Network+ Guide, 4e

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Objectives
Understanding structure of IP addresses, methods of network design use to TCP/IP networks. Explain the differences between public and private networks. Explain the differences between Broadcast, Multicast, Unicast, Anycast, Loopback address. Understanding Subnetmask and Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) Understanding IP version 6.

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OVERVIEW Chapter prerequisites: OSI model Subjects participation: all students to study computer network. Reference materials:
C bn v subnet http://vocongminh.wordpress.com Phn chia mng con - http://vocongminh.wordpress.com.

Required materials: Slides: IP-SUBNET Learning methods:

Students study with the guidance of teachers. Students can refer to the syllabus. Do homework
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I. OVERVIEW IP ADDRESS version 4 IP addresses is structurre address. Include a string of 32 bits, divided into four parts. Each part is called an octet (8 bit) and separated by dots (.)

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I. OVERVIEW IP v4
Three ways to represent IP address Decimal: 130.57.30.56 Binary: 10000010.00111001.00011110.00111000 Hex : 82.39.1E.38 IP Address of two components : NetID (Network Address) Host ID (Node Address) NetID : a unique number used to identify a network. Each

computer in a network always have the same NetID. HostID: a unique number assigned to a computer or device on network.

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I. OVERVIEW IP v4

10000100100100100100111011000101
32 bits NETWORK 32 bits 10011000 8 bits 10000101 8 bits 00110000 8 bits 10111001 8 bits HOST

150
8 bits

133
8 bits

48
8 bits

185
8 bits

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I. CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS
IP address is divided into 5 classes: A, B, C, D,E Class D is Multicast address Class E for reserves. Class A,B,C is using. Class A Class B Class C
Network ID Host ID

Network ID

Host ID

Network ID

Host ID

z
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CLASS A
Formating: NetID.HostID.HostID.HostID 1st Octet High Order Bits: 0 Except for the first bit 0 identifies class A, 7 bits remaining can get the value 0 or 1 => ? NetID => 27 = 128 NetID However, all the bits = 0 or 1 are not used so the number of class A have NetID = ? = 27 - 2 = 128 - 2 = 126 NetID Class A
24 Bits

0xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx # Bits 0 NETWORK# HOST HOST# HOST HOST# HOST HOST#
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CLASS A
The numbers of HostID in class A = ? host = 224=8 bit * 3 octer - 2 = 16.777.214 host NetID : 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0 HostID : W.0.0.1 n W.255.255.254 Ex: NetID: 10.0.0.0 HostID: 10.0.0.1;10.0.0.2;.10.255.255.254

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CLASS B
Formating : NetID.NetID.HostID.HostID 1st Octet High Order Bits : 10 Except for the first two bits are 10 , remaining bits can
be 0 or 1. => 214 = 16.384 NetID NetID in decimal: 128 to 191 Class B
NETWORK NETWORK

10xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx HOST HOST

# Bits

1 1

1 0

14 NETWORK#

16 HOST#

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CLASS B
The numbers HostID in class B: 216 - 2 = 65.534 HostID NetID :
128.0.0.0 >> 191.255.0.0 HostID: W.X.0.1 >> W.X.255.254 Ex: NetID: 128.10.0.0 HostID: 128.10.0.1;128.10.0.2;.;128.10.255.254

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CLASS C
Formating : NetID.NetID.NetID.HostID 1st Octet High Order Bits : 110 => 221 = 2.097.152 NetID NetID in decimal: 192 to 223 Class C
110xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx NETWORK NETWORK 1 NETWORK HOST

# Bits

1 1

1 0

21 NETWORK#

8 HOST#

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CLASS C
The numbers HostID in class B :
28 - 2 = 254 HostID NetID: 192.0.0.0 >> 223.255.255.0 HostID W.X.Y.1 >> W.X.Y.254 Ex: NetID: 203.100.100.0 HostID: 203.100.100.1 ; 203.100.100.2 ; ..

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SUMMARY

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SUMMARY
1.0.0.1 126.0.0.254 : Class A

127.0.0.0

: Loopback Network
: Class B

128.0.0.1 191.255.255.254

192.0.0.1 223.255.255.254 : Class C

224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 : Class D (Multicast)

>= 240.0.0.0

: Class E (Reserved)

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IP PRIVATES
Address space is assigned for exclusive use in the network of organizations and companies, but not the public Internet. Class A : 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 Class B : 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 Class C : 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

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BROADCAST ADDRESS
Broadcast address: is possible to send data to all possible destinations ("all-hosts broadcast"), which permits the sender to send the data only once, and all receivers receive a copy of it. Directed broadcast address: is the IP address in which all the bits in the Host ID are 1. Ex: 192.168.20.255

Local broadcast address: is the IP address in which all the bits in the NetID and Host ID are 1
Ex: 255.255.255.255

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Directed Broadcast Address

192.168.21.0

192.168.20.0 192.168.20.255
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Local Broadcast Address

Router

Stop

255.255.255.255
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MULTICAST ADDRESS
IP multicast: is the delivery of a message or information to a group of destination computers simultaneously in a single tranmission.

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UNICAST Unicast transmission is the sending of messages to a single network destination identified by a unique address

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ANYCACST
Anycast is a network addressing and routing methodology in which datagrams from a single sender are routed to the topologically nearest node in a group of potential receivers all identified by the same destination address.

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LOOPBACK
Loopback address is a special IP number (127.0.0.0 127.255.255.255) The loopback interface allows IT professionals to test IP software corrupted drivers or hardware.

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EXAMPLE IP ADDRESS
172.16.20.200 is Class B address Network portion : Host portion : Network address : 172.16 20.200 172.16.0.0

Broadcast address : 172.16.255.255

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Objectives
Subnet Mask used to determine the IP address is part of the network and which is thehost. Subnet Mask is 32 bits in length. Is divided into four octets. The bits in a Network will be set 1. The bit in the Host will be set 0. DEFAULT Subnet Mask Class A : 255.0.0.0 Class B : 255.255.0.0 Class C : 255.255.255.0

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194.

200.

101.

101

IP address

255.

255.

255.

Subnet mask

194.

200.

101.

101.

Host ID
Network ID
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Why are you take subneting?

Network administrators sometimes need to split the network from a large network into subnets to purpose: Size reduction, accordance with existing network models of the company or organization ... To decentralize management Reduce congestion by limiting the scope of broadcast messages. Limited scope for each subnet to troubeshouting. Enhanced security To permit the application of different configurations on each subnet?
Router is used to connect between these subnets.

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Thc hin Ly cc bits cao nht ca Phn HostID cho phn NetwokID S bits ti thiu c th mn l: 2 bits. S bits ti a c th mn l: A : 22 bits ~ 2^22 - 2 = 4.194.302 subnets. B : 14 bits ~ 2^14 - 2 = 16.382 subnets. C : 06 bits ~ 2^6 - 2 = 62 subnets.

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V d v chia Subnet
Khi ta chia mt Network ra thnh nhiu Network nh hn, cc Network nh ny c gi l Subnet. Hy xt n mt a ch IP class B : 139.12.0.0 vi subnet mask l 255.255.0.0 (c th vit l: 139.12.0.0/16, y s 16 c ngha l 16 bits c dng cho NetworkID). Mt Network vi a ch th ny c th cha 65,534 nodes hay computers (65,534 = (2^16) 2 ) . y l mt con s qu ln, trn mng s c qu nhiu broadcast traffic.

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V d v chia Subnet
Cho a ch IP: 139.12.0.0 Chia Network ny ra lm 4 Subnet. Yu cu 1. Xc nh s bit cn mn lm NetID 2. Xc nh tng s host trn mi subnet v trn ton h thng. 3. Xc nh Subnet mask 4. Lit k a ch mng ca cc Subnet mi 5. Cho bit IP address range ca cc HostID trong mi Subnet 6. Xc nh a ch broadcast cho tng subnet.

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THC HIN

1. Xc nh s bit cn mn lm NetID Cng thc tng qut l: Y <= 2X

Y = con s Subnets (= 4) => X = s bits cn mn thm (= 2)

2. S hosts ti a c trong mi Subnet s l: (2^14) 2 = 16,382. Tng s cc hosts trong 4 Subnets l: 16382 * 4 = 65,528 hosts.

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3. Xc nh Subnet mask V a ch 139.12.0.0 thuc lp B, nn ta c Subnet mask default l: 255.255.0.0 Do Subnet mask s cn : 16 (bits trc y) + 2 (bits mi) = 18 bits a ch IP mi s l 139.12.0.0/18 ( con s 18

thay v 16 nh trc y).

Subnet mask trong dng nh phn 11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000

Subnet mask 255.255.192.0

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4. Lit k NetID ca cc Subnet mi

Nh th NetworkID ca bn Subnets mi c l:
Subnet 1 2 3 4 Subnet ID trong dng nh phn 10001011.00001100.00000000.00000000 10001011.00001100.01000000.00000000 10001011.00001100.10000000.00000000 10001011.00001100.11000000.00000000 Subnet ID 139.12.0.0/18 139.12.64.0/18 139.12.128.0/18 139.12.192.0/18

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5. Cho bit IP address range ca cc HostID trong mi Subnet V Subnet ID dng ht 18 bits nn s bits cn li (32 18 = 14) c dng cho HostID.

Lu : lut dng cho Host ID l tt c mi bits khng th u l 0 hay 1.

Subnet 1 2 3 4 HostID IP address trong dng nh phn 10001011.00001100.00000000.00000001 10001011.00001100.00111111.11111110 10001011.00001100.01000000.00000001 10001011.00001100.01111111.11111110 10001011.00001100.10000000.00000001 10001011.00001100.10111111.11111110 10001011.00001100.11000000.00000001 10001011.00001100.11111111.11111110 HostID IP address Range 139.12.0.1/18 139.12.63.254/18 139.12.64.1/18 139.12.127.254/18 139.12.128.1/18 139.12.191.254/18 139.12.192.1/18 139.12.255.254

Trong mi Subnet, range ca HostID t con s nh nht ( mu xanh) n con s ln nht (mu cam) u ging nhau
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6. Xc nh a ch broadcast cho tng subnet.

Subnet

a ch broadcast trong dng nh phn

Broadcast

1
2 3 4

10001011.00001100.00111111.11111111
10001011.00001100.01111111.11111111 10001011.00001100.10111111.11111111

139.12.63.255
139.12.127.255 139.12.191.255

10001011.00001100.111111111.111111111 139.12.255.255

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BI TP 2
Bn ang qun tr mng cho 1 cng ty, gm 6 phng ban.Bn mua IP cho mng ny l 18.0.0.0 Hy chia mng ny thnh 6 mng con cho mi phng d qun l v cp quyn. Cho bit: 1. Xc nh s bit cn mn lm NetID 2. Xc nh tng s host trn mi subnet v trn ton h thng. 3. Xc nh Subnet mask 4. Lit k a ch mng ca cc Subnet mi 5. Cho bit IP address range ca cc HostID trong mi Subnet 6. Xc nh a ch broadcast cho tng subnet. 7. Tng kt
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BI TP 3
Bn ang qun tr mng cho 1 cng ty, gm 4 phng ban.Bn mua IP cho mng ny l 192.17.6.0 Hy chia mng ny thnh 4 mng con cho mi phng d qun l v cp quyn. Cho bit: 1. Xc nh s bit cn mn lm NetID 2. Xc nh tng s host trn mi subnet v trn ton h thng. 3. Xc nh Subnet mask 4. Lit k a ch mng ca cc Subnet mi 5. Cho bit IP address range ca cc HostID trong mi Subnet 6. Xc nh a ch broadcast cho tng subnet. 7. Tng kt
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Bi tp v nh:
Bn ang qun tr mng cho 1 cng ty, gm 8 phng ban.Bn mua IP cho mng ny l 195.23.0.0 Hy chia mng ny thnh 8 mng con cho mi phng d qun l v cp quyn. Cho bit: 1. Xc nh s bt cn mn ca HostID 2. Xc nh subnetmask cho cc mng con (subnet) 3. Tnh tng s Host trong mi mng v trong ton mng. 4. Cho bit IP Address Range ca cc hostID ca mi Subnet. 5. Xc nh a ch Broadcast ca tng Subnet 6. Xc nh NetID ca tng Subnet.

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Bi tp: Chia a ch IP c chiu di bin i (VLSM) Bn ang qun tr mng cho 1 cng ty, gm 6 phng ban vi thng tin sau y: LAN 1: 3 host. LAN 2: 35 host. LAN 3: 6 host. LAN 4: 20 host. LAN 5: 2 host(WAN). LAN 6: 10 host LAN 7: 20 host Bn mua IP cho mng ny l 194.1.1.0/24

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1. Xc nh s bt cn mn ca HostID cho tng LAN 2. Xc nh subnetmask cho cc mng con (subnet) 3. Cho bit IP Address Range ca cc hostID ca mi Subnet. 4. Xc nh a ch Broadcast ca tng Subnet 5. Xc nh a ch Network ca tng Subnet

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Chia a ch IP c chiu di bin i (VLSM)

IP ADDRESS Net

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192 192 192

1 1 1

1 1 1

x
0 0

x
0 1

x
x x

x
x x

x
x x

x
x x

x
x x

x
x x

L2 (2^6=64>35) D

192
192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192

1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

x
x x 0 1 1 1 0 0

x
x x x x 0 1 0 0

x
x x x x x x x 0

x
x x x x x x x x

x
x x x x x x x x

L4 (20 host)
L7 (20 host) D L6 (10 host) D L3 L1 D L5

192

D
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LAN NETWORK ADD IP RANGE BROADCAST ADD SUBNET MASK

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