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Numerically Summarizing Data

(mu): population mean x (x-bar): sample mean N: size of population (number of observations) n: size of sample (number of observations) (sigma): standard deviation of population 2: variance of population s: standard deviation of sample s2: variance of sample (capital sigma): Summation

xw : weighted mean
Summation Notation:

x
i =1 n

is referred to as the sum of the xs.

x
i =1

= x1 + x2 + ... + xn

Population Mean

x1 + x2 + ... + xn = = N
Sample Mean

X
i =1

x1 + x2 + ... + xn x = = n
Population Standard Deviation

x
i =1

(x
i =1

Sample Standard Deviation

s=

(x
i =1

x)

n 1

Weighted Mean

xw =

x w
i =1 n i

w
i =1

z-standard score, or z-score

z=

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