Fsica Nuclear i de partcules

pod
Primavera, 2003
2
2 
 Ze2




 2 2 q 2 F (~q) . q = 2p sin 2 .
 2 2
d
Ze
F (~q)

e N:
=
,
d
2Ei sin4 2
 2
cos2 2 2
d
Ze

e N (spin):
=
F (~q) ,
d
2Ei sin4 2
 2 2
d
Ze
F (~q)
no rel.:
=
,
d
4T sin4 2

.
Alcance R Mc~
 x c2



C-paridad C f f, JLS = (1)s+` f f, JLS .

d
= (2)4
d

Sec. eficaz W = J N .
Atenuacion = nt ,
= / , t = x:
dI
= I ,
dx
=

I(x) = I0 ex .

 
 dI 
P (x)dx =   = ex dx .
I0

1
,

pi
vi

0
, a = 0,54fm ,
1 + e(rR)/a
t0,90 0,10 = a ln 81 = 2,4fm .


Z
r2
3
d r (r) = 1 , (r) = 1 + w 2 F .
R
F (r) =

x0 = (x vt) ,

ct0 = (ct vx/c) ,

ux v
p~c2
,
~
u
=
,
1 ux v/c2
E
p0x = (px vE/c2 ) , E 0 = (E vpx ) ,

u0x =

E = m(u)c2 ,
2 4

p~ = m(u)~u ,

m c =E p c ,

Rutherford

d
d

h
i
B(A, z) = ZMp + N Mn M (A, Z) c2
i
h
= ZM1 H + N Mn M (A, z) c2

2
2
s = Ecm
= E 2 P~cm
,

2 2

z1 Z2 e2
2mv02

2

1
sin4

, T =
2

M (A, Z) = (A + )(1u) ,

z1 Z2 e2
dmin

0 T V ,
Lippman-Schwinger T = V + V G
d
= (2~)4
d

pi
vi ~

2

B(A, z) =aV A as A2/3 ac

|TEi (~
pf , p~i )|2 ,

aA

E D E
D
Ze2
TEi (pf , pi ) = pf T pi = V =
F (~q) ,
2q 2
Z
Z
4
3 0
0 i~
q ~
r
F (~q) = d r (~r )e
=
dr r(r) sin qr ,
q 0
F (~q)

B
8,5MeV (A 12) .
A
Z2
A1/3

(A 2Z)2

+ aP 1/2 ,
A
A

aV = 15,56MeV , aS = 17,27MeV ,
aC = 0,697MeV , aA = 23,285MeV ,

+1 si N,Z parells
aP = 12MeV ,
= 1 si N,Z senars .

0
si A senar

1

1 q2 r2 ,
6
(~
r )=(~
r)

E
2Mf c2
+ MEc2
f

1+
Zmas estable

Z
(~r) =

E
E 1
2Mf c2

h = E
1
A
1
A/2
=
=
.
aC
2 1 + 4a
A2/3
1 + 0,00748A2/3
S , J 6= 0, ,e = (1)J , ,m =
A
(1)m+1 .

d3 r0

X
`
X
(~r0 )
4q`m Y`m (, )
=
|~r ~r0 |
2` + 1 r`+1

Q = M (A, Z) M (A, Z + 1) Me c2


= M(A, Z) M(A, Z + 1) c2 ,


Q + = M (A, Z) M (A, Z 1) Me c2


= M(A, Z) M(A, Z 1) 2Me c2 ,


QEC = M (A, Z) M (A, Z 1) + Me c2


= M(A, Z) M(A, Z 1) c2 .

l=0 m=`

Z
qlm =

d3 r0 r0 (~r0 )Y`m
(0 ) .
`m
Q

m. electric: Q`m

z
}|
{
Z
X

D
E



= e QJM 
ri` Y`m
(
ri0 ) QJM .
i=1

r
m.quad.el: Q =

16
Q20 , Y20 =
5e2

m.dip.magn.:~
=

Q = (M (A, Z) M (A 4, Z 2) M (4, 2)) c2

5 3z 2 r2
16
r2

= (B(A 4, Z 2) + B(4, 2) B(A, Z)) c2 ,

B
B(4, 2) (B/A)
<

A = 7,075 + 7,6 103 A .

A
4
A

X qi
1X
~`i ,
qi ~xi ~vi =
2
2mi
i

= hJM = J
z JM = Ji ,

Fusion
Vbarrera = Z1 Z2 e2 /2R ,
3
kT = Vbarrera /2 .
2

~ , = ` + s ,
` = g` N ~` , s = gs N S
(
(
0 prot
5,5856912(22)
prot
g` =
, gs =
,
1 neut
3,8260837(18) neut

Sn = (M (A 1, Z) + Mn M (A, Z)) c2 ,
p
Sp = (M (A, Z 1) + Mp M (A, Z)) c2 ,
B(np) = 2,22463(4)MeV , R = hr2 i = 2,1fm,
V0 = 35MeV, (np) = +1, L = 0 (96 %) i L = 2
Campo central n`m (~r) = Rn` (r)Y`m (
r):
(4 %), Q = 0,00288(2)b C. spin 3 r12 (~1~r)(~2~r)

n ~2  d2
~1~2 , L = S = 2.
2 d
~`(` + 1)

+
+
2
2 dr
r dr
2 r2
o
VN N (~r) = V (r) + Vs (~r)~1~2
+ U (r) Rn` (r) = ERn` (r) ,
~S
~ + VT S12 (
+ VLS (r)L
r) .
Oscil. U (r) = 12 2 r2 V0
,
En`m = ~ 2(n 1) + ` 32 V0 , deg = 2` + 1
|pi = |tz = 1/2i , |ni = |tz = 1/2i , qi = 21 (1+tzi )
Wood-Saxon
1
1
2 |N Z| T 2 A
U0
,
U (r) =
P
1 + e(rR)/a
dN = N wdt , w = wi , = 1/w, T1/2 = ln 2,
= ~/ , Bi = i /
U = 50MeV, a = 0,65fm, R = A1/3 1,25fm.
0

s-o:

N (t) = N0 ewt = N0 , et/ ,



1
VLS = V1 (r)~`~s = V1 (r) ~2 ~`2 ~s2 .
2
2

*
h`z i =

~`~
jz
~2

*
, hSz i =

~
S~
jz
~2

+
,

1
(`) 2

[j(j + 1) + `(` + 1) 3/4]

j(j + 1)
1
[j(j + 1) `(` + 1) + 3/4]
,
+ g (s) 2
j(j + 1)

/N =g

(
1,913
j = ` + 1/2
n = N
,
j
1,913 j+1 j = ` 1/2
(
j + 2,293 j = ` + 1/2
p = N j(j1,293)
.
j = ` 1/2
j+1
|ui = |tz = 1/2i, |di = |tz = 1/2i,

+ T , I3 = Q Y 2 ,
Y =B+S+C +B
qe
mp
Sq,z = q
N ,
2mq ~
mq
 
 
Gluons |r
g i, rb , |g
ri, gb , |b
ri,
1
1
|r
r g
g i, 2 |r
r g
g i.
2
q = 2

V (r)

|b
g i,

s (r)
+r , s (r < 0,1fm) 0,150,03 .
r

 0

K1 , p~ = 0 = 1
2
 0

K2 , p~ = 0 = 1
2

 0
 


, p~ = 0 + K 0 , p~ = 0 ,
K
 0
 


, p~ = 0 K 0 , p~ = 0 ,
K

KS0 = p

KL0 = p

1 + ||2
1 + ||2

K10 K20

K10 + K20

e2
~c

2,3 103 .
~c = 197,327MeVfm, e2 = ~c, =
N =

e~
2mp c

1
137

R 1,2fm A1/3 , R (1,12A1/3 0,86A1/3 )fm .

1b = 1028 m2 = 1024 cm2 .
3