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Chapter Twelve Preliminary Homework Problems Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids
Section 12.1: Intermolecular Forces 12.9, 12.11, 12.13, 12.15, 12.17, 12.19, 12.21 Section 12.2: Properties of Liquids 12.33, 12.35, 12.37 Section 12.3: Crystal Structure 12.45, 12.47, 12.49, 12.51, 12.53, 12.55 Section 12.4: Types of Crystals 12.59, 12.61, 12.63 Section 12.5: Amorphous Solids 12.64 Section 12.6: Phase Changes 12.85, 12.87, 12.89, 12.91 Section 12.7: Phase Diagrams 12.95, 12.97 Additional Problems 12.101, 12.103, 12.113, 12.117, 12.119, 12.123, 12.149
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
Middlesex County College Department of Natural Sciences CHM 122 General Chemistry II Lecture (Section 06) Spring 2013 Chapter Thirteen Preliminary Homework Problems Physical Properties of Solutions
Section 13.1: Types of Solutions 13.1 Section 13.2: The Solution Process 13.9, 13.11 Section 13.3: Concentration Units 13.15, 13.17, 13.19, 13.21, 13.23, 13.25 Section 13.4: Factors that Affect Solubility 13.33, 13.35, 13.37, 13.39 Section 13.5: Colligative Properties 13.57, 13.59, 13.61, 13.63, 13.65, 13.67, 13.69, 13.71, 13.73, 13.75, 13.77 Section 13.6: Calculations Using Colligative Properties 13.81, 13.83, 13.85, 13.87, 13.89 Section 13.7: Colloids 13.90 Additional Problems 13.101
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
Middlesex County College Department of Natural Sciences CHM 122 General Chemistry II Lecture (Section 06) Spring 2013 Chapter Fourteen Preliminary Homework Problems Chemical Kinetics
Section 14.1: Reaction Rates 14.5, 14.7 Section 14.2: Dependence of Reaction Rate on Reactant Concentration 14.15, 14.17, 14.19, 14.21 Section 14.3: Dependence of Reactant Concentration on Time 14.27, 14.29, 14.31, 14.33 Section 14.4: Dependence of Reaction Rate on Temperature 14.41, 14.43, 14.45, 14.47, 14.49 Section 14.5: Reaction Mechanisms 14.59, 14.61 Section 14.6: Catalysis 14.71 Additional Problems 14.85, 14.99
14.2
14.3
14.4
Which of the following statements is always TRUE? a. Exothermic reactions have lower activation energies than endothermic reactions. b. The rate for a reaction depends on the concentrations of all the reactants. c. The rate of a catalyzed reaction is independent of the concentration of the catalyst. d. The rate constant is independent of the concentrations of the reacting species. e. The rate law can be determined from the stoichiometric equation. Which of the following is (are) TRUE concerning the order of a reaction? 1 can be deduced from the stoichiometry of the reaction 2 gives the reaction mechanism 3 is determined experimentally a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 3 only e. 2 and 3 only
14.6
Middlesex County College Department of Natural Sciences CHM 122 General Chemistry II Lecture (Section 06) Spring 2013 Chapter Fifteen Preliminary Homework Problems Chemical Equilibrium
Section 15.1: The Concept of Equilibrium 15.1 Section 15.2: The Equilibrium Constant 15.9, 15.11 Section 15.3: Equilibrium Expressions 15.21, 15.23, 15.25, 15.27, 15.29, 15.31, 15.33, 15.35, 15.37 Section 15.4: Using Equilibrium Expressions to Solve Problems 15.39, 15.41, 15.43, 15.45, 15.47, 15.49 Section 15.5: Factors That Affect Chemical Equilibrium 15.55, 15.57, 15.59, 15.61, 15.63, 15.65 Additional Problems 15.67, 15.85, 15.87
15.5
Middlesex County College Department of Natural Sciences CHM 122 General Chemistry II Lecture (Section 06) Spring 2013 Chapter Sixteen Preliminary Homework Problems Acids and Bases
Section 16.1: Brnsted Acids and Bases 16.3, 16.5, 16.7, Section 16.2: The Acid-Base Properties of Water 16.15, 16.17 Section 16.3: The pH Scale 16.21, 16.23, 16.25, 16.27, 16.29, 16.31 Section 16.4: Strong Acids and Bases 16.37, 16.39, 16.41, 16.43 Section 16.5: Weak Acids and Acid Ionization Constants 16.51, 16.53, 16.55, 16.57, 16.61, 16.63, 16.65 Section 16.6: Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constants 16.69, 16.71, 16.73 Section 16.7: Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 16.77 Section 16.8: Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids 19.79, 16.81, 16.83, 16.85 Section 16.9: Molecular Structure and Acid Strength 16.89, 16.91 Section 16.10: Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions 16.97, 16.99, 16.101, 16.103, 16.105 Section 16.11: Acid-Base Properties of Oxides and Hydroxides 16.109, 16.111 Section 16.12: Lewis Acids and Bases 16.115, 16.119, 16.119 Additional Problems 16.121, 16.127
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16.3
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16.7
Middlesex County College Department of Natural Sciences CHM 122 General Chemistry II Lecture (Section 06) Spring 2013 Chapter Seventeen Preliminary Homework Problems Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria
Section 17.1: The Common Ion Effect 17.5 Section 17.2: Buffer Solutions 17.9, 17.11, 17.13, 17.15, 17.17, 17.19, 17.21 Section 17.3: Acid-Base Titrations 17.27, 17.29, 17.31, 17.33, 17.35, 17.37, 17.39, 17.41 Section 17.4: Solubility Equilibria 17.49, 17.51, 17.53, 17.55, 17.57 Section 17.5: Factors Effecting Solubility 17.63, 17.65, 17.67, 17.69, 17.71, 17.73, 17.75, 17.77 Section 17.6: Separation of Ions Using Differences in Solubility 17.81, 17.83, 17.85 Additional Problems 17.91
b. 1.0 10 d. 1.0 10
6 5
A 0.010 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid is 3.0% dissociated. What is the equilibrium constant, Ka, for this acid? a. 3.0 10 c. 9.0 10 e. 9.0 10
2
b. 3.0 10 d. 9.0 10
4 5
17.3
A solution that is formed by combining 400. mL of 0.20 M HNO3 with 600. mL of 0.10 M NaOH has + an H3O concentration of a. 0.20 M. b. 0.10 M. c. 0.060 M. d. 0.020 M. e. 5.0 10
13
.
7 11
17.4
Carbonic acid is a diprotic acid, H2CO3, with Ka1 = 4.2 10 and Ka2 = 4.8 10 . The ion product for water is Kw = 1.0 10 0.037 molar? a. 3.7 10 c. 6.5 10 e. 4.2 10
2 2 14
b. 7.4 10 d. 1.2 10
4 4
17.5
Which of the following pairs of solutions could be mixed to produce a buffer? a. NaOH and HCl only b. HF and NaF only c. NH3 and NH4Cl only d. both a and b e. both b and c
17.6
A 25.00-mL sample of propionic acid, CH3CH2COOH, of unknown concentration was titrated with 0.104 M KOH. The equivalence point was reached when 35.31 mL of base had been added. The concentration of the original propionic acid is a. 0.0736 M. b. 0.128 M. c. 0.147 M. d. 0.162 M. e. 0.295 M.
17.7
What is the solubility product expression for Zn3(PO4)2? a. [Zn3 ][(PO4 )2] b. [Zn ][2PO4 ] c. [Zn ] [PO4 ]
2+ 3 2+ 3 2+ 3 3 2 3 2 2+ 3
Which of the following metal sulfides is the next to the most soluble (mol/L) in water? a. CoS (Ksp = 4 10 ) b. CuS (Ksp = 8 10 ) c. FeS (Ksp = 5 10 ) d. HgS (Ksp = 4 10 ) e. MnS (Ksp = 6 10 )
16 50 18 36 21
17.9
The Ksp for magnesium carbonate is 1.0 10 . What is the molar solubility of MgCO3? a. 1.0 10 mol/L b. 1.0 10 mol/L c. 4.5 10 mol/L d. 3.2 10 mol/L e. 3.2 10 mol/L
3 4 4 5 6
17.10 The Ksp of Cd(OH)2 is 1.2 10 . What is the pH of a saturated solution of Cd(OH)2? a. 4.5 b. 4.8 c. 9.2 d. 9.5 e. 9.7 17.11 What is the minimum concentration of Mg that is needed to begin the formation of a precipitate of Mg(OH)2 in a solution of pH 10.7? [Ksp Mg(OH)2 = 1.8 10 .] a. 2 10 M b. 7 10 M c. 2 10 M d. 7 10 M e. 5 10 M 17.12 The best explanation for the dissolution of ZnS in dilute HCl is that a. the zinc ion is amphoteric. b. the sulfide-ion concentration is decreased by the formation of H2S. c. the sulfide-ion concentration is decreased by oxidation to sulfur. d. the zinc-ion concentration is decreased by the formation of a chloro complex. e. the solubility product of ZnCl2 is less than that of ZnS.
3 4 4 5 5 11 2+
14
Middlesex County College Department of Natural Sciences CHM 122 General Chemistry II Lecture (Section 06) Spring 2013 Chapter Eighteen Preliminary Homework Problems Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium
Section 18.1: Spontaneous Processes 18.2 Section 18.2: Entropy 18.7 Section 18.3: Entropy Changes in a System 18.13, 18.15, 18.17 Section 18.4: Entropy Changes in the Universe 18.21, 18.23 Section 18.5: Predicting Spontaneity 18.29, 18.31, 18.33, 18.35, 18.37 Section 18.6: Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium 18.41, 18.43, 18.45, 18.47, 18.49 Section 18.7: Thermodynamics in Living Systems 18.53 Additional Problems 18.55, 18.59
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18.3
18.4
18.5
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18.7
Middlesex County College Department of Natural Sciences CHM 122 General Chemistry II Lecture (Section 06) Spring 2013 Chapter Nineteen Preliminary Homework Problems Electrochemistry
Section 19.1: Balancing Redox Reactions 19.1 Section 19.2: Galvanic Cells 19.6 Section 19.3: Standard Reduction Potentials 19.11, 19.13, 19.15, 19.17 Section 19.4: Spontaneity of Redox Reactions Under Standard-State Conditions 19.21, 19.23, 19.25 Section 19.5: Spontaneity of Redox Reactions Under Conditions Other Than Standard State 19.29, 19.31, 19.33 Section 19.6: Batteries 19.39 Section 19.7: Electrolysis 19.43, 19.45, 19.47, 19.49, 19.51, 19.53, 19.55, 19.57 Section 19.8: Corrosion 19.59 Additional Problems 19.75
19.3
0.44 V 0.13 V
a. The mass of the iron electrode increases during discharge. b. Electrons leave the lead electrode to pass through the external circuit during discharge. c. The concentration of Pb decreases during discharge. d. The iron electrode is the cathode.
2+
e. When the cell has completely discharged (to zero voltage), the concentration of Pb is zero. 19.4 Calculate E for the cell reaction 2Cr + 3Sn 3Sn + 2Cr . Cr + 3e Cr
4+ 3+ 4+ 2+ 3+
2+
2+
E = 0.74 V E = 0.15 V
For a certain reaction, H = 76.0 kJ and S = 234 J/K. If n = 3, calculate Etot for the reaction at 25 C. a. 0.022 V b. 0.032 V c. 0.065 V d. 0.096 V e. 0.192 V
a. G is negative and K is less than 1. b. G is negative and K is greater than 1. c. G is zero and K is greater than 1. d. G is positive and K is greater than 1. e. G is positive and K is less than 1.
19.6
Middlesex County College Department of Natural Sciences CHM 122 General Chemistry II Lecture (Section 06) Spring 2013 Answer Key to Multiple Choice Problems
12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 b d c c a c b d e e c c c e d d e b d c 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 a e c e e d b c a a d b d e d d e c 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.10 17.11 17.12 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 c c e d b b e b d d c e a b c c b a e