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ENABLING TECHNOLOGY
Advanced methods for modulating data signals. Faster Chip set. Digital equipments to amplify signals. Equipments to send or bypass signal through transformers.
Delta
CT BRIDGE:
routes and controls data traffic between the low and medium-voltage lines.
CT COUPLER:
Couples BPL signal to medium voltage primary lines.
BPL MODEM
Use specially designed Silicon Chips. Capable of handling PowerLine Noisethrough use of specially developed modulation technique & adaptive algorithm. roughly the size of a common power adapter. It plugs into a common wall socket. Ethernet cable running to computer finishes the connection. Wireless versions are also available.
Most commonly used Modulation Technique. Another technology used is CDMA. Also called Discrete Multitone Modulation (DMT), is a transmission technique based upon the idea of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) (used in IEEE 802.11a). Comparison to FDM: Coupling with "Channel Coding:
almost always used in conjunction with channel coding- an error correction technique, to create coded orthogonal FDM or COFDM .
OFDM Contd..
Benefits & Usage:
high spectrum efficiency, resistance against multipath interference (particularly in wireless communications), and ease of filtering out noise . has high performance. By combining the OFDM technique with errorcorrecting codes, adaptive equalization and reconfigurable modulation,
suffers from time-variations in the channel, or presence of a carrier frequency offset. tends to have a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) it is necessary to minimize intermodulation between the sub carriers, which would effectively raise the noise floor both in-channel and out of channel. For this reason circuitry must be very linear
Disadvantages of OFDM:
TYPES OF BPL
1. Access BPL.
Utilize the power distribution network, owned, operated and controlled by an electricity service provider. Use injectors, repeaters and extractors to deliver high-speed broadband services to the end-user.
Types Contd..
2. In-House BPL
Network machines within the building.
Utilize electric power lines not owned, operated or controlled by an electricity service provider, such as the electric wiring in a privately owned building. Devices are connected to the in-building wiring and use electrical sockets as access points. designed to provide short-distance communication solutions Product applications include networking and sharing common resources such as printers.
IN HOUSE BPL
ACCESS BPL
ISDN
Cable Modem
DSL
Twisted pair
BPL
Electric lines
Dedicated
Shared
128Kbps
TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
Unpredictable Noise Levels on Power Line. Attenuation Problem. Attenuation Problem at Distribution Transformer. Potentially harmful Radio Frequency interference (RFI). High Voltage and Fluctuation corrupt Data. Distribution System.
LIMITATIONS
Distances:
distance between the customers home& supplying subwillt allow the radio frequencies to station is a factor in the bit rate available to the user.
Cost: high capacity back bones. Competition: Competition from providers such as DSL and Cable
ISPs
Security:
Magnetic Interference).
Huge potential for last mile broadband service. Need for more investment dollars and partners.
CONTD
BPL in US.
FCC to measure interference. FEMA & ARRl expressed concern over unlicensed BPL equipment interfacing with their licensed radio signals. FCC sees BPL as a potential competitor to DSL. Current technologies provide BPL to Cincinnati &Rockville, MaryLand CURRENT Technology- Home Plug -no interference with radio signals Other ISPs- Earth Link -to test BPL leased from Progress Energy
FUTURE OF BPL
Following factors determine whether BPL will succeed in broadband market: Standardisation of BPL technology. Cost of BPL. Interference issues needs. The marketing of BPL needs to be performed to a high standard.
REFERENCE
www.nwc.com www.currenttechnologie.com www.powerlinecommunication.com