefq+GJ y;D avSmif
awGudk aemufw}urd f jyefqx JG nfw
h ,f
oufraovkd@ jyefv$wfvmwJ@olawG 'DrmS csKyfxm;wJh Oya'[m bmOy tdrfxJjyefxnfhovkdrsdK;jzpfaew,fvkd@
qkw d m r=um;zl;ygbl;? usrwd@k b0[m
=uawmhvnf; pdwaf wG*a,mifacsmuf a'vJqw dk mukd b,forl mS twdtusr cHpm;&w,f? 'DvkdrsdK;=um;&jrif&wm
a&epfygw,fqrdk S rdausmif;uuku d cf &H
jcm;jzpf=u/ tjyifa&muf+yD;r=umcifyJ od=ubl;? 'kuo Q nfawGuu dk nl aD y;ae awGudk ok;H oyfpOfpm;=unfrh ,fq&dk if
w,fqw dk phJ um;vdrk sK;d ygy?J tck usrwk@d
ao=u/ aocgeD;usrS jyefvw $ af y;wm wJh *syeftzG@J tpnf;awGawmif rod=u *syeftpk;d &[mvJ etzppftyk pf ek @J t
'DtxJrmS Armqkw d mtenf;qk;H yg?
awG pwmawGwykH}uD;yJ? bl;? aemuf+y;D tjyifrmS ¶Sw d hJ Ekid if aH &;o wlwyl v J @dk xif&ygw,f? nDtukvtrsm;qk;H u w¶kwv d @dk f rl sKd ;/ zdvpfyif;
jrefrmppftm%m¶Siw f @dk &J@vky&f yfawG rm;awGuv dk nf; jyef+y;D qGx J nfw h ,f? ajym&if rrSm;Ekid yf gbl;-
tpkyH gyJ? ArmvlrsdK;qkw d m 10 a,muf
[m t&rf;&ufpuf,kwfrmyufpuf rSmrS wa,mufyg? t&rf;enf;ygw,f?
w,f? 'guawmh ppftm%m&SifawG rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd uf OD;pD;I tcef;xJrmS qk&d if w¶kwaf wGu t&rf;
usifo h ;Hk aewJh Oya'ayghaemf? Akv d u f sw,f? usrwk@d u qif;&JwEhJ idk if H
tck*syefrmS usawmhvJ ArmawG¶;dk atmufygvyk if ef;rsm;udk uvmwJh 'kuo Q nfawGq+dk y;D tEkid u f sihf
om;pGmeJ@ vkyu f idk pf m;ae=uaomfvnf;
&ufausmaf exkid rf e_ @J zrf;rdw,f? wcsKd@
apwemh0efxrf;tjzpf aqmif±u G af y;aeygonf? t=csifuwnf,fch ? &H txif ao;wJrh sufv;Hk awGe@J
w,f? pum;rsm;=uwJt h cg
usawmhvJ t&ifuwnf;u Ekid if aH &; vlra_ &;vkyif ef;wm0efcrH sm; vJ¶=dS uw,f/ tjrw J rf;Akv d u f sjcif;awmh
awGvkyfxm;w,fqkdawmh jyefvkd@r& wcgwavvJ ratmifhEkdifawmhbl;? p
bl;? wcsdK@uswmhvJ uk, d w f idk ;f jynfrmS (zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&olrsm;tm; oGm;a&mufawG@qHak y;jcif;) um;rsm;=uwJt h cg tcef;rSmuswJh 0ef
'kuaQ wGwyk}H u;D eJ@apmif}h uKd aer,fqw dk m xrf;awGu bmrSoyd rf ajzay;bl;? “eif
odv@dk rjyefcsif=ubl;? tm;vk;H [m uk, d f udw k ifarmifn(D 090 9345 8850) wk@d u=umrJv h al wG/ onf;cHaeygæ”vkd@
ta=umif;eJ@uk, d af ygh? t"du˜u wkid ;f udak usmaf usmx f eG ;f (090 5528 5179) ajymw,f? t&rf;&ifemw,f?
jynfraumif;vk@d rjyefcsi=f uwmyg? jref rwifwif0if;(090 8720 9017) uk, d v f J olrsm;ay:rSm rw&m;rvkyf
rmEkid if [ H m qif;&JwEhJ idk if jH zpfayrJh 'Dru dk bl;? uk, d u f v dk J olrsm;uvmvky&f ifrcH
a&pD&¶S+d y;D at;at;csrf;csrf;jzpfaer,f udo k ef;&Sed (f 080 6610 8893) csib f ;l ? 'Dvadk jymawmh uk, d u f 'DrmS 'kuQ
qk&d if tm;vk;H [mjyefz@dk tqifo h ifyh gyJ? onfav#mufxm;wJhvlqkdawmh usr
wjcm;Ekid if aH wGvdk at;csr;f wnf+ird ;f usef;rma&;vkyif ef;wm0efcrH sm; wd@k onf;cH+y;D aeae&w,f? =umvm&if
aer,fq&dk if qif;&Jygapæjyefr,f? tck a'guw f moef;0if;(taxGaxGa&m*g) 090 6599 9510 vlu pdwaf wGxu G af ygufr¶Sad wmh ¶l;
[mu wkid ;f jynf}u;D uaevm;/ nvm; rsm;¶l;oGm;rvm;qk+d y;D awmh tjrpJ w d u f dk
rodbl;? vlxktkHºur_}uD;ujzpfvm a'guw f m=unf0if;(oGm;a&m*g) 080 1225 4339 owdxm;+yD; aeae&w,f? wcsKd@us
awmhr,f? jynfwiG ;f rSm¶Sad ewJv h u l vJ awmhvnf; 'DrmS pdwu f sa&m*gvrdk sK;d jzpf
v_y¶f mS ;w,f? jynfyrSm¶Sw d EhJ idk if aH &;tzG@J vlu,
kd wf ikd af wG@qHak r;jref;vdyk gu we*FaEGae@wdik ;f nae 6;30 rS 8;30 txd vmae=uw,f?
tpnf;rsm;uvnf; vkt d yfovkd zdtm; rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f ukd wf iG f awG@qHak qG;aEG;Edik yf gonf? wzufpmrsufEmS od@k «

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
17 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
*syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;
aemuf+yD; tjyifxGuf&zkd@twGuf
u,f&zD ;dk rifwif&ifvnf; awmf,eHk @J r
usbl;? usw,fqdk&ifvnf; ,ef;
tk&cdS t
k ef*sDt.
kd ESpyf wfvnfnv
D mcHjyKvkyf
aomif;ig;q,fay;&w,f/ 'DtxJrmS t wuf a &muf v mol r sm;ud k *syef
=um}uD;tcsKyfcHxm;&+yD; tmrcHaiGt NHKwDADGXmetygt0if/ *syefausmif;
rsm;}u;D u b,fuoGm;&SmEdik rf vJæ? om;§olrsm;/ 'kuo Q nfrsm;ta&; pdwf
aemuf+yD; tjyifjyefxGufvmjyef 0ifpm;onho f rl sm;u ‚wd@k odvo kd nfh
awmhvnf; tvkyv f yk cf iG rhf &Sw
d mwd@k / t tcsut f vufrsm;ESihf v0uxde;f odr;f
csdefra±G;tzrf;cH&Edkifwmwdk@eJ@qdkawmh a&;pcef;twGif; aexdkifqufcHcHcJh&r_
*syefrmS &Sw d hJ usrwd@k b0awG[m bmeJ@ ta=umif;rsm;udk ar;jref;cJ=h u+y;D / tD&ef
oG m ;+yD ; wl o vJ q d k a wmh touf¶Sif ESihf wl&uDvrl sK;d wd@k rS tus,w f 0ifh ajz
vsuef @J b0aoaeovkyd cJ pH m;rdw,f? =um;oGm;cJyh gonf?
jrefrmEkid if u
H etzvkyd -J aocge;D rSm *syefEdkifiHwGif jrefrmvlrsKd; 800
v$ w f a y;rvm;æ/ v$ w f + yD ; vyk d i f ; ausmf 'kuo Q nftjzpfav#mufxm;=u
avmufrmS aorvm;qkw d mrsKd;ayghæ? +yD; 70 ausmfrS v0uxdef;odrf;a&;
wu,fvkd@ 'DvkdrsdK;jzpfcJh&ifvnf; pcef;rsm;wGif csKyaf ESmifjcif;cHae&onf?
usrwd@k ud, k pf m; jyef+y;D w&m;pGaJ y;ygv@dk tk&Sdcktef*sDtkdtzGJ@. ulnDaqmif
rSmcsifw,f? b,fae&mrSmrqkd trSef zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHxm;&olrsm;udk oGm;a&mufawG@qHak y;aeaom [dq
k ;kd 'pHrS ±Guaf y;r_a=umifh jyefvnfvw $ af jrmuf
olr.tawG@t=uKH rsm;udk ajym=um;aepOf vmonhf jrefrmvlrsKd; 'kuQonf 50
w&m;jzpfapcsifw,f? jrefrmjynf}uD;
jrefjref'Drkdua&pD&rS usrwkd@wawG 'kuo Q nftjzpfavsmufxm;+y;D zrf; *syefvrl sKd;rsm;/ vlra_ &;vkyif ef;rsm; ausmf&aSd omfvnf; ‘tusOf;tusyfus
vnf; 'Dvkdpdwfqif;&Jr_awGu jrefjref qD;xde;f odr;f cHxm;&onhf jrefrmvlrsKd; ulnDaqmif±Gufay;aeonhf tzGJ@t aeonhftcsdefYom tonf;toef
v$waf jrmuf+y;D jrefrmjynfudk jrefjrefjyef rsm;tygt0if wjcm;vlrsK;d rsm;. ta&; pnf;rsm;/ wjcm;tef*sDtt dk zJ@G rsm;/ 'kuQ tultnDawmif;=uI/ v$waf jrmuf
Ekid rf mS ayghaemf- udprP sm;udk tm;oGecf eG pf u kd f apwemt onftjzpfa&Smufxm;olrsm;ESihf tk&cdS k vmonft h cgwGif aiGaemufuv kd u
kd af e
'ga=umifh jrefrmjynf}u;D 'Dru dk a&pD jynhEf iS fh vkyuf ikd af qmif±u G af y;aeaom tef*st
D tdk zJ@G . tultnDjzifh jyefvnf =uonhf wuk, d af umif;pdw"f gwf/ wyJG
jrefjref&atmif *syefrSm¶SdwJhEkdifiHa&; tdbm&mcdc±dik /f tk&cdS òk r@&Sd ‘v0ujy\ vGwaf jrmufvmonhf tD&ef/ wl&uDEiS hf pm;OmOf/ weyfpm;tusif’h rsm;a=umifh
v_yf &Sm;olawGudk ykrd +dk y;D tifwu dk t
f m; emrsm;udk pOf;pm;aqmif ±Guaf y;ae wjcm;vlrsK;d rsm; wufa&mufc=hJ u+y;D jref jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm; *syefwiG f aeajrwjznf;
wku d ef @J vkyaf qmifay;=uygv@dk usrwd@k aomtzJ@G ’[k trnf&onfh tk&cdS t k ef rmvl r sKd ; rsm;taejzif h ‚wd k @ ul n D jznf;usOf;ajrmif;vm+yD; *syeftzGJ@t
u txJuae+y;D wku d w f eG ;f csifygw,f? *sDtkdtzJG@. ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHudk aqmif±Gufay;cJhaomolrsm; wOD;w pnf;rsm;. txifao;±_wfcsoHrsm;
rd;k aomuf=u,ftzJ@G om;rsm; use;f 'DZifbm 9 &uf(paeae@) ae@v,f a,mufrS rwufa&mufbJ tqdyk gtzJ@G vnf; =um;ae&ojzihf raumif;onfh
rmygapvk@d qkawmif;vku d yf gw,f? 2;00 em&DrS 5;00 em&Dtxd qkub k . vkyaf qmifru _ kd av;pm;onhf jrefrm tusifhrsm;azsmuf&ef txl;vdktyfyg
tppt&m&matmifjrifygapæ cef;rwGiu f sif;yjyKvkycf o
hJ nf? vlrsm;om wufa&mufco hJ nf? onf?([ef0if;xGe;f )
'DZifbm 10 &ufae@wGiu f sa&muf
Edik if wH umvl‹tcGit hf a&;ae‹txdr;f trSwf
ar#mfawmfa&mif onfh ‘58 }urd af jrmuf Edik if w
tcGifhta&;ae@’txdrf;trSwftjzpf
H umvl@
jrefrmh'rD ukd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;
wae0if waexGuf azmufcaH e&r_rsm;ESihf *syefEikd if w H iG f 'kuQ ,ltef±;kH a&Sw › iG af wmif;qdq k ENjy
reufvif; nrd;k csKyf onfav#mufxm;olrsm; zrf;qD;xdef;
reufwcg nwcgpm; odr;f cHae&olw@kd twGuf jrefrmh'rD u kd a&
wae@wcg a&csKd;&vd@k pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;tzG@J (BDA Group)
ae@&ufrsm;&,f rodawmhyguG,?f ESihf nD!w G af omwdik ;f &if;om;rsm;tzJ@G
(AUN-JP)yl;aygi;f I &Sb D , k &Sd ,lteft
b,ftcsed f b,ftcg&,frod
aqmuftODa&Sw › iG f 'DZifbm 11 &uf
Interview&,far;vd@k
ae@v,f 1;00 em&D rS 5;00 em&Dtxd
&ifxJrSm&Sd ESvHk;rSm&SdwJh
qENjyawmif;yJw G &yf usif;ycJyh gonf?
cHpm;csufw@kd udk &ifziG &hf w,fu,G ?f
awmif;qdq k ENjyyJo G @kd tiftm; 100
v$wrf &hJ ufukd awG;ar#mf&if; ausmw f ufa&muf=u+y;D UNwm0ef&o dS l
apmifq
h ikd ;f &wJt
h csdeu f kd vGr;f arm&if; rsm;xH jrefrmjynftajcESihf *syefEikd if &H dS
ESv;kH wkef &ifcek jf zpf&w,fu, G ?f jref r m'k u Q o nf r sm;twG u f ul n D
aqmif±u G af y;apvdo k nhf wdu k wf eG ;f Ed;_
rvSvaS 0(&cdik )f aqmf p mrsm;ud k ay;cJ h c J h = ua=umif ; jrefrm'kuo Q nfrsm;ta&; ulnaD qmif±u G af y;&ef ,ltef±;kH a&S@wGif jrefrm'Drkd
od&ygonf? ua&pD v y
_ &
f m
S ;olt csKd
@ awmif ;qdq
k EN
j yae= upOf (owif;"gwfy-kH *srf;MTK)
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd uf OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
18 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufaqmif;yg; tifwmeufowif;rsm;

vl‹tcGit
hf a&;tcrf;tem; jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f yxrqH;k usif;y/
jrefrmEdik fiu
H kd vl‹tcGifth a&;csKd;azmufr_ eHygwf 1 [k +AdwdefowfrSwf
'DZifbm 10 &ufae@rSmusa&mufwhJ vS,=f u+y;D vl@tcGit hf a&; ynmay;a&;
58 }urd af jrmuf tjynfjynfqikd &f m vl@ vk y f i ef ; awG u d k t"d u vuf w J G v k y f
tcGit hf a&;ae@rSm vl@tcGit hf a&; um aqmifEikd zf @kd aqG;aEG;=uygw,f?
uG,jf ri‡ w hf ifvo kd al wGp±k ;kH +y;D aqG;aEG;wJh tqdkygtcrf;tem;udk vl@tcGifht
tcrf;tem;w&yfudk {&m0wDwdkif;/ a&;umuG,jf ri‡ w hf ifvo kd [ l k cH,x l m;
bd k u av;òr@u vl @ tcG i f h t a&;um ol 80 OD;eJ@ {nfyh &dwo f wf 20 ausmf
uG,fjr‡ifhwifvdkol OD;apmAeful;&J@ae wufa&mufcyhJ gw,f?
tdrrf mS usif;ycJyh gw,f? 'DZifbm 12 &ufae@u +Aw d ed Ef ikd if &H @J
tcrf;tem;t+yD;rSmawmh tdrf&Sif t"dutwdu k t f cH uGeq f maA;wpfygwD
jzpfol OD;apmAeful;ESifhtwl wuf }u;D uOD;pD;+y;D urBmw0Sr;f u vl@tcGifh
a&mufchJ olEpS Of ;D udk tm%mydik af wGu ta&;csKd;azmufaewmawGudk us,f
ac: ,lppfaq;r_awG jyKvkycf yhJ gw,f? us,jf yef@jyef@avhvmwJh tpD&ifcpH mudk
OD;apmAefu;l ESit fh wl ac:,lppfaq; jyKpxk w k af 0vdu k w f mjzpf+y;D tJ't D xJrmS
ar;jref;cH&olEpS Of ;D uawmh r=umcifu jrefrmEdik if u H kd vl@tcGit fh a&;csK;d azmufr_ etzppftyk pf rk S rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;aom Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;. "gwyf w
kH csK@d
rS axmifuvGwfajrmufvmwJh vl@t eHygwf 1 tjzpf owfrw S v f u kd yf gw,f?
cGithf a&;umuG,jf ri‡ w hf ifol OD;jrifah t; ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if [ H m vGwv f yf ajymqdv k akd =umif;/ 'DtpD&ifcpH mudk OD; csufawGxJrSm 2006 ckESpf/ wESpft
eJ@ bdkuav;òr@e,f/ v$wfawmftrwf r_eJ@ w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;r_rSm xdyfwef; aqmifjyKpck w hJ hJ +Aw d efEikd if jH cm;a&;qdik &f m wGi;f rSm u&ifjynfe,fu aus;vufae
a'gufwmwifrif;xGËw f @kd jzpfygw,f? tqd;k 0g;qH;k tqifrh mS &Sad eayrJh jrefrmEdik f twdkuftcHygwDtrwfjzpfol rpPwm jynfol 25˜000 ausmf ae&yfpGef@cGm
tcrf;tem;p+y;D wpfem&Dt=umrSm iHuawmh tajccHv@l tcGit fh a&;awGukd 0DvsHa[h*u f ajym=um;ygw,f? xGuaf jy;ae&wm/ owfjzwfcaH e&wm
òr@e,faumfr&Sifu OD;apmAeful;udk us,fus,fjyef@jyef@eJ@ pepfwuscsKd; tzdEydS cf v H o l m;awGtwGuf ajymqdk awGvnf; yg0ifygw,f?
pmeJ@qifah c:ygw,f? tcrf;tem;t+y;D azmufaewma=umifh tm;vHk;jcHK=unhf vkyu f ikd af y;wm[m ud, k u f siho f u
d mQ 'D t pD t &if c H p mu xd y f w ef ; vl @
rSmawmh OD;jrifah t;eJ@ a'guw f mwifrif; vdkuf&if tqdk;0g;qHk;tqifh 1 tjzpf t& rSeu f ef±o kH ufoufr[kwb f J rdrd tcGit hf a&;csK;d azmufwEhJ ikd if aH wGxrJ mS eH
xGËfwdk@udk r,utm%mydkifawGu owfrw S v f u dk w f mjzpfa=umif; tpD&if wd@k +Awd ed Ef ikd if &H @J trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm; ygwf 1 u jrefrmEdkifiH/ eHygwf 2 u
vma&mufac:aqmifomG ;ygw,f? cHpmxJrmS azmfjyxm;ygw,f? w&yfvnf;jzpfa=umif;/ tm%m&Sif ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;/ eHygwf 3 u ql'efw@kd
'Dtcrf;tem;rSm a'otoD;oD;u uG e f q maA;wpf y gwD } uD ; taeeJ @ awG[m r[mrdwfawGr[kwfwJht jzpf+y;D usewf x hJ yd w
f ef;Edik if aH wGuawmh
wufa&mufvmwJh vl@tcGit hf a&;um vl@tcGit fh a&;udk av;pm;vdu k ef ma&;/ a=umif;/ vGwv f yfciG ehf @J zG@H òz;wd;k wufr_ OZbufupPwef/ tD&Dx&D;,m;/ wd
uG,jf ri‡ w hf ifvo kd al wGu jrefrmEdik if t H tajccHvGwfvyfcGihfawGudk av;pm; [m twlwuGwnf&adS ew,fqdkwJht Auf/ tD&ef/ wmhurifepPwef/ Ad,uferf
wGi;f a'otvdu k f vl@tcGit fh a&;csKd; vduk ef ma&;[m ygwD&@J Edik if jH cm;a&;rl a=umif; rpPwma[h*u f ajymygw,f? eJ@ aqmf'Dtma&;AD;,m;EdkifiHwdk@jzpf
azmufcH&r_tcsuftvufawGudk z 0g'tajccHjzpfw,fqw kd m xyfavmif; jrefrmEdkifiHeJ@ygwfoufvdk@ azmfjy =uygw,f?(RFA)

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
19 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufowif;
&efukefòr@/ ausmufwHwm;òr@e,f
wGifzGifhvSpfxm;aom yDtrf(PM)ukr`
%DvrD w d ufu jrefrmtrsK;d om;/ trsK;d *syefot‹kd vkyof rm;ydr‹k nhf yDtrfurk %
` D jy\emwuf
orD; vli,f 200 ausmfxrH S *syefEikd if H
odk@ oGm;a&muftvkyfvkyfEdkifa&;t a=umfjimxm;aom 20 a,mufrmS oD;
wGuf 0efaqmifc p&efaiG usyfodef; oef@yk*Kd~ vf(VIP)twGujf zpf+y;D usefvl
25˜00 ausmf,lxm;aomfvnf; owf rsm;rSm wOD;v#if tar&duefa':vm
rSwfcsdefausmfvGefonftxd wOD;w 4˜500 0ef a qmif c uk e f u srnf j zpf
a,mufurkd # yd@k aqmifEikd jf cif;r&So d jzifh
a=umif;/ vl 200 udk 6 vtwGi;f yd@k
tr_jzpfymG ;aeonf[k pHpk rf;od&&dS onf? aqmifay;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ ukr% ` ±D ;kH u
‚ukr% ` oD nf yxrtokwt f ae
ajymqdo k nf[k p&efaiGay;xm;olwOD;
ESihf vl 20 udk *syefo@kd puULpuf/ xrif; u {&m0wDowif;Xmeod@k ajymonf?
bl;puftp&Sad om puf±rkH sm;wGif oif yDtrfurk % ` o D nf ,cifu òr@awmf
wef;om;tvkyform;tjzpf w&m;0if pnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwD0iftqif(h 4)/
yd@k aqmifay;rnfjzpf+y;D wOD;v#if tar t+ird ;f pm;Adv k rf LS ;}u;D a[mif; aomif;a0
&duefa': vm 1˜000 ESin hf rD #aom jref
.ukr% ` jD zpfonf?
jynfwiG ;f Y tvkyt f udik &f mS ;yg;vmr_a=umifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfrv S il ,frsm; &efuek òf r@&Sd
rmusyfaiGudk 0efaqmifcay;&rnf[k p&efaiGrsm;&,lcJhpOfu aiGvufcH Edik if jH cm;tvkyt f udik &f mS azGa&;ukr% ` w
D cka&Sw
› iG f }uw d }f uwd w
f ;kd ae=upOf("gwfykAH FP)
vGecf ahJ om Zefe0g&v D u a=u;rHo k wif;
jzwfydkif;rsm;wGif 0efcHuwd vufrSwf
pmwGif a=umfjimcJo h nf? a&;xk;d cJoh rl sm;rSm OD;aomif;a0.orD; “*syefpum;ajymoifwJhem&D 100 ausmufww H m;&Jpcef;u a': jraomif;
xd@k twGuaf =umifh *syefEikd if w H iG f t
rsm;jzpf=uaom a':jraomif;a0ESihf a': twGuv f nf; wa,muf 3 aomif;cJu G kd a0tm; tmrcHay;xm;onf?
vkyv f yk uf ikd v
f okd rl sm; tqdyk gurk %` o D @kd
vGiaf omif;a0wd@k u ukr% ` 'D g±du
k w f m oD;oef@ay;&w,f? 'gayr,hf 'Dae@txd a': jraomif;a0onf 2006 ckEpS /f
oGm;a&mufpHkprf;&m owif;pmwGif rsm;tjzpf vufrw S af &;xk;d =uonf? wa,mufrS *syefurkd yd@k Edik af o;bl;æ” tm&Sc&D;=urf;um;òyifyw GJ iG f jrefrmEdik if H
[k p&efaiGjyefr&oluajymonf? ud, k pf m;,SOòf yifco hJ jl zpf+y;D 'kw, d qk&cJh
2007 ckEpS f “'DZifbm 5 &ufae@rSmawmh a':jr onf? ‚onf zcifO;D pD;xkwaf 0aom
uGefAif;&Sif;'kuQonfaxmufyHha&;tpDtpOf aomif;a0u aiGvjJ yefray;Edik b
csif&mwdik v
f ;l ? wdik f ‘ppfaoG;r*~Zif;’wGiv
f @kd usaemfw@kd udak jymw,f? t,f'w
f nf; tr_aqmif
D mwa,mufjzpf+y;D ‘jrefrmEdik f
wcs›Kv d J ausmufww H m;&Jpcef;rSm tr_ iH trsKd;orD;pGr;f aqmif&iS rf sm;toif;’
*syefbmomavhvmoif=um;vdo k /l
zGiwhf ikd w f ef;xm;=uw,fæ”[k p&efaiG . A[kt d r_aqmifwOD;vnf;jzpfonf?
*syef"avhx;kH pHrsm;udo k v
d okd /l
ay;xm;ol w OD ; uajymaomf v nf ; ({&m0wDr)S
tvkyt f udik &f mS azGvo
kd l 'kuo Q nfrsm;twGuæ f

oifwef;wufolac:,ljcif;
-tajccsaexdik rf t _ axmuftuljyKtpDtpOf
(*syefbmomoif=um;r_/ vlaer_vrf;!Ge/f tvkyt f udik &f mS azGrw
d q
f ufjcif;)
ae&m- RHQulnaD &;pifwm(wdu k sKòd r@wGi;f )
av#mufxm;Edik o f -l w&m;a&;0ef}u;D XmerS 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwjf yK
cH&olEiS hf ‚wd@k .rdom;pk(ADZm&Sad om tdraf xmifzufrb d / uav;)
twef;- 6 voifwef;
(yxrumv- 2007 ckEpS /f {+yv D rSziG yhf grnf?
av#mufxm;zk@d aemufq;kH ae@- 2007 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D 4 &ufae@txd)
('kw,
d umv- 2007 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvrSziG yhf grnf?
av#mufxm;zd@k aemufq;kH ae@- 2007 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f 3 &ufae@txd)
wESpo
f ifwef;
(2007 ckEpS f {+yv
D rSziG yhf grnf?
av#mufxm;zd@k aemufq;kH ae@-azazmf0g&v
D 4 &ufae@txd)
pHpk rf;&ef- tm&SEikd if o
H m;rsm;vlrz_ v
l akH &;ESihf ynma&;azmifa';&Si;f /
'kuo Q nfun l aD &;XmecsKy/f Refugee Assistance Headquarters
zke;f -03 3449 7011(eHeuf 09;30 em&DrS 17;30 em&Dtxd)
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
20 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tif0wˆ
Kwdk aqmif;yg;
wmeuf

xl;qef;aomudak ±$tyk f.twˆKy`wdW


(OD;oef‹)

T twˆKyw
avonf? usaemhrf w
` u
dW av;udk usaemft h m; rdwaf qGt+ird ;f pm;òr@tkyw
d af qG±;kH pdu k af omae&mrSm jrefrmjynfqefpyg;pdu
f OD;u ajymjycJh
k yf sK;d
&m c±dik w f cktwGi;f jrpf.urf;ezl;zkex f al om òr@uav;wòr@jzpf.?
usaemfrh w d af qGonf ol@±H;k pdu k &f mòr@e,ftwGi;f vSnv fh nfomG ;a&mufpOf udk
a±$tyk . f tjzpftysufuav;udk =um;awG@ñucH &hJ jcif;jzpf.?
udak ±$tyk o f nf pyg;yJpG m;wa,mufjzpf.? aiGa=u;jynfph . kH ? vlcspv f cl ifayg.? oufqdkif&mr_xrf;&mxrf;rsm;onf vlowfr_t&dyfta&mif oJvGefpwckck
awma&mòr@yg ol@udak v;pm;=u.? vlyrkH mS ao;ao;oG,o f , G /f tom;ndKnKd / ESm awG@vdkawG@jim; vaygif;twef=um pHkprf;axmufvSrf;=uao;.?
wHjym;jym;jzpf.? ESppf Of olonf &efuek rf S qefvyk if ef;&Si}f u;D rsm;ydik af om wku H if; udak ±$tyk .
f ±GmrS ol}u;D OD;pHcsed w f a,mufqv kd #if ykvyd b
f ufqikd &f mrsm;ESitfh wl
oH;k pif;ESit hf wl Tòr@uav;od@k pyg;0,f&ef a&mufvmwwf.? qefvyk if ef;&Si}f u;D rarmEdik rf yrf;Edik v
f ukd u f m tpGr;f uket f ultnDay; ar;jref;pHpk rf;onf? od@k aomf
rsm;uvnf; ol@udak umif;pGm odu|r;f cifrifI ,H=k unfpw d cf sonht f avsmuf T aemufq;Hk wGif olu, kd w f ikd vf ufav#m+h y;D acgi;f udk pdwrf csr;f romcg,rf;&if; udak ±$
od@k pyg;rsm;vSnv fh nf0,f,&l eftwGuf aiGa=u;tajrmuftjrm;xkwaf y;xm;.? tkyof nf ypPn;f OpPmukrd ufarmaom avmbw%Sm.qJaG qmif&mod@k rcHEikd b f J
Tòr@e,fo@kd udak ±$tyk af &mufvmv#if yrxqH;k pcef;csavh&o dS nfah e&mrSm Tod@k rSm;,Gi;f vdu k yf goGm;&[efwal =umif; ajymjyavonf?
jrpfurf;tyg; awm&Si;f xm;aom udik ;f ajruGuv f yfuav;wckjzpf.? Tae&m “wu,fv@kd oltowfc&H w,fq&kd ifvnf; ol@tavmif;udk oJveG pf uav;
wGif jrpfurf;onf a&xJo@kd ajrilpeG ;f ozG,f pG,x f ;kd xGuaf y:aeav&m atmuf yJjzpfjzpf usaemfw@kd awG@&rSmayghq&mwd@k &,fæ”[k oluqd. k ?
bufauG@xJwiG f obm0tm;jzifh aumif;rGev f jkH cKH aom avSqyd u f av;wckjzpfae xd@k aemuf &SpEf pS cf ef@=umoGm;.? tcsderf mS aqmif;OD;jzpf.? avSwpif;onf
onf? tke;f yif/ "edyifrsm;rSm a&pyftxd ayguaf &mufaeonf? jrpfo@kd a&aomuf jrpfujkd znf;n‡i;f pGmpkeq f if;&if; òr@uav;qDo@kd OD;wnfcsOf;uyfvsuf&o dS nf?
vmaom u|EJ mG ;wd@k . twuftqif;ajceif;uGurf sm;a=umihf urf;yg;onf edru hf s avSay:wGif zsma&mif;aom qif;qif;&J&±J mG om;wa,muf/ ol.ZeD;ESihf om;
+y;D cyfajyajy qifajcavsmjzpfaeonf? i,fuav;wa,mufvu kd yf gvm.? olw@kd onf òr@uv;wGif zsmrsm;a&mif;+y;D
Tae&mrS twGi;f bufEpS rf ikd cf ef@wGif udak ±$tyk pf yg;0,faeus t0,f'ikd pf cef; pm;p&m[if;vsmoD;ESpH onfrsm; 0,f,=l urnfjzpf.? a,musm;f vkyo f u l avSyhJ
uav;wck&adS vonf? od@k aomf Twacguw f iG af wmh udak ±$tyk o f nf t0,f'ikd f rSmxdik of nf? ZeD;u avSO;D rSmxdik o f nf? avS0rf;xJwiG f tusrõ yg Avmud, k x
f ;D ESihf
od@k vH;k 0a&mufrvmcJah cs? om;i,fuav;xdik o f nf? om;i,frmS olwumuav;awGEiS rhf wlacs? t±G,f
Tudpo P nf jrefrmhawmydik ;f a'orS ajz&Si;f Ir&aom v#K@d 0Suq f ef;us,o f nfh
tr_tcif;aygif;rsm;pGmteuf wckaomta&;tcif;uav;wckjzpf.?
eHeufr;kd vif;csed af &mufaomtcg jrpfurf;pyfwiG f vlwa,mufr#r&Sad om wHk
uif;rsm;udo k mawG@&onf? udak ±$tyk Ef iS hf ol.tazmfwa,muf/ xd@k aemuf pyg; vufxyfNyD;pD;jcif;
xrf;tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm;vH;k aysmufu, G af eonf?
udak ±$tyk . f wku H if;ay:wGif a&eHqrD ;D tdrw f vH;k rSm uJI G usae+y;D =urf;jyifwiG f &efuek wf ikd ;f / A[ef;òr@e,f/ usKduq U &H yfuu G /f ywWjrm;vrf;ae
a&eHqrD sm; ,dpk ;D aeonf? a&S;OD;pGm=unf±h @_ &SmazGaomtcg vlrsm;ESit hf wl aiGrsm;yg
OD;at;xGef;ša':pef;&Dwdk@. wOD;wnf;aomom;
aysmufq;kH ae[efwo l nf? od@k aomf ykvyd rf sm;u aphaphpyfpyf&mS azGaomtcg =urf;
jyifwiG f tenf;i,fumG aeaom ysOfwcsyfuakd wG@&+y;D ‚udck mG vdu k af omtcg armifausmfausmfEikd f
atmufwiG f tdww f ckxYJ aiGom;tawmfrsm;rsm; axmifEiS chf sI D awG@&avonf? ESifh
TaiGrsm;ESihf a&eHqrD ;D tdru f u GJ av;wckomvsif ykvyd rf sm;twGuf oJveG pf &Sr;f jynfajrmufyikd ;f / vm;±_;d òr@/ trSwf 2 &yfuu G /f ESi;f qDvrf;ae
usef&pfco hJ nf? ToJveG pf r#jzift h ajccHI tr_upkd pkH rf;&efrvG,u f al cs? OD;tdu k af ygif;š(a':aba&Smuf&)D wd@k .orD;}u;D
udak ±$tyk . f ta=umif;udv k nf; bmr#aemufxyfIr=um;&awmhacs? vltrsm;
u ,lq=uonfrmS udak ±$tyk o f nf aiGrsm;ud, k I l xGuaf jy;wdraf &SmifomG ;onf? rat;&if
xd@k aemuf jrefrmjynfwae&mwGif emrnfwrsK;d jzifZh mwfjrKy+f y;D csr;f csr;f omomae wdk@onf
xdik vf suf&o dS nf[I l jzpf.? Tt,ltqudk tpd;k &t&mydik ;f uyg vufc&H awmh (10-12-2006)ae@Y
rvdjk zpfvmonf? jrefrmjynfwiG f Tod@k aomtvm;wlupd rP sm;vnf; tawmfu ESpzf ufv}l u;D rsm;todoufaoxm;I
av; rsm;rsm;&Sad ecJah vonf?
rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h u
kd wf iG f
od@k aomf udak ±$tyk . f udpu P kd xdu k ohJ @kd xifjrif,q l aumufcsucf srnf=uw H ikd ;f
tpd;k &ydik ;f qdik &f mrsm;onf wkeu f if;=urf;jyifatmufrS awG@xm;onhaf iGtw d u f kd w&m;0ifvufrw S af &;xd;k I vufxyf+y;D pD;yga=umif;?
ajy;Iowd&um ra0cJEG ikd jf zpf=uavonf? axmifEiS chf saD omxdak iGrsm;rSm enf;vS
armifausmfausmfEikd šf rat;&if
onfr[kw?f tb,fa=umifu h akd ±$tyk o f nf xdak iGrsm;udk ,lroGm;cJah voenf;?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
21 Moe Thauk Kye Journal

ra&mufao;bJEiS yhf if vl}u;D qefqef [efyeftrlt&mrsK;d &So d nf? xdt k wGuf rdb nu wkeu f if;oH;k pif;qdu k u f yfI ntdyaf omae&mjzpfa=umif;udv k nf; od&. dS ?
rsm;u om;uav;tay: tm;ud;k w}u;D ar#mfvifch sufxm;=uonf? xdak =umihf olu om;i,ftm;ar;.?
zcifjzpfo. l xifjrifcsufrmS ol@om;onf ,cifb0rS txufwef;pm;yk*Kd~ vf “tJ'Dvdkvkyfwm b,folawGvJ vluav;æ”
wOD;OD;. vl0ifpm;jzpf+y;D ,ckb0wGif omi,fonf t±G,af &mufv#if bke;f }u;D “usKyfu"kd m;eJ@ckww f v hJ u l akd wmh usKyfrodb;l ? ol@rsufEmS u arSmif&yd x f rJ mS
0wfI pmwwfaywwf/ usr;f *efwwfy*k Kd~ vt f ausmt f armfwa,mufjzpfvmvdrhf a&mufaew,f? 'gayr,hf tJ'v D t l em;rSm&yfae+y;D apmapmu uif;orm;udk "m;eJ@
rnf[k ar#mfreS ;f vsuf&. dS ? ckww f v hJ u l awmh ol}u;D udpk cH sdeaf ygh? usKyf ol@udk aumif;aumif;odwmayghæ”
olw@kd onf aea&mif0if;yaomjrpfjyiftwdik ;f avSuakd vSmcf wfpek q f if;vm=u xdt k cg rdcifjzpfou l xdwv f ef@w=um;v_y&f mS ;vm+y;D cifyeG ;f tm; pdwq f ;kd rmef
&m zcifu wcgw&H aw;oDcsif;uav; wydik ;f wpnnf;.? ZeD;uvnf; pdwf qd;k trlt&mrsKd;jzif=h unhv f suf “uav;udk 'Dvpkd um;awG rajymygapeJ@/ awmf
vuf=unf±i$ [ f efjzifh toHuav;wpmpm oHòyif0ifIqd&k mS .? r=umrDyif olw@kd awmf=um usKyw f @kd tm;vH;k 'kuaQ &muf=uvdrrhf ,fæ”[kq. kd ? tb,fa=umif[ h rl l
avSonf awm&Sif;xm;aom jrpfurf;yg;udkif;ajruGufvGwfae&muav;odk@ OD;pHcsderf mS ,cktcsdew f iG f ±Gmuav;pm;aom a=u;&wwfvcl srf;om vl}u;D vl
a&mufvm.? aumif;wOD;jzpfaeonfomru ±GmeD;csKypf yf q&mbke;f awmf}u;D rsm;/ &[ef;oHCm
Tae&mwGif jrpfurf;yg;onf jrpfjyifxo J @kd pG,x f ;kd +y;D tilxu G v f suf&&dS m rsm;tm; ypPn;f av;yg;'g,umtjzpf cH,v l LS wef;aeoljzpfaoma=umifw h nf;?
obm0avSqyd u f av;wckvjkd zpfaeonf? tke;f yif/ "edyifrsm;uvnf; a&pyf od@k aomf zcifjzpforl mS om;i,fajymaomtjzpftysufukd arhazsmufr&bJ
txd aygufae.? urf;yg;apmif;qifajcavsmrSmvnf; a&aomufqif;aom u|J awG;aerd.? wjznf;jznf;ESihf TtawG;onf pdwx f w J iG f 0efxyk }f u;D wckyrm av;
EGm;wd@k .ajc&muGurf sm;jzifh ±_yaf xG;vsuf&. dS ? TwGif avS0rf;xJro S m;i,fu vHvm.? aemufq;kH wGif T0efxyk }f u;D udk onfy;kd rxm;Edik af wmhovdk jzpfvm.?
±kww f &ufaumufumiifum pum;ajymavonf? wae@wGif u|Eykf . f rdwaf qGòr@tkyo f nf c&D;vSn&hf if; xk±d mG uav;od@k a&muf&dS
“tJ'n D u usKyfw@kd wku H if;awGqu kd xf m;wm 'Dae&mayghæ”[k oluqd. k ? vm+y;D uav;i,f.zcifxrH S tqdyk gtjzpftysuw f ckv;kH udk =um;od&avonf?
om;i,fonf arG;uwnf;u w}urd rf # ±GmESiahf 0;a0;a&mufz;l olr[kwo f nhf òr@tkyo f nf awm±Gmuav;rsm;wGif Tod@k r=umc%awG@&wwfaom vl0ifpm;
twGuf rdbrsm;rSm om;.pum;a=umihf xl;qef;tH=oovdjk zpfomG ;.? xd@k a=umifh rsm;ta=umif;/ ewfyl;pkef;yl;rsm;ta=umif;/ tjcm;xl;xl;qef;qef;udpPrsm;t
rdcifjzpfou l ar;.? a=umif;udk ,H=k unforl [kwaf cs? od@k aomf Tuav;i,fu ol@ta=umif; twˆK
“a&mufwwf&m&m bmawGav#mufajymaewmvJ vluav;&,fæ” y`wu dW kd ajymyHq k ykd tkH rlt&mrsm;um; vGepf mG ydik Ef ikd w f ud svSayonf?
“usKyw f @kd tJ'aD e@u ae0ifcsed af vmufrmS a&muf+y;D 'Dae&mrSm wku H if;awGukd t,lonf;aom,Hk=unfr_rsm;udk vG,fvG,fESifhvufcHvdkolwa,muf
uyfxm;w,f? a[m[k±d @H$ xJu EGm;ajc&muGuaf wGukd usKyaf umif;aumif;rSwrf d r[kwaf pumrl òr@tkyo f nf Tw}urd w f iG af wmh ,H=k unfvufc&H awmhrvkd t
wmaygæ h ? tJ'n D rSm at;vnf;odyaf t;wmyJæ”[k om;i,fu qufajymjyef.? awmfpw d yf g0ifpm;vmavonf? od@k aomf tajctaerSm pOf;pOf;pm;pm; oH;k oyf
xdt k cg rdcifu om;pdwaf useyfatmif pvdu k pf avsmajymjyefjzifh “uJ-qdpk rf; udik w f , G &f ef txl;vdt k yfayonf?
ygOD;/ tarwd@k tdru f taa0;}u;D vm+y;D 'Dae&mrSm vluav;wa,mufwnf; ol}u;D OD;pHcsdew f iG f vltrsm;odoavmuf tusifph m&dwcW |wf,iG ;f r_[I l ,ck
csrf;csrf;pD;pD; bmvkyaf eovJæ” txd wpGe;f wuGurf #yif r&Sad o;acs? oHo,jzpfEikd pf &mwckwnf;aomudprP mS
rdcifu om;ajymyHu k kd oabmus+y;D &,fvu kd af wmhrnf[ h efjzpfae&mwGif zcif wzufpmrsufEmS od@k «
u0ifI ZeD;tm;[ef@vdu k . f ? xd@k aemuf zcifjzpfou l om;tm; aoG;wd;k prf;ovdk
nifnifomomar;cGe;f rsm; qufumar;avawmh.? om;i,fuajz.?
“nuvnf; odycf srf;odyaf t;wmyJ? nOfv h nf;eufvma&m usKyfw@kd uif;o
Sankei Travel service
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
rm;u wacgacgtdyfarmusygava&m? tJ'Dtcsdef vloHk;a,muf wkHuif; Special Discount Air Tickets
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
ay:wufvmw,f? uke;f ay:ysOjf ym;ay:rSm0yf+y;D wufvm=uw,f? +y;D awmh olw@kd
u uif;orm;&J@0g;&if;wkwu f , kd w l ,f? +y;D awmh a&eHqrD ;D tdru f kd ajcaxmufe@J  urBmEh ikd if aH ygif;pHo
k @kd wvrf;oGm;eSihf toGm;tjyefav,mOfvufrw
S rf sm;?
uefypfvdkufw,f? aemuf usKyftdyfaewJhae&mudk olwdk@a&mufvm=uw,f? ADZmtrsKd;rsKd;/ [kw d ,fEiS hf jynfwiG ;f av,mOfvufrw S rf sm;?
olw@kd u usKyw f @kd aiGu, kd w l ,f? usKyu f aiGwcsK› u d kd usKyaf cgi;f tH;k atmufrmS xm;  tzrf ;cH & ol r sm;ESih f ud
,
k w
f i
k d o
f wif ;yd@
k I jyef rnfo
h r
l sm;twGuf aps;ouf
w,f? wcs›Ku d kd usKyfcg;xJrmS xm;w,fæ” omaom jrefrmjynftjyefvufrw S rf sm;/ tzrf;cH&olrsm;twGuf oufqikd f
TwGif om;i,fu&yf+y;D ±kww f &uftoHxu G af tmif&,farmvdu k af o;.? &m Immigrationta&muf yd@k ay;ygonf?
xd@k aemuf qufI-“wcs›Kad iGawGuakd wmh usKyfu *keef t D w d ef @J xnf+h y;D =urf;cif;  *syefjynfwiG ;f ausmif;wufaeolrsm;/ tvkyw f m0efEiS hf a&muf&adS eolrsm;/
ysOcf syaf tmufrmS zGux f m;wm? tJ'gukd olw@kd vH;k vH;k awG@roGm;=ubl;As? usKyu f jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf pD;yGm;a&;qufo, G v f yk uf ikd af eolrsm;?
vnf; b,fae&mrSmxm;w,fqw kd m zGirhf ajymbl;? usKyu f atmfw,f/ atmfawmh  jref
r mEd i
k i
f o
H @
k d tvnf t ywf jy ef
v o
k d nf h (*syefšjrefrm)rdom;pkrsm;twGuf
uif;orm;Ed;k +y;D ajy;vmw,f? uif;orm;udk olw@kd owfypfvu kd w f ,f? ol@udck w k f SankeirSmom&EdkifwJh txl;aps;oufomaom Thai Airways
xpf+y;D jrpfxyJ pfcsvdu k w f myJæ” vufrw S rf sm;? tm;ay;r_taygif;udk aus;Zl;wifvsuf-
“'Dawmh vluav;uaum bmvkyfao;ovJæ”[k zcifu0ifIar;.? ae‹pOf eHeuf 8 em&DrS n 8 em&Dtxd/ we*FaEGEiS fh teD&ufyw
d fygonf?
om;i,fu w}urd x f yf&,f+y;D ajym.?
“usKyu f bmvkyEf ikd rf mS vJæ/ usKyu f kd vnf; olw@kd u b,forl rS rSwrf ad tmif jrefrmwm0efc=H oef‹-uL0if;(jrefrmod‹k r[kw*f syefbmomjzifh)
ckwx f pf+y;D jrpfxu J ykd yJ pfcsvu kd w f mayg?h tJ'n D u awmfawmfat;wJn h ygyæ J ”[k Ginza Swallow Bldg 4 F
qduk m om;i,frmS ajym&if; csrf;pdro hf vdjk zpfvm.? 1-14-9 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0081
zcifjzpforl mS udak ±$tyk Ef iS hf w±Gmwnf;om;csi;f jzpfav&m udak ±$tyk . f tjzpft Tel: 03 3564-3456 Fax: 03 3562 3930
e-mail: sakura@sankeitourist.co.jp
ysuu f kd aumif;pGmod.? wku H if;=urf;jyifatmufrS aiGtw d t f a=umif;udv k nf;od
.? xk@d jyif ,ck olw@kd avSa&mufaeaomae&mrSm udak ±$tyk pf yg;0,fvmpOf xdak e@ tcsder
f a±G;qufo,
G v kd gu- Cell: 090 9328 4131
f y

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
22 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufaqmif;yg; rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unhw
f u
kd af iGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;

\ |
OD;pHcsed of nf b,fuaiGawG b,fv&kd I b,fvckd sr;f omvmonf[al om tcsuf
omv#ifjzpf.? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unhw f u
dk t
f wGuf aiGa-u;
pOf;pOf;pm;pm;pDpOfvyk af qmif&efvt kd yfonht f wdik ;f òr@tkyo f nf tcsed , f I l pOf; vSLwef;cJ-h uolrsm;pm&if;ESihf ,cifvoH;k pJcG hJ
pm;.? tu,fI oli,fuav;.twˆKy`wu dW kd wu,fjzpfysufco hJ nhaf e&mwGif
jyefajymif;xkwaf zmfajymqdEk ikd af tmif tajctaersm;zefw;D pDpOfay;rnfqykd gu ol
aom aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;xkwjf yefcsuf
}u;D OD;pHcsdeu f , kd w f idk f rnfonhef nf;ESirhf # pdwrf v_y&f mS ; Áa¹ENrysufbaJ eEdik rf nf
0i
0iffaiG
r[kw[ f k òr@tkyu f awG;rd.? ,if;od@k awG;+y;D olonf aysmyf pGJ m;jrpfa=umif;c&D;wck
ukd pDpOfvu kd . f ? xdck &D;wGif tjcm;vlrsm;ESit hf wl OD;pHcsed Ef iS hf zsma&mif;ol om;tz 1? 'kuo
Q nfun
l aD pmifah &Smufa&;ÏmecsKyf 32400(oH;k aomif;ESpaf xmifah v;&m)
udyk g ac:aqmifvmcJ. h ?
òr@tkyf.armfawmfuav;onf jrpfjyiftwdkif; cyfoGufoGufpkefqif;vm+yD; 2? udak usmfvi_d af t;šrcifE,
G 0f if; 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdwd)
awm&Si;f xm;aomjrpfurf;pyf udik ;f ajruGuv f w G af e&mod@k a&mufvm.? urf;yg; 3? rjroDwm 3000(oHk;axmif,ef;wdwd)
onf a&xJo@kd pG,x f ;kd xGuaf y:ae&matmufbufY obm0avSqyd u f av;wck
jzpfae.? jrpfurf;pyfcyfxyfxyf ajcmufaeaom±$@H xJwiG f EGm;ajc&muGurf sm;udk 4? udo
k ef;0if; 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
jrif&onf? tke;f yif/ "edyifrsm;rSmvnf; a&pyftxdqif;I ayguaf &mufaeonf? 5? ud=k unf0if; 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
òr@tkyu f Tae&mwGif armfawmfqu dk uf yf&ef =u±H , G af =umif; odjrifaomtcg
OD;pHcsed w f a,mufrmS trlt&majymif;vmonf? olonf pdwx f YJ jyif;xefpmG v_yf 6? rrsKd;rsKd; 2500(ESpfaxmifig;&m,ef;wdwd)
&Sm;aeovdk rsufESmrsm;ysufvmonf? Tae&mrSm armfawmfqdkuf&efae&m
7? udrk ;kd ndK 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
aumif;wckr[kwaf =umif; oluajymavonf? xdt k cg oli,fuav;uajym.?
“usKyfw@kd [kn d u wku H if;awG urf;rSmuyf+y;D ntdyw f m 'Dae&myJayghæ” 8? udw
k ifatmifšraroef;a±$ 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
xd@k aemuf oli,fuav;onf ol@rdbrsm;tm; avSay:wGiaf jymcJo h nht f wkid ;f
ol@twˆKyw ` u dW kd wvH;k rusef jyefIajymjy.? olajymI+y;D qH;k oGm;aomtcg olonf 9? ud&k efrsKd;ausmf 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
ol}u;D OD;pHcsdeb f ufo@kd vSnu hf m avat;uav;ESihf vSr;f ar;vdu k af o;.? 10? ud[
k efol 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
“cifAsm;aumrSwrf w d ,fr[kwv f m;udpk cH sed /f tJ'n D u awmfawmfuakd t;wmyJ
aemfæ” 11? ud0k if;atmif 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
xdt k cg ol}u;D onf oli,fuav;.ajc&if;wGif ud, k u
f v kd cSJ sidak ºu;um ol@
12? udw
k ifarmifnD 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
tm; tjypfrcS iG v hf w $ yf g&ef awmif;yef&mS .?
“rif;udo k wfwm usKyrf [kwyf gb;l uG,/f usKyu f ckd sr;f omay;yg? rif;udo k wfwhJ 13? udo
k uf0if;/ udw
k ifO;D 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
vlu ±Gm}uD;uzdk;wkwfygæ”[lI OD;pHcsdeu f zGi[ hf ajymvm.?
oli,fuav;tm; olw@kd qufvufac:aqmifomG ;&mwGif ±Gm}u;D rSz;kd wkwu f 14? rjrifjh rifEh ,
G f 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
vnf; a=umuf±@HG wkev f y_ pf mG jzifh ol@tjypfukd zGi[ hf 0efc. H ? udak ±$tyk u f okd wfonhf 15? udrk sKd;Edik šf rrd;k oDwm 2000(ESpfaxmif,ef;wdwd)
tr_wckwnf;omrubJ olusL;vGecf o hJ nfh tjcm;vufonfray:ao;aom tr_
rsm;tm;vH;k udyk g azmfxw k af jzmifch sufay;avawmh.? 16? Ed0k ifbmv*sme,fa&mif;&aiG 10360(wpfo;kH ajcmufq,f,ef;wdw)d
,ck zk;d wkwu f m; r&Sad wmh+y?D OD;pHcsdew f a,mufrmS vnf; ol}u;D tjzpfrES w k f 17? MTKtzJ@G om;rsm; 12˜000(wpfaomif;ESpaf xmif,ef;)
xGuaf vonf? xd@k aemuf olonf uy`vu D |ef;wGif tpd;k &{nho f nftjzpf ESpf
aygif;rsm;pGmae&+y;D xdu k |ef;wGiyf if aoqH;k oGm;avonf? vufusefaiG- 12˜9091(q,fEh pS af omif;ud;k axmifaxmifu;kd q,fw
h pf,ef;wdw)d
(tqdyk gpmrlukd a=u;rHOk ;D aomif;rS &SmazGI ay;yd@k ygonf)
0ifaiGppk ak ygif; 216˜531(ESpq
f ,fw h pf,ef;)
h pfaomif;ajcmufaxmifig;&moH;k q,fw

aus;Zl;wif&Sdjcif; twJ(G 3)trSw(f 11)pm±du


fk cf
xGufaiG
10˜000(wpfaomif;,ef;wdwd)
pmyd@k c 9420(ud;k axmifah v;&mESpq
f ,f,ef;)
usaemf ausmfausmfEikd fEiS hf usr rat;&ifw@kd .
10-12-2006(Edik if w H umvl@tcGit fh a&;ae@)wGif usi;f yjyKvyk af om umvmaumfyD 12˜500(wpfaomif;ESpaf xmifih g;&m,ef;)
r*FvmxufxyfyJGESifh r*Fvm{nhfcHyJGodk@ arG;ae@yJo
G ;kH aiG 30000(oH;k aomif;,ef;wdw)d
ºua&mufcs;D jri‡ *hf %k jf yK=uaom vl}u;D rif;rsm;ESiw hf uG/
pm=unhw
f u
kd t
f wGuo
f ;kH aiG 13026(wpfaomif;,ef;wdwd)
{nhyf &dwo f wfrsm;/ oli,fcsi;f taygi;f toif;rsm;/
vlazmfuikd zf ufrsm;ESifh tzJ@G tpnf;toD;oD;rSy*k Kd~ vrf sm;tm;vH;k udk
xGuaf iGppk ak ygif; 74˜946(ckEpS af omif;av;axmifu;kd &mav;q,fah jcmuf,ef;)
txl;aus;Zl;wif&ydS ga=umif;?
ausmfausmfEikd šf rat;&if Ed0k ifbmvufusefaiG 14˜1405(q,fah v;aomif;wpfaxmifav;&mig;,ef;wdwd)

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
23 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
oa&mfpm

tokbtdrfwGi f zJ'dki fcHjcif;


armifyn
k (-opa-w;vs)

“Adv k o f ef;a±$orD;&J@ r*FvmyJo G wif; =unh+f y;D +yv D m;bbæ”


“at;uG,f u&ifav;&,f/ Zlvikd v f uowif;udk 'd@k wawG Ed0k ifbmvrS=unhf
&w,fqakd wmh eJeaJ wmifaemufusoGm;wmayghu, G æf / 'gawmif ‘armifcspfz;l ’
&J@aus;Zl;a=umifah væ”
“tJ'rD *FvmyJeG @J owif;um;tay: bbtjrifvJ odyg&apbbæ”
“r*FvmyJo G wif;udk ±du k =f uolawGu &efuek òf r@ 34 vrf;xdyrf mS aewJh ud, k w f @kd
&J@rdwaf qG ‘pdik ;f bke;f xl;’eJ@ jrefrmhtoHuyk*Kd~ vaf wGy/J pdw0f ifpm;zd@k aumif;wmu
'Dr*Fvmowif;um; &efuek òf r@eJ@wuG tES@H tjym;jyef@ES@H +y;D rS ayguf=um;w,fqkd
awmh ppftyk pf u k , kd w f ikd uf ayguf=um;atmifvyk o f vdrk jzpfb;l vm;uG,æ f ” pdefawGpDxm;w,fqdkawmhuG,fæ”
“pOf;pm;p&mygbb/ &efuek t f jrifua&m b,fv&kd o dS vJbbæ” “[kwu f b hJ b/ vl@tzG@J tpnf;rSm ppfacgif;aqmifqw kd m b,ftqifrh mS &Syd g
“'Dr*Fvmowif;rSm vlawmfawmfyJ pH=k uw,fu@GJ / uk, d o fh o d avmufajym&&if ovJbbæ”
Adv
k o f ef;a±$/ Adv k af rmifat;/ Adv k af ±$ref;/ Adv k pf ;kd 0if;eJ@ anmifEpS yf ifAv kd o f ed ;f pdeef @J “bk&ifawGacwfuawmh rif;nDrif;om;ayghu, G /f +y;D awmh ynm&Srd LS ;}u;D rwf
wuG olw@kd &J@uawmfawG/ Adv k o f ef;a±$&@J 00zdik zhf ikd o hf rD;awG&,f/ +y;D awmh Adv k o f ef; &mayg/h 'Daemuf ukeo f nf/ aemufwqifrh mS rS ppfrx _ rf;awGjzpfw,fu@GJ / 'ga=umifh
a±$&@J ajr;awmfol ‘pdeaf rsmufarsmuf’tygt0ifayghu, G æ f ” ppfrx _ rf;tvky[ f m todynmeJ@a&m/ t&Sut f a=umufe@J a&mrqdik yf J twdu k f
“[kwu f bhJ b/ pme,fZif;q&mawG&@J tjrif[m pl;&SveG ;f ygw,fbbæ” tcdu k ef @J towftjzwfu a&Sw › ef;a&mufaew,fu@JG æ”
“'gqkd tjrifEpS rf sK;d udck &GJ r,fu@GJ æ/ vlawG&@J jrifuiG ;f ’eJ@ ‘r*FvmypPn;f ’awG&@J “b,fvykd pJ ed af wGpx D m;ayrJh owd@k orD;oEWma±$a&m/ ol@troH;k a,mufa&m/
jrifuiG ;f awGyguG,æ f ” ±kyfawG trlt&mawGu eef;vnf;rqef/ yef;vnf;rqefyJ ‘jAKwfpjyJavsmif;’
(2) awGjzpfaew,fv@kd ajymae=uw,fbbæ”
“vlawG&J@jrifuGif;rSm wifhawmifhwifhw,fuawmh Adkvfarmifat;wdk@ ZeD; “tif;av/ 'D=um;xJrmS rS owd@k om; ‘Adv k rf LS ;òz;aZmf0if;’uawmh rqd;k ygbl;?
armifEyHS u J , G /f ZeD;armifEpHS um;pjrnfajymw,f/ trlt&mwnf=unfw,fæ” a,musFm;yDow,fr_wfvm;æ”
“a±$ref;/ pd;k 0if;eJ@ anmifEpS yf ifoef;pdew f @kd ua&mbbæ” “tjyifyef;uawmh bbjrifwt hJ wkid ;f ygbJ/ twGi;f uawmh owk@d om;&ifxJ
“a±$ref;trlt&mu rwnf+ird b f ;l / pd;k 0if;uawmh r*FvmvufpyG af vmufqif rSm rD;awmufaew,fwJhbb&J@æ”
ay;&w,fqakd wmh ajymp&mrawG@ygbl;? anmifEpS yf ifoed ;f pde;f uawmh i,fxyf “a[-[kwfvm;/ b,fvdkjzpfvdk@wkef;æ”
ajymifajymife@J wu,fu h t kd zd;k }u;D td±k yk af ygufaew,fæ” “vSn;f usKd;xrf;&w,fq+kd y;D tm;vH;k uajymae=uw,fbbæ”
“'gqdb k b/ Adv k o f ef;a±$e@J ol@orD;awGua&mæ” “'gqv kd J ‘ajrya'omyif’acwfu bku d av;wifah tmifwifqufwhJ aumvdyf
“tif;av/ 'dk@=opa=w;vsm;rSm ‘ywfx&pf&Sm[Gef;eJ@om;rsm;’/ ‘om*deJ@orD; *siaf e0if;/ 0g0g0if;a±$/ pde*f |e;f xGe;f a±$e@J oDwmcifaxG;wd@k yg0if=uwJh ‘om;a,muQ
rsm;’pum;vdjk zpfae+y?D OD;oef;a±$twGuu f awmh rde;f rom;awGcsnf;om warG; xD;’jyZwfvykd J oabmxm;zd@k &Sad wmhw,fu, G æ f ”
wnf;arG;aevd@k jrefrmawGajymovdk ‘r¾myfwikd ’f uG,af e+yaD yghæ”
“Adv k o f ef;a±$ro d m;pktay:rSm bbtjrifua&mæ”
“yk*rH if;qufrmS ‘OZebk&if’&J@om;awmf ‘rif;acG;acs;’(e&oD[yawh 617-
678)[m rdcifu ausmufqnfZmwd/ yef;yGwo
a±$vnf; ausmufqnfZmwdom;yJ/ rif;acG;acs;u yJaG wmfwnf&if [if;cGuaf ygi;f
f nf(td;k vkyo f )l jzpfw,f? Adv k o f ef; Ð etzwd‹k tEkjrL"gwaf ygi;f zdvk yk zf ‹dk twGuf
oH;k &meJ@wnfovdk orD;r*FvmyJrG mS Adv
pm;vdkufwm oHk;&mr&Sdawmif oHk;q,favmufawmh tomav;yJuGJ@æ”
“rif;acG;acs;uae Adv k o
k o f ef;a±$uvnf; a&cJrek @f awG wyJ+G y;D wyJG

f ef;a±$jzpfrvm;bl;vd@k b,foal jymrvJbbæ”


usyfajy;rS aròrd‹od‹k ajymif;a±$Œ
(3)
“Adv k o f ef;a±$&@J orD;/ owd@k orD;‘oEWma±$0wfpm;wmawGuakd wmh jrefrmjynf ysO;f rem;usyaf jy;t&yfonf ivsif +y;D tEkjrL"gwaf ygi;fzv kd yk zf @kd twGuf Adv k f
wGi;f rSm tawmfyv J al jymrsm;=uw,fbbæ” a=umESifhrvGwfonfh ae&ma'ojzpf csKyfrLS ;}u;D oef;a±$EiS hf xdyyf ikd ;f tm%m
“u&ifav;a&/ 'Dtcsufuakd wmh ud, k v f nf;jrefrmjynfoal wGe@J twl owd onf[k ynm&Sirf sm;u 0dik ;f 0ef;ajymqdk ydik w
f cs›Ko
d nf aròr@teD;&S/d topfwnf
xm;rdygw,fu, G æ f ? oEWma±$&@J wacgi;f vH;k rSmjynhaf ewJh pdeaf wG&,f/ vnf;yif;eJ@ aeonh=f um;rS tpk;d &±H;k pdu k &f mòr@awmf aqmufxm;aom aejynfawmf topf/
&ifywfqrD mS jynhaf ewJph ed af wG&,f/ =unf&h wmwrsKd;ygyJu, G æ f ” opf/ aejynfawmf[o k wfrw S +f y;D 0ef}u;D &wemyHo k @kd +y;D cJo
h nf'h ZD ifbm 4 &uf
“bbwd@k uom =unh&f wmwrsKd;jzpfaeayrJh etzacgif;aqmifAv kd of ef;a±$ ±H;k rsm;/ Xmeqdik &f m±H;k csKyfrsm;udk trde@f ae@wGif wdwfwqdwfajymif;a±$@ae
twGuu f awmh =unhaf umif;aerSmayghbb&J@æ” a=unmpmrsm;xkwfI ajymif;a±$@cdkif; a=umif;/ tEkjrLudpu P kd Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}u;D
“Edik if aH &;acwfwek ;f u Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifawG[m 'Dtcsuu f o
kd wdxm;=uyg onfrmS wESpaf usmu f mvtwGi;f yif&dS oef;a±$&@J w&m;r0if om;ruf jzpfol
w,f? rqvacwf Adv k af e0if;eJ@ Adv k pf ed ;f ,kw@kd orD;awGvufxyfwmawmif 'Dvkd ao;onf? awZqdo k ul wdu k ±f u kd pf pD Ofaea=umif;
rvky=f ubl;uG@J / ckawmh wdik ;f jynfupkwjf ywf/ vlawGuiwfjywfaecsed rf mS orD;udk ,ckwzef ‚tcsuu f t kd a=umif;jy tifwmeufowif;rsm;t& od& onf?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
24 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tiftwd
‹k txd
wmeuf aqmif;yg; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
bDbpD u D xkwv f i$ ahf ewJh ‘ar;ajzp 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234

uoduatmuftawG;rsm; (21)
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
&monfcsdecf g’wd@k ‘jrefrmhta&; urBmh 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
ta&;’wdk@rSm jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDta&; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
aqmif±u G o f l r[mynmausmf a'guf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
wmZmenf&@J toHukd r=umc%=um;& ud}k uD;ay:
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
avh&ydS gw,f? rdr, d =Hk unf&mvrf;pOft
ay:rSm cdik cf ikd jf rjJ raJ jymwwfwmudak wmh ygw,f? bmwJ-h “jrefrmjynfta&;[m
udk}uD;ay:av;pm;ygw,f? b,fol awG@qkaH qG;aEG;r_enf;eJ@ ajz&Si;f vd@k r&
}uKd u}f uKd u/f r}uKd u}f uKd uf ud, k }f uKd uf bl;/ wdik ;f oljynfom;awG&hJ use;f rma&;/
wmudk,fajymwmbmjzpfowkef;aemh? ynma&;/ tiwfab;awGudk tm;vkH;
udZk menf[m jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDay: 0dik ;f ajz&Si;f rSjzpfr,f/ a&G;aumufyaJG wG/
xGe;f a&;twGuf pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f @kd r_ukd v$wfawmfawGc%z,fxm;/ wu,f
xdxda&mufa&mufOD;aqmifcJholwOD; vdktyfaewJh vlxkjy\emudk vuf
tjzpf pifay:rSmxif&Sm;vmcJh+yD;/ rdrd awG@ususajz&Si;f rSomjzpfr,f” wJh?
vrf;a=umif;udk ‘*i,fauG@’ jyefauG@ [kwfuJh/ r[mynmausmfwOD;&Jh
oGm;oltjzpfvnf; ydx k if&mS ;olyg? rdef@qdkcsufqdkawmh av;av;pm;pm;
*i,fyJauG@auG@ yapmufyJauG@ rSwo f m;oifah ywmayg?h yxrpum;rSm
auG@ ud}k u;D ay:u bmrSrajymvdyk gb;l ? ygwJh jrefrmjynfrmS ynma&;/ usef;rm
vlwdkif;vlwdkif; udk,f,kH=unf&mudk,f a&;/ tiwfab;awGqu kd af &mufaewm
vkyEf ikd =f uwmyJ? udZk menfonfvnf; tm;vkH; od=uom;yJ?
jrefrmEdik if o H m;wa,mufjzpf+y;D jrefrm jrefrmjynf}uD;csrf;omaew,fvdk@ vkyfwmodyfaumif;w,f/ 'Dxufydk 'Dru
kd a&pDqw kd mvnf; jzpfxeG ;f vmr,f
jynfuckd spfv@kd / jrefrmjynf}u;D wd;k wuf b,forl rS ,lq=uygb;l ? 'gayr,fh jref aumif;atmif usaemfvnf;0dik ;f vkyaf y; vdk@ aqmf=oaeawmhæ/ [kwfuJh-ESpf
om,mapcsifvdk@ ajymqdkvkyfudkifae rmjynfut kd yk cf sKyaf ewJAh v
kd cf sKyrf if;rsm; yg&apæ”qdk+yD;rsm; oGm;vkyfrSmvm;/ q,fw h pf&mpkukd jzwfoef;ae&wJh ynm
wmvd@k ud}k u;D ay:u,k=H unfygw,f? r ae@pOfeJ@tr#ajymqdkaewmu olwdk@ ud}k u;D ay:awmh a0cJrG &Edik af tmifygyJ? ^m%fEeHk @J av&Smaom ud}k u;D ay:crsm r
csp&f if avukecf +H y;D b,fajymygv h aJ emf? vufxufrSm jrefrmjynf}uD; tzuf wdik ;f oljynfom;awG csr;f omvm/ y [mynmausm}f u;D &Jh &mpkveG o f t
D &kd u D kd
udkZmenfu jrefrmjynfudkcspfwm zufuwdk;wufaea=umif;/ b,fwkef; nmawGwwfvm&if EdkifiHwdk;wufvm em;rvnfrw d m cGiv hf w $ yf gcifAsm?
olrsm;xufawmif ydkvdrfhOD;r,fxifyg urSr&bl;wJh &vm'faumif;awG t r,f / wd k ; wuf v m&if pD ; yG m ;a&;t tJonfrmS ajymwJh awG@qkaH qG;aEG;r_
w,f? wu,f wu,f/ tlxt J onf; zufzufu&&Sdaea=umif;qdkwmcsnf;yJ aqmuftOD}u;D xGm;vmwJt h r# 'Dru kd enf;eJ@r&bl;qdw k mudak wmh ud}k u;D ay:
xJu vdu _ cf eJvu _d cf eJcspyf &Hk w,f? bm r[kwfvm;? +yD;awmh c%c%azmfjy a&pDtcGit hf a&;awGvnf; &&Sjd zpfxeG ;f u axmufcv H ukd cf sio f m;? bma=umifh
a=umifq h &kd if jrefrmjynfta=umif; ar; ae&wJh ausmif;wdk@/ aq;±kHwdk@pwJh pm vmr,fqw kd hJ oDt&kd [
D m urBmrSm ay:cJh vJ qdak wmh ud}k u;D ay:wd@k jrefrmawGu
=uajym=uwJt h cg ol@toHawGu wkef &if;Z,m;awGuvnf; axGjym;ovm; wm=umyg+y?D awG@qkaH qG;aEG;+y;D &if vufawG@qufr
vdkufcgvdkufeJ@ aigufceJaigufceJ &if rar;ygeJ@awmh? 'Dot D &kd [D m taemufOa&myEdik if H vky=f uawmhv@kd ygyJ?
acgif;xJuxGufxGufvmawmh/ 'gt tJovdk Adv k cf sKyrf if;awGu wd;k wuf awG&hJ ESpaf ygi;f &mcscD w hJ hJ ordik ;f jzpfpOfu Adv k of ef;a&$e@J a':pkw@kd awG@qkcH =hJ u
cspaf wGayguaf ygux f u G wf mvd@k ud}k u;D atmifjrifaeygw,fqdkwJh ynma&;/ wqifh xkwfEkwfxm;wmjzpfa=umif; ao;wmyJ? teftv J 'f aD cgif;aqmifawG
ay:awmhxifwmyJ? usef;rma&;udpPawGudk udkZmenfu tm;vk;H od=uygw,f? vnf;yg&J@? tJ-awG@qkHwmyJ&SdcJhw,f
olajymwmawGursm;awmh tukef “cifAsm;wdk@vkyfaewm ae&rusao; tckvnf;yJ udZk menfu 'Dot D &kd u D kd av? bmrSqufrvkyjf zpf=ubl;? Adv k f
vkH;awmhvnf;rSwfrxm;rdygbl;? t"d bl;/ usKyfw@kd vkyaf y;r,fæ” qd+k y;D rsm; tajccH+y;D ynma&;/ use;f rma&;/ pD;yGm; cif!eG @f eJ@Adv
k jf reJ@ awG@qkcH =hJ uwmyJ? t
uuswmav; ESpcf sufavmufyrJ w S rf d oGm;vkyrf mS vm;/ 'grrS [kwf “cifAsm;wd@k a&;udk t&ifvyk =f u/ 'gawG zG@H +zKd ;vm&if ypftcwf&yfz@kd oabmwlcw hJ myJ? a[m
tckysufomG ;+y?D
t&ift h &ifuvnf; 63 +ird ;f csr;f a&;
aqG;aEG;yGw J @kd / 69 jynfwiG ;f nD!w G af &;
t=uaH y;wd@k / 80 aqG;aEG;yGw J @kd vkycf =hJ u
wmygyJ? wcgrSatmifjrifw,f&,fv@kd
r&Scd yhJ gbl;? wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f
tzG@J awGe@J +ird ;f csr;f a&;,lw,fq+kd y;D w
a,mufudkwa,muf rsufvkH;a'guf
axmuf=unfah e=u&wJh qwfqwfxd
rcHEdkifwJh tajctaeqdkwm tm;vkH;od
ae=uom;yJ?
tif;æ ajym=upwrf;qd&k if ud}k u;D
ay:wdk@jrefrmawGrSm aqG;aEG;tajz&Sm
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
25 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
twd‹k txd Edik if w
H umowif;rsm;
wJ"h avhu tawmfu h ekd nf;ao;wmu
vm;? 'Dawmh w}udrfwcg awG@qkHaqG;
aEG;w,fq±dk aHk vmufe@J awmh jrefrmjynf
awG@&if bmvkyfrvdk@vJæ”
“[m-tudk&/ usaemfeJ@awG@&if
tm;vkH;aumif;oGm;rSm/ usaemfeJ@awG@
Ð*syefEikd if /H emrnfausmfoal X;wOD;jzpfol 'Horie'
ta&; at;csrf;r,frxifygbl;?
awG@qkHaqG;aEG;r_awG t}udrf}udrf
vkd@ usaemf&iS f;jyvdku&f if tm;vk;H +idr;f
+ird ;f csrf;csrf;jzpfomG ;rSmæ” .tr_tm; 'DZifbm 3 &ufae‹wiG f xyfrpH pfaq;
jzpfygap/ oabmwlnrD a_ wG rsm;rsm;& tJovdk pum;ajym+y;D awmh OuUÏ
'Livedoor'uky%
R yD ikd &f iS af [mif;jzpfol
ygap/ wlwt hJ wdik ;f vufawG@vkyEf ikd =f u u usew f w hJ m0ef&odS al wGuakd jymw,f?
'Horie'tm; w&m;pGq
J x
kd m;wJt
h r_ukd 'D
ygapvd@k yJ ud}k u;D ay:u qkawmif;csiyf g “a[h-oljyefzdk@udpPudk jrefjrefqef
awmhw,f? qef v k y f = ua[h / tajctaeod y f r Zifbm 3 &ufae@rSm qufvufppfaq;
a=omfæ udkZmenfu ajymao; aumif;bl;æ” wJh? cJyh gw,f?
w,f/ “wd k i f ; jynf a umif ; pm;a&;t tJvekd @J jyefcgeD; ESp&f ufavmuft ‚u tqdyk gtr_twGuf xGuq f kd
wGuf wu,fvyk af y;csifv@kd Akv d cf sKyf vdkrSm oleJ@udk}uD;ay:eJ@ xrif;pm;0dkif; &m rSm ,ckpGJqdkcHxm;&wJhtr_eJ@ywf
awGe@J oGm;pum;ajymwmæ”wJ?h [kwf wckrmS qkrH jd zpf=uw,f? olu ud}k u;D ouf+yD; olrSmtjypfr&Sda=umif;eJ@ ol@
'Livedoor'uky%
R yD ik d &f iS af [mif;'Horie'
uJh/ tJonfhpum;=um;&awmh tjzpf ay:ab;rSm? xrif;pm;+yD;vdk@ pum;p vufatmufrSmvkyfudkifaeolrsm;u
ol@tm; tr_e@J ywfouf+y;D wm0ef&o dS l owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJjG yKvkyaf epOf
tysufav;wckukd ajy;owd&rd&?hJ jrnfajymaecsderf mS olu ol@tdwx f u J
udk}uD;ay:wdk@udk&D;,m;rSm jrefrm aoG;aq;Al;av;awGxw k /f zefcu G x f u J kd wa,muftjzpf pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;jyK ol@vufatmufrmS vkyu f ikd cf o
hJ l aiG
rd w f a qG w OD ; [m tvk y f v k y f v d k u f aoG;aq;okH;rsdK;avmufa&mxnfh/ a& vkyu f m pGypf cJG jH cif;omjzpfa=umif; xGuf a=u;qdik &f mrefae*sma[mif;jzpfo'l Ryoji
qdck yhJ gw,f? Miyauchi'uawmh tr_eJ@ywfouf+yD;
aomufvu kd pf m;vku d ef @J aevmwm ESpf av;enf;enf;xnf/h ZGe;f uav;eJ@ ar$+y;D
twef=umawmh usef;rma&;csKd@,Gif; awmh aomufzdk@jyifqifw,f? udk}uD; ol@taeeJ@ ,ckvdkxGufqdkcJhr_[m tjypf&adS =umif; 0efccH +hJ y;D jzpfygw,f?
vmw,f? ay:u bmjzpfvdk@vJ aeraumif;vdk@ 'Livedoor.Co'uky% R &D @J tqdyk gtr_ p rnfo@kd yifjzpfap ol@.tr_tm; vm
'geJ@ ol@oli,fcsif;awGu “rif; vm;vdk@ar;awmh- wifjzpfymG ;cJph Of 2006 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&Dv rJh 2007 ck/ ESpq f ef;ydik ;f rSm qufvuf
aq;av;bmav;uk/ +yD;&iftdrfjyef “usaemfu jrefrmjynfjyefawmhrmS / uwnf;u jzpfygw,f? ppfaq;bd@k csde;f qdxk m;vsuf&ydS gw,f?
awmhæ”vdk@ wdkufwGef;=uw,f? ol ud&k ;D ,m;eJ@ jrefrmjynfqw kd mu &moDO
aq;ukz@kd eJ@ jyefz@kd udpu
uulnaD y;w,f? ol@udk taqmifrmS
P kd jrefrmtoif; wka&m tpm;taomufa&m rwlbl;
av? 'Dawmh tdrjf yefa&mufv@kd jrefrm
ÐruUqu D v
kd w
$ fawmfwiG f xd;k }udwf=uonfth xd
ac:xm;+y;D aq;ukay;aewke;f / w&uf
rSmawmh toif;OuUÏvkyo f el @J pum;
jynfu tpm;taomufawGpm;vdkuf
&if Adu k ef mAdu k af tmifjh zpfrmS pd;k vd@k cku
&efyGJrsm;jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;//
vufqu Hk sjzpf=uw,f? wnf;u aq;}uKd aomufxm;wm”wJ?h vGecf w hJ hJ *sLvdik v
f twGi;f u ruUqD
“rif; tvkyftm;aeawmh bmawG “'gqv kd J aoG;aq;wrsKd ;aomufayg/h udEk ikd if rH mS a±G;aumufy+JG y;D qHck +hJ y;D aemuf
vkyfwkef;uGæ” bmvd k @ ok H ; av;rsd K ;pyf a omuf w m tar&duefEdkifiHwGifjzpfyGm;cJhbl;ovdk
“[m-usaemf ud&k ;D ,m;rSm ae&m vJæ” vd@k ud}k u;D ay:uxyfar;awmh- a±G;aumufyrJG mS &&Scd w hJ hJ rJta&twGuf
tESH@av#mufoGm;w,fæ” “wrsdK;wnf;qd&k if pdwrf csvd@k / ok;H [m +yKid b f ufEpS Of ;D pvH;k twlwel ;D yg;&&Sd omeJ@tEdik &f oltjzpf twnfjyKa=ujim
“b,fawGa&mufwkef;uGæ” av;rsKd ;pyfaomufwmAsæ”vd@k jyefajz cJw
h t hJ wGuf tEdik &f olukd a&G;cs,fb@kd cJyh gw,f? ±_;H edrchf &hJ olrmS 'Democratic
“tpkHyJtudk&/ jrefrmoH±kH;vnf; ygw,f? ud}k u;D ay:vnf; tvdu k w f od tvGecf ufcw J hJ a&G;aumufyw JG ckjzpfchJ Re volution Party'(PRD) ygwD r S
a&mufw,fæ” wdwfwdwfav; aevdkuf&ygw,f? &ovd/k ordik ;f 0ifjzpf&yfwcktjzpfvnf; 'Manuel Lopez'bJjzpfygw,f?
“a[-oH±kH;bmoGm;vkyfwkef;uG” a=omf- 'geJ@ udZk menfvnf; ‘tm; rSww f rf;0ifc&hJ ygw,f? tEdkif&&SdcJhwJh National Action
“usaemf ta&;}uD;wJhudpP&Sdvkd@ vk;H aumif;oGm;zd@k twGu’f jrefrmjynf 'gayrJh aemufq;kH rSm a±G;aumufyJG Party(PAN) rS 'Felipe Calderon'udk
oGm;wmAsæ” oGm;r,fq&kd if aoG;aq; ok;H rsKd ;avmuf aumfr&Sirf S rJrsm;udk jyefvnfppD pf+y;D wJh orwtjzpf &mxl;v$t J yfb@kd 2 &uft
“vkypf rf;ygO;D uGm/ bmrsm;ta&;}u;D awmh pyfaomufomG ;zd@k rarhe@J vd@k o aemuf National Action Party(PAN)rS vdk Edk0ifbm 30 &ufae@rSm v$wfawmf
wmvJ/ igwkd@vnf;ajymjyygOD;æ” wday;vdu k =f uygAsm?Ò 'Felipe Calderon'tm;/ 1 &mcdkifE_H;t
twGi;f tajctwifpum;rsm;=u&mu
“ta&;}u;D w,fAs/ tck jrefrmjynf
+yKd ib
f ufEpS b f ufrS uGe*f &uftrwfrsm;
tajctaeu aumif;wmr[kwb
a=umifh usaemfoGm;wm”
f ;l / 'g
tifwmeufay:wGifvnf; zwf±_Edkifyg+yD xd;k }uwd =f uwJt h xd jy\em}u;D rm;cJ&h
+y;D tqdyk gae@rSmbJ Democratic Revo-
“at;-ajymygOD;uGæ”
rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f ukd rf S OD;pD;xkwaf 0aeaom lution Party(PRD)ygwDrS 'Manuel
“wdik ;f jynfu tajctaeraumif;
Lopez'tm; axmufco H rl sm;&J@ +rKd @wGi;f
bl;tud&k / tJ'g-usaemf OD;ae0if;&,f/ ‘rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,f’tygt0if/
qENjyr_rsm;vnf; jzpfymG ;cJyh gw,f?
OD;oef;a&$&,f/ OD;cif!eG @f &,f/ OD;wifO;D awmifu;kd &D;,m;Edik if x
H wk f ‘axmifpjk ywif;owif;*sme,f’/ rnf o d k @ yif j zpf a p tEd k i f & &S d c J h w J h
&,f/ a':pk&,f/ tJonfhig;a,mufeJ@ tar&duefEikd if x H wk f ‘yGio hf pf*sme,f’wdk@udk 'Felipe Calderon'uawmh 'DZifbm 1
awG@zdk@vdk@/ usaemfhudk awG@zdk@pDpOfay;
ygvdk@ oH±kH;udkoGm;ajymwmæ”
atmufygvyd pf mwGif zwf±E_ ikd yf ga=umif; &ufae@u ruUqu D Ekd ikd if &H @J orwt
opftjzpf orw&mxl;udk vufc&H &Sd
“a=omf-rif;u olw@kd ig;a,mufe@J http://www.moethaukkye.com
twnfjyKEdik cf +hJ yjD zpfygw,f?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
26 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufaqmif;yg;aoG;opf pmoifausmif;twGuf axmufyrhH p+ m&if;

xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf&Sd cav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_ yaysmufa&;ae‹


tcrf;tem; xdik ;f Edik if YH usif;y
aoG;opfpmoifausmif;twGuf xd k i f ; -jref r me,f p yf w

ysKd;yifpdkufysKd;vdkolrsm;odk‹ av#muf&Sd uav;ul;oef;


a&mif;0,fr_ wae@wjcm; ydrk kd
rsm;jym;vmojzif h tzJ G @ t
xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfa'o/ aemufbmG ;±GmwGi&f o dS nfh ‘aoG;opf’pmoif pnf;tm;vHk;ESifh jrefrma±$@
ausmif;av;onf rnfonft h ultnDaxmufyrhH u _ rkd rS &&db
S J a0;vHaom ajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm; ynm
a'owGif wnf&aSd e+y;D ,cktcg jrefrmEdik if rH xS u
G af jy;vmolrsm; ydrk rkd sm;jym; a&;aumfrwDwdk@OD;pD;I ‘pm
vmojzifh uav;i,frsm;rSm ydI k ydI
k wd;k vmaoma=umifh tcuftcJrsm;/ olav;’txufausmif;wGif
'kurQ sm;ajz&Si;f &eftwGuf oift
h ultnDuv kd nf; vdt k yfaeygonf? 'DZifbm 12 &ufae@u usi;f
yjyKvyk cf =hJ uonf?
tqdyk gtcrf;tem;udk tef*sDtt kd zJ@G tpnf;rsm;tygt0if {nhyf &dowf 500
ausmf wufa&mufvm=u+y;D jrefrma±$@ajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm; ynma&;aumfrwD
tzJ@G rS ausmif;usef;rma&;wm0efcH q&mapmaeOD;u “jrefrmEdik if o H m;awG[m
pm;0wfaea&;tusyftwnf;rsm;a=umifh xkdif;-jrefrme,fpyfwav#mufrSm
uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_ wae@wjcm; ydrk rkd sm;jym;vmaewmudak wG@&w,f?
'Duav;awGukd jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifw,f? rdbawGukd rufv;kH ay;+y;D tvkyf
oifah iG 2000 ,ef;onf cav;i,fwOD;. aumif;aumif;&r,fq+kd y;D awmh uav;awGuakd c:oGm;w,f? aemufawmh jynhf
wefqmvkycf ikd ;f w,f? uav;jynfw h efqmtjyif trsKd;om;jynhw f efqmvkycf ikd ;f
wvpmausmif;pm;&dwjf zpfygojzifh wmvnf;&Sw d ,f? wcsKdK@uav;awGusawmh olawmif;pm;vkycf ikd ;f w,f? wae@
ynm'ge ukov
kd ðf yvdyk gu- b,favmufEe_ ;f &atmifawmif;&r,f? r&&if ESyd pf ufni‡ ;f yef;r_awGc&H w,f? 'g
awGuae uif;vGwaf tmif/ 'Dvt kd jzpfrsKd;awGe@J r=uKH &atmiftwGuf uav;b0
udak usmfvi_d af t;šrcifE, G 0f if;- 080 3382 7724/ om,m+y;D &oif&h xku d w f t
hJ cGit
hf a&;awG&&S+d y;D a&Sa› &;aumif;ap&ef&nf±, G cf suf
eJ@ 'Dtcrf;tem;udu k sif;y&wmjzpfw,fæ”[k ajymonf?
udak usmfausmfEikd -f 090 4924 2906/
Edik if w H umrSmvnf; uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_ wdwu d susyaysmufz@kd twGuf
udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed -f 090 4128 4725/ rdb/ q&m yl;aygif;vkyaf qmifomG ;zd@k vdak =umif;udv k nf; vl@tcGit hf a&;ynmay;
r0if;0if;at;- 090 4028 3476/ Xme(jrefrmEdik if )H rJaqmufa'o vufaxmufwm0efcH reef;rlu “uav;qdw k m
t&rf;Eke,fw,f? +y;D awmh olw@kd b0udk olw@kd rxde;f ausmif;Edik af o;wJt h wGuf
Edk0iifb
f mvtwGuf ysKd;yi
yifp
f u
kd y
f sKd;=uolrsm; rdbawGrmS vJ wm0ef&o dS vk/d q&m§r awGrmS vnf; wm0ef&w dS ,f? uav;awG
ud, k w f ikd u f vnf; ynma&;rSm pdw0f ifpm;vmatmif 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;zk@d
,ef; 1˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- udkomEdk;xGef; wm0ef&w dS ,fæ”[k ajymonf?
ukvor*~uav;rsm;&efyHkaiGtzGJ@(UNICEF)ESifh EdkifiHwum tvkyform;
,ef; 2˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- rvJv h 0hJ if;/ udpk ;kd wif/h raqG/ ausm0f À/ ,Ofaroef;/
tzJ@G csKy(f ILO)wd@k . 2005 ck tpD&ifcpH mrsm;t& urBmay:wGif ESppf Of uav;
armifaomif;xdu k šf rprf;jrifEh ,
G /f udok ef;Edik šf rcifjrwfo/l apwem&SiZf eD;armifE/HS
1³2 oef;cef@ a&mif;0,fcaH e&onf[k yg&So d nf? ta&Sa› wmiftm&SY ESppf Of trsKd;
udrk sKd;Edik šf rrd;k oDwm/ udw k ifxËG jf rifh
orD;ESiu hf av;i,f 2 ode;f rS 2 ode;f 5 aomif;ausmftxd a&mif;0,fcaH e&+y;D
,ef; 3˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- ausmaf usmEf ikd /f pd;k 0if;&Sed /f r0if;0if;at;/ armifoef@/ tqd;k qH;k ae&mrSm jrefrm/ xdik ;f / vmtd/k Ad,uferf/ w±kwEf ikd if w H @kd xd pyfaeaom
ausmfvi_d af t;/ rcifE,
G 0f if;/ atmifp;kd rd;k / udpk ed o
f ef;šrpef;pef;xGe;f rJacgifjrpf0rS ;f a'ojzpfonf[k azmfjyxm;onf?(acwfòyifEiS 'hf AD b GD rD )S

Ed0k ifbmvaumufc&H &Sad iG 38˜000(oH;k aomif;&Spaf xmif,ef;wdw)d wHqyd af cgif;zd;k ay;ygu tdrw
f ikd &f ma&mufy‹kd ay;ygrnf
atmufwb
kd mvvufusefaiG 254˜000(ESpq
f ,fih g;aomif;av;axmif,ef;) rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw
h u
dk u
f OD;pD;xkwaf 0aeaom
pkpak ygif; 296˜000(ESpq
f ,fu
h ;kd aomif;ajcmufaxmif,ef;wdw)d rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,fukd vpOfyrkH eS rf mS ,lzwf±v
_ ykd gu-
aoG;opfausmif;od@k Ed0k ifbmvtwGuf yHrk eS af y;yd@k vSLwef;aiG *syefjynfwiG ;f - wv 200 ,ef;( 5 vpm ,ef; 1000)
30˜000(oH;k aomif;,ef;wdw)d (04-12-2006 wGiaf y;yd@k cJyh gonf)
wjcm;Edik if rH sm;- wv 2 a':vm( 5 vpm 10 a':vm)
Ed0k ifbmvvufusefaiG 266˜000(ESpq
f ,fah jcmufaomif;ajcmufaxmif,ef;) (pmwdu
k rf aS iGxnfyh @kd rnfqykd gu taºursm;xnfyh @kd Ir&yg)
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
27 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
wdw
k x
kd mG xGmowif;rsm;
befaumufetzoH±;kH rS t&m&Sw
d OD; xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smif tm&SpcH sed rf rSID jrefrmòydiyf 0GJ ifxuf0ufavsm/h tm;upm;rsK;d qufjywfz,
G &f dS
xdik ;f Edik if H befaumufòr@ etzoH±;kH rS wwd,twGi;f 0ef a':jrjraxG;onf 'DZifbmv 1 &ufrS 15 &ufxd umwmEdik if /H 'k[ d mòr@wGiu
f si;f yrnhf (15)}urd f
Ed0k ifbm 17 &ufae@uwnf;u ±H;k rwufbJ xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&SmifomG ;a=umif; ajrmuf tm&Stm;upm;òyifyJGwGif jrefrmEdkifiHrS pHcsdefrDStm;upm;orm;rsm;r&Sd
tqdyk gowif;&yfuu G u f ajymonf? ADZmXmerSmtvkyv f yk w
f hJ tqdyk gtrsK;d orD;ESihf awmhojzifh ,cift}urd u f xuf 2 qavsmhcsrnfjzpfa=umif;od&onf?
twl cifyeG o f nfO;D nDneD @J rdom; pko;kH OD;pvH;k aysmufq;kH aecJwh mjzpf+y;D 24 &ufae@ tqdyk gòyifywGJ iG f Edik if aH ygi;f 45 Edik if rH S tm;upm;orm;aygi;f 10˜000 ausmu f
u jrefrmjynfujkd yefomG ;&rSmjzpfayrJh wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOftwGi;f t*wdvu kd f tm;upm; enf; 39 rsKd;wGif 0if
pm;r_ t±_yt f &Si;f udprP sm;a=umifh rjyefbJ tckvx kd u
G af jy;jcif;jzpfonf?('DAb GD )D a&muf,OS òf yifrnfjzpf+y;D jrefrm
EdkifiHudk,fpm; tm;upm;orm;
SSA(ajrmufyikd ;f )rS &Jabmfa[mif;wOD; ppfa-uma&;pcef;twGi;f YaoqH;k 40 OD;ap v$wu f m jrm;ypf/ bdvd
&Sr;f jynfajrmufyikd ;f / eef@crf;òr@e,f/ uGe[
f ikd ;f ±GmrSmjzpfymG ;cJw
h hJ SSA(ajrmufyikd ;f ) ,uf/ ydu k af usmjf cif;/ aoewfypf/
tzJ@G eJ@ a'ocH&w J yfz@GJ wd@k t=um; ypfcwfre_ @J ywfouf+y;D zrf;qD;cH&wJh SSA(ajrmuf t av;r/ 0l±;_ ESihf ±Guaf vSponhf
ydik ;f ) &Jabmfa[mif;wOD; Ed0k ifbm 23 &ufae@u ppfa=uma&;pcef;rSmaoqH;k oGm; tm;upm;enf; 7 rsKd;wGifom
a=umif;/ aoqH;k ol[m aemifraH us;±GmrS touf 45 ESp&f dS ‘&Jabmfxrftu kd (f c) 0ifa&muf,OS òf yifawmhrnfjzpfa=umif; od&onf? tdref ;D csi;f xdik ;f Edik if u H tm;upm;
armifxeG ;f ’jzpfa=umif; erfch rf;a'ocHawG&@J ajymjycsuft&od&ygw,f? ('DAb GD )D orm;aygif; 400 ausmf apv$w, f OS òf yifonf?(acwfòyif)

urBmt
h usiyhf suq
f ;kH Edik if rH sm;wGif jrefrmyg0if
iSuzf sm;ESihf at'fpaf &m*grsm;twGuf *syefu a':vmESpo
f ef;ulnrD nf jrefrm/ a[wDEiS hf tD&wfEikd if rH sm;onf urBmay:wGif tusit hf ysuq
f ;kH / vmbf
jrefrmEdik if t
H wGi;f jzpfymG ;aeonhf iSuzf sm;a&m*gEiS hf at'fp(f ud, k cf t
H m;usqif; ay;vmbf,t l rsm;qH;k Edik if oH ;kH ckjzpfonf[k Transparency International. ESppf Of
r_)a&m*grsm;udw k ukd zf suf&eftwGuf ukvor*~. ,leq D uftzG@J (UNICEF)od@k xkwjf yefaom t!$e;f wGiaf zmfjyxm;onf? tusiyhf suaf omEdik if rH sm;onf qif;&J
*syefu tar&duefa':vm 2³65 oef; tultnDay;rnf[k jrefrmEdik if &H dS *syefo±H ;kH aomEdik if rH sm;jzpfaeonf[ak xmufjyum urBmay:wGif ESppf Ofa':vmukaËwode;f
uajym=um;onf? oabmwlncD supf mcsKyu f kd ,leq
D ufu, kd pf m;vS,ef @J *syefot H onf vmbfay;vmbf,u l pd YP qH;k ±_;H aeonf[q
k okd nf?({&m0wD)
rwf}u;D wd@k vufrw S af &;xd;k =uonf?
*syefonf jrefrmEdik if t H m; tultnDtrsm;qH;k ay;aeonhEf ikd if jH zpfonf? 1988 pwm;vH;k Zmwfum;twGuf jrefrmo±kyaf qmifrsm;tvd&k dS
ckEpS f ppfwyftm%modr;f onhaf emufwiG f t"dupDru H ed ;f rsm;twGuf tultnD In the Serpent's Eye‘opPmrJo h &l @J rsufv;kH xJrmS ’vd@k t"dym` ,f&wJh urBmausmf
rsm;udk &yfqikd ;f cJo h nf? od@k aomf use;f rma&;/ ynma&;ponhf tajccHvx l qk ikd &f m &rfb±kd yk &f iS rf if;om; Silvester Stalloneud, k w
f ikd f ±du k uf ;l / xkwv f yk /f o±kyaf qmifrhJ
pDru H ed ;f rsm;twGuf tultnDuq dk ufay;cJoh nf?({&m0wD) Zmwfum;opftwGuf jrefrmo±kyaf qmifawGtvd&k adS =umif; a[mvd0'k ±f yk &f iS t f Ek
ynm0ufqu kd w f ckjzpwJh www. redbirdstudio.comrSm a=unmxm;ygw,f?
jrefrmudk ukvor*~u jypfwif±‹H+ cs/ 'D§csKyfu}udKqdak xmufcH Zmwfvrf;tusO;f uawmh rif;om;pwm;vH;k [m xkid ;f Edik if u H awmeufawGxJ
ukvor*~.aumfrwDwcku jrefrmetz. ‘tusOf;±k;H w&m;pD&ifjcif;/ n‡i;f rSm a¹rzrf;olwOD;tjzpf tvkyv f yk af epOf ypdzw d cf &pf,mefomoemjyKtzJ@G udk
yef;ESyd pf ufjcif;/ t"rRvyk t f m;ay;apcdik ;f jcif;/ vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt=urf;zufjcif;/ umuG,af pmifah &Smufz@kd iSm;&rf;cH&ygw,f? tJ'o D moemjyKtzJ@G [m jrefrmetz
uav;ppfom;rsm;pkaqmif;toH;k csjcif;’ponfh vl@tcGit hf a&;csK;d azmufrr_ sm;t ppfwyf&@J xd;k ppfawGa=umifh awmeufawGxJ xGuaf jy;yke;f a&SmifaewJh u&if'u k Q
wGuf jypfwif±@H_ csonfq h ;kH jzwfcsuwf &yfukd axmufcrH J 70/ uef@uGurf J 28 rJEiS hf onfawGukd aq;0g;eJ@ tpm;tpmawG ulnaD y;aewmjzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh olw@kd
rJay;&efysufuu G rf J 63 rJjzpf ta&;,laqmif±u G &f ef twnfjyKvdu k o
f nf? tzJ@G udk jrefrmppfwyfu zrf;qD;owfjzwfwmawGvyk af ewJt h wGuf rif;om;pwm;
u&ifjynfe,fEiS hf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;a'orsm;wGif etzwyfrsm;u twif;xd;k vH;k u u,fq,fay;&rJZh wfvrf;jzpf+y;D tqdyk gZwfum;twGuf etzppfom;tjzpf
ppfqifjcif;/ ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;/ tefvt f ,f o±kyaf qmifvo kd l jrefrmvlrsKd;awGav#mufxm;Edik w f ,fv@dk qdyk gw,f? av#muf
'DygwaD cgi;f aqmifrsm;tygt0if/ wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ Edik if aH &;tusO;f om; xm;ol[m touf 32 ESpu f ae 40 t=um;jzpf+y;D ESpv f zkd ,
G rf &Sw
d hJ rsuEf mS trlt
rsm;udk Oya'rJzh rf;qD;xm;jcif;ponht f csufrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf? &mrsK;d jzpf&r,fv@kd vJ azmfjyxm;ygw,f? www.actorsaccess.comtifwmeufpm
,ckuo hJ @kd ukvor*~.qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyu f óuqdk rsufEmS rSm ud, k w f ikd rf w
S yf wkH if+y;D av#mufxm;Edik af =umif;vnf; rif;om;pwm;
axmufcaH =umif; txl;a=ujimcsuw f apmifxw k jf yefxm;onf?({&m0wD§'DAb GD )D vH;k &J@ ±ky&f iS u f rk % ` u D a=unmxm;ygw,f?('DAb GD )D

jrefrmjynfwiG v
f il ,f 2 &mcdik Ef e+ ;f ausmf HIVul;pufae aq;a&mifpt
kH rnf&dS t_idrAhf pD 'D aD cGtydwcf &H
jrefrmEdik if YH HIVyd;k ul;pufjyef@yGm;r_avsmu h somG ;aomfvnf; vuf&adS &m*gy;kd ul; 'g±u
kd w f mvl±i$ af wmfa*:ZDvm±du k u f ;l onfh ‘aq;a&mifp’kH trnf&dS t+ird Ahf pD 'D aD cG
pufcaH e&olta&twGurf mS pd;k &drpf &maumif;aeqJjzpfonf[k urBmu h v
k or*~ wGif vl±i$ af wmfrsm;.ysuv f ;kH rsm;onf Edik if aH wmfux kd cd u
kd o
f nf[al omta=umif;
(UNAIDS)tzJ@G . tpD&ifcpH mwGif azmfjyonf? jycsufjzifh ydwyf ifc&H a=umif;od&onf?
etz.ude;f *%ef;t& jrefrmEdik if w H iG f HIVa&m*gyd;k ul;pufc&H ol 361˜000 tqdyk gacGukd 0g&ifv h ±l i$ af wmfrsm;jzpf=uonfh t±dik ;f / uif;aumif/ yd;k jzL/ iSuaf ysmf
cef@ &Sad eqJjzpfI pd;k &dr&f zG,jf zpf+y;D t±G,af &mufol 100 vsif 1³3 OD;E_e;f / HIVyd;k ul; a=umf/ anmifanmifEiS ahf *:ZDvmwd@k u rsK;d qufopfv±l i$ af wmfrsm;jzpfonhf pdeo f ;D /
pufcaH e&um touf 15 ESprf S 24 ESp=f um; vli,f 100 v#if 2³2 OD;E_e;f HIVyd;k yef;oD;/ ZD;oD;ESi=hf u,fo;D wd@k tm; tEkynmvufqifu h rf;tpDtpOfjzifh ±duk uf ;l xm;
&Sad eonf[k tpD&ifcpH muqdo k nf? jcif;jzpf+y;D ‚acGxw J iG f v#ypf pfr;D / acwfraD q;±H/k jrefrmEdik if aH bmvH;k toif;/ jrefrmh
a&m*gy;kd &So d wl ;kd yGm;vm&jcif;rSm roef@&Si;f onfah q;xd;k tyfrsm;oH;k pJrG /_ rl;,pf ±kyjf rifo=H um;owif;wd@k udk ysuv f ;kH xkwx f m;onft
h acGjzpfonf? arvtwGi;f u
aq;0g;oH;k pJrG /_ jynfw h efqmrsm;ESit hf umtuG,rf v hJ id q
f ufqrH /_ a,musmF ;csi;f t
vnf; Zm*emESiahf usm[ f ed ;f wd@k yg0ifo±kyx f m;aom ‘rD;jcpf’/ ’onf;rcHEikd af wmhb;l ’/
umtuG,rf v hJ id q
f ufqrH w _ @kd a=umifjh zpfonf[v k nf; azmfjyxm;onf?(acwfòyif) ‘&Sm&Sn=f uolrsm;’ponhAf pD 'D aD cGrsm;vnf; ydwyf ifjcif;cHxm;&onf? ({&m0wD)
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
28 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufaqmif;yg; tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

EdkifiaH &;wap>a-umufolrsm;
(OwW&rGef;)
rd;k rctufwmeufrS

“Edik if aH &;qdo
k nfrmS tjrifw
h iG &f o
dS nfvnf;r[kw/f tedrw hf iG &f o
dS nfvnf;r[kw/f rsuv f n
S v
hf nf;r[kw/f aA'ifa[mjcif;vnf;r[kw/f t*~&d wfynmvnf;
r[kw/f roGm;tyfaom tEœ&m,f¹yef;onfeh ,fajrvnf;r[kw/f ud, k u
hf , kd uf t kd xif}u;D ae&onfh trsK;d om;a&;udpv P nf;r[kw/f Edik if aH &;onf tpOfojzifh
wd;k wufjzpfay:aeaom jzpf&yfrsm;ESiu hf u
kd n
f &D rnf? twdck sKyaf jym&v#if Edik if aH &;qdo k nfrmS ‘vlw@kd .b0’yifjzpfonf? a&S;ya0%Duyif t&pPww kd ,fvf
ajymcJoh vdk vlonfyif Edik if aH &;owW0g jzpfaoma=umifyh if vlw@kd . pm;a&;/ tdyaf &;/ aea&;/ tvkyv f yk af &;onfyif Ekid if aH &;jzpfonf”
Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;
(bm;rm;csJvifch sfr)S

r=umcifuyJ u,fvzD ;kd eD;,m;jynfe,f/ z&D;armif+h rKd @rSm rd;k rc&J@ 3 ESpaf jrmuf rSwfrdao;w,f/ wcgu pmtkyfqdkifwpfck&JΠr*~Zif;awGxm;wJhpifay:rSm
rdwq f ykH u GJ si;f ycJyh gw,f? pmaycspo f rl sm; pmay0goem&Sirf sm;udv k nf; zdw=f um;cJh tm&Spma&;q&mawG 0ifa&mufa&;om;=uwJh r*~Zif;wpfapmifuakd wG@awmh 0rf;
wma=umifh usaemfvnf;oGm;cJyh gw,f? vl 30 avmufe@J 0dik ;f usJusJqakd yr,fh omtm;&eJ@ vSe=f unfrh w d ,f? Ak'b < momeJ@ywfoufw,fqakd wmh jrefrmjynfu
tvGet f ESpo f m&jynfph w kH hJ pmayrdwaf qGawG aqG;aEG;zvS,&f if;ED;S pGm qHak wG@cJw h yhJ GJ aqmif;yg;&Sirf sm;ygavrvm;vd@k &Sm=unfyh gw,f? ‘xdik ;f / AD,uferf/ puFmyl/ oD&d
wckyg? &ifcek pf &mydak umif;wmu jrefrmpmayavmurSm emrnfausmv f o l rd sm;wJh vuFm’pwJEh ikd if aH wGu pma&;olawGomyg+y;D jrefrmEdik if u H rawG@&ygb;l ? wcgw
q&marmifprG ;f &nf / q&mwifr;kd eJ@ pdu k yf sKd;a&;wuUov kd af usmif;tky}f u;D (t+ird ;f av ta=umif;t&m wckcek @J ywfouf+y;D tuQ&mtpDpOfvu kd pf x D m;wJh Edik if tH oD;
pm;)q&mqvdik ;f xGe;f oef;wd@k yg0ifcjhJ cif;ygyJ? oD;&J@ pm&if;ud=k unf&h if Burmaqdw k mvnf;rawG@&æ/ Myanmarudv k nf;&Smr&æ
yJ+G y;D awmh pmayrdwaf qGawGe@J aysm±f i$ pf mG qHak wG@cJ&h wmudk awG;awm&if; tdrf pdwx f rJ mS wrsKd;}u;D cHpm;&zl;ygw,f?
jyefaepOfrmS oli,fcsi;f wpfa,muf usaemfu h zkd ek ;f ac:ygw,f? olu usaemf 'Dae@ qdak wmh usaemfw@kd trsm;&J@tv,frmS vloed nf;cJh vspfvsL&_cx H m;&wm[m
b,fa&mufaevJæ´/ b,fomG ;aeovJæ´ vd@k ar;awmh usaemfu z&D;armifrh mS jrefrmhEikd if aH &;raumif;vd@k ygyJ? wenf;tm;jzifh Edik if w H pfcu k t kd yk cf sKyfaewJh tpd;k &
usi;f ywJh rd;k rc&J@ rdwq f ykH uGJ kd oGm;aea=umif; jyefajzawmh csucf si;f yJ oli,fcsi;f u wpfc[ k m Edik if tH wGuaf umif;atmif wd;k wufatmifrvkyEf ikd b f ;l æ/ jynfoal wG
“a=omf æ rif;wd@k u Ekid if aH &;vkyaf ew,faygh” vdk@ aemufajymifovdkeJ@ wkH@jyef twGuf tvkyrf vkyEf ikd b f ;l æqd&k if tJ't D pd;k &u Edik if aH &;aumif;atmif rvky=f u
ygw,f? a[mAsm æ pmayrdwaf qGawG qH=k uwJyh u GJ kd ‘Ekid if aH &;’wJv h m;æ? Edik if aH &; bJ olw@kd ta&; od@k r[kwf olw@kd jrzJ @kd ta&; vkyaf e=uw,fv@kd qdEk ikd yf gw,f? 'g
qdw k ma&mbmvJæ´/ usaemfw@kd jrefrmawGem;vnfwhJ Edik if aH &;qdw k mbmvJæ´ a=umifh Edik if &H @J ta&; aumif;atmif}uKd ;pm;zd@k qdw k m tm;vH;k eJ@oufqikd yf gw,f?
pwJt h awG;awG acgif;xJ0ifvmygw,f? 'gayr,fh tm;vH;k eJ@oufqikd w f EhJ ikd if aH &;qdw k m apmapmydik ;f uajymcJw h hJ ygwaD wG
Edik if aH &;qdw k m ygwt D zJ@G awG/ toif;tzJ@G awGe@J tpd;k &eJ@twdu k t f cHvyk /f tpd;k tzJ@G awGe@J vkyrf S Edik if aH &;vd@k ac:wmr[kwyf gb;l ? wpfO;D wpfa,muftaeeJ@vnf;
&udk jzKwfcszd@k vkyaf ejcif;vd@k yJ trsm;u em;vnf=ur,fxifygw,f? trSeaf wmh vkyv f @kd &ygw,f? wpfO;D csi;f pDrmS &dw S phJ rG ;f &nfe@J Edik if tH wGuf od@k r[kwf jynfoal wG
Edik if aH &;qdw k hJ Edik if &H ŒJ ta&;[m jynfot l m;vH;k eJ@ oufqikd yf gw,f? bmvd@k vJqkd aumif;usKd;twGuf ud, k w f wfEikd w f b hJ ufu yg0ifxrf;aqmifv@kd &ygw,f?
awmh Edik if aH &;tajctaeay: rlwnf+y;D jynfow l OD;wa,mufpt D ay:rSm tusKd; ausmif;om;av;awGukd pmoifay;aewJh q&m§q&mrawGvnf; Edik if aH &;/
oufa&mufrl &Sad evd@k ygyJ? Edik if aH &;aumif;&if jynfot l m;vH;k twGuaf umif;r,f/ vrf;ray: wHjrufpnf;vJaS ewJh 0efxrf;[mvnf; Edik if aH &;/ e,fpyfu'kuo Q nfawG
Edik if aH &;raumif;&if jynfoal wGtm;vH;k 'kuaQ &mufuek af wmhwmyJ? udk aq;0g;ukoay;wm vlra_ &;ulnrD a_ y;wmvnf; Edik if aH &;/ tm%mydik af wGukd
usaemf odwwfwt hJ &G,u f p+y;D vl}u;D rdbawGajymjycJw h hJ tajctaeawGe@J rSm;&ifrmS ;a=umif;ajymwmvnf; Edik if aH &;/ jynfoal wGxH owif;tjzpftrSeaf wGukd
aygi;f pyf=unf&h if usaemfw@kd &J@ jrefrmEkid if [ H m wae@wjcm; tajctaeawG usqif; wifjyay;wmvnf; Edik if aH &;/ aemufq;kH bmyJvyk v f yk f Edik if tH wGujf ynfot l wGuf
vm+y;D Edik if w H umtv,frmS rsuEf mS i,fc&hJ wm ESpaf ygi;f ra&csiaf wmhygb;l ? xdik ;f wenf;enf;eJ@ tusKd;jyK&if Edik if aH &;ygyJ?
Ekid if H 'Geaf rmif;avqdyrf mS awmif teDa&mifjrefrmywfpyf @kd av;[m rsuEf mS i,fpmG eJ@ jyefajymjycsifwmu rd;k rcrdwq f yHk uGJ pmayrdwaf qGrsm;[mvnf; trsm;em;
tjrifrcH&aJ tmif tjcm;ta&mif ywfpyf @kd pmtkyt f zH;k eJ@ aecJ&h wmudk Edik if &H yfjcm; vnfwhJ Edik if aH &;vkyw f mr[kwb f J jrefrmpmay/ ,Ofaus;r_/ ordik ;f / owif;jzpf&yf
a&mufaewJh jrefrmrdwaf qGawG od=urSmyg? rSeaf wGukd jynfox l w H ifjy&if; Edik if t H usK;d twGuf pmayeJ@tkyw f pfcsyo f w J pfyiG yhf g
rd;k rcrdwq f ykH rGJ mS aqG;aEG;cJw h hJ UC BerkeleywuUov kd u f jrefrmausmif;om; 0ifae=uwmyg?
wOD;u “Edik if jH cm;om; 10 OD;rSm 9 OD;avmufu jrefrmEdik if u H kd rod=ubl;æ”vdk@ 'Dae&mrSm Edik if &H @J ta&;twGuf Edik if u H ckd spwf o
hJ al wGta=umif;udk ajymjycsiyf g
qdck yhJ gw,f? usaemfvnf; tvkyrf mS {nfo h nfawG r=umc% usaemfu h akd r;w,f ao;w,f? ta0;a&mufaewJjh refrmwcsKd@ trdjrefrmajrudk tvnfjyefz;l =uyg
“b,fEdkifiHuvJæ”wJh? Burmavd@k ajzawmh trsm;pku rod=ubl;/ wcgwav w,f? 'gayr,fh jyefvm&if olw@kd qDu r=umc%=um;&wmu “tppt&m&m
BahamaseJ@rSm;=uw,f? wzufpmrsufEmS od@k «
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
29 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tar;tajzu¾
tpJcG |wfjcif;rS « &m;ukd ,k=H unfvufczH @dk a[majym/ tJ'D
vlemukAd brectionjzpfatmifvyk af y; vkdtpGJc|wfwmomv#if rSefaomvkyf
wJt h cg vlem[m a=umufpw d /f a'go &yfawGjzpfygw,f? vlawGu+dk crd ;f ajcmuf
pdwfawGe@J aygufu+JG y;D pdwt f ajctae +y;D tpGcJ |ww f m/ 0g'wcktwif;,k=H unf
t& jyefusoGm;wJt h cg tdy, f mxJrmS ckid ;f wm[m w&m;r#wr_r±Sw d hJ vky&f yf
yufvufarhajrmoGm;ygw,f? owdjyef omjzpfygw,f? tqkd;qkH;uawmh vl
vnfvmwJhtcgrSmawmh vlaumif;y awGudk aq;xk;d aq;wku d +f y;D t,l0g' [Jvkd rd;k aomuf=u,f? &Siwf @kd Edik if rH mS 'kuo
Q nftjzpfav#mufwo hJ al wGukd *syef
uwdjyef jzpfomG ;ygawmhw,f? rdi_ ;f wkud w f m[m vlaukd vlvo dk abm
tpd;k &u 'Davmufawmifzrf;vScsnf;vm;? usrwd@k aemfa0uvlawG 'Dowif;
pdwt f ajctaetajymif;tvJa=umifh rxm;yJ wdpm> efvo dk abmxm;+y;D t"rR/
zwf&awmh tH=owkev f y_ u
f ek =f uw,f? *syefrmS &Sw d hJ jrefrmtzJ@G tpnf;awGua&m
OD;aESmufxJrSmjzpfvmwJh ZD0urRaA' rw&m;tEkid u f siw
hf mwrsK;d yJjzpfygw,f?
'Dvadk q;0g;ok;H +y;D 0g'r_id ;f wku d w f m/ bmrSrvky=f ubl;vm;æ
qkid &f majymif;vJrr_ sKd;ukd aq;xk;d aq;
wku d +f y;D zefw;D Ekid yf gw,f? tpGcJ |ww f mawGtjyif Ekid if aH &;oifwef; vkyfae=uw,fv@kd xifygw,f? tJ- bmawGvyk af ew,fqw kd mawmh usaemf
'kwd,urBmppf}uD;t+yD; ppfat; awG/ ppfoifwef;awGay;+y;D 0g'a&;&m wd@k vnf; rod&ao;ygbl;cifAsm;æ
wku d yf rJG mS tar&duefEidk if [ H m olw@dk &J@ rd_if;wkdufwmawGvnf;±Sdygw,f?
vlawGudk &efoEl idk if aH wGu zrf;rdwt hJ cg ppftm%m±SifawG[m olwkd@rd_if; [Jvkd rd;k aomuf=u,f/ Adv
k o f ef;a±$orD;rSm ud, k 0f ef&w
dS ,fqw
kd m aocsmvd@k vm;
OD;aESmufaq;jcif;cH&rSmukd umuG,Ef idk f wku d x f m;wJo h al wGut dk ok;H cs+y;D rdrw d @dk Asm? cifAsm;wd@k *sme,f vlpw d 0f ifpm;atmif zGaewmr[kwv f m;æ
zk@d b,fvv dk yk Ef ikd rf vJqw dk mukd avhvm tm%mukd pGjJ raJ tmifcsKyu f idk x f m;avh&dS r,H&k if jrefrmjynfwiG ;f udk ud, k w
f ikd zf ek ;f quf+y;D ar;=unfah væ
zk@d aumfrwDw&yfz@GJ pnf;cJyh gw,f? ygw,f? ok@d aomfvnf;bJ trSefw&m;
±k&mS ;ok@H yef;tjzpftzrf;cH&wJh t ukzd ;Hk uG,zf @dk twGuf 0g'rdi_ ;f ±k;d ±k;d yJwu dk f rd;k aomuf=u,fcifAsm;? 'DEpS pf maya[majymyJrG mS pma&;q&mwpfa,mufwnf;qdk
aemufurBmu pdw"f mwf=u@H ckid o f wl csK@d wku d /f aq;xk;d aq;wku d +f y;D yJwu dk w f udk f awmh renf;vGe;f bl;vm;æ? tenf;qH;k ESpaf ,mufavmufzw d yf gvm;Asmæ
u olw@dk &J@ ,cifutawG;tac:eJ@vkyf aemufq;Hk rSm trSew f &m;eJ@ w&m;r#w jzpfEikd &f if jynfyrSm&Sad ewJh pma&;q&mawGtm;vH;k udak c:+y;D usi;f ycsiwf maygh
&yfawG[m rSm;,Gi;f ygw,fv@dk 0efc, H rHk r_uomv#if tEkid &f oGm;ygw,f? 'Dvedk @J
Asmæ? jy\emu tcsde&f ,f/ aiG&,f/ pma&;q&mawGay;Edik w f ahJ e@&,f/ oGm;a&;
uyJ ±k±mS ;0g'ukv d ufc, H =Hk unfomG ;=u orkdif;rSm tm%m±Sif qkdAD,ufjynf
vma&;udp&P ,f/ tJ'gawGtm;vH;k udk csdeq f +y;D pDpOfae&vd@k ygAsmæ
ygw,f? tJwmuawmh aq;xkd;aq; axmifpk}uD; tjcm;ta&S@Oa&mytm
wku d +f y;D tpGcJ |wjf cif;cH&wmjzpfygw,f? %m±Sit f pk;d &awG[m 20 &mpk aemuf
'Dvydk J jrefrmEkid if rH mS 1988 ta&; ykid ;f ESprf sm;rSm ed*;Hk csKyfc=hJ uygw,f? [J[kd rd;k aomuf=u,fa&? *syefukd udtk v
J uf(pf)wd@k &J@ Lazy Clubvmazsmaf jzrSm
awmfyrHk mS tm%mykid af wGu vlwcsK@d ukd 'ga=umifh jrefrmEkdifiHom;awGu aocsmoGm;+yv D m;[ifæ? usrqdik u f aumifav;u óuwifvufrw S af wGa&mif;
aq;xk;d aq;wku d +f y;D &yfuu G x f rJ mS qlyl vnf; rdrw d @dk &J@vl@tcGit hf a&;/ 'Dru dk a& aevd@k 0,f&rvm;æ/ r0,f&bl;vm;qdw k m aocsmodcsifv@kd pHpk rf;ay;ygaemfæ
aomif;usef;r_jzpfatmif apvGwfcJhwJh pDa&;wk@d ukd wae@jyefvnf&&Srd ,fqdk 0,fom0,fxm;vdu k Af sKd@æ? aocsmoGm;+yv
D @kd od&ygw,fæ
taxmuftxm;awG±cdS yhJ gw,f? olw@dk wmukd pGpJ jJG rjJ r, J =Hk unf+y;D / a=umuf±@HG
wawG[m aq;tmedoifa=umifh OD; wwfwt hJ pG/J tmavsmhwwfwt hJ pGaJ wG [Jvæ kd usaemf &Sief m*g0guaezke;f vSr;f qufwmyg? t&ifvu tzrf;cHxm;&ol
aESmufxrJ mS ZD0urRqidk &f majymif;vJr_ uaeuif;atmif rdru d , dk u f , dk rf rd d tpGJ rsm;pm&if;xJrmS usaemftygt0if vlEpS af ,mufemrnfusefcw hJ ,fAsmæ? usaemf
jzpf+y;D 0g'r_id ;f wck oGwo f iG ;f jcif;cHvu dk &f c|wyf pfz@dk vkyd gw,f? tJ'v D dk ppftm%m wd@k u tzJ@G tpnf;awGx0J ifxm;wJo h al wGr[kwv
f @kd razmfjywmvm;Asmæ
wmjzpfygw,f? &Siaf wG&@J 0g'rSidk ;f wku d w f mukd ik@H cHwwf tJ'DvkdoabmrsKd;r[kwf&ygbl;Asmæ? usaemfwdk@vnf; pHkprf;&oavmuf
tJ'Dawmhtm;vkH;ukd jyefcsKyf=unfh wJt h pG/J rw&m;tEkid u f sifw h mawGudk azmfjy&if;eJ@ usefomG ;wmjzpfygw,fæ?
r,fq&dk if vlawGurdk mS ;,Gi;f wJh tpGaJ wG ik@cH w H wfwt hJ pGaJ wG wOD;csif;jzKwfypfz@dk
c|wfz@dk arwWm/ u±k%m/ apwem/ a&S@ c|wfypfz@dk vkd ygw,fv@dk ajym=um;&if; ed
[Jvkd t&ifvu rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,fxrJ mS ygwJh teft,fv'f v D w
$ af wmf
xm;/ a=umif;usKd;qufpyfjy/ trSefw *k;H csKyfvu dk yf gw,f?
trwfa':pef;pef;&J@tifwmAsL;ta=umif; zwf&wm t&rf;aumif;w,fAsm?
Edik if aH &;wap>rS « a':pef;pef;ajymwJt h wkid ;f *syefrmS &Sw
d hJ Edik if aH &;vkyaf eygwJv
h al wG owdxm;+y;D
aps;wufaew,fæ/ jynfoal wG yd+k y;D usyw f nf;aew,fæ/ jrifc&hJ wmawGu pdwrf pmawGbmawGzwf=u&J@vm;Asmæ
csrf;ombl;æ/ [drk mS aewJo h al wGtwGuf pdwrf aumif;bl;æ” pojzifh u±k%m ol w d k @ awmh r od b l ; ? rd k ; aomuf = u,f u vl a wG oG m ;owd / vmowd /
avoHav;vd=k um;&ygw,f? trSeaf wmh tJ'gudk ‘twkta,mifu±k%m’vdk@ & pm;owde@J t&m&mudk owdrvGwaf tmif usifah e&wmawmh trSeyf AJ sKd@æ
[ef;awmf pma&;q&mwpfyg;uajymzl;wm rSwrf yd gw,f?
jynfwiG ;f rSm tJ'v D jkd rif&awmh [drk mS bmawGaumif;usKd;wckcv k yk cf o
hJ vJæ´?
[Jvkd rd;k aomuf=u,f? cifAsm;wd@k *sme,fxu
G w
f m wvxufwv aemufusae
bmulnaD xmufyrhH w _ ckcak y;cJo
h vJæ´? ta0;uaea&m Edik if t H wGuf wckcb k m
pGr;f aqmifay;Edik rf vJæ´? ud, k u hf , f kd jyefar;=unf&h ifaumif;ygw,f? aemuf+y;D ygvm;Asæ
kd u
'gawGudkvkyf&if trsm;xifaewJh ‘EdkifiHa&;’vdk@ qdkrSmvm; vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufwJh awmif;yefygw,fAsmæ? usaemfw@kd vnf; pm;0wfaea&;twGuf tvkyw
f zuf
Edik if &H ŒJ ta&;vm;qdw k m pOf;pm;=unfah pcsiyf gw,f? wavmu aps;xJrmS vnfywf vkyf&if; vkyfae&vdk@yg? aemufwcsufuvnf; +yD;˜+yD;a&mqdkwJhoabmrsKd;eJ@
&if; trSww f rJjh rifc&hJ wJh pmwef;wpfcu k kd owd&rdygw,f? rxkwcf sifwmvnf;yg˜ygw,f? em;vnfay;ygaemfæ
“raumif;qd;k 0g;awG/ rw&m;r_awG atmifjrif}u;D pd;k aewm[m vHak vmufwhJ
vlaumif;awGu bmrSrvky=f uvd@k æ” wJAh sm? ?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h ukd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
30 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tifwmeufaqmif;yg; 2006 ckEpS f pmayv+y&f mS ;r+owif;

*syefEdkifiHa&muf pmaycspfjrwfEdk;olrsm;rSpDpOfonhf
2006 ckEpS /f pmqkad wmfae@txdr;f trSwf pmaya[majymyJG
a[majymrnhfpma&;q&m? ? wifarmifoef;(oifb
h 0r*~Zif;t,f'w
D ma[mif;)

a[majymrnfhacgif;pOf? ? r*~Zif;wapmif.twˆKy`w(dW od‹k )ESv;kH om;udak v;ay:wifypfaomtcg


usif;yrnhfae‹ESihftcsdef? ? 'DZifbm 17 &uf(we*FaEGae‹)/ ae‹v,f 1;00 = 5;00(wdu
k sK)d
'DZifbm 24 &uf(we*FaEGae‹)ae‹v,f 1;00 = 5;00(em*d,
k m)
usif;yrnfhae&m? ? IKEBUKURO KUMIN CENTER 4F

pmaya[majymyJGjzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwDrsm;
1? udak usmfausmfEikd (f 090 4924 2906) 23? udjk rifx h eG ;f (090 8349 6474)
2? udak usmfvi_d af t;(080 3382 7724) 24? udo
k ef@aZmfO;D (090 1885 0731)
3? a'guw f m=unf0if;(080 1225 4339) 25? udak usmfr;kd Edik (f 090 9293 8981)
4? a'guw f moef;0if;(080 6599 9510) 26? udx k ed rf if;atmif(090 1611 7260)
5? udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed (f 090 4128 4725) 27? udck spfonf;atmif(090 9979 8993)
6? rwifwif0if;(090 8720 9017) 28? ud[ k ef0if;xGe;f (090 5218 3015)
7? ud0k if;aX;(090 7008 0026) 29? udak wZm0if;(080 6661 6859)
8? armifoef@(080 5478 4243) 30? Ma Lia Mang Cing Khai(CNC)(090 7902 7169)
9? udak X;opf(090 8584 5644) 31? Lia Cing Lam Mang(CNC)(090 4832 9446)
10? udw k ;kd =unfaqGšCing Ngaih Maug(090 6153 4754) 32?Akangda Aung Lee+Lashi Roisan(04 8259 1640)
11? udrk sKd;jrifah qG(090 5408 4087) 33? Lahuk Angg Gun+Lashi Bawk Seng(03 3927
12? udx k ifausmf0if;(03 5974 3303) 2807)
13? udak tmifp;kd rd;k (080 6569 2352) 34? W-Hkawn San(080 6533 9955)
14? rpd;k pd;k jrif(h 080 6647 4603) 35? Waje Seng Moon(080 5179 7752)
15? rykv(J 080 3502 7899) 36? Waje Hturaw(080 1089 8966)
16? udak usmfr;kd 0if;(090 9293 8981) 37? Tang Lum(080 6551 8651)
17? udpk ef;0if;jrif(h 090 6487 9697) 38? K Ja Seng Mai(03 1089 8966)
18? udjk rode;f (090 4844 7092) 39? armifpef;ausmfO;D (080 9852 9864)
19? udak Zmfrif;cdik (f 090 6025 4629) 40? ud&k w J if-h em*d, k m(080 3366 8772)
20? udn k Kd 0if;ode;f (090 8500 1642) 41? 'kuo Q nfun l aD pmifah &Smufa&;XmecsKyf(RHQ)
21? udo k ef;aqG-ajreDuek ;f (080 5055 3645) (atmufygy*k Kd~ vfrsm;rSvnf; 0ifa&mufyyhH ;kd =uygonf)
22? udo k ed ;f aiG(090 3527 7320) Andrew Myo Aung(KNL), Ma Mya Thway
(KNL), King Hkun(Ibaraki), Mi Thet Thet San
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
31 Moe Thauk Kye Journal

v_yvf y_ &f mS ;&Sm; *syefjynfwiG ;f owif;rsm; (ausmfausmfEikd /f armif&iS /f [ef0if;xGe;f )

wku
d sKEd iS ehf m*d,
k mwGif pmaya[majymyJrG sm; usi;f yjyKvky-f urnf &wemyHak ejynfawmfowif;pm *syefEikd if w
H iG f tcrJjh zef‹a0
ESppf Ofusi;f yjyKvyk af e=ujzpfonhf pmqdak wmfae@txdr;f trSwf pmaya[majym tar&duefEdkifiH&Sd pm
yJt
G pDtpOfukd *syefEikd if aH &muf pmaycspjf rwfE;kd olrsm;ESihf pmay0goem&Sirf sm;pkaygi;f ay0goemygol jrefrmrsm;
I oifb h 0r*~Zif;t,f'w D ma[mif; ‘pma&;q&mwifarmifoef;’udk zdwaf c:um pkaygif;I &wemyHak ejynf
usif;yjyKvkyrf nfjzpfa=umif;od&onf? awmfowif;pmudk *syefEikd f
wduk sKwd iG f 'DZifbm 17 &ufae@ ae@v,f 1;00 em&DrS 5;00 em&Dtxd usi;f yI iHtygt0if Edik if w H umod@k
em*d,
k mwGif 'DZifbm 24 &ufae@Y usi;f yrnfjzpf+y;D a[majymyJw G iG f ajym=um;oGm; ‘tcrJ’h jzef@csad y;aea=umif;
cJo
h nhf ta=umif;t&mrsm;ESihf tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;ar;jref;=uonhf tcsuf tvuf od&onf? tqdyk gowif;
rsm;udk rSww f rf;pmtkyt f jzpf xkwaf 0rnf[v k nf; od&onf? pmudk jrefrmpwdk;qdkifrsm;
ESihf rd;k aomuf=u,f pm=unhw f u kd w
f iG f &,lEikd +f y;D okw/ &w/ owif;/ tifwmAsL;/
zrf;qD;cHEikd if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;twGuf r*Fvm'd;k azsmaf jzyJG usef;rma&;/ Edik if aH &;tp&So
d nfw@kd udk u¾pHak tmif xnfh oGi;f azmfjyxm;ojzifh
*syefEikd if &H dS jrefrmtEkynmtiftm;pkjzpfaom ‘r*Fvm'd;k ’tzJ@G rS jrefrmh±;kd &m vlóuufrsm;rnho f wif;pmrsKd;jzpfonf?
tqdt k ursm;/ wcef;&yfjyZwf/ t+ird Ehf iS hf ESpyf g;cGiuf uGurf sm;udk pHpk n
kH n
D jD zifh 'DZif
bm 24 &uf nae 5;30 em&DrS 9;30 txd rdemrdt;kd qku cef;rwGif tm;yg;w&
wifqufazsmfajzrnfjzpfa=umif; od&onf? tqdyk gyJt G wGuf 0ifa=u; 500 jzifh
oifph ;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;udprP sm;udk
owfrw S x
f m;+y;D &&Sad omaiGrsm;ESihf tvSLaiGrsm;udk zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&aom
Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;rsm;twGuf ay;tyfrnf[v k nf; od&onf?
aps;E_e;f oufompGmjzifh a=umfjimcsifygovm;æ
cspaf umif;/ tJvuf(pf)/ aumfeED iS hf a':rmrmat;wd‹k .*DwyJrG sm; aemufausmzH;k tjynh(f umvm)- 4 aomif;,ef;
jrefrmEdik if wH iG f emrnf}u;D wD;0dik ;f jzpfaom Lazy Clubaw;*DwtzJ@G rS *syefEikd if &H dS
aw;cspo f rl sm;twGuf tqdak wmfcspfaumif;/ tJvuf(pf)ESiahf umfew D @kd 2007 ckEpS /f
aemufausmzH;k w0uf(umvm)- 2 aomif; 2 axmif,ef;
Zefe0g&Dv 7 &ufae@wGif wd&k rdS mck/ cdck ikd w f ;kd cef;rwGif nae 4;30 em&DrS 8;30 twGi;f tjynf(h tjzL-trJ)- 1 aomif; ESpaf xmif,ef;
txd vma&mufazsmfajzzd@k aocsmoGm;+y[ D o k &d onf? tqdyk gyJu
G kd a±$jcaoFch &D;
oGm;vma&;ukr`%DrS 3 ESpfjynhftpDtpOftjzpf wm0ef,lpDpOfa=umif;od&+yD; twGi;f w0uf(tjzL-trJ)- 6 axmif,ef;
0ifa=u;rSm wOD;v#if ,ef; 5000 jzpfonf? Zefe0g&Dv 14 &ufae@wGiv f nf; twGi;f av;yHwk yH(k tjzL-trJ)- 3 axmif,ef;
tqdkygcef;rY EdkifiHausmfaw;oH&Sif tqdkawmfrmrmat;.azsmfajzyJGudkvnf;
udx
k eG ;f xGe;f OD;šudak t;pd;k wd@k OD;pD;wm0ef,I l usif;yjyKvkyrf nf[k od&onf? qufo,G &f ef- (zke;f §zuf)03 3364-5163/ 090 8720 9017/
License No.835
A'cross Travellers Bureau Discount
Best Deals Online www.across-travel.com/english Air Tickets
&efuek t
f jyefoufouf(Bangkok Transit)ae@csi;f a&muf Taiwan-United Airline ¥ 29,000(ae@pOf)
JAL+Myanmar Airways ¥ 53,000~ China Airline ¥29,000~
United Airline Bangkok ¥ 45,000~ Korea Airline ¥19,500~
Bangkok+Myanmar ¥ 26,000~ xGufcGmonfhae‹ &ufay:rlwnfI aps;E_ef;tajymif;tvJ&Syd gonf

JCB CARD0ifygu ,ef;oH;k axmifavsmhygrnf?
 &efue
k t
f oGm;tjyef
Map Worldu'f(ATB. Visa(or)Mask0ifyguvnf; ,ef;oH;k axmifxyfI
Air India+Myanmar Airways ¥ 64,000(Ak'[
< ;l /pae)
avsmhygrnf?(12§26 &ufrS 1§03 txd aps;pHpk rf;Edik yf gonf) JAL+Myanmar Airways ¥ 95,000
(JCB Credit CardrSmausmif;om;vnf;0ifEikd yf gonf) Thai Airways ¥ 81,000(ae@pOf)

Immigrationod@k roGm;rSD zke;f qufaqG;aEG;wdi k yf ifyg?ava=umif;vdik ;f aygif;pHrk S
vufrw S rf sm;udk aps;E_e;f oufompGm&&Sad tmif jrefrmwm0efcrH S ulnaD y;aeygonf? SHINJUKU HEAD OFFICE
taemufzuf
xGuaf yguf

SHIBUYA OFFICE Here(3)F Tel:03 3340 6749 Shinjuku


Kitchen

Here(2)F
CitiBank

blwm
MC Donald's
Khaing War Ko(cdik 0f gu)kd awmifbuf
First

BIC Camera
Tel:03 5467 0077 NOVA Lumine xGuaf yguf
RISONA BANK Kosyu Kaido
BUS TERMINAL
HIGASHIGUCHI

Shibuya
MEJI DORI

Eindary Aye(tda¹ENat;) blwm


acG;±kyf ydwf&ufr&Sdyg
Oedo Line
Shinjuku Sta:

TK Shibuya Higashi Bldg 3F xGuaf yguf Yamate Shinjuku Bldg 2 F


1-14-14 Shibuya,Shibuya-Ku, 1-19-6 Nishi shinjuku,
Tokyo. 150-0002 Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
av,mOfvufrw
S cf udk ±H;k cef;od@k vma&mufay;acs+y;D av;&uftwGi;f av,mOfvufrw
S f xkw,
f El ikd yf gonf?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw
h u
kd u
f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/
U2 aw;*DwyJoG ‹kd 'Drukd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;wufa&mufqifEJG
a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;*k%jf yK+y;D
Walk OnoDcsi;f oDqc kd ahJ om U2tzG@J .
aw;*Dwazsmaf jzyJu G kd Ed0k ifbm 29 &uf/
n 7;30 em&DrS 10;00 em&Dtxd csb D c
±dik /f Saitama Super Arinataqmuf
tODwiG jf yKvky&f m *syefEikd if &H dS jrefrmh'rD kd
ua&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;ESihf rd;k aomuf
=u,fpm=unhw f ukd tf zJ@G om;rsm; wuf
a&muf=unh±f t _ m;ay;cJ=h uygonf?
azsmfajzyJGrprDS 3 em&Davmufu
wnf;u a':atmifqef;pk=unfwD&Syf
rsm;0wfqifI We Love Walk Onpm
wef;ESifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfydkpwm
rsm;udkifaqmifI Walk OnoDcsif;pm
om;rsm;jzef@a0jcif;/ yJGwm0efcHrsm;xH
Walk OnoDcsif;azsmfajzay;zd@k U2tzJ@G
tm;ajymay;&ef arwWm&yfcjH cif;rsm; jyK tqdak usmf BoNou av;yk'fwdwd aewJh Edb k ,fvq f &k iS w
f OD;jzpfovdk tm av;jyKjcif;rsm;jyKvkyo f jzifh y&dowf.
vkycf ahJ oma=umifh oDqakd zsmaf jzrnfqkd oDqakd zsmfajz+y;D onht f cg “usaemht f &Swu kd &f @J av;pm;*k%, f pl &myk*Kd~ vfw txl;pdw0f ifpm;r_u&kd &Scd ahJ =umif;/ yJ+G y;D
onht f a=umif; od&cdS &hJ onf? aeeJ@ tm&Swu kd rf mS &Sw
d hJ 'Dru
kd a&pDo&l J OD;vnf;jzpfwt hJ wGuf 'DocD sif;udo k q
D kd qH;k oGm;onft h cgwiG f a':atmifqef;pk
yJcG if;xJo@kd 0ifa&mufonht f cgwiG f aumif;atmifqef;pk=unftwGuf *k%f wmygæ”[k ajym=um;I Walk OnoD =unfw&D yS rf sm;udk y&dowfrsm;uvdck sif
vnf; ydpk wmrsm;udik af qmifciG jhf yKojzifh jyKpyfqxkd m;wJh oDcsif;wyk'u f kd *Dwmw csif;oDqckd yhJ gonf? =uojzifh tusrô sm;c|wI f a&mif;ay;cJ&h
U2tzJ@G pwifoq D okd nht f csderf S +y;D qH;k vufxeJ @J azsmaf jzwifqufcsiyf gw,f? oDqakd epOf a':atmifqef;pk=unfykd a=umif;udk tqdkygyJGodk@ oGm;a&muf
onfhtcsdeftxd ydkpwmrsm;ajr‡mufcsD olr[m jrefrmjynfoal wG tm%m&Sif pwmrsm;udik af qmifxm;onfb h ufo@kd =unhf±_cJholrsm;. ajymjycsufrsm;t&
udik af qmifciG v hf nf; &cJyh gonf? vufatmufuvGwaf jrmufz@kd }uKd ;pm; rsuEf mS rlI vufa0S@&rf;jcif;/ OD;!Gwt f od&&dS onf?(armif&iS -f bm;rm;rD', D m)

jrefrmjynfom;tm;vHk;
½Tifvef;csrf;ajrUygap... ESi;f qDro
d m;pkpwd;k Rose Family S t or e
amily
(Whole Sole&Retial)
New New

jrefrmjynfo‹kd 050 1482 7943 rSqufvsif(75)rdepf jrefrmjynfodk‹ Yahoo bbrS 34 min jrefrmjynfo‹kd 050 1482 7943 rSqufvsif(25)rdepf
ESi;f qDro d m;pkpwd;k rSxw k v
f yk af om
Rose Gold Card(Smartpit)udk
eD;pyf&muGeAf ;D eD;,rf;pwd;k qkid rf sm;wGif
aiGoiG ;f +y;D jrefrmEdik if EH iS t
hf jcm;Edik if rH sm;od@k
toH=unfvifpmG jzifh qufo, G Ef ikd +f y;D
wpfpuUe@f rSrjzwfyga=umif;?
jrefrmjynfo‹kd 050 1426 1133 rSqufvsif (83)rdepf jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 45 min jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 15 min
jrefrmpwd;k qdik rf sm;wGif ‘tcrJ’h &&SEd ikd +f y;D
e,frrS mS ,lvo kd rl sm;twGuf ESif;qDrdom;pkrSxkwfvkyfaom Prepaid Cardrsm;onf tm&SEdkifiHrsm;? Oa&myEdkifiHrsm;ESifh ,ciftm&Spm;aomufqik d f
taemufEdkifiHrsm;odkY tcsdef&Snf? toHMunfvifpGm qufEdkifygonf/
ESi;f qDrod m;pkpwd;k qdik o f @kd
tjcm;jrefrmpwdk;qdkifrsm;wGifvnf;0,f,lEdkifNyD;? wqifhjzefYjzL;vdkaomudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tvdk&Sdonf? tay:xyf
qufo, G yf gu ‘tcrJ’h yd@k ay;ygrnf?
=uuf/ yvwm/ yJEiS q hf efrsm;udk ROSE FAMILY STORE
Tel:03-5338-4391 Fax:03-5338-4392
txl;avsmhaps;jzifh a&mif;csay;aeygonf? Yahoo BB-050 1432 5645
Open Hours 7 days 10:30-00:30
family@rosefamily.co.jp #203 Initial Annex Bldg 2-10-8
Hyakunincho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, T 169-0073
http://www.rosefamily.co.jp Post A/C 10120-87246631
In cooperation with the Refugee Assistance Headquarters

Вам также может понравиться