Alexis Stevenson IV Therapy Chapter 7 Review Questions 1.

The four processes of pharmacokinetics are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. 2. Absorption is not necessary in IV therapy because the medication is injected directly into the blood stream and does not have to be absorbed through the skin or intestinal tract. 3. Areas such as food and drug allergies, environmental factors, age, gender, lifestyles, amount of body fat, and preexisting conditions may be the answers used here. 4 4. A side effect is expected even though it is undesirable, and adverse reactions are unexpected and can be life threatening such as anaphylaxis and severe drug allergies. 5. False. Absorption in the blood stream is immediate with IV therapy because distribution throughout the body is almost immediate. Medication given IV cannot be retrieved nor the distribution in the blood stream stopped. This is one of the main dangers of IV administration of medications. 6. Anti-infectives, especially antibiotics, are the most frequently intravenously administered medications. 7. The main classification of anti-infective medications given IV is antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals. 8. The 3 dangers of prolonged use of anti-infectives are development of hypersensitivities, superinfections, and bacteria that become drug resistant to the medications. 9. Procaine penicillins should never be administered intravenously. 10. Most antifungals are in suspensions and in-line filters will remove any particles left in the fluids prior to reaching the bloodstream. 11. By using veins from distal to proximal, the phlebitis will be distal to the possible areas for later venipuncture. 12. Bolus a dose of IV medication given directly into a vein or tubing at a relatively rapid rate. An IV injection is given directly into the vein at a slower rate. 13. IV heparin may be given as a flush to retain patency of the IV lines during intermittent infusion or continuous infusion to prevent the formation of thrombi.

14. Total parenteral nutrition contains varying amounts of fats, proteins, carbs, electrolytes, vitamins and minerals depending on the specific needs of the patient. 15. Peripheral parenteral nutrition, used for supplemental feedings, contain fewer calories and less protein but problems such as phlebitis and infiltration into surrounding tissues. These are among the most common. For prolonged use of TPN, a center catheter should be considered.