-

2012

 531.8
22.21
94

-
94
:
/ .: .. , .. . ..
. : , 2012. 28 .
-
-

, , ,
. .

-
,
,
..

531.8
22.21

-
, 2012
..,
.., 2012


,
- .
-

. , :
,
,
, ,
.

. ,
4.
, .
.
,
.
- ,
3. .
[2,5,6]
.
, [1],
, .
.
, . .
3

1.

1.1

, . ,
, 12 .
(6 , 10.4 )
1.2

, .
N = 25 .
, .
(48.3)

45
60

1.3
40
,
= 60.
. (46.19 )

II
I

1.4

,
14
, D
, = 30.
( 24.25 )

1.5*
I
.
II Q.
. I .
.
( tg 2 P / Q 1tg )
4

45

1.7
,
.
(YA = 1.89 H; XB = 1 H; YB= 0.16 H)

1.8
,
.
(XA= 1.73 H; YA= 1.2 H; YB= 2.2 H)

60

30
2

1.9
,
.
(YA= 2.67 H; YB= 4.67 H)

4
45

10

5
5

10

1.6
,
.
(XA= 1.41 H; YA= 3.57 H; YB= 2.85 H)

1.10
,
.
(YA = 5.38 H; X = 2.83 H; YB = 2.55 H)
1.11
,
.
(YA = 3 H; YB = 3 H)

1.12
,
. (1 H)

1.13
,
. (1 H)

1.14
,

45
. (5.77 H)

5
60

5
45

30

1.16
,

.
(XA = 3.46 H; YA = 3 H; YB = 5 H)

q=2 /

30

q=2 /

4
45

1.17
,

. (7.22 H)

1.18
,

,
. (5 H)

2
1

qmax=4 /
7

q= 3 /

30

1.15
A ,
. (2.1 H)

1.19
,

. (4.2 H)

45

1.21
,
. (YA = 4 H; m= 2 H)

q=3 /

2
2
qmax=4 /

1.20
,
.
(XA= 2.12 H; YA= 2.12 H; m= 3.49 H)

1.22
,
, . (42H)

1.23

,

. (13 H)

q=2 /

q=3 /

60

1.25
CD.
CD. (20 H)

1.24

,

.
(X = 3 H; Y = 17.2 H; m = 41.2 H)

1
10
D

4
3

60
2

1.26
CD.

. (4 H)

1.27

CD. CD. (3H)

2
30

1
4

D
q=2 /
60

1.28
CD.
CD. (41.57 H)

4
2

45

5
D

1.29
CD.
S CD. (42.43 H)

1.30
, 20 ,
.
. (17.32 H)

60

1.31
30
.
, =
1/4. (X = 10 H; Y = 20 H)

45

30

1.32
52
.
, = 1/4. (30.02 H)

 1. .
50 .
.
, = 30 (. 1, ).
. (. 1, ) .
. ,
, .
, .

T y

. 1
Fkx 0 : S cos T cos 2 0 ; S T cos 2 / cos .
Fky 0 : T sin 2 G S sin 0 T G /(sin 2 cos 2 tg) 86.6 H.
,
S 50 3 cos 60 / cos 30 50 ( ).
: T 86.6 , S 50 .
2. C ,
F1 1 , F2 2
M 1 . (. 2, ).
. : -
,
(. 2, ).

F2

F1
C

45

YA

)
M

F1

XA

F2
YC
1

45

. 2
, :
Fkx 0 : X A F2 cos 45 0 ; X A F2 cos 45 ; X A 1.41 .
mA ( Fk ) 0 : M F1 2 YC 3 F2 sin 45 5 0 ;
YC ( F2 sin 45 5 F1 2 M ) / 3 ; YC 2.7 .
Fky 0 : YA F1 YC F2 sin 45 0 ; YA 0.28 .
: X A 1.41 , YA 0.28 , YC 2.7 .

 3. ,
q 2 /
F 3 (. 3, ).
. , .

Q q l 6 H .
X A , YA m,
(. 3, ). :
q

)
45

mA

YA

45

XA 3

. 3

Fkx 0 : X A F cos 45 0 ; X A F cos 45 2.12 .

mA ( Fk ) 0 : mA Q 4 F sin 45 3 0 ; mA 22.36 .
Fky 0 : YA Q F sin 45 0 ; YA Q F sin 45 6.12 .
: X A 2.12 , YA 6.12 mA 22.36 .
4.
CD. CD,
G = 1 (. 4, ).
. , .
CD D.
X A , YA (. 4, ).

45
2

YA

T
45

XA

. 4

, :
mA ( Fk ) 0 : T sin 45 2 G 5 0 ; T 5 G /(2 sin 45) 3.54 .
Fkx 0 : X A T cos 45 0 ; X A T cos 45 2.5 .
Fky 0 : YA T sin 45 G 0 ; YA G T sin 45 1.5 .
, YA
, .
(. 4, ).
: X A 2.5 , YA 1.5 T 3.54 .
10

2.

2.1

= 800 .
, = 2 = 1 . (400 )

2.2
, D
F=120 H. (80)

2.3

, q = 2 /. = D = 2 .
= 1. (3 )

2.4

= 400 .
D, = D =2 . = 1. (100 )

2.5

= 3 , q=1/.
, = 3 = 2 . (0)

q
M

qmax
M

2.6
,

qmax = 2 /
= 2 . (2 )
2.7
,
F = 1
CD
q = 1 /. , = 3 ,
D = 2 . (3 )

11

2.8
, F =100H.
(110.4 H)

45

45

2.10
,

10 H, BC = E =
1 . (25.8 H)

M
60

45
E

2.11
F, A
9 , AB = BD = 1 , CE =
ED, M = 6 . (4 )

60

2.9
E, F=850 H,
BC = CD = DE. (400.7 H)

2.12

, F = 600 ,
= 2. (200 )

45

2.13
, 2 ,

q = 100 /.
. (141.4 )

12

qmax

2.15
,
F = 3 , = 30, = .
(3 )

2.14
qmax = 3 /.
,
= 2 . (1 )

2.16

, F = 900 ,
= . (450 )

2.17

, F = 800 ,
= . (400 )

60

2.18
D
= 400 .

, D = 2 . (200 )

2.19
,
, F = 2 .

.
BC. (1 )

13

2.20
D 400

. ,
= 200 , = = 2 . (800 )

2.21
4

D.
D,
= D. CD
. (1 )

60

2.23
2
D,
.
. (1.73 )

30

2.22
,
3 ,
D.
CD D, D = BC.
CD . (3 )

2.24
D 4
AB,
.
, BD = = 3 , CD = 4 . (4 )

B
45
D

D
45

2.25
D 1

2 , DB = BC.
,
= 2 . (3 )

14

2.26
600

,
.
. (300 )
2.27
1
,
.
, =2 .
(1.73 )

C
60
B

2.29
500

,
4 .
, .
(2 )

30
B

C
60
D

30

2.28
,
1 ,
2 . (3 )

2.30
D 1
AB,
.
, = , = 2 .
(1.73 )
2.31
80

200 .

.
. (415.69 )

15


qmax

5. =10 ,

5 /. (. 5, ).

qmax

)
YA

YC

XA

YB

YB

. 5
.
.
.
:
.
(. 5, ):
mC ( Fk ) 0 ;
YB BC Q 2 / 3 0 ; YB 2Q / 3 5 .
(. 5, ).
X A , YA ,
.
mA ( Fk ) 0 ;
m A M YB AB 0 ; m A M YB AB 30 .
: mA 30 .
6.
, F = 2 , CE
= 10 , = 6 , = 2 (. 6, ).

YA
M

YE

XA

XE

. 6
.
YA ,
,
(. 6, ):
16

 mE ( Fk ) 0 ;
YA AE F ( AE BC ) M 0 ; YA
: YA 3 .

F ( AE BC ) M
3 .
AE

7. D 1
2 , DB = 2BC. D
G = 3 . ,
= 2 (. 7, ).

)
YA

XA

NB

45

45

NB

45

YC

XC

. 7
. ,

CD . D Q , G

X C , YC N B .
NB (. 7, ):
mC ( Fk ) 0 ;
G DC cos 45 Q DC / 2 cos 45 N B BC 0 ,

G 3 cos 45 Q 3C / 2 cos 45
21 2
(G 3 Q 3 / 2) cos 45
.

P
,

X A , YA , mA N B DC,
.
, mA (. 7, ):
mA ( Fk ) 0 ;
m A P AB / 2 N B AB sin 45 0 ;
NB

m A ( P N B 2 ) AB / 2 (2
: m A 12.5 .

21 2
2 ) 12.5 .
4

17

3.

3.1
F , :
() M O i j 2k . (2.45 )
3.2
- ()
rA 6 j 8k . () F 3i 4 j .
. (43.86 )
3.3
() F 2i 3 j 4k . - ()

rA 3i j 2k . Oz. (11 )
3.4
() F 2i 3 j . - ()

rA 3i j 2k . ,
. (10.05 )
z

3.5
F
, F = 16 ,
= 2 . ( 22.63 )

3.6

, q || z . ,
q = 3 /, = 4 . ( 24 )

3.7

, q = 200 /, = 3 ,
b = 6 . ( 300 )

18

 ,
z

M1

M3

3.8

1 = 2 = 3 = 2 .
. (3.46 )

M2

3.9

, ,
1 = 29 2 = 14 . (41.72 )

M2
30

M1
z

3.10
= 2
F = 0.5 = 5 .
,
. (6.08 )

F
M

x
z

F2

F1

F1

F2

3.11
= 0.1
( F1 , F1 ) ( F2 , F2 ).
, F1
F1 10 F2 F2 50 . (5.75 )

x
z

M2

M1
x

60
y

3.12

1 = 2 , 2 = 3 = 3 .
2 3 Oyz, 1 || .
(2.53 )

M3

19

3.13
= 0.9 .
,
F1 = F2 = F3 = 8 .
. (12.47 )

F1

F2

F3

x
z

M2

3.14

1 = 260 2 = 325 . Oyz.
, l = 0.125 .
(520 )

M1
z

3.15
= 0.8 F1 =
F2 = 6 F3 = 3 .
,
. (3.54 )

F2
F1

F3

x
z

F2

F1

3.16
= 1.5
F2 = 50 F1 = F1 = 45 .
,
. (95.46 )

F1

x
y

M1

M2
60

M3
45

30

3.17

1 = 2 , 2 = 1.41
3 = 2 ,
Oxy .
. (2.45 )

20

3.18
F1 , F2 , F3 F4 ,
R .
b R Oxz,
= 1 , F1 F2 15 , F3 F4 5 R = 40 .
(0.25 )

R
b

F4
F2

F1

F3

3.19

G = 500 H
1, 2 3. .
(S1 = 250 H, S2 = 250 H, S3 = 500 H)

3.20

G = 6 H
1, 2 3. .
(S1 = 3 H, S2 = 0, S3 = 3 H)

2
3

N
D

3.21

G = 5 H
.
Q = 10 , EN = AD/4.
. (Y = Y = 2.5 ,
YD = YC = 5 )
3.22
G = 10 H 1, 2 3. C
Q = 8 . 2,
A = C. (S2 = 4 )

21

3.23
G=100

|| Oy. Q || Oz, Q
Ox,
y
a = 0.5 , b = 5 .
. (5 )

a
3

x
z

3.24
G = 40 H
R
1, 2 3.
1, , 3
20 . (10 )

x
z

3.25
: Q = 100 H,
r = 10 ,
P,
R = 20 .
,
= 30 , = 50 . ( = 50 , ZA = 93.75 H,
Z = 56.25 H)

C r

P
y

z
C r

Q
z

40

30
20

R
r

P
Q

3.26
Q = 100
; r = 10 ,
= 40 , = = 50 .
F ,
AK .
(F = 25 H, ZA= 75 H, ZB = 50 H)

3.27

, : Q = 120 H,
P.

r = 10 , R = 20 .
( = 60 , ZA = 120 H, Z = 60 H)

22

3.28
.
,
F = 12 ,
, = = D.
(12 2 )

3.29
.
,
F = 2 ,
, = = D. ( 2 )

3.31

D, Q = 180 , =
170 , = D = 100 , CD = 120 ; = D
CDA . (204 , 60 )

3.30
.
, F = 2
, = = .
(S1 = S2 = 2 , S3 = 2 2 )

30

3.32
D
, 100 . ,

.
. (38.49 )

23

3.33
G = 400 H

,
DK. .
(200 )

30
E

30

3.34
G = 500 H

,
D.
. (T = 500 , XA = 250 3 H, ZA = XB = 0,
ZB = 250 H)

30

3.35
G =
200 30
DE.
DE . (S =100 ,
XA = 50 H, ZA = 13.4 H, XB = 0, ZB = 100 H)

G
30

A
D
x

30

30

3.36

200 ,
.
. ( = 200 , XA =
86.6 H, YA =150 H, ZA = 100 H, XB = ZB = 0)

z
E

G
A

30

3.37
G =
400 30
Q. Q
, E
= . (Q = 200 , XB = 0,
ZB = 200 H, XA =173.21 H, ZA = 100 H)

24

3.38
= 60
F = 10 ,
.
, F || Oxz
b = 0.9 (7.79 )

3.39
,
Q = 1 . R = 10 .
KD = 50 , AD = 30 , AC = 40 ,
= 40 .
. P
KD. ( = 200 , =
B = 500 H, ZA = 275 H, ZB = 75 H)

y
z

40

30

30

R
r
30

60
y

K
D

3.40
Q = 100
.
,
30. ,
r = 10 , R = 20 ,

, .. 1 = 22. (1 = 50 , 2 = 25 ,
= 27.3 , ZA = 60 H, = 41 , ZB = 15 H)
3.41
,
Q = 1 . R = 10 ,
KD = 50 , AD = 30 , AC = 40 ,
= 40 .
,
60. P
,
KD . ( = 0.2 ,
= 0.25 , ZA = 0.16 H, = 0.25 ,
ZB = 0.51 H)

25

 8.
- () rA i 2 j 3k .

() F 4 j 5k .
.
. F, ,

i
j k
i j k
M O rA F x
y
z 1 2 3 2i 5 j 4k ,
Fx Fy Fz 0 4 5
2 , y 5 , z 4 .
M x 2 M y 2 M z 2 45 6.71 .
: 6.71 .
9. .
, F = 1 .
= = D (. 8, ).
. .
;
, (. 8, ).

S3

F
D

S2

S1

. 8
, :
Fkx 0 : S1 cos 45 S2 0 ;
Fky 0 : S3 cos 45 S1 cos 45 0 ; S1 S3 ;

Fkz 0 :

S3 cos 45 F 0 ; S3 F / cos 45 1.41 ;

S1 S3 1.41 , S 2 S1 / cos 45 2 .
,
, (. 8, ).
: S1 1.41 , S 2 2 S3 1.41 .

26

 10. Q = 500 ;
r = 10 , = 50 , = = 50 .
F , AK
(. 9, ).

)
y

C r

F
60

YA

C r

Q
60

XA

. 9
. : F,
Q, , X A , YA , X , Y
(. 9, ).
F :
m y ( Fk ) 0 : F Q r 0 ; F Q r / AK 500 10 / 50 100 .
X , Y ,
z x .
mz ( Fk ) 0 : X B B Q cos 60 AC 0 ; X B 125 .
mx ( Fk ) 0 : YB B Q sin 60 AC 0 ; YB 216.51 .
X A , YA :
Fkx 0 : X A X B Q cos 60 0 X 125 .
Fkz 0 : YA YB Q sin 60 F 0 Y 549.52 .
: F 100 , X 125 , Y 549.52 , X B 125 , YB 216.51 .

1. .. . .: , 2004. 416 .
2. .., .. . : 15-
., . .: , 2010. 608 .
3. .. : . . 36-
. . .: , 1986. 448 . ---: , 2008.
448.
4. .., .. . :
. ; . .. .: . ., 1989. 368 . 2-
. -, , 2008. 368.
5. .., .., ..
. . / . - : , 2004. 180.
6. .., .. .
1. . / . - : , 2009. 171.

27

: .. , ..
..

-
-
28.05.12
6084/16
313

.-.. 1,75
100 .
1
... 1,75
-
420043, , , 1
28