PHP MySQL Basic - Training Slides

Introduction to PHP & MySQL
A 4 days Course Presented by
Shaizar Md Daud @ Jat
Course Outline

Introduction to HTML Introduction to PHP PHP - The Language Using Variables Giving Your Code Life Flow Control Using Functions Creating Custom Functions Making Things Constant Variable Scope Now You See Me, Now You Dont! Introduction to Database & MySQL Using MySQL from PHP Putting things Together Lab Project
9 - 12 April 2007 Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)
Day 1

Introduction to HTML Introduction to PHP PHP - The Language
9 - 12 April 2007
Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)
What is HTML?
Hyper-Text Markup Language
Language for creating web pages Defines format & layout of a document Documents are Portable Link multiple documents Local and remote documents A simple text file Tag-based language
9 - 12 April 2007
HTML Markup Tags
Single Tags
No Content or Child Tags
Syntax: <tagname/> or <tagname> Example:
<br/>, <br>, <hr>
9 - 12 April 2007
HTML Markup Tags, contd
Start and End Tags
Contains Content or Child Tags
Syntax: <tagname>Some Content</tagname> Example:
<p>The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog</p>
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HTML Comments
Comments are not rendered (displayed)
Syntax:  Example: 
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HTML Document Structure

Document Type Declaration HTML Container

HTML Header HTML Body
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DOCTYPE
Common DOCTYPEs:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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HTML Container Tags

Start Tag <html> <head> <body> End Tag </html> </head> </body> Description HTML Container HTML Header Section HTML Body Section
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HTML Layout Tags

Start Tag <p> <br/> <div> End Tag </p> </div> Description Paragraph Text Insert Line Break Division Block
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HTML Text Formatting Tags

Start Tag <b> <strong> <i> End Tag </b> </strong> </i> Description Bold Text Bold Text Italic Text
<u>
<hr/> <hn> <span>
</u>
</hn> </span>
Underline Text
Horizontal Line Text Headers [ n = 1 6 ] Apply Format Elements to Text
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HTML List Tags

Start Tag <ol> <ul> <li> End Tag </ol> </ul> </li> Description Ordered List Unordered List List Item
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Ordered List Tag

Syntax: <ol type=[ 1 | I | i | A | a ]> [ list items ]</ol>
Example: <ol>
<li>Item 1</li> <li>Item 2</li> </ol>
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Unordered List Tag

Syntax: <UL type=[ DISC | CIRCLE | SQUARE ]> [ list items ]</UL>
Example: <UL>
<li>Item 1</li> <li>Item 2</li> </UL>
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HTML Table
Start Tag <table> <tr> <td> End Tag </table> </tr> </td> Description Table Container Table Row Table Data
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HTML Table Example

<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2 width=600> <tr> <td width=200>Row 1, Column 1</td> <td width=400>Row 1, Column 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td align=left valign=center>Row 2, Column 1</td> <td>Row 2, Column 2</td> </tr> </table>
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HTML Tags HTML Links

Start Tag <a href=[url]> <a href=#myId> End Tag </a> </a> Description Anchor link to a URL. Anchor link to an Target ID.
<a id=myId>
</a>
Target ID to link to.
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HTML Forms
Start Tag
<form> <input /> <select> <option> <textarea>
End Tag
</form> </select> </option> </textarea>
Description
Form Container Input Fields Select Box Container Select Box Options Text Box
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Form Tag
Syntax: <FORM action=<url> method=[ GET | POST ]> Example: <FORM action=register.php method=post> . . . . . . </FORM>
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Input Tag
Attributes
type
TEXT | CHECKBOX | RADIO | PASSWORD | HIDDEN | SUBMIT | RESET | BUTTON
name value size maxlength checked

Input Tag, contd

Example: <INPUT type=text name=fullname size=50/> <INPUT type=password name=pass size=50/>
<INPUT type=radio name=sex value=m/> Male

<INPUT type=radio name=sex size=f/> Female <INPUT type=checkbox name=class size=php_b/> <INPUT type=checkbox name=class size=php_i/> <INPUT type=checkbox name=active size=1/> Yes <INPUT type=submit name=cmdSave value=Save/>
Select Tag
Attributes

name size multiple
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Option Tag

Used within SELECT tags. Defines SELECT Items. Attributes

value selected
CDATA = Select item label
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SELECT OPTION
Example: <SELECT name=addr_state size=1> <OPTION value=sel selected>Selangor</OPTION>
<OPTION value=joh>Johor</OPTION>
<OPTION value=ked>Kedah</OPTION> </SELECT>
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SELECT OPTION (multiple)

Example: <SELECT name=avail_state size=10 multiple> <OPTION value=sel selected>Selangor</OPTION>
<OPTION value=joh>Johor</OPTION>
<OPTION value=ked selected>Kedah</OPTION> </SELECT>
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TextArea Tag
Attributes

rows cols wrap: [ soft | hard | off ] Text to be displayed in the form field.
CDATA
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TextArea Tag, contd

Example: <TEXTAREA name=notes rows=10 cols=40> Text displayed in TextArea form field.
It supports multiple text lines.

</TEXTAREA>
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What is PHP

Scripting Language Server-side Scripting Embedded Scripts Based on C, C++, and Perl Create web pages dynamically Multi-platform (*nix, Windows) Supports Apache and IIS web server CGI or Server Module
Server-side vs Client-side
Server-side
Client-side
Pro

Pro

More secure Client independent Light-weight Client Easier deployment
Better response Richer user interface No or lighter server requirements Less secure Client dependent Challenging Deployment
Con

Con

Powerful hardware High server resource High Network resource
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PHP Basic Construct

<html> <body> HTML Section <h1>HTML Title</h1>
<?php
echo Hello from PHP; PHP Section ?> </body> HTML Section </html>
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Language Syntax

Start PHP Section
<?php or <? ?> A_php_statement;
End PHP Section
PHP Statement
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PHP Comments

Not executed Source-code documentation Disable parts of codes C-style Comments

// Single line comment /* Multi-line comment */
Perl-style Comments (not recommended)
# Perl-style single line comment
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Day 2

Using Variables Giving Your Code Life Flow Control
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Data Types
Data Type String Integer Float Boolean Array Object Resource Database, file
Description text, text -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 0.4, 1.234 True, false, 0, <none zero>
Variables
Syntax

$my_variable_1 $_my_variable
Case sensitive Container to hold a value or values Values can be changed Variable name starts with an alphabet or underscore Variable name consist of alphabets, underscores, and numbers
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Giving Variables a Value
Examples

$my_string = My String; $my_numbers = 123; $fn_return_value = my_function();
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Arrays

Stores multiple values in a single variable Stored values can be of different types Index-based or Key-based
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Index-based Array

Numeric indexes Examples

$index_array[0] = Item 1; $index_array[1] = Item 2; $index_array[2] = Item 3;
Index starts from 0
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Associate Array

Keys instead of numeric indexes Examples

$kb_array[one] = Item 1; $kb_array[two] = Item 2; $kb_array[three] = Item 3;
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Constants

Value is fixed once created Example Creating constants

define(MYCONST, 23); define(MYCONSTSTR, My String);

print The value of MYCONST: . MYCONST;
Example Using constants
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Operators
Operator = Description Assignment Operator + Description Addition
==
=== !
Equality
Exact Equality Not
++
--
Increment
Subtraction Decrement
&&
|| >, >= <, <=
Logical AND
Logical OR Greater (or Equal) Less (or Equal)
*
/ % .
Multiply
Division Modulo Concatenate (string)
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Form Variables

$_GET[<field_name>] $_POST[<field_name>] $_REQUEST[<field_name>]
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Flow Control

Conditional Statements Loops
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IF Statement
Syntax: if ( <condition> ) { [ block to be executed if <condition> is true ]
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IF ELSE
Syntax: if ( <condition> ) { [ block to be executed if <condition> is true ]
}
else { [ block to be executed if <condition> is false ] }
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IF ELSE IF
Syntax: if ( <condition1> ) { [ block to be executed if <condition1> is true ]
} else if ( <condition2> ) { [ block to be executed if <condition2> is true ] }
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Nested IF
Syntax: if ( <condition1> ) { [ block to be executed if <condition1> is true ]
if ( <condition2> ) { [ block to be executed if <condition2> is true ] } [ continue ]

}
9 - 12 April 2007
Example of IF Statements
if( $_POST[location] == sel ) { print Selangor; } if( $_POST[age] <=18 ) { print You must be above 18; } else { print You may proceed; }
Loops

WHILE loop FOR loop FOREACH loop
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WHILE Loop
Syntax: while ( <condition> ) { [ block to be executed
while <condition> is true ]

}
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WHILE Loop Example

Example: $i = 0; while( $i print . . $i++; }
< sizeof( $profile ) ) { Item $i: $profile[ $i ] <br />;
9 - 12 April 2007
FOR Loop
Syntax: for ( <init>; <condition>; <iterator> ) { [ block to be executed
while <condition> is true ]

}
9 - 12 April 2007
FOR Loop Example

Example: for ( $i = 0; $i < sizeof( $profile ); $i++ ) { print Item $i: . $profile[ $i ] . <br />; }
9 - 12 April 2007
FOREACH Loop
Syntax 1: foreach ( <array> as <var_value> ) { [ block to be executed for each item in array ]
}
Syntax 2: foreach ( <array> as <var_key> => <var_value> ) { [ block to be executed for each item in array ] }
9 - 12 April 2007
FOREACH Loop Example

Example 1: foreach ( print . . } Example 2: foreach ( print . . } $profile as $item ) { Item: $item <br />;
$profile as $key => $item ) { Item . $key . : $item <br />;

9 - 12 April 2007
Day 3

Using Functions Creating Custom Functions Making Things Constant Variable Scope Now You See Me, Now You Dont!
9 - 12 April 2007
Using Functions
Syntax: function_name([<param>]) Example:
echo date();
echo date( d-m-Y ); $a = sprintf( hello );
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User-defined functions
Syntax: function function_name() { }
function function_name($param1, $param2=2) {

return $rv; }
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Variable Scope

Global Scope
Accessible throughout script Accessible within a function Access global variables within a function
Local Scope
GLOBAL keyword
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Global keyword
Example: $cfgHost = localhost; function getHostName() {
global $cfgHost;
$label = The hostname is: ; // local scope. echo $label . $cfgHost; }
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Inserting External Files

include([<path>]<filename>); include_once([<path>]<filename>); require([<path>]<filename>); require_once([<path>]<filename>);
9 - 12 April 2007
Day 4

Introduction to Database & MySQL Using MySQL from PHP Putting things Together Lab Project
9 - 12 April 2007
Database

A structured collection of data Contains 1 or more Tables
db1
db1.table_1 db1.table_3
db1.table_2
db1.table_4
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Table

Tables contain records Records contain fields Fields have values
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Creating a Database
Syntax: CREATE DATABASE dbname; Example:
CREATE DATABASE training;
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Using a Database
Syntax: USE dbname; Example:
USE training;
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Creating a Table
Syntax: CREATE TABLE table_name ( field1_name field_spec,
field2_name
); Example:
field_spec
CREATE TABLE student (
st_id
bigint primary key auto_increment,
st_fname varchar(100), st_age );

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tinyint unsigned
Querying a Table
Syntax: SELECT <field_list> FROM <table_name> [ WHERE <condition> ];
Example:
SELECT * FROM student; SELECT * FROM student WHERE st_age > 20;
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Inserting a Record
Syntax: INSERT INTO `table_name` (<fieldlist>) VALUES (<valuelist>};
Example:
INSERT INTO student (st_fname, st_age) VALUES ( Ahmad Albab, 20 );
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Updating a Record
Syntax: UPDATE table_name SET <field value list> [ WHERE <condition> ];
Example:
UPDATE student SET st_fname = Jat, st_age = 22 WHERE st_id = 1;
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Deleting a Record or Records

Syntax: DELETE FROM table_name [ WHERE <condition> ]; Example:
DELETE FROM student WHERE st_id = 2;

DELETE FROM student WHERE st_age < 18;
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PHP Functions for MySQL

PHP Function mysql_connect() mysql_select_db() mysql_query() mysql_fetch_array() mysql_insert_id() mysql_error() Description Connect to a MySQL database server Make a database active Execute SQL statement on active database Fetch a row from query result and return as data as an array of fields and values Returns the last inserted ID from an auto_increment field Returns the last MySQL error message.
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mysql_connect()
Syntax: resource mysql_connect ( [string server [, string username [, string password [, bool new_link [, int client_flags]]]]]); Example:
$dbh = mysql_connect( localhost, root, );
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mysql_select_db()
Syntax: bool mysql_select_db ( string database_name [, resource link_identifier] ) Example: $stat = mysql_select_db( training, $dbh );
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mysql_query()
Syntax: resource mysql_query ( string query [, resource link_identifier] ) Example: $rh = mysql_query( SELECT * FROM student, $dbh );
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mysql_fetch_array()
Syntax: array mysql_fetch_array ( resource result [, int result_type] ) Example: $row = mysql_fetch_array( $rh );
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mysql_insert_id()
Syntax: int mysql_insert_id( [resource link_identifier] )
Example:
$newId = mysql_insert_id( $dbh );
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mysql_error()
Syntax: string mysql_error( [resource link_identifier] ) Example:
$errMsg = mysql_error( $dbh );
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Putting It All Together
Lab Project
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Thank You

Shaizar Md Daud @ Jat jat@shaizar.com Tel: 012-311 2506
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Introduction to PHP & MySQL

A 4 days Course Presented by

Shaizar Md Daud @ Jat

Introduction to HTML Introduction to PHP PHP - The Language

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Hyper-Text Markup Language

HTML Markup Tags

No Content or Child Tags

Syntax: <tagname/> or <tagname> Example:

<br/>, <br>, <hr>

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

HTML Markup Tags, contd

Start and End Tags

Contains Content or Child Tags

Syntax: <tagname>Some Content</tagname> Example:

<p>The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog</p>

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Comments are not rendered (displayed)

Syntax:  Example: <!--

This is a HTML comment

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

HTML Document Structure

Document Type Declaration HTML Container

HTML Header HTML Body

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

HTML Container Tags

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

HTML Layout Tags

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

HTML Text Formatting Tags

HTML List Tags

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Ordered List Tag

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Unordered List Tag

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

HTML Table Example

HTML Tags HTML Links

Target ID to link to.

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

TEXT | CHECKBOX | RADIO | PASSWORD | HIDDEN | SUBMIT | RESET | BUTTON

name value size maxlength checked

Input Tag, contd

<INPUT type=radio name=sex value=m/> Male

name size multiple

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Used within SELECT tags. Defines SELECT Items. Attributes

CDATA = Select item label

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

SELECT OPTION (multiple)

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

TextArea Tag, contd

It supports multiple text lines.

Trainer: Shaizar Md Daud (jat@shaizar.com)

More secure Client independent Light-weight Client Easier deployment

Powerful hardware High server resource High Network resource

PHP Basic Construct