H

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Basic Formulas
1.
_
ax
n
dx =
a
n+1
x
n+1
2.
_
dx
ax+b
=
1
a
ln |ax + b|
3.
_
ab
x
dx =
1
ln b
ab
x
4.
_
sin ax dx =
cos ax
a
5.
_
cos ax dx =
sin ax
a
6.
_
tan ax dx =
ln|cos ax|
a
7.
_
u dv = uv
_
v du
8. sin(x) = cos(x

2
)
9. sin
2
(x) = 1 cos
2
(x)
10. sin(2x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x)
11. cos(2x) = 2 cos
2
(x) 1
12. tan(x) =
1cos(2x)
sin(2x)
13. a sin(x) + b cos(x) =

a
2
+ b
2
sin(x + tan
1 b
a
)
Rational Functions
14.
_
x
ax+b
dx =
x
a

b
a
2
ln |ax + b|
15.
_
x
2
ax+b
dx =
x
2
2a

bx
a
2

3b
2
a
3
+
b
2
a
3
ln |ax + b|
16.
_
dx
(ax+b)
2
=
1
a(ax+b)
17.
_
x
(ax+b)
2
dx =
b
a
2
(ax+b)
+
1
a
2
ln |ax + b|
18.
_
x
2
(ax+b)
2
dx =
ax+b
a
3

b
2
a
3
(ax+b)

2b
a
3
ln |ax + b|
19.
_
dx
x(ax+b)
=
1
b
ln

x
ax+b

20.
_
dx
x
2
(ax+b)
=
a
b
2
ln

ax+b
x

1
bx
21.
_
dx
x
2
(ax+b)
2
=
2a
b
3
ln

ax+b
x

2ax+b
b
2
x(ax+b)
22.
_
dx
x(x
2
+a
2
)
=
1
2a
2
ln
_
x
2
x
2
+a
2
_
23.
_
dx
x
2
(x
2
+a
2
)
=
1
a
2
x

1
a
3
tan
1
_
x
a
_
24.
_
x
2
(x
2
+a
2
)
2
dx =
1
2a
tan
1
_
x
a
_

x
2(x
2
+a
2
)
25.
_
dx
x(x
2
a
2
)
=
1
2a
2
ln

x
2
a
2
x
2

26.
_
dx
x
2
(x
2
a
2
)
=
1
a
2
x
+
1
2a
3
ln

xa
x+a

27.
_
x
2
(x
2
a
2
)
2
dx =
x
2(a
2
x
2
)

1
4a
ln

x+a
xa

28.
_
dx
x
2
+ax+b
=

4ba
2
tan
1
_
2x+a

4ba
2
_
if 4b > a
2
1
x+a/2
if 4b = a
2
1

a
2
4b
ln

2x+a

a
2
4b
2x+a+

a
2
4b

if 4b < a
2
29.
_
x
x
2
+ax+b
dx =
1
2
ln

x
2
+ ax + b

4ba
2
tan
1
_
2x+a

4ba
2
_
if 4b > a
2
a
2x+a
if 4b = a
2
a
2

a
2
4b
ln

2x+a

a
2
4b
2x+a+

a
2
4b

if 4b < a
2
30.
_
x
2
x
2
+ax+b
dx = x
a
2
ln

x
2
+ ax + b

a
2
2b

4ba
2
tan
1
_
2x+a

4ba
2
_
if 4b > a
2
a
2
4x+2a
if 4b = a
2
a
2
2b
2

a
2
4b
ln

2x+a

a
2
4b
2x+a+

a
2
4b

if 4b < a
2
1
H
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31.
_
dx
x
3
+a
3
=
1
6a
2
ln

x
2
+2ax+a
2
x
2
ax+a
2

+
1

3a
2
tan
1
_
2xa

3a
_
32.
_
x
x
3
+a
3
dx =
1
6a
ln

x
2
ax+a
2
x
2
+2ax+a
2

+
1

3a
tan
1
_
2xa

3a
_
33.
_
dx
x
4
+a
4
=
1
4

2a
3
ln

x
2
+

2ax+a
2
x
2

2ax+a
2

+
1
2

2a
3
tan
1
_

2a
a
2
x
2
_
34.
_
x
x
4
+a
4
dx =
1
2a
2
tan
1
_
a
2
x
2
_
35.
_
x
2
x
4
+a
4
dx =
1
4

2a
ln

x
2

2ax+a
2
x
2
+

2ax+a
2

+
1
2

2a
tan
1
_

2a
a
2
x
2
_
Square Roots
36.
_
ax + b dx =
2
3a
(ax + b)
3/2
37.
_
dx

ax+b
=
2
a

ax + b
38.
_
x

ax + b dx =
6ax4b
15a
2
(ax + b)
3/2
39.
_
x

ax+b
dx =
2ax4b
3a
2

ax + b
40.
_

ax+b
x
dx = 2

ax + b +

b ln

ax+b

ax+b +

if b > 0
2

b tan
1
__
ax+b
b
_
if b < 0
41.
_
dx
x

ax+b
=

b
ln

ax+b

ax+b +

if b > 0
2

b
tan
1
__
ax+b
b
_
if b < 0
42.
_
_
ax+b
rx+s
dx =
2(asbr)
r
2
_
u
2
(u
2
a/c)
2
du
where u =
_
ax+b
rx+s
, see eqs. 24 & 27
43.
_
dx
a

x +b
=
2

x
a

2b
a
2
ln |a

x + b|
44.
_

x
a

x +b
dx =
x
a

2b

x
a
2
+
2b
2
a
3
ln |a

x + b|
45.
_
x
a

x +b
dx =
2
3a
x
3/2

bx
a
2
+
2b
2
a
3

x
2b
3
a
4
ln |a

x + b|
46.
_
_
x + a

x + b dx =
_
2
3
x
a
6

x +
2b
3

a
2
4
_
(x + a

x + b)
3/2

_
ab
a
3
4
_
ln

x +
a
2
+
_
x + a

x + b

47.
_
x
2
+ a
2
dx =
1
2
x

x
2
+ a
2
+
a
2
2
ln

x +

x
2
+ a
2

48.
_
x
2
a
2
dx =
1
2
x

x
2
a
2

a
2
2
ln

x +

x
2
a
2

49.
_
a
2
x
2
dx =
1
2
x

a
2
x
2
+
a
2
2
sin
1

x
a

50.
_
x
2

x
2
+ a
2
dx =
2x
3
+a
2
x
8

x
2
+ a
2

a
4
8
ln

x +

x
2
+ a
2

51.
_
x
2

x
2
a
2
dx =
2x
3
a
2
x
8

x
2
a
2

a
4
8
ln

x +

x
2
a
2

2
H
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52.
_
x
2

a
2
x
2
dx =
2x
3
a
2
x
8

a
2
x
2
+
a
4
8
sin
1
_
x
a
_
53.
_

x
2
+a
2
x
dx =

x
2
+ a
2

a ln

a+

x
2
+a
2
x

54.
_

x
2
a
2
x
dx =

x
2
a
2
a sec
1
_
x
a
_
55.
_

a
2
x
2
x
dx =

a
2
x
2

a ln

a+

a
2
x
2
x

56.
_

x
2
+a
2
x
2
dx =

x
2
+a
2
x
+
ln

x +

x
2
+ a
2

57.
_

x
2
a
2
x
2
dx =

x
2
a
2
x
+
ln

x +

x
2
a
2

58.
_

a
2
x
2
x
2
dx =

a
2
x
2
x
sin
1
_
x
a
_
59.
_
dx

x
2
+a
2
= ln

x +

x
2
+ a
2

60.
_
dx

x
2
a
2
= ln

x +

x
2
a
2

61.
_
dx

a
2
x
2
= sin
1
_
x
a
_
62.
_
x
2

x
2
+a
2
dx =
1
2
x

x
2
+ a
2

a
2
2
ln

x +

x
2
+ a
2

63.
_
x
2

x
2
a
2
dx =
1
2
x

x
2
a
2
+
a
2
2
ln

x +

x
2
a
2

64.
_
x
2

a
2
x
2
dx =
1
2
x

a
2
x
2
+
a
2
2
sin
1
_
x
a
_
65.
_
dx
x

x
2
+a
2
=
1
a
ln

a+

x
2
+a
2
x

66.
_
dx
x

x
2
a
2
=
1
a
sec
1

x
a

67.
_
dx
x

a
2
x
2
=
1
a
ln

a+

a
2
x
2
x

68.
_
dx
x
2

x
2
+a
2
=

x
2
+a
2
a
2
x
69.
_
dx
x
2

x
2
a
2
=

x
2
a
2
a
2
x
70.
_
dx
x
2

a
2
x
2
=

a
2
x
2
a
2
x
71.
_
dx
x+

x
2
+a
2
=
x
2a
2

x
2
+ a
2

x
2
2a
2
+
1
2
ln(x +

x
2
+ a
2
)
72.
_
dx
x+

x
2
a
2
=
x
2a
2

x
2
a
2
+
x
2
2a
2
+
1
2
ln(x +

x
2
a
2
)
73.
_
dx
x+

a
2
x
2
= ln(x +

a
2
x
2
)
1
4
ln |2x
2
a
2
| +
1
2
tan
1
_
x

a
2
x
2
_
74.
_
dx
a+

a
2
x
2
=

a
2
x
2
x
+
tan
1
_
x

a
2
x
2
_

a
x
Natural Logarithms
75.
_
x
n
ln x dx =
x
n+1
ln x
n+1

x
n+1
(n+1)
2
, n = 1
76.
_
ln x
x
dx =
1
2
(ln x)
2
77.
_
(ln x)
m
x
dx =
(ln x)
m+1
m+1
, m = 1
78.
_
dx
xln x
= ln |ln x|
79.
_
ln x
(x+a)
2
dx =
1
a
_
x
x+a
ln x ln |x + a|
_
80.
_
(ln x)
2
dx = x[(ln x)
2
2 ln x + 2]
3
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81.
_
ln(a

x + b) dx =
(x
b
2
a
2
) ln(a

x + b)
x
2
+
b

x
a
82.
_
ln(x
2
+ ax + b) dx = 2x a +
(x +
a
2
) ln(x
2
+ ax + b)+

4b a
2
tan
1
_
2x

4ba
2
_
if 4b > a
2
0 if 4b = a
2
1
2

a
2
4b ln

2x+a+

a
2
4b
2x+a

a
2
4b

if 4b < a
2
83.
_
ln(x +

x
2
+ a
2
) dx =

x
2
+ a
2
+
x ln(x +

x
2
+ a
2
)
84.
_
ln(x +

x
2
a
2
) dx =

x
2
a
2
+
x ln(x +

x
2
a
2
)
85.
_
ln(x

x
2
a
2
) dx = 2x ln a +

x
2
a
2
x ln(x +

x
2
a
2
)
86.
_
ln(x +

a
2
x
2
) dx =
x ln(x +

a
2
x
2
) x
a
2
ln

a+

a
2
x
2
x

87.
_
ln(a +

a
2
x
2
) dx = x +
x ln(a +

a
2
x
2
) a sin
1
_
x
a
_
88.
_
ln(x
3
+ a
3
) dx = x ln(x
3
+ a
3
) x +
a
2
ln

x
2
+2ax+a
2
x
2
ax+a
2

3a tan
1
_
2x

3a
_
Exponential Functions
89.
_
xe
ax
dx =
xe
ax
a

e
ax
a
2
90.
_
x
2
e
ax
dx =
x
2
e
ax
a

2xe
ax
a
2
+
2e
ax
a
3
91.
_
e
a

x
dx =
2
a

xe
a

2
a
2
e
a

x
92.
_
dx
b+e
ax
=
x
b

1
ab
ln |b + e
ax
|
93.
_
e
ax
b+e
ax
dx =
1
a
ln |b + e
ax
|
94.
_
e
ax
+ b dx =
2
a

e
ax
+ b +

b
a
ln

e
ax
+b

e
ax
+b +

if b > 0

b
a
tan
1
_

e
ax
+b

b
_
if b < 0
95.
_
b e
ax
dx =
2
a

b e
ax
+

b
a
ln

e
ax
+b

e
ax
+b+

96.
_
dx

be
ax
=

b
a
ln

be
ax

be
ax
+

97.
_
dx

e
ax
+b
=

b
a
ln

e
ax
+b

e
ax
+b +

if b > 0
2

b
a
tan
1
_

e
ax
+b

b
_
if b < 0
98.
_
e
ax
sin(bx) dx =
e
ax
a
2
+b
2
[a sin(bx) b cos(bx)]
99.
_
e
ax
cos(bx) dx =
e
ax
a
2
+b
2
[b sin(bx) + a cos(bx)]
4
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100.
_
xe
ax
sin(bx) dx =
e
ax
a
2
+b
2
[ax sin(bx)
bx cos(bx)
a
2
b
2
a
2
+b
2
sin(bx) +
2ab
a
2
+b
2
cos(bx)]
101.
_
xe
ax
cos(bx) dx =
e
ax
a
2
+b
2
[bx sin(bx) +
ax cos(bx)
a
2
b
2
a
2
+b
2
cos(bx)
2ab
a
2
+b
2
sin(bx)]
Trigonometric Functions
102.
_
sin
2
(x) dx =
x
2

sin(2x)
4
103.
_
sin
3
(x) dx = sin
2
(x) cos(x)
2
3
cos
3
(x)
104.
_
cos
2
(x) dx =
x
2
+
sin(2x)
4
105.
_
cos
3
(x) dx = sin(x) cos
2
(x) +
2
3
sin
3
(x)
106.
_
sin
2
(x) cos
2
(x) dx =
x
16

sin(4x)
32
107.
_
x sin(x) dx = sin(x) x cos(x)
108.
_
x
2
sin(x) dx = 2 cos(x) +
2x sin(x) x
2
cos(x)
109.
_
x sin
2
(x) dx =
x
2
4

xsin(2x)
4

cos(2x)
8
110.
_
x
2
sin
2
(x) dx =
x
3
6

x
2
sin(2x)
4

xcos(2x)
4
+
sin(2x)
8
111.
_
x cos(x) dx = cos(x) + x sin(x)
112.
_
x
2
cos(x) dx = 2 sin(x) +
2x cos(x) + x
2
sin(x)
113.
_
x cos
2
(x) dx =
x
2
4
+
xsin(2x)
4
+
cos(2x)
8
114.
_
x
2
cos
2
(x) dx =
x
3
6
+
x
2
sin(2x)
4
+
xcos(2x)
4

sin(2x)
8
115.
_
dx
sin(x)
= ln

1cos(x)
sin(x)

116.
_
dx
cos(x)
= ln

1+sin(x)
cos(x)

117.
_
dx
sin
2
(x)
= cot(x)
118.
_
dx
cos
2
(x)
= tan(x)
119.
_
dx
sin
3
(x)
=
cos
2
(x)
2 sin(x)
+
1
2
ln

1cos(x)
sin(x)

120.
_
dx
cos
3
(x)
=
sin
2
(x)
2 cos(x)
+
1
2
ln

1+sin(x)
cos(x)

121.
_
dx
sin
2
(x) cos(x)
= ln

1+sin(x)
cos(x)

1
sin(x)
122.
_
dx
sin(x) cos
2
(x)
= ln

1cos(x)
sin(x)

+
1
cos(x)
123.
_
sin(x) sin(x + a) dx =
1
2
x cos(a)
1
4
sin(2x + a)
124.
_
sin(ax) sin(bx) dx =
sin((ab)x)
2(ab)

sin((a+b)x)
2(a+b)
125.
_
cos(ax) cos(bx) dx =
sin((ab)x)
2(ab)
+
sin((a+b)x)
2(a+b)
126.
_
sin(ax) cos(bx) dx =
cos((ab)x)
2(ab)

cos((a+b)x)
2(a+b)
127.
_
dx
1sin(x)
= tan
_

4

x
2
_
5
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n
o
w
.
c
o
m
128.
_
dx
1cos(x)
= tan
_

4

_
2x+
4
__
129.
_
x
1sin(x)
dx = x tan
_

4

x
2
_

2 ln

sin
_

4

x
2
_

130.
_
x
1cos(x)
dx = (x +

2
) tan
_

4

_
2x+
4
__

2 ln

sin
_

4

_
2x+
4
__

131.
_
dx
a+sin(x)
=

a
2
1
tan
1
_

a
2
1
|a1|
tan
_
2x+
4
_
_
if |a| > 1
1

1a
2
ln

a tan(x/2)+1

1a
2
a tan(x/2)+1+

1a
2

if |a| < 1
132.
_
dx
a+cos(x)
=

a
2
1
tan
1
_
|a1|

a
2
1
tan
_
x
2
_
_
if |a| > 1
1

1a
2
ln

tan(x/2)+

1a
2
1a
tan(x/2)

1a
2
1a

if |a| < 1
133.
_
dx
a sin(x)+cos(x)
=
1

a
2
+1
ln

tan
_
x+tan
1 1
a
2
_

134.
_
cos(x)
a sin(x)+cos(x)
dx =
x
a
2
+1
+
a
2(a
2
+1)
ln

a +
a
2
+1
2
sin(2x)

+
a
a
2
+1
ln

a tan(x)+1
a tan(x)+a
2

135.
_
tan
2
(x) dx = tan(x) x
136.
_
tan
3
(x) dx =
1
2
tan
2
(x) + ln | cos(x)|
137.
_
cot
2
(x) dx = cot(x) x
138.
_
cot
3
(x) dx =
1
2
cot
2
(x) ln | sin(x)|
139.
_
sin
1
(x) dx = x sin
1
(x) +

1 x
2
140.
_
(sin
1
(x))
2
dx = x(sin
1
(x))
2

2x + 2 sin
1
(x)

1 x
2
141.
_
sin
1
_
1
x
_
dx = x sin
1
_
1
x
_
+
ln(x +

x
2
1)
142.
_
cos
1
(x) dx = x cos
1
(x)

1 x
2
143.
_
(cos
1
(x))
2
dx = x(cos
1
(x))
2

2x 2 cos
1
(x)

1 x
2
144.
_
cos
1
_
1
x
_
dx = x cos
1
_
1
x
_

ln(x +

x
2
1)
145.
_
(sin
1
(x))(cos
1
(x)) dx =
x sin
1
(x) cos
1
(x) + 2x +

1 x
2
(cos
1
(x) sin
1
(x))
146.
_
sin(a sin
1
(x))dx =
a

1x
2
cos(a sin
1
(x))+xsin(a sin
1
(x))
1a
2
6
H
a
d
2
K
n
o
w
.
c
o
m
147.
_
cos(a cos
1
(x))dx =
a

1x
2
sin(a cos
1
(x))+xcos(a cos
1
(x))
1a
2
148.
_
tan
1
(x) dx = x tan
1
(x)
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 1)
149.
_
tan(a + tan
1
(x)) dx =
x cot(a)
1
sin
2
(a)
ln(x sin(a) cos(a))
150.
_
x sin
1
(x) dx =
(2x
2
1) sin
1
x+x

1x
2
4
151.
_
x cos
1
(x) dx =
(2x
2
1) cos
1
xx

1x
2
4
152.
_
x tan
1
(x) dx =
(x
2
+1) tan
1
(x)x
2
153.
_
tan
1
_
ax+b
x+c
_
dx =
_
x +
ab+c
a
2
+1
_
tan
1
_
ax+b
x+c
_
+
bac
2a
2
+2
ln((ax + b)
2
+ (x + c)
2
)
Hyperbolic Functions
154. sinh(x) =
e
x
e
x
2
155. cosh(x) =
e
x
+e
x
2
156. tanh(x) =
e
x
e
x
e
x
+e
x
157. cosh
2
(x) sinh
2
(x) = 1
158. sinh
1
= ln(x +

x
2
+ 1)
159. cosh
1
= ln(x +

x
2
1)
160. tanh
1
= ln
_
1+y
1y
_
161.
_
sinh(x) dx = cosh(x)
162.
_
cosh(x) dx = sinh(x)
163.
_
tanh(x) dx = ln(e
x
+ e
x
)
164.
_
dx
sinh(x)
= ln

e
x
1
e
x
+1

165.
_
dx
cosh(x)
= 2 tan
1
(e
x
)
166.
_
dx
sinh
2
(x)
= coth(x) =
1
tanh(x)
167.
_
dx
cosh
2
(x)
= tanh(x)
168.
_
tanh
2
(x) dx = x tanh(x)
169.
_
x sinh(x) dx = x cosh(x) sinh(x)
170.
_
x cosh(x) dx = x sinh(x) cosh(x)
171.
_
sinh
1
(x) dx = x sinh
1
(x)

x
2
+ 1
172.
_
cosh
1
(x) dx = x cosh
1
(x)

x
2
1
173.
_
tanh
1
(x) dx =
1
2
ln(1 x
2
) +
x tanh
1
(x)
174.
_
x sinh
1
(x) dx =
2x
2
+1
4
sinh
1
(x)
1
4

x
2
+ 1
175.
_
x cosh
1
(x) dx =
2x
2
+1
4
cosh
1
(x)
1
4

x
2
1
176.
_
x tanh
1
(x) dx =
1
2
(x
2
1) tanh
1
(x) +
x
2
7
H
a
d
2
K
n
o
w
.
c
o
m
177.
_
(sinh
1
(x))
2
dx = 2x + x(sinh
1
(x))
2
2 sinh
1
(x)

x
2
+ 1
178.
_
(cosh
1
(x))
2
dx = 2x + x(cosh
1
(x))
2
2 cosh
1
(x)

x
2
1
179.
_
sinh
1
_
1
x
_
dx = x sinh
1
_
1
x
_
+ sinh
1
(x)
180.
_
cosh
1
_
1
x
_
dx = x cosh
1
_
1
x
_
+ tan
1
_
x

1x
2
_
8