MTK Vol4 No1

2 Moe Thauk Kye Journal
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r[kwv f m;æ SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7,

OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301,
TOKYO, JAPAN
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wJuh av;av;vdyk /J Edik if aH &;jzpfjzpf bmudprP mS yJjzpfjzpfaygæ h ”[k uAsmq&m}u;D
wifr;kd uajymygonf?
a':cif=unfonf jrefrmhEikd if aH &;ta=umif;tvGeo f o d jl zpfaomfvnf; olod
a=umif;udak jymcJvo S nf[k q&m}u;D wifr;kd uajymonf? Edik if aH &;ta=umif;ajym
onft h cgwGif oHwrefwOD;. ajymyHq k ykd tkH wdik ;f u|rf;usifvrd mR vSonf? a':
atmifqef;pk=unfonf jrefrmhEikd if aH &;ta=umif;udk ol@rdcifxrH S aocsmayguf
oif,&l &Sv d rd rhf nf[k OD;wifr;kd uajymygonf?
1980 ckEpS rf sm;twGi;f uOD;wifr;kd onf a':cif=unf.aetdro f @dk r=umc%
oGm;a&mufvnfywfavh&o dS nf? xdt k csed u f a':atmif qef;pk=unfonf vef'efrS
tvnftywfa&mufaeygonf? a':cif=unfonf jc0H ef;xJrmS pdu k &f if;ysKd ;&if;jzpfap/
rD;zdak csmifxw J iG f xdik &f if;jzpfap/ OD;wifr;kd ESiahf ':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd udk pum;ajym
wwfonf[q k o kd nf?
a':cif=unfum; orD;jzpfoEl iS chf ifyeG ;f jzpfow l @kd avmufrausmf=um;apumrl
ol@e,fEiS o hf l atmifjrifco hJ u l m;jzpfayonf? 1947 rS 1952 txd v$waf wmf
trwfjzpfco hJ nf? 1950 ckEpS rf sm;wGif jrefrmtrsKd ;orD;toif;.OuUX jzpfco hJ nf?
tjcm;aomvlrt _ zJ@G tpnf;rsm;wGiv f nf; acgif;aqmifjzpfco hJ nf?
1960 ckEpS w f iG f tdE, dN Edik if q
H ikd &f m jrefrmoHtrwf}u;D jzpfvmonf? wcsdef
r[moD&o
D "k rRa':cif=unf(1912-1988) wnf;rSmyif eDaygEikd if t H wGuv f nf; yl;wGw J m0ef,cl &hJ onf? xdu k o hJ @kd }u;D rm;onfh
wm0efux kd rf;aqmifae&aomfvnf; orD;jzpfou l v kd spfvsL&_rxm;? a':atmif
jrefrmhEikd if aH &;ESiyhf wfoufv#if Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unf qef;pk=unfonf rdcif.pDpOfrj_ zifh ynmudk }uKd ;}uKd ;pm;pm;oif,al vhvmonf?
wd@k onf oauFwtm;jzifh wckwnf;vdjk zpfygonf? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;u jrefrm jrif;pD;avhusio hf nf? pEN,m;wD;oifonf? yef;tvSjyifonft h wwfuo kd ifonf?
Edik if u H kd e,fcsJ@pepfrv S w G af jrmufatmif a&S@aqmif}uKd ;yrf;cJo h ?l a':atmifqef;pk jrefrmtpd;k &u a':cif=unf.pGr;f aqmifrw _ @kd udk todtrSwjf yKonft h aejzifh
=unfu jrefrmEdik if u H kd ppftm%m&Sipf epfatmufrS vGwaf jrmufatmif a&S@ ‘r[moD&o d "k rRb@GJ ’udak y;tyfcs;D jri‡ o hf nf? tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k ,l*pkd vm;AD;
aqmif}uKd ;yrf;aeol? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;u vGwv f yfa&;.oauFw? a':atmif ,m;ESihf xdik ;f Edik if w H @kd uvnf; bJ@G xl;rsm;ay;um*k%jf yKonf?
qef;pk=unfu 'Dru kd a&pD.oauFw? oauFwESpfckpvHk;yif jrefrmhEdkifiHa&; a':atmifqef;pk=unfum; aysm&f i$ cf sr;f ajrah omtdraf xmifrS arG;zGm;vmoljzpf
wd;k wufz@GH +zKd ;r_ukd azmfusL;aeayonf? xd@k a=umifh jrefrmhEikd if aH &;udpk w d 0f ifpm; onf? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf 'kw, d urBmppf}u;D twGi;f aq;±Hw k ufa&muf
olw@kd twGuf Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd onf '*Fg;jym;wcsyf uko&if; t}u;D wef;olemjyKq&mra':cif=unfEiS ahf wG@qHu k m cspu f |r;f 0ifco hJ nf?
. acgif;ESiyhf ef;yrm cGrJ & cGgr&/ wom; wnf;jzpfaeonf? 1942 wGiv f ufxyf+y;D 1945 wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfuakd rG;zGm;onf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;&nfne$ ;f ajymqdo k nft h cg zcif.ajc&mudek if;ol/ olemjyKq&mr rcif=unfonf Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;udk wnfwnf=unf=unf
tazwlorD; ponft h oH;k tE_e;f wd@k jzifh *k%jf yKcsD;rGr;f wwfonf? od@k aomf a': qufq. H / =uif=uifememqufq. H / jyKH ;&,fp&mrsm; ajymqdjk cif;jzifh Adv k cf sKyf.
atmifqef;pk=unf. ajymifajrmufaom*k%&f nf*% k af oG;rsm;onf zcifjzpfoAl v kd f pdwEf v S ;kH udk aysm±f i$ =f unfE;l ap./ tvGepf w d "f mwfjyif;xefvo S nfh ppfaoemywd
csKyaf tmifqef;. wdu k &f u kd o f eG o f ifvrf;nGerf j_ zifh ay:ayguv f mjcif;jzpfz@kd enf;yg; onf b,fvrkd ±S ek ;f rxGuEf ikd af wmh[k a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ol. Aung San
of Burma pmtkyw f iG af &;om;cJo h nf?
ygonf? 1947 ckEpS /f Zlvikd f 19 &ufwiG f zcifjzpfov l yk =f ucH &H pOfu ol@toufrmS
2 ESpo f m&Syd gao;onf? zcifjzpfoEl iS hf =um=umxdawG@cJ&h jcif;r&Sad y? Advk cf sKyaf tmifqef;onf a':cif=unfuv kd ufxyfvu kd o f nft h wGuf ol&owWd
“azazaoqH;k oGm;wJt h csderf mS usrtoufuodyif ,fao;awmh azazht ESifhvnf;aumif;/ arwWmu±k%mESifhvnf;aumif;/ jynfhpHkonfhb0 tazmfrGef
a=umif;bmrSrrSwrf b d ;l æ” [k ola&;onfh Aung San of Burma(1984)pmtkyf wa,mufukd &vdu k o f nfomru/ olwefz;kd xm;onfh *k%&f nf*% k af oG;rsm;udk
trSmpmwGiaf zmfjycJo h nf? od@k qdv k #if a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; vrf;!$eo f eG o
f if uG,v f eG +f y;D aemufyikd ;f wGif qufvufxed ;f odr;f Edik rf nfh pdw"f mwfcikd =f unfaom
cJo h o l nfrnfoel nf;? zcifjzpfoAl v kd cf sKyfatmifqef;uJo h @kd jrefrmjynfov l xl . k trsKd;orD;aumif;wa,mufuykd g&vdu k o f nf[ak &;om;cJo h nf?
acgif;aqmiftjzpfo@kd a&muf&v dS matmif rnfou l tm;ay;v_@H aqmfco hJ enf;? wzufpmrsufEmS od@k «
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a':cif=unfonf ,if;*k%&f nf*% k af oG;rsm;udk orD;jzpfox l H oGwo f iG ;f ay;cJh ,cktcsdet f xdum; a':cif=unf.twˆKy`wrdW &Sad o;yg? xif&mS ;aompma&;
onfrmS xif&mS ;ygonf? jrefrmEdik if . H tausm=f um;qH;k uAsmq&m}u;D '*kew f m&m q&mwa,mufu ol@twˆKyw ` udW akd &;cGiahf wmif;&m ±d;k ±d;k pif;pif;aexdik af vh&adS om
u Advk cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd .awG;ac:yHw k iG f tvGeo f o d m a':cif=unfonf vufrcHbJ jiif;y,fco hJ nf[k uAsmq&m}u;D wifr;kd uajymonf?
xif&mS ;onfh wlnrD w _ ck&o dS nf[q k okd nf? rnfo@kd qdak p ,cktcsed o f nf a':atmifqef;pk=unftwGuf ol@rdcifta=umif;
“udak tmifqef;u bmyJajymajym olajymor#xJrmS jrefrmjynfvw G v f yfa&; a&;&ef taumif;qH;k tcsdejf zpfonf? ol@b0tm;yHak zmfay;cJo h t l a=umif; olom
&&ifqw kd phJ um;u tjryJ gw,f? a':pkuvnf; olajymor#xrJ mS jrefrmjynf 'Dru kd vsiaf &;zd@k toifjh zpfrnf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfoma&;rnfqv kd #if a':cif=unf.
a&pD&&ifqw kd phJ um;u tjryJ gw,fæ”[k '*kew f m&muajymonf? a':cif=unf. twˆKy`wo dW nf tvGepf w d 0f ifpm;zG,af umif;aom Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;rdom;pk
txif&mS ;qH;k t&nftaoG;ESiyhf wfoufI ar;onft h cg q&m}u;D u “wnf=unf jzpfrnfomru udv k ekd aD cwfveG f jrefrmhEikd if aH &;ta=umif;vnf; jzpfayvdrrhf nf?
r_aygAh smæ”[k rqdik ;f rwGajymygonf?
1988 wGif ausmif;om;rsm;u tm%m&Sit f pd;k &udk qef@usiq f ENjy&m jynfol
vlxw k &yfv;kH yg0ifvm+y;D 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D jzpfay:vmygonf? xdt k csed f
wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf emruse;f jzpfaeaom rdcifa':cif=unfujkd yKp&k ef
twGuf vef'efrS &efuek o f @kd a&mufvmonf? ta&;awmfy}kH u;D pwif+y;D r=umrDrmS
yif a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf tvGet f a&;}u;D aomqH;k jzwfcsuu f ckd svukd o f nf?
ol@udk rdcifjzpfou l omvdt k yfonfr[kw/f wdik ;f jynfuvnf;vdt k yfaeonf
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twGuf axmufcrH u _ akd wmif;cHcrhJ nfrmS aocsmonf[k uAsmq&m}u;D wifr;kd u
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nmaom ajrtaetxm;ay:wGif awmifuek ;f awmifwef;ay: Y Ak'b < mombk&m;
Sankei Travel service
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ausmif;uefrsm;ukd awG@&onf? ,if;tkef;zefac:trf;zmonf e,fpyf+rdK@ Special Discount Air Tickets
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ukd [kda±G@'Da±G@vkyfum xrif;jzLESifh[if;a&ukde,fzufI pm;&aawmhonf? Tel: 03 3564-3456 Fax: 03 3562 3930
Tok@d jzifh eHeufpmpm;aomuf+y;D aumfzcD sKdwcGupf aD omuf=u.? e-mail: sakura@sankeitourist.co.jp
“q&mæq&m oH;k csifwmoH;k Ekid af tmif aiGwode;f (bwf),lomG ;ygq&mæ” tcsder
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16? MTKtzJ@G om;rsm; 12˜000(wpfaomif;ESpaf xmif,ef;) [J[kd rd;k aomuf=u,f? tdbm&mudu tef*sDtakd wG&@J ESpyf wfvnfnv D mcHukd
vufusefaiG- 14˜1405(q,fah v;aomif;wpfaxmifav;&mig;,ef;wdwd) tjyifrmS &Sad ewJh jrefrmawGrvmbl;qdw k mzwf&vd@k awmfawmfa'goxGurf w d ,f
Asm? tckavmavmq,f usaemfw@kd u tzrf;cHae&vd@k yg? usaemfw@kd omjyefxu G f
0ifaiGppk ak ygif; 198845(wpfq,fu
h ;kd aomif;&Spaf xmif&pS &f mav;q,fih g;,ef;) vm&if b,favmufbt J a&;}u;D }u;D ra&mufa&mufatmifukd oGm;r,fqw kd mudk
ajymay;ygaemfæ
xGufaiG [kwu f -hJ t&ifval wGvnf; 'Dvb kd aJ jymcJw
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J ? aemif}u;D wd@k vnf; 'Dywk f
twJ(G 3)trSw(f 11)pm±du
fk cf 10˜000(wpfaomif;,ef;wdwd) xJu'DyrJ jzpfatmif tvkyef @J omoufaojy=uygvd@k bJ arwWm&yfcyH g&apæ
pmyd@k c 7˜060(ckEpS af xmifajcmufq,f,ef;)

umvmaumfyD 17˜500(wpfaomif;ckEpS af xmifih g;&m,ef;)
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;rdef@cGef;rsm;pmtkyf
pm±Gušf Printeraq;0,f 11˜953(wpfwpfu;kd ig;oH;k ,ef;wdwd)
tvdk&Sdolrsm;
xGuaf iGppk ak ygif; 46˜513(av;aomif;ajcmufaxmifig;&mwpfq,fo
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f ef;)
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(1) “acG;r- oluwHimS vkyrf ,fq&dk if eifo@l uk, d yl grh ,fv@dk ajymvku d wf ,fq”dk wJ?h
ukjd r&Sief @J ywfouf&if usKyfawmhem;rvnfwmrsm;ygw,f? 'Dawmh “[kwaf wmh[w k yf gw,f/ 'gayrJæ h ”bJajym&ao;w,f? “'gayrJah wG
usKyfu}dk uKd ufygw,fv@dk pajymcJu h wnf;up+y;D em;rvnfcw hJ mygawmfæ? bmawGvyk rf aeeJ@wJ/h 'Daumif igvkb d J 'k;d wlabmifbuf wHimS vkyrf ,fqv dk @dk u
awmfw@dk bJpOf;pm;=unfah væ/ usKyfu‘ig;o,f? Aswfuav;eJ jh yefusaps; vrf; awmh igvJoabmwlw,fw?hJ ol@rdbawG+y;D &if+y;D +yæ D ”wJ?h tJ'rD mS udpu P jywf
ab;rSm =uKH ovkcd sa&mif;&wJih g;o,f? olu‘ausmif;q&m’? wu,fqdk ol}uKd uf awmhwmbJ ? ol@rSmu rdbawGrrS &Sad wmhwm? olu waumifºuufOpPm?
p&m&Sm;ork@d vm;? t&yfoal csmacsmuav;awG/ ausmif;olav;awG/ olvx dk u J (3)
q&mrvSvSuav;awGjynfhvkd@? ausmif;q&mtvkyq f wdk m wHimS onftvkyef J t h uGm}u;D ygawmf? olu rlv
usKyu f }dk uKd uyf gw,fv@dk vmajymawmh usKyu f em;rvnfEidk v f eG ;f vk@d “usKyu f dk wef;ausmif;q&mqkad yrJh 0ifaiGu ig;zrf;pm;wmxufawmh yHrk eS 0f ifao;wmbJ?
bmha=umif=h uKd uf&wmvJæ”vkd ah r;ygw,f? b,fenf;eJ@rS a&&Sncf EH idk rf mS r[kwzf ;l vk@d usKyfuawmh aocsmaygufwu G x f m;
olajzyHu k sawmhvv J , G v f u dk w f m/ ‘ESz;l pm’avwJ?h uJæ usKyu f vJ tJ'ED zS ;l vkdufw,f?
pmqkdwm}uD;ukdem;rvnfawmhwm? usKyfu tJ'DwHk;u ol@ukdjyef}udKufwm usKyt f azeJ@vku d jf y;D awmh yifyifyrf;yrf; cufcufccJ eJ @J ukd wHimS twwfudk oif
r}uKd ufwmtomxm;vk@d pdwu f &_yaf ewm? 'geJ@vG,v f , G b f J ajymvku d w f ,f? ,l&wmygawmf? usKyv f J usKypf um;eJ@usKyf oleJ n h m;awmhwmygb?J nm;vJ+y;D a&m
“awmfuausmif;q&mr[kwzf J usKyw f @dk vkw d iH mS onfqv dk J augi;f om;vk@d æ” a':usKyf}u;D ajymwmvkyd gbJ/ usKyfvJ ol@ukd odycf spfomG ;awmhwmygbJ?
tJ'aD wmh ukjd r&Si&f ,fav/ bmrSawmifrpOf;pm;bl;? olvJ usKyu f wdk u,fcsp&f mS wmyg? usKyu f ajymygao;w,f? “wiSmonfrvkyf
“'gq&dk ifawmh odyv f , G o f mG ;+y/D usKyaf usmif;q&mrvkyaf wmhb;l / wHimS onf yge@J awmh/ ausmif;q&mbJjyefvyk yf g? tazhuadk jymay;ygrh ,fæ”ayg?h uk, d u f cspf
bJvkyfawmhr,fæ”wJ?h usKyfuawmhaemufaew,fbx J ifwm/ r[kwzf ;l awmf vm+yu D ;dk ? r&ygbl;awmf/ tazpdwn f pfomG ;vdrrhf ,fw/hJ +y;D awmhwiH mS onfe@J ig;
fa&@æ wu,fajymaewmwJh? o,fe@J nm;wmbJ obm0usygw,fw?hJ +y;D awmh tazeJ@ole@J u vku d vf v J u dk f
“'Dr,facG;r- eift h a=umif;igaugif;augif;od+y;D om;wJ?h eifrh mS tarvJr&Sd w,f? “'Daugiw f u,f}uKd ;pm;wJah umifuw G /hJ igv
h rdk [kwzf ;l / wHimS qkad yrJh }u;D yGm;
awmhbl;? tazwHiSmonftzkd;}uD;eJ@ae&wm? ol@ukdeifrcJGEkdifovkd/ oluvJ rJah ugifwhJ / acG;r- eif=unfah e/ 'Djr&Siq f w dk ahJ umif[m wae@us&if wHimS awmh
eifu h rdk cJEG idk b f ;l ? oluvJ ol@wHimS tvkyu f rdk pGef Eh idk b f ;l ? 'Dawmh &Si;f &Si;f av;&,f/ wHimS bJ/ 'gayrJh tif;ol=u;D awGbmawG wufjzpfrahJ umifuæ G ”wJh/
eifomighu, dk rl ,fq&dk if ig eifw@dk eJ@vmaer,f? igvJ wHimS bJvyk af wmhr,fw/hJ (4)
igeifu h o dk yd cf spfw,fæ”wJh? ukjd r&Siu f vJ }uKd ;pm;vku d w
f mrS tcsderf a±G;ukv d yk af wmhwm? wHimS onfyo D
usKyu f o dk yd cf sp&f atmif usKyu f t±kyq f ;dk t=unf;wefr r[kwaf yrJh vSrrS vS vku d wf mrS ig;}u;D ig;uav; ig;ra±G;/ tvkyt f }u;D tao;/ &moD tqk;d taumif;
wm}uD;ukd? +yD;awmh vlrajymeJ@ emr,fawmifrvSbl;? ‘acG;r’wJhæ? tvkyfu bmrS=unfah ewmr[kwzf ;l ? tazu “jr&Siaf &æ”vk@d ac:vku d &f if olu avSay:
ig;o,f/ pmuaugi;f augi;f rwwf? ig;o,fqadk wmh 0wfwmpm;wmua&m/ pkwf a&mufEiS ahf e+y?D tazt&ufaomuf&if olvaJ omuf/ =uufwu dk &f if olvw J u dk yf ?J
jywfaewm? vifpw d of m;pdwq f w dk m olu}uKd ufygw,fv@dk vmajymawmhrb S J usKyfw@dk tokid ;f t0kid ;f wHimS onfawGu yxr ol@ukd ausmif;q&mvlxu G q f +dk y;D
jzwfueJay:vmawmhwmygawmfæ? tm;emwmeJ@ tawmfuav; cyfwef;wef;eJ@aygi;f =uwm? olub,f[w k v f rd rhf mS
rk;d }uKd ;ypf used &f yJ g&@J ? 'Dw;kH u olwiH mS onfvyk af wmhr,fqadk wmh b,f,v kH rd hf vJ? wcgxaJ &mypfvu dk w f m wvawmifr=umvku d yf gb;l / ukjd r&Si[ f m woufv;kH
rSmwH;k / 'ge@J jy;D pvG,b f aJ jymvku d w f ,f? “awmfuwHimS onfvyk rf ,fqv dk @dk rS usKyf 'Du|ef;±Gmuav;ay: }uD;vm+yD; woufvHk;ig;zrf;pm;vmwJhvlusaewmbJ?
u awmhu f jdk yefr}uKd u&f if usKyt f qk;d jzpfawmhraygah wmfæ”vk@d jyefajymvku d w f ,f olvJ wHiSmtwwf aumif;aumif;wwfvkd@ ajcmufvavmufvJ=uma&m
(2) tazavjzwfygava&m? nmvufe@J b,fajcaxmuf a'giw fh ef;qJG ta=umawG
tJ'aD e@v,fu usKyfig;awGa&mif;vk@d ukeaf wmh usKyfw@dk tdr&f w dS hJ u|ef;xJudk aooGm;yga&mvm;æ? woufv;kH wHimS tvkyf rvkyEf idk af wmhygb;l ? 'ge@J usKyu f
avS=uKH eJ@jyefcw hJ ,f? usKyw f @dk aewJu h |e;f qkwd mu rEWav;taemufzuf {&m0wD ukjd r&Siu f adk jymygao;w,f? “tazvJ wHimS rvkyEf idk af wmhb;l æ/ awmfvJ wHimS r
jrpf}u;D xJu eef;awmfu|e;f wk@d / orifjcyH wf0w J @dk qkwd hJ u|e;f }u;D awG&@J taemufzuf vky&f if bmrSajymawmhrmS r[kwzf ;l ? ausmif;q&mjyefvyk cf sifvyk af væ”vkd@?
uku d sao;wm? aemufay:wJu h |ef;aygufpuav;yg/ awmfawmfuadk cgifwmygvk@d 'Dawmh olu- “tazpdwrf augi;f jzpfrmS aocsmw,fw/hJ ckv'dk u k wdQ jzpfaewJh
qk?d tJ- tdrx f v J 0J ifvu dk af &m tazeJ@xkid pf ug;ajymaewJo h @l ukd awG@awmhwmbJ? tcsdefrSm olpdwfcsrf;omatmifxm;bkd@ykdvkdw,fæ”wJh ? olu pmwwfw,f
tHah &m? usKyfawmh em;ukrd vnfawmhb;l ? r[kwv f m;? oluyko d w d maygh?
olutazhuZdk gwfp&kH iS ;f jy;D om;jzpfaejyD ? tazuusKyfuw dk ef;ar;wmbJ ? cufwmu ukjd r&Sief @J ±GmcHawGe@J ody&f if;ES;D vmawmh ±GmcHawGu ol@ukd remvkd
h u
kd u
0wˆKwdk
wwfvm=ujyDav? olu pmwwfaywwfr[kwfvm;æ? bmav;bJajymajym eifv, J rkH mS r[kwzf ;l ? 'gayrJeh ifuawmhighr,m;rkd ah jymjyr,fæ”wJh ?
usefwv hJ al wGu ol@ukrd aDS tmifajymEkid =f uwmrSr[kwzf ?J =umvmav ukjd r&Sif usKyw f @dk rnm;cifwESpu f wJæ h ol@oli,fcsi;f wa,mufe@J &efuek u f v dk u dk o f mG ;
bmajymajym‘ºum;w,f/ vlwwfvkyfw,f’vkd@ xifvm=uavbJ? wmwJ?h wJcw dk t hJ rd rf mS vGwv f w G vf yfvyf&w dS meJ@ oli,fi,fu ol t h azqDu&
(5) vkdufwJh oDcsif;wyk'fukd pdwfvkdvuf&qkdrdowJh/ tJ'DoDcsif;u ‘o=um;rSeful
wae@awmh t}u;D qH;k jy\emay:awmhwmbJ? usKyfw@dk tdrrf mS pk+y;D t&uf tke;f rSeu f ’l qkw d rhJ EWav;oDcsif;? aemufajymifpyfxm;wJo h cD sif;yg?
aomuf=uwJw h n? t&uf0idk ;f qkad wmh a&mufwwf&m&m oDcsi;f awGbmawG qkd rEWav;rSm&Ekid w f hJ tpm;tpmawGudk pm&if;vky+f y;D oDcsi;f pyfxm;wm? tJ't D
=uwmayg?h wGaH w;ode;f wefocD si;f awGbJ rsm;wmygb?J aemufawmh wa,mufu csed rf mS wzuftrd u f t dk vnfa&mufaewJh tqkad wmfrmrmat;u =um;oGm;awmh
‘rmrmat;’oDcsif;qkw d ,f? tptqH;k r[kwyf gbl; ? &oavmufygbJ? tJ'gu 'Dbuftrd u f ;l vm+y;D ol@uk, d of rl wd qf uf&if; pmom;ukad wmif;ygowJ?h pmom;
av;ukb d J tm;vH;k ody}f uKd u=f u+y;D awmh rmrmat;cs;D rGr;f crf;zGi=hf uawmhwmayg?h ay;vkdufawmh tvkdufuav;jyefqkdjyygtHk;qkdvkd@ qkdjy&wmwJh? rmrmat;u
tJ'rD mS ukjd r&Siu f bm0ifajymvku d o f vJqadk wmh- ‘olu, dk w f idk f rmrmat;eJ@ awmh wuJyh g&rD&iS q f adk wmh c%uav;eJ@ tvku d u f v dk &J oGm;wmygbJw?hJ
awG@bl;wJt h a=umif;’/ 'DrmS wif tm;vH;k u 0kid ;f [m;=uawmhwmbJ? ukjd r&Siu f vJ 'Dvq dk adk wmh odyjf zpfEidk w f mayg?h usKyu f “awmft[kwaf jymwmvm;æ”vk@d qkd
rav#mb h ;l ? ‘awG@±Hw k ifr[kwzf ;l wJ/h olqw kd o hJ cD si;f ukd rmrmat;uvkcd siyf gw,fqdk awmh “t[kwfajymwmyguGmæ”wJ?h 'geJ h [kv d al wGudk bmvkad jymrjyvku d w f m
vk@d oluoifay;vku d &f wJt h a=umif;’? tJ'rD mS wif w0kid ;f vH;k ajAmif;qefuek af wmh vJv@dk qkad wmh- “tpuwJu igurSm;+y;D ajymvku d rf w d mygumG wJ?h olw@dk ukd &Si;f jy
wmbJ? avSmif=u ajymif=u / &d=u uvd=ueJ@ 0kid ;f [m;=uwm? +z;D wmvJ+z;D ºum; aep&mvJ rvkyd gb;l wJ?h olvJ aemufxyf&iS ;f aeawmhrmS r[kwzf ;l æ”wJ?h usKyu f dk
wmawmhºum;aygh? 'gayrJh tvGet f u|Hawmhrvkyzf @dk / wHimS onfawG / awmom; vJ b,fawmhrjS yefrajym&bl;vkd h tusdecf idk ;f vk@d usdev f u dk &f ao;w,f?
awGq+dk y;D xifwidk ;f vSrd v hf @dk &vdrrf ,fawmhrxifb@dk bmnmaygh qlnaH ewmygb?J usKyfrcHEidk q f ;kH uawmh uk0d ufwdk ih jyL;wk@d tkypf u k ukjd r&Sief J rh mrmat;udpP
usKyu f 0ifajymrdao;w,f?“ukjd r&Si&f ,f [kwaf um[kw&f @J vm;æ” vkd@? ukrd +y;D Ekid af wmhb;l / [kad e&mawG@vJ 'gb?J 'Dae&mvJ'gb?J ukjd r&Siw f a,mufawmh
'Dawmh-“'kuyQ gbaJ cG;r&,fw/hJ igph um;ukd igrh ,m;awmifr,Hak wmhygvm;æ” rcsjd yKH ;uav;eJ h bmrSurdk ajymawmhwm/ usKyu f vJused x f m;&wmr_wv f m;? usKyf
wJh? odwmukv d jJ yefrajymygb;l ? ajymvJtvug;bJav? b,frmS vJoufao? rmrm
[kww f ,f? usrvJ r,Hw k mawmhtrSeb f ?J ukjd r&Siu f rEWav;om;/ +rKd @ay:uqkd at;oGm;ar;&rvkjd zpfaewm/ usKy&f ifxrJ mS awmh rcHcsiw f phJ wd af wGeJ w h if;=uyfae
ayrJh rk;d }uKd ;ypfb&k m;pl;&,fyg? rEWav;+rKd @&J@taemufajrmufaxmifh a&$jynfrif;wJ wmbJ?
tD u if ; ausmf + yD ; xD ; wef a qmif ; bk & m;ajrmuf z uf t &yf u ol @ Zmwd a v/ (6)
ausmif;q&mvkyaf wmhvJ &yfuu G rf v l wef;ausmif;q&muav;yg? rmrmat;eJ@ wae@awmh rif;*Ge;f ra&mufcif jrpfv,frmS topfay:wJah omifxyd u f o&uf
b,fvedk ;D pyfrmS vJ/ aemuf+y;D awmh ol@[mu jrifb;l ygw,fqw dk mavmufqadk wmf arSmu f av;ukd usKyw f @dk vifr,m; avSuav;qku d +f y;D auG@av;xJ ref}u;D ukid ;f awG
ao;? ckawmh vlu, dk w f idk af wG@bl;,Hw k ifrubJ oluawmif oDcsi;f wufay;vku d f rsm;cs&augif;rvm;vkd =h unfah e=uwH;k / armfawmf=u;D wpif; jrpfv,frmS puf&yf
&ao;w,fqadk wmh usKyfvJ b,f,v kH rd rhf mS vJ ? oGm;vkd h usKyfw@dk avSeJ rh eD;ra0;rSmvmqku d w f ,f? pufuedk eJ jJ yif&tH;k rSmqkad wmh
(4) armfawmfay:rSmygvmwJh c&D;onfeeJ J aomifay:ukd tanmif;ajytnmajy qif;
tJ'w D nvH;k uawmh ukjd r&Siu f dk aemuf=uajymif=uawmhwmygb?J rmrmat; vm=uw,f ?
ukd oDcsi;f oifay;wH;k u ±ku d &f ao;vm;æ/ 'g%af y;±Hb k vJ m;æ/ bmnmeJ@ w0g;0g; tJ- tJ't D yk pf x k u J trsdK;orD;wa,muf[m ukjd r&Siu f vdk jJ rifa&m 0rf;om
ygbJ? usKyfuawmh uk, d ahf ,musFm;ukd 'gavmufawmif 0kid ;f avSmifae=uwmukd tm;&ajy;vmwJh+yD; “&Sif &Sif ukjd r&Sirf [kwv f m;æ”wJ?h 0rf;yrf;womE_wq f uf
awmh r}uKd uyf gb;l ? ukjd r&Siu f awmh r,Hv k aJ e=uaygw h ?hJ olbmrSqufr&Si;f awmh &Smwmav ? b,fo&l &dS tH;k rSmvJ/ tqkad wmfrmrmat;aygh&iS ?f usKyfa,musFm;
bl;wJh? ba'G;}uD;zkd;xl;uawmh “ae=uprf;ygtH;k uGm / ol rmrmat;ukd b,frmS ukdjr&SifajymwmawG tm;vHk;trSefawGbJawmh?
b,fvadk wG@vk@d bmha=umifh bmoDcsif;ukd b,fvw dk ufay;&w,fqw dk mvJ ar; a':rmrmat;u &efuek rf mS wH;k u ukjd r&Siu f b dk mvufaqmifrrS ay;vku d &f vk@d
tH;k rSayghuæ G ”vkd 0h ifjy;D ajym&Smygw,f ? wJ/h aiGig;&may;w,f? aemuf olw@dk rSmygvmwJh bmuifr&m}u;D rSe;f rodygbl;?
'gayrJh uk0d ufu rl;rl;eJ@0if+y;D “awG@wmutdyrf ufxrJ mS / wufay;wJo h cD si;f u "gwyf ±kH u dk v f u dk &f if csucf si;f t±kyaf wGay:vm+y;D =unfv h @dk &w,f? tJ'g=u;D eJ u h sKyf
csKrd idk rf idk Af smæ”vk@d aESmufvu dk af wmh w0kid ;f vH;k w0g;0g; w[m;[m;eJ@ usKyfvif wk@d vifr,m; ESpaf ,mufyakH wGvJ ±ku d af y;w,f? ole@J vJw+GJ y;D awmh±u dk w f ,f? +y;D
uawmh rcsjd yKH ;uav;eJ@bJ ‘[kwyf gw,f/ [kwyf gw,f’eJ ah evku d &f &Smwmayg&h iS ?f awmh tJ'"D gwfyakH wG usKyfw@dk ukad y;cJw h mav?
usKyfuawmh ukd,fhvifukd,fr,Hkwmuwykdif;bJ / 'gavmufawmif0kdif;+yD; "gwyf akH wGrS tm;vH;k &Spyf akH wmifb?J a&mifpakH wGqakd wmh vSrv S /S a':rmrmat;
avSmifae=uawmh rcHEidk af wmhb;l ? wJaemufaz;oGm;+y;D iku d ydk pfvu dk &f w,f? t+r;D u odyo f abmaumif;wm? usKyfuv dk J ‘nDrav; nDrav;’eJ ?h ukjd r&Siu f v dk J
ukefoGm;wmxyfjznfhbkd@ ig;ovJxkd;uav;awGa=umfxm;wmvJ apwemysuf aus;Zl;wifveG ;f vkd yh gwJq h ?dk
oGm;vk@d csray;awmhb;l ? rSwu f a&m? wJa&Sv › J jyefrxGuaf wmhb;l ? wcgxJ tdyf ukjd r&Siq f u D &wJo h cD sif;u a&S;±kyaf o;rif;orD;}u;D ‘taryk’qkw d m? &Sm;&Sm;
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2 Moe Thauk Kye Journal

r[kwv f m;æ SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7,

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