Relational Database

Relational database consists of a collection of tables, each of which is assigned a unique name. The relational model is based on the mathematical concept of a relation, which is physically represented as a table.

Relation
A relation is a table with columns and rows.

Attribute
An attribute is a named column of a relation.

Domain
A domain is the set of allowable values for one or more attributes.

Tuple
A tuple is a row of a relation.

Degree
The degree of a relation is the number of attribute it contains.

Cardinality
The cardinality of a relation is the number of tuple it contains.

Super Key
A super key is a set of one or more attributes that, taken collectively, allow us to identify uniquely a tuple in the relation.

Candidate Key
A super key such that no proper subset is a super key within the relation.

Primary Key
The candidate key that is selected to identify tuples uniquely within the relation.

Foreign Key
An attribute, or set of attributes, within one relation that matches the candidate key of some relation.

Advantages of DBMS/ Why we need DBMS?

Control

of data redundancy Data Consistency More information from the same amount of data. Sharing of data Improved data integrity

 Improved

security Enforcement of standards Economy of scale Balance of conflicting requirements Improved data accessibility and responsiveness Improved maintenance through data independence Improve backup & recovery services.

Disadvantages of DBMS
Complexity Size Cost

of DBMS Additional hardware costs Cost of conversion Higher impact of failure