econstor

www.econstor.eu

Der Open-Access-Publikationsserver der ZBW Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft

The Open Access Publication Server of the ZBW Leibniz Information Centre for Economics

Lissitsa, Alexej; Luka, Oksana; Gagaljuk, Taras; Kvasa, Sergiy

Working Paper

Discussion paper // Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern

Europe, No. 92
Provided in Cooperation with:
Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern
Europe (IAMO)

Suggested Citation: Lissitsa, Alexej; Luka, Oksana; Gagaljuk, Taras; Kvasa, Sergiy (2006) :

, Discussion paper // Leibniz Institute of Agricultural
Development in Central and Eastern Europe, No. 92, urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-4567 , http://
hdl.handle.net/10419/28467

Nutzungsbedingungen:
Die ZBW rumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche,
rumlich unbeschrnkte und zeitlich auf die Dauer des Schutzrechts
beschrnkte einfache Recht ein, das ausgewhlte Werk im Rahmen
der unter
http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen
nachzulesenden vollstndigen Nutzungsbedingungen zu
vervielfltigen, mit denen die Nutzerin/der Nutzer sich durch die
erste Nutzung einverstanden erklrt.

zbw

Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft
Leibniz Information Centre for Economics

Terms of use:
The ZBW grants you, the user, the non-exclusive right to use
the selected work free of charge, territorially unrestricted and
within the time limit of the term of the property rights according
to the terms specified at
http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen
By the first use of the selected work the user agrees and
declares to comply with these terms of use.

DISCUSSION PAPER
Institute of Agricultural Development in
Central and Eastern Europe

, ,
,
DISCUSSIONPAPER NO. 92
2006

Theodor-Lieser-Strae 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany

Phone: +49-345-2928 110
Fax: +49-345-2928 199
E-mail: iamo@iamo.de
Internet: http://www.iamo.de

 , -

(), . , .

.
: Leibniz-Institut fr Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa (IAMO)
Theodor-Lieser-Strae 2
06120 Halle (Saale)
Deutschland
:
:
. :
Internet:

+49-345-2928 121
+49-345-2928 399
lissitsa@iamo.de
http://www.iamo.de

" " .
.
(), . .
. :

gagalyuk@iamo.de

,
(), . .
.
:

()
. , 15
03041

:
:
. :
Internet:

+38-044-267 80 06
+38-044-267 80 06
oksana_l2@ukr.net
http://www.nauu.kiev.ua

,
(), .
.
. :

skvasha@nauu.kiev.ua

Discussion Papers are interim reports on work of the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in
Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO) and have received only limited reviews. Views or opinions
expressed in them do not necessarily represent those of IAMO. Comments are welcome and should be
addressed directly to the author(s).
The series Discussion Papers is edited by:
Prof. Dr. Alfons Balmann (IAMO)
Prof. Dr. Gertrud Buchenrieder (IAMO)
Prof. Dr. Thomas Glauben (IAMO)
ISSN 1438-2172

.

, . , , -
, ,
.
JEL: O13, O 17, P26, P32, P48, Q15, Q18
: , , .

ABSTRACT

COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

DEVELOPMENT AND PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONING
The following Discussion Paper depicts main principles and mechanisms of agricultural
policy of European Union. The study is aimed to show the wide Russian speaking research
community only a short historical background and few elements of current Agricultural
Policy rules and should be seen as a starting point for further analysis and discussions.
JEL: O13, O 17, P26, P32, P48, Q15, Q18
Keywords: European Union, agrarian policy, reform

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

GEMEINSAME AGRARPOLITIK DER EUROPISCHEN UNION

ENTWICKLUNG UND FUNKTIONSPRINZIPIEN
Dieses Discussion Paper zeigt die wichtigsten Prinzipien und Funktionsmechanismen der
Agrarpolitik der Europischen Union. Die Studie richtet sich an den breiten russischsprachigen
Leserkreis und soll nicht als ein alle Bereiche umfassende EU-Agrarpolitikanalyse betrachtet
werden. Das Paper soll eher als Startpunkt fr weitere Forschung und Diskussionen dienen.
JEL: O13, O 17, P26, P32, P48, Q15, Q18
Schlsselwrter:

Europische Union, Agrarpolitik, Reform.

Abstract....................................................................................................................................

Zusammenfassung................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................

1 ........................................................................................................................

2
...........................................................................................................................

3 .........................................

13

3.1 ........................................................
3.2 ..........................................................
3.3 .............................................
3.3.1 ..................................................................
3.3.2 ...................................................
3.4 ............................................
3.4.1 ..........................................................................
3.4.2 ...............................................
3.4.3 ......................................................
3.5 .........................................................................................................
3.6 ................................................
3.7 .........................................................................................................

13
14
21
21
23
26
27
29
32
33
34
39

4 .................................................

42

4.1 " " ..........................................

4.2 ..................
4.3 ..............................................................................
4.4 ..............................................................................................
4.5
................................................................................................
4.6 .......................................................................
4.7 ......................................................................................

42
43
44
44

5 ............................................................................................................................

49

.....................................................................................................

49

46
47
47

, , ,

1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:

...................................................................................
......................................
...........................................................

........................................................................................................
2000 .................
.................................
- 2000-2008 .......
...............
..........................................................................
, 2001-2003 .......................................................................
2000-2006 . .....................................................................
...........................................................................................

14
19
20
23
25
26
31
37
39
40
42
46

1
,
,
, , , ,
-, : ?
,
,
? , , ,
.
? ,
,
, .
,
- ,
70 ,
90- .
, ,
, ( ., 2004,
VON CRAMON-TAUBADEL, 2004). ,
,
.
, 50- .

, , , , , , 2005
. .
2
, . 3
, 4
, 2005 . 5 .
2

( ),
Common Agricultural Policy of European Union, ,
.

, .
50- .
, , . ,

. ,
, ,
.

, , ,

,
, . ,
1956 -
,

. :

,

, ;
,
, ;
;
;
.

, :

;
,
;
.

-.
, ,

. ,
, ,

. ,

. 50 %
(GOPINATH, MULLEN GULATI, 2004). 10-
60- . 70- .

( ).
.

" " " ".
,
. , , .
1975 .

.
,
.
1967 1969 .
" ",

. ,
, .
, " ",
.

,
(GOPINATH, MULLEN GULATI, 2004).
80- .
(
, 2005). ,
, , ,
. ,
, , .
,

.
,
1984 . 25 % 35 %
1960 .,
( , 2005).
, . " ",
.
.
.
1984 .,

. .
,
, ,
- .

, ,
. -

, (GOPINATH,
MULLEN GULATI, 2004).
1979 . () 1 %.
-

10

, , ,

,
(EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2005).
1986 . , . -,
, " ".
.
" ",

1,5 %, 3 %.
1,5 % ,
" " .
, ,
, .
" "
, ,
.
1992 -
,
. , ,

(EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2004). 29 %,

, .
15 % , , 92 .
, 15 %, , 90 .

. , ,
.
,
.

, .

.


.
. , ,

, ,
,
.
1996 .
(GOPINATH, MULLEN GULATI, 2004; KIRSCHKE, 2005).

11

,

.
.
, ,
, .
.
, , .
.
.
.
: . ,
. -, ,
, .
, , .
!
. -, .
()
.
, :
,
. ,
, ,
.
1999
" 2000" "Agenda 2000":
;
;
;
,
;
. 2000 ,

. ,
,
, (
, 2005).
2000,
10 %.
2008 . 20 %.
,
10 .
(15 %)
.
2000, 2003 .
. 26 2003
15

12

, , ,

. , ,
, , ,
,
, ,
, .
. 2013 .
4 .
,
( ):
1. 1956 . ,
;
2. ( 1960- . - 1980- .). . . " ".
. . .
. , ,
;
3. 1984 .
, .
. 1986 .
" ". " ";
4. (1992 .). .
. . ,
. .
,
;
5. 2000 (Agenda 2000) (1999 .). ,
.
,
;
6. (2003 .).
.
,
,
.
4 .

- .

13

3.1

, 2,
(Common Market Organisations),
26 90 %
.
: , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , ,
,
. .
() ,

- .
,
. ,
,
.

.
,
.
,
, ( ), (
).
,
.
1) (,
, ),
, , ,
;
2) , , ,
, (, , ,
) , ,
, ;
3)
. ,
, ;

.
1 1999 .

 , , ,

14

4) , ,
, , , ,
.
3.2

,

(. 1).
,
. ,
,

(ZOBBE, 2001). ,
1960- . .
1:

, 1967/68 .

3

4

,
100
10,7
16,1
18,0
9,1
9,0
22,3
68,0
56,7
72,3
51,1
187,4
115,6

, 100
5,8
8,1
15,3
5,7
5,6
5,1
38,8
38,6
55,0
38,7
47,2
69,8

,
%
185
200
117
160
160
438
175
147
131
132
397
166

20,2

10,1

200

: FENNEL, 1997.

,
,
,
5 :
, .
(target price) ,
.
.
3
4
5

.
.
, ,
12 .

15

, ,
e . 1995 . 6,
(indicative price),
, (basic price, guide price).
(threshold price), (sluicegate price)
, .
, ,
, .
.
(intervention price) ,
-
, .
, ,

.
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
7 .
- .
. ,
.

.
,
, .

. ,
.

.
, (
).

. ,
, ,
().

, .
, (
, .. CIF), -
.
6
7

Council Regulation (EC) 1528/95.

.

16

, , ,

,

. ,
.
1995 ., ,
( , ).
(maximum duty paid import price),
155 % ,
. ,

CIF .

, .
, .
(
),
( . 2.5).
.
:
, , , ,
8. ,
.

, ,
.

,
, ,
. , ,
,
" ". , 1980- .
, , ,
,
, , (UK FOOD
GROUP, 2002).
,
.
,
,
. ,
1980- ,
.

Council Regulation 120/67/EEC.

17

( ,
), (
, ,
,
). ,
, .
, ,
.
, ,
, 9.
, ,
.
,
,
. , 1969 . 1/6
( )
(USDA, 1999).
1986 . ( . 2.4.2), 1988 .
.

.
, 1989 . ,
( ).
(.. ,
).
,
, .
, .
(

. 2.3.2).
, 1992 .
. 1992 . ( -)
( , 1993/94 .)
, 29 % 1991/92 .,
. ,
( . 2.3.1).

,
.
, 1993/94 .
15 %,

,

( . 2.4.3).

18

, , ,

.
,
.
350 . ., 1997 .
(ARTIS LEE, 1997).
. , 1993/94 . ,
1994/95 . 5 % (ARTIS LEE,
1997).
2000 (Agenda 2000)

, , ,
.
. 2000,
, 15 %: 119,19
110,25 2000/01 101,31 2001/02
(DEFRA, 2003).
.
. ,
2780 ,
:
2000/01 2595 ;
2001/02 2409 ;
2002/03 2224 .
, c 1 2002 .
, 2224
. ,
103 %
(DEFRA, 2003).
, 1 2002 ., ""
("safety net" public intervention system).
- ( ) 1560
,
. 75 %
2002 . 70 % .
, ,

.
. ,
,
. ,
,
, .

19

92 % ,
, 90 %
.
()
1 31 .
, 109 . .

(private storage aid),
, .

.
,
.


" ". 2000 .
900 700 ,
449 . 708 . .
, ,
89,4 % 33,4 %
1984 . 53,0 % 27 %
2000- (EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2002b).
2000,
2005/06 .

,
.
, 2005/06
, , 15 % (. 2).
2:

, 100

2000-2005
30,98

2005-2006
2006-2007
29,23
27,47

200725,72

328,20

311,79

295,38

278,97

205,52

195,24

184,97

174,69

: DEFRA, 2003.

,
, ,
, .
(
- ),
. 3
.

 , , ,

20

3:

, 1

2005
2006
2007

5,75
11,49
17,24

13,90
27,80
41,70

: DEFRA, 2003.

. ,
.
( ). ,
,
. (1 )
, ,
.
, ,
. 1994 .
-. -
, ,
( ).
2000
, :
-

- ;

("") , .

, ,
. ,
/ , ""
.
2000, 2010 . . , , , ,
. ,
31 2003 . , , (
).
,
.
2000
,
,
, . :

21

1)
( , ,
, );
2) ,
50 % (
75 %).
.

. ,
, .
.
, ,

,
.
.
,
. ,
.
3.3

,
-
,
. ,
.
( ,
..).
3.3.1

, 1993/94 ,
(Arable Area Payment Scheme)10.
,
,
(
. 2.4.1). , ,
92 , .

, ,
. ,
25 1993/94 . 45
1995/96 . (CARDWELL, 2004). ,
.

10

Council Regulation (EEC) 1765/92.

Commission Regulation (EC) 762/94.

22

, , ,

2000
.
,
, 54 2000 . 63 2002 .
50 % (DEFRA, 2003).

. , ( 2,9 3,9 ).
, 2000 . 19 ,
.
- , ,
, .

,
,
.
, ,
, 2000 . , 2002 .
63 .
2000/2001 ., .
2000 , , 2002/03
,
11. 2000-2002 .
5483 . , 10 %
, .
- 1 %
1 %. , 72,37
2000/01 . 63 2001/02 .
,
, ,
9,5 . ,
2000/01 , 72,5 .

11

1992 .
,
,
(Blair House Agreement). ,
( ,
), 4933 . . , ,
2000
, . ,
,
. , , ,
, . ,
,
.

23

4 ,
,
.
4:

, /

2000/01
58,67
81,74
88,26
72,50

2001/02
63,00
72,37
75,63
72,50

2002/03
63,00
63,00
63,00
72,50

: DEFRA, 2003.

, ,
,
.

, .
.
,
. 1993/94 .,
297 (CARDWELL, 2004).
2000 1999 .,
, ,
344,5 .
,
. , 2000

58 . 118 . (DEFRA, 2003).
2000,
98,74 2000/01 . 110,54 2001/02 .,
75 % (
15 % , 194,05 2000/01 .
178,31 2001/02 .).
,
. - , 100 . ,
2000/01 2,81 % 2001/02 . 5,74 %.
, 100 . .,
1,41 % 2,87 % (DEFRA, 2003).
3.3.2
,
- (
) ,
( 90 ). 2000

24

, , ,

, .
.
(beef special premium). ,
(, )
, 90 12,
1,8 1 .

, 9
185 .
, 9 21 . 6.
-
1996 ., , 1995 .
(, ) ,
.
(suckler cow premium).
13
, ,
(
, 120 14). ,
,
, , ,
( , ),
. 2000 ,
200 2002 ( 6),
- ,
. 50 .

-
, (1995, 1996 1997),
3 . ,
, ,
1995 . ,
,
,
, .
(slaughter premium). , 2000 .,
, .
,
. ,
2000 80
, 8 , 50
12

13
14

-
.
20 %.
.

25

( 1 7 , 160 ) 2002 .
( 5). -
, :
(, ), .
,
1995 .
5:

2000 ( )

:
( ,
8
1 7 (
160 )

2000 .

2001 .

2002 .

160
122
163

185
126
182

210
150
200

27

53

80

17

33

50

: DEFRA, 2003.

(extensification premium).
2000
,
. :
100 ,
, ,
1,4
1 ;
. 2000/01 .
33 ,
1,6 2,0 , 66
1,6 1 . 2002 .,
40 1,4 1,8
80 1 1,4
.
,
50 % .

- , 50 % .
(deseasonalisation premium).
- ,
:
- , ,
60 % ,
;

 , , ,

26

- , 1
30 , 35 % ,
.
,
, ,
.
,
, 23
( ).
- , , ,
60 % .
1
6.
6:

,
15
16 17
18 21
22 23

72,45
54,34
36,23
18,11

: DEFRA, 2003.

. , , -

.
(, , ),
.
,
, ,

.
3.4

1980- ., ( )
, ,

: -
-. 1980- .
. , ,
,
( ),
,
.

27

, 1980- . ( ,
1984 . )
,
. 1992 .


(),
1995-2000 . 36 % .
, ,

, , , ,
.
3.4.1
,
,
, , ,
. , 1988 .
"
" (Five-Year Voluntary Set-Aside Scheme).
,
15 %
, . ,

. ,
. ,
,
. ,
,
.
(compulsory
set-aside), 1993 ., 1992 . (
-). ,
,
.


.

:
,

.
, , , , (
).

28

, , ,

,
, ,

(Arable Area Payment Scheme, AAPS). 15 %
, ,
5 % 17,5 %,
(DEFRA, 2001). 2000 ., 2000, ,
, 2000/01 ,
10 %. 2006/07
(DEFRA, 2003). ,
(
92 ), .
2000, ,
, , 2001/02 .
,
, 63 .
,
AAPS. ,
, 0,3 .
,
, 20
0,3 .
( 15 31 )
,
, ,
,
. , , ,
, ,
. ,
,
,
. ,
, ,
, , , ,
, , .
, ,
,
,
,
. , ,
1 ,
.
, ,
.
, (,
), :

29

,
.

,

. ,

. ,
(CLARKE, 1992;
FIRBANK, 1998), ,
, "".
,

, .
,
(DEFRA, 2001). ,
,
, . ,

(, ) ,

, , .
,
, . , ,
,

(infant-industry arguments).
,
,

,
. ,
.
3.4.2

.
1970- . ,
,
(), .
, ,
, .
,
" "15. ,

15

Council Regulation (EEC) No 856/84.

30

, , ,

.
1984 .,
, (milk quota).
- ,
, " "
, . , "
", "" 115 % ,
.
-10 1984 .
103,7 . ., 3,5 % ,
99,8 . . .
1981 . 1 %,
,
1981-1983 .
94,9 . ., 8,8 . .
.
,
,
, 1992/1993
- 10,5 %.
, 1986 , :
5,4 . . 1,9 . . ( 1990/0991
). ,
6,5 . . , 1992/1993 .
106,9 . (EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2002b).

1990- .,
,
1,6 . 1993/1994 . 1995 .
(, ),
8,4 . .,
2000.
121,7 . .,
2000/2001 .
,
5224 . 1984 .
(28,5 % , 18,33 . ) 2800 . 2001-2003 .
(6,5 % , 40,477 . ). ,
"" , ,
3,2 . ,
(co-responsibility levy),
,
6,0 . (EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2002b).
, 1985 .
1972 . ,

31

1500 .
1300 . .
, , 2007/2008 .
2000
. , - 2005-2007 .
1,5 % (. 8). , ,
, ,
2000/01 2001/02 .
2008 . 2,4 %.
8:

- 2000-2008 .,
.

2000 .

2005 .

2006 .

2749,401
3310,431
14602,655
27864,816
675,313
4455,348
5341,764
5916,950
10314,060
269,049
11074,692
1872,461
2404,528
24235,798
3310,000

2763,148
3326,983
14682,697
28004,140
700,513
4477,625
5395,764
6116,950
10530,060
270,350
11130,065
1881,823
241,551
24356,977
3326,515

2776,895
3343,535
14755,647
28143,464
700,513
4499,901
5395,764
6116,950
10530,060
271,739
11185,439
1891,186
2428,573
24478,156
3343,030

2007 .

2790,642
3360,087
14828,598
28282,788
700,513
4522,087
5395,764
6116,950
10530,060
273,085
11240,812
1900,548
2440,596
24599,335
3359,545

: DEFRA, 2003.

,
, - :
,
,
( );
, , 70 %
(
),

.

32

, , ,

3.4.3
1968 .16
2005,
.
. , .
, " ",

- .
,
, 30 % 45 %
. , " "
, " " :
,
.
, ,
.
" " ,
,
.
.
1975 . " " 9 . , " "
45 % " ", , ,
17.

" ", 2-
.
" " 32 %
,
, 39,5 .
,
58 % 42 % (
).
,
. ,
,
3/1 (EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2004b). 1995/96 .,
631 ,
- 523,7 (
)18. ,
30 2006 .
,
. ,
.
16
17
18

Council Regulation (EEC) 1009/67.

Council Regulation (EEC) 3330/74.
Council Regulation (EC) 1260/2001.

33

. , , 58 % , 42 %
. ,
1 7,7 .
46,72
, 32,42 ( , 1968/69 .
17 10 ).
,
"" ,
( ).
25 - 17,4 . (
2,9 . ), - 82 %
" " 18 % " " (EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2004b).

, , , ,
.
, " " (" ")
, .
, .
,
( 10 20 ,
).
3.5

, (, , , ),
(, ,
),
, .
, 20
,
92 % - .
1992 . 2000 .
, .
,
.

, .

( ),
(Intervention Board) ,

. , 60 (

 , , ,

34

, ),
. ,
19, ,
150 , 250 , 2000 ,
150 , 5000 ,
( ) 500 , ..
.

. ,
.
,
.
, ,
, - .
, ,
, ,
,
. ,
" ", "
" - .
3.6

, 1972 . (CARDWELL,
2004). ,

, , .
1972 . .
1. .
, , ,

.
:
(
);
;
;
.

19

(Combine Nomenclature) ,
, EC Regulation
1291/2000.

35

,
,
.
2.
,
. ,
55-65 .

, ,
.
3.
:
. ,
, .
, ,
, 1973 .,
.
. , , , ,
.
,
-
.
,
(RITSON HARVEY, 1997).
,
.
1975 ., , ,
, ,
.
, . 1975 .
, . ,
1990- . 55 % .
,
. ,
1985 . (
1988 .) , 5 %
(RITSON HARVEY, 1997).

1980- ,
.
, 1980- .

. , -

36

, , ,

(, ,
).

. ,
, ,
.. ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
(), ()
, ,
..
2000
,
, , ,
, ,
.
2000 :
,
, 2000-2006 .,
.
.
, ,
2000
.
,
, ,
, , .
,

,
, .
40 % ,
50 %. ,

45 % 55 %.
. 2000
,
,
( 9).

9:

37

:


:
( 55 )
, 15
, 10

:

:



:
,

25 .


15 . , 150 .

25-200
600
900
450
40-120
725
185

: DEFRA, 2003.

. 2000
, , , . ,
,
.
.
.
,
,
.
50 %
(Objective I regions) 40 % .
, (
) .
(Cross compliance).
,
.

, -
, . :

38

, , ,

,
,
.
, - ,
.
- (, , , )
,
. ,

,

2000. ,
,
.

( ),
.

(DEFRA, 2003).
(Modulation). 2000
, -
(Pillar I)

(Pillar II), , ,
.
, "Pillar I",
:
1. ( "
") - (
);
2. (
) , -
( ,
);
3. ,
, .

20 % ,
. , - ,
, , , , ,
"Pillar II", ,
"Pillar I".

,
. , , ,
, .

39

,
2000
. 2000 .
(
), .
2003 . 2 %
, 10 . .
, 2003 .,
, ,
, , ,
1 % (DEFRA, 2003).
3.7

. ,
1980- ,
1990- .
50 % 1996-2001 .
, ,
1962 .
(European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund, EAGGF). , 90 % , ,
,
.
.
(. 10) . 1991 .
18,3 % , 33 %
, 1999 .
4 % 14,1 %. ,
1991 . 1999 . 4,034 .
, 72 %, 4,507 . ,
45 .
10:

1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

, .

24,084
24,936
30,551
30,350
33,659
32,205
34,492
39,108
40,423
38,748
39,541

.
%
9,708
40,3 %
7,722
31,0 %
10,080
33,0 %
9,487
31,3 %
9,999
29,7 %
8,075
25,1 %
7,802
22,6 %
5,700
14,6 %
5,884
14,6 %
4,826
12,5 %
5,573
14,1 %

.
%
2,804
11,6 %
4,097
16,4 %
5,602
18,3 %
5,267
17,4 %
5,358
15,9 %
1,070
3,3 %
0,339
1,0 %
1,392
3,6 %
1,597
4,0 %
2,008
5,2 %
1,568
4,0 %

: The Agricultural Situation in the European Union, Annual Reports.

40

, , ,

2000
,
,
. ( "Pillar")
.
Pillar I. .
,
, ,
( , , ).
,
, . ,
Pillar I, EAGGF.
Pillar II. . ,
, .
, ,
, ,
.
, .
EAGGF,
EAGGF .
(. 11),
( 45 %
Pillar I 2001-2003 .), (18 %).
11: , 2001-2003 .
EAGGF
(,
)

,



,

,

Pillar I,
Pillar ,
,

2001 .

, .
2002 .
2003 .

17466,2

18590,1

16790,0

1497,1
2523,8
374,8
826,3
1558,0
1196,7
973,4
297,3
26713,5
1906,6
6054,0
1447,3
137,1
13,4
9558,4
1447,6
37719,5
4363,2
42083,3

1395,9
2329,3
388,3
816,4
1551,4
1348,7
963,2
303,0
27686,2
2360,0
7071,9
552,4
119,2
15,3
10118,8
1059,8
38864,8
4418,9
43214,3

1482,0
2341,0
389,0
908,0
1609,0
1381,0
973,0
303,0
26176,0
2672,0
8404,0
1805,0
203,5
14,5
13099,0
807,5
40082,5
4698,0
44780,5

: EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Financial Reports on 2001, 2002 and 2003 financial years.

41

,
.
, . ,
,
,
, .
,
.

, 2003 . 67 % .
, , ,
, ,
. (
),
, ,

.
,
(8,4 % EAGGF
2003 .), ,
, ,
, (2 % ).
:
-

16 % ;

40 % ;

100 % (
);

100 % (
).

,
" " (consumption aid).
, ,
,
, , .
,
, ,
.
, (Pillar II),
10 %
2001-2003 . (. 11).
, 11,
,
Pillar , , ,
.
25 % 75 % ,

 , , ,

42

. ,
, ,
"Pillar ", "Pillar ", ,
. ,

,
,
. ,
,
.
, , ( 1999 .)
40,92 . 2000 . 43,9 . 2003 .,
41,66 . 2006 (. 12).
12: 2000-2006 . (. )
. 1999 .

(% )

..:

2000 .
89590
1,13 %
89590

2001 .
91070
1,12 %
91070

2002 .
94130
1,13 %
98270

2003 .
94740
1,11 %
101450

2004 .
91720
1,05 %
100610

2005 .
89910
1,00 %
101350

2006 .
89310
0,97 %
103530

40920

42800

43900

43770

42760

41930

41660

36620
4300

38480
4320

39570
4330

39430
4340

38410
4350

37570
4360

37290
4370

: DEFRA, 2003.

- EAGGF
,
. (23 %)
,
. ,
,

.
4
4.1

" "

(),
2003 .:
( ).
20.
, ,
, ,

.
,
;
20

http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/capreform/index_de.htm.

43

. -
. , , , .

. , :
-

,
.

.
, ,
, . ,
- ,


.
. , . ( )
2004 .
4.2
- ,
, .
, ,
.
.
( )
- 25 %
, (63 /,

), , , 40 %
,
, .
, .
- ;
,
.
. .

44

, , ,

101,31 /,
50 %.
.
,
, 24 /,
.
19 /.
-
"
", 1
.
-
,
, - (
, ).
4.3
()
, .

;
.
, ,
.
,
.
,

, .
4.4

2003
. , , ,
( ) -
.
. ( ), ..
() .
1984 . .
, 31 2015 . 2006 .
( 0,5 % 3 ) 11 15 -
(-15 , , , ,
); 2005 .
120 000 .

45

, - .
, ,
, " ";

.

25 %, 2004 .: 7 % , 4 % 2007 .
. :
-

328,20 / 100 2003/2004 .,

305,23 / 100 2004/2005 .,

282,44 / 100 2005/2006 .,

259,52 / 100 2006/2007 .,

246,39 / 100 , 1 2007.

1 31 .
(
1 31 ),
() .
2004 . 70 000 , 2005 . 60 000 ,
2006 . 50 000 , 2007 . 40 000 2008 . 30 000 .
3 15 %: 2004 ., 2005 .
2006 . 5 %, . , :
-

205,52 / 100 2003/04 .,

195,24 / 100 2004/05 .,

184,97 / 100 2005/06 .,

174,69 / 100 , 1 2006.

109 000 1 31 .
, .
2004 2007 . -
( ) (
).
2- :
, ,
,
.
:
-

11,81 / 2004 .,

23,65 / 2005 .,

35,50 / 2006 .

46

, , ,

4.5


( ). 2003
/ ( ) .
2001
.
2003 ,

( ), " ".
,
. -

.

( ), ,

, .
- 100 % 40 %
. -
,
.
13: ( )

200 / .
80 / .
50 /.
150-180 / . ( )

: .

- 50 % ,
( 50 %
).
21 /. ( .. 16,8
, ),
7 , .
,
50 %
, .
- " ",
1 ; 6
: ,
, (
), ,
, .

47

4.6
, ,
.
.
, :
,
(
, )
.

.
, .

. ,
:
-

(
, ),
.
-, , ,
.
4.7 21
2005
. ,
,
. 1968
. ,
( 1993/94 631,9
523,7 ). ,
.
, ,
, C, 3.4.3. (+)
17,4 . 25 , 82 % 18 % .
46,72
, 32,42 . ,
: .
. :
.
419 329 .
( 2003
115 , 2002 87 ). T ,
21

, . , 2005 . <http://www.iet.ru/afe/apk/
july04.pdf>.

 , , ,

48

. , , 2003
223 ,
485 . ,
( , , )
.
,

.
,
(
, ). 2003
, 4 (
).
2005 ,
,
.
:
-

421 3 ;

27,4
;

,
;

14,6 . ;

2,4 . 0,4 .;

( 60 % ) ,
(
, );

, 350
.

,
.
36 %.
, ,
.
, 2006 , .
, .
,
. , .
64,2 % .
, , , ,
.
, .
.

49

.


, . -
, ,
.

ARTIS, M. J., LEE, N. (1997): The economics of the European Union, Second Edition, Oxford
University Press.
ASBY, C., RENWICK, A. (1999): Non-industrial set-aside, Economics of Cereal Production 1998/99.
Special Studies in Agricultural Economics, Report No. 48, University of Cambridge.
BOYLE, G. E. (1995): An applied computable equilibrium (ACE) model of the CAP cereal policy
reforms The case of Ireland, Economic and Social Review, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 89-106.
CARDWELL, M. (2004): The European model of agriculture, Oxford University Press.
CLARKE, J. (1992): Set-aside, British crop Protection Council Monograph 50, British Crop Protection
Council, Farnham, UK.
DEFRA (2001): Economic Evaluation of Set-Aside, Department for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs, University of Cambridge, July, <http://statistics.defra.gov.uk/esg/evaluation/setaside>.
DEFRA (2003): Economic evaluation of Agenda 2000, Agra CEAS Consulting, March 2003,
<http://statistics.defra.gov.uk/esg/evaluation/Agenda2000/>.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2002a): 31st Financial report on the European Agricultural Guidance and
Guarantee Fund, Guarantee Section 2001 Financial Year. COM (2002), Commission of the
European Communities, Brussels.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2002b): Report on milk quotas, Commission Working Document, SEC
(2002) 789 final, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, 10.07.2002.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2003): 32nd Financial statement concerning the European Agricultural
Guidance and Guarantee Fund EAGGF, Guarantee Section Financial Year 2002. COM (2003)
680 final, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, 12.11.2003.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2004): Directorate-general for agriculture and rural development of the
European Commission, <http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/index_en.htm>.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2004a): 33rd Financial report on the European Agricultural Guidance and
Guarantee Fund, Guarantee Section 2003 Financial Year. COM (2004) 715 final, Commission of
the European Communities, Brussels, 27.10.2004.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2004b): A description of the common organisation of the market in sugar,
<<http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/markets/sugar/reports/descri_en.pdf>.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2005): Directorate-General for agriculture and rural development of the
European Commission, <http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/index_en.htm>.
FENNELL, R. (1997): The common agricultural policy Continuity and change, Clarendon Press,
Oxford, U.K.
FIRBANK, L. (1998): Agronomic and environmental evaluation of set-aside under the EC Arable Area
Payments Scheme. Vol. 1: Overview. Report to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food by

50

, , ,

Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology), ADAS, British Trust for
Ornithology, May 1998.
GOPINATH, M., MULLEN, K., GULATI, A. (2004): Domestic support to agriculture in the European Union
and the United States: Policy development since 1996, International Food Policy Research
Institute, MTID Discussion Paper No. 75, 107 pp.
(2005):
: ,
, , , 19 .,
<http://ier.org.ua/papers_ur/u2_ur.pdf>.
RITSON C., HARVEY, D. R. (1997): The Common Agricultural Policy, CAB International.
, E. (2004): , , <http://www.iet.ru/
afe/apk/july04.pdf>.
TATTERSALL, F. H., FAGIANO, A. L., BEMBRIDGE, J. D., EDWARDS, P., MACDONALD, D. W.,
HART, B. J. (1999): Does the method of set-aside establishment affect its use by wood mice?,
Journal of Zoology, Vol. 249, No. 4, pp. 472-476.
UK FOOD GROUP (2002): The Common Agricultural Policy: How the CAP operates, the key
commodities, competitors and markets for the European Union, UK Food Group, The Institute for
European Environmental Policy, <http://www.ukfg.org.uk/docs/CAPBB2.pdf>.
USDA (1999): The European Unions Common Agricultural Policy: Pressures for change, Economic
Research Service, <http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/erssor/international/wrs-bb/1999/europe/
wrs99-2.pdf>.
ZOBBE, H. (2001): The Economic and historical foundation of the Common Agricultural Policy in
Europe, Paper presented at Fourth European Historical Economics Society Conference, September,
Merton College, Oxford, U.K.
ZORYA, S., VON CRAMON-TAUBADEL, S. (2003): S. VON CRAMON-TAUBADEL: The main driving
forces in Ukraine's future agriculture and trade development, OECD Agricultural Outlook 20032008, Paris 2003.

DISCUSSION PAPERS
DES LEIBNIZ-INSTITUTS FR AGRARENTWICKLUNG
IN MITTEL- UND OSTEUROPA (IAMO)
DISCUSSION PAPERS
OF THE LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE (IAMO)
No. 1

FROHBERG, K., HARTMANN, M. (1997):

Promoting CEA agricultural exports through association agreements with the EU
Why is it not working?

No. 2

FROHBERG, K., HARTMANN, M. (1997):

Comparing measures of competitiveness: Examples for agriculture in the Central
European Associates

No. 3

POGANIETZ, W. R., GLAUCH, L. (1997):

Migration durch EU-Integration? Folgen fr den lndlichen Raum

No. 4

WEINGARTEN, P. (1997):
Agri-environmental policy in Germany Soil and water conversation

No. 5

KOPSIDIS, M. (1997):
Marktintegration und landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung: Lehren aus der Wirtschaftsgeschichte und Entwicklungskonomie fr den russischen Getreidemarkt im Transformationsproze

No. 6

PIENIADZ, A. (1997):
Der Transformationsproze in der polnischen Ernhrungsindustrie von 1989 bis 1995

No. 7

POGANIETZ, W. R. (1997):
Vermindern Transferzahlungen den Konflikt zwischen Gewinnern und Verlierern in
einer sich transformierenden Volkswirtschaft?

No. 8

EPSTEIN, D. B., SIEMER, J. (1998):

Difficulties in the privatization and reorganization of the agricultural enterprises in
Russia

No. 9

GIRGZDIENE, V., HARTMANN, M., KUODYS, A., RUDOLPH, D., VAIKUTIS, V., WANDEL, J.
(1998):
Restructuring the Lithuanian food industry: Problems and perspectives

No. 10 JASJKO, D., HARTMANN, M., KOPSIDIS, M., MIGLAVS, A., WANDEL, J. (1998):
Restructuring the Latvian food industry: Problems and perspectives
No. 11 SCHULZE, E., NETZBAND, C. (1998):
Ergebnisse eines Vergleichs von Rechtsformen landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen in
Mittel- und Osteuropa

No. 12 BERGSCHMIDT, A., HARTMANN, M. (1998):

Agricultural trade policies and trade relations in transition economies
No. 13 ELSNER, K., HARTMANN, M. (1998):
Convergence of food consumption patterns between Eastern and Western Europe
No. 14 FOCK, A., VON LEDEBUR, O. (1998):
Struktur und Potentiale des Agrarauenhandels Mittel- und Osteuropas
No. 15 ADLER, J. (1998):
Analyse der konomischen Situation von Milchproduktionsunternehmen im Oblast
Burgas, Bulgarien
No. 16 PIENIADZ, A., RUDOLPH, D. W., WANDEL, J. (1998):
Analyse der Wettbewerbsprozesse in der polnischen Fleischindustrie seit
Transformationsbeginn
No. 17 SHVYTOV, I. (1998):
Agriculturally induced environmental problems in Russia
No. 18 SCHULZE, E., TILLACK, P., DOLUD, O., BUKIN, S. (1999):
Eigentumsverhltnisse landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe und Unternehmen in Ruland
und in der Ukraine Befragungsergebnisse aus den Regionen Nowosibirsk und
Shitomir
No. 19 PANAYOTOVA, M., ADLER, J. (1999):
Development and future perspectives for Bulgarian raw milk production towards EU
quality standards
No. 20 WILDERMUTH, A. (1999):
What kind of crop insurance for Russia?
No. 21 GIRGZDIENE, V., HARTMANN, M., KUODYS, A., VAIKUTIS, V., WANDEL, J. (1999):
Industrial organisation of the food industry in Lithuania: Results of an expert survey in
the dairy and sugar branch
No. 22 JASJKO, D., HARTMANN, M., MIGLAVS, A., WANDEL, J. (1999):
Industrial organisation of the food industry in Latvia: Results of an expert survey in the
dairy and milling branches
No. 23 ELSNER, K. (1999):
Analysing Russian food expenditure using micro-data
No. 24 PETRICK, M., DITGES, C. M. (2000):
Risk in agriculture as impediment to rural lending The case of North-western
Kazakhstan
No. 25 POGANIETZ, W. R. (2000):
Russian agri-food sector: 16 months after the breakdown of the monetary system

No. 26 WEBER, G., WAHL, O., MEINLSCHMIDT, E. (2000):

Auswirkungen einer EU-Osterweiterung im Bereich der Agrarpolitik auf den
EU-Haushalt
(steht nicht mehr zur Verfgung aktualisierte Version DP 42)
No. 27 WAHL, O., WEBER, G., FROHBERG, K. (2000):
Documentation of the Central and Eastern European Countries Agricultural Simulation
Model (CEEC-ASIM Version 1.0)
No. 28 PETRICK, M. (2000):
Land reform in Moldova: How viable are emerging peasant farms? An assessment
referring to a recent World Bank study
No. 29 WEINGARTEN, P. (2000):
Buchbesprechung: BECKMANN, V. (2000): Transaktionskosten und institutionelle Wahl
in der Landwirtschaft: Zwischen Markt, Hierarchie und Kooperation
No. 30 BROSIG, S. (2000):
A model of household type specific food demand behaviour in Hungary
No. 31 UVAROVSKY, V., VOIGT, P. (2000):
Russias agriculture: Eight years in transition Convergence or divergence of
regional efficiency
No. 32 SCHULZE, E., TILLACK, P., GERASIN, S. (2001):
Eigentumsverhltnisse, Rentabilitt und Schulden landwirtschaftlicher Grobetriebe im
Gebiet Wolgograd
No. 33 KIELYTE, J. (2001):
Strukturwandel im baltischen Lebensmittelhandel
No. 34 , ., , ., , . (2001):
,

No. 35 FROHBERG, K., HARTMANN, M. (2002):
Konsequenzen der Integration im Agrar- und Ernhrungssektor zwischen Beitrittslndern und EU-15
No. 36 PETRICK, M. (2001):
Documentation of the Poland farm survey 2000
No. 37 PETRICK, M., SPYCHALSKI, G., WITYK, M., TYRAN, E. (2001):
Polands agriculture: Serious competitor or Europes poorhouse? Survey results on
farm performance in selected Polish voivodships and a comparison with German farms
No. 38 HOCKMANN, H., KASHTANOVA, E., KOWSCHIK, S. (2002):
Lage und Entwicklungsprobleme der weirussischen Fleischwirtschaft

No. 39 SCHULZE, E., TILLACK, P., PATLASSOV, O. (2002):

Einflussfaktoren auf Gewinn und Rentabilitt landwirtschaftlicher Grobetriebe im
Gebiet Omsk, Russland
No. 40 , ., , ., , . (2002):
,

No. 41 BAVOROV, M. (2002):
Entwicklung des tschechischen Zuckersektors seit 1989
No. 42 FROHBERG, K., WEBER, G. (2002):
Auswirkungen der EU-Osterweiterung im Agrarbereich
No. 43 PETRICK, M. (2002):
Farm investment, credit rationing, and public credit policy in Poland
A microeconometric analysis
No. 44 KEDAITIENE, A., HOCKMANN, H. (2002):
Milk and milk processing industry in Lithuania: An analysis of horizontal and vertical
integration
No. 45 PETRICK, M. (2003):
Empirical measurement of credit rationing in agriculture: A methodological survey
No. 46 PETRICK, M., LATRUFFE, L. (2003):
Credit access and borrowing costs in Polands agricultural credit market: A hedonic
pricing approach
No. 47 PETRICK, M., BALMANN, A., LISSITSA, A. (2003):
Beitrge des Doktorandenworkshops zur Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa
2003
No. 48 SCHULZE, E., TILLACK, P., MOSASHWILI, N. (2003):
Zur wirtschaftlichen Situation georgischer Landwirtschaftsbetriebe
No. 49 , ., , . (2003):

c
No. 50 , ., , . (2003):
A (DEA)

No. 51 , ., , ., , . (2003):
10

No. 52 LISSITSA, A., STANGE, H. (2003):
Russischer Agrarsektor im Aufschwung? Eine Analyse der technischen und SkalenEffizienz der Agrarunternehmen

No. 53 VALENTINOV, V. (2003):

Social capital, transition in agriculture, and economic organisation: A theoretical
perspective
No. 54 BORKOWSKI, A. (2003):
Machtverteilung im Ministerrat nach dem Vertrag von Nizza und den
Konventsvorschlgen in einer erweiterten Europischen Union
No. 55 KISS, P., WEINGARTEN, P. (2003):
Cost of compliance with the acquis communautaire in the Hungarian dairy sector
No. 56 WEINGARTEN, P., FROHBERG, K., WINTER, E., SCHREIBER, C. (2003):
Quantitative analysis of the impacts of Croatias agricultural trade policy on the
agri-food sector
No. 57 , ., , . (2004):

No. 58 DERLITZKI, R., SCHULZE, E. (2004):
Georg Max Ludwig Derlitzki (1889-1958)
No. 59 VNEKI, E. (2004):
Zur Bewertung des Ungarischen SAPARD-Programms unter besonderer
Bercksichtigung der Investitionen im Milchsektor
No. 60 , ., , . (2004):

No. 61 BAUM, S., WEINGARTEN, P. (2004):
Interregionale Disparitten und Entwicklung lndlicher Rume als regionalpolitische
Herausforderung fr die neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten
No. 62 PETRICK, M. (2004):
Can econometric analysis make (agricultural) economics a hard science? Critical
remarks and implications for economic methodology
No. 63 SAUER, J. (2004):
Rural water suppliers and efficiency Empirical evidence from East and West
Germany
No. 64 PETRICK, M., BALMANN, A. (2004):
Beitrge des 2. Doktorandenworkshops zur Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und
Osteuropa 2004
No. 65 BOJNEC, S., HARTMANN, M. (2004):
Agricultural and food trade in Central and Eastern Europe: The case of Slovenian
intra-industry trade
No. 66 GLITSCH, K., EERITS, A. (2004):
Der slowakische Markt fr Milch und Milchprodukte Vom Beginn der
Transformation bis zum EU-Beitritt

No. 67 FISCHER, C. (2004):

Assessing Kosovos horticultural potential The market for fruit and vegetables on
the balkans
No. 68 PETRICK, M., SCHREIBER, C., WEINGARTEN, P. (2004):
Competitiveness of milk and wine production and processing in Albania
No. 69 , ., , . (2004):
?!

No. 70 SAUER, J. (2004):
Die konomie der (Lndlichen) Wasserversorgung
No. 71 HAPPE, K., BALMANN, A., KELLERMANN, K. (2004):
The Agricultural Policy Simulator (Agripolis) An agent-based model to study
structural change in agriculture (Version 1.0)
No. 72 BAUM, S., TRAPP, CH., WEINGARTEN, P. (2004):
Typology of rural areas in the Central and Eastern European EU new Member States
No. 73 PETRICK, M. (2004):
Governing structural change and externalities in agriculture: Toward a normative
institutional economics of rural development
No. 74 RODIONOVA, O., SCHULZE, E., UERKOV, E., KARPOVA, G. (2004):
Zur Besteuerung von Agrarholdings in Russland
No. 75 HEIDELBACH, O., BOKUSHEVA, R., KUSSAYINOV, T. (2004):
Which type of crop insurance for Kazakhstan? Empirical results
No. 76 BOKUSHEVA, R. (2004):
Crop insurance in transition: A qualitative and quantitative assessment of insurance
products
No. 77 RAMANOVICH, M., LAJTOS, I. (2004):
Milchproduktion und -verarbeitung in Weirussland: Eine Analyse der Wettbewerbsfhigkeit
No. 78 LUKA, O., LEVKOVYCH, I. (2004):
Intra-industry trade in agricultural and food products: The case of Ukraine
No. 79 EINAX, CH., LISSITSA, A., PARKHOMENKO, S. (2005):
Getreideproduktion in der Ukraine Eine komparative Analyse von Produktionskosten
No. 80 , ., , . (2005):
-a a -

No. 81 ROTHE, A., LISSITSA, A. (2005):
Der ostdeutsche Agrarsektor im Transformationsprozess Ausgangssituation,
Entwicklung und Problembereich

No. 82 , A., , . (2005):

,
No. 83 CURTISS, J., PETRICK, M., BALMANN, A. (2005):
Beitrge des 3. Doktorandenworkshops zur Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa 2005
No. 84 SVETLOV, N., HOCKMANN, H. (2005):
Technical and economic efficiency of Russian corporate farms: The case of the
Moscow region
No. 85 , ., , ., , . (2005):
a
No. 86 MELNYCHUK, V., PARKHOMENKO, S., LISSITSA, A. (2005):
Creation of agricultural land market in Ukraine: Current state of development
No. 87 ROTHE, A., LISSITSA, A. (2005):
Zur Wettbewerbsfhigkeit der ostdeutschen Landwirtschaft Eine Effizienzanalyse
landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen Sachsen-Anhalts und der Tschechischen Republik
No. 88 BROSIG, S., YAHSHILIKOV, Y. (2005):
Interregional integration of wheat markets in Kazakhstan
No. 89 GRAMZOW, A. (2005):
Experience with Endogenous Rural Development Initiatives and the Prospects for
Leader+ in the Region "Dolina Strugu", Poland
No. 90 GRAMZOW, A. (2006):
Local partnership as an incubator for rural development: The case of Dbrzno,
North-western Poland
No. 91 , ., , . (2006):

No. 92 , A., , O., , ., , . (2006):

Die Discussion Papers sind erhltlich beim Institut fr Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa (IAMO) oder im Internet unter http://www.iamo.de.
The Discussion Papers can be ordered from the Institute of Agricultural Development in Central
and Eastern Europe (IAMO). Use our download facility at http://www.iamo.de.