ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY Ch.

27 1869-1914 The New Imperialism

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Who was not invited to the to the inauguration of the Suez Canal by Khedive Ismail? a. The Queen of England b. The King of Belgium c. The Tsar of Russia d. The Ottoman sultan e. none of these. 2. Historians use the term New Imperialism to refer to the West's a. isolationism and parochialism in the late nineteenth century. b. use of industrial technology to impose its will on the nonindustrial world. c. policies of preservation of the natural environment. d. attempt to use propaganda as a tool of empire. e. All of these 3. Although imperialism was not new to Europeans, this period was uniquely characterized by a. retarded growth and slow development. b. use of Chinese technology to inspire European innovation. c. rapid and unprecedented annexations of territory by Western powers. d. wars of aggression and political assassination. e. all of these. 4. Besides conquering large amounts of territory, the New Imperialism was most significant for a. creating a global economy of suppliers and consumers. b. recognizing international cultural diversity. c. spawning racism within Western society. d. allowing dependent areas to develop governments. e. the educational and health benefits bestowed on the indigenous populations. 5. The Suez canal inadvertently assisted imperialism by a. making transit into sub-Saharan Africa easier, creating the scramble for Africa. b. isolating Egypt from the Ottoman Empire's protection. c. creating lower shipping costs, stimulating shipping of steamships for those with overseas trade. d. setting France and England at war with one another. e. making a deal with Egypt to sell out other African nations at the Berlin Conference. 6. What was the political motivation for France to participate in imperialism? a. A significant growth in factory production of rubber necessitated raw resources. b. their defeat in the North American mercantile colonies served as a forewarning to them to do better next time. c. defeat by Prussia in 1871 made them sensitive to international humiliation. d. feeling the need to protect their acquired territory from the Crimean War in 1855. e. Their feeling of justification from having provided labor and funds for the Suez Canal. 7. Often colonial territory was seized without the consent of the home government by

ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY Ch. 27 1869-1914 The New Imperialism

a. b. c. d. e. ex-slave traders motivated to make money on the colony. journalists trying to gather news information in the tropics. scientists doing research in remote regions of Africa and Asia. colonial officers deciding on their claim to a piece of territory. mercenaries and escaped convicts.

8. Among the cultural motives for the New Imperialism was a desire to a. spread Christianity. b. abolish slavery. c. "civilize" people of the colonies by bringing them Western education, medicine, and customs. d. end oppressive treatment of women, like sati. e. All of these 9. The colonies offered job opportunities to European women, who often a. served as wives for indigenous men. b. became missionaries, teachers, and nurses. c. became miners and industrial workers. d. served as colonial officers and administrators. e. served as lawyers and doctors. 10. The power of Western technology convinced many Euro-Americans that a. Western ideas, customs, and culture were superior to non-Western lifestyles. b. non-Western ideas, customs, and culture were superior to Western lifestyles. c. neither culture was superior but could coexist peacefully. d. the West had a lot to learn from non-Western societies. e. as Nietzsche said, God was dead. 11. The most harmful aspect of the Western sense of cultural superiority was a. the racist ideas that deemed non-Europeans inferior. b. the use of biological warfare against the colonies. c. the creation of a society of poverty and desperation in Asia. d. the tendency to marginalize non-Western ideas. e. all of these. 12. Why did the United States participate in imperialism? a. Expansion of ideals of nationalism and westward expansion. b. Feeling squeezed out of Africa, the US looked towards Asia. c. The Monroe Doctrine had earlier limited expansion in the Pacific Northwest. d. US Industrialists demanded Caribbean resources. e. To gain control of overseas shipping lines. 13. Why was imperialism so popular with the western general public? a. It served as an expression of nationalism at the time. b. People coveted adventure and new frontiers. c. A driving desire to spread Christianity in the era of the Second Great Reawakening. d. Social Darwinism e. To expand on European hegemony. 14. The economic motive for imperialism was that a. European merchants needed to secure new markets for their goods. b. European businesses wanted to look for new opportunities in Asia and Africa. c. industrialization created a high demand for raw materials. d. Europeans needed to protect their home markets.

ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY Ch. 27 1869-1914 The New Imperialism

e. All of these 15. Which of the following was NOT among the demand for minerals necessary for the new Industrialization? a. copper b. coal c. manganese d. diamonds e. silver 16. The major technical advantages influencing European dominance were a. cash and market economics. b. communications and mobility. c. numismatics and metallurgy. d. food preservation and print technology. e. e-mail and cell phones.

17. The last area to be connected to Europe by telegraph cables was: a. Africa b. Latin America c. Asia. d. North America e. the Pacific 18. One of the greatest barriers to the European invasion of inland African territories was a. the lack of knowledge of the geography. b. Falciparum malaria. c. the great African rivers. d. the great African mountains. e. all of these. 19. A technological advance of the late nineteenth century was a. the breech-loading rifle. b. the machine gun. c. smokeless powder. d. quinine. e. all of these. 20. The better the European weapons became, the more the ____ widened. a. "gun breech" b. "Maxim gap" c. "firepower gap" d. "colonial gap" e. "race gap" 21. The 1898 battle at Omdurman resulted in 11,000 Sudanese deaths, with British deaths totaling a. 48. b. 480. c. 1,480. d. 4,480. e. 44,800.

ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY Ch. 27 1869-1914 The New Imperialism

22. The system of administering and exploiting the colonies for the benefit of the home country is a. "benevolent neglect." b. "splendid isolation." c. "reluctant imperialism." d. "colonialism." e. "mercantilism." 23. One important factor in colonial administration depended on a. the number of European settlers in the area who could be counted on to rule themselves. b. The establishment of a white majority c. Client kingships with friendly elites d. Autocratic hegemony and oppression of locals e. Religious syncretism 24. The decision to grant colonies "home rule", or the autonomy to elect their own parliaments, usually depended upon a. the presence or absence of European settlers. b. whether or not the colonial nation was Christianized. c. how valuable their raw materials were for industrialism. d. whether their home rule candidates could pass the civil service examination. e. how strong an army the native population had.

25. A tactic taken by colonial administrations to gain cooperation of indigenous people was to a. hire local youths for "modern jobs" within the new colonial government, ensuring loyalty. b. start a tribal war and then intervene to obtain local cooperation. c. start a pyramid scheme of profit distribution with local elites if they would induce cooperation with locals. d. build hospitals and schools and hope for goodwill. e. set a contract for the length of time before indigenous populations could achieve full self-government. 26. When Western women arrived in the colonies, they created a. a more relaxed and "homey" atmosphere. b. a more "civilized" atmosphere as these women insisted on Western daily customs. c. a more racist and segregated environment. d. a more open society. e. all of these. 27. Until the 1870s, Africans ruled 90 percent of Africa; however, within a decade a. they had reclaimed the 10 percent lost in prior years. b. they had claimed a large portion of South Asia. c. they had pushed out Islamic fundamentalist groups. d. they had ended the oppression of the slave trade. e. Europeans invaded and divided Africa in the "scramble for Africa." 28. Egyptian modernization brought an accumulation of foreign debt, which caused a. the government to sell its shares in the Suez Canal to the British.

ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY Ch. 27 1869-1914 The New Imperialism

b. c. d. e. the Ottoman Empire to depose Ismail. Egypt to borrow money from Europeans at high interest rates. none of these. A, B, and C.

29. British efforts to increase Egyptian agriculture resulted in a. the attack on Omdurman. b. the annexation of large portions of Ethiopia. c. the construction of the Aswan Dam. d. a large reduction in cotton production. e. the "Wheat Revolt" of 1874. 30. The French initially planned to open the interior trade of Senegal by a. building an intricate road system to the coast. b. widening the Senegal River for shipping. c. building a canal from the Senegal and Niger Rivers. d. building a railroad to connect with river traffic. e. completing the deforestation of Senegal. 31. What made Belgian colonialism so different than that of the rest of Europe? a. King Leopold wanted to trade with Africa for cocoa to build a monopoly on chocolate, not industrial materials. b. King Leopold annexed the Congo as his personal colony, not for the Belgian state. c. Leopold was more interested in scientific exploration than in economic colonialism. d. Leopold established a constitutional federation in the Congo River Valley. e. Leopold was the first European monarch to travel by gunboat up an African river. 32. What is meant by "effective occupation?" a. whichever country from Europe got to an area of Africa first, had claims to it based on occupation. b. Establishing a small occupying force in an area with local client kings provided the basis for European administration of an African protectorate. c. Every country with colonial ambitions had to contribute forces and participate in a division of spoils. d. France and England agreed between themselves to control sub-Saharan Africa along a north-south axis after Leopold II created the threat of a Congo Free State. e. Imposing European troops in Egypt to ensure repayment by Khedive Ismael. 33. Europeans controlled equatorial Africa by a. selling monopolies on resources and trade to private companies. b. direct governmental rule. c. controlling native trade at key port cities. d. offering incentives to local rulers. e. granting Africans the rights and privileges of citizenship in the European country. 34. The companies brutally forced Africans to produce crops or gather resources. The worst abuses occurred when Africans were forced to a. mine diamonds. b. grow tobacco. c. mine asphalt.

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d. mine silver. e. gather latex for the rubber boom. 35. The British wanted to expand to southern Africa because of a. the marauding Zulu armies. b. attacks by the Afrikaners. c. the need for the rich northern farmlands. d. discoveries of gold and diamonds. e. they wanted to beat the Germans there. 36. Afrikaners were a. "colored colonials." b. descendants of Dutch settlers. c. Germans opposing the British. d. allied with Shaka Zulu. e. immigrants from Madagascar. 37. South Africa's 1913 Natives Land Act was intended to a. forbid Africans from owning land. b. keep Africans on reservations. c. keep Afrikaners from starting a new war. d. stop British financiers from becoming too powerful. e. Both A and B 38. The indigenous group that resisted German occupation in Southwest Africa in 1904 were the: a. Zulu b. Asante c. Herero d. Ndebele e. Xhosa 39. The most successful African resistance against Europeans took place in a. Ethiopia. b. the Sudan. c. South Africa. d. Mali. e. Chad. 40. The Ethiopian victory over Italy at Adowa was due to a. the Italians having the worst army in Europe. b. the Italians bringing the wrong maps with them. c. the Ethiopians being armed with rifles, machine guns, and artillery. d. the Ethiopians infecting the Italians with malaria. e. the intervention of the Germans.

41. The change in African labor practices after European colonization led to women a. being separated from their husbands for prolonged periods of time b. participating in increased numbers in prostitution c. welcoming colonial rule to put an end to enslavement d. benefitting less from men in economic changes such as communal property e. all of these.

ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY Ch. 27 1869-1914 The New Imperialism

42. With the flood of Christian missionaries into Africa, Islam a. spread even farther than before. b. stagnated and became less powerful. c. remained strong only north of the Sahara. d. spread only in areas resisting Europeans. e. was virtually eradicated from Africa. 43. Russians occupied the territory of Kazakhstan because a. of its copper and tin mines. b. the agricultural land was being "wasted." c. of constant invasions by Kazakhs. d. of a holy war declared by Tsar Alexander III. e. it was a "hot bed" of terrorist activity. 44. Russian conquest of the Central Asian lands yielded a new resource of: a. silk b. tea c. opium d. cotton e. Copper 45. The last independent state in Southeast Asia in the late nineteenth century was a. Siam. b. Malaya. c. Burma. d. Indochina. e. Vietnam. 46. Southeast Asia had great economic potential because of a. its fertile soil, constant warmth, and heavy rains. b. its natural immunity to disease, which the local fruits provided. c. the presence of an unlimited supply of geothermal energy. d. the large number of craftsmen and artisans. e. all of these. 47. The major cash crop from Southeast Asia and Indonesia for European benefit was a. coffee. b. sugar. c. manioc. d. rice. e. rubber. 48. The side effect of the two benefits of colonial rule to Southeast Asia (peace and food) was a. time to develop a systematic rebellion. b. assertion of the traditional class system emphasizing classical education. c. a spread of Buddhism. d. opium addiction from British attempts to placate unruly natives. e. a massive population increase.

49. The United States annexed Hawaii a. for strategic reasons. b. as a valuable supply station for whaling ships.

ADVANCE PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY Ch. 27 1869-1914 The New Imperialism

c. for its many large sugar plantations. d. to keep pace with European colonialism. e. to control the world's supply of breadfruit. 50. The US President with the greatest Imperialist agenda was: a. William Howard Taft b. Ulysses S. Grant c. Grover Cleveland d. William McKinley e. James Garfield : p. 792