DIGITAL

EXCITATION SYSTEM

BHEL - EDN , BANGALORE.

PURPOSE OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

REGULATE TERMINAL VOLTAGE OF THE MACHINE. MEET EXCITATION POWER REQMTS UNDER ALL NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS. ENABLE MAXIMUM UTILISATION OF MACHINE CAPABILITY. GUARD THE MACHINE AGAINST INADVERTANT TRIPPING DURING TRANSIENTS. IMPROVE DYNAMIC & TRNSIENT STABILITY THEREBY INCREASING AVAILABILITY.

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

ACCURACY OF VOLT. REGLN. : +/- 0. 5 % RANGE OF AUTO CONTROL : 90 TO 110 % OF UGN RANGE OF MANL CONTROL :75 %NL TO 110 % FL If RANGE OF DROOP/DROP COMPSN : 0 TO 15 % FREQ. RANGE OF OPERATION : 47 TO 52 HZ FIELD FORCING FACTOR : 1.6 TO 2.0 FIELD FORCING TIME : MAX 10 SECONDS RESPONSE RATIO & TIME : 3 TO 4 & < 20 mSEC VOLT.RISE ON FL THROW-OFF : < 15 % : <= +/- 1 % WITH CHL. CHANGE OVER

CHANGE OF GEN. VOLT

TYPES OF EXCITATION SYSTEM:

1.INDIRECT EXCITATION (BRUSHLESS EXCITATION) 2.DIRECT EXCITATION (STATIC EXCITATION)

INDIRECT EXCITATION (Brushless Excitation)

APPLICATION IN SYN MACHINE (THERMAL/GAS) EXCITATION POWER TO EXCITER FIELD WINDING THE EXCITER ARMATURE RECTIFIED OUTPUT TO MAIN FIELD WINDING ( ON THE ROTOR) ROTATING DIODES MOUNTED ON THE ROTOR INPUT POWER TO EXCITATION FROM PMG/AUX SUPPLY

DIRECT OR SHUNT SUPPLIED STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEMS

APPLICATION IN SYN. M/C (HYDRO/THERMAL/GAS ETC) EXCITATION POWER FROM GENERATOR TERMINALS EXCITATION TRAFO FEEDS THE THYRISTOR RECTIFIER RECTIFIED OUTPUT APPLIED TO THE M/C FIELD COILS FIELD CKT. BREAKER FOR ISOLATION & DISCHARGE

COMPARISON
BRUSHLESS SYSTEM
RESPONSE LIMITED TO EXCITER M/C TIME CONST. FIELD DISCHARGE WITH NATURAL TIME CONSTANT SUPPLY FROM PMG & NO INITIAL BUILD-UP CIRCUIT REQD

STATIC EXCITATION
FAST RESPONSE

FAST FIELD DISCHARGE BY RESISTOR & INVERTER OPERATION

INITIAL BUILD-UP CIRCUIT IS REQD

COMPARISON
BRUSHLESS SYSTEM
EASY SUPPORTING OF SHORT CKT IN SMALL INDUSTRIAL M/CS NO SLIP RINGS & BRUSHGEAR. DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF FIELD PARAMETERS NOT POSSIBLE LESS POWER REQMTS SMALL THYRISTOR RECTIFIERS

(CONTD.)

STATIC EXCITATION
SUPPORTING OF SHORT CKT CURRENT NEEDS COMPOUNDING TRAFO. DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF FIELD QUANTITIES UF & IF POSSIBLE

MORE POWER REQMTS NO LIMITATION ON REDUNDANCY OF THYRISTOR BRIDGE MORE SPACE REQUIRED

LESS SPACE REQUIRED

ADVANTAGES OF STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT

REDUNDANCIES INCREASE RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY. MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS REDUCES DOWN TIME. ABSENCE OF ROTATING PARTS ENABLE MAINTENANCE WITH EASE EVEN WHEN THE EQPT IS IN SERVICE. UPRATING OF THE M/C BY USING UP THE MARGINS OR BY ADDING ADDITIONAL CIRCUITS. EASE OF EQUIPMENT LAYOUT. BETTER OPTIONS FOR PLANT R&M.

GRID

STN. AUX. SUPPLY (FOR TESTING)

*
AVR CUBICLE
MICRO TERMINAL LCD USYN1 USYN1 PT CT REF AVR WITH LIMITERS GATE CONTROL USYN2 If
PULSE AMPLIFIER

..
THYRISTOR BRIDGES

FROM PMG/PE O/P GEN. O/P STN. AUX. SUP.

AUTO. CHL V

REF

FIELD CURRENT REGULATOR

GATE CONTROL

PULSE AMPLIFIER

MAN. CHL USYN2 ALARM LOGIC CONTROL

G

POWER SUPPLY

POWER SUPPLY

POWER SUPPLY

M C/O AUTO MANUAL CONTROLS

POWER SUPPLY INTERFACE

FCB

TRIP FDR

MICROPROCESSOR BASED H/W

E P

STN. BAT. SUPPLY

AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR

POWER CIRCUITS

EXCITATION TRANSFORMER
RESIN CAST COIL HIGH SHORT CIRCUIT STRENGTH HIGH OVERLOAD CAPACITY MOISTURE PROOF & NO PRE-DRYING HIGH IMPULSE STRENGTH PARTIAL DISCHARGE IS VERY LESS

EXCITATION TRANSFORMER
COMPACT INSTALLATION OVER CURRENT AND OVER TEMPERATURE PROTECTION PROVIDED

THYRISTOR BRIDGE (SEE)

3 Ph FULLY CONTROLLED, 6 THYRISTORS, ARM FUSES AND SNUBBER CIRCUIT COOLING FANS FINAL PULSE STAGE MODULE FOR EACH BRIDGE PULSE TRANSFORMERS

THYRISTOR BRIDGE (SEE)

FUSES WITH MICRO SWITCHES AIR FLOW MONITORING OFF LOAD ISOLATORS CONDUCTION MONITORING (OPTIONAL) PARALLEL BRIDGES (COMMON TO BOTH CHANNELS)

THYRISTOR BRIDGE( AVR)

One bridge is provided for each of the channels (AUTO & MANUAL) The bridges are natural air cooled and fully controlled with RC snubber ckt. Final pulse stage for each bridge Line or arm fuses (with monitoring) One of the bridges conduct depending on the active channel Conduction monitoring(optional)

24V 0V 0

PULSE SEQUENCE
1R+ 60 2T60 120 3S+ 120 4R180 5T+ 240 6S300 300 360 / 0 240 180 360

FIRING ONE ARE POSITIVE ARM AND ONE NEGATIVE DOUBLEOF PULSES REQUIRED FOR SIMULTANEOUS ARM OF THYRISTOR BRIDGE PROVIDE A CLOSED PATH DURING STARTING

FIELD BREAKER
It facilitates connection / disconnection of field circuit from Thyristor bridge ckt. and discharge of stored magnetic energy in to field discharge resistor Linear / Non-linear discharge resistor Over voltage Protector Rotor Temperature Monitoring (optional) Earth fault Monitoring(optional)

OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF DIGITAL REGULATOR

DIRECT SETTING OF PARAMETERS: MICRO-TERMINAL USED. NO CALIBRATION REQD RESULTING LONG TERM STABILITY. MICRO-TERMINAL : HELPS REDUCTION IN TESTING, PRE-COMMISSIONING AND COMMISSIONING TIME. EASY ADAPTATION TO CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS: LOGIC CHANGES POSSIBLE THROUGH S/W. LESS VARIETY OF MODULES: THEREBY LESS SPARES. LESS SENSITIVITY TO EMI/EMC : HIGH NOISE IMMUNITY. LESS ELECTRICAL CONTACT POINTS: LESS MAINTENANCE/ REPAIR AND BETTER RELIABILITY. CONTROL TO MAX. CONVERTER OUTPUT: LESS THAN 20 MS,

OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF DIGITAL REGULATOR(CONTD.)

FACILITY TO CONNECT PRINTER: TO THE MICRO-TERMINAL. SELF MONITORING & DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES: INTERNAL CONDITION MONITORING OF THE DEVICES WITH LED FAULT INDICATION, HENCE SHORT MEAN TIME TO REPAIR(MTTR). SPARES MANAGEMENT: LESS VARIETY IN ELECTRONIC MODULES

POWER SUPPLY AUTO CHANNEL

AVR

GATE CONT

PULSE AMP

MAN CONTR

GATE CONT

PULSE AMP

POWER SUPPLY MAN CHANNEL

DUAL CHANNEL AVR AUTOMATIC AND

MANUAL CHANNEL

SUPPLY MAIN AUTO

CHANNEL

AVR

GATE CONTR

PULSE AMPLIF

AVR

GATE CONTR

PULSE AMPLIF

SUPPLY STANDBY AUTO CHANNEL

TWO AUTO CHANNEL (MAIN AND STANDBY )

TWIN CHANNEL AVR

POWER SUPPLY AUTO CHANNEL

AVR

OR

GATE CONTR

PULSE AMPLIF

MAN CONTR

SINGLE CHANNEL AVR AUTOMATIC CHANNEL WITH CHANGE - OVER TO MANUAL CONTROL

CONTROL

ANALOG INPU INPUT T INTERFA CE Ug,Ig,If INTERRUPT GENER.

ANALOG INPUT ANALOG OUTPUT ANALOG INPUT OUTPUT MODULE CONTROL

DIGITAL INPUT OUTPUT MODULE

FIRING AND CONTROL MODULE

PULSES

DATA IN DATA OUT ADDRESS MICRO TERML.

CPU

2 CHNL. FOLLOW UP

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VOLTAGE REGULATION

CONFIGURATION OF PLC FUNCTION

INPUT INTERFACE UNC 4662

STATION CONTROL

UNC 4661

UNC 4662

UN 0664

UN 0662

UN 0662

UN 0662

UN 0662

UN 0662

UN 0665 LED

SUPPLY

UN 0660 CPU CONTROL

3 O AC

DC

AC/ DC SUPPLY INTERFACE MODULE DC BUS DC / DC POWER SUPPLY UNIT DC / DC POWER SUPPLY UNIT DC / DC POWER SUPPLY UNIT

SUPPLY SEQ. CONTROL

SUPPLY CH - 1

SUPPLY CH - 2

POWER SUPPLY SCHEME IN DVR

FUNCTIONAL TEST AT STAND STILL

Periodical functional test increases reliability (best of all during overhaul of TG group) The main activities involved are : Checking the connections (cables, wires, connectors ) Checking for wear on the mechanical parts (e.g : relays, switches) Testing the electronics equipment Testing the power supplies and measurement Circuits Testing pulse generation and amplification. Testing the monitors.