()

U c Ea
Ia
Ra
:

Ia

UU
C R
a
I
c c
E

a
a
I a

C R aC
Uc
Ra

2
C (C )


(Uc=U; R=0 I=I )

Uc
R
a
C (C ) 2

Uc

C

Ra )
2

2
(C R
)
a

: Ra*=(Ra*Ia)/U =

2-5%

=2-5% .

Ia (M)

Uc
R
a
C (C ) 2

1. U=var

Uc

C

Uc=U
2
(

Uc=var
const
Ra

max

min
MC

P2


P1 U C I a
Ia (M)

Uc
R
a
C (C ) 2

2. :
Ra+R=var

Uc

const
C
( ) 2

var
R a R

D max

P2 M C

P1 U C I a

min


Ra+R=var const var

Uc
R
a
C (C ) 2

R=0

1
2

R=var

( R)

Ia (M)

 U c Ra
C (C ) 2
3.

=/~ 0.8,
:
=var
(IB=var;
R
1=var)
-

Uc

var
,
C
( )2

var
Ra

D max

min

2 3

P2 M C


P1 U C I a

(
)
(=**I),
. .

 U c Ra
2
C

(
C

)
=var

<

m in

D max

min

Ia (M)


1.

10

30

2.

3.

4.
5.

6.
. =0

7. . .

8.
9.

10.


1.

10

30

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
. =0

7. . .

8.
9.

10.


1.

10

30

2.

3.

4.
5.

6.
.
7. .

8.
9.

10.


1.

10

30

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
.
7. .

8.
9.

10.

1.

10

30 .

,
()

2.

3.

()
-
4.

5.
:

Ia

6.
U c
Ra . =0

7.
C
(C ) . .

UC

( )

Ra R

m ax
8.
D
m in
, -

9.

P I m R m

10. ,

P ; f ; ......

U c Ea
Ia
Ra R

:
:

W I Ia K Ia
:

K Ia

UUcc
Raa
R
I a R

KCI
K
C
a

Uc
Ra R

K
K M

Uc
R R
a
K
K M

f (M )

=0

Uc
R R
a
K
K M

1. U=var

Uc=U

Uc<U

Uc
R R
a
K
K M

2. R =var

R=0

R>0


3. ()

Uc
R R
a
K
K M

=var

W I W I a K I a
:
-

Ia I I
I
R

I
R

Uc
R R
a
K
K M

R=?
D; - .
M