,

2002
1

 28.08873
56
502.4 (07)
..
: - (
). : , 2002.
328 . -.
- .
, , ,
- ,
. .
- 50 . .
,

, ,
.
:
:

. , . ..

. , . ..
. , . ..

-
24 2001 . . 4.
, .

. . ..
..
ISBN 966-7400-21-7

28.08873

,
,

(. ..., 1997-2001) .
,
, . ,
... (1998) : , . .
- (),
, . , , .
-
,
.
,
, , . ,
,
.
, .
, 1993 1997 10% (The Danish Nature..., 1999).

(, , ),
(
) (Working
together with Nature..., 1999-2000). , WWF
3

 European Freshwater Programme 11 (!) (Zkler, 2000), (Morava...,1999).

, ,
,
.
, .
(- , ).
. , , ,
( , , , ).
- . , 1983
( 22400200 2 ) 100 . 2
(, 1983), 0,45% .
.
(100 . 2) , 16-17%
, 15-20 ,
.
. 2002
: 17 , 4 , 13 , 2
(
), 17 7 , 19
, 132 , 283 , 88 , 759 , 38 . , , , - .
, ,
.
, , , ( IUCN).
, ,
, ,
.

 .
, , SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,
, . ,
, , , ,
. . , , , ,
,
. , , 1999 6-
,
,
. . ,

( ., 2000):
1) 1.
,

, -

,
- -
-
,
-

.1.

;
2) ()
,
, ,
;
3)
, , .
. 1 ( .,
2000).
, 7

 .

, ,
,

. (.1). , :
(Conservation of Biodiversity)
(Landscape Conservation) ,
, , - ().
, , ,
-
,
. ,
. , ,

, .
, ,

.
, :
1. , .
2.
- ().
3.
.
4. .
5. , - (, ,
).
6. .
7. , .

.2.


8

.2.

.
(, -, , ),
. , ,
,
().
, ,
, . , : , ,
, , . , . , , . (.3).
,
. . () - , (.982-983, 1054 ), ,
9

, ,

" ", " XI .

" "
1529 .
II
" "
1557 .
"" " " 1113-1125 .
" "
1146-1148 .

" "
- " "
" "
"
" "
" "

1886
1895
1921
1927
1884
1888

.
.
.
.
.
.

--

, , -
,
15
.

.3.

.

3 ( ),
12 . .
. , , ( ) 3,5 .
- .
.
10

 ,
12 , ,
, .

1529 ( .1467 .
1548 ). (
, , , !) , ( ),
. , , ,
( !). ,
- 12 . .
1588
, . .
, ,
1999 ,
600 .

, .
.

I 1423 , I
(. 1520 . 1572 ) 1557 . ,
, ,
.
, 1 1
.
,
1597 , , .
- , (1053-1125 .) (1113-1125 .)
.
, (
) 12 . ,
1146-1148(?) , , ,
.
11

 .

, ,
(17 ), , ,
.
,
. , , ,
, , , .
, , 13
, , , , 16 , 19 . ,
, .
, , , ,
.
,
-. 1869 ,
,
. (1868 )
.
1886
(22 ), ,
, - .
. -, 1895
,
-,
.
1884-1900
, , , 1916 .
.
, , 1910 , .
, ,
. , 1870
(, 1996).

12

 , , , 150,
.

. 19
. 1884 , , ,
.
(). 1910 3 ( ). , -,
1888 ,
, - ,
. (), .
1917
, . ,
35 . , . , . () . . . ,
, , .
20-
. 300 , (1927 ),
(1928 ),
.
. , ,
. ,
.
, . , ,
.
,
, . , 1921
.
-, ( ). , , , .
1922 8 ,
, , 1964
13

 -
. , -
,
, , ,
2/3
(, , 1985).
30-
(1933 ), . - ,
(, 1996). ,
, , .
30- , , . 1938 ,
. 1940 ,
. . , , 14%.

. , 1914 .
.
80 . ? , 1980- , , .
( )
.
. ,
: .., ., .., .., .,
.. , .., .., .. ,
, , , ,
.
.. (2001).
..
(1997 .1 2).

14


- ,

15


,
.

. 40 - , . (. 2).
1992
( ) -
, , , ,
.

(1991 ).
,
. , , : , ,
-
.
,

,
,
,
, ,
.
(
) (1994
) (1995 ). , , ,
.
...
, , , .
(
1992 , 2001 . 211212 15 2001 ), 16

17
-

() ,
,

,
-
-

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

9.

7.
8.

10.

2000-2015

6.

5.

1.
2.
3.
4.

8.02.1999 166

3.04.1995 239

15.11.1994 772

1.06.1993 399

8.09.1993 362

22.09.1994

29.10.92

25.10.2001
13.12.2001

21.09.2000

5.03.1998

25.06.1991
16.06.1992
21.01.1994
6.06.1995

2.

. , ,
: , , . 7
- , ,
. ,
, , , , ,
.

, - . , . ,
.
- ? : ..
, , ,

, ,

. -
.. (
, 1999): ... ,
.
( ) , protected
area ( ).
,
. ,
: , ,
, , ,
.
IV (, , 1992 ). : / ,
, -
.
18

 :









(IUCN)
, :
Ia ;
Ib ;
II ;
III ;
IV /
;
V ;
VI .
Ia. (Strict Nature
Reserve): .
: / ,
, / ,
, , / .
Ib: (Wilderness Area): , .
: /
, ,
, .
II: (National Park):
,
. : / ,

, , ,
, , , ; .
III: (Natural Monument): 19

 ,
. : , /
, ,
.
IV: /
(Habitat/Species Management Area Nature conservation reserve):
,
. : / ,
.
V: / (Protected
Landscape/Seascape): , / .
: , ,

,
.
VI: (Managed Resource Protected Area): ,
. : , ,
,
.
-
, .
, WCMC (UA).
,
, WCMC, , .

.
. , V I IV;
II. Ia Ib.
. ,
,
.
I-III ,
.
,
20

 .

.
. , ,
.
.

( (65) 6 (73) 4)
. , , ,
.

. 5
. ,
, ,
. 57
20
(). : (),
, (),
(), (),
(), -
, (), (),
()
.
. ,
. :
(;

();

();
().
22.09.1994
,
21

 ,
, 6100
1412,8 . (2,34 ).
1985
4.
80- XX ( , , 1985)

, %





20,0
0,67
14,0
0,20
15,0
5,70
15,0
10,43
16,8
8,00
12,0
1,20
11,8
6,80
10,0
0,56
7,5
?
7,5
4,38
7,5
0,70
4,63
1,01
1,45
0,63

1981
1975
1983
1984
1981
1975
1975
1982
1982
1984
1982
1983
1982

(. 3). , (. 4). , , 20%. , , 39159,3 , . ,
,
. 2001
( 6100 ).
300
, 150 , ,
. -
, , ,
,
22

23

-' - :

' :

'
20
16
4
11
2556
283
3028
132
22
17
12
7
35
19
529
88
38
759
6721

386212,6
163743,1
222469,5
599804,4
1047922,9
344895,7
24465,4
5729,3
2021,2
1929,6
432,1
119,6
1466,9
1339,0
13695,6
5987,0
489779,3
84108,1
2504572,2

0,7
0,3
0,4
1,0
1,7
0,6
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,8
0,2
4,2

,
220 .
10 1994 N 79,
700
3. 2002 .

 , .
, ,
(4,1 % ), ,
15 5-7,
11-12 (. 4). 1996
10%,
1000 (. 5).

-
3 . , , ,
, , , .
,
, , - .
, . .
, - ,

,
, ,
,
.
(biosphere reserves) , - ,
, ,
.
.
1974 ,
5 ,
35.
.
28-
, 28 -16 1996 ( 2.4 - .
, 1997).
. , 47 23
( . .
, 1997, .115-126).
(Udvardy)
24

 5. 1996
( WCMC, 1000 )

, 2

7682300
892
83855
170
86600
12
28750
11
2381745
19
1246700
6
14266827
19
442
2
2777815
86
652225
6
13865
10
144000
8
22965
14
30520
3
112620
2
322465
12
207600
10
110910
46
1098575
25
51129
5
575000
9
8511965
273
5765
10
274122
12
27835
3
46620
9
329565
59
244880
191
912045
100
29800
4
267665
6
27750
3

25

%
,
93545457
12,18
2005475
23,92
190860
2,20
34000
1,18
11919288
5,00
2641200
2,12
242535
0,02
6128
13,86
4373054
1,57
218438
0,33
124364
8,97
96790
0,67
323121
14,07
77138
2,53
777500
6,90
1992850
6,18
242488
1,17
369890
3,34
9233019
8,40
25059
0,49
10663280
18,54
32189837
3,78
115133
19,97
2661900
9,71
88865
3,19
966100
20,72
1329788
4,03
5127966
20,94
26322306
28,86
213900
7,18
1045000
3,90
9700
0,35


, 2

214970
1

10690
5

238305
9

108890
17

245855
3

112085
44

2186000
2

131985
24

69700
15

43075
113

23000
1

751
1

48440
17

461475
15

45100
39

1104300
23

1000250
12

2345410
8

752615
21

390310
25

20770
15

3166830
374

1919445
175

1648000
68

68895
12

102820
22

504880
215

301245
172

96000
10

2717300
9

475500
14

181035
20

9922385
640

26

%
,
58559
0,27
22940
2,15
1103620
4,63
832966
7,65
163500
0,67
862783
7,70
98250000
44,95
223053
1,69
186886
2,68
1388750
32,24
10000
0,43
6872
9,15
1048284
21,64
11113893
24,08
440151
9,76
6022600
5,45
793200
0,79
9916625
4,23
6363638
8,46
3067823
7,86
307835
14,82
14350738
4,53
18565292
9,67
8299566
5,04
46831
0,68
915924
8,91
4245630
8,41
2274825
7,55
290300
3,02
891472
0,33
2050425
4,31
2997750
16,56
82545492
8,32

%
, 2
,
11435
1
1619
0,14
582645
36
3503756
6,01
198500
5
284068
1,43
9597000
463
58066563
6,05
9250
4
75337
8,14
684
3
26630
38,93
1138915
79
9358011
8,22
342000
10
1177394
3,44
98445
28
693798
7,05
122310
2
57890
0,47
50900
29
638564
12,55
114525
53
892757
7,80
24280
2
27000
1,11
236800
17
2440000
10,30
63700
45
774724
12,16
30345
1
6805
0,22
65200
76
634719
9,73
111370
1
129230
1,16
10400
1
3500
0,34
1759540
6
173000
0,10
160
1
6000
37,50
2585
1
36000
13,93
1865
3
4023
2,16
1030700
4
1746000
1,69
594180
37
1115299
1,88
25713
16
216518
8,42
94080
9
1058500
11,25
332965
54
1484835
4,46
1240140
11
4011989
3,24
477
4
1541
3,23
458730
10
362120
0,79
1972545
65
9728732
4,93
784755
1
2000
0,00

27

()

%

, 2 ,

33700
2
6200
0,18
1565000
15
6167840
3,94
678030
2
173271
0,26
824295
12
10217777
12,40
141415
12
1108500
7,84
1186410
5
8416240
7,09
923850
19
2971269
3,22
41160
79
388541
9,44
148000
59
903450
6,10
356840
504
9195702
25,77
265150
206
6147794
23,19
323895
114
5536512
17,09
271950
29
3736250
13,74
803940
55
3720939
4,63
492
1
1200
2,44
78515
15
1326332
16,89
462840
5
82016
0,18
406750
19
1483006
3,65
1285215
22
4176190
3,25
1184825
237
6928258
5,85
312685
111
3063553
9,80
92390
25
582620
6,31
17075400
199
65536759
3,84
26330
2
327000
12,42
237500
39
1084905
4,57
21395
2
5222
0,24
2840
3
10072
3,55
2400900
10
6201400
2,58
17365
4
45920
2,64
404
3
37893
93,79
196720
10
2180709
11,09
389

28

8284

21,30


-
-

%
, 2
,
261
1
2610
10,00
619
1
1494
2,41
72325
2
82013
1,13
616
1
2796
4,54
49012
40
1015509
20,72
20251
10
108087
5,34
630000
1
180000
0,29
2505815
16
9382500
3,74
163820
13
735970
4,49
9372614
1494 104238016
11,12
143100
3
85700
0,60
514000
111
7020276
13,66
36960
14
426597
11,54
939760
30
13889975
14,78
56785
11
646906
11,39
5130
6
15728
3,07
164150
7
44867
0,27
779450
44
819441
1,05
488100
8
1111637
2,28
236580
31
1908746
8,07
93030
53
574014
6,17
447400
10
244189
0,55
603700
20
522367
0,87
186925
8
32086
0,17
18330
5
18922
1,03
300000
27
605927
2,02
337030
82
2728645
8,10
543965
110
5601486
10,30
56538
29
385344
6,82
624975

13

6106000

9,77

1284000
78864

9
34

11494000
1066808

8,95
13,53

29

%
, 2
,
751625
66
13725125
18,26
41285
109
730707
17,70
440940
214
2989045
6,78
65610
56
795953
12,13
102173
21
346966
3,40
11425
1
1520
0,13
369700
80
2758226
7,46
148208846
9869 931787396
6,29

. 8 , 193 , 360 , . 1995

325 82 (, 1999). 6 .
() , ,
-, - , ,
,
, , -, ,
. .
,
.
() ,
, .
,
,
,
( ..., 2002).
.
,
.
(), 30

. .
,
, , , .
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, ,
, , ,
.
- .
,
- , ,
, ,
.
- .
-

, , ,
.


, ,
.
.
,
, - ,

,
.
, . ,
(. 6).
- , 31

 6. ( 1999 )

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

( , ()
'
, )
1.

8000
-
16480

7213

20000
2.

.
3000

15000

46680

31600

34000

27000
-

40000

40000
3.
-
-
30

50

30

50

25
4.

20

15

10

15
:
732191

. , :
, , ;
,
.

32

, , :
, ;
;
, ;
;
2000
;
;
;
, , ;
, .
, ,
( ).
,
( ,
).
() ,
. ,
. .
(
) , .
,
, .

-
.
. ( 1945
10% ), . . 10 .
, .
.
33

 , .
. , -.
1879 , (1883
) ,
(1897 ) ,
(, ).
,
.
1935 . ,
. 1961
. . ,
1961 , 1982 ,
1976 (2 19 )
. 53 ,
, .
, ,
.
, , .
1997 (Act LIV of 1996 on the
Forests and the Protection of Forests),
,
. ,
,
.

.
500 . 1000 . ,
. , PEFC (Pan-European Forest Certification).
.
,
1991
(forest reserves), 1995 71
. . 20% . , 60% 34

, .
60%
. . 1,8 . .
1992-2000 . 0,5% . 3
, .

, . 7. ,
(. 8).
1994- 1995 . , 20-25 ,
. , . 1 9
,
( 2000 ), ( 2005 )
( 2020 ). , , , , . 2 6 ,
. , - , , , ,
, - , .
. . 9 , .
1994 .
, , .
. , , , .

CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). 200-300 .
.
35

 7.
-

1988

1988

65

1990

83

1992

48

1993

52

1993

114 1993

51

1994

55

1994

53

1995

57

1995

61

1995

81

1995

10

1996

21

1996

53

1996

54

1996

55

1996

41

1997

27

1998

28

1998

. ,
, , . 36

. , , , ,
, .
. , , ,
. , ,
, . , , 12 , . ,
. .
. 3,9% 9,3%, . ,
50% , . 10 -

.4. 10 ( /)

37

 8.

1995


1997-2002
H:
-
1999
()
(. 4).
, .
-, - . , , . .
. , . ,
50-100 .
, . .
, :
, , .
, , .

,
.
(CDD) ( ) , . .
(FCCC).
, . Agro-21,
.

38

 9.

,
-

(Convention on Wetlands of
1971, 1975
International Importance Especially
as Waterfowl Habitat)

1979

(Convention
Concerning the Protection of the
World Cultural and Natural
Heritage) - UNESCO

1985

(Convention
on the Conservation of Migratory
Species of Wild Animals) - CMS
* (Agreement
on the Conservation of Bats in
Europe)

1972, 1975

1979, 1983

1983

1991, 1994

1994

*
(Agreement on the Conservation of
African-Eurasian Migratory
Waterbirds)

1995, 1999

(Convention
on the Conservation of European
Wildlife and Natural Habitats)

1979, 1982

1990

-1992, 1993

1994

(Convention on International Trade 1973, 1975
in Endangered Species of Wild

Fauna and Flora) - CITES

1985

(Convention on Biological
Diversity) - CBD

.
, , .
1995 , 39

 . 9 .

(Convention on Longrange Transboundary Air Pollution)

1979,
1983

1983

(Vienna Convention for

the Protection of the Ozone Layer)

1985,
1988

1988

1992,
1994

1994

1 (Convention on the
Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of
Wastes and Other Matter) - MARPOL

1972,
1975

1976

(International
Convention on the Prevention of Pollution
from Ships)

1973,
1983

1983

1992, -

(Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and sustainable

Use of the Danube River)

1994, -

(Basel Convention on
the Control of Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal)

1989,
1992

1992

(Convention on
Environmental Impact Assessment in the
Transboundary Context)

1991, -

2 (Convention on the

Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents)

1992, -

(The Energy Charter

Treat)

1994, -

- (United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change)

1 (Convention on the
Protection and Use of Transboundary
Watercourses and International Lakes)

1995 .
, , , (,
, ). 2002 65% 1995 .
.
40

 .
15 .
2000 .
.
,
.
. , , .
.
90% . 97% .
.
, . 1994 53%
43%
. 54%
, 33%.
1968
.
.
.

, ,
.
, .
, , (CSD).
, ,
.

, : - , , . ( ), , ,
(. 10).
: 41

 , 10.
-

,

,

, .
A lg ae
6 ,0 0 0
,
F
u
n
g
i
1
0
,0 0 0
, L ich en es
700
- B ry o p h y ta
600
,
60
. P te ry d o p h y ta
8
G y m n o sp e rm a e
A n g io sp e rm a e
2 ,3 0 0
(. 11). P o rifera
7

8
- C n id aria
400
1971 . - P la ty h e lm in th e s
(Adonis volgen- N e m e rth elm in th e s
2
sis). 1974 1977
A sc h e lm in th e s
750
13
1
96 K a m p to zo a
, 18 A n n elid a
130
, 15 M o llu sca
220
48 .
T a rd ig rad a
100
1982
B
ry
o
z
o
a
7
, , 156 A rth ro p o d a
3 7 ,0 0 0
, 154 M y ria p o d a
157
. , C h e lice rata
1 ,7 0 0
, C ru sta ce a
380

, H exapoda
3 5 ,0 0 0
, - V e rte b rata
560
P isc es
81
.
A m p h ib ia
16
R e p tilia
15
: 1) A v es
373

M am m a lia
83
, 2)
, 3) , 42

1600000
45500
1130
513
376

148

93

I.
6.
7.
8.
II.

9.
10.
11.
12.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(2+6)

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5
7
7
1
83
4100
20
13
21
40
9
373
8700
83
3
1
15
6300
4
1
16
3000
1
2
81
22900
2
560
45000
18
33
48
11
110
380
25000
1
I7
202
106452
18
35
41
145
51
272 35000 1000000
35
42
162
51
290 42000 1205000
53
75
210
62
400 42500 1250000
35
40
114
384
2343
311360
573
2
8
640
2
1
1
13
20
60
13000
35
4
32
39
45
600
25000
120
3000
350000
40
73
166
451
730

11.
( Rakonczay Z. (ed): Red Data Book
-.Budapest, 1989). .

. . , .

(. 12). , 1975 24
. (0,2%) , 1987 5%, 1990
7% ( 600 . ). 2000 10% (
800 . ). , 11 1996 - (Danube-Drava NP),
17 1997 (Tihany )
43

44

300
600000
2000
2800
560000
200
22
1800
1990

40000

620
510000
822
3600
484000
135
38
687
1985

26000

60
12888
215
155
10585
68
12
147
1970

1703

48
9360
195
129
7741
60
12
135
1960

1619

13
2844
219
40
527
13
11
2317
206
1944

,
,
,
,
,
,

- 12. - -
(Balaton Uplands NP),
(Kirlyk),
(Klomisz Lake). , 9 400000 (. 5).

200,
.

. 6.
.
, , ,
, . ,
60% , 49036 . .
9000 (
)
2162 , 28800
, 1000 4760
(Voloschuk, 1999).
(. 13 14).
1993 ,
. 5
, . :
(2010-2050)

. 5. 10

; 30%; - .
(2000-2010) , ( );
; .
.
NR SR 287 1994
(Zakon o ochrane
prrody a krajiny).
,
, ,
. ( 1) :
1. .
2. :
,
;
, ;
.
, ,
? 2 :
45

.6. - -

46

 13. ( Nature protection in Slovakia,

1995)

Cyanophyta
Micromycetes
Macromycetes
Lichenes
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta&
Spermatophyta

50000
80000
20000
20000
20000

IUCN
Ex
E Vm V
R
I
3450
15-20 .
5-6 .
1493 112 124
0 233 100 14
877
183
2500 199 249 261 297 197

14. C ( Nature protection in Slovakia,

1995 & Voloschuk, 1999)

IUCN

Mollusca
Aranea
Ephemeroptera
Odonata
Orthoptera
Heteroptera
Coleoptera
Hymenoptera
Lepidoptera
Diptera
Pisces
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia

128000
30000
2000
5667
15000
30000
350000
250000
100000
150000
34600
4000
>6500
9881
4327

Ex

259
916
112
69
122
787
6498
4300
3519
4635
78
21
20
352
85

Vm

3 26 10
11 88 137
0
8 18
8 10
7
0
6
3
0
3 21
60 116 420
0
6
8
0 58 512
0
0 35
10 10 10
0
7 11
0
4
7
2 26 26
2 14 19

14
7
3
157 18
3
18
0
0
6 16
0
11 22 14
105
0
0
887
5 16
126 43 15
185 123 169
8
3
1
0 11
4
3
0
0
9
0
0
37 23
0
5 17
0

. Ex , E , Vm , V , R
, I .

1. ,
, ,
, ;
.
47

2. .
,


,

, ,

5 . .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. , .
19 , .

15.
( , 1999)

- ,
16
600000
5
243219
174
4398
330
13886
231
83000
214
1377
45
55

1.09.1996 . 15.
, ,
, , , . : , , ,
.
-
.
, 5 - . .
48

 ,
41 . ,
- 5 , 33 .
,
, . ,
2002 , ,
, , . , , , : , , , , , .
, , .

49

. ( 1600 )
(, , , 2000).

50

 - ,

51


, , . , .
, , , , . .
(, 2002), :
(), , ( ).

- , , . ( , three-year game reserves ). , .
( ).
. , , , .
.
, .
.
(, ).
. . , , , XXI .
. .
-
-
- ( ). , -

. ,
. . ,
52

 . , , , . , .
. , .
,
,
( ).
, , . , , -. ,
. , . , . (1999
2 0 0 0 ) -
(: 12), ( 1993 ).
: - . ,
, ,
, . ,
. , 1978 (David Ehrenfeld), , : , : , .
,

53

. , , ,
,
, .
.
, ,
( . . ).
160 .
!
, ( ., 1999) (. 7).
(,
1999). : , , , , , , , ,
, (, , ), , , , -, , , , .
(, 2002):
1. .
2. -
( . -.).
3. ( .-.).
4. .
5. .
6. , (
.).
7. , ( .).
8. , ( .).
9. .
10. , .
,
.
, 54


1.

3. "
"

2.

4.

4-

"- "

" "
.7.
( ., 1999)

55

 ( , ).
,
,
. ,
.
- ,
,
,
. , . , , , ( ) ,
. (, ).
,
,
, .
, , (240
) . ,
, :
1.
,
(, ,
). ,
. .
2. ,
( , -), .
3. , ,
.
()
,
. ,
, . (
) .
56

 , , . , :
. , ,
.
, ,
,
, .
, , 10
, , .
.
.

? - . ,
, , . ,

,
, ,
, .
, : . . , , ,
.
.
. , . , , - ,
, , .

. .
57

 4-5
, 15-20 .

. -
.
(, , )
/
, (
, , ) . , .

( ) ,
.
. , ,
, , ,

.
, ,
.
, , , - , , , ,
/ .

. .

- :
1)
;
2) ;
3) 58

 , /
;
4) ;

, . . , / .
,
.

.8.

5) ( /
- . 8);
6) .
. , , , , , ,
,
.

59

, ,
. ,
(
), .
.
, ,

. : , ,
( ,
,
; ), , , , , , , -
, , .

. () .
, ,
, .
, , , . -
:
1) () ( ).
2) (, , , , , ).
3) .
3) , : , , ,
.
4) .
5) .
6) ( ,
).
7) () .
8) , .
,

60

 6,1 / 3,7 / .

, . . (core
areas) , . ,
,
, .
. 21 2000 1989
2000 - 2015 ,
(
..., 2001). ,
, .
( NATURA2000, 79/
409/EEC 92/
43/EEC) :

, , ;

, , ;

,
, , , ;

, .
,
():
1) ;
2) , ;
3) , ;
4) ,
61

.9. .

62

 .
, ,
. ,
() . . , : ,
, , () (, ) . , .
- .
. .- ( , 1999) .
(. 9).

, , .

, , : , , ,
. ,
.
,
- ,
.

.
:

( );
() , () , ;
() ;
,
();
, 63

 ;
,
.
( ., 1999 ) , :
) ,
;
) , ;
) ;
) , ;
) ;
) ( ).
, ,
. , (
., 2000 4,25
), , .
2000-2015
(. , 207 8 2000 ).
: ,
, ,
- , -, , , , ,
... , , .
. ,
. 5 ,
: ,
, ,
,
. ,
.
2 0 1 5 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 1 5 .

(. 16). , ,
10 .
64

 ( !),
3 . , 10 . ,
15 . , 16.
2015

2000

2005

2015

2000

2005

2015

600

1455

2329

1,0

2,4

3,9

160

350

422

0,3

0,6

0,7

212

250

301

0,3

0,4

0,5

1427

2200

3223

2,4

3,6

5,3

2399

4255

6275

10,4

(6100 - 2001
), ( 50 . ), 20000 .
, ,
, .

65

. ( , 80-).

66

67

-
- , .
2000 .. .. (1999)
480
400 . . (.
10). , , ( 2002 ) 476 (, ).
, : 1 ( . ), 2 ( ,
), 8 ( , ,
, - 2 ,
), 4 ( ), 1 ( ), 1
( , ) 1
( , ).
. (, ), 7 (.
- , ,
( . , . ), 1 ( , ).
2002
14% . , 1992
6,5%. 2005
15, 20-21 .
-
- 13%,
190 . .

?

( 1).
(1951 ) ..
34 . 1954

, 1955
, 68


. , , ... ( )
() 1968 .

( ,
, ).
, ,
1999 () .
..
( ), - .

.
-
( 2). ,
, ,
,
. 50-
,
,
. 1972
.
1969
,
1990 .
(
, ).
,
,
.
( , , ,
.).
, ,
,

, : ,
, , ,
69

2-4

II
2-3

3
2-6

2-2

2-5

2-1

9
4

10

1-2
1-5

:
1. () 57880 .
:
1-1.;
1-2.-;
1-3.;
1-4.;
1-5. ;
1-6. ;
1-7. .
2.
. :
2-1.
() ()
39159,3 .

1- 7
1- 6

2-2. () () 29200,48 .
2-3. ()
() 33480,24 .
2-4.- ()
51165,69 .
2-5.-
()
10973,29 29805,05 .
2-6. 19428 .

70

I ; II ; III -;
IV .

III
7

8
6

1-1

IV

1-4
1-3

3. 35684 .
4. 40400 .
5. 50300 .
11
6. 7928,4 .
7. 5344,2 .
8. 32271 .
9. 20000 .
10. 6100 .
11. 6555,8
. 10. .

71

 2. ...

1. ...

3. ..

4 . .-.

, .
, , ..

( ). , -- (208089 ),
(1999 5).
( ., , Munii Maramureului, 2000),
72

 .
. 1968 .
: , -, , , 57880 . 1997
,
60 . .
. 1968 . . (: 1). ,
(2061 ) .11.

.
. - - , .
1200 -- .
, (1650-1700
) . 1650-1900 , ( ).
800 , 100 , 30 28 . , , ,
. - .
,
. : (Saussurea alpina subsp. alpina), (Gentiana verna
subsp. verna), (G. laciniata), (Aster
alpinus subsp. subvillosus), (Pulmonaria filarszkyana), (Silene dubia), (Chrysosplenium alpinum), (Aconitum)
(Melampyrum saxosum).

(Gammaridae), (Lithobius
erythrocephalus, L. nigrifrons, Monotarsobius micrans) . , ( Leistus, Nebria ., Nebria hegeeri,
Leistus banningeri) .
73

.11. .

- . Pachyta
lamed, P. quadrimaculata, Nivellia sanguinosa, Strangalia arcuata, Toxotus
cursor, , ,
Monochamus sartor (: 20).
. (Cervus elaphus montanus), (Capreolus
capreolus capreolus), (Sus scrofa attila). (Ursus arctos), (Canis lupus lupus), (Lynx
lynx carpathica), (Martes martes martes) (M.
foina foina), (Mustela erminea),
(Mustela lutreola), (Meles meles) (Felis silvestris). ( Myoxidae),
(Sciurus vulgaris carpathicus),
(Microtus nivalis), (Sorex alpinus) ,
(Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) .
, :
(Tetrao urogallus), (Lyrurus tetrix), (Strix
uralensis), (Prunella collaris).

(Salamandra salamandra), (Triturus
montandoni) (T. alpestris).
:
- .
74


200400 (.12).


.
(1108 ) (1092 ).

.

: , , , .
, 220
46 .

.12. -
.
.
() (Juniperus sabina).
750 , 44
.
, 200 .
, ,
(Galium transcarpaticum), (Sesleria heufleriana), (Sedum hispanicum), (Iris graminea) (Aconitum paniculatum) (A. variegatum).
. , , Carabus coriaceus rugifer, C.
variolosus , (: 18).
(Rosalia
alpina) (Saturnia pyri).
.

(Rhinolophus hipposideros), (Myotis myotis),
(Barbastella barbastella), (Plecotus
75

auritus) .

(Elaphe longissima).
. , 200 (.13). (Narcissus
poeticus subsp. angustifolius). , ,
, .
.
( 26 ) ,
1300-1900 .
( )
.

. 13. .

450
. .
,
80 . (Juncus conglomeratus)
(Filipendula vulgaris), (Carex vesicaria) .
, .
.
, , .
76

 , (. , 1990, . 2). 580-1900 . . (1936 ) (1781 ).

. , , , .
,
(Poa deylii), i (Anemonastrum
narcissiflorum), (Anthemis carpatica), (Gentiana lutea) (G. excisa), ,
(Sempervivum montanum subsp. carpaticum),
, (Campanula
carpatica), (Cortusa matthioli) .
460 , 24
, 30 .
(, ,
Nebria reitteri Carabus fabricii),
, . , - (Erebia manto
trajanus).
(E. manto manto).
. ,
, (1089 ), (1242 ) (1087 ).
, -
- .
(Acer pseudoplatanus), (: 15), .
(Cornus mas) (Taxus baccata).
550 , 30 . ,
: (Sedum hispanicum), (Arnica montana), (Erythronium dens-canis
subsp. albiflorum), (Scopolia carniolica) , , (Orchis ustulata)
(O . p a l l e n s ) , (D a c t y l o rh i z a
sambucina).
. 1974
, .
77

 747 . . . (508 )

.
, +9,9 0 , 3 0 , 800 .
.
.
;
, .
450
, .
,
(Quercus petrea), (Q. polycarpa)
(Q. dalechampii).
(Fraxinus ornus) (: 3). .

(Ligustrum vulgare), (Cornus mas), (Euonymus europaea). (Vitis
sylvestris).
.
, (Stipa pulcherrima), (Phleum
phleoides), (Festuca sulcata), (Melica transsilvanica),
(Iris hungarica).
(Erythronium dens-canis),
(Crocus heuffelianus) (C. banaticus).
- . , (Cicadetta tibialis),
1 , , ; (Mantis religiosa) ,
.
Brenthis daphne, (Brintesia circe) -,
Hypparchia fagi. -
(Lucanus cervus : 19).
, . , -
. 78

 8 , 3,5-4 .
,
(Lacerta viridis,
), (Elaphe longissima). , , , , ,
. , , , , .

. ,
1980 50300 .
,
- , 450-2061
(.
14). , ,
. ,

(0,3 ), 1750 .
(1
),
1510 .


.
. 10 , .

79

 .
-- . 1100 1200
. (Pinus mugo), (Duschekia viridis) (Juniperus sibirica). 1860-2061

.
1100
,
. ,
,
- .
, (Silene dubia),
, (Centaurea marmarosiensis),
(Euphorbia carpatica), (Jovibarba
preissiana), (Phyteuma vagneri), (Heracleum carpaticum), (Festuca porcii) .
.
( )
( ) , 3-8 .
() 1410-1470
.
180 , 50 . 110 .
(Falco subbuteo), (Buteo buteo buteo), (Falco tinunculus),
, (Accipiter
gentilis) (A. nisus), , , (Tetrastes bonasia), (Perdix perdix).
. (Bubo bubo),
(Aegolius funereus) - (Glaucinium passerinum).
. 1989 .
. 40400 . ,
32 . (.15). 5,8 . . ,
, , .
80

 (1712 ) (1576
). 988
(: 5), 11 .
. , , 4,4 , 5-7 ,
16-17 ( 20 ).
, .
, 11 .
, ,

.15. .

81

( : , , ,
, ) , (- ) .
-
1000-1100 , . .
900
, 1,2 9,5 .
- .
()
. 1998
.
, 1050 . , (18-20 : 6).
6 ,
,
.
, : (Lycopodiella inundata),
(Scheuchzeria palustris), (Rhynchospora alba), (Andromeda polifolia), (Carex buxbaumii) (C. pauciflora), (Drosera rotundifolia : 16).

(Melampyrum herbichii), (Ranunculus platanifolius), (Viola dacica).
(Hucho hucho
hucho), (Thymallus thymallus). 19
. 12 7
.
( 90 ).
: , ,
, , , ,
(Circaetus gallicus), . ,
, (Driocopus marteus)
, (Cinclus cinclus),
(Turdus merula), (T. ericetorum), (T. viscivorus). (Ciconia
ciconia) (C. nigra), , , (Bucephala clangula),
, .
82

 43 .
.
1997 , 35684 , , , , (.16).

, ,
.
(1363 ),
(1268 ) (1265 ).
. .
- , -

.16. .

83

 170-180 .
.
, ,
, , , .
600 .
50 , .
- i
(Syringa josikaea),
. .
(Huperzia
selago), (Polystichum braunii),
(Equisetum telmateia), (Matteuccia struthiopterus), c (Streptopus amplexifolius), (Telekia speciosa), (Grossularia reclinata).
, , 70-
(Bison bonasus), 30 ,
.
, , , .
. 1999
. 39159,3 (.17).
1974 (14665 )
.
(.18; 5). 400-1346
, , .
(1269 ) (1221 ).
. 500 1280 (: 2).
.
, .
, --
. (: 4).
550 . ( 20 )
(Cirsium waldsteinii), (Dianthus compactus),
(Ranunculus carpaticus), (Centaurea
carpatica), (Viola dacica), . 30 .
84

.17. .
ECBC Fund.

,
(Euphorbia carpatica).
, , : (Carabus zawadszkii dissimilis) (C. ulrichi), (Carabus obsoletus
obsoletus), (Isophya pienensis), (Pholidoptera transsylvanica) (Pholidoptera aptera slovaca).

(Rana dalmatina), (Coronella
austriaca), .
(Aquila
pomarina) ,
, (Scolopax rusticola), , ,
(Motacilla cinerea), (Carduelis flammea).
. - - (. 19). 12 1996 .
5344,2 .
.
85

.18. ( Z.Niewiadomski in Biosphere

Reserves on borders, 2000; - ).

780 1754 . . .
( ), 1754 , (1736 ),
(1693 ), (1616 ), (1596 ).
.
3852,8 ,
750-1000 ( 03.02.1997 ).

398 , 243 78 . Asteraceae Poaceae. . 21 , 5,2%
. -- ,
, , , - .
, .
. ,
127 7 .
, Atteyella wierzeiskyi, Bryo86

 5. .

camptus spinulosus occidentalis Br. zschokkei caucasicus.

1 (Eudontomyzon mariae) 12 , :
(Gobio kessleri), - (Cottus
poecilopus), (Barbus meridionalis petenyi), .
9 , 6 (
), 104 , , , , , 87

. 19. .

(Prunella collaris), 45 , ,
, , ( , ), , , , .
20 22 .
-
. , .(. 20) 5 1984 . 2080 .
. .
,
. 390 .
700 . . -.
,
,
.
, , .
88

.20. .

, ,
.
. ,
, .
885 212 , ( Sphagnum capillifolium S. girgensohnii).
65 286 .
. 43 , 169 , 6
, 11 , 1 , 15 . ,
29 , 264 203 .
28 , 17
3 .
.
.., XIX
.

( 3),
.
27 1909
. 1927
,
.
89

 . ,
.
, 1934 .
,
, 20 1941 ,
.
, . 30 1941 .
. ,
, . ,
,
.
- 1941
24 .
, , , .
.

-, .

, . ( ?)
.,
1941 .
, .
, :
, ,
, (1998 , 7078,6 )
(, , 2001).
,
.
. 33307,6 . 30 ( , .21). 1874 - ( 4). 11054 .
1560 , - .
, .
..
365 . (Stipa pennata), (S. capillata), (. Festuca valesiaca),
(Poa bulbosa), (Carex humilis), 90

 (Elytrigia trichophorae, E. repens),

(Centaurea orientalis), (Arenaria), (Verbascum), (Alopecurus).
200 , 150
, , , , .
.
(Carabus hungaricus),
(., Anthaxia, Cratomerus, Habroloma .), (.,
Aromia moschata,
Dorcadion equestre) (.,
Scarabaeus sacer, Ceratophyus polyceros); (Saga pedo) ,
, (Isophya
stepposa) (Platycleis affinis, P. vittata, P. medvedevi);
(Bradyporus multituberculatus),
.
(Mantoptera) (Empusa pinnicornia) .

: (Zegris eupheme), (Euchloe ausonia
volgensis), (Hipparchia statilinus).
266 ( 16 ),
(6 ), : (Calandrella cinerea, C. pispoletta), (Alauda arvensis), (Galerida cristata)

.21. .

91

 (Melanocorypha calandra),
(Eremophila alpestris).
(Coturnix coturnix), , , (Otis
tarda, O. tetrax). (Aquila rapax),
(Antropoides virgo).
(Cyrcus macrourus) (Falco naumanni).
, .
17 . ,
.
, : (Sicista subtilis)
(Allactaga jaculus).
(Ellobius talpinus tanaiticus),
(Lagurus lagurus), (Microtus socialis),
(Cricetulus migratorius bellicosus) . (Citellus suslicus), (Mustela
eversmanni eversmanni) (Vulpes vulpes diluta).

(Marmota bobak) (Saiga tatarica), (Equus przewalskii), , (Ovis ammon musimon).
.
-
(. 22). 1983 32830
. 22
6600 . , 2750
58 .
10 .
(Vaccinium
myrtillus). -
(Calluna vulgaris).
, 789
, 29 . (Drosera rotundifolia), (Ledum palustre),
(Salix lapponum), (Betula humilis).
,
( Bembidion).
. , .. (1987) , , , : Bosmina kessleri, B. crassicornis, B. coregoni
lilljeborgi, Bythotrephes longimanus, Acroperus neglectus Ancistropus
emarginatus.
: (Rutilus rutilus), (Perca fluviatilis),
(Esox lucius), (Abramis brama), (Carassous carassius),
(Cyprinus carpio), (Silurus glanis), (Lota lota).
92

. 22. .

(Anguilla anguilla) .
: (Alces alces),
(Neomys anomalus), (Meles meles), , . (241 , 27 ).
: - (Cygnus cygnus), (Gavia
arctica), (Aithya fuligula), (Pandion haliaetus), (Haliaeetus albicilla), (Egretta alba), , , (Grus grus),
(Numenius arquata), (Circaetus ferox).
. -, - (1545 ), -
(1540), - (1526 ) (. 23).
- () (- .
24). 1913 . , 1991 . 44175 ,
15152 .
,
1200 ( 100
). 48 . (Quercus pubescens), (Q. robur) (Q.
iberica), (Fagus taurica), (Pinus pallasiana) 93

. 23. , - .

(P. silvestris). (C arpinus

orientalis), (Acer stevenii) (A. campestre),
(Tilia caucasica), (Ulmus), .
(Cotinus coggygria), (Cornus mas),
(Corylus avellana), (Sorbus aucuparia, S. graeca), (Berberis vulgaris).
:
(400-600 ), (600-1300 ) ()
; , ,
(700-1000 ) (1000-1200 ).
94

 :
(Cerastium biebersteinii), (Crocus), (Galega),
(Polygonatum), (Atropa caucasica),
, (Datura stramonium), - (Solanum dulcamara),
(P h y s a l i s a l k e k e n g i )
. (Cypripedium calceolus) (Viola).
,
.
, , .
,
.
, - (Carabus csabrosus
tauricus) , , .

(Hemianax ephippiger), ,

(Libythea
celtis),
(Pseudochazara euxin a ) ,
(Proterebia phegea),

(Isophya
taurica
), , - ( P o e c i l i m o n
kuznetsovi, P. beybienkoi,
P. pliginskii),
( A n a d r y madusa retowskii), (Pholidiptera pustulipes
) .

6 , 4
, 10 , 37
150
.
. 24.

- () .
95

 (Mediodactylus kotshyi danilewskii),

(Podarcis taurica) (Lacerta saxicola),
(Ophisaurus apodus).
(Elaphe situla).
(Phringilla coelebs), (Phylloscopus sibilator), (Lanius cristatus), (Anthus trivialis), (Apus apus), (Strix aluco), (Otus scops),
(Monticola saxatilis), (Coccothraustes
coccothraustes), (Apus melba), , .
(Aegypius monachus)
(G y p s f u l v u s) , , ,
( ).
( ), . 1957
, , .
( - ; ), (. 24),
- (
9600 ), ,
, ,
. , , ,
. , .
0,5-0,7 .

. 90 , 90 . .
, ,
, ( 15
20 ).
75 , 50 .
200
.
, , ,
(Hydroprogne caspia).
. (Charadrias alexandrinus), (Glareola pratincola), (G. nordmanni), (Vanellus vanellus).
96

97


. , ,
, . , ,
, ,
.
. .
1993
, .
,
16 1962 .
(713 1959 ), 27 .

.
IUCN
,
. 1961/1962,
1966, 1972-1975, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1993 1997 .
IUCN (CNPPA)
, ,
. 500
120 . IUCN
.
1993 CNPPA ,
. 14 2 (
). ,
2-3 .
CNPPA 1981
. ().
98

 ,
, :
1. . , 1000
, 100 , . 10 2 ,
2,421 3,86 . .
2. . ,
IUCN/CNPPA. ,
IUCN,
. , .
, ,
. , , . 6 IUCN
(IUCN, 1994) . .
3. . ,
.
9832 . WCMC,
, 37000, .

60%
50%

53%

40%
30%
20%
10%

19%
15%
2%
5%

7%

0%

. 25. .

99

 . (. 25). 10%.
, IUCN. , 25% .
,
. , , . ,
, ,
, .
, Elaine Shaughnessy Anne Rodford
IUCN.

.
, -

6. (
J.Plesnik).

100

 . XX . , 5-6
,
( 6).
, . 80-
( ) ( IUCN),
.
( )
, .
, 6000 , .
. ,
, . ,
38 , 20.
.
. 1 .
, ,

.
, .
()
,
2000 . (, ) ,
37 ,
. , , , , , ,
. 19 , ,
1922 .

(parcho nazionale), (riserva di
stato), (parcho regionale),
(riserva regionale), (riserva marina) (zona
umida) (Ministero dellAmbiente, 1991).

. , 101

 , .
, 1922 1935 . : , , , , ( ), (IUCN, 1987a).
,

(Napoleone, Palladino, 1990).
, (. 26), , 4061 . 2500 3600 .
( 3776 ;
3552 ; 3640 . : 22), , ( , ) (, ,
), ( 2295 ; 2275 ; 3846 ) (: 21).
4061 .
. , () 1972 ,
6 14 .
(Capra ibex).
1856 II
.
, ,
.
,
().
. 1920 III 2104
, 2 , 2 1922
,
. 1934
. II
, 1947
.
1991 (National Parks Act).
, ,
102

. 26.
().

103

 . , . , ,
.

.
, .
.
, - .
, , Pinus sylvestris P. cembra. . 4 . .
,
950 , (Larix decidua, ,
, ,
)
(Pinus arolli), (Abies alba). .
, , . (Paradisea liliastrum),
(). 70 . 1000
2000 .
(Leontopodium alpinum) , 1700
3000 . ,
,
.
, ,
1955 ,
, , : Artemisia genipi, A. absinthium, A.
moschata.
(Marmota
marmota), , 20 XX
. ,
.
,
. , (Gipaetus
barbatus), 1912 ,
.
104

(Aquila chrysaetos), .
(Loxia curvirosta) - . . , , ,
.
(Caprea ibex : 34). ,
, . .
(BKK) ()
. ,

. 27. - ().

105

. (. 27),
,
800 . 1976 . 43200 .
, . (Quercus petrea). . (Carlina
acaulis : 17). , , ., .
, , (: 13). ,
, , ,
, :
(Ferulago sadleriana) (Calamintha
thymifolia). , (Arabis alpina),
(Saxifraga adscendens), (Viola biflora), (Hieracium bupleuroides ssp. tatrae) . Hesperis matronalis ssp. vrabeyana
(Sesleria heufleriana ssp. hungarica).

(Aconitum moldavicum) (A.gracile).
(Carex pilosa), (Stellaria holostea),
Melica uniflora.
Festuca
pallens, S. h. ssp. hungarica, (Dianthus
plumarius ssp. praecox).
22 .
( ,
Phenacolimax annularis), ( Bythinella austriaca Sadleriana pannonica), - ( Allotrophora gastroides), (
Hetacrochordeum evae) (, , , , , , ).
.
, , .
Duvalius gebhardti, ,
: (Enthephria cyannata ssp. garennaea),
(Maculinea alcon ssp. curiosa),
(Aricia artaxerxes ssp. issekutzi).
, ,
106

 , -,
(Anthaxia hungarica), (Saga pedo)
(Isophya modesta) .
. (Barbus meridionalis) .

(Ablepharus kitaibelii ssp. fitzingeri),
- .

.
(Monticola saxatilis), (Falco peregrinus), , ,
(F. cherrug).
, . , (Myotis bechsteini), (Miniopterus schreibersi),
(Barbastella barbastella), (Rhinolophus euryale),
(Nyctalus lasiopterus) .
(Hipsugo savii Pipistrellus savii), .
,
, , .
()
.
. , , . 1853
, 1904 10% (Rackham, 1980). ,
25% , 2/3 , .

1961 ,
1963 (Duffey, 1982).
,
, 2
1930 , ,
, , . . .
1 1957 ( 57/740).
107

 ,
, (), , (Cutrera, 1991).

60.708 22
1960 . , (Saussay,
1980).

,
. (
).
, , ,
67-158 1 1967 .
, ,
, - .
1990 26 (
), 6,4% , 1997
28 ( 1 . ).
. , ,
, .
.
Quercus ilex, Q. pyrenaica.
, ,
(Grimmett, Jones, 1989).
,
(: 28).
, - (Ramsar
Convention Bureau, 1990).
(parc
naturel rgionaux) 1970 , 85000 .
. (. 28).
. . .
, . , .
(
108

. 28. ().

) XVIII
,
109

 .
1859 . 10 , , .
, . ,
, . , ,
, . -- ( ) 14000
, .
, ,
, ,
. .

, 1927
(Societ nationale de protection de la nature et dacclimation de France)
13117 .
- , .
( 6000 ,
2 ),
.
50 . . , ,
, , .

-- (Pont-de-Gau),
() .
20 . , (Charadrius alexandrinus),
(Recurvirostra avosetta), .
.
, ( 20-80 )
, ,
.
110

, , , , ,
.
, .

, (Populus alba), (Fraxinus),
(Salix), ,
(Egretta garzetta) (Ardea cinerea),
(Remiz pendulinus).
, (Schoenoplectus),
(Juncus), (Typha), (Ardeola
ralloides), (Ixobrychus minutus), (Rallus aquaticus),
(Sterna, Chlidonias), (Larus), (Colymbus).
(Tamarix germanica),
,
.
5-8 /,
,
. ( ), : (Salicornia),
Sphenopus divaricatus (Statice). .
. , ,
. ,
- , (Limosa), ,
(Himantopus himantopus) .
. .
, ,
. (, ),
, .

. 6 20 . Smilax aspera, (Asphodelus ceracifer), (Pancratium maritimum), .

, : , .
.
(Coronella girondica), (Elaphe scalaris), 160
,
111

 (Chalcides chalcides) , ,
,
(Lacerta lepida),
60-65 .

, (Phoenicopterus
ruber antiquorum : 42), 20 .
, . .
, 1-2 . ,
.
.
, ( Anas crecca, ).
50 . . ,
, (Anser
fabalis), (Anser anser, A. albifrons),
, (Vanellus vanellus) , (Numenius) . (Pernis apivorus) ,
.

(Castor fiber) (Lutra lutra).
. ,
. ,
, .
.

.
- ()

. , ,
() 1014 ,
1217 1238 .
,
(New Forest), 1027 . 12 .

.
.
(1722 ), (1855 ), (1869 ) (1879).
112

 ,
, , , , 19 , (1951 ).

: , : National Parks and Access to
the Countryside Act, 1949; Countryside Act, 1968; Wildlife and Countryside
Act, 1981; : Countryside (Scotland) Act, 1967; Town and Country
Planning (Scotland) Act, 1972; Natural Heritage (Scotland) Act, 1991;
: Nature Conservation and Amenity Lands (Northern
Ireland) Order, 1985.
,
: (area of
outstanding natural beauty AONB), (site of special scientific interest SSSI)
(nature reserve NR). ,
, AONB,
.
(NCC, 1989). .
.
1985 ,
- ,
.
,
.
(. 29)
. , ,
. . .
( ) .
(Poore,
Poore, 1987).
()
,
. , 10% SSSI
.
, , (Chatters, Minters,
113

. 29. .

1986). 100
40 . .
,
,
, (
114

. 30. ().
.

) -
(Environment Council, 1990).
1950-1951, , -
(.
30).
. 636
. .
140400 , 115

 .
.
-
, .
. 340
- ,
, ,
. ,
Crinoidea, ,
.
, 600 (!).

, ,
(Chrome Hill). ,
. , ,
.
.
, ,
(toadstone). ,
(300 ) ,
,
,
. , ( Mam Tor), , .
, (Stanage) (Windgather). . 65
. , ,
. .
, . , ,
.
63 , . - . ,
116

 ,
.
(Peak Cavern). , ,
, , ,
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
, . ,
, .
, .
.
(: 7).
- , , 13 .
(Dicranum, Plagiothecium, Polytrichum), (Lepidozia, Barbillophozia).
, , Lycopodium selago L. alpinum, .
.
, . , , , (Ulmus glabra). ,
, , , ,
. . ,
,
().
Anemone nemorosa,

.
(Primula veris), --
(Orchis purpurea). (Silene)
.
, (Allium
ramsoni), ,
, . (Geum rivale) , . ,
(Arum maculatum).
117

 ,
(Orchis maculata), , , (O. palustris), (O. incarnata) , . (Geranium pratense) - (G. sanguineum).
(Scabiosa atropurpurea) ,
. (Majorana hortensis)
(Carduus) .
, - .

(Bombus), . , , (Muscicapa),
(Lagopus lagopus); (Asio flammeus).
(L e p u s t i m i d u s ) ,
.
, 4%, , , (Myotis mystacinus).
, , , .
, (
), .
- . ,
1970 (Cambarus
affinis) . , . ,
. (Astacus astacus)
.
1999
,
.

( ) (Triturus cristatus). ,
25 , .
, , , , .
10 . 118

 , , . .
, , , ,
.
.
.
, 10 .

. -- , ,
( , ).
5 .
(. 4). ,
(5 IUCN).
, , , ,
,
60 ,
.
()
, , . .
1964 (Nature Conservancy Act, 1964, No. 822)
, , 1973, 1976 1987 .
,
(Poore, Gryn-Ambroes,
1980). , ,
1974
.
, ( ), , ,
( ). 1964 .
(National Environment Protection Agency (NEPA)
Naturvardsverket).
23,5 , 57% , (
66%) . ,
25% 100 .
119

 , ,
. ,
.
(Pinus sylvestris), (Picea abies), (Corylus avellana) (Quercus sp.).
(Betula nana). - , (Cassiope sp.),
.
1978 1981
(Heiss, 1987). 1988 33 730 . . . 1 . .
,
(IUCN, 1992). 1909 ,
,
348500 . 1962 . 1978 1008
16 , 1991 22 , 1381
, 10,1
.
.
,
,
. (). , , , , , , . 7
.
, ,
.
, .
, , , .
, (). .
, , , (Larsson, 1977; Poore, Gryn-Ambroes,
1980).
120

 (.
31). 20 1000 ( ., 1985) . , ( ), 30
.
- ,
- (:
10), (Grus grus),
.
( , , , 20% , - ), , 90% - . - -

. 31. ().

121

 - .
. ( ) . - ,
, 11 .
(Hertzman, Larsson, 1999). , ,
30-40 20 ,
( 19-20 5).
, ,
,
,
.
,
(Phragmites australis)
. 50- 20 .
1985 ( 1991
) ,
.
1 5 0
, ,
(IUCN, Wetlands International).
: , , (in-filling)
, , ,
.
, , .,
. 15,0 . ,
,
. , 200 . .
4 . , ( 0,8-1,2 ) ,
,
122

(cames), . - .
(Chara), 9 .
5 (C. rudis, C.
intermedia, C. tomentosa, C. vulgaris C. hispida). (Myriophyllum spicatum)
. 760 .
, , 45 .
,
, 11 .
270 .
(Botaurus stellaris), (Circus aeruginosus), (C.
cyaneus) (C. pygargus) ,
: (Podiceps nigricollis), (Chlidonias
niger), (Larus minutus), (Anas acuta), (A. clypeata), (A. querquedula). (Calidrias alpina schinzii)
, , (Castor fiber),
(Martes martes), (Alces alces)
(Muscardinius avellanarius).

.
, 3 . , 2/
3 . .
WWF .
(: 11), .
, .
()
( ) 1991 (. 32). 1691 ,
. (: 9), 6
,
. , . 123



,


,
.

(Phragmites australis),
(Typhaeta
latifolia, T. angustifolia) (Salix alba),

. 32. .


- .
(Populus alba), (Elaeagnus angustifolia) (Pyrus pyraster). (Nymphaea alba) (Nuphar luteum), (Nymphoides peltata).
, ( -) , .

,
(Egretta alba), (Larus argentatus, L. minutus, L. ridibundus),
(Chlidonias hybrida, Ch. lecopterus).
(Pelecanus crispus) (P.
124

onocrotalus), (Grus grus), (Platalea

leucorodia), (Anas strepera, A. clypeata, Aythya
fuligula .).
,
, . ( 30 , , Agroecina
striata Zelotes mundus), (,
Chlaenius spoliatus, Scarites terricola, Coniatus splendidulus, Mylabris variabilis .), (
), (
Acrida hungarica.
Tetrix, Tettigonia caudata, ,
). Calopteryx splendens balcanica.

. ,
Phragmataecia castaneae Laelia coenosa, Nonagria
typhae. Archanara algae (Schoenoplectus lacustris), Paraponyx stratiolata (Stratiotes
aloides). Lycaena dispar
rutilus.
,
, , .
(Canis aureus moreotica),
.. .. (1999).

, . ().
4,5 . , 3 . , 1,25 .
0,9 . .
,
(5 IUCN). -, . , 10 . . 2 .

()
3 .
, . . 125

 .
( 1977 ):
( 48).
,
. 1980 ,

.
1997 (IUCN) 64
(. 33).
, , ,
(Gir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park), (Panthera leo persica : 36).
.
11 , . , 19

.
, , , ,
1884 ,
. ()
. 1979 205 .
300 .
, 18 1965 , (Dharma Kumar Sinhji, 1982).
( )
14000 , 1978 10500 .
1974-1975 . (IUCN) 25871 . 1965 ,
( 115342 ).
65 90 . .
, . , , , .
,
.

126

. .
,
. 5 3
. :
, 1,7 0,
43,3 0
. , , (1016 )
500
. 225 648 .
. , , .
, , : 25
70 8 40 .
5 , ,
.
(Tectona grandis),
10 . ,
. -
, ( 15 ). , 600 . (Boswellia
serrata), (Butea monosperma), (Lannea conomandelica), (Anogeissus pendula),
(Diospyros melanoxylon), (Terminalia tomentosa),
(Pongomia glabra), (Ficus glomerata)
(Syzygium cumini). 4-8 (Acacia Zizyphus), ,
,
.
14 . ,
(Crocodylus palustris).
200 .
(Pavo cristatus), - (Haematopus),
(Lanius), (Hieraaetus fasciatus),
(Morphnus), (Perdicula asiatica),
(Francolinus francolinus), (Pterocles indicus), , (Treon phoenicoptera) .
(Pardus pardus), 210
(Chavan, 1980), (Cervus unicolor), (C.
127

128

. 33. . , - .

129

axis), (Boselaphus tragocamelus),

(Gazella gazella bennetti), , (Tetraceros quadricornis) (Antilope
cervicapra), . (Hyaena
hyaena), (Canis aureus). ,
(Presbytis entellus).
(Hystrix indica) (Lepus nigricollis).
, .
, 1967 Paul Joslin, Steven
Berwick Toby Hodd . 5 .
. 5 . .
( 4800 ),
.
, , .
. , . , , 19231,
.
. , , , .
- ()
() 17 . , 5200
. , , , , ,
, , , (Petocz, 1989; Scott, 1989).
. 1945
.
,
1982 , ,
,
.

130

 , Natuurbescherminge Ordannantie 1941

Staatsblad No. 167, 1932 (Staatsblad
No. 17). ,
, 1981
.
, ,
, . , 10
1991 .
( ),
( ).

.
,
, .
5 1967 .
, , (IIED/GOI, 1985).

,
. .
,
(World Heritage Convention), ASEAN,
6 ,

(Hadiseputro, Wardojo, 1990).
, , (PPA),
1971 ,
.

(PHPA) 4 .
(Scott, 1989).
.
.
, 1889
. 1949 .
19 ,
10% (Hadiseputro, Wardojo, 1990). -
(Ujung Kulon National Park) .
-
131

 (.34).
, .
(10 ) .
- 1921 . 1932
().
1937 ,

.
(Krakatau Strict Nature Reserve).

, 60
(.34). . 1937 GB/17/Stbl/420. - 1958 , 48/
kpts/Um/4/58. 1967 .
, 1921 . , 1 1992
-
( ) .
- 120551 , 76214
44337 , ,
2500
().
. -
(620 ).
- 1980 .
, .
. -
, .

,
.
.
,
. ( 1883 ) (Hommel, 1987).
132

 . ,
, , ,

(Blower, Zon van der, 1977).

. ( ) - ,
.
,
1500 ,
, .
, 26-27
1883 ,
36 . 18 21 .
40
, , , ,
181 2 .
1952, 1972, 1992 1994 (
Clarbrough, 1994 IUCN).
,
3249 .
- ,
- , 100 .
25-30 0 65-100%
(Blower, Zon van der, 1977).
,
, . , 50% .
.
4 . , . . , ,
.
, 450
, .
. Dillenia excelsa, Pentace polyantha Syzygium sp.,
.
40 . Parinari
corymbosum, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Rinorea lanceolata, Pterospermum
diversifolium, Intsia bijuga, Eugenia, Aglaia Diospyros. 133

. 34. ().

Pterospermum javanicum, Dipterocarpus gracilis, Intsia bijuga, Lagerstroemia

speciosa, Ficus Eugenia. ,
Arenga obtusifolia Calamus sp.
134

 , , Castanopsis
sp., Podocarpus
neriifolius, Turpinia sphaerocarpa, Fagraea racemosa, Dipterocarpus
hasseltii, spp. Eur ya Aphanamixis.
, ,
, , Asplenium
nidus, Freycinetia sp.. ,
,
A renga pinnata, Caryota mitis A renga obtusifolia,
() ,
, :
Lagerstroemia flosreginae, Diospyros macrophylla, Vitex pubescens, Ficus
sp. Planchonia valida.
Zingiberaceae,
: Lontana camara, Achasma Nicolaia.

, (Typha angustifolia)
Cyperus, C. pilosus.

.
Sonneratia alba, Lumnitzera racemosa, Nypa fruticans,
Avicennia, Rhizophora Bruguiera.

Calophyllum inophyllum, Barringtonia asiatica, Hernandia
peltata, Guettarda speciosa, Terminalia catappa Pongamia pinnata.
Ipomoea pescaprae, Spinifex
littoreus Canavalia maritima.
60 (Hommel, 1987).
.
, , 650
. ,
,
.

1952 (Thornton et al., 1984). 1992 1994
, (Casuarina euisetifolia),
. (1980).
, , , , , , . , 135

 , , C. timorensis
laronesiotes.
-
. 70 . (Buhanonia).
, 12 . ,
(Barringtonia),
(Ardisia), (Sarcosephalus),
(Sterculia) . .
, , Acropora, Pocillopora,
Millepora platyphylla, Porites lutea. 15 (Gorgonacea), Favia sp., Favites sp.,
Dipluria sp., Turbinaria sp. Echinopora sp.

Acropora sp. Pocillopora sp.
(Stromus sp.), Lamlas
sp. Nautilus sp. (Halim, Kvalvagnaes, 1980).
. .
(Parthenos sylvius), (Nymphalidae),
, , . 40 (!) .
, , .
, , , 15
(Chaetodon sp.), 4 (Balistidae), , Odonis
niger Balistoides niger, (Pomocanthus sp.),
(Platax junnatus P. orbicularis), (Zanclus cornutus).
. , (Rhacophorus) , .
.
, (Python reticulatus) (P. molurus), (Tomistoma schlegelii) (Crocodylus porosus) (Blower, Zon van der, 1977). (Chelonia mydas).
.
270 , (Gallus gallus
136

G. varius), (Egretta sacra), - (Ardea sumatrana), (Pandion haliaetus), (Haliastur indus),

- (Haliaeetus leucogaster), (Halcyon coromanda), (Fregatta ariel). , (Ciconiidae), 11 (Columbidae), 16 (Cuculidae), (Pavo
muticus), (Dendrocygna), , , .
, , , .
40 (Thornton
et al., 1984), , 1953
(Hoogerwerf). (Ptilinopus melanospila), (Macropygia phasianella),
(Chalcophaps indica), (Halcyon chloris), (Pycnonotus goiavier).
(Cyornis rufigastra)
(Pachycephala cinerea),
.
. (Zann et al., 1990).
(Rhinoceros
sondaicus). - , . .
60 - .
. . .
(Panthera tigris
sondaica), , 40 . ,
10 .
, , ,
, (Felis bengalensis), (F. viverrina), (Herpestes javanicus) ,
(Arctictis binturong).
,
(Bos javanicus : 50), 900 (), 700 , ,
. (Tragulus javanicus),
(Cervus timorensis laronesiotes) . , 20-25 2,5 .
.
(Muntiacus muntjak).
137

(Cuon alpina javanicus). .

(Herpestes javanicus),
, , (Ratifa bicolor),
10 , (Pteromis nitidus) Callosciurus notatus.
(Hilobatidae), (Hylobates
lar) (Symphalangus syndactylus),
15 , ,
(Hylobates moloch : 46).
(Macaca iris) , , ,
, , . (Tupaia glis).
(Presbytis comata), (P. cristata).
Cynocephalos variegatus,
.
, .
, 100-150
, .
, , (Cynopterus, Pteropus). , , , , , . (Megaderma lira). , , , , .
- (BADKHYS - )
, , . 1941 , .
. , 800 .
--, 20
10 , 400-500 .
.
- 18 .
.
- 700 , 10% . - . (Poa)
138

(. Carex turkestanica), (Malcolmia

grandiflora, , ), (Papaver), ,
(Tulipa), (Delphinum), ( .,
1971). .
, , , .
.
, . , - .
Pseudoscolia (Kasenas, 1995).
-, ,
. .
37 ; 30 , 250 .
(Testudo horsfieldi),
(Agama sanguinolenta).
(A. erythrogastra). 5 ,
(G y m n o d a c t y l u s r u s s o w i) , ( G .
fedtschenkoi) (G. caspius). (Varanus grisea) 1,5 .
(Coluber ravergieri) (C. rhodorachis) ( 1 ), . .
(Naja oxiana),
(Vipera lebetina) (Echis carinatus).
(Psammophis schokari).
.
(Oenanthe), , (Lanius), (Serinus,
Rhodospiza), (Pastor roseus). ,
(Merops apiaster)
(Lobivanellus indicus). - 30 .
(Milvus korschun),
(Falco naumanni) (Aegupius monachus).
(Microtus afghanus), (Meriones erythrourus) (Rhombomis
opimus). , (Hyaena
hyaena).
, (Felis caracal)
(Acinonyx jubatus). , ,
.
(Mellivora indica). .
139

 , , , (Capra aegagrus) (Capra

sibirica), (Equus hemionus).

. , .
, ,
.
(Gattuso, 1991).
,
, , .
- ()
9916140 . . 26,5 . . , 1980 , ,

. - ,
,
(Government of Canada, 1991).
,
, ,
, ,
.
1990 (Canadian Wildlife
Service CWS) A Wildlife Policy for Canada
on behalf of the Wildlife Ministers, .

(
),
. , .
, ,
1930 , 1988 ,
1973 , ( 1989 ),
1917 ( 1988 ), 1993 .
(World Heritage Convention)
23 1976 , - (Ramsar
140

Convention) 15 1981 . .
1909 ,
.
, ,
500 (IUCN East
European Programme, 1989).
1911 ,
,
(Hummel, 1989).
,
(CPS), . 3500 18054900 , 24,4% .
, ,
2945 ,
(Rubec et al., 1990).
( ).
200 , 10000 .
20 . . , 1991 655
(MNR, 1992).
, , ,
, , . , , , . , - , - .

1908 - .
( ).
1885 ,
26 , -
(). 1883
.
(Eidsvik . Hummel, 1989; Kun, 1981).
1986 . ,

(Finkelstein, 1992; Kun, 1981).
- 1922 , 141

 . (.35). 4480700 ,
.
, - .
.
,
210-300
. (, , ) .

. 35. .

, , . (: 25),
. , , .
:
,
,
-,
142

 , , .
1982 (IUCN)
- - .
283 , 161 .
-, . (.36).

. 35. .

143

 ( ) 1925 1928 . -. 1926 , .

.
8 . . ,
.
,
, , .
(Picea canadensis) (Picea mariana), (Abies balsamea), , Populus tremula.
(Castor canadensis) .
(Pinus banksiana)
(Larix americana). -, , .
, .
, . ,
, , .
(Nucifraga columbiana). (Grus americana). 24 , 1,5 7,5 ,
2,5 . 45 /. 1995 195 , 1930 . 18
1500 . 1940 1416 .
, ,
25 , 320
.
4000 , . ,
750 , 10 .
.
(Lepus
americanus), (Tamiosciurus hudsonicus), , .
(Mephitis mephitis) (Erethizon dorsatus).
(Bison bonasus athabascae),
(: 44). 144

, .
-
. 20- , .
,
. 10
. , .
(Rangifer caribou), (Cervus elaphus canadensis), (Lynx lynx canadensis),
, .
--- ( .37)
11% ,
IUCN, 1,8% . , ,
15-16%
(9372614 2).
1825 . , ,
1641 . ,
30 1864 ,
,
, , ,
... . 1 1872 (
) ,
.
, ,
(USC). 1906
,
, , .
. (Wilderness Act, 1964, PL 88577, 16 USC 1131-1136) 3 1964 .
,
.
, . , 1973
600 , 3000 145

.37.
().

.
(1977 ) - (1977).

(The National Park Service), 1916
(16 USC).
, , 16 ,
: , , , , ,
, , , ,
.
, ,
.

, ,
.
146

 ,
(National
Park System NPS), .
NPS, (National
Wi l d e r n e s s P r e s e r v a t i o n S y s t e m ) , ,
,
(National Marine Sanctuary Code)
(National Estuarine
Research Reserves System),
(National Wildlife Refuge System).

, 1907
(Myers, Green, 1989). ,
. , 42 .
. , . , 200
20 30 , 4200 .
- .
, .
, , , . .
, , (
) 25 1890 (
),
, , (
1862 . . ). 1940

.
(Mineral King
Valley) (Whitney).
163115 187069 ,
308273 .
(, , 1918 , ,
), , .
. 2500
147

 .
.

, 1800 .
(Sequoia washingtoniana, : 24). 36 37
,
1600 2300 , , ,
. , , . .
, ,
(S. sempervirens) 121
. ( , , , )
85 . ,
(Tsuga canadensis) 127,2 ,
(Eucalyptus regnans) 117 , (Pseudotsuga
douglasii ) 100 .
(, 2300 2700 , 3200 ) , , Makrozamia, 12000 !
, ,
.
( 2,5 ),
, ,
( 28 1926 ).
, . , (
) . ,
. ,
, , ,
, , , . - ( ).

Abies concolor ( 30-50 ,
5-7 ), ,
(), ,
.
. . (Salmo gairdneri),
1882 ,
(S. aquabonita). 148


(Hucho hucho taimen), (S. trutta morpha fario) (S. clarkii).
,
.
(Odocoileus hemionus hemionus, : 33),
(Puma concolor couguar). (Martes americana),
(Martes pennati) (Gulo luscus), (Sciurus aberti).
(Marmota flaviventris), Ochotona
princeps Ochotonidae, ,
. ,
, O. alpina,
(: 35).
(Canis latrans),
(Urocyon cinereoargenteus), (Lynx rufus)
(Procyon lotor).
, ,
, , , , ,
, . ,
, .
.
(Pinus contorta murrayana). , (Ammospermophilus)
,
. .
, ,
, .
(Cianocitta stelleri), .
, ,
. , , ,
(Aplodontia). , , . (30 )
, , .
. , . , .
.
(Neurotrichos), 149

 .
( ). ,
,
( ).
( - )
,
,
, .
, , 4050 .
(1247 ) . . 1959 600 .
- (4170 ). 1916 .
,
(.38). .
, .
(: 29)

.38. ().

,
. 1
1961 11593 . 1980 .
(: 31), (.39).
, 150

 . , 3600 , , 9100
. , ,
, .
1790 . , .
,
, 90%. () , .
, . .
(Argiroxiphium macrocephalum), . , 50 , ,
(: 40); , ().
,
, .
. ,
. , Sadleria,
. (. ).
(400-1000
). 1700 .
(Metrosideros), ,
(Clermontia haleakalensis), , . (Rubus hawaiiensis).
.
(50-150
). ,
. .
. (Zingiber
officinale), (Aleurites moluccana), (Mangifera), (Psidium guajava), , (Pandanus).
,
, (Acmaea, Patella). .
18 , .
151

152

.39. - .

42 .

(),
, , , .


( 3000 ). , , ,
, .

,
, 3,5
,
90% . 1000 , 223,
45, 29.

,

.
4
, .

(6-8 . )

, .

,
, 9

, ,
7 .

 ( ) (Vespertilio) - (Monachus schauisland).

(Leeward islands), , .
.
. 14 , , . (Branta sandwicensis, : 38), . , , . .
(Anas platyrhynchos wivilliana) ,
(Buteo salitarius), 100120 . (22 ) 14 ( Vestinaria, Loxops, Himatione), 8 .
. , ,
, (Vestiaria coccinea),
(Chasiempis sandwichensis), (Loxops virens),
(Loxops parva)
. ,
, , .
(Charadrius apricarius), () , .

,
, , .
: () - (3790
. ), -- ( 5000 .
), -- ( 2200 . ).
,
(Kaa Iya 3441 . ) , - (8400 . ), ( ) (5134 .
) ( 3203 . ), (3000 . )
.
- ()
153

 3 . .
. , 75517 2 2400 . . , , (.40), .
25% , 1000 . , 13,4%
(Candanedo, Barborak, 1992).
39 1966 , , .
, , ,
,
.
.
.
(Direccin
Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables), 12
1973 21 1986 .
, 1968 , 1977 .
,
,
(Candanedo, Barborak, 1992). . ( 24 ), .
(ANCON).
4 : ,
, (Hartshorn,
1981). (Holdridge, 1967).
, (Hartshorn,
1981). . , 2000 . . 154

.40. - .

,
579 . . ( 1980 ).
, , FAO Tropical Forest Action Plan (TFAP
1990 ), ,
155

 .
,
(1940
), (1978
), (1990 ) .
,
. 8-9 . (
10 .) , 1226 (Davis et
al., 1986), 170 , 226 , 929 , 218
. ,
- .
, ,
. - -, .
. .
24 ,
400 ,
. -, , 3 5 ,
170 (Gigante Peak) 65 .
5364 .
. , . . . 17
1923 . , (), . 1977
.
, 32
(.41). , .
1911 .
1924 ( 7).
, 10 . . ,
. , , . 10 . .
1400 , 156


4 0
(:
14).
,
, ,
.
(
Peristeria elata).
.41. - .
, (:
41). , (: 51).
, . 22 , 37 , 5 , 2 , 15
, 16 , 2 , 65 .
, , Corythophanes (
Iguinidae).
300 . (Octinops
wagleri), (Icteridae).
, , ,
. ( Psittaciformes),
( Muscicapidae), ( Trochilidae), ,
( Thraupidae), , , (Electron
carinatum ) (Eumomota superciliosa), ( Ramphastidae)
( Buceoniidae). 157


,
, ( P i p r a
mentalis Pipridae)
-
.
,
7. ( , 1924 ).
, , . (P. m. gouldi), - ,
.
, . (Formicariidae),
, .

(Philander opossum).
-
, , (Panthera onca),
( Puma concolor costaricensis)
(Leopardus pardalis), , ( Tapiridae), (
Tayassuidae), (Tamandia tetradactyla)
, , , (, Choloepus hoffmanni)
, Agouti ( Agoutidae)
(Galictis vittata). (Odocoileus virginianus).
, , ,
,
. , , .
10-12
() , ,
. 20 .
(, , 158

), ,
. (Terborgh, 1992),
.
.
(Alouatta pigra) (Cebidae),
, . , .
.
(Cebus capucinus),
,
.
.
- , (Nasua
nasua). .
(Procyonidae) ,
, ,
, , , .
, ,
, , , , ,
, . .
, .
- ()
912 . 2
20 .
, ,
1961 ,
(AID/NPS, 1981).
1989
(Fundacin para la Defensa de la Naturaleza)
IUCN WWF. . (Romero, 1992).
(Forest
Law of Lands and Waters) 1004,
, .
.
1970 (Ley de
159

Proteccin a la Fauna Silvestre), , ,

.
(Gondelles, 1992).
(Ley Orgnica de la Administracin Central) 22 1976 ,
.

.
, ,
.
, , (IUCN,
1986).

(1941 ). 8 3 1978
(Tratado de Cooperacin Amaznica), , ,
.
1977 (Caribbean Conservation Association),
, ,
. 1988 ,
1990 .
MAB,
.

: , , () , , - , , , ., 23 . 50% , . (.42).
, 1936 , 13 1937
(Garca, 1989). 1991 39 17 , 15,1% .
160

.42. - .

44,4% . , .
,
.
( ).
(. ),
(Henri Franois Pittier).
107800 (.43).
(Estacin Biologica de Rancho Grande).
.
(Cereus,
Opuntia).
2436 (. Pico Cenizo). 30 6 . ( 400 ). ( ) ( Airtella, Gyranthera,
Nectendra, Tovomita .)
( Epidendrum, Clusia,
Araceae, . Anthurium, Bromeliaceae, .
Nidularium, Bromelia). 1500 ,
161

.43. ( ).

, 2000 ,
, .
, , Gunnera pittierana, .
, , .
, , , (Papilio zagreus).
, , (Agalychnis callydrias). ,
,
(: 45).

(Ctenosaura, Enyaliosaurus), (Boa constrictor) Boidae, (Chironius)
(Lachesis mutus), 3,5 ,
3 .
530 (!) , 41%
6,5% . ,
.
30 . , , (Sternoclyte cyaneipectus).
( 1-5 ) , 162

 . .
. . ( P y r rh u r a
haematotis),
. ,
(Tinamus solitarius),
(Tinamidae). (Crax mitu mitu),
, (Penelope), (Crax alector).
(Steatornis caripensis),
1 , .
, .
.
(Tyranidae),
60 . -, . (Pipreola formosa).
(Polyborus plancus : 37) 120 . . , , . .
(B r a d y p u s
variegatus) Bradypodidae, (Cercopia lyratiloba),
(B. tridactylus :
43), (Cebus apella) (Alouatta
siniculus), , (Mazama americana), (Tayassu pecari), , , , , (Cuniculus paca) (.).
, , .
- ( - )
(756943 2), 13
.
19 1980 , ,
, . , , ,
(Gutirrez, 1992).
163

 ,
, 1925 656,
.
1931
4363,
.

, (Adquisicin, Administracin y Disposicin sobre los Bienes
del Estado o Fiscales), 701
( 1974 ) , .
(CONAF)
, (CONAF, 1989). . -.
, ,
.
, CONAF 1988 18768 (CONAF, 1989).

1940 ( 1967 ), , , , , , . 27 1981 1 - . MAB
7 . 1979 ( , , ) (Convenio para la Conservacin y Manejo de la Vicua).
, ( ) ,
.
(Iniciativa de Defensa Ecolgica Austral),
, .
1926 (Ormazbal, 1986b).
12 1935 1945 . 1990
30 , 36 10
, 13600000 , 18% .
. 17
, 5 , 4
164

 . 30
83
(Valencia et al., 1987).
CONAF 8 17
(Ormazbal, 1986a).
, ,
.

, . (Islas Juan Fernndes),
650 ,
(.44). 1935
. (93 2),
, ( , 85 2 ),
258 ,
, . - ( -
. 1650 ). - .
, (76,5%), 15,4C, 1180 .
.
1563
,
, . . 1704

. 1709
, .
19 .
,
.
,
(516 ), .
, .
,
.
.
.
4 . 165

.44. -.

70% ,

. , Lactoris fernandeziana, , Lactoridaceae
. .
209
-, 126 .
(Selkirkia
Robinsonia ). , Robinsonia gayana 550 . 500
(Myrceugenia Fagara),
(:
26). (Fagara mayu) , .
166

 , . 650 - - Cuminia, Fagara Rhaphithamnus

, Hymenophyllaceae, Thyrsopteris
Blechnum .
950 , Acaena, Dicksonia (, Dicksonia externa, , ), Drimys, Empetrum, Coprosma, Gunnera, Myrteola,
Pernettya Ugni, Wahlenbergia
Rumex acetosella. Blechnum Gleichenia.
, (Myrcegenia fernandeziana) (Fagara
mayu), 18 , (Drimys
winteri). , ,
. (Santalum fernandezianum), , 19 . ,
.
.
-
. ,
- (Jasus frontalis),
, ,
.
. 8 . (Thaumaste fernandensis : 47),
.
- (Arctocephalus philippii philippii),
17 2 3 .
19
.
. .
, (Tursiops truncatus).

.
,
.
167

 . 90 ,
30 .
, ( , ). ,
.
, , (Sabi Game
Reserve) 26 1898 . 1961 ,
.
()

, . , . 446500 2, 710000 2 , .
- 3500 . , . , .
560 . 2 (Duvall, 1988).
26,2
. , 1972 .
, .
, () ,
-. .
.
.
,
- .
(agdal,
habous, guich). , ,
(FAO, 1986). , ,
, II ( , ), 2000
. ,
168

, , , .

, 3 1916 .
3 1931 .
(.45)
: , (
), , : ,
. - ,
, .
,
, , . 1970
,
.

(Dahir) 11 1934 ,
.
(Grand Vizier),
. ,
,
,
.
, . ,

(Duvall, 1988). 1-2 . ,
Geronticus eremita .
,
. (Duvall, 1988).
, (primtres dintrt national). . , , , , , (IUCN, 1987b).
. (1968, 1977 ),
169

.45. .

( 1975 ),
(1980 ), MAB
1990 , .

(1976, 1980 ).
, , ( ),
5% (ACCT, 1991).

(Ministre delAgriculture et de la Rforme Agraire).
4 , , (Division de la Chasse, de la Pche et de la
Protection de la Nature). ,
170

 ,
.

.
, ,
. , 3600 ,
650 (Davis et al., 1986). ,
, . ,
, , 7-14% ,
28% . 4400700
, 1735000 (Eaux et Forts, 1991).
, . , 1962
189 . , 1984 1,3 , 1985 1986
1,5 (Duvall, 1988).
1990 10 . (Eaux et
Forts, 1991).
1942 ( )
36000
(: 27),
.
4165 .
. ,
(Juniperus) . , (Quercus ilex), (Q. suber) , -
. , ,
(Cervus elaphus berberus). (Erica arborea), (Ules), Pinus
pinaster,
(Pinus halapensis).
(Cedrus atlantica,
-), (Nerium
oleander). (Euphorbia resinifera, E. grandicornis).
. ,
, . 30
171

 (Pleurodeles waltl), , (Discoglossus pictus), ,

,
2600 , Alytes obstetricans ( 2000 ), (Hyla meridionalis) .
( 16 ) (Tarentola mauritanica),
, (Chamaeleo chamaeleon)
, , , (Acanthodactylus
erythrurus) .
, , (Pycnonotus) (Choriotis arabs), , (), , , . (Merops bullockoides
: 39), ,
. , 6
.
, (Cervus elaphus berberus). ,
, (Ammotragus lervia), (Ovis
musimon) . , ,
(Alcelaphus
buselaphus buselaphus),
( 1922 ).
(Gazella gazella),
2500 .
. , , , , .
, (Genetta
genetta) (Herpestes ichneumon).
(Mallivora capensis). (Macaca sylvanus),
.
.
(, - )
( )
, 2345100 2

172

39,8 .
,
(IZCN, 1991). ,
.
1937
, (domaines de chasse).
1949 , ,
.
10
(DECNT, 1990). ,

, , , (Schmithsen, 1986).
(loi foncire) 20 1973 ( 80.008 18 1980 ), (DECNT, 1990).
, Tourism (Dpartement de lenvironnement, conservation de
la nature et du tourisme). ( 1969 )
(IZCN, 1991). .
1974
,
. , MAB. , () , . ,
.
IZCN (.
).
(Ministre de lEnvironnement et Conservation de la
Nature), , , .

, . 2 . , 65% . ,
, .
173

 . , 1991 4,5 . .
,
WWF. ,
( ). (IZCN, 1991). ()
- , , .
(40 ). -.
300-1000 . (5120 ) . 35 . 3 . .
1,25 . 2 (52% ), (Mankoto ma
Mabaelele, 1987). - Brachstegia, Julbernadia Isoberlinia. .

1923 . . I,
. , 1925
(
).
(1919 ).
1960 , : 165 2
, ,
8000 2 (Nzana-Ndoni, 1986).
( ) 1938 1939
. 1970 . 1970
. 1970 4 , : , , -, . - ,
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
174

 , (NzanaNdoni, 1986). ,
.
2000

12-15% .
(.46) . 95%
, 5% .
790 . , 809
. .
500 ,
3000 .
.
(,
) .
, , , ,
( ). 700-5100 .
, ( )
. - .
1987-1995 (IUCN, 1995).
50 (Verschuren, 1988b) 250
.
300 50 . , .
.
. , .
, ,
.
, (5119 ).
. .
,
( ). , ( 7 . ), , .
, . .
. ,
1,5 . , 8 175

176
.46. ().

 . . .
-
, , (), ( ), (916 ), ( ) 2,5 . ,
.
, .

(.47).
, ,
, , ,
. 7000
,
.
( ). ,
, . ( 1986 20000), .
. .

. .
Hagenia, . ,
, Khaya Entandophragma, 40 .
Elaeis guineensis.
(),
Carissa, Capparis, Maerua Euphorbia calycina. Themeda, Imperata, Pennisetum, Hyparrhenia, Acacia sieberana, A. hebeclada Combretum.
- , ,
(Cyperus papirus,
Cyperaceae), 4-5
. (Phragmites
mauritianus), (Typhaeta australis) (Cladium jamaicense).
. Craterostigma
Sporobolus, Euphorbia dawei, Neoboutonia macrocalyx,
, : Erica, Philippia,
177

.47. ( .).

Podocarpus latifolius, Hypericum ruwenzoriense, Hagenia abyssinica

Rapanea pellucido-striata.
, Dendrosenecio Lobelia. 4000 , .
, .
, (Papilio demodocus) (Papilionidae)
2000 .
(Tilapia), , .
178

 Haplochromis
(Cichlidae).

(Python sebae)
6 .
(Varanus niloticus). 2 ,
, , .

(Pelecanus sp.). (
Phalacrocaris carbo, Ph. africanus Ph. lugubris).
(Anhinga rufa) (Burbulcus ibis), (Ardea melanocephala), (Ardea goliath), (Butorides striatus), (Egretta alba)
. ,
, .
(Threskiornis
aethiopicus) (Ibis ibis).
(Balearica pavonina),
(Balaniceps rex)
(Balaenicipitidae). -,
,
. , .
(Ceryle rudis),
(Megaceryle maxima), (Alcedo quadribrachys) .
, .
(Francolinus nahani), (Zoothera oberlaenderi),
(Chloropeta gracilirostris).
71 14 . Hippopotamus
amphibius ( 2,5-3,3 ,
420-490 ), 7 . (Syncerus caffer), .

(Kobus kob thomasi),
, (Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa). (Damaliscus lunatus corrigum) , , .
(Aonyx capensis), 179

 , . 2-3 .
( Pennisetum purpureum ), (Loxodonta africana, ), 3,000 1960, 674 1971, 800 1972, 780
1973, 631 1980 , 500 1988 (Verschuren, 1988a) 469
1990 (Said ., 1995).
(Ceratotherium simum cottoni,
3 ), (Damaliscus lunatus korrigum D. l. tiang)
. (Phacochoerus aethiopicus
: 48), (Panthera leo), 1960 1980- (
). .
(Gorilla gorilla beringei : 49),
- .
. Gorilla gorilla graueri, ,
G.g.beringei.
( 250 ) .
, . ,
. 18 . .
(G.g. beringei), () 1980
140, 1986 280 .
600 .
, (Pan troglodytes), , .
, . , , (Cercopithecus), (Cercocebus)
(Colobus polykomos), . ,
. .
(Mandrillus sphinx)
(Mandrillus leucophaeus), , , .
. , Elapidae ( : Dendraspis
angusticeps, 4,2 , D. viridis) 180

 .
(Boiga blandingi), ,
. , , , , (Bitis gabonica)
,
, (Bitis nasicornis).
Dryotriorchis spectabilis.
(Machaerhamphus alcinus), ,
.
(Anomalurus), (Perodicticus potto),
(Manis trieuspis), (Manidae)
(Pholidota), , , .

.
(Cephalophus silvicultor) (Cephalophus monticola). (Cephalophus maxwelli)
.
(Potamochoerus percus) (Hylochoerus
meinertzhageni), 1904 . (1901
) (Okapia johnsoni). ,
100 .
(Tragelaphus
euryceros).
1994 ,
, ,
, .
, .
1995 ,
2 .
44 12 . 33000 1986 3000 1996 (IUCN,
1997).
()
, 945090 26 . , , 181

, . - 1000-1500
. (5895 ) - .
, ,
-, ()
. ,
.

, 1961 .

, 1990
,
.
: , . ,
, , , (WD, 1991).
( )
1940 (Game Ordinance No. 20).
, ,
, . 1951 (National
Park Ordinance) .
, 1959 1977 . . .

1974 (Wildlife Conservation Act), 1951 (Fauna Conservation Ordinance),
,
: ,
.
. , (WD, 1991).
1921 , 1982 . , . , (Bensted-Smith, Msangi, 1989).
1970 (Fisheries Act
No. 6).
182

, .
2 1977 .
.
, ,
, ,
(). -, - , (SWARA, 1989).
, , (, , , , ,
).
(Wildlife Division) 5 40-50 ,
, ,
(Mwalyosi, 1986).

, 1978 . , , - , . 50
(Mwalyosi, 1986).
,
, (Kakakuona) (WD, 1991).
.
, , , ,
IUCN.
, , , (-, -). , , ,
() Acacia Commiphora.
,
, (Davis et
al., 1986).
.
- 5,8%
(Hughes, Hughes, 1991). - (Stuart, Adams, 1990).
,
2/3 . ,
( ).
183

 , ,
.
(Mwalyosi, 1986) 44
, 40% , , 1% . 98% , , . . 10%
, 40% .
40% .
4% .
, 1914 13 . . , 1922 , 1929 ,
(
, ).
( 1476300 ), 1950 , ,
, .
, ( . 4 8 ) ,
(. 49).
700-800 3000 .

, 1957-1959
.
- .
( T h e m e d a t r i a n d r i a) , . .

(Cynodon), C. dactylon, Sporobolus marginatus.
, , Pennisetum.
.
(Chlorophora excelsa), .
Apocanthera frisiorum,
.
Acacia drepanolobium,
.

, , , ,
. (Strutio camelus massaicus),
184

.48. ().
( . .)

( Otididae), (, ). (Sagittarius serpentarius),

, , ,
, . , :
Buteo rufofuscus, (Elanus caeruleus),
(Therathopius ecaudatus) (Asio capensis).
.
(5 ,
Gyps fulvus, G. africanus, G. rueppeli), .
, .
(Tachyoryctes)
, , .
Allactaga sibirica, ,
185

.49. - ().

-- , ,
, .
.
, ,
186

 (Connochaetes taurinus),
(Equus burchelli), . ,
.
(Gazella thomsoni)
( ),
70
(Acinonyx jubatus), (G. granti).
.
, ,
,
.
(Taurotragus oryx)
3000 ,
(T. derbianus), , , ,
425 , 182
.
(
),
, , .
. ,
.
.
, . (Diceros
bicornis), ,
( 2 ), .
(Giraffa camelopardalis
rotschildi), 5,8 750 1600 ,
, , , , (Balanites aegyptiaca). 10-15 .
(Loxodonta africana), , , , , , , .
(Panthera leo leo), , , , .
(Felidae). 150-200 . ( ).
187

 (Panthera pardus). (Crocuta

crocuta), (Lycaon pictus), (Otocyon
megalotis), ,
(Canis aureus).
, , . , . .
, , ,
. - .

.
1000 ,

1879 , , .
, 20%
.
150
, .
.

.
, .
- ()

. ( ) 19 , 31 , 5
, 1 (. 17).
- ,
.
, (P.K.
Endress, RCSQ, 1986). ,
: , , ,
, 35
, , ,
.
, -
188

 (.50), 1925 -. 32500 .

. - ( 1873 ), 1611
- 65 (: 8),
. , ,
, -
(RCSQ, 1986). , 278 ,
( 270 ). (
) .
.
13 ,
, (Eucalyptus Acacia). 27

. ,
.
- -
, (Licuala ramsayi) . - (Webb, Tracey,
1981), (: 23).
1161 , 523
119 . 75 43
. 710 500 (43%)
(DASETT, 1987). ,
, 66% ,
43 28 (RCSQ,
1986). , - Proteaceae, 13 40 , Placospermum coriaceum,
(Johnson, Briggs, 1975).
. 40-50 .
, 90 . 59
, 43 . Sarcochilus, Dendrobium, , D. canaliculatum, Cymbidium, Dischidia, Hydrophytum),
(Calyptrocalis), (Freycineta), Pothos
Raphidophora. (Loncho189

 17. () 1.01.2000
( The Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
IUCN)

()

46
1
8
55

573247
2817
4515279
5091343

7
159 (4)
215 (120)
38 (20)
30

52180
28543
6586091
351200
11303

0,030
0,017
3,812
0,203
0,007

1170

0,001

450

7030487

4,070

carpus). (Hydrophytum, Myrmecodia, , M. beccarii), (). , ,

, ,
, .
-
Calamus,
.
,
, 240 , , 46 , 17 .
(Coveniella,
Neurosania, Platyzoma Pteridoblechnum). - P. neglectum (RCSQ, 1986).
(Cyathea).
(Agathis australia), 30 10 ( 2000
!), (Cardwellia sublimis), (Flindersia),
190

.50. - .

0
7
2
3
7

191

 - (Araucaria bidwilli) , .
Lepidozamia hopei 20 , Bowenia spectabilis
.
(Ficus bengalensis) ,
, . , , ,
,
20-25 .
., .
, (Morat et al., 1986).
, 0,1%
, 30% , 60%
, 18% , 30% , 23% 62%
. 54
(DASETT, 1987).
-
5 10 . 5000
300 . ,
, . - , 1500 (Monteith, Davies, 1984). , 18 Aenetus monabilis,
Douea xanthopygs Polyeuta callimorpha,
. (Coscinocera
hercules), 25 .
.
(Chaetocneme porphyropis), (Udara tenella)
(Ornithoptera priamus euphorion) . (Papilio
ulysses) (Troides pronomus).
.
, Euastacus. ,

.

192

50 , 47 , 20
- (DASETT, 1987).
, : Litoria lorica, Cophixalus neglectus, C. bombiens,
C. hosmeri, C. infacetus
Taudactylus rheophilus (Covacevich, McDonald, 1984).
160 -,
(Carphodactylus laevis)
(Phyllurus cornutus). ,
,
- (Leiolopisma jigurru),
. (Covacevich, 1984).
, ,
(Python amethystinus), ,
6 , .
(Goniocephalus).

(Boiga irreguloides), .

(Kikkawa, 1982). 370 , 137
. 23 .
- 215 13 . O rt h o n y x s p a l d i n g i i , C l i m a c t e r i s m i n o r, S e r i c o r n i s k e r i ,
Crateroscelis gutturalis, Acanthiza katherina, Lichenostomus frenatus,
Colluricincla megarhyncha, Ailuroedus dentirostris, Prionodura newtoniana
. (Kikkawa, 1984).
. ,
(Alectura lathami), -, . - ( Prionodura newtoniana
Scenopocetus dentirostris), . ,
, ,
.
1 ,
, 10-15 . , , , .
(Kakatoe galerita), , , .
193

 (Casuarius casuarius). .
1,5 , , .
-.
, .
.
(Cyrtostomus frenatus). ( Myzomela pectoralis, M. obscura, Acanthrhynchus tenuirostris, Meliphaga notata levinii
.).
(Sericornis lathami) (Orthonyx spaldingi).
(Heteromyias cinereifrons)
(Eopsaltria australis), ,
, . (Calluricincla boweri), (C. megarhyncha), (Pachycephala
griseiceps), (Cracticus
mentalis).
- Aviceda
subcristata.
2 Monotremata (
), 37 , 16 34 (DASETT, 1987).
-. , , (Petauridae)
(Dendrolagus lumholtzi D. bennettianus). . , . . ,
.
(Antechinus godmani)
,
(Winter et al., 1984).
(Murina florium),
(Richards, 1983).
(Dactylopsila picata),
(Phalander nudicaudatum Ph. orientalis),
(Dasyurops maculatus), (Perameles
nasuta) (Hypsiprimnodon moschatus),
( 0,5 ). , , , .
194

 ,
. 1
. , , ,
, .
.
, ,
,
,
.
( )
-
.
, 600
, -
- .
- , 800
.
268684 . 3,3 .
. 60% 300 . 29 3000 .
. ,
45 125 .

,
.
1987
. 20 , 6
(Conservation Act 1987; Reserves Act 1977; National
Parks Act 1980; Wildlife Act 1953; Queen Elizabeth II National Trust Act
1977; Marine Reserves Act 1971).
- (quangos), . 1987 , 1989,
(Conservation Law Reform Act 1989).
1990 , ,
.

(World Heritage Convention) 22 1984
195

,
( - ). (Ramsar Convention) 13
1976 . -
.
MAB, ,
- .
- (South Pacific Regional Environment
Programme)
- (Convention for the Protection of the
Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region),
3 1990 . , , .
,
.
80
,
1800 , . .
. , , 10 . ,
. 90%
, 80% ,
, 25% , 60 ( 2
Sphenodon punctatus
Sphenodon guntheri,
), 4 2 .
, , ,
. , (45 ), , . , , 12 .
, , .
.
. 60%
, , 23%
, . :
19 20 196

 , 3000.
, .
: 13 , 20 , 3500 ,
61760 ,
- -, 1093788 , 40 500 . 5 , 20% . , 1% 11 .
, .
- ,
, 1977 (1977 Reserves Act Clark,
Dingwall, 1985). , 1990 33
, 2 .
268 , 133
.
.
7,5 ,
.
(.51).
1952 ,
- .
230 80 . 1211600
. .
, .
(
), .
,
.
(-
).
,
, 1700
, , (: 30),
(1792 ),
. , 3
.
, .
, 2746
197

.51. - .

(.) .
, 198

 . , , . ,
. 187 ,
444 .
, :
18,8 (, ), 1,3 (, ).
. ,

6526 . 180 .
. -
1200 .
,
. . . , : , 80 ,
45 , - 65 , 29
450 . , .
.
. (3 )
(Nothofagus), N. menziesii.
(Agathis australia),
(Dacrydium cupressinum)
(Phuxia), .
, 51,5
13,8 , 1500 . .
(Podocarpus). , , , , .
, , .

(Podocarpus halle), - (Phyllocladus alpina),
(Libocedrus bidwilli).
(Leptospermum scoparium),
Dracophyllum. . ,
Pteridium esculentum , . , ,
(Metrosideros scandens) . ,
( ).
. 9 199

. (Chonochloa rubra,
Dantonia raoulii), (Ranunculus lyalli), 5 .
, , Celmisia coriacea. .
35 . : Chionochloa, Celmisia, Olearia, Aciphylla,
Ranunculus.
3 . . , Erebia, ( Noctuidae) . 11 .
( ) 20
.
- -,
1948 .

Galaxia, , Galaxiidae, .
.
- .
(Larus novae-hollandiae)
(L. bulleri), - (Aythya
novae-seelandiae), (Podiceps cristatus). (Hymenolaemus malacorhynchus),
, ,
.
. , .
(Eudyptes pachyrhynchus). , (Procellariiformes). , (),
.
(Eudyptes cristatus). Puffinus
griseus
, .

( Apterigidae, - Acanthisittidae,
Callaeidae, Phelesturnidae .).
200

 - ( 8) 11 ,
20 .
,
.
(Nestor notabilis)
. ,
, ,
.
(Strigops habroptilus).
, . - - (Notornis mantelli .
N.hochstetteri). , , 1948
100 . 120 - . - .
- (Circus approximans), - (Falco novae-selandiae)
(Ninox novae-seelandiae) (Sceloglaux
albifacies).
. (Tursiops truncatus) .
( d u s k y d o l p h i n L a g e n o rh y n c h u s a u s t r a l i s ) . -
(Delphinus delphis) ,
( ) .
(Megaptera
novaeangliae), (Physeter catodon), (Eubalaena
australis), (Orcinus orca).

(Arctocephalus forsteri). - .
(Mirounga leonina)
(Hidrurga leptonyx).
(Otaria hookeri),

, .
,
2000,
.
30 20 .
201

 10 .

.
.
1932 1954 2,5 .
.
(
70 ), , , ,
. .

8. - (Photo
Tom McHugh - Photo Researchers, Inc.)

202

203


:
a) ;
) , ;
)
;
) ;
) - .
,
-
, , , , ,
- (. 7 8 ). :
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. - ,
, - , , , .
5. .
6. .
7. ,
.
8. .
9. - :

;
.
- ;

204

 , ,
, .
,
- .
. , . ,
. ,
, . (, , )
.
( ) .
.
.
. ( , -) . . , .
, .
,
.
, , . - , .

. . , 20-
,
.
,
.

. , , -,
.
205

 (
- 9),
.
,

9. , ()
(., 2002)

. , . (2000) 9
. (
)
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) ;
7) ;
8) ;
9) .
, - 206


, .

, , , .
. ,
. , ,
.
, . .

,

. ,
. .
,
, - .
,
, , .
5 .
. , ?
. (Nipponia nippon), , , .
. 1940 .
.
. (15 ) . , () , , : . Jeff Durbin,
Japan Times, 43 25 ( 1990 ). 1994 2 . . .
, 2%
, 3,5% , 5% 6%
. 10% .
. , 207

 7-8 , ,
6 , 4-5 6 . ?
190 1600 , ,
(. 17). , .

( ). , ,
100-120 , , .. (1999), 5 , : , , , , -.
. , , ,
, , .
.
, , ,
.
. - (Notollis mantelli). 20 , 1948
- (. ).
, . ,
, 30% (!)
( ).
,

(. 17).
, , , , . , . , .

. . ,
Ornithoptera
. .
, ,
.
208

 17. (%, )
, 1600 1974 (
Nilsson, 1983)

()

0
100 (1)

32 (7)
5 (1)

19 (21)
20 (22)

23 (14)
19 (12)

21,5 (42)
18,3 (36)

0
0
0
0

42 (8)
0
0
0

22 (24)
0
1
1

20 (13)
1,6 (1)
0
1

23,0 (45)
0,5 (1)
0,5 (1)
1,0 (2)

21 (4)

37 (40)

36 (23)

34,3 (67)

( ),
.
,
, , , , ,
.
.
(Myotis bechsteini) .
. . ,
, ,
. .
.
, .
.
.
, .
.
, -, (threatened) . , , , . , , 209

 (),
.
18.
.
, ,
.
18.

156
400
102
43
200
380
164

66
42
72
18
46
45
13
30
103
52
102
27
65
40

() (2000 ), (1999 , 200 . ).

. 11000
2375, 22%, .
. ,

,
. ! , ,
.

, . ,
, . .
,
Parastenocaris, 95% 210

. ,
, , ,
(). , , . , . ,
, , . ,

, , .
. , , , ,
(, ).
Carabus fabricii,
(
.
) .
, ,
( , 1985),
.
,
.
.
(Poecilimon intermedius), ,
.
,
.
(Latimeria chalumnae), (Sphenodon
punctatus), (Varanus comodensis), (Ginkgo
biloba), .
, ,
, .
. , , -, , , -, , , .
. , , -.
,
(, , ).
,
( , ), ,
211

 ( ).


39 , : ,
,
.
,
,
29 1992 . ,
,
, , .
,
:
;
;
;
;
;
;
.
30
, . , ,
,
. 381
( 60 ), 531
, 429 ,
12 .
(1976 )
. ,
.. (1999)
.
.

. 19.
. , ( , ) .
, 212

 ,
.
20 21.
,
. 127 .
19. (1994 )

Invertebrata
Vertebrata
Protozoa

(n) (%)

44000
227
<0,5
700
155
>22
>2000
0
0
47000
382
>0,8

20.

450

950-1000

2000

100
20-30
5-10
35-40
200
10
12
120
15-16
70
35
5
25
30
3

400-500
100-150
50
200-300
400-500
50
30-40
200
30
200
120-130
10
40-50
?
3

600-700
200
100
300-400
600-700
100
50
200-250
100
300
150-200
10-12
100
200
3

213

 21.

70
40
100
104
200
30-40
80-100
20
?
300
400
500
?
60
100
5000
8000
60
200
60
100-120
6-7
10-12
1
3
25
60-70
35-40
100-120
10
?
60
?
500
700
100
130
2000
2400-2500
?
?
?
?

200-300
150
300
150-200
50
500
1000
200
8000-10000
250
150
15
5
100
200
?
400
700-800
200
3000
2000
5000

, 1948-66 , 5 , , , , . 894
. 296 . 287 , 119 36 .
1983
. 22. , .
214

 , ,
, , (
, ), (
) , . , ,
,
.


.
. ,
, (. 23).
,
. ,
, , . 30 50%
( -,
). () 72 , 66%
.
,
, . ,
1600 , - ().

- 4 . .
,
. ,
,
, . . ( Eunectes murinus E. notaeus).
- (WCS),
215

 22. (%, ) ,
( Nilsson, 1983)

9,8 (16) 5 (2)
50 (39)

65,9 (1) 82 (27) 22 (16)
23,8 (40) 9 (3)
24 (19)

0
0
2 (2)

0,5 (1)
0
1 (1)

0
0
0

0
4 (1)
0

0
0
0

0
0
1 (1)

20 (54)
59 (161)
12 (33)
0,6 (2)
1 (3)
1 (3)
1 (3)
2 (6)
3 (9)

31 (72) 23,2 (183)

32 (74) 49,5 (389)
17 (40) 17,1 (135)
8 (19) 3,0 231)
2 (5)
1,3 (10)
0
0,4 (3)
0
0,5 (4)
0
0,8 (6)
10 (23) 4,2 (33)

23.
( , 1983)

( .)

3
9
90-100
46
986
464
316
390
2000
3000
4000
50
943
42
333
603

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
100
65
78
50-60
53
38

1981
1980
1982
1982
1980
1982
1979
1979
1982
1999
1980
1984
1980
1982
1980
1980

(Eunectes deschauenseei) (Journal of Herpetology, 1997, N 4, p. 607-609) .

216


2 (183)
5 (389)
(135)
231)
3 (10)
4 (3)
5 (4)
8 (6)
2 (33)

( ), , , , ,

.
, , ,
(,
, , ).
,
. 1980
20 . - ()
, ,
: , , , .
7 .
, , . , , ,
. ,
( )
, . (
) -.
.
, , Licaena dispar batavus ,
, , , . ,
- .
.
,
.
1983
(Anser erythrophus), , , . (Branta leucopsis),
. .
- .
,

217

, , .
. 40.
, 1972 . , ,
.

, . -, --, . ,

.
-

-
5 -
. , -
,
.

.
,
.
, .
-
,
.
. ,
, ,
.
, , , .
,
, :
;
218

 ( ) ;
().
,
15.11.1994 772. :
( )
, ,
,
, .

, . , .

,
. . , , .
(, , ). . , , ,

.
,
.
5 .
,
.


( ) , 219

 .
, ,
.
. ,
.. (1983) 20-25 , , . ,
.
, ...2 (!)
. .
( 5-10
), (
IBP, MAB).
(, 1997) : 1) , 2) , , , 3) , 4)
, 5) , 6) , 7) , 8)
, 8) , 9) , 10)
, 11) () , 12) .
, , ( ..) - :
1)
, ;
2) ;
3) , ;
4) , , ., ,
.


, , . ,
.
- , ,
, , . ,
, 220


.
:
1)
;
2) , ,
; , , , , ;
3) , , , , ;
4)
;
5) - ;
6) ;
7) ;
8) ;
9) ( );
10) ,
, ( .52);
11) ;
12)
;
13) ;
14) .
,
(. , , ). , , ,
( 2002 ),
, 8
, 3-5 ,
, , ( 10)
221

,
.

.52. .

10-15 .

,
.
. ?
() ,
( ., 1993),
, . ? ,
222

 10.
( 2002)

, ,
.. .. (1982): -
- () . , ,
-
.
, ,
( !) . .

.
,
, ,
.
, . , ,
, ,
223

 , .
:
, ;
()
;
,
.
, , , ,
. , , .
10
.
.
,
,
. (
) . , .


(),
, (), () .
. ( .., 1994):
(, , , -,
;
(, , ,
, , , ) .
- : , , , , ,
, , , , .
. ,
224

. ,
-
, , .
-. (
) , ,
, , .
.
- , . - , ,
,
.
(Dacey M., Marble D., 1965).
, ( ) . ,
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) , , .
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ( ) ;
4) .
-.
- (
10.07.1993 ). ,
.
-

1989
(EMERALD Network), 225

 (Areas of Special Conservation Interest

ASCI).
3 (1996 ) .
41 -
8 -. ,
ASCI,
( 6 4 1998 )
,
. . 2000

10 ( ).
- .
,
. . 1968 -
498
.
,
. ,
.

.

, , .
. ,
, .
, , . ( ) , , .

.
, ,
. , , ,
.
, ,
.
226



. .
, . ,
, . , . ,
( ., 1997). , 6-8
, , .

(.53), .
, 60%
(Action plan, 1985). - , , -

.53. ( . .
).

227

.
5 ( ),13 ,16 400
. .
4% . . - . - , :
- , ,
. ,
( ,
, ).
()
.
,
.
,
, (, , ,
).

5%, . , ,
. ,
. , ,
(
) . ,
2002 : ,
, - ,
-
, - - .
20-21%.

(Development of the Pan-European Ecological..., 2000),
,
228

(.54) .
, 40

35

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980

1985

1990

1995

1999

.54. .

, ,
.
, .
, , .
,
, .
(, , , ),
75-85%, 14% ( 50,8%), 4%, .

, . , , , , - , - 229

 24. ,
( )

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

40000
10000
3000
35000
2000
5000
5000
3000
90000
5000
8000
2000
50000
12000
10000
10000
22000
312000

- ().
, ,
. . ,
, :
1) ,
;
2) , ;
3) .

(
10 ).
69 .
.
, -
230

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

25. ,
( )

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

,
20000
40000
42000
24000
50000
54000
25000
32000
16000
40000
30000
40000
50000
120000
100000
683000

.


( ), .
. , .
. (1995) (. 24 25).


. , , ,
, .
, (Preston, 1962;
MacArthur & Wilson, 1963; 1967)
.
, ,
.
231

 ,
, .
, ( ) , . ,
, . ,
, , .
, , , , . ,
, ,
().

, , .
.
, , .
, ,
, , , .
, . ,
,
, .
, .

, . ,
, , , . -, - 4 (, , 1998).
,
35 .
5 . 100
, . ( !) 50 , 232

 , .
Lolium perenne, 4
21 .
4 . , ,
(Crithmum maritimum). , , , , , , ,
.
10 55% ,
60% Ononis repens . . , , ,
,
(Salicomia sp.). ,
20 .

(Ophrys sphegodes), .

,
.
,
,

.
-

- -
,
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
, : ,
.
, , (.55). ,
.
, 233

(-,

.)

.55. .

, ( , , , ).
, ,
234

 . -. , ,
, .
- ? , ,

. ,
- (. ),
,
, , , - .
,
.
.
,
(,
), , , . , , , .
, ,
,
, . - .

.
, .
. ,
,
.
.
() , .
,
,
235


() :

.56. .

, , . , , , . , . ,
1990- .
, ,
,

().
, , - , ,
(, ), .
-
, .
,
(. 56):
1) ,
;
2) ;
3) ,
236

 ;
4) .
,

22 1994
177/94-
..

.. ( () 1994, N 48, .430 ).
11 ,
, -

:
1) , , , ,
, ;
2) ,
,
,
;
3) , , , , - -
, , ;
4)
;
5) , ,
,
, ,
( , , ).
.
.
, , . ,
, 237

 .
, ,
. ,
. ,
.

.
-

, . -
. 200
(, 1997). . ,
, .
, 1999
1 . .
,
. , .
. ,
4 . . ,
,
. (2061 ),
, .
22 ,
, ,
.
( 24)
( 18). ,
,
.

4 ( 238

)
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
? ,
, ,
,
. ,

, . , .
, ,
.
, : , . ,
. (, , .). ,
, .
,
( )
.

. (Jungmeier, 1997),
, , :
, . , ,

.
, , .
, ?
.. .. (1982):
;
239

. 57. -
( HBMS).
55 ( Dr. Katalin Trk Ms. Livia
Fodor: Web-site:http://www.ktm.hu/gridbp/biodiver/INDEX.HTM)

240


.....
, . ,
, ,
-, .
(
) .
,
. (1995-1996
)
(, )
.
152 . , 4% ,
. ,
(WorldWideWeb) .
, ,
.

(.57). (HBMS) Phare
HBMP.
BMTS :
1. , .
2. .
3. , .
HBMP 10 . 1
, .
,
, . 290 , 106 , 245 8
.
HBMS , .
HBMS,
(
).
,
241

(Eurosite
Toolkit)

. 58. - .

.
, , .
.
.

. .

242

 . ( )
. ,
.

,
. --

. 59. - (
).

243

 , , .
,
,
. ,
.

, : 1 ; 2

, Grassland Mapping of Slovakia;
; 3
( )
EUROSITE Toolkit for Management Planning,
; 4 , ,
: 1
,
; 2
,
,
(.58).
- - .
: , , .
- :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) .
,
(. 59).
- 244

 (), - -
(, 1997). :
1) - ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) .
-
.

245

 11.
. : ,
, . ( ).

246

247

 . , ,
1943
. 5 1949
. 41 .
1961 ,

.
( )
: , , ,
. ,
.
1970 .
,
1-12 1972
,
,
. ,
.

, ,
.
. ,

.
(1973 , OESD). (2830 ) , - .
(3 1973 ) ,
(
..., 1998). 25
, , . ,
, ( ), ,
, , , 248

 , - -
.

, 19 1979 (), . 1 1982 .
,
, , , , ,
.

.
,
.
:

;
;
,
, ;

.
24 , , 4 . , , , ,
( 1997 ) .
,
-.

, .

,
.
,
.


29 1996 ,

.
249


, ,

.
, ,
. 6 1997 .
534 , 388
101 .
, , , . ,
17 8 1989
, 10 9 1988 .
(, , 2
1971 ) - ,
, (, , , 1973 )
(, , 1979 ).

3 1982 28 1987
12 (Resolution and recommendations, 7th
meeting..., 1999).
, , -
, ,
, , . 1
- , , , , , ,
, , ,
,
6 .
. - , ,
3, , - , , .
,
(UNCED) (--, 1992 ).
, . 114
( , )
250

 . 179 .

. , , , ( , , , , ) (, , -). , , ,
. 125 . . , , .
, ,
(

).
( ),
, , ,
, ,
.
,
, .
. , , , .
,
.

.
, , .
. .
, ,
.
, ,
, :
( ,
1 .).
, 251

 .
9 1993 ( 3
21 1993 ). , - , ,
- . , , , . . , : 1 ,
( ), 2 ,
, 3 ,
.
.
,
,
( 1996 ).
(, )
, .

1970 , 113
,
1983 . .
( ).
,
.
1990 ,
, , ().
, 00 ( , , ,
). -
.
1991
. , ,
252

 (
),
. ,

(
).
.
, . 34 ,
. .

.


, 1993
.
, ,
,
.
. :


;
, ,
, , ;

;

;
;
1993 ;
.
1995
, ( 55 )
253


.
. ,
2015 , : , , , ,
, . , : , , , , , , , , . 2015 , (1996-2000 ) 12
( ), (Pan-European
Biological..., 1998):
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) ;
7) - ;
8) - ;
9) ;
10) ;
11) ;
12) .
.

, ,
, .
( )

( ),
(, , 23-25 1998 ).
254

,
, -
.
( ,
,
. , B
, ,
.
. . . , , , . ,
. .
,
.
,

( ).
,
, ,
, .

.

(, ) ,
, .
6 1999 . ,
, , ,
. ,

,
, ,
. 1
,

255

 .
.
.
. :
-
;
- -;
- ;
- .
,

2000 ,
.
, , , ,
,

.
.
(1909 ),
(Farag, Kocsis-Kupper, 2000).

(, 1954, ).
(1992 )
,
.

, .
:
1)
(, , 1992);
2)
(, , 1994);
3)
256

(, , 1992);
4) ,
, (,
, 1993), .
.


(, 17 1992 ), 17
1999 (, , 18 1999 , 27
.).
,
, ,
. ,
,

,
,
. , , , , .
, , ,
, . ,
,
, , , . ,
. ,
. , . ,
, .
***

257

258

259

 .., .. . -.: ,
1986. -143 .
.. . .: , 1997. -1, 2. -303 191 .
.. // . -1997. -3, 2. -. 1-3.
.. . -.-: - , 2002.-521 .
.. // ..: . , . St.Petersburg (Russia) : ENWL-info Ecological North West Line,
2002. . -19 .
.., .., .. / , , : . -.: , 1985. -310 .
., . . -: , 1987. 210 .
.., .. . -.:
, 1952. -492 .
. -. . ... -.:
, 1977. -434 .
. . -: , 1983.
. -.: , 1995.
. -15 .
., . . - .: , 1986.
-319 .
.., .., .., .. : //
. -1, 1. -1999. -.16-22.
.. - - - // . -1997. -3, 2. -. 4-8.
. -: , 1999. -207
.
..
// .: Ecological and Social-economic
aspects of catastrophic natural phenomena in the Carpathian region. - Pres.
Sci.-Pract. Conf., September 21-24, 1999. -Rakhiv: , 1999. -. 124-130.
., ., ., .
. - . -1997. -5
260

( ). -.5-58.
- . . 25 1992 ., 34. -. 1130-1156.
/ . .. -.: , 1969. -552
.
. -2. -1997. -.83-87.
// .., ..,
.., .., .. -: ., 1976. -351.
. -: -
, 1999. -224 .
. . ... -.: , 1999. -238 .
. - - . - : , 1998.
-180 .
. - . -2001. -211-212 15 2001 . -.3-14. 2768 -III.
., . . - . -.: -, 2001. - .51-54.
IBA (, ). - . . . . -.:
, 1999. -324 .
.. // . . -1986. -5. -.85.
, . -.: , 1998. -20
.

(, 1979 ). -.: , 1998. -76 .
.. . -.: , 1997. -42 .
.. // (). - 2. -1997. .74-82.
.. . - .: , 1983. - 191 .
. - .: , 1994.
-53 .
.. . - .: , 1987. -215 .
. (. ..). - .-.: , 1963.
- 1, 2. -2001 .
261

 ., . / , -// Naturopa. -87. -1998. -. 26.

. -.:
, 2000. -212 .
/
/ . .., ..-. -: , 1997
( ).
1998 // . .. -.: , 1988. -161 .
2000 // .. -.: , 2001. -184 .
. . -.: , 1973. -339 .
.., .., .. Poa-Carex . .:
. - : , 1971. -.71-113.
. ..-. -1. -.-.: , 1964. - 936 .
: . 23-24 1993 . -: , 1993. -162 .
. -: , 1987. -287 .
- ()//
.., .., .. . -: - , 1998. -303 .
- : / .: .. . -.: -, 1999. -240 .
// ( ). -4 (158). - 2002.

,
. - 188/98- 5 1998
( ).

. - 29 2001.
1603. - . -226, 5 2001 (). -.1112.
.. . // (). -1. -1996. -. 8-22.
262

 .., .. (Canis aureus L., 1758)

// .:
. -: Tipografia Centrala,
1999. -. 196-198.
(. ..-). -.: - , 1999. -127 .
.., .., .. ( ). -.:
, 2000. -29 .
.. . - : ., 1973. 432 .
.., .. // .
. -56. -6. -. 643-630.
.. ,
.// . -5,
1. -1999. -.3-9.
7- - , ,
(, 1, 1971) , -, 10-18.05.1999 . -.: , 1999. -261 .
.. ,
. -.: , 1982. -144 .
- . : , 2002. -151 .
.., .., .. ( ). -.:
, 2000. -29 .
. . . . ,
18-19 1985 . -: , 1985. -329 .
. : -. -: . . . -, 1999. 197 .
: . -: , 1993. 353 .
.
// .: . -.: -- , 2000. -.185-187.
. . . . ... -: . .., 1994. - 461 .
.. (.). . -: ., 1969. -239 .
.
263

 , 28-29 1999, . . -.:

, 1999. -72 .
.. - // (). -1. -1996. -. 110-114.
.. // (). -1999. -1, 1. -. 4-7.
/ . .. -.: , 1996. -349 .
.., .. . -.: ,
1985. -175 .
.., .. . - .: . -.: ,
1985. -. 41-50.
ACCT. The Tunis Declaration on the Environment. Premire Confrence des
ministres chargs de lenvironnement des pays ayant en commun lusage du
Franais. -In: First Conference of the Ministers of the Environment of Countries having in common the use of the French language. Agence de coopration culturelle et technique, Tunis, 19-23 April 1991. -Tunis, 1991. -2 p.
AID/NPS. A country study of Venezuela. Legal, regulatory and institutional aspects of environmental and natural resource management in developing countries. AID/NPS Natural Resources Project. -Washington (DC): Agency for
International Development & National Park Service, 1981. -64 p.
Bensted-Smith R., Msangi T.H. Report on the conservation of ecosystems and
genetic resources. Tropical Forestry Action Plan, United Republic of Tanzania. Report for the Forest and Beekeeping Division of the Ministry of Lands
Natural Resources and Tourism. -1989 (unpublished).
Barducci G.. The National Parks of Italy// Nature and National Parks. -62 (16).
-1978. -P.11-12.
Bayer A. Botanika speciln. Velk pirodopis vech tr r. -4. - Praha: Ustr.
nakl. a knihkupectv ucitelstva ceskoslovanskho v Praze, 1937. -1048 p.
Blower J.H., Zon A.P.M. van der. Ujung Kulon National Park management plan
1977-1981. Field report. UNDP/FAO Nature Conservation and Wildlife Management Project INS/73/013. -Bogor: FAO, 1977. -54 p.
Candanedo I., Barborak J.R. DRAFT country report for Panama. -1992. -7 p.
Chatters C., Minters R. Nature Conservation and the National Trust// ECOS. 7, N4. -1986. -P. 24-32.
Chavan S.A. Status of Panther in Gir Sanctuary// Tigerpaper. -1980. -7, N4. P.12-14.
Clark M.R., Dingwall P.R. Conservation of islands in the Southern Ocean. A
discussion document prepared for IUCNs Commission on National Parks
and Protected Areas. -Gland (Switzerland) and Cambridge (UK), IUCN, 1985.
-188 p.
CONAF. La proteccin del patrimonio ecolgico. -Santiago (Chile): Corporacin
264

Nacional Forestal, Ministerio de Agricultura, 1989. -75 p.

Covacevich J. A biogeographically significant new species of Leiolopisma (Scincidae) from north-eastern Queensland// Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. -21. -1984. -P. 401-411.
Covacevich J., McDonald K.R. Frogs and reptiles of tropical and sub-tropical
eastern Australian rainforests: distribution patterns and conservation. In:
Werren G.L., Kershaw, A.P. (Eds). Australian Rainforest Study. -Proceedings
of a workshop on The Past, Present and Future of Australian Rainforests. Brisbane (Australia): Griffith University, 1984.
Cutrera A. European Environmental Yearbook. International Institute for Environmental Studies. -London: DocTer UK Ltd, 1991. -3. -897 p.
DASETT. Nomination of Wet Tropical Rainforests of North-east Australia by
the Government of Australia for inclusion in the World Heritage List. Adelaida: Department of Arts, Sports, the Environment, Tourism and
Territories, 1986. -31 p.
Davis S.D., Droop S.J.M., Gregorson P., Henson L., Leon C.J., Lamlein VillaLobos J., Synge H., Zantovska J. Plants in danger: What do we know? Gland (Switzerland) and Cambridge (UK): IUCN, 1986. -461 p.
DECNT. Rapport national dactivits forestires. Dpartement de lEnvironnement, Conservation de la Nature et Tourisme. Unpublished Report. - 1990.
-38 p.
Development of the Pan-European Ecological Network in the Newly Independent States (NIS)// Committee of experts for the development of the Paneuropean ecological network (STRA-REP). Materials presented by Mr. Moshkalo (Russia). 4 th meeting - Rochefort (Belgium), 20 September 2000. Strasbourg: IUCN, 2000. -16 June 2000. -STRA-REP (99) 15 revised. -40 p.
Dharma Kumar Sinhji. The Gir Lions in Sanctuary// Asia. -1982. -2, N 4. October-December.
Dingwall P.R. New Zealand// In: Country Review 8. -Fourth South Pacific Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas. -Port Vila, Vanuatu, 412 September. South Pacific Commission. -New Caledonia: Noumea, 1989.
-15 p.
Diesener G., Reichholf J., Diesener R. Obojivelnky a plazy. -Bratislava: Ikar,
1997. -288 p.
Die Zukunft unserer Flsse. -Wien: Publ. BMLF, BMUJF&WWF, 1999-2000. 50 p.
Dorst J. Ohrozena prroda. -Praha: Orbis, 1974. -407 p.
Duffey E. National Parks and Reserves of Western Europe. -Macdonald and
Company: London, UK, 1982. -288 p.
Duvall L. The status of biological resources in Morocco, constraints, and options for conserving biological diversity. -Washington: Government of the
United States of America and the US Agency for International Development,
1988. -58 p.
265

Eaux et Forts. Rapport sur les aires protges au Maroc. Paper presented at
the Third Man and Biosphere Meeting on Biosphere Reserves in the Mediterranean and the First IUCN-CNPPA Workshop on Protected Areas in the
North Africa-Middle East Region, 14-19 October 1991. -Tunis, 1991. -18 p.
Environment Council. Whos who in the Environment in England. -London: The
Environment Council, , 1990. -337 p.
FAO. Plan national de lutte contre la dsertification. Projet FAO/TCP/MOR/
4506 (A). -1986. -149 p.
Farag T., Kocsis-Kupper Z. Accidental transbaundary water pollution: principles and provisions of the multilateral legal instruments. -Budapest: WWF,
Hungarian Programme Office, 2000. -72 p.
Finkelstein M. National park dreams// Borealis. -3(2), N10. -1992. -P. 32-42.
Garca R. Los parques nacionales de Venezuela// Encuentros. -6. -1989. -P.1520.
Gattuso J. Native America. Insight Guides. Apa Publications (HK) Ltd. ,1991. 389 p.
Gondelles R. El rgimen de reas protegidas en Venezuela. -Caracas (Venezuela): Banco Consolidado, 1992. -68 p.
Grimmett R.F.A., Jones T.A. Important bird areas in Europe. -1989. -N 9. Cambridge: International Council for Bird Preservation. Technical Publication.
Gutirrez D. Legislacin chilena sobre parques nacionales: uso de los recursos
naturales. In: Amend S. and Amend T. (Eds) Espacios sin Habitantes?
Parques Nacionales de Amrica del Sur. -Caracas (Venezuela): IUCN and
Editorial Nueva Sociedad, 1992. -P. 159-172.
Hadiseputro S., Wardojo W. Status of national parks management in Indonesia.
Regional Expert Consultation on management of protected areas in the AsiaPacific region, 10-14 December. -Bangkok (Thailand): FAO Regional Office, 1990. -7 p.
Hartshorn G.S. Wildlands conservation in Central America. In: Sutton S.L. et
al. (Eds). Tropical Rainforest: ecology and management. Spec. pub. 2. -British Ecological Society. -Oxford (UK): Blackwell Scientific Publications,
1983.
Hummel M. (Ed.). Endangered Spaces, the future for Canadas Wilderness. Toronto (Canada): Key Porter Books, 1989. -288 p.
Hank V., Mazk V. Bunte Welt der Sugetiere. -Praha: Artia, 1979. -352 p.
Hanzk J., Hudec K. Svtem zvat. Ptci. -2 (1). -Praha: Albatros, 1963. -499
s.
Hertzman T., Larsson T. Lake Hornborga, Sweden the return of a bird lake. Wageningen: Wetlands International Publication 50, 1999. -82 p.
Holdridge, L.R. Life zone ecology; revised edition. -San Jos (Costa Rica):
Tropical Science Centre, 1967. -206 p.
Hommel P.W.F.M. Landscape-ecology of Ujung Kulon (West Java, Indonesia).
266

-Wageningen (The Netherlands): Soil Survey Institute, 1987. -206 p.

Hughes R.H., Hughes J.S. Directory of African wetlands. -Gland (Switzerland),
Cambridge (UK/UNEP), Nairobi (Kenya/UNEP-WCMC): IUCN, 1991. P.227-253.
IIED/GOI. A review of policies affecting the sustainable development of forest
lands in Indonesia. -3. Background paper. International Institute for
Environment and Development. -Jakarta: Government of Indonesia, 1985. 142 p.
IUCN. Perspectivas econmicas de los parques nacionales venezolanos. 27
Sesin de trabajo de la Comisin de Parques Nacionales y Areas Protegidas.
-Bariloche (Argentina): CNPPA, 1986. -16 p.
IUCN. Report on the status, the Mediterranean monk seal. -IUCN/UNEP/MMIC/1.3. -IUCN, 1987a.
IUCN. Directory of wetlands of international importance. -Gland (Switzerland)
and Cambridge (UK): IUCN, 1987b.
IUCN. East European Programme. Public Intervention in Pollution Aspects of
Transboundary watercourses and international lakes; European and North
American case studies. IUCN Background Paper for Meeting on the Protection of the Environment Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
-Cambridge (UK): IUCN East European Programme, 1989. -24 p.
IUCN. Protected Areas of the World: A review of national systems. Volume 2:
Palaearctic. Prepared by the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
(UNEP-WCMC). -Gland (Switzerland) and Cambridge (UK): IUCN, 1992.
-28. -556 p.
IUCN. Guidelines for Protected Areas Management Categories. -Cambridge (UK)
and Gland (Switzerland): IUCN, 1994. -261 p.
IUCN. Monitoring the state of conservation of Natural World Heritage Properties. The World Heritage Committee. A report prepared by the World Conservation Union. -IUCN, 1995. -17 p.
IUCN. State of conservation of Natural World Heritage properties. A report prepared for the Bureau of the World Heritage Committee. 21st session, Paris,
23-28th June. -Paris, 1997.
IZCN. Plan de conservation de llphant au Zare. Institut Zarois pour la Conservation de la Nature. Unpublished report. -1991. -91 p.
Johnson L.A.S., Briggs B.G. On the Proteaceae - the evolution and classification of a southern family. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. -70. 1975. -P. 83-182.
Jungmeier M. Ecosystem-monitoring in conservation management selected results of an international survey og 152 national parks// In: Preceedings of
the Research, Conservation, Management Conference. -Aggtelek:
Ksz tette a Lvr Print Ltd., 1997. -1. -P.139-145.
Kazenas V.L. Two new species of the genus Pseudoscolia Radoszkowski (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) from Badkhys reserve (Turkmenistan). -Vestnik Zo267

ologyi. -1995. -29. -P.15-19 (in Russian).

Kikkawa J. Ecological association of birds and vegetation structure in wet tropical
forests of Australia// Australian Journal of Ecology. -7. -1982. -P. 325-345.
Komrek J. Lovy v Karpatech. -Orbis: Praha, 1960. -310 p.
Kun S. An Overview of Canadas National Parks. Paper presented to the 16th
international seminar on national parks and equivalent reserves. -Jasper National Park, 5 August, 1981. -17 p.
Kuresoo R. Ramsari konventsioon ja rahvusvahelise thtsusega mrgalad Eestis. -Kirjastus: ELF, 1998. -31 p.
Larsson T. Nature conservation in Sweden: recent developments and legislative
changes// Biological Conservation. -11. -1977. -P. 129-143.
Lavick H. van. Solo dziki pies afrikanski. -Warszawa: Nasza Ksiegarnia, 1981.
-113 p.
Magyarorszg vrosknyve. -Budapest: Akademia kiado, 1990. -256 s.
Magyar Kzlny (Budapest). -1. -1999.
Madsen B.L. Danish Watercourses Ten Years with the New Watercourse Act/
/ Miljonyt (Ministry of Environment and Energy, Denmark)/ -N 11. -1995. 208 p.
Mankoto ma Mbaelele. Nature conservation in Zare: objectives, priorities, and
strategy. Institut Zarois pour la conservation de la nature. Unpublished report. -1987. -6 p.
Ministero dellAmbiente. Registro delle aree protette Italiane, rubrica dei dati
riassuntivi articolati per regione e per totale nazionale. -Roma: Servizio Conservazione della Natura, Ministero dellAmbiente, 1991. -249 p.
MNR. Class environmental assessment for provincial park management. Special report number one: an invitation to participate. -Huntsville (Ontario,
Canada): Ministry of Natural Resources, 1992. -17 p.
Monteith G.B. Davies V.T. Preliminary account of a survey of arthropods (insects and spiders) along an altitudinal rainforest transect in tropical Queensland. -Unpublished report. -1984.
Morat Ph., Veillon J-M., MacKee H.S. Floristic relationships of New Caledonian
rainforest phanerogams// Telopea. -2. -1986. -P. 631-679.
Morava river floodplain meadows. -Bratislava: Partner Group, 1999. -187
p.
Muntii Maramureului. Database concerning the establishment of biosphere reserve. -Bucurest-Szolnok: Echim, 2000. -91+42 p.
Mwalyosi R.B.B. Tanzania, natural resources expertise profile. Conservation
for Development Centre & International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Gland (Switzerland): IUCN, 1986. -71 p.
Myers P., Green S.N. State Park in a New Era. -Washington: The Conservation
Foundation, 1989.
Napoleone I., Palladino S. Aree naturali protette in Italia: stato delle conoscenze ed esigenze di ricerca// In: Progetto Strategico Clima, Ambiente e Terri268

torio nel Mezzogiorno. -2nd Workshop, 28-30 Maggio, 1990. -S. Marina
Salina (Isole Eolie): Parchi Naturali e Aree Protette, 1990. -18 p.
Nature Protection in Slovakia. Bratislava: Ministry of the Environment of the
Slovak Rep., 1995. -27 p.
NCC. Put nature on the map. Local nature reserves pamphlet. -Peterborough:
Nature Conservancy Council, 1989.
Novcek P., Huba M. Ohrozen planeta. Olomouc: Vydavatelstv UP v Olomouci, 1994. -203 p.
Nzana-Ndoni B. Situation et importance des parcs nationaux du Zare. In: Recueil des textes du sminaire sur la conservation de la nature intgre au
dveloppement rural. Institut Zarois pour la conservation de la nature &
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit, 1986. -P. 1-9.
Ormazbal C. El sistema nacional de reas silvestres de Chile// Flora Fauna y
Areas Silvestres. -1. -1986a. -P. 10-15.
Ormazbal C. Preservacin de recursos fitogenticos in situ a travs de parques
nacionales y otras reas protegidas. Importancia, avances, limitaciones y
proyeccin futura// Boletn Tcnico. N16. -Santiago: Gerencia Tcnica, Corporacin Nacional Forestal, Ministerio de Agricultura, 1986b. -32 p.
Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy// Nature and environment. -1996 . -N 74. - Strasbourg: Counsil of Europe Publ., 1998. -68 p.
Pecina P., epicka A. Kapesni atlas chrnnch ivoichu. - Praha: Sttn pedagogick nakladatelstvi, 1979. -1. -223 p.
Petocz R.G. Conservation and development in Irian Jaya: a strategy for rational
resource utilization. -Leiden (the Netherlands): E.J. Brill, 1989. -18 p.
Poore D., Gryn-Ambroes P. Nature Conservation in Northern and Western Europe. -Gland (Switzerland): UNEP/IUCN/WWF, 1980. -P. 103-116.
Poore D., Poore J. Protected Landscapes: the United Kingdom Experience. Countryside Commission - Countryside Commission for Scotland - Department
of the Environment for Northern Ireland - International Union for the
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. -Gland (Switzerland): IUCN,
1987. -86 p.
Rackham O. Fort de Fontainebleau (Seine-et-Marne). Ancient woodland, its
history, vegetation and uses in England. -Edward Arnold: London, 1980. -P.
303-304.
Ramsar Convention Bureau. Directory of wetlands of international importance.
-Gland (Switzerland): Ramsar Convention Bureau, 1990. -796 p.
RCSQ. Tropical rainforests of North Queensland. Their conservation significance// Special Australian Heritage Publication Series. -N3. -1986. -195 p.
Richards G.C. Ghost bat. In: Strahan R. (Ed.). The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. -Melbourne: Angus & Robertson, 1983.
-P. 292.
Romero A. La experiencia de BIOMA en reas protegidas. In: Presentation at
IV World Parks Congress. -Caracas (Venezuela): Banco Consolidado, 1992.
269

Rubec C.D.A., Turner A., Wiken E.B. Integrated planning for protected areas
and biodiversity assessment in Canada// In: Proceedings of the 3rd National Workshop of the Canadian Society for Landscape Ecology and Management. June 1992. -1992.
Said M.Y., Chunge R.N., Craig G.C., Thouless C.R., Barnes R.F.W., Dublin
H.T. African Elephant Database 1995. -Gland, (Switzerland): IUCN, 1995.
-225 p.
Saussay Ch. du. Legislation on wildlife, hunting and protected areas in some
European countries. Legislative Study (Rome, FAO). -1980. -N 20.
Schmithsen, F. Forest legislation in selected African countries// FAO Forestry
Paper. -65. -1986. -345 p.
Scott D.A. (Ed.). A directory of Asian wetlands. - Gland (Switzerland) and Cambridge (UK): IUCN, 1989. -P. 981-1103.
Stanek V.J. Velk obrazov atlas hmyzu. -Bratislava: Mlad leta, 1977. -554 s.
Stuart S.N., Adams R.J. Biodiversity in sub-saharan Africa and its islands: conservation, management and sustainable use. -Gland (Switzerland ): IUCN,
1990. -P. 204-214.
SWARA. Conservation of the Mara area. SWARA . -1989. -12(2). -P.19.
Szky P. kolgia. -Budapest: Natura, 1990. -152 s.
Terborgh J. Diversity and the Tropical Rainforest// Scientific American Library.
-1992. -P. 207-211.
The Council of Europe and the Environment. Directorate General IV: Education, Culture, Youth and Sport, Environment Directorate of Sustainable
Development. - Strasbourg: Counsil of Europe Publ., 2000. -20 p.
The Danish Nature and Environment Policy 1999. Summary Report. -Copenhagen: Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1999. -54 p.
The state of Canadas Environment// In: Protected areas. Chapter 7. -Government of Canada, 1991.
Thornton I.W.B. (Ed.). 1984 Zoological expedition to the Krakataus. Preliminary report. -Victoria (Australia): Department of Zoology, la Trobe University, 1984. -57 p.
Valencia et al. Sistema de reas de conservacin en Chile. Proposiciones para
un esquema ecolgico integral// Ambiente y Desarrollo. -3, N1, 2. -1987. -P.
139-159.
Verschuren J. The impact of elephants and hippopotamuses on the habitat of the
Virunga National Park, Zaire Chronological evolution of their populations//
Bulletin Institut Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie. -1988a.
-P. 5-16.
Verschuren J. Problmes scientifiques et techniques au parc national des Virunga (Zare). -Administration Gnrale Belge pour la Coopration au Dveloppement & Institut Zarois pour la Conservation de la Nature, 1988b. -135
p.
Veselovk Z. Znamy si tylko z widzenia... -Warszawa: Pastwowe wydawnict270

wo rolnicze i lene, 1975. -207 s.

Voloschuk I. The Pan-European cooperation in Carpathian Mountains Protection// .: Ecological and Social-economic aspects of catastrophic natural
phenomena in the Carpathian region. -Pres. Sci.-Pract. Conf., September 2124, 1999. -Rakhiv: , 1999. -.50-55.
Volocuk I. (Ed.) The National Parks and Biosphere Reserves in Carpathians.
The last Nature Paradises. -Poprad: Tlaiare a vydavatelstvo SLZA, 1999.
-248 p.
WD. Elephant conservation plan in Tanzania. -Dar-es-Saalam: Wildlife Division, Ministry of Tourism, Natural Resources and the Environment, 1991. 152 p.
Webb L.J., Tracey J.G. The rainforests of northern Australia. In: Groves, R.D.
(Ed.). Australian Vegetation. -Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press,
1981. -P. 67-101.
Winter J.W., Bell F.C., Pahl L.I., Atherton R.G. The specific habitats of selected
north-eastern Australian rainforest mammals. Mimeographed report. -Sydney: World Wildlife Fund, 1984.
World Wildlife Report. -April 1981. -Project N 298. Lion, Asiatic, Gir Lion
Sanctuary, India.
Working together with Nature in the Dutch River Region. Co-ordinators: H.
Pruissen, J.v. Rheenen et al. -Arnhem: Dienst Landelijk Gebied, 1999. -75 p.
Zkon NR SR . 287/1994 Z. z. o ochrane prrody a krajiny. - Bratislava: Odbor
ochrany prrody a krajiny, 1994.
Zkler C. Wise Use of Floodplains. Rewiew of river restoration projects in a
number of European countries. -Cambridge: Publ. WWF, 2000. -100 p.
***

271

. 2- ,

( . , 70- XX .).

272

273

- ( 50 . ,
WEB- IUCN)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24..
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.

- -

Dachstein, Salzkammergut
PL-V
Ennstaler-Alpen-Eisenerzer-Alpen
PL-V
Hohe Tauern
NP-V
Karwendel
NP-IV
Neusiedlersee
NP-IV
Ossiacher See-West
PL-V
tscher-Drrenstein
PL-V
Rax-Schneeberg
PL-V
Rottenmanner-Triebener Tauern und Seckauer Alpen PL-V
Schladminger Tauern bis Slkpa
PL-V
Wienerwald
PL-V
Wildalpena Salzatal
NP-IV

Kizil-Agachskiy
NR-Ia

Karaburun/Vlore
MNR-IV

Belowezskaya Pushcha
NP-II
Berezinskiy
Zp-Ia
Braslavskie Ozera
NP-II
Nalibokskiy
Zk-IV
Prypyatskiy
Zp-Ia

Hautes-Fagnes-Eifel
NaP-V

Central Balkan
NP-II
Rila
NP-II
Strandja
NP-V

Assynt-Coigach
NSA-V
Ben Nevis and Glen Coe
NSA-V
Brecon Beacons
NP-V
Cairngorm Mountains
NNR-IV
Chilterns
ANB-V
Cornwall
ANB-V
Cotswolds
ANB-V
Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs
ANB-V
Dartmoor
NP-V
Dorset
ANB-V
Exmoor
NP-V
Forest of Bowland
ANB-V
High Weald
ANB-V
Kent Downs
ANB-V
Lake District
NP-V
Lincolnshire Wolds
ANB-V
Nidderdale
ANB-V
North Pennines
ANB-V
North Wessex Downs
ANB-V
North York Moors
NP-V

274

4734'N/1353'E
4735'N/1436'E
4705'N/1246'E
?
4749'N/1647'E
?
4751'N/1508'E
4746'N/1548'E
4723'N/1432'E
4718'N/1353'E
4809'N/1605'E
4740'N/1502'E

,
54,000
61,990
178,773
54,325
49,606
200,000
80,000
71,500
53,260
52,280
105,000
51,300

1981
1981
1984
1989
1980
1970
1979
1979
1981
1981
1979
1958

3908'N/4900'E

88,360 1929

4019'N/1925'E

20,000 1968

5241'N/2435'E
5438'N/2821'E
5325'N/2705'E
5355'N/2630'E
5159'N/2800'E

87,607
81,023
71,490
85,400
63,458

5029'N/610'E

67,850 1985

4240'N/2443'E
4209'N/2332'E
4203'N/2738'E

73,262 1991
107,924 1992
116,260 1995

5800'N/515'W
5650'N/450'W
5153'N/327'W
?/?
5140'N/040'E
5028'N/443'W
5145'N/200'W
5055'N/200'W
5033'N/354'W
5040'N/230'W
5110'N/400'W
5355'N/230'W
5100'N/025'E
5115'N/045'E
5430'N/300'W
5315'N/010'W
?/?
5445'N/220'W
5120'N/130'W
5422'N/052'W

90,200
101,600
135,100
67,200
83,300
95,800
203,800
98,300
95,400
112,900
69,300
80,200
146,000
87,800
229,200
55,800
60,300
198,300
173,000
143,600

1939
1925
1995
1960
1969

1980
1980
1957
?
1965
1959
1966
1983
1951
1959
1954
1964
1983
1968
1951
1973
1994
1988
1972
1952


44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.

- -

,
Northumberland
NP-V 5516'N/213'W
104,900
Peak District
NP-V 5318'N/145'W
143,800
Pembrokeshire Coast
NP-V 5155'N/457'W
58,400
Shropshire Hills
ANB-V 5225'N/250'W
80,400
Snowdonia
NP-V 5254'N/349'W
214,200
South Lewis, Harris and North Uist
NSA-V 5748'N/651'W
109,600
Sussex Downs
ANB-V 5050'N/030'E
98,300
The Cairngorm Mountains
NSA-V 5708'N/342'W
67,200
Wester Ross
NSA-V 5745'N/512'W
145,300
Yorkshire Dales
NP-V 5420'N/150'W
176,900

Sevan
NP-II 4017'N/4525'E
150,000
()
Greenland
NP-II 8247'N/2223'W 97,200,000
Melville Bay
NR-Ia 7604'N/5855'W 1,050,000

Alonissos-Northern Sporades
MP-II 3917'N/2406'E
100,000
Koziakas Trikalon
CHA-IV 3935'N/2132'E
45,000

Pskhu-Gumista
NR-Ia 4313'N/4105'E
40,819

Bovbjerg-Blvands Huk
NNA-IV
?/?
50,000
Det sydfynske hav
NNA-IV
?/?
80,000
Ls
NNA-IV
?/?
98,300
Limfjorden
NNA-IV
?/?
120,000
Smlandsfarvandet
NNA-IV
?/?
52,500
Vadehavet
MCA-V 5517'N/826'E
73,000
Vadehavet
NNA-IV 5517'N/831'E
110,000
Vadehavet
WR-IV 5517'N/831'E
83,000

Lahemaa
NP-II 5940'N/2548'E
112,011
Matsalu
NPA-IV 5845'N/2338'E
48,640

Hornstrandir
NaR-V 6622'N/2238'W
58,000
M_vatn-Lax
CA-V 6535'N/1700'W 440,000
Skaftafell
NP-II 6402'N/1700'W 160,000

Alt Pallars-Aran
NGR-IV 4239'N/107'W
94,231
Cameros
NGR-IV 4210'N/245'W
92,918
Demanda
NGR-IV 4207'N/306'W
73,819
Doana
NP-II 3659'N/623'W
50,720
Entorno de Doana
NaP-V 3700'N/626'W
54,200
Los Alcornocales
NaP-V 3621'N/532'W
170,025
Montes Universales
NGR-IV 4025'N/140'W
59,260
Picos de Europa
NP-II 4314'N/459'W
64,660
Riao
NGR-IV 4306'N/416'W
73,214
Saja
NGR-IV 4313'N/425'W
180,186
Serra de Tramuntana
NASI-IV 3930'N/314'E
69,947
Sierra de Andujar
NaP-V 3816'N/406'W
60,800
Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche
NaP-V 3753'N/641'W
184,000

275

1956
1951
1952
1959
1951
1980
1966
1980
1980
1954
1978
1974
1977
1992
1992
1976
?
?
?
?
?
1985
?
1979
1971
1976
1987
1974
1984
1966
1973
1973
1969
1989
1989
1973
1995
1966
1966
1991
1989
1989


86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.

- -

Sierra de Baza
NaP-V
Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas
NaP-V
Sierra de Grazalema
NaP-V
Sierra de Hornachuelos
NaP-V
Sierra de la Culebra
NGR-IV
Sierra Nevada
NaP-V
Sierra Norte
NaP-V
Sierra y caones de Guara
NaP-V
Somiedo
NGR-IV
Sonsaz
NGR-IV
Urbin
NGR-IV
Viamala
NGR-IV

Adamello Brenta
RPNP-V
Alpi Apuane
RPNP-V
Aspromonte
NP-II
Delta del Po
RPNP-V
Etna
RPNP-V
Gran Paradiso
NP-II
Monti Sibillini
NP-II
Orobie Bergamasche
RPNP-V
Pollino
NP-V
Sirente Velino
RPNP-V
Stelvio
NP-V
Valle del Ticino (Lombardia)
RPNP-V

Paphos
PGR-IV

Augsdaugava
PL-V
Gauja
NP-V
Northern Vidzeme
RNPC-V

Labanoras
RP-V

Mavrovo
NP-II

De Waddenzee
SNM-VI

Altmuehltal
NaP-V
Augsburg-Westliche Waelder
NaP-V
Bayerische Rhoen
NaP-V
Bayerischer Spessart
NaP-V
Bayerischer Wald
NaP-V
Bergisches Land
NaP-V
Bergstrase Odenwald
NaP-V
Ebbegebirge
NaP-V
Eggegebirge und sudlicher Teutoburger Wald
NaP-V
Elbufer-Drawehn
NaP-V
Fichtelgebirge
NaP-V
Fraenkische Schweiz-Veldensteiner Forst
NaP-V
Frankenhoehe
NaP-V

276

,
3720'N/248'W
52,337
3800'N/245'W
214,300
3631'N/528'W
51,695
3756'N/514'W
67,202
4155'N/622'W
65,891
3704'N/307'W
140,200
3755'N/546'W
164,840
4220'N/015'W
81,350
4310'N/600'W
87,900
4107'N/325'W
68,106
4157'N/246'W
100,023
4236'N/011'W
49,230

1989
1986
1984
1989
1973
1989
1989
1990
1966
1973
1973
1966

4551'N/1021'E
4404'N/1015'E
?/?
4454'N/1226'E
?/?
4512'N/716'E
4256'N/1310'E
?/?
4000'N/1614'E
?/?
4628'N/1037'E
4549'N/856'E

1967
1985
1989
1988
1987
1922
1988
1989
1988
1989
1935
1974

61,864
60,000
78,517
59,118
58,095
70,200
71,437
63,000
192,565
50,000
134,620
90,640

3505'N/3240'E

61,050 1961

5552'N/2700'E
5715'N/2508'E
5745'N/2505'E

52,000 1990
92,000 1973
400,000 1990

5512'N/2545'E

51,000 1992

4140'N/2046'E

73,088 1949

5305'N/525'E

223,030 1981

4858'N/1117'E
4823'N/1038'E
5022'N/1003'E
5001'N/927'E
4902'N/932'E
5101'N/726'E
4941'N/858'E
5106'N/747'E
5147'N/857'E
5308'N/1100'E
5006'N/1159'E
4951'N/1118'E
4922'N/1025'E

290,800
117,500
124,000
171,000
206,800
191,700
162,850
77,736
59,300
75,000
102,800
234,600
110,450

1969
1974
1967
1963
1967
1973
1960
1964
1965
1968
1971
1968
1974


130.
131.
132.
133.
134
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.

- -
Frankenwald
Habichtswald
Harz
Harz
Hassberge
Hessische Rhoen
Hessischer Spessart
Hochtaunus
Hohe Mark
Holsteinische Schweiz
Homert
Kottenforst-Ville
Nassau
Neckartal-Odenwald
Neuruppin-Rheinsberg u.s.w.
Niedersohsisones Wattenmeer
Noerdlicher Oberpfaelzer Wald
Noerdlicher Teutoburger Wald-Wiehengebirge
Nordeifel
Nordfriesisches Wattenmeer
Obere Donau
Oberer Bayerischer Wald
Oberpflzer Wald
Osterzgebirge
Pflzerwald
Rhein-Taunus
Rothaargebirge
Saar-Hunsrueck
Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer
Schwbisch-Frnkischer Wald
Solling-Vogler
Steigerwald
Suedheide
Thuringer Wald
Thuringische Rhon
Weserbergland Schaumburg-Hameln
Wildeshauser Geest

Borgefjell
Forlandet (Svalbard)
Hardangervidda
Jostedalsbreen
Jotunheimen
North-East Svalbard
North-West Spitzbergen (Svalbard)
Ovre Anarjokka
Ovre Dividal
Reisa
Rondane
Saltfjellet
Saltfjellet/Svartisen

277

NaP-V
NaP-V
LPT-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
LPT-V
NP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NR-IV
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
LPT-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
NaP-V
LPT-V
LPT-V
NaP-V
NaP-V

,
5031'N/1133'E
97,170
5120'N/916'E
47,106
?/?
154,700
5147'N/1025'E
95,000
5010'N/1037'E
80,400
5037'N/953'E
70,000
5012'N/920'E
71,000
5020'N/828'E
120,165
5149'N/659'E
104,000
5409'N/1030'E
58,100
5115'N/610'E
55,000
5046'N/650'E
88,122
5021'N/750'E
56,000
4929'N/908'E
129,200
5302'N/1253'E
80,200
5340'N/730'E
240,000
4941'N/1221'E
64,380
5206'N/820'E
121,950
5020'N/630'E
175,116
5436'N/834'E
136,570
4805'N/906'E
85,710
4910'N/1241'E
173,800
4927'N/1225'E
72,385
5046'N/1346'E
55,025
4909'N/807'E
179,800
5010'N/808'E
80,788
5105'N/817'E
135,500
4930'N/650'E
174,650
5430'N/820'E
285,000
4902'N/932'E
90,400
5146'N/932'E
52,750
4945'N/1047'E
128,000
5248'N/1014'E
50,000
?/?
151,613
?/?
61,500
5218'N/815'E
111,626
5256'N/830'E
96,500

1973
1962
1960
1960
1974
1963
1962
1962
1963
1986
1965
1959
1962
1980
1966
1986
1971
1962
1960
1982
1980
1965
1971
1968
1958
1968
1963
1980
1985
1979
1966
1971
1963
1963
1989
1975
1984

NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NR-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
LPA-V
NP-II

6510'N/1355'E
110,650 1963
7830'N/1100'E
215,876 1973
6010'N/745'E
342,200 1981
6137'N/658'E
123,000 1991
6130'N/828'E
115,300 1980
8000'N/2300'E 3,487,867 1973
7940'N/1200'E
669,468 1973
6848'N/2447'E
139,870 1975
6840'N/1956'E
74,280 1971
6913'N/2200'E
80,300 1986
6151'N/946'E
58,010 1962
6640'N/1530'E
50,800 1989
6643'N/1453'E
210,050 1989


180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.

- -

Skaupsjoen/Hardangerjokulen
LPA-V
Soraust Svalbard
NR-Ia
South Spitsbergen (Svalbard)
NP-II
South-East Svalbard (Svalbard)
NR-Ia
Trollheimen
LPA-V

Danube-Drava
NP-V
Hortobagy
NP-II

Biebrzanski
LP-V
Doliny Slupi
LP-V
Drawski
LP-V
Gostyn sko-Wloclawski
LP-V
Inski
LP-V
Lasy Janowskie
LP-V
Mazurski
LP-V
Pogrza Przemyskiego
LP-V
Popradzki
LP-V
Pszczewski
LP-V
Puszcza Knyszynska
LP-V
Tucholski
LP-V
Zespol Jurajskich
LP-V
Zespol Parkow Ponidzia
LP-V
Zespol Swietokrzyskie
LP-V
Zywiecki
LP-V

Montesinho
NaP-V
Peneda-Gers
NP-II
Serra da Estrela
NaP-V
Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentica
NaP-V

Altacheyskiy
Zk-IV
Altaiskiy
Zp-Ia
Amachtonski
Zk-IV
Anadyrskii
Zk-IV
Astrakhanskiy
Zp-Ia
Azas
Zp-Ia
Badzhalsky
Zk-IV
Baikalo-Lenskiy
Zp-Ia
Baikalskiy
Zp-Ia
Bairovsky
Zk-IV
Barguzinskiy
Zp-Ia
Barsovy
Zk-IV
Bashkiriya
NP-II
Bashkirskiy
Zp-Ia
Bastak
Zp-Ia
Birsky
Zk-IV
Bolshoe Tokko
Zk-IV
Bolshoi Arkticheskiy
Zp-Ia
Botchinskiy
Zp-Ia
Bureinskiy
Zp-Ia

278

,
6027'N/738'E
55,100
7750'N/2200'E 1,418,652
7710'N/1600'E
850,367
7750'N/2200'E
638,000
6249'N/913'E
116,050
4559'N/1733'E
4736'N/2106'E

1981
1973
1973
1973
1987

49,479 1996
52,213 1973

5328'N/2234'E
5420'N/1715'E
5338'N/1610'E
5233'N/1924'E
5327'N/1532'E
5037'N/2227'E
5344'N/2135'E
4944'N/2233'E
4927'N/2044'E
5228'N/1544'E
5314'N/2323'E
5341'N/1756'E
5028'N/1940'E
5025'N/2041'E
5057'N/2057'E
4942'N/1912'E

87,474
120,201
63,642
51,344
51,843
62,950
69,219
61,862
78,000
57,587
123,349
52,928
246,276
82,648
100,625
57,587

1989
1981
1979
1979
1982
1984
1977
1991
1987
1986
1988
1985
1980
1986
1988
1986

4154'N/652'W
4157'N/815'W
4027'N/733'W
3738'N/847'W

74,800
70,290
101,060
74,786

1979
1971
1976
1988

5050'N/10700'E
60,000 1984
5111'N/8829'E
812,386 1932
6100'N/16000'E
50,000 ?
6400'N/17300'E 300,000 ?
4600'N/4831'E
66,816 1919
5233'N/9739'E
300,390 1985
?/?
275,000 1973
5420'N/10757'E 659,919 1986
5123'N/10513'E 165,724 1969
?/?
64,800 1959
5424'N/10943'E 374,322 1916
?/?
106,000 1979
5256'N/5645'E
98,400 1986
5324'N/5757'E
49,609 1930
?/?
91,000 1997
?/?
51,600 1957
?/?
265,800 ?
7500'N/11000'E 4,169,222 1993
4809'N/13909'E 267,380 1994
5201'N/13446'E 358,444 1987


227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.

- -
Burkalsky
Cape Loptka
Chaigurgino
Checheno-Ingushsky
Chernye Zemli
Dalnevostochnuy Morskoy
Darvinskiy
Dautsky
Denezhkin Kamen
Dzherginski
Dzhugdzhurskiy
Elizarovsky
Eloguysky
Frolikhinsky
Golovinsky
Ilmenskiy
Iona Island
Kabardino-Balkarskiy
Kandalakshskiy
Kanozersky
Karaginskii
Katunskiy
Kavkazskiy
Kenozyerskiy
Kharpinsky
Khekhtsirsky
Khingano-Arkharinskiy
Khinganskiy
Kirzinsky
Kizhsky
Komandorskiy
Komsomolskiy
Kronotskiy
Kunovatsky
Kurilskiy
Kursky
Kuznetskiy Alatau
Laplandskiy
Lazovskiy
Lebediny
Magadanskiy
Malaya Sosva
Maluy Abakan
Malyi Abakan
Mekletinsky
Meshchera
Mesherskiy
Mshinskoe Boloto
Murmanskaya Tundra
Muromsky
Nadymsky

279

Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zp-IV
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zp-II
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
NP-II
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
NP-II
NP-II
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV

,
?/?
195,700
5100'N/15630'E 500,000
?/?
2,375,000
?/?
70,000
4613'N/4301'E
149,483
4243'N/13130'E
64,300
5832'N/3748'E
112,630
?/?
74,900
6029'N/5933'E
78,200
5512'N/11135'E 237,806
5630'N/13800'E 859,956
?/?
76,700
?/?
747,600
?/?
109,200
?/?
50,000
5505'N/6014'E
30,380
5630'N/14300'E
50,000
4300'N/4327'E
81,507
6845'N/3729'E
70,527
?/?
65,700
5800'N/16330'E 200,000
4936'N/8559'E
150,079
4331'N/3952'E
280,335
6159'N/3812'E
139,200
?/?
163,900
?/?
102,000
?/?
48,800
4926'N/12936'E
94,583
?/?
119,800
?/?
50,000
5500'N/16634'E 3,648,679
4959'N/13728'E
64,278
5442'N/16050'E 1,142,000
?/?
220,000
4352'N/14530'E
65,400
?/?
172,700
5435'N/8809'E
412,900
6759'N/3200'E
278,436
4308'N/13356'E 120,024
?/?
400,000
5912'N/15521'E 883,805
6158'N/6407'E
225,562
?/?
97,829
5200'N/8918'E
119,000
?/?
102,500
5504'N/4005'E
118,800
5535'N/4013'E
103,000
?/?
60,400
?/?
295,000
?/?
62,700
?/?
564,000

1978
?
1983
1971
1990
1978
1945
?
1991
1992
1990
1982
?
1976
1968
1920
?
1976
1932
1980
?
1991
1924
1991
1979
1959
1958
1963
1958
1973
1993
1963
1934
1976
1984
?
1989
1930
1957
?
1982
1976
1993
1982
?
1992
1992
1982
1987
1967
?


278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
314.
315.
316.
317.
318.
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
325.
326.
327.
328.

- -
Nenetsky
Nizhne-Obsky
Norsky
Okskiy
Oldzhikansky
Olekminskiy
Olyutorskiy
Orlovskoe Poles'e
Ostrov Vrangelya
Paanayarvi
Pechoro-Ilychskiy
Poronaiskiy
Pribaikalskiy
Prielbrussky
Putoransky
Ratmanovskiy
Remdovsky
Rousskiy Sever
Samarskaya Luka
Sarpinskiy
Sayano-Shushenskiy
Sebezhskiy
Severo-Kurilskiy
Severo-Sakchalinskiy
Severozemelsky
Shorskiy
Sikhote-Alinskiy
Smolenskoe Pohozerye
Sochinskiy
Sokhondinskiy
Sovetskiy
Sredne Kurilskiy
Stepnoy
Surskiy
Taganai
Taimyrskiy
Teberdinskiy
Tlyaratinskiy
Topholarsky
Tsasucheiskiy Bor
Tsentral'noe Priochotie
Tsentralno-Sibirskiy
Tumninskiy
Tungusskiy
Tunkinskiy
Tyumenskiy
Udyl
Ugra
Ust-Lenskiy
Ust-Vilyuiskiy
Valdaiskiy

280

Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
NP-II
Zp-Ia
NP-II
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
NP-II
NP-II
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
NP-II
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
NP-II
Zp-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
NP-II
Zp-Ia
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
NP-II
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
NP-II
Zp-Ia
Zk-IV
NP-II

,
?/?
440,000
?/?
128,000
?/?
213,600
5446'N/4046'E
55,722
?/?
159,700
5847'N/12215'E 847,102
6030'N/16800'E
90,000
5319'N/3528'E
77,745
7123'N/17543'
795,650
6619'N/3020'E
103,300
6153'N/5701'E
721,322
4908'N/14416'E
56,700
5335'N/10730'E 418,000
4318'N/4235'E
100,400
6850'N/9407'E 1,887,300
5130'N/14330'E
50,000
?/?
64,900
5952'N/3831'E
166,400
5318'N/4942'E
128,000
?/?
195,900
5214'N/9158'E
390,368
?/?
50,000
5000'N/15430'E 200,000
5330'N/14230'E 100,000
?/?
421,700
5258'N/8816'E
418,200
4510'N/13641'E 349,950
5535'N/3200'E
146,200
4335'N/4010'E
189,600
4945'N/11101'E 210,985
?/?
100,500
4800'N/15300'E 1,000,000
?/?
75,000
?/?
22,200
5521'N/6000'E
56,400
7730'N/8224'E 1,781,900
4321'N/4142'E
84,996
?/?
83,500
?/?
132,700
?/?
57,000
5600'N/13700'E 100,000
6215'N/9047'E
972,017
?/?
143,100
?/?
250,000
5137'N/10204'E 1,183,700
?/?
53,600
?/?
100,400
?/?
54,000
7210'N/12729'E 1,433,000
?/?
101,600
5756'N/3312'E
158,513

1967
1987
1968
1935
1987
1984
?
1994
1976
1992
1930
1988
1986
1986
1988
?
?
1992
1984
?
1976
1996
?
?
1996
1989
1935
1992
1983
1973
1968
?
1977
1969
1991
1979
1936
1957
1971
1982
?
1985
1987
?
1991
1958
1988
1996
1985
?
1990


329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
346
.347.
348.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.
372.
373.
374.

- -

Vaspukholskiy
Zk-IV
Verkhne-Kondinskiy
Zk-IV
Verkhne-Tazovskiy
Zp-Ia
Visherskiy
Zp-Ia
Vitimskiy
Zp-Ia
Vodlozerskiy
NP-II
Yuganskiy
Zp-Ia
Yugyd Va
NP-II
Yuzhno-Kamchatskiy
Zk-IV
Yuzhno-Sakchalinskiy
Zk-IV
Yuzhno-Uralskiy
Zp-Ia
Zabaikalskiy
NP-II
Zapadno-Kamtchatskiy
Zk-IV
Zeyskiy
Zp-Ia
Zjuratkul
NP-II

Danube Delta
BRN-II
Domogled-Valea Cernei
NP-II
Retezat
NP-II
Rodna
NP-II

Ceske stredohori
PLA-V
Horna Orava
PLA-V
Kysuce
PLA-V
Male Karpaty
PLA-V
Nizke Tatry
NP-II
Stiavnicke vrchy
PLA-V
Tatransky
NP-II
Velka Fatra
PLA-V
Vychodne Karpaty
PLA-V

Triglavski
NP-II

Azovo-Sivashskiy
NP-II
Azovo-Sivashskoye
HR-IV
Chernomorskiy
BR-Ia
Karpatskiy
BR-Ia
Karpatskiy
NP-II
Podolskie Tovtry
NP-II

Hammastunturi
WA-VI
Kaldoaivi
WA-Ia
Ksivarsi
WA-Ia
Kevo
SNR-Ia
Lemmenjoki
NP-II
Muotkatunturi
WA-VI
Paistunturi
WA-VI
Pallas-Ounastunturi
NP-IV
Pyrisjrvi
WA-VI
Pulju
WA-VI
Sammuttijnk-Vaijoenjnk
PM-IV

281

,
?/?
93,200
?/?
241,600
6237'N/8404'E
631,308
6106'N/5901'E
241,200
5715'N/11657'E 585,021
6255'N/3656'E
404,700
6005'N/7406'E
622,886
6441'N/5857'E 1,891,701
?/?
225,000
4600'N/14130'E 200,000
5429'N/5759'E
254,914
5350'N/10837'E 1,890,700
5700'N/15700'E 100,000
5403'N/12705'E
99,400
5448'N/5902'E
86,800

?
1968
1986
1991
1982
1991
1982
1994
1983
?
1978
1994
?
1963
1993

4456'N/2856'E
?/?
4522'N/2250'E
?/?

580,000
60,100
54,400
56,700

1991
1982
1935
1990

5040'N/1415'E
4923'N/1924'E
4923'N/1859'E
4830'N/1722'E
4857'N/1957'E
4825'N/1851'E
4909'N/1957'E
4859'N/1908'E
4903'N/2222'E

107,113
70,333
65,462
65,504
81,095
77,630
74,111
60,610
66,810

1976
1979
1984
1976
1978
1979
1948
1973
1977

4623'N/1351'E
4613'N/3512'E
4613'N/3512'E
4543'N/3154'E
4755'N/2435'E
4808'N/2424'E
4956'N/2630'E
6831'N/2637'E
6942'N/2804'E
6905'N/2130'E
6935'N/2639'E
6838'N/2539'E
6910'N/2619'E
6948'N/2638'E
6810'N/2355'E
6837'N/2406'E
6818'N/2443'E
6928'N/2744'E

83,807 1924
52,154
57,430
87,343
57,880
50,303
261,316

1993
1957
1927
1968
1980
1996

182,000 1991
294,000 1991
221,000 1991
71,200 1956
286,000 1956
157,000 1991
157,000 1991
49,600 1938
128,000 1991
61,000 1991
51,800 1988


375.
376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
387.
388.
389.
390.
391.
392.
393.
394
395.
396.
397.
398.
399.
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.
421.
422.

- -

Tarvantovaara
WA-VI
Urho Kekkonen
NP-IV
Vtsri
WA-VI

Armorique
RNP-V
Ballons des Vosges
RNP-V
Brenne
RNP-V
Brotonne
RNP-V
Camargue
RNP-V
Cvennes
NP-V
Chartreuse
RNP-V
Corse
RNP-V
Ecrins
NP-II
Fort d'Orient
RNP-V
Grands Causses
RNP-V
Haut Languedoc
RNP-V
Haut-Jura
RNP-V
Landes de Gascogne
RNP-V
Livradois-Forez
RNP-V
Loire Anjou Touraine
RNP-V
Lorraine
RNP-V
Luberon
RNP-V
Lucifer-Dekou-Dekou
ISBR-Ia
Marais du Cotentin et du Bessin
RNP-V
Massif des Bauges
RNP-V
Mercantour
NP-II
Montagne de Reims
RNP-V
Morvan
RNP-V
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
RNP-V
Normandie-Maine
RNP-V
Pilat
RNP-V
Queyras
RNP-V
Vanoise
NP-II
Vercors
RNP-V
Vexin Franais
RNP-V
Volcans d'Auvergne
RNP-V
Vosges du Nord
RNP-V

Lonjsko polje
NaP-V
Velebit
NaP-V

Beskydy
PLA-V
Bile Karpaty
PLA-V
Ceske stredohori
PLA-V
Jeseniky
PLA-V
Krivoklatsko
PLA-V
Slavkovsky les
PLA-V
Sumava
NP-II
Sumava
PLA-V
Trebonsko
PLA-V
Zdarske vrchy
PLA-V

282

,
6833'N/2254'E
67,000 1991
6812'N/2802'E
253,700 1983
6908'N/2821'E
155,000 1991
4820'N/400'W
4748'N/650'E
4630'N/100'E
4932'N/035'E
4328'N/433'E
4405'N/350'E
4517'N/552'E
4205'N/855'E
4450'N/620'E
4818'N/421'E
4405'N/258'E
4330'N/243'E
4622'N/544'E
4423'N/050'W
4550'N/333'E
4713'N/001'E
4850'N/600'E
4345'N/529'E
?/?
4910'N/130'W
4541'N/608'E
4412'N/703'E
4915'N/400'E
4709'N/407'E
5027'N/320'E
4830'N/050'W
4525'N/440'E
4445'N/647'E
4522'N/657'E
4500'N/520'E
4907'N/154'E
4523'N/238'E
4855'N/735'E

172,000
280,000
167,200
58,000
85,000
91,279
63,000
332,500
91,800
70,000
315,640
145,000
75,675
290,000
300,000
260,000
200,000
142,000
110,300
120,000
83,000
68,500
50,000
196,120
146,000
224,880
62,280
60,000
52,839
172,240
65,670
393,000
119,175

1969
1989
1989
1974
1970
1970
1995
1972
1973
1970
1995
1973
1986
1970
1986
1996
1974
1977
1995
1991
1995
1979
1976
1970
1986
1975
1974
1977
1963
1970
1995
1977
1975

4530'N/1700'E
4430'N/1530'E

50,650 1990
150,000 1981

4927'N/1818'E
4855'N/1740'E
5035'N/1407'E
5007'N/1711'E
5001'N/1351'E
5005'N/1244'E
4900'N/1349'E
4855'N/1351'E
4901'N/1449'E
4940'N/1559'E

117,319
71,291
106,356
73,689
63,346
61,896
68,520
99,752
70,695
70,881

1973
1980
1976
1969
1978
1974
1991
1963
1979
1970


423.
424.
425.
426.
427.
428.
429.
430.
431.
432.
433.
434.
435.
436.
437.
438.
439.
440.

- -

Berner Hochalpen & Aletsch-Bietschhorn-Gebiet LPA-V

Hotagen
NR-Ia
Langfjallet
NR-IV
Lngfjllet
NR-Ia
Marsfjllet
NR-Ia
Muddus
NP-II
Padjelanta
NP-II
Prllven
NR-IV
Pessinki
NR-Ia
Rogen
NR-IV
Salvorev-Kopparstenar
NR-IV
Sarek
NP-II
Sjaunja
NR-Ia
Stora Sjfallet
NP-V
Udtja
NR-Ia
Vldalen
NR-Ia
Vindelfjllen
NR-IV

Djerdap (Serbia)
NP-IV

4630'N/800'E
64 08'N/14 35'E
?/?
62 06'N/12 32'E
65 07'N/15 40'E
66 56'N/20 09'E
67 23'N/16 52'E
66 48'N/18 08'E
67 55'N/22 45'E
62 19'N/12 32'E
58 14'N/19 22'E
67 17'N/17 39'E
67 31'N/19 15'E
67 33'N/18 02'E
66 20'N/19 12'E
63 07'N/12 47'E
66 00'N/15 49'E
4434'N/2215'E

,
42,866 1983
113,000
51,705
69,000
86,000
49,340
198,400
58,050
51,500
48,500
62,000
197,000
285,000
127,800
150,000
117,500
550,854

1993
1973
1992
1988
1942
1962
1988
1988
1976
1987
1909
1986
1909
1995
1988
1974

63,500 1974

. ,
. ANB - Area of Outstanding
Natural Beauty; NR - Managed Nature Reserve; NP - National Park; NaP
- Nature Park; NNR - National Nature Reserve; PL - Protected Landscape;
NR Nature Reserve; HR - Hunting Reserve; BR - Biospheric Reserve; Zk
Zakaznik; Zp Zapovednik; NaP Nature park; FR - Forest Reserve; PR
- Private Reserve; WS - Wildlife Sanctuary; PGR - Permanent Game Reserve;
PLA - Protected Landscape Area; MCA - Major Conservation Area; NNA National Nature Area; WR - Wildlife Reserve; NPA - Nature Protection Area;
PM - Protected Mire; SNR - Strict Nature Reserve; WA - Wilderness Area;
ISBR - Integral State Biological Reserve; RNP - Regional Nature Park; LPA
- Landscape Protection Territory;CHA - Controlled Hunting Area; MP Marine Park; CA - Conservation Area; NaR - nature Reserve;RPNP Regional/Provincial Nature Park; RNPC - Regional Nature Protection
Complex; PL - Protected Landscape; RP - Regional Park; SNM - State
Natural Monument; LPA - Landscape Protection (or Protected) Area; LP Landscape Park; BRN - Biosphere Reserve National; PLA - Protected
Landscape Area; NGR - National game Reserve; NASI - Nature Area of
Special Interest; NSA - National Scenic Area

283

Ajar Valley
WR-IV
Band-e Amir
NP-II
Pamir-i-Buzurg
WR-IV
--C
Ulu Temburong
NP-II

Black Mountain
NP-II
Jigme Dorji
NP-II
Kulong Chu
WS-IV
Royal Manas
NP-II
Sakteng
WS-IV
Thrumsing La
NP-II
Torsa
SNR-Ia

Muong Nhe
NR-IV
Vu Quang
NR-IV
Xuan Nha
NR-IV
Yok Don
NP-II

Har Ha-Negev
NR-IV
Mazoq Ha-Zinim
NR-IV

Achanakmar
S-IV
Anamalai
S-IV
Andhari
S-IV
Balaram-Ambaji
S-IV
Bandipur
NP-II
Bhimbandh
S-IV
Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple
S-IV
Bori
S-IV
Campbell Bay
NP-II
Changthang
S-IV
Corbett
NP-II
Dampa
S-IV
Desert
NP-II
Dibang Valley
S-IV
Eturnagaram
S-IV
Gangotri
NP-II
Ghatigaon Great Indian Bustard
S-IV
Gir
S-IV
Govind Pashu Vihar
S-IV
Great Himalayan
NP-II
Great Indian Bustard
S-IV
Gundla Brahmeswaram
S-IV
Hastinapur
S-IV
Hemis
NP-II
Indravati
NP-II
Kachchh Desert
S-IV
Kaimur
S-IV

- -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.

284

3640'N/6737'E
3450'N/6713'E
3710'N/7300'E

40,000 1978
41,000 1973
67,938 1978

427'N/11511'E

48,859 1991

2714'N/9022'E
2755'N/8942'E
2743'N/9127'E
2651'N/9046'E
2717'N/9156'E
2722'N/9058'E
2721'N/8904'E

130,000
390,000
125,000
97,500
61,000
74,800
64,400

1993
1993
1993
1988
1993
1993
1993

2217'N/10226'E
1819'N/10522'E
2041'N/10443'E
1250'N/10740'E

182,000
55,900
60,000
58,200

1986
1986
1986
1988

3103'N/3444'E
?/?

104,900 1989
63,200 1989

2227'N/8144'E
1026'N/7701'E
2017'N/7929'E
2422'N/7242'E
1141'N/7634'E
2500'N/8618'E
1145'N/7700'E
2223'N/7807'E
07'N/9345'E
3348'N/7834'E
2933'N/7854'E
2336'N/9222'E
2629'N/7046'E
2904'N/9547'E
1822'N/8020'E
3108'N/7903'E
2609'N/7757'E
2108'N/7050'E
3108'N/7813'E
50'N/7726'E
1927'N/7353'E
1530'N/7755'E
2932'N/7808'E
3346'N/7723'E
1909'N/8030'E
2407'N/7025'E
2452'N/8343'E

55,155
84,149
50,927
54,208
87,420
68,190
53,952
51,825
42,623
400,000
52,082
50,000
316,200
414,900
80,300
239,000
51,200
115,342
95,312
62,000
849,644
119,400
207,300
335,000
125,837
750,622
134,222

1975
1976
1986
1989
1974
1976
1974
1977
1992
1987
1936
1985
1981
1991
1953
1991
1981
1965
1954
1984
1979
?
1986
1981
1978
1986
1978

0 1978
0 1973
8 1978

9 1991

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1993
1993
1993
1988
1993
1993
1993

0
0
0
0

1986
1986
1986
1988

0 1989
0 1989

5
9
7
8
0
0
2
5
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
4
0
0
0
7
2
2

1975
1976
1986
1989
1974
1976
1974
1977
1992
1987
1936
1985
1981
1991
1953
1991
1981
1965
1954
1984
1979
?
1986
1981
1978
1986
1978

,
S-IV
2439'N/8327'E
50,075 1982
Kamlang
S-IV
2744'N/9639'E
78,300 1989
Kanha
NP-II 2209'N/8040'E
94,000 1955
Karakoram
S-IV
3443'N/7726'E
500,000 1993
Kawal
S-IV
1913'N/7849'E
89,300 1965
Kaziranga
NP-II 2640'N/9324'E
43,000 1974
Kedarnath
S-IV
3045'N/7904'E
95,700 1972
Khangchendzonga
NP-II 2737'N/8816'E
178,400 1977
Kudremukh
NP-II 1316'N/7510'E
60,032 1987
Kumbhalgarh
S-IV
2434'N/7353'E
57,825 1971
Melghat
S-IV
2130'N/7715'E
159,723 1985
Mundanthurai
S-IV
838'N/7716'E
56,738 1962
Nagarahole (Rajiv Gandhi)
NP-II 1201'N/7608'E
64,339 1955
Nagarjunasagar Srisailam
S-IV
1630'N/7923'E
356,800 1978
Namdapha
NP-II 2731'N/9637'E
198,524 1983
Nanda Devi
NP-Ia 3025'N/7951'E
63,033 1982
National Chambal
S-IV
2643'N/7843'E
63,500 1979
Noradehi
S-IV
2327'N/7912'E
103,452 1975
North Simlipal
NP-II 2158'N/8559'E
84,570 1980
Pakhal
S-IV
1756'N/8004'E
86,000 1952
Pakhui
S-IV
2714'N/9251'E
86,195 1977
Palamau
S-IV
2340'N/8408'E
76,700 1976
Pin Valley
NP-II
02'N/7753'E
67,500 1987
Rajaji
NP-II 2957'N/7812'E
82,003 1988
Ranthambore
NP-II
25-33'N/76-32'E
133,400 1983
Ratapani
S-IV
2307'N/7741'E
68,679 1976
Sanjay
NP-II 2342'N/8219'E
193,801 1981
Satkosia Gorge
S-IV
2034'N/8456'E
79,552 1976
Satpura
NP-II 2230'N/7811'E
52,437 1981
Schoolpaneshwar
S-IV
2146'N/7344'E
60,770 1982
Simlipal
S-IV
2152'N/8620'E
220,000 1979
Sitanadi
S-IV
2010'N/8156'E
55,336 1974
Sunabeda
S-IV
2027'N/8232'E
60,000 1988
Sundarbans
NP-Ia 2142'N/8853'E
133,010 1984
Valmikinagar
S-IV
2718'N/8355'E
54,454 1978
Wild Ass
S-IV
2325'N/7115'E
495,370 1973

Bajang Air Tarusan (Utara)

PF-VI
Sumatra
81,865 ?
Bali Barat
NP-II
812'S/11435'E
77,727 1982
Banyuwangi
GR-IV 840'S/11425'E
62,000 1919
Barisan I
PF-VI
Sumatra
75,061 1920
Barru
PF-VI
Sulawesi
80,000 1961
Batang Marangin Barat/Menjuta Hulu
PF-VI
Sumatra
64,600 1926
Batang Palangki
PF-VI
Sumatra
52,344 1921
Berbak
NP-II
127'S/10419'E
162,700 1935
Bifemenesi Senmahele
PF-VI Lesser Sunda Islands 111,466 1978
Biru
PF-VI
Sulawesi
61,250 1960
Biruan Selatan
PF-VI
Sumatra
98,250 1930
Bogani Nani Wartabone
NP-II
Sulawesi
287,115 1991
Bromo Tengger Semeru
NR-II 757'S/11258'E
58,000 1982
Bukit Baka - Bukit Raya
NP-II
043'S/11240'E
181,090 1992

- -
45. Kaimur
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.

285

 - -
95. Bukit Barisan Selatan
96.
97.
98.
99
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.

Bukit Batutenobang
Bukit Kambune Kalaena, Parupu & Tamboko
Bukit Perai
Bukit Rongga
Bukit Sanggul
Bukit Soeharto
Bukit Tigah Puluh
Bunaken
Bungku Selatan
Bunta
Buton Utara
D. Matano/D. Towuti
Danau Bian
Danau Towuti
Enarotali
Foja
Gn Besar
Gn Ketungau Timur
Gn Lumut
Gn Melawi
Gn Rinjani
Gn Saih
Gn Sepauk
Gunung Bentuang
Gunung Gedang Seblat
Gunung Leuser
Gunung Lorentz
Gunung Niut Penrisen
Gunung Niut Penrisen
Gunung Palung
Gunung Patah/Bepagut/Muara Duakisim
Gunung Sumbing/Masurai
Gunung Tunggal
Hulu Bintuanan Complex
Hutan Sinlah
Jayawijaya
Kambang/Batanghari I/Bayang
Kampang
Kayan Mentarang
Kepulauan Aru Tenggara
Kepulauan Karimata
Kepulauan Karimun Jawa
Kepulauan Raja Empat
Kepulauan Seribu
Kepulauan Togian
Kepuluan Take Bone Rate
Kerinci Seblat
Kerumutan
Komodo
Korokonto

286

NP-II
508'S/10404'E
PF-VI 017'N/11317'E
PF-VI
Sulawesi
PF-VI 109'S/11111'E
PF-VI 035'S/11106'E
PF-VI
Sumatra
RP-V
103'S/11700'E
NP-II
Sumatra
NP-II 141'N/12442'E
PF-VI
Sulawesi
PF-VI
Sulawesi
GR-IV 439'S/12255'E
PF-VI
Sulawesi
GR-IV 721'S/14023'E
RP-V
246'S/12131'E
NR-Ia 353'S/13619'E
GR-IV 300'S/13802'E
PF-VI Lesser Sunda Islands
PF-VI
Kalimantan
PF-VI
Sulawesi
PF-VI
Kalimantan
PF-VI Lesser Sunda Islands
PF-VI
Kalimantan
PF-VI
Kalimantan
NP-II 111'N/11338'E
PF-VI
Sumatra
NP-II
339'N/9732'E
NR-II 450'S/13647'E
GR-IV 052'N/11004'E
GR-IV 052'N/11004'E
NP-II
109'S/11013'E
PF-VI 418'S/10328'E
PF-VI
Sumatra
PF-VI 007'S/11036'E
PF-VI
Sumatra
PF-VI
Sumatra
GR-IV 415'S/14005'E
PF-VI
Sumatra
PF-VI
Sumatra
NP-II
Kalimantan
NR-Ia 646'S/13434'E
NR-Ia 137'S/10849'E
NR-II 548'S/11024'E
GR-IV
?/?
NR-II 532'S/10633'E
NR-Ia 020'S/12205'E
NR-Ia 630'S/12108'E
NP-II
146'S/10105'E
GR-IV 003'S/10228'E
NP-II
836'S/11934'E
PF-VI
Sulawesi

,
365,000 1982
883,000 ?
360,000 1978
100,000 ?
110,000 ?
55,915 1932
61,850 1991
127,698 ?
89,065 1989
118,000 1963
73,250 1961
82,000 1979
151,000 1978
69,390
65,000 1979
300,000 1980
1,018,000
75,374 1965
60,000 1948
61,750 1963
320,000 1948
66,200 1929
212,000 1948
74,000 1948
800,000 1992
98,000 1932
792,675 1980
2,505,000 1997
180,000 1982
180,000 1982
90,000 1990
91,655 1936
300,000 ?
50,830 ?
76,745 1939
81,000 ?
800,000
100,000 ?
60,150 1921
1,360,500 1996
114,000 1991
77,000 1985
111,625 1986
60,000
108,000 1982
100,000 1989
530,765 1992
1,368,000 1982
120,000 1979
173,500 1980
61,000 1963


0 1982
0 ?
0 1978
0 ?
0 ?
5 1932
0 1991
8 ?
5 1989
0 1963
0 1961
0 1979
0 1978
0
0 1979
0 1980
0
4 1965
0 1948
0 1963
0 1948
0 1929
0 1948
0 1948
0 1992
0 1932
5 1980
0 1997
0 1982
0 1982
0 1990
5 1936
0 ?
0 ?
5 1939
0 ?
0
0 ?
0 1921
0 1996
0 1991
0 1985
5 1986
0
0 1982
0 1989
5 1992
0 1982
0 1979
0 1980
0 1963

- -
146. Kota Agung Utara
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.

Kruang Aseh Selatan Timur

Kutai
Lae b Tumbagi
Latimojong Palopa
Laut Taka Bonerate
Lembah Anai (Extension)
Lembah Gumonti
Lhokseumawe Selatan
Lhoksukon Selatan
Lingga Isaq
Lore Lindu
Majene
Mamasa
Manusela
Maranjongi
Merangin Barat dan Nunjuta Ulu
Meru Betiri
Misool Selatan
Morowali
Moutong
Muara Kaman Sedulang
Mutistimau
Ngada Welomerah
Nulu Kapuas
Nulu Kerian
Padang Sugihan
Paraduan Gistana & Surroundings
Pegunungan Arfak
Pegunungan Feruhumpenai
Pegunungan Latimojong
Ponre
Praingaha Takungada
Pulau Bunaken
Pulau Dolok
Pulau Waigeo
Rawa Aopa Watumohai
Riam Kanan
Rongkong/Karama
Salawati Utara
Sangir Ulu /Batang Tebo/Batang Tabir
Sei Embaloh
Sei Mandak
Sei Nulu Mandai
Sei Pinoh
Sei Sibau
Selah Legium Complex PrFo (Sumbawa Is.)
Selalu Selala
Serbolangit
Siberut
Siranggas

287

PF-VI
PF-VI
NP-II
PF-VI
PF-VI
NP-II
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
HP-VI
NP-II
PF-VI
PF-VI
NP-II
PF-VI
PF-VI
NR-II
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
PF-VI
NR-Ia
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
GR-IV
PF-VI
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
NR-Ia
GR-IV
NR-Ia
NP-II
PF-VI
PF-VI
NR-Ia
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
PF-VI
NP-II
GR-IV

,
Sumatra
102,110 1935
Sumatra
75,227 1932
023'N/11716'E
198,629 1982
Lesser Sunda Islands
71,740 1978
Sulawesi
58,000 1940
Sulawesi
530,765 ?
Sumatra
96,002 1922
Sumatra
81,961 1921
Sumatra
52,250 1939
Sumatra
55,250 1940
421'N/9712'E
80,000 1978
131'S/12010'E
229,000 1982
Sulawesi
70,000 1961
Sulawesi
178,000 1949
310'S/12929'E
189,000 1982
Sulawesi
105,000 1963
Sumatra
64,600 1926
827'S/11351'E
50,000 1982
155'S/13003'E
84,000 1982
135'S/12130'E
225,000 1986
Sulawesi
53,000 1960
011'N/11645'E
62,500 1976
Lesser Sunda Islands
183,000 1974
Lesser Sunda Islands
55,950 1932
Kalimantan
397,000 1947
Kalimantan
120,000 1947
257'S/10512'E
75,000 1983
443'S/10353'E
70,000 1936
113'S/13402'E
68,325 ?
222'S/12103'E
90,000 1979
329'S/12002'E
58,000 1940
Sulawesi
64,500 1949
Lesser Sunda Islands
66,875 1965
142'N/12446'E
75,265 1986
809'S/13813'E
600,000
013'S/13032'E
153,000 1982
427'S/12201'E
105,194 1989
Kalimantan
90,147 1975
Sulawesi
174,450 1963
100'S/13048'E
57,000 1982
Sumatra
61,200 1926
Kalimantan
250,000 1947
Kalimantan
80,000 1947
Kalimantan
167,000 1947
Kalimantan
166,800 1949
Kalimantan
120,000 1947
900'S/11658'E
50,000 ?
Lesser Sunda Islands
49,981 1937
Sumatra
54,446 1939
117'S/9845'E
190,500 1992
233'N/9812'E
5,657 1934


PF-VI
Sultan Adam
GFP-VI
Sumpur II
PF-VI
Sumpur Lusun
PF-VI
Sungai Kayan Sungai Mentarang
NR-VI
Sungai Sopu
GR-IV
Tamiang Selatan
PF-VI
Tanjung Puting
NP-II
Teluk Kelumpang/Selat Laut/Selat Sebuku
NR-Ia
Teluk Kupang
RP-V
Teluk Laut Cendrawasih
NP-II
Teluk Maumere
RP-V
Terusan Dalam
GR-IV
Ujung Kulon
NR-II
Wasur
NP-II
Way Kambas
NP-II
Wondi Boy
NR-Ia
Yapen Tengah
NR-Ia

Aural
WS-IV
Banteay Chmar
PL-V
Beng Per
PL-V
Botum-Sakor
NP-II
Kulen Promtep
PL-V
Lomphat
WS-IV
Phnom Bokor
NP-II
Phnom Prich
WS-IV
Phnom Samkos
WS-IV
Roniem Daun Sam
WS-IV
Samlaut
MUA-VI
Snoul
WS-IV
Tonle Sap
MUA-VI
Virachey
NP-II

A Er Jin Shan
NRIa
A Er Jin Shan
NR-Ia
Ai Lao Shan
NR-VI
An Nan Ba
NR-Ia
Ba Yin Bu Lu Ke
NR-IV
Bai Die Bei
NR-IV
Bai Ma Shan
NR-VI
Bai Shui He
NR-IV
Bu Liu He
NR-VI
Cang Shan, Er Hai Hu
NR-VI
Cha Yu
NR-Ia
Chang Bai Shan
NR-Ia
Chang Ji Gang Shi Di
NR-IV
Cheng Bi He Shui Yuan Lin
NR-II
Da Hong Shan Yin Xing
NR-VI
Da Huo Fang Shui Ku
NR-VI
Da Lai Hu
NR-IV

- -
197. Sisimeni Sanan
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.

288

Lesser Sunda Islands

Kalimantan
Sumatra
Sumatra
245'N/11527'E
Sulawesi
Sumatra
254'S/11159'E
Kalimantan
1009'S/12338'E
223'S/13447'E
826'S/12225'E
149'S/10426'E
646'S/10519'E
841'S/14044'E
454'S/10543'E
246'S/13436'E
145'S/13615'E
1155'N/10406'E
1410'N/10302'E
1313'N/10500'E
1110'N/10314'E
1403'N/10432'E
1320'N/10655'E
1100'N/10400'E
1239'N/10651'E
1215'N/10259'E
1313'N/10237'E
1243'N/10238'E
1205'N/10642'E
1257'N/10343'E
1414'N/10655'E

,
52,000 1978
112,000 1989
54,223 1920
58,402 1919
1,600,000 1980
67,000 1981
54,771 1937
355,000 1982
66,650 1981
50,000 1993
1,453,500 1990
59,450 1986
74,750 1988
122,956 1992
308,000 1990
130,000 1989
73,022 1992
59,000 1982
253,750
81,200
242,500
171,250
402,500
250,000
140,000
222,500
333,750
178,750
60,000
75,000
316,250
332,500

1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1994
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993

3635'N/8543'E 4,500,000 1985

4345'N/8800'E 1,512,500 1986
2416'N/10113'E
50,660 1988
3901'N/9215'E
396,000 1982
4240'N/8337'E
100,000 1986
1951'N/10915'E
65,000 1983
2811'N/9913'E
190,144 1988
3249'N/10428'E 213,750 1978
2448'N/10646'E
50,485 1982
2536'N/9957'E
79,700 1993
2846'N/9725'E
101,412 1985
4142'N/12743'E 190,582 1986
4727'N/12406'E
67,530 1988
2352'N/10624'E
77,000 1982
3126'N/11256'E 171,400 1993
4152'N/12411'E 530,000 1990
4835'N/11716'E 400,000 1986


0 1978
0 1989
3 1920
2 1919
0 1980
0 1981
1 1937
0 1982
0 1981
0 1993
0 1990
0 1986
0 1988
6 1992
0 1990
0 1989
2 1992
0 1982

- -
246. Da Li Nuo Er Niao Lei

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1994
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993

265.
266.

0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0

1985
1986
1988
1982
1986
1983
1988
1978
1982
1993
1985
1986
1988
1982
1993
1990
1986

247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.
264.

267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.

Da Ming Shan Shui Yuan Lin

Da Wang Ling Shui Yuan Lin
Da Ya Wan
Da Yao Shan Shui Yuan Lin
Dian Chi Hu
Dong Bei Hei Feng
Dong Ting Hu
Dong Gou Bin Hai Shi Di
Feng Wu Gou
Gan Jia Hu
Gao Li Gong Shan
Gong Nai Si, Tian Shan
Gong Ya Shan
Gui Ping West Hill
Ha Na Si
Hai Yang Shan Shui Yuan Lin
He Lan Shan
He Lan Shan
Hu Ma He
Hu Zhong
Huang He San Jiao Zhou
Huang Long
Ji Han Huang Mo Ge Bi
Jia Qiao Shan Shui Yuan Lin
Jie Jin Kou
Jin Zhai Gou
Jing Bo Hu
Jiu Wan Shan Shui Yuan Lin
Jiu Zhai Gou
Ka La Mai Li Shan
Ke Er Qing Cao Yuan
Ku Er Bin
Lei Wu Qi
Liu Pan Shan
Long Feng Hu
Mang Kang
Mo Mo Ge
Mo Tuo
Nan Ling
Nan Si Hu
Nu Jiang He
Qi Lian Shan
Qiang Tang
Qing Hai Lake Niao Dao
Ru Gen
Sha Jin Tai Cao Yuan
Shen Nong Jia
Shen Zha
Shi Wan Shan
Shou Cheng

289

NR-IV
NR-II
NR-VI
NR-IV
NR-VI
SA-II
NR-IV
NR-IV
NR-V
NR-VI
NR-VI
NR-Ia
NR-VI
NR-V
SA-V
NR-VI
NR-VI
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NR-IV
NR-Ia
NR-V
NR-V
NR-Ia
NR-VI
NR-VI
NR-V
NR-II
NR-VI
NR-II
NR-Ia
NR-IV
NR-VI
NR-IV
NR-VI
NR-IV
NR-IV
NR-IV
NR-Ia
NR-VI
NR-IV
NR-VI
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NR-IV
NR-IV
NR-VI
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NR-VI

,
4331'N/11653'E
92,763 1987
2324'N/10819'E
64,944 1982
2345'N/10616'E
81,900 1982
2230'N/11440'E
60,000 1983
2340'N/10949'E 202,208 1982
2454'N/10242'E 292,000 1981
4743'N/13419'E 270,000 1980
2900'N/11242'E 190,300 1994
3950'N/12335'E
77,000 1991
4304'N/12943'E
77,400 1991
4441'N/8335'E
54,670 1983
2539'N/9844'E
123,900 1986
?/?
66,667 1986
?/?
1,000,000 1986
?/?
200,000 ?
4848'N/8707'E
250,000 1986
2458'N/11028'E
90,400 1982
3856'N/10546'E
67,710 1980
3855'N/10605'E 157,000 1988
5119'N/12434'E
60,000 1982
5118'N/12245'E 194,000 1983
3750'N/11855'E 153,000 1992
3245'N/10352'E
70,000 1982
4030'N/9540'E
800,000 1985
2434'N/10952'E
67,000 1982
4807'N/13348'E
50,000 1987
3306'N/10355'E
72,000 1982
4346'N/12830'E 120,000 1980
2513'N/10843'E
96,400 1982
3255'N/10346'E
60,000 1994
4440'N/8830'E 1,700,000 1982
4441'N/12123'E 136,000 1995
4918'N/12830'E 574,500 1985
3112'N/9633'E
63,700 1990
3523'N/10616'E
67,300 1988
4503'N/12839'E
50,000 1988
2945'N/9839'E
185,300 1990
4551'N/12343'E 144,000 1981
2931'N/9400'E
62,620 1986
2457'N/11250'E
53,067 1994
3448'N/11701'E 120,000 1982
2756'N/9820'E
375,433 1986
3800'N/10100'E 2,653,000 1988
3310'N/8010'E 24,712,000 1990
3656'N/9952'E
708,000 1975
2136'N/10912'E
86,400 1992
4230'N/12101'E
84,000 1986
3627'N/11018'E
70,467 1986
3134'N/8814'E 4,000,000 1990
2149'N/10754'E 174,500 1982
2515'N/10943'E
75,900 1982

 - -
297. Shuang Tai
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
314.
315.
316.
317.
318.
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.

Shui Qing
Song Hua Ba
Song Hua Jiang San Hu
Songhua Hu
Ta Li Mu
Ta Shi Ku Er Gan
Tai Bai Shan
Tuo Mu Er Feng
Wan Zi and Lu Hu
Wo Long
Wu Da Lian Chi
Wu Dang Shan
Wu Di He
Xi Da Ming Shan Shui Yuan Lin
Xi Lin Ge Le Cao Yuan
Xi Shuang Ban Na
Xiang Hai
Xiao He
Xi-Nan-Zhong Sha Archipelago
Xing Kai Hu
Yan Cheng
Yan Chi Wan
Yue Bei Hua Nan Hu
Yue Ya Hu
Zha Long
Zhou Zhi
Zhu Feng (Qomolangma)

NR-IV
NR-IV
NR-VI
NR-VI
SA-V
NR-VI
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NR-IV
NR-Ia
NR-III
SA-VI
NR-IV
NR-VI
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NR-IV
NR-IV
NR-V
NR-VI
NR-IV
NR-Ia
NR-VI
NR-VI
NR-IV
NR-IV
NR-Ia

,
4045'N/12134'E
80,000 1988
4800'N/12515'E
86,533 1990
2515'N/10304'E
63,000 1981
4330'N/12700'E 1,100,000 1991
?/?
70,000 ?
4407'N/8949'E
395,420 1980
3635'N/7604'E 1,500,000 1984
3349'N/10721'E
56,325 1986
4221'N/8022'E
100,000 1980
2850'N/11231'E
50,000 1991
3045'N/10252'E 200,000 1975
4840'N/12613'E
70,000 1980
3222'N/11057'E
90,610 1990
4914'N/12812'E
72,000 1986
2240'N/10716'E
60,100 1982
4325'N/11531'E 1,078,600 1985
2135'N/10126'E 241,776 1986
4455'N/12204'E 105,467 1986
3007'N/10836'E
60,000 1981
1100'N/11200'E 2,400,000 1980
4510'N/13219'E 222,482 1994
3327'N/12030'E 453,000 1992
3856'N/9607'E
424,800 1982
2449'N/11330'E 270,000 1990
4552'N/13321'E
51,340 1986
4640'N/12358'E 210,000 1984
3333'N/10733'E
52,931 1988
2808'N/8620'E 3,381,000 1989

PA-V
PA-V
PA-V
PA-IV
PA-IV
PA-IV
WR-IV
PA-IV
PA-V
NP-II
PA-V
PA-V
PA-V
PA-V
PA-V
PA-V
NP-II
PA-V
WR-IV
WR-IV
WR-IV
PA-V

3615'N/5130'E
3640'N/4745'E
3851'N/4641'E
2930'N/5150'E
2930'N/5500'E
2542'N/6128'E
2923'N/5340'E
2805'N/6000'E
3430'N/4729'E
3725'N/5600'E
3410'N/5025'E
3120'N/6140'E
2652'N/5541'E
2725'N/5508'E
3510'N/5200'E
?/?
3416'N/5307'E
3440'N/5220'E
2857'N/5632'E
3655'N/5525'E
3900'N/4540'E
3910'N/4517'E

325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
346.

Alborz-e-Markazi
Angoran
Arasbaran
Arjan
Bahramgor
Bahukalat (Gando)
Bakhtegan
Bazman
Bisotun
Golestan (Mohammad Reza Shah)
Haftadgoleh
Hamoun
Hara
Hormoud
Jagrud
Kalmand
Kavir
Kavir
Khab-o-Rochon
Khoshyeylag
Kiamaky
Marakan

290

399,000
96,130
72,460
52,800
385,000
382,430
327,820
324,688
50,850
91,895
82,000
193,500
85,686
151,284
51,650
300,000
420,000
250,000
173,750
154,400
84,400
92,715

1961
1971
1971
1972
1973
1971
1968
1968
1968
1957
1970
1967
1972
1976
?
?
1964
?
1971
1963
1974
1966


0 1988
3 1990
0 1981
0 1991
0 ?
0 1980
0 1984
5 1986
0 1980
0 1991
0 1975
0 1980
0 1990
0 1986
0 1982
0 1985
6 1986
7 1986
0 1981
0 1980
2 1994
0 1992
0 1982
0 1990
0 1986
0 1984
1 1988
0 1989

- -
347. Miandasht

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
5
0
0
6
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5

374.
375.

1961
1971
1971
1972
1973
1971
1968
1968
1968
1957
1970
1967
1972
1976
?
?
1964
?
1971
1963
1974
1966

356.
357.

Miankaleh
Moteh
Nayband
Oshtran Kuh
Parvar
Sekidkuh Khoramabad
Shadegan
Touran
Touran
Uromiyeh Lake

358.

Wadi Rum

359.

393.

Aksu-Dzhabagly
Aktay-Buzachinskiy
Alma-Atinskiy
Alma-Atinskiy
Altun Emel
Andasayskiy
Atbasarskiy
Barsakel'messkiy
Bayanayl'skiy
Budarinskiy
Chekinskiy
Ele Alatau
Karagye-Karakolskiy
Karkaralinskiy
Karoiskiy
Kirsanovskiy
Kurgal'dzhinskiy
Kzyl-Tau
Lepsinskiy
Mamlutskiy
Markakol'skiy
Mikhailovskiy
Naurzumskiy
Pribalkhashskiy
Rakhmanovskie Kluchi
Sary-Kolinskiy
Smirnovskiy
Sogrovskiy
Tarbagatayskiy
Toktinskiy
Turgaiskiy
Ustyurtskiy
Verkhnekoksyiskiy
Vostochniy
Zapadno-Altayskiy

394.

Besh-Aral'skiy

348.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.

360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.
372.
373.

376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
387.
388.
389.
390.
391.
392.

WR-IV
WR-IV
PA-V
PA-V
PA-V
PA-V
PA-V
WR-IV
PA-V
WR-IV
NP-II

NP-V

Z-Ia
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
Z-Ia
NNP-II
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
Z-Ia
NNP-II
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NNP-II
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
Z-Ia
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
Z-Ia
NZ-IV
Z-Ia
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
Z-Ia
NZ-IV
NZ-IV
Z-Ia

Z-Ia

291

,
3652'N/5715'E
52,000 1974
3650'N/5345'E
68,800 1970
3358'N/5114'E
200,000 1964
2722'N/5338'E
195,000 ?
3319'N/4918'E
93,950 1970
3539'N/5339'E
59,840 1962
?/?
69,500 1992
3022'N/4852'E
296,000 1972
3615'N/5705'E 1,295,400 1973
3615'N/5705'E
565,000 1973
3736'N/4523'E
463,600 1967
?/?

187,500 1965

4215'N/7039'E
75,094 1926
4500'N/5100'E
170,000 1982
4315'N/7745'E
724,000 1953
4301'N/7710'E
73,342 1964
4350'N/7900'E
169,627 1996
4500'N/7300'E 1,000,000 1966
5115'N/6800'E
75,000 1975
4539'N/5954'E
50,000 1939
5047'N/7242'E
50,000 1985
5030'N/5106'E
80,000 1967
5140'N/7850'E
125,000 1985
4310'N/7750'E
164,450 1996
4330'N/5145'E
137,500 1986
4924'N/7524'E
80,000 1971
4552'N/7445'E
509,000 1979
5122'N/5215'E
61,000 1967
5028'N/6915'E
243,138 1968
5030'N/7615'E
60,000 1981
4530'N/8035'E
258,000 1971
5500'N/6830'E
52,400 1974
4916'N/8637'E
75,040 1976
5320'N/6140'E
76,800 1967
5130'N/6419'E
87,694 1934
4515'N/7500'E
503,000 1967
4930'N/8835'E
109,100 1979
5000'N/6400'E
51,200 1986
5430'N/6920'E
204,100 1967
5515'N/6930'E
134,100 1967
4715'N/8430'E
240,000 1967
4530'N/8145'E
187,000 1981
4900'N/6200'E
348,000 1967
4357'N/5515'E
223,300 1984
4440'N/7930'E
240,000 1981
5250'N/7100'E
100,000 1979
5030'N/8350'E
56,104 1992
4200'N/7100'E

63,200 1979


,
Zk-IV
?/?
59,573 1972
Ia
?/?
64,100 1983
Ia
?/?
72,000 1995
-
Mount Kumgang
NP-II 3839'N/12808'E
60,000 1959
Mount Paekdu
NaR-IV 4148'N/12819'E 132,000 1959

Hallyo-Haesang Sea
MNP-V 3454'N/12804'E
51,032 1968
Tadohae-Haesang Sea
MNP-V 3436'N/12552'E 234,491 1981
-
Dong Ampham
NBCA-VI 1457'N/10720'E 200,000 1994
Dong Hua Sao
NBCA-VI 1500'N/10607'E 110,000 1993
Hin Namnu
NBCA-VI 1727'N/10557'E
82,000 1993
Khammouane Limestone
NBCA-VI 1747'N/10448'E 150,000 1993
Nakai-Nam-Theun
NBCA-VI 1823'N/10546'E 353,200 1993
Nam Et
NBCA-VI 2030'N/10335'E 170,000 1993
Nam Ha (East)
NBCA-VI 2043'N/10119'E
69,000 1994
Nam Kading
NBCA-VI 1826'N/10411'E 169,000 1993
Nam Phoun (Poui)
NBCA-VI 1838'N/10121'E 191,200 1994
Nam Xam
NBCA-VI 2008'N/10433'E
70,000 1993
Phou Dene Dinh
NBCA-VI 2158'N/10223'E 222,000 1994
Phou Khao Khoay
NBCA-VI 1829'N/10305'E 200,000 1994
Phou Loeuy
NBCA-VI 2011'N/10314'E 150,000 1993
Phou Xang He
NBCA-VI 1654'N/10542'E 109,900 1994
Phou Xiang Thong
NBCA-VI 1536'N/10542'E 120,000 1993
Xe Bang Nouane
NBCA-VI 1550'N/10600'E 150,000 1993
Xe Pian
NBCA-VI 1427'N/10605'E 240,000 1993

Cameron Highlands
WS-IV 428'N/10129'E
64,953 1962
Crocker Range
NP-II 533'N/11608'E
139,919 1984
Endau-Kluang
WR-IV Peninsular Malaysia 101,174 1933
Endau-Kota Tinggi (West)
WR-IV Peninsular Malaysia
61,959 1933
Gunung Mulu
NP-II 406'N/11453'E
52,865 1974
Kinabalu
P-II
600'N/11630'E
75,370 1964
Krau
WR-IV 344'N/10211'E
53,095 1923
Lanjak-Entimau
WS-IV 129'N/11204'E
168,758 1983
Tabin
WR-IV 514'N/11843'E
111,971 1984
Taman Negara
NP-II 438'N/10226'E
434,351 1939

Altai Tavan Bogd

NCP-II 4900'N/8800'E
636,161 1996
Burkhan Budai
NR-III 4535'N/9710'E
52,110 1996
Dornod Mongoliin Tal
SPA-Ia 4649'N/11744'E 570,400 1992
Ergeliin Zoo
NR-III 4320'N/10840'E
60,910 1996
Gobiin Gurvan Saykhan
NCP-II 4340'N/10348'E 2,171,737 1993
Gorkhi Terelj
NCP-II 4811'N/10727'E 286,400 1993
Great Gobi
SPA-Ia 4325'N/9720'E 5,311,700 1975
Khan Khentii Uul
SPA-Ia 4850'N/10845'E 1,227,000 1992
Khorgo Terkh Zagaan Nuur
NCP-II 4813'N/9915'E
77,267 1965
Khovsgul Nuur
NCP-II 5058'N/10030'E 838,100 1992
Khukh Serkhiin Nuruu
SPA-Ia 4743'N/9105'E
65,900 1977
Khustain Nuruu
NR-IV 4742'N/10550'E
49,940 1993

- -

Narynskiy
Narynskiy
397. Sarychat-Ertashskiy

395.
396,.

398.
399.
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.
421.
422.
423.
424.
425.
426.
427.
428.
429.
430.
431.
432.
433.
434.
435.
436.
437.
438.
439.
440.

292


3 1972
0 1983
0 1995

441.
442.

0 1959
0 1959

445.
446.

2 1968
1 1981

SPA-Ia
NR-III
SPA-Ia
SPA-Ia
SPA-Ia
NR-III
SPA-Ia
NR-III
NCP-II
()
Alaungdaw Kathapa
NP-II

Annapurna
CA-VI
Langtang
NP-II
Makalu-Barun
CA-VI
Makalu-Barun
NP-II
Royal Bardia
NP-II
Royal Chitwan
NP-II
Sagarmatha
NP-II
Shey-Phoksundo
NP-II

The Arabian Oryx Sanctuary

S-II

Buzi Makola
WS-IV
Cholistan
WS-IV
Chumbi Surla
WS-IV
Dhrun
NP-II
Dureji
WS-IV
Gut
WS-IV
Hingol
NP-II
Khunjerab
NP-II
Kirthar
NP-II
Lal Suhanra
NP-V
Mahal Kohistan
WS-IV
Nara Desert
WS-IV
Raghai Rakhshan
WS-IV
Rann of Kutch
WS-IV
Ras Koh
WS-IV

al-Fiqrah
HTR-V
Al-Jandaliyah
PA-VI
Al-Khunfah
PA-VI
Ar-Rub'al-Khali
WMA-VI
Asir
NP-V
At-Taysiyah
PA-VI
At-Tubayq
PA-III
Farasan Islands
PA-Ia
Gulf Conservation Area
PA-II
Harrat al-Harrah
PA-IV
Ibex Reserve (Hawtat Bani Tamin)
PA-II
Mahazat-as-Sayd
PA-IV

- -

443.
444.

447.
448.
449.

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1994
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1994
1993
1994
1993
1994
1994
1993
1994
1993
1993
1993

450.

3
9
4
9
5
0
5
8
1
1

1962
1984
1933
1933
1974
1964
1923
1983
1984
1939

465.

1
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
7
0
0
0

1996
1996
1992
1996
1993
1993
1975
1992
1965
1992
1977
1993

475.
476.

451.
452.
453.
454.
455.
456.
457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
462.
463.
464.
466.
367.
468.
469.
470.
471.
472.
473.
474.

477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.

Little Gobi
Lkhachinvandad Uul
Mongol Daguur
Numrug
Otgon Tenger
Sharga and Mankhan
Uvs Nuur Basin
Zagiin Us
Zuun Khangai

293

,
4220'N/10600'E 1,696,514 1996
4557'N/11519'E
58,800 1965
4940'N/11500'E 103,000 1992
4700'N/11930'E 311,200 1992
4737'N/9735'E
95,500 1992
4600'N/9500'E
316,900 1993
5026'N/9245'E
771,600 1994
4440'N/10730'E 273,606 1996
4711'N/10000'E 850,000 1996
2229'N/9425'E

160,580 1984

2850'N/8357'E
2804'N/8533'E
2745'N/8700'E
2745'N/8700'E
2823'N/8130'E
2729'N/8433'E
2757'N/8644'E
2925'N/8247'E

76,000
171,000
83,000
150,000
96,800
93,200
114,800
355,500

1992
1976
1991
1991
1988
1973
1976
1984

2000'N/5700'E 3,400,000 1994

2532'N/6404'E
?/?
3241'N/7219'E
2543'N/6612'E
2544'N/6708'E
?/?
2533'N/6505'E
3444'N/7517'E
2542'N/6735'E
2924'N/7201'E
2528'N/6734'E
2708'N/6919'E
2716'N/6529'E
2436'N/6956'E
2821'N/6504'E

145,101
661,216
55,945
167,700
178,259
165,992
165,004
226,913
308,733
87,426
70,577
223,590
125,425
320,463
99,498

1972
1981
1978
1988
1972
1983
1988
1975
1974
1972
1972
1980
1971
1980
1962

?/?
2705'N/4520'E
2840'N/3834'E
2100'N/5200'E
1800'N/4200'E
2825'N/4330'E
2947'N/3715'E
1645'N/4200'E
2720'N/4930'E
3100'N/3840'E
2325'N/4640'E
2220'N/4140'E

54,000
116,000
2,045,000
64,000,000
450,000
426,000
1,220,000
60,000
230,000
1,377,500
236,900
219,000

?
1995
1987
1994
1981
1995
1989
1989
1995
1987
1988
1988


PA-II
Nafud al-'Urayq
PA-VI
Northern Wildlife Management Zone (remainder) WMA-VI
Saja/Umm ar-Rimth
PA-VI
'Uruq Bani Ma'arid
PA-II

Dashti-Dzhumskiy
Zk-IV
Muzkomskiy
Zk-IV
Sangvorskiy
Zk-IV
Sari-Khosorskiy
Zk-IV
Tigrovaya Balka
Z-Ia

Chae Son
NP-II
Doi Chiang Dao
WS-IV
Doi Luang
NP-II
Doi Pha Chang
WS-IV
Doi Pha Muang
WS-IV
Erawan
NP-II
Huai Huat
NP-II
Huai Kha Khaeng
WS-IV
Huai Tab Tan - Huai Samran
WS-IV
Kaeng Krachan
NP-II
Kaeng Krung
NP-II
Khao Ang Ru Nai
WS-IV
Khao Banthat
WS-IV
Khao Laem
NP-II
Khao Luang
NP-II
Khao Pu - Khao Ya
NP-II
Khao Soi Dao
WS-IV
Khao Sok
NP-II
Khao Yai
NP-II
Khaoen Si Nakarin
NP-II
Khlong Nakha
WS-IV
Khlong Saeng
WS-IV
Klong Wang Chao
NP-II
Mae Ping
NP-II
Mae Tuen
WS-IV
Mae Wong
NP-II
Mu Ko Chang
NP-II
Mu Ko Petra
NP-II
Nam Nao
NP-II
Namtok Chat Trakan
NP-II
Namtok Chat Trakan
NP-II
Oab Luang
NP-II
Omgoy
WS-IV
Pang Sida
NP-II
Phu Chong - Na Yoi
NP-II
Phu Khieo
WS-IV
Phu Luang
WS-IV
Phu Miang-Phu Thong
WS-IV
Phu Phan
NP-II

- -
487. Majami'al-Hadb
488.
489.
490.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
500.
501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.
510.
511.
512.
513.
514.
515.
516.
517.
518.
519.
520.
521.
522.
523.
524.
525.
526.
527.
528.
529.
530.
531.
532.
533.
534.
535.

294

,
2140'N/4340'E
340,000 1993
2500'N/4230'E
196,000 1995
3000'N/3900'E 10,087,500 1988
2300'N/4230'E
719,000 1995
1010'N/4515'E
750,000 1994
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?
3840'N/6823'E

50,100
66,900
50,900
180,000
49,900

1072
1972
1972
1959
1938

1842'N/9920'E
1926'N/9848'E
1922'N/9935'E
1910'N/10029'E
1822'N/9906'E
1421'N/9903'E
1652'N/10417'E
1526'N/9914'E
?/?
1257'N/9923'E
930'N/9850'E
1317'N/10151'E
712'N/9957'E
1456'N/9831'E
834'N/9942'E
726'N/9957'E
1306'N/10207'E
855'N/9838'E
1421'N/10129'E
1447'N/9900'E
926'N/9835'E
911'N/9839'E
1620'N/9909'E
1737'N/9851'E
1711'N/9844'E
1554'N/9912'E
1159'N/10222'E
659'N/9935'E
1644'N/10132'E
?/?
1717'N/10040'E
1812'N/9832'E
1737'N/9836'E
1405'N/10217'E
1425'N/9915'E
1623'N/10135'E
1715'N/10129'E
1725'N/10040'E
1700'N/10356'E

59,200
52,100
117,000
57,108
58,312
55,000
82,856
278,014
50,200
291,500
54,100
103,000
126,695
149,700
57,000
69,400
74,502
73,874
216,863
153,200
53,033
115,530
74,700
100,300
117,300
89,400
65,000
49,438
96,600
54,300
54,300
55,300
122,400
84,400
68,600
156,000
89,695
69,951
66,470

1988
1978
1990
1980
1980
1975
1988
1972
1995
1981
1991
1977
1977
1991
1974
1982
1972
1980
1962
1981
1972
1974
1990
1981
1978
1987
1982
1984
1972
1987
1987
1991
1983
1982
1987
1972
1974
1977
1972


0 1993
0 1995
0 1988
0 1995
0 1994

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
8
2
0
6
4
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
4
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
0

1072
1972
1972
1959
1938
1988
1978
1990
1980
1980
1975
1988
1972
1995
1981
1991
1977
1977
1991
1974
1982
1972
1980
1962
1981
1972
1974
1990
1981
1978
1987
1982
1984
1972
1987
1987
1991
1983
1982
1987
1972
1974
1977
1972

WS-IV
NP-II
WS-IV
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
WS-IV
WS-IV

NP-II
NP-II
NR-Ia
NP-II

NP-II
SpPA-IV
SpPA-IV
SpPA-IV
NP-II
NP-II

Z-Ia
Z-Ia
Z-Ia
Zk-IV
Z-Ia
Z-Ia
Zk-IV
Zk-IV
Zk-IV

Z-Ia
NP-II

WS-IV
PLS-V
PLS-V
NaP-II
NaP-II
PLS-V
PLS-V
PLS-V
-
NP-II
NP-II

NP-II
NP-V
NP-II
NP-V

- -
536. Prince Chumphon Park (North)
537.
538.
539.
540.
541.
542.
543.
544.

Sai Yok
Salawin
Si Laana
Tarutao
Thap Lan
Thung Salaeng Luang
Thung Yai Naresuan
Umphang

Shei-Pa
Taroko
Ta-Wu Mountain
548. Yushan
545.
546.
547.

549.
550.
551.
552.
553.
554.
555.
556.
557.
558.
559.
560.
561.
562.
563.
564.
565.

Beyschir Golu
Datca-Bozburun
Fethiye-Gcak
Gkova
Kizildag
Munzur Vadisi
Amu-Daryinskiy
Badkhyzskiy
Kaplangurskiy
Kelifskiy
Khazarskiy
Kopetdagskiy
Meana-Chaachinskiy
Sarukamushskiy
Shakhsenemskiy
Gissarskiy
Ugam-Chatkal

573.

Agusan Marsh
Batanes
Guiuan
Mount Apo
Northern Sierra Madre
Sarangani Bay
Siargao
Taal Volcano

574.
575.

Maduru Oya Block 1

Wilpattu Block 1

566.
567.
568.
569.
570.
571.
572.

Akan
Aso - Kuju
Bandai-Asahi
579. Chichibu-Tama
576.
577.
578.

295

,
?/?
64,499 1994
1423'N/9843'E
50,000 1980
1826'N/9736'E
87,500 1978
1917'N/9912'E
140,600 1989
631'N/9926'E
149,000 1972
1415'N/10216'E 223,580 1981
1643'N/10050'E 126,240 1972
1525'N/9851'E
364,720 1974
1551'N/9858'E
251,565 1989
2437'N/12121'E
2413'N/12128'E
2238'N/12045'E
2325'N/12102'E

76,850
92,000
47,000
105,490

1992
1986
1987
1985

?/?
3641'N/2820'E
3640'N/2905'E
3656'N/2810'E
3804'N/3122'E
3907'N/3934'E

88,750
147,400
61,300
52,100
59,400
42,000

1993
1990
1988
1988
1969
1971

?/?
?/?
3904'N/5704'E
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?

48,506
87,680
282,800
103,000
262,037
49,793
60,000
551,066
270,000

1982
1941
1979
1970
1968
1976
1976
1980
?

3800'N/6700'E
7000'N/4210'E

87,500 1983
574,600 ?

?/?
2111'N/12156'E
1104'N/12500'E
705'N/12514'E
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?

89,359
213,578
60,448
72,113
319,513
215,950
278,914
62,292

732'N/8111'E
828'N/7959'E
4330'N/14410'E
3300'N/13104'E
3800'N/14000'E
3550'N/13850'E

1996
1994
1994
1996
1997
1996
1996
1996

51,469 1983
54,953 1938
90,481
72,678
187,041
121,600

1934
1934
1950
1950

 - -
580. Chubu-Sangaku
581.
582.
583.
584.
585.
586.
587.
588.
589.
590.
591.

Daisetsuzan
Fuji-Hakone-Izu
Ise - Shima
Joshinetsu Kogen
Kirishima-Yaku
Kitaarupusu
Nikko
Seto-Naikai
Shikotsu - Toya
Towada-Hachimantai
Yoshino - Kumano

,
NP-II 3618'N/13740'E 174,323 1934
NP-II 4340'N/14251'E 226,764 1934
NP-V 3440'N/13900'E 122,690 1936
NP-V 3425'N/13653'E
55,549 1946
NP-II 3643'N/13830'E 189,062 1949
NP-II 3124'N/13050'E
54,833 1934
NWPA-IV
?/?
110,306 1984
NP-V 3656'N/13937'E 140,164 1934
NP-V 3403'N/13309'E
62,781 1934
NP-II 4240'N/14100'E
99,302 1949
NP-II 4020'N/14050'E
85,409 1936
NP-V 3410'N/13600'E
59,798 1936

. HR - Hunting Reserve, NP - National Park, S - Sanctuary; SNR

- Strict Nature Reserve; WS - Wildlife Sanctuary; MUA - Multiple Use Area;
PL - Protected Landscape; PA - Protected Area; WS - Wildlife Sanctuary;
NR - Nature Reserve; SA - Scenic Area; GR - Game Reserve; GFP - Grand
Forest Park; PF - Protection Forest; RP - Recreation Park; RP - Recreation
Park; PA - Protected Area; WR - Wildlife Refuge; NWPA - National Wildlife
Protection Area; NNP - National Nature Park; NZ - National Zakaznik; Z Zapovednik; NaR - Natural Reserve; MNP - Marine National Park; Zk Zakaznik; NBCA - National Biodiversity Conservation Area; WR - Wildlife
Reserve; WS - Wildlife Sanctuary; P - Park; NCP - National Conservation
Park; NR - Nature Reserve; SPA - Strict Protected Area; SpPA - Specially
Protected Area; CA - Conservation Area; S - Sanctuary; NaP - Natural Park;
PLS - Protected Landscape/ Seascape; HTR - Hima Traditional Reserve;
WMA - Wildlife Management Area.

296


1934
1934
1936
1946
1949
1934
1984
1934
1934
1949
1936
1936

- -

AUMC-IV
Qubec
419,000
MBS-IV 5302'N/8115'W
336,700
PP-IV 4545'N/7825'W
765,345
PP-II 5643'N/9800'W
198,000
MBS-IV 6942'N/12900'W 108,300
WS-IV 4910'N/7346'W
448,700
WS-IV 5027'N/7502'W
888,500
PP-Ia 5903'N/10840'W 192,500
PP-II 5136'N/9539'W
466,000
PP-II 5901'N/13402'W 232,695
NP-II 7400'N/12000'W 1,220,000
NPR-II 6728'N/6614'W 2,146,940
WA-Ia 4704'N/5313'W
107,000
NP-II 5135'N/11559'W 664,100
MBS-IV 7240'N/12330'W 2,051,800
MBS-IV 7400'N/11945'W 142,000
WA-Ia 4740'N/5530'W
289,500
PP-II 5150'N/12242'W
65,982
NWA-Ia 5444'N/8225'W
100,000
MBS-Ia 5150'N/7850'W
76,870
WS-IV 6542'N/7329'W
107,900
PP-II 5311'N/12105'W 123,117
PP-II 5923'N/12905'W
4,597
PP-II 5010'N/12745'W
51,632
MBS-IV 7313'N/7839'W 1,087,810
NP-II 4644'N/6039'W
95,050
WMA-IV 5846'N/9312'W 13,707,210
WA-Ia 5507'N/8237'W
58,320
WMA-IV 5713'N/9047'W
521,160
PP-II 5935'N/9635'W
764,000
CGP-IV 4800'N/8330'W
811,054
WS-IV 4905'N/6550'W
112,600
PP-VI 5405'N/10105'W
59,570
PP-Ia 5652'N/10900'W 224,035
MBS-IV 6610'N/7330'W
815,900
PP-VI 5140'N/10055'W 127,400
WS-IV 4845'N/6641'W
55,300
PP-II 4906'N/12049'W
65,884
MBS-IV 6400'N/8200'W
11,600
WS-V 4518'N/7219'W
434,400
PP-Ia 5042'N/11456'W
79,177
NPR-II 8150'N/7025'W 3,950,000
RA-II 5254'N/12807'W
91,000
R-V 6600'N/13900'W 384,000
WS-V 5415'N/7800'W 1,816,600
WS-V 5130'N/7845'W 1,124,000
PP-V
Ontario
51,120

1. Aggregated total
2. Akimiski Island
3. Algonquin
4. Amisk
5. Anderson River Delta
6. Ashuapmushuan
7. Assinica
8. Athabasca Sand Dunes Wilderness
9. Atikaki Wilderness
10. Atlin
11. Aulavik
12. Auyuittuq
13. Avalon
14. Banff
15. Banks Island No.1
16. Banks Island No.2
17. Bay Du Nord
18. Big Creek
19. Black Duck River
20. Boatswain Bay
21. Bowman Bay
22. Bowron Lake
23. Boya Lake
24. Brooks Peninsula
25. Bylot Island
26. Cape Breton Highlands
27. Cape Churchill
28. Cape Henrietta-Marie
29. Cape Tatnum
30. Caribou River
31. Chapleau
32. Chics-chocs
33. Clearwater Lake
34. Clearwater River
35. Dewey Soper
36. Duck Mountain
37. Duniere
38. E.C. Manning
39. East Bay
40. Eastmain
41. Elbow-Sheep Wildland
42. Ellesmere Island
43. Fiordland
44. Fishing Branch River
45. Fort George
46. Fort Rupert
47. French River

1995
1941
1893
1994
1961
1946
1961
1992
1985
1973
1992
1976
1986
1885
1961
1961
1990
1995
1970
1941
1957
1961
1965
1986
1965
1936
1978
1970
1973
1994
?
1949
1962
1986
1957
1961
1972
1941
1959
1976
1996
1988
1987
1978
1976
1976
1989

297


,
- -
PP-II 4953'N/12246'W 194,650 1927
48. Garibaldi
PP-II 4856'N/6614'W
80,170 1981
49. Gaspesie
RA-II 5419'N/12912'W
58,000 1986
50. Gitnadoix River
NP-II 5118'N/11729'W 134,930 1886
51. Glacier
PP-II 5010'N/11707'W
78,947 1995
52. Goat Range
PP-II 4931'N/12227'W
55,590 1927
53. Golden Ears
PP-VI 5440'N/10050'W 228,960 1962
54. Grass River
NPR-II 4907'N/10727'W
90,000
55. Grasslands
NP-II 4938'N/5743'W
194,250 1973
56. Gros Morne
NPR-II 5239'N/13132'W 147,000 1988
57. Gwaii Haanas
RA-II 5143'N/12804'W 122,998 1987
58. Hakai
MBS-IV 6345'N/8540'W
148,900 1959
59. Harry Gibbons
PP-V 5112'N/9638'W
86,309 1969
60. Hecla
PP-II 5030'N/11515'W
54,208 1995
61. Height-of-the-Rockies
PP-II 5242'N/12458'W 111,977 1978
62. Itcha Ilgachuz
NP-II 6900'N/14000'W 1,016,840 1984
63. Ivvavik
PP-II 4718'N/7120'W
67,060 1981
64. Jacques Cartier
NP-II 5253'N/11753'W 1,087,800 1907
65. Jasper
RA-II 5401'N/12010'W 127,690 1987
66. Kakwa
PP-Ia 5402'N/11948'W
64,928 1996
67. Kakwa Wildland
WMA-IV 4750'N/6735'W
82,914 1923
68. Kedgwick
MBS-IV 6925'N/13530'W
60,600 1961
69. Kendall Island
PP-II 5025'N/8010'W
55,977 1983
70. Kesagami Wilderness
WMA-IV 4553'N/6658'W
53,238 1980
71. King's Landing
WS-V 4700'N/7850'W
463,600 1950
72. Kipawa
NPR-II 6024'N/13902'W 2,201,330 1976
73. Kluane
WS-IV 6135'N/14013'W 422,220 1943
74. Kluane
NP-II 5059'N/11558'W 140,640 1920
75. Kootenay
PP-II 5750'N/12500'W 114,444 1973
76. Kwadacha Wilderness
NP-II 4647'N/7259'W
536,100 1977
77. La Mauricie
WS-IV 4725'N/7709'W 1,361,000 1939
78. La Verendrye
PP-II 5515'N/10445'W 336,197 1939
79. Lac La Ronge
WS-IV 5000'N/7500'W 1,640,000 1953
80. Lacs Albanel, Mistassini & Waconichi
PP-II 4723'N/8030'W
72,400 1983
81. Lady Evelyn Smoothwater
PP-IV 4735'N/8445'W
155,659 1950
82. Lake Superior
WS-IV 4746'N/7119'W
793,400 1895
83. Laurentides
WS-IV 6308'N/13544'W 169,600 1958
84. MacArthur
WMA-V 5122'N/9756'W
50,339 1968
85. Mantagao Lake
WS-IV 4642'N/7323'W
157,400 1971
86. Mastigouche
WS-IV 4845'N/6652'W
128,400 1962
87. Matane
PP-II 5427'N/10900'W 165,893 1959
88. Meadow Lake
WR-VI 4825'N/5515'W
61,800 1990
89. Middle Ridge
WS-V 5130'N/7315'W 1,787,000 1953
90. Mistassini
PP-II 5256'N/12037'W 113,470 1995
91. Mitchell Lake Niagara
WMA-V 4930'N/9700'W
78,917 ?
92. Moose Creek
PP-II 5735'N/13040'W 228,700 1972
93. Mount Edziza
PP-II 5258'N/11853'W 219,535 1913
94. Mount Robson
PP-II 4625'N/7415'W
149,000 1981
95. Mount-Tremblant

298


1927
1981
1986
1886
1995
1927
1962
1973
1988
1987
1959
1969
1995
1978
1984
1981
1907
1987
1996
1923
1961
1983
1980
1950
1976
1943
1920
1973
1977
1939
1939
1953
1983
1950
1895
1958
1968
1971
1962
1959
1990
1953
1995
?
1972
1913
1981

- -
PP-II 5853'N/12537'W
96. Muncho Lake
PP-II
British Columbia
97. Murtle Lake Nature Conservancy
NPR-II 6135'N/12553'W
98. Nahanni
PP-II 5353'N/13055'W
99. Naikoon
PP-II 5400'N/10437'W
100. Narrow Hills
WS-V 5125'N/7640'W
101. Nemiscau
CGP-IV 4635'N/7940'W
102. Nipissing
NWA-IV 7600'N/7900'W
103. Nirjutqavvik
PP-VI 5040'N/9520'W
104. Nopiming
WS-V 5300'N/7800'W
105. Nouveau Comptoir
PP-II 5750'N/9600'W
106. Numaykoos Lake
SMA-Ia
Yukon
107. Old Crow Flats
PP-II 5333'N/9305'W
108. Opasquia Wilderness
PP-V
Ontario
109. Otoskwin-Attawapiskat River
NPR-II 4903'N/12543'W
110. Pacific Rim
WS-IV 4607'N/7518'W
111. Papineau Labelle
GP-V 6600'N/13300'W
112. Peel River
PP-II 5040'N/11510'W
113. Peter Lougheed
PP-II 5039'N/11508'W
114. Peter Lougheed
PP-V
Ontario
115. Pipestone River
WMA-IV 4652'N/6645'W
116. Plaster Rock-renous
PP-II 5415'N/8230'W
117. Polar Bear
NWA-Ia 7543'N/9840'W
118. Polar Bear Pass
WS-V 5517'N/7745'W
119. Post de la Baleine
NP-II 5359'N/10622'W
120. Prince Albert
MBS-IV 7002'N/9000'W
121. Prince Leopold Island
NP-II 4818'N/8553'W
122. Pukaskwa
PP-II 4959'N/11631'W
123. Purcell
PP-II 5008'N/11630'W
124. Purcell Wilderness Conservancy
MBS-IV 6700'N/10030'W
125. Queen Maude Gulf
PP-II 4830'N/9130'W
126. Quetico Wilderness
NP-II 5044'N/9947'W
127. Riding Mountain
WS-IV 4758'N/6810'W
128. Rimouski
WS-V 5017'N/6558'W
129. Rivire Matamec
WS-IV 4645'N/7426'W
130. Rouge-Mattawin
MP-II 4807'N/6940'W
131. Saguenay
WS-IV 4703'N/7308'W
132. Saint Maurice
PP-VI 5800'N/9800'W
133. Sand Lakes
WMA-V 5350'N/10130'W
134. Saskeram
WS-IV 5033'N/6720'W
135. Sept Iles-port Cartier
PP-V
Ontario
136. Severn River
PP-II 5733'N/12831'W
137. Spatsizi Plateau Wilderness
PP-II 5015'N/12206'W
138. Stein Valley
RA-II 5639'N/13150'W
139. Stikine River
PP-II 4940'N/12540'W
140. Strathcona
PP-II 5659'N/12722'W
141. Tatlatui
PP-II 5936'N/13718'W
142. Tatshenshini-Alsek Wilderness
WS-IV 6356'N/10249'W
143. Thelon

299

,
88,420
212,742
476,520
72,641
53,613
233,800
62,454
178,000
143,740
752,100
360,000
1,000,000
473,000
82,569
50,000
166,700
300,000
50,142
50,308
97,375
84,175
2,408,700
262,400
535,400
387,430
50,400
187,780
131,500
198,183
6,278,200
475,819
297,310
73,500
103,600
139,400
113,800
78,200
825,700
96,648
642,300
82,960
656,785
107,191
217,000
250,445
105,829
958,000
2,396,000

1957
1968
1976
1973
1934
1976
?
1995
1976
1976
1994
?
1983
1989
1970
1971
?
1977
1977
1989
1939
1970
1985
1976
1927
1992
1978
1974
1974
1961
1950
1929
1958
1970
1935
1990
1963
1994
1963
1965
1989
1975
1996
1987
1911
1973
1993
1927


,
PP-II 5100'N/12400'W 233,240
NP-II 6900'N/12130'W 1,634,000
PP-II 5306'N/12600'W 974,046
WS-IV 5318'N/8000'W
142,500
NP-II 6800'N/14000'W 440,000
PP-II 5035'N/8935'W
155,000
NWA-Ia 5514'N/8434'W
50,000
NP-II 5800'N/9300'W 1,147,500
WS-IV 5100'N/7630'W
847,000
NP-II 4903'N/11354'W
50,500
PP-II 5225'N/12100'W 531,360
PP-VI 5000'N/9530'W
273,400
WP-Ia 5344'N/11909'W 459,671
NWA-Ia 5010'N/8847'W
8,300
PP-II 5300'N/8625'W
173,530
NP-II 6012'N/11357'W 4,480,200
NWA-Ia 5541'N/8602'W
50,000
PP-II 5100'N/9445'W
450,000
NP-II 5124'N/11630'W 131,300

ZSEC-V 2705'N/10900'W
96,100
163. Alamos - Ro Cuchujaqui
BR-VI 3130'N/11430'W 934,756
164. Alto Golfo de California y Delta R.Colorado
BR-VI 2800'N/11400'W 636,685
165. Archipilago de Revillagigedo
NP-VI 2230'N/8940'W
333,768
166. Arrecife Alacranes
FR-VI 3045'N/10900'W 198,164
167. Bavispe
HR-IV 2808'N/11102'W
59,000
168. Cajn del Diablo
SBioR-Ia 2818'N/11121'W 147,000
169. Cajn del Diablo
BR-VI 1814'N/8948'W
723,185
170. Calakmul
FR-VI 2640'N/10710'W
78,792
171. Campo Verde
172. Can de Ro Blanco
NP-II 1851'N/9709'W
55,690
FFPA-VI 2900'N/10350'W 227,209
173. Can Santa Helena
174. Cuatro Cinagas
FFPA-VI 2710'N/10149'W
84,347
NP-II 2535'N/10028'W 246,500
175. Cumbres de Monterrey
176. El Cielo
BR-Ia 2310'N/9916'W
130,000
BR-VI 3151'N/11332'W 714,556
177. El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar
178. El Triunfo
BR-VI 1540'N/9253'W
119,177
BioR-V 2747'N/11417'W 2,546,790
179. El Vizcano
180. Isla Tiburn
SBioR-VI 2901'N/11220'W 120,800
SBioR-Ia 2842'N/11234'W 380,000
181. Islas del Golfo de California
182. La Blanquilla
OA-IV Baja California Sur
66,868
SR-VI 1505'N/9255'W
144,868
183. La Encrucijada
184. Lacantn
BR-Ia 1620'N/9052'W
61,874
FFPA-VI 1850'N/9200'W
705,016
185. Laguna de Trminos
186. Mapim
BR-Ia 2640'N/10345'W 103,000
BR-Ia 1621'N/9103'W
331,200
187. Montes Azules (Selva Lacandona)
188. Municipios de Janos y Ascencin
R-IV 3100'N/10840'W 1,793,315
BR-VI 1816'N/9230'W
302,706
189. Pantanos de Centla
FR-VI 2840'N/10740'W 172,480
190. Papigochic
SBioR-IV 2055'N/9023'W
59,130
191. Ra Celestn
BR-VI 1935'N/8740'W
528,147
192. Sian Ka'an
- -
144. Ts'yl-os
145. Tuktut Nogait
146. Tweedsmuir
147. Twin Islands
148. Vuntut
149. Wabakimi Wilderness
150. Wachi Creek
151. Wapusk
152. Waswanipi
153. Waterton Lakes
154. Wells Gray
155. Whiteshell
156. Willmore
157. Windigo Bay
158. Winisk River
159. Wood Buffalo
160. Wood Creek
161. Woodland Caribou Wilderness
162. Yoho

300

1994
1996
1938
1939
1993
1983
1984
1996
1976
1895
1939
1961
1959
1989
1969
1922
1984
1983
1886
?
1993
1994
1994
1939
1937
1937
1989
1938
1938
1994
1994
1939
1985
1993
1972
1988
1963
1978
1975
1995
1992
1994
1979
1978
1937
1992
1939
1979
1986


1994
1996
1938
1939
1993
1983
1984
1996
1976
1895
1939
1961
1959
1989
1969
1922
1984
1983
1886
?
1993
1994
1994
1939
1937
1937
1989
1938
1938
1994
1994
1939
1985
1993
1972
1988
1963
1978
1975
1995
1992
1994
1979
1978
1937
1992
1939
1979
1986

- -
193. Sierra de Jurez
194. Sierra de la Laguna
195. Sierra de Maderas del Carmen
196. Sierra de Manantln
197. Sierra de San Pedro Mrtir
198. Sierra San Luis
199. Sierras de Hansen y Mesa Pinal
200. Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano
201. Tutuaca
202. Uaymil
203. Villa Ramos Charcas y Catorce
204. Yum - Balam

FR-VI
BR-V
FFPA-VI
BR-VI
FR-VI
FFPA-VI
FR-VI
NMP-II
FR-VI
FFPA-VI
ZSEC-V
FFPA-VI

WF-Ia
WF-Ia
NM-III
NWR-IV
NNL-III
NWR-IV
WF-Ia
W-Ia
NF-VI
NWR-IV
WF-Ia
WF-Ia
W-Ia
NF-VI
NF-VI
NM-III
NP-IV
NPr-II
SW-Ia
SW-Ia
NNL-III
SP-II
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
W-Ia
NWR-IV
WB-Ia
WB-Ia
NWR-IV
NF-VI
NP-II
SP-II
NF-VI
W-Ia
NWR-IV

,
3130'N/11545'W 140,000
2331'N/10935'W 112,437
2810'N/10200'W 208,381
1931'N/10413'W 139,577
3056'N/11521'W
74,000
Sonora
59,000
2900'N/11302'W 1,249,000
1905'N/9555'W
52,238
2845'N/10730'W 364,952
1900'N/8825'W
89,118
2315'N/10159'W
73,690
Quintana Roo
154,052

1951
1994
1994
1987
1951
?
1923
1992
1937
?
1994
1994

205. Absaroka-Beartooth
206. Admiralty Island
207. Admiralty Island
208. Alaska Maritime
209. Alaska Maritime
210. Alaska Peninsula
211. Aldo Leopold
212. Aleutian Islands
213. Allegheny
214. Alligator River
215. Alpine Lakes
216. Anaconda-Pintler
217. Andreafsky
218. Angeles
219. Angelina
220. Aniakchak
221. Aniakchak
222. Aniakchak
223. Ansel Adams
224. Anza-Borrego
225. Anza-Borrego Desert
226. Anza-Borrego Desert (California)
227. Apache
228. Apache
229. Apalachicola
230. Arapaho
231. Arctic
232. Arctic
233. Arrastra Mountain
234. Arrastra Mountain
235. Arthur R. Mitchell Loxahatchee
236. Ashley
237. Badlands
238. Baxter
239. Beaverhead
240. Becharof
241. Becharof

4440'N/10959'W
5745'N/13408'W
5739'N/13422'W
6000'N/15300'W
Aliaska
5726'N/15644'W
3309'N/10750'W
5159'N/17446'W
Pennsylvania
3554'N/7551'W
4735'N/12108'W
4557'N/11328'W
6247'N/16225'W
California
Texas
5653'N/15746'W
5650'N/15802'W
Aliaska
3734'N/11911'W
California
3310'N/11620'W
3315'N/11620'W
New Mexico
Arisona
Florida
Colorado
6922'N/14208'W
6829'N/14508'W
3422'N/11326'W
3422'N/11326'W
2632'N/8020'W
Utah
4350'N/10218'W
Maine
Montana
5754'N/15537'W
5804'N/15621'W

372,445
380,376
387,530
1,390,360
355,000
1,741,500
85,576
526,093
207,599
57,302
123,687
63,891
526,093
265,354
61,988
55,514
188,427
239,170
93,182
120,356
211,016
227,573
248,560
484,743
228,836
415,437
3,237,498
7,804,905
52,528
52,528
58,949
521,200
98,463
80,800
861,485
161,875
486,000

1978
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
?
?
1976
1964
1980
?
?
1978
1978
?
1964
1982
?
1963
?
?
?
?
1980
1980
1990
1990
1951
?
1978
1940
?
1980
1978

301


,
- -
NPr-V 6615'N/16438'W 1,125,124 1978
242. Bering Land Bridge
NM-II 6600'N/16459'W 1,121,457 1980
243. Bering Land Bridge
NF-VI
Mississippi
72,215 ?
244. Bienville
NP-II 2911'N/10320'W 286,572 1944
245. Big Bend
NF-VI
Wyoming
448,260 ?
246. Bighorn
NF-VI
Idaho
187,819 ?
247. Bitterroot
NF-VI
Montana
451,810 ?
248. Bitterroot
NF-VI
Wyoming
70,979 ?
249. Black Hills
NF-VI
South Dakota
433,665 ?
250. Black Hills
PA-Ia
Arizona
70,319 ?
251. Blue Range
WF-Ia 4742'N/11308'W 408,481 1978
252. Bob Marshall
NF-VI
Idaho
1,072,165 ?
253. Boise
WF-Ia 4757'N/9126'W
321,165 1978
254. Boundary Waters Canoe Area
WF-Ia 4111'N/10712'W 173,241 1964
255. Bridger
NF-VI
Wyoming
701,577 ?
256. Bridger
NG-VI
South Dakota
241,772 ?
257. Buffalo Gap
W-Ia 3215'N/11328'W 325,133 1990
258. Cabeza Prieta
NWR-IV 3216'N/11331'W 348,031 ?
259. Cabeza Prieta
NF-VI
Idaho
106,814 ?
260. Cache
NF-VI
Utah
166,490 ?
261. Cache
NP-II 3816'N/10953'W 136,542 1964
262. Canyonlands
S-V
152,000 1971
4130'N/7030'W
263. Cape and Islands Ocean
S-V
140,000 1971
4149'N/7019'W
264. Cape Cod Bay Ocean
NM-III 6727'N/16334'W 267,206 1978
265. Cape Krusenstern
NP-II 3809'N/11109'W
97,870 1971
266. Capitol Reef
NF-VI
Idaho
393,430 ?
267. Caribou
NF-VI
New Mexico
563,118 ?
268. Carson
SW-Ia 3829'N/11944'W
64,195 1984
269. Carson-Iceberg
SP-V
New York
99,788 ?
270. Catskill
NF-VI
Idaho
997,363 ?
271. Challis
NP-II 3328'N/11901'W 100,987 1980
272. Channel Islands
NMS-IV 3400'N/12000'W 428,466 1980
273. Channel Islands
NWR-IV 4743'N/10658'W 365,567 1936
274. Charles M. Russell
NF-VI
Georgia
303,161 ?
275. Chattahoochee
SRA-II 6455'N/14620'W 102,866 1967
276. Chena River
NF-VI
Wisconsin
347,390 ?
277. Chequamegon
NF-VI
Tennessee
255,903 ?
278. Cherokee
NHP-V 3911'N/7753'W
50,161 1971
279. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
NF-VI
Minnesota
269,474 ?
280. Chippewa
NF-VI 6115'N/14919'W 2,164,631 1907
281. Chugach
SP-II 5959'N/14850'W 200,406 1970
282. Chugach
NF-VI
New Mexico
659,927 ?
283. Cibola
NF-VI
Idaho
676,333 ?
284. Clearwater
NF-VI
California
171,074 ?
285. Cleveland
WF-Ia 4424'N/10708'W
76,502 1984
286. Cloud Peak
NF-VI
Arisona
747,061 ?
287. Coconino
NF-VI
Idaho
294,101 ?
288. Coeur D'Alene
WF-Ia 3855'N/10629'W
64,800 1980
289. Collegiate Peaks
290. Colville
NF-VI
Washington
385,888 ?
NMS-IV 3800'N/12326'W
78,000 1989
291. Cordell Bank

302


1978
1980
?
1944
?
?
?
?
?
?
1978
?
1978
1964
?
?
1990
?
?
?
1964
1971
1971
1978
1971
?
?
1984
?
?
1980
1980
1936
?
1967
?
?
1971
?
1907
1970
?
?
?
1984
?
?
1980
?
1989

,
- -
NF-VI
Arisona
695,455 ?
292. Coronado
NP-II 4256'N/12207'W
74,150 1902
293. Crater Lake
NF-VI
North Carolina
64,584 ?
294. Croatan
NF-VI
Montana
450,168 ?
295. Custer
NF-VI
Kentucky
219,769 ?
296. Daniel Boone
NF-VI
Texas
65,564 ?
297. Davy Crockett
NF-VI
Mississippi
204,573 ?
298. De Soto
NM-III 3627'N/11657'W 837,388 1933
299. Death Valley
NF-VI
Montana
483,246 ?
300. Deerlodge
NP-II 6316'N/15113'W 1,911,495 1917
301. Denali
SP-II 6245'N/15015'W 130,845 1970
302. Denali
NPr-V 6332'N/14955'W 529,800 1980
303. Denali
WN -Ia 6332'N/14955'W 859,873 1980
304. Denali
NF-VI
Oregon
649,724 ?
305. Deschutes
NWR-IV 3632'N/11531'W 642,974 ?
306. Desert
NM-III 4031'N/10853'W
82,655 1915
307. Dinosaur
WF-Ia 4513'N/11725'W 118,867 1964
308. Eagle Cap
WF-Ia 3940'N/10615'W
54,189 1976
309. Eagles Nest
NF-VI
California
274,093 ?
310. Eldorado
ONA-III
Utah
52,116 1970
311. Escalente Canyons
WN-Ia 2529'N/8057'W
524,677 1978
312. Everglades
NP-II 2522'N/8055'W
609,681 1947
313. Everglades
NF-VI
Utah
580,203 ?
314. Fishlake
WF-Ia 4316'N/10931'W
77,800 1976
315. Fitzpatrick
WF-Ia 3955'N/10717'W
95,215 1975
316. Flat Tops
NF-VI
Montana
951,804 ?
317. Flathead
NMS-IV 2437'N/8106'W
960,373 ?
318. Florida Keys
NF-VI
South Carolina
101,828 1936
319. Francis Marion
WF-Ia 4527'N/11550'W 946,580 1980
320. Frank Church-River of No Return
NF-VI
Oregon
486,099 ?
321. Fremont
NF-VI
Montana
727,474 ?
322. Gallatin
WN -Ia 6806'N/15304'W 2,900,472 1980
323. Gates of the Arctic
NP-II 6800'N/15200'W 2,939,689 1980
324. Gates of the Arctic
NPr-V 6801'N/14953'W 383,246 1980
325. Gates of the Arctic
NF-VI
Vermont
388,346 ?
326. George Washington
NF-VI
Washington
530,532 ?
327. Gifford Pinchot
NF-VI
New Mexico
1,096,025 ?
328. Gila
WF-Ia 3313'N/10820'W 230,688 1980
329. Gila
NP-II 4839'N/11347'W 410,202 1910
330. Glacier
WN -Ia 5904'N/13659'W 1,078,427 1980
331. Glacier Bay
NP-II 5836'N/13654'W 1,304,550 1925
332. Glacier Bay
WF-Ia 4811'N/12058'W 188,041 1964
333. Glacier Peak
NRA-V
Arizona
483,404 1972
334. Glen Canyon (Arizona)
NRA-V 3728'N/11048'W 580,558 1927
335. Glen Canyon (Utah)
SW-Ia 3618'N/11815'W 122,836 1978
336. Golden Trout
WF-Ia 4535'N/11544'W
83,367 1978
337. Gospel Hump
NP-II 3612'N/11314'W 493,441 1919
338. Grand Canyon
NF-VI
Colorado
140,307 ?
339. Grand Mesa
NG-VI
South Dakota
62,751 ?
340. Grand River

303

 - -
341. Grand Teton
342. Great Bear
343. Great Smoky Mountains
344. Green Mountain
345. Gros Ventre
346. Gulf Islands (Florida)
347. Gulf of the Farallones
348. Gunnison
349. Hart Mountain
350. Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge
351. Hawaii Volcanoes
352. Hawaii Volcanoes
353. Hawaiian Islands (8 sites)
354. Helena
355. Hell's Canyon
356. Hercules-Glade
357. Hiawatha
358. High Uintas
359. Holly Springs
360. Holy Cross
361. Homochitto
362. Hoosier
363. Huron
364. Innoko
365. Innoko
366. Inyo
367. Isle Royale
368. Isle Royale
369. Izembek
370. Izembek
371. Jedediah Smith
372. Jefferson
373. John Muir
374. Joshua Tree
375. Joshua Tree
376. Kachemak Bay
377. Kachemak Bay
378. Kachemak Wilderness
379. Kaibab
380. Kalmiopsis
381. Kaniksu
382. Kaniksu
383. Kaniksu
384. Kanuti
385. Katmai
386. Katmai
387. Katmai
388. Kenai
389. Kenai

304

NP-II
WF-Ia
NP-II
NF-VI
WF-Ia
NS-V
NMS-IV
NF-VI
NWR-IV
R-IV
WN-Ia
NP-II
NWR-Ia
NF-VI
WF-Ia
WF-Ia
NF-VI
WF-Ia
NF-VI
WF-Ia
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
NWR-IV
W-Ia
NF-VI
WN-Ia
NP-II
W-Ia
NWR-IV
WF-Ia
NF-VI
SW-Ia
WN-Ia
NM-III
SP-II
SW-II
SP-II
NF-VI
WF-Ia
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
NWR-IV
WN -Ia
NP-II
NPr-V
W-Ia
NWR-IV

4350'N/11040'W
4807'N/11325'W
3537'N/8353'W
Vermont
4327'N/11024'W
3024'N/8646'W
3750'N/12300'W
Colorado
4233'N/11937'W
Oregon
1921'N/15526'W
1922'N/15520'W
2527'N/16853'W
Montana
4527'N/11640'W
3644'N/9254'W
Michigan
4045'N/11032'W
Mississippi
3927'N/10625'W
Mississippi
Indiana
Michigan
6427'N/15746'W
6311'N/15815'W
California
4759'N/8853'W
4802'N/8849'W
5524'N/16232'W
5501'N/16248'W
4349'N/11053'W
Vermont
3712'N/11837'W
3359'N/11545'W
3402'N/11527'W
5930'N/15110'W
5920'N/15105'W
Aliaska
Arisona
4218'N/12357'W
Washington
Montana
Idaho
6630'N/15155'W
5834'N/15444'W
5840'N/15502'W
Aliaska
6021'N/15011'W
6049'N/14952'W

,
124,140
116,026
209,160
143,534
116,145
57,084
324,429
673,948
101,696
110,231
49,817
91,960
102,960
394,735
86,605
49,815
361,773
184,823
62,757
49,529
76,978
78,391
175,366
1,558,073
501,812
744,602
53,370
215,740
121,406
122,660
49,959
281,270
202,378
173,890
226,781
69,636
80,324
149,045
630,615
68,404
108,129
180,944
365,816
578,713
1,369,607
1,504,774
151,096
546,328
770,842

1929
1978
1934
?
1984
1971
1981
?
?
1935
1978
1916
1945
?
1975
1976
?
1984
?
1980
?
?
?
1980
1980
?
1976
1940
1980
1960
1984
?
1964
1976
1936
1970
1972
1972
?
1978
?
?
?
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980


1929
1978
1934
?
1984
1971
1981
?
?
1935
1978
1916
1945
?
1975
1976
?
1984
?
1980
?
?
?
1980
1980
?
1976
1940
1980
1960
1984
?
1964
1976
1936
1970
1972
1972
?
1978
?
?
?
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980

- -
390. Kenai Fjords
391. Kenai National Moose Range
392. Kings Canyon
393. Kiowa
394. Kisatchie
395. Klamath
396. Kobuk Valley
397. Kobuk Valley
398. Kodiak
399. Kofa
400. Kofa
401. Kootenai
402. Kootznoowoo
403. Koyukuk
404. Koyukuk
405. Lake Chelan-Sawtooth
406. Lake Clark
407. Lake Clark
408. Lake Clark
409. Lake Mead
410. Lassen
411. Lee Metcalf
412. Lewis & Clark
413. Lincoln
414. Little Missouri
415. Lolo
416. Los Padres
417. Malaspina Glacier
418. Malheur
419. Malheur
420. Manistee
421. Manti-La Sal
422. Marble Mountain
423. Mark Twain
424. Maroon Bells-Snowmass
425. Mazatzal
426. Medicine BoW
427. Mendocino
428. Merritt Island
429. Misty Fiords
430. Misty Fjords
431. Modoc
432. Monongahela
433. Monterey Bay
434. Mount Baker
435. Mount Hood
436. Mount Rainier
437. Mount Ranier
438. Mount Veniaminof
439. Mount Zirkel

NP-II
NWR-IV
NP-II
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
WN -Ia
NP-II
NWR-IV
W-Ia
NWR-IV
NF-VI
WA-Ia
NWR-IV
W-Ia
WF-Ia
WN -Ia
NP-II
NPr-V
NRA-V
NF-VI
WF-Ia
NF-VI
NF-VI
NG-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
NNL-III
NWR-IV
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
SW-Ia
NF-VI
WF-Ia
WF-Ia
NF-VI
NF-VI
NWR-IV
WF-Ia
NM-IV
NF-VI
NF-VI
NMS-IV
NF-VI
NF-VI
NP-II
WN-Ia
NNL-III
WF-Ia

305

6006'N/15004'W
Aliaska
3645'N/11830'W
New Mexico
Louisiana
California
6711'N/15846'W
6726'N/15901'W
5700'N/15400'W
3315'N/11358'W
3317'N/11358'W
Montana
Aliaska
6517'N/15641'W
6546'N/15719'W
4819'N/12028'W
6049'N/15311'W
6028'N/15333'W
Aliaska
Nevada
California
4508'N/11127'W
Montana
New Mexico
North Dakota
Montana
California
Aliaska
4303'N/11847'W
Oregon
Michigan
Utah
4130'N/12317'W
Missouri
3905'N/10702'W
3407'N/11136'W
Wyoming
California
2831'N/8040'W
5540'N/13035'W
5541'N/13031'W
California
West Virginia
3640'N/12220'W
Washington
Oregon
4652'N/12142'W
4650'N/12151'W
Aliaska
4049'N/10637'W

,
271,255
698,920
187,069
55,206
243,936
82,687
70,636
708,502
670,320
208,900
269,716
719,379
386,824
1,436,665
161,875
61,284
1,060,099
1,068,805
568,546
606,123
428,805
100,744
753,645
446,625
416,039
853,377
710,152
387,840
75,033
593,027
216,337
501,175
86,548
603,458
70,470
83,511
442,585
358,572
55,953
867,510
462,275
673,212
362,822
780,000
519,587
431,563
95,268
87,758
323,200
56,583

1980
?
1940
?
?
?
1980
1978
?
1990
1939
?
?
1980
1980
1984
1980
1978
1980
1964
?
1983
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
1964
?
1980
1964
?
?
?
1980
1980
?
?
1992
?
?
1899
1988
?
1980


,
- -
NF-VI
North Carolina
213,093
440. Nantahala
NF-VI
Nebraska
57,283
441. Nebraska
NF-VI
Idaho
900,060
442. Nez Perce
NF-VI
Wisconsin
267,651
443. Nicolet
WN -Ia 6821'N/15935'W 2,333,195
444. Noatak
NPr-V 6756'N/15931'W 2,655,870
445. Noatak
WF-Ia 4436'N/10949'W 141,838
446. North Absaroka
WF-Ia 4700'N/12123'W 142,114
447. North Absaroka
NP-II 4840'N/12114'W 204,284
448. North Cascades
WF-Ia 4454'N/11834'W
49,110
449. North Fork John Day
NWR-IV 6435'N/15354'W 631,323
450. Nowitna
W-Ia 5955'N/16646'W 242,812
451. Nunivak
NF-VI
Florida
155,086
452. Ocala
NF-VI
Oregon
343,101
453. Ochoco
NF-VI
Washington
607,019
454. Okanogan
W-Ia
143,252
3046'N/8217'W
455. Okefenokee
NWR-IV 3050'N/8220'W
158,395
456. Okefenokee (Georgia)
NF-VI
Washington
253,858
457. Olympic
WN-Ia 4751'N/12346'W 334,542
458. Olympic
NP-II 4749'N/12336'W 371,225
459. Olympic
WN-Ia 3203'N/11245'W 126,505
460. Organ Pipe Cactus
NM-III 3202'N/11253'W 133,925
461. Organ Pipe Cactus
NF-VI
Florida
63,893
462. Osceola
NF-VI
Michigan
397,879
463. Ottawa
NF-VI
Oklahoma
103,523
464. Ouachita
NF-VI
Arkansas
564,151
465. Ouachita
NF-VI
Arkansas
458,671
466. Ozark
NS-V 2636'N/9719'W
54,196
467. Padre Island
WF-Ia 4853'N/12031'W 204,727
468. Pasayten
NF-VI
Idaho
940,180
469. Payette
WF-Ia 3554'N/10537'W
90,436
470. Pecos
NF-VI
Colorado
449,249
471. Pike
NR-V 3945'N/7445'W
438,210
472. Pinelands
NF-VI
North Carolina
204,236
473. Pisgah
NF-VI
California
474,005
474. Plumas
NF-VI
Arisona
501,328
475. Prescott
NF-VI
Colorado
752,485
476. Rio Grande
NP-II 4020'N/10543'W 107,519
477. Rocky Mountain
NF-VI
Oregon
232,875
478. Rogue River
NF-VI
Oregon
232,879
479. Rogue River
NF-VI
Colorado
327,152
480. Roosevelt
NF-VI
Colorado
455,500
481. Routt
WF-Ia 5951'N/13851'W 141,115
482. Russell Fiord
NWR-IV 2951'N/9312'W
56,428
483. Sabine
NF-VI
Texas
64,996
484. Sabine
NF-VI
Idaho
717,158
485. Salmon
NF-VI
Texas
65,429
486. Sam Houston
NF-VI
California
271,295
487. San Bernardino
NF-VI
Colorado
452,120
488. San Isabel
NF-VI
Colorado
759,882
489. San Juan

306

?
?
?
?
1980
1978
1964
1964
1968
1984
1980
1980
?
?
?
1974
?
?
1988
1938
1978
1937
?
?
?
?
?
1968
1968
?
1980
?
1978
?
?
?
?
1915
?
?
?
?
1980
?
?
?
?
?
?
?


?
?
?
?
1980
1978
1964
1964
1968
1984
1980
1980
?
?
?
1974
?
?
1988
1938
1978
1937
?
?
?
?
?
1968
1968
?
1980
?
1978
?
?
?
?
1915
?
?
?
?
1980
?
?
?
?
?
?
?

- -
490. San Rafael
491. Santa Fe
492. Santa Monica Mountain
493. Santa Monica Mountains
494. Sawtooth
495. Sawtooth
496. Sawtooth
497. Scapegoat
498. Selawik
499. Selawik
500. Selway-Bitterroot
501. Semidi
502. Sequoia
503. Sequoia-Kings Canyon
504. Sevilleta
505. Shasta
506. Shawnee
507. Sheldon
508. Shenandoah
509. Shoshone
510. Sierra
511. Siskiyou
512. Siskiyou
513. Siskiyou
514. Sitgreaves
515. SiuslaW
516. Six Rivers
517. Smith River
518. Snoqualmie
519. South Baranof
520. South San Juan
521. St Joe
522. Stanislaus
523. Stellwagen Banks
524. Stephen Mather
525. Stikine-LeConte
526. Sumter
527. Superior
528.. Superstition
529. Tahoe
530. Talladega
531. Targhee
532. Targhee
533. Tetlin
534. Teton
535. Teton
536. Three Sisters
537. Thunder Basin
538. Togiak
539. Togiak

SW-Ia
NF-VI
NRA-V
NRA-V
NF-VI
WF-Ia
NF-VI
WF-Ia
W-Ia
NWR-IV
WF-Ia
W-Ia
NP-II
WN-Ia
NWR-IV
NF-VI
NF-VI
NWR-IV
NP-II
NF-VI
NF-VI
SW-Ia
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
NRA-V
NF-VI
WF-Ia
WF-Ia
NF-VI
NF-VI
MS-II
WN-Ia
WF-Ia
NF-VI
NF-VI
WF-Ia
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
NF-VI
NWR-IV
WF-Ia
NF-VI
WF-Ia
NG-VI
NWR-IV
W-Ia

307

,
60,345
3446'N/11949'W
New Mexico
635,164
60,729
3407'N/11840'W
60,729
3408'N/11841'W
Utah
28,807
87,854
4400'N/11502'W
Idaho
700,943
96,842
4715'N/11246'W
97,125
6701'N/15850'W
6633'N/15905'W 870,093
Montana
541,352
5542'N/15531'W 101,172
3635'N/11835'W 163,115
3645'N/11831'W 298,246
92,946
3416'N/10641'W
California
469,633
Illinois
106,661
4155'N/11909'W 230,858
84,921
3832'N/7821'W
Wyoming
986,156
California
529,752
61,788
4142'N/12346'W
Oregon
429,533
Oregon
429,533
Arisona
330,993
Oregon
255,551
California
400,220
California
123,498
Washington
501,676
5651'N/13450'W 153,535
54,067
3708'N/10630'W
Idaho
350,074
California
363,220
218,000
4125'N/7019'W
4849'N/12114'W 256,820
5645'N/13202'W 181,675
South Carolina
145,844
Minnesota
844,365
50,260
3328'N/11117'W
California
337,433
Alabama
156,703
Wyoming
133,991
Idaho
531,192
6239'N/14153'W 283,307
4403'N/11006'W 225,706
Wyoming
674,328
4400'N/12150'W 115,418
Wyoming
231,441
5900'N/16000'W 1,658,207
5939'N/16017'W 918,640

1968
?
1978
1978
?
1972
?
1972
1980
1980
1964
1980
1890
1984
1973
?
?
1931
1926
?
?
1984
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
1980
1980
?
?
1992
1988
1980
?
?
1964
?
?
?
?
1980
1964
?
1978
?
1980
1980

- -
NF-VI
California
540. Toiyabe
NF-VI 5937'N/13846'W
541. Tongass
NF-VI
Arisona
542. Tonto
WF-Ia 5748'N/13312'W
543. Tracy Arm-Fords Terror
NF-VI
California
544. Trinity
SW-Ia 4100'N/12310'W
545. Trinity Alps
NF-VI
Utah
546. Uinta
NF-VI
Washington
547. Umatilla
NF-VI
Oregon
548. Umatilla
NF-VI
Oregon
549. Umpqua
NF-VI
Colorado
550. Uncompahgre
W-Ia 5446'N/16427'W
551. Unimak
SW-Ia 3613'N/12136'W
552. Ventana
NP-II 4830'N/9300'W
553. Voyageurs
NNL-III
Aliaska
554. Walker Lake
NF-VI
Oregon
555. Wallowa
NF-VI
Utah
556. Wasatch
WF-Ia 4405'N/10935'W
557. Washakie
NF-VI
Ohio
558. Wayne
WF-Ia 3735'N/10718'W
559. Weminuche
NF-VI
Washington
560. Wenatchee
WF-Ia 5754'N/13548'W
561. West Chicagof-Yakobi
WF-Ia 3841'N/10716'W
562. West Elk
NF-VI
Nevada
563. White Mountain
NF-VI
Colorado
564. White River
NM-III 3246'N/10618'W
565. White Sands
566. Whitman
NF-VI
Oregon
NF-VI
Oregon
567. Willamette
NF-VI
Alabama
568. William B. Bankhead
WF-Ia 4647'N/12119'W
569. William O. Douglas
NF-VI
Oregon
570. Winema
SP-II 5930'N/15900'W
571. Wood-Tikchik
NP-II 6131'N/14242'W
572. Wrangell-St Elias
NPr-V
Aliaska
573. Wrangell-St. Elias
WN -Ia 6116'N/14136'W
574. Wrangell-St. Elias
NP-II 4440'N/11028'W
575. Yellowstone
SW-Ia 4008'N/12306'W
576. Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel
WN-Ia 3753'N/11935'W
577. Yosemite
NP-II 3752'N/11930'W
578. Yosemite
III
6524'N/14249'W
579. Yukon Charley Rivers
NWR-IV 5959'N/16237'W
580. Yukon Delta
NNL-III
Aliaska
581. Yukon Delta
NM-III
Aliaska
582. Yukon Delta
NWR-IV 6616'N/14706'W
583. Yukon Flats
NP-II 3720'N/11300'W
584. Zion

,
262,388
6,740,409
1,162,817
264,343
422,363
201,591
354,134
125,937
443,156
398,455
382,357
368,265
64,374
87,772
73,173
403,229
343,244
278,073
89,306
187,596
677,003
107,244
78,730
283,047
795,045
58,614
512,589
682,476
73,079
68,104
421,061
629,371
3,382,014
1,962,115
3,674,024
899,139
59,366
274,216
308,273
915,000
7,742,470
760,850
760,850
3,492,513
59,308

?
1907
?
1980
?
1984
?
?
?
?
?
1980
1978
1971
?
?
?
1964
?
1980
?
1980
1980
?
?
1933
?
?
?
1984
?
1978
1978
1980
1980
1872
1964
1984
1890
1978
1980
1980
1980
1980
1909

AUMU - Area Under Management of Ducks Unlimited; Hunting Reserve HR; National Park - NP; Integral Nature Reserve - INR; Partial Reserve PR; HZ - Hunting Zone; GR - Game Reserve; PFS - Partial Faunal Reserve;
308


?
1907
?
1980
?
1984
?
?
?
?
?
1980
1978
1971
?
?
?
1964
?
1980
?
1980
1980
?
?
1933
?
?
?
1984
?
1978
1978
1980
1980
1872
1964
1984
1890
1978
1980
1980
1980
1980
1909

TFS - Total Faunal Reserve; NR - Nature Reserve; FR - Faunal Reserve; PR

- Private Reserve; SR - Special Reserve; SNR - Strict Nature Reserve; HR Hunting Reserve; NaR - National Reserve; CA - Conservation Area; NA Natural Area; CHA - Controlled Hunting Area; S - Sanctuary; WR - Wildlife
Reserve; FR - Faunal Reserve; PR - Presidential Reserve; R - Refuge; GPR
- Game Production Reserve; SNR - Strict Nature Reserve; SR - Special
Reserve; WR - Wildlife Reserve; PFR - Partial Faunal Reserve; BR Biological Reserve; FR - Forest Reserve; BioR - Biosphere Reserve; OA Other Area; SBioR - Biosphere Reserve; FFPA - Flora and Fauna Protection
Area; SR - State Reserve; ZSEC - Zone subject to Ecological Conservation;
HR - Hunting Reserve; NF - National Forest; NM - National Monument;
NNL - National Natural Landmark; NPr - National Preserve; SP - State Park;
SRA - State Recreation Area; SW - State Wilderness; W - Wilderness (Fish
and Wildlife Service); WF - Wilderness (Forest Service); WN - Wilderness
(National Park Service); WA - Wilderness Area; WB - Wilderness (Bureau
of Land Management); NF - National Forest; NRA - National Recreation
Area; NWR - National Wildlife Refuge; PA - Primitive Area; NMP - National
Marine Park; MS - Marine Sanctuary; NMS - National Marine Sanctuary;
NM - National Monument; NS - National Seashore; NHP - National Historic
Park; NG - National Grassland; ONA - Outstanding Natural Area.

309


- -

29.

Alto Andina de la Chinchilla

Barit
Calilegua
Copo
El Leoncito
El Payn
Iber
Iguaz
Ischigualasto
Isla de los Estados
Laguna Brava
Lann
Lann
Los Alerces
Los Glaciares
Los Glaciares
Mar Chiquita
Meseta de Somuncur
Nahuel Huapi
Nahuel Huapi
Nahuel Huapi
Olaroz-Cauchari
Pennsula de Valds
Perito Moreno
San Guillermo
Sierra de Las Quijadas
Talampaya
Urugua-
Volcn Tupungato

30.

Inagua

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.

Chiquibul
Chiquibul
33. Cockscomb Basin
34. Mountain Pine Ridge
35. Ro Bravo Conservation Area
31.
32.

36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.

Altamachi Vicua
Ambor
Bella Vista
Beni
Carrasco Ichilo
Convendo
Cordillera de Sama
Cotapata
Eduardo Avaroa
El Dorado
Estancias Elsner Espritu

PR-IV 2300'S/6500'W 119,730 1992

SNR-Ia 2237'S/6437'W
54,000 1974
SNR-Ia 2341'S/6446'W
52,000 1980
INR-VI 2549'S/6156'W 114,250 1968
AR-Ia 3146'S/6919'W
74,000 1987
TPR-Ia 3621'S/6900'W 192,996 1982
NaR-VI 2806'S/5706'W 1,200,000 1982
SNR-Ia 2539'S/5423'W
53,609 1934
NP-II 2955'S/6806'W
62,916 1971
TPR-VI 5444'S/6416'W
52,000 1991
VR-IV 2826'S/6907'W 405,000 1980
NP-II 2545'N/8118'W 142,600 1937
SNR-Ia 3956'S/7128'W
60,500 1937
SNR-Ia 4255'S/7152'W 147,678 1937
NP-II 2547'N/8122'W 161,790 1937
SNR-Ia 4958'S/7308'W 377,510 1937
NaR-VI 3039'S/6236'W 600,000 1991
RA-VI 4111'S/6650'W 1,600,000 1986
NP-II 4044'S/7131'W 294,970 1934
SNR-Ia 4040'S/7135'W
66,900 1934
NP-II 4103'S/7135'W
77,150 1934
FFR-VI 2341'S/6650'W 180,000 1981
IONR-VI 4237'S/6354'W 360,000 1983
SNR-Ia 2543'N/8116'W
78,800 1937
BRN-IV 2903'S/6926'W 860,000 1972
NP-II 3229'S/6705'W 150,000 1991
PP-II 3002'S/6748'W 215,000 1975
PP-II 2553'S/5410'W
84,000 1988
VT-II 3306'S/6957'W 110,000 1985

NP-II 2105'N/7324'W
74,333 1965

FR-VI 1649'N/8851'W
77,348 1956
NP-II 1639'N/8859'W 107,607 1991
WS-IV 1645'N/8836'W 102,400 1986
FR-VI 1658'N/8853'W
51,282 1920
PR-IV 1746'N/8858'W
68,752 1987

R-IV 2201'S/6632'W 100,000 1977

NP-II 1739'S/6403'W 637,600 1973
WPA-VI 1539'S/6726'W
90,000 1964
BS-Ia 1440'S/6614'W 135,000 1982
NP-II 1723'S/6459'W 622,600 1988
FiR-VI 1559'S/6648'W 249,195 1984
NR-IV 2139'S/6459'W 108,500 1991
NP-II 1615'S/6720'W
58,260 1993
NR-IV 2225'S/6723'W 714,000 1973
Wre-IV 1312'S/6731'W 180,000 1988
Wre-IV 1412'S/6633'W
70,000 1978

310

30
00
00
50
00
96
00
09
16
00
00
00
00
78
90
10
00
00
70
00
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

1992
1974
1980
1968
1987
1982
1982
1934
1971
1991
1980
1937
1937
1937
1937
1937
1991
1986
1934
1934
1934
1981
1983
1937
1972
1991
1975
1988
1985

33 1965

48
07
00
82
52

1956
1991
1986
1920
1987

00
00
00
00
00
95
00
60
00
00
00

1977
1973
1964
1982
1988
1984
1991
1993
1973
1988
1978

R-IV
NP-II
FiR-VI
NP-II
NR-IV
NP-II
NP-II
NR-IV
FR-VI
NP-II
NP-II
FiR-VI
NR-IV
NP-II
NR-IV
NR-IV
NR-IV

- -
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.

Huancaroma Vicua
Isiboro Scure
Itnez
KAA-IYA
Lagunas del Beni y Pando
Llica
Madidi
Manuripi Heath
Masicur-Ro Grande
Noel Kempff Mercado
Piln Lajas
Ro Boopi
Ros Blanco y Negro
Sajama
Tariquia
Ulla Ulla
Yura

,
1739'S/6709'W 140,429 1975
2511'N/8024'W 1,200,000 1965
1253'S/6322'W 1,500,000 1988
1835'S/6140'W 3,441,115 1995
1454'S/6556'W 275,000 1961
2000'S/6817'W
97,500 1990
1310'S/6830'W 1,895,750 1995
2509'N/8042'W 1,884,000 1973
1810'S/6420'W 250,000 ?
1409'S/6049'W 1,523,446 1979
1455'S/6708'W 400,000 1977
1549'S/6707'W 128,000 1979
1442'S/6257'W 1,400,000 1990
1808'S/6849'W 100,230 1942
2203'S/6416'W 246,870 1989
1456'S/6908'W 150,000 1972
1944'S/6620'W
96,853 1974

64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.

Abrolhos
Abufari
Alto Juru
Amaznia
Anavilhanas
Araguaia
Bacia do Rio Sao Bartolomeu
Baixo Sao Miguel
Cabo Orange
Canania - Iguape - Perube (SE-SP)
Car-Car (MT-MS)
Caracara
Caverna do Moroaga
Cavernas-do-Peruau
Chapada Diamantina
Chapada dos Veadeiros
Chico Mendes
Corumbata/ Botucatu / Tejup
Corumbiara
Cuni
das Emas
Escarpa Devoniana
Fazenda Guanandy
Fazenda Sao Gerardo
Fazenda Sao Pedro da Barra
Gorotire
Grande Sertao Veredas
Guajara - Mirim
Guapor
Guaraqueaba
Guaratuba
Gurupi
Ibirapuit

MNP-II 1750'S/3900'W
91,300 1983
BiR-Ia 512'S/6303'W
288,000 1982
ER-VI 940'S/7227'W
506,186 1990
NP-II 400'S/5610'W
994,000 1974
ES-Ia 231'S/6057'W
350,018 1981
NP-II 1030'N/5000'W 562,312 1959
EPA-V 1547'S/4741'W
84,100 1983
SEF-VI 1224'S/6332'W
51,840 1990
NP-II 342'N/5111'W
619,000 1980
EPA-V 2454'S/4738'W 216,000 1984
BR-Ia 1735'S/6000'W
61,126 1971
ES-Ia 243'N/6134'W
80,560 1982
SEPA-V 157'S/5956'W
256,200 1990
EPA-V 1515'S/4313'W 150,000 1989
NP-II 1252'S/4130'W 152,000 1985
NP-II 1400'N/4730'W
65,515 1961
ER-VI 1030'S/6900'W 970,570 1990
SEPA-V
?/?
641,000 1984
SP-II 1312'S/6138'W 586,031 1990
ES-Ia 816'S/6321'W
104,000 1982
NP-II 1802'S/5250'W 131,868 1961
SEPA-V
?/?
392,363 1992
PRNH-IV 2150'S/5535'W 850,000 1994
PRNH-IV 2115'S/5633'W 624,000 1994
PRNH-IV 2110'S/5615'W
88,000 1993
FR-VI 730'S/5200'W 1,843,000 1961
NP-II 1510'N/4540'W
84,000 1989
SP-II 1034'S/6419'W 258,813 1990
BR-Ia 1230'S/6252'W 600,000 1982
EPA-V 2506'S/4832'W 291,500 1985
SEPA-V 2550'S/4850'W 199,596 1992
BR-Ia 349'S/4644'W
341,650 1988
EPA-V 3020'S/5530'W 318,000 1992

311

 - -
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.

Ibitinga
Iguau
Ilha do Maraj
Ilhas Marac e Jipica
Iqu - Juruena
Jacupiranga
Jari (PA-AP)
Jaru
Ja
Juami-Japur
Juami-Japur
Juria - Itatins
Juruena
Juta-Solimoes
Lago Aiapu
Lago Piratuba
Lenis Maranhenses
Litoral Norte
Litoral Sul do Estado
Macau
Mamirau
Marac
Marumbi
Mirador
Monte Roraima
Morro da Pedreira
Morro do Urubu
Munducurnia
Nhamund
Niqui
Pacas Novos
Pantanal Matogrossense
Parima
Pedras Negras
Pico da Neblina
Piquiri-Una
Piracicaba / Juqueri-Mirim
Raso da Catarina
Rio Acre
Rio Cajari
Rio Cautario
Rio Cautario
Rio Madeira (A)
Rio Madeira (B)
Rio Negro
Rio Ouro Preto
Rio Pacas Novos
Rio Preto/Jacunda
Rio Trombetas
Sauim Castanheira
Serra da Bocaina (SP-RJ)

312

SEPA-V
NP-II
SEPA-V
ES-Ia
ES-Ia
SP-II
ES-Ia
BR-Ia
NP-II
ER-Ia
ES-Ia
SES-Ia
FR-VI
ER-Ia
SEPA-V
BiR-Ia
NP-II
SEPA-V
SEPA-V
ER-VI
SES-Ia
ES-Ia
SATI-III
SP-II
NP-II
EPA-V
SEPA-V
FR-VI
SEPA-V
ES-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
FR-VI
SEF-VI
NP-II
SEPA-V
SEPA-V
ER-Ia
ER-Ia
ExR-VI
SEF-VI
SP-II
SEF-VI
SEF-VI
FR-VI
ExR-VI
SEF-VI
SEF-VI
BR-Ia
ER-Ia
NP-II

,
?/?
64,900 1987
2530'S/5400'W 170,086 1939
100'S/4930'W 5,000,000 ?
212'N/5028'W
72,000 1981
1213'S/5924'W 200,000 1981
2452'S/4821'W 150,000 1969
026'S/5253'W
227,126 1982
1000'S/6145'W 268,150 1979
200'S/6200'W 2,272,000 1980
158'S/6754'W
173,200 1983
156'S/6754'W
572,650 1985
2430'S/4714'W
82,000 1980
1130'S/5800'W 1,800,000 1961
308'S/6731'W
288,187 1983
430'S/6221'W
610,000 1990
136'S/5015'W
357,000 1980
230'S/4300'W
155,000 1981
1200'S/3830'W 142,000 1992
1120'S/3728'W
54,200 1993
923'S/6904'W
103,106 1978
213'S/6549'W 1,124,000 1990
326'N/6139'W
101,312 1981
2520'S/4855'W
66,732 1984
630'S/4530'W
385,000 1980
509'N/6018'W
116,000 1989
2042'S/4258'W
66,200 1990
1115'S/3720'W 213,872 1993
700'S/5730'W 1,377,000 1961
221'S/5643'W
195,900 1990
228'N/6118'W
286,600 1985
1100'S/6300'W 765,081 1979
1735'S/5727'W 135,000 1981
330'N/6300'W 1,756,000 1961
1258'S/6226'W 189,175 1990
019'N/6628'W 2,200,000 1979
629'S/3512'W
96,743 1983
?/?
390,000 1987
943'S/3826'W
200,000 1983
1058'S/7017'W
77,500 1981
030'S/5149'W
481,650 1990
1207'S/6426'W 193,312 1990
1141'S/6409'W 121,167 1990
804'S/6307'W
63,812 1990
830'S/6349'W
82,437 1990
050'N/6757'W 3,790,000 1961
1045'S/6439'W 204,583 1990
1118'S/6430'W 353,219 1990
844'S/6244'W 1,055,000 1989
058'S/5650'W
385,000 1979
308'S/6000'W
109,000 1982
2242'S/4423'W 120,000 1971


00 1987
86 1939
00 ?
00 1981
00 1981
00 1969
26 1982
50 1979
00 1980
00 1983
50 1985
00 1980
00 1961
87 1983
00 1990
00 1980
00 1981
00 1992
00 1993
06 1978
00 1990
12 1981
32 1984
00 1980
00 1989
00 1990
72 1993
00 1961
00 1990
00 1985
81 1979
00 1981
00 1961
75 1990
00 1979
43 1983
00 1987
00 1983
00 1981
50 1990
12 1990
67 1990
12 1990
37 1990
00 1961
83 1990
19 1990
00 1989
00 1979
00 1982
00 1971

NP-II
NP-II
SEPA-V
EPA-V
EPA-V
ES-Ia
SEPA-V
SP-II
NP-II
SEPA-V
SP-II
EPA-V
SP-II
SP-II
SES-Ia
BR-Ia
FR-VI
BiR-Ia
ES-Ia

Achaguas
FAP-VI
Aguaro-Guariquito
NP-II
Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare
BRN-VI
Archipilago Los Roques
NP-II
Area Metropolitana de Caracas
PZ-V
Barbacas
FAP-VI
Burro Negro
PZ-V
Canaima
NP-II
Cao Caballo
FAP-VI
Caparo
FR-VI
Cerro Camani y Morrocoy
NM-III
Cerro Guanay
NM-III
Cerro Tamacuare y Serrana Tapirapeco
NM-III
Cerro Uchum y Guanacoco
NM-III
Cerro Vinilla y Aratitiyope
NM-III
Chivapure - Cuchivero
FAP-VI
Cinagas de Juan Manuel, Aguas Blancas y Negras
WRe-IV
Cinagas del Catatumbo
NP-II
Cinaruco-Capanaparo
NP-II
Cuenca Alta de los Ros Maticora y Cocuiza
PZ-V
Cuenca Alta del Ro Cojedes
PZ-V
Cuenca Alta del Ro Tocuyo
PZ-V
Cuenca Alta y Media del Ro Machengo
PZ-V
Cuencas Alta y Media del Ro Pao
PZ-V
Delta del Orinoco
BRN-VI
Delta del Orinoco
NP-II
Duida-Marahuaca
NP-II
El Avila
NP-II
El Bal-Corralito
FAP-VI
El Caura
FR-VI
El Gucharo
NP-II

- -
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.

Serra da Canastra
Serra da Capivara
Serra da Esperana
Serra da Mantiqueira (MG-SP-RJ)
Serra da Tabatinga (MA-TO)
Serra das Araras
Serra das Mangabeiras
Serra do Ara
Serra do Divisor
Serra do Mar
Serra do Mar
Serra do Tabatinga (TO-MT)
Serra do Tabuleiro
Serra dos Reis
Serra dos Tres Irmaos
Tapirap
Tumucumaque
Uatum
Uruu-Una

313

,
2003'S/4650'W
71,525 1972
842'S/4215'W
97,933 1979
?/?
87,750 1992
2220'S/4455'W 402,517 1985
1010'S/4605'W
61,000 1990
1550'S/5715'W 115,000 1982
?/?
96,743 1983
134'N/6329'W 1,818,700 1990
803'S/7329'W
605,000 1989
2330'S/4610'W 548,100 1984
2344'S/4600'W 309,983 1969
1010'S/4604'W
61,000 1990
2808'S/4850'W
90,000 1975
1212'S/6255'W 100,948 1990
912'S/6446'W
99,813 1990
538'S/5033'W
103,000 1989
130'N/5530'W 1,793,000 1961
115'S/6013'W
560,000 1990
808'S/4508'W
135,000 1981
738'N/6814'W
84,213 1992
820'N/6635'W
585,750 1974
310'N/6532'W 8,400,000 1991
1152'N/6646'W 221,120 1972
1026'N/6708'W
84,300 1972
933'N/6655'W
222,460 1992
1024'N/7057'W
75,000 1976
541'N/6154'W 3,000,000 1962
816'N/6716'W
55,960 1992
726'N/7048'W
181,143 1961
538'N/6614'W
120,000 1991
606'N/6622'W
100,000 1991
110'N/6445'W
340,000 1991
449'N/6323'W
990,000 1991
225'N/6527'W
330,000 1991
600'N/6600'W
620,133 1992
922'N/7200'W
71,500 1975
926'N/7208'W
269,400 1991
651'N/6732'W
584,368 1988
1032'N/7045'W 241,500 1974
1010'N/6823'W 276,000 1974
943'N/6948'W
141,600 1974
1009'N/7049'W 113,000 1990
940'N/6814'W
68,000 1974
921'N/6056'W
876,500 1991
925'N/6130'W
331,000 1992
333'N/6533'W
210,000 1978
1032'N/6639'W
85,192 1958
911'N/6811'W
120,385 1992
601'N/6454'W 5,134,000 1968
1004'N/6320'W
62,700 1975

 - -
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.

El Tam
Escalante-Onia-Mucujepe
Formaciones de Tepuyes
Guarapiche
Guatopo
Henri Pittier
Imataca
Jaua Sarisariama
La Danta
La Paragua
Macizo Cuao-Sipapo y Moriche
Macizo Montaoso del Turimiquire
Mrgenes del Ro Gurico
Mrgenes del Ro Guere
Mdanos de Coro
Merejina
Mochima
Morrocoy
Nirgua-Aroa
Pramos del Batalln y La Negra
Parima-Tapirapec
Pedernales
Perij
Piedemonte Norte de la Cordillera Andina
Piedemonte Portuguesa
Pueblito
Regin Lago de Maracaibo, Sierra de Perij
Ro Cataniapo
Ro de los Remedios
Ro Guanipa
Ro Orituco
Ro Pedregal
Ro Tarra
Ro Tucurere
Ro Viejo
Ros Guanare, Bocon, Tucupido, La Yuca y Masparro
Ros Maticora y Cocuiza
San Camilo
San Francisco de la Paragua
San Rafael de Guasare
Santa Rosa
Santo Domingo
Serrana de la Neblina
Serrana de San Luis
Serrana Yutaje-Corocoro
Sierra de Aroa
Sierra de Bobare
Sierra de la Culata
Sierra de Nirgua
Sierra Maigualida
Sierra Marutani

314

NP-II
PZ-V
NM-III
FR-VI
NP-II
NP-II
FR-VI
NP-II
FAP-VI
FR-VI
NM-III
PZ-V
FAP-VI
FAP-VI
NP-II
FAP-VI
NP-II
NP-II
FAP-VI
NP-II
NP-II
FAP-VI
NP-II
PZ-V
FAP-VI
FAP-VI
PZ-V
PZ-V
FAP-VI
FAP-VI
FAP-VI
PZ-V
FAP-VI
FAP-VI
NP-II
PZ-V
FAP-VI
FR-VI
FAP-VI
PZ-V
FAP-VI
FAP-VI
NP-II
PZ-V
NM-III
PZ-V
PZ-V
NP-II
PZ-V
NM-III
NM-III

,
721'N/7204'W
139,000 1978
850'N/7115'W
101,125 1975
622'N/6206'W 1,750,000 1991
1002'N/6242'W 370,000 1963
1005'N/6632'W 122,464 1958
1026'N/6737'W 107,000 1937
820'N/5955'W 3,203,250 1961
437'N/6423'W
330,000 1978
838'N/6944'W
131,295 1992
625'N/6312'W
782,000 1968
455'N/6652'W 1,120,000 1991
1007'N/6406'W 540,000 1974
811'N/6725'W
166,677 1992
943'N/6500'W
93,936 1992
1137'N/6948'W
91,280 1974
850'N/6100'W
302,493 1992
1019'N/6429'W
94,935 1973
1048'N/6813'W
32,090 1974
1030'N/6900'W
68,467 1992
755'N/7156'W
95,200 1989
245'N/6440'W 3,420,000 1991
1000'N/6208'W 246,625 1992
929'N/7303'W
295,288 1978
1007'N/7040'W 431,727 1974
852'N/6919'W
54,065 1992
900'N/6752'W
98,731 1992
913'N/7246'W
244,125 1974
546'N/6719'W
153,800 1993
1100'N/6922'W
80,317 1992
914'N/6405'W
111,562 1992
906'N/6611'W
100,250 1992
1055'N/7016'W 195,900 1978
906'N/7236'W
59,915 1992
1100'N/6838'W
73,473 1992
715'N/7120'W
68,000 1993
859'N/7005'W
400,000 1991
1038'N/7041'W
40,402 1992
710'N/7128'W
110,000 1961
714'N/6355'W
67,000 1992
1048'N/7223'W 302,000 1973
947'N/7219'W
99,264 1992
800'N/6950'W
155,152 1992
105'N/6551'W 1,360,000 1978
1110'N/6948'W
86,000 1987
557'N/6608'W
210,000 1991
1021'N/6854'W 113,000 1991
1031'N/6859'W 140,000 1974
848'N/7056'W
200,400 1989
1016'N/6822'W 146,590 1974
600'N/6500'W
260,000 1991
414'N/6206'W
267,500 1991


00 1978
25 1975
00 1991
00 1963
64 1958
00 1937
50 1961
00 1978
95 1992
00 1968
00 1991
00 1974
77 1992
36 1992
80 1974
93 1992
35 1973
90 1974
67 1992
00 1989
00 1991
25 1992
88 1978
27 1974
65 1992
31 1992
25 1974
00 1993
17 1992
62 1992
50 1992
00 1978
15 1992
73 1992
00 1993
00 1991
02 1992
00 1961
00 1992
00 1973
64 1992
52 1992
00 1978
00 1987
00 1991
00 1991
00 1974
00 1989
90 1974
00 1991
00 1991

,
Sierra Nevada
NP-II 833'N/7055'W
276,446 1952
Sierra Unturn
NM-III 153'N/6527'W
610,000 1991
Sipapo
FR-VI 433'N/6716'W 1,215,500 1963
Sur del Estado Bolvar
PZ-V 425'N/6305'W 7,262,358 1974
Sureste del Lago de Maracaibo Sto. Domingo-Motatn PZ-V 922'N/7023'W
406,662 1974
Sureste del Lago de Maracaibo-Uribante-Caparo
PZ-V 802'N/7130'W
446,600 1974
Tapo - Caparo
NP-II 800'N/7100'W
205,000 1993
Ticoporo
FR-VI 755'N/7038'W
187,156 1955
Tirgua
NP-II 1005'N/6848'W
91,000 1992
Turn
FR-VI 911'N/6620'W
116,400 1950
Turupano
NP-II 1034'N/6243'W
72,600 1991
Yapacana
NP-II 349'N/6644'W
320,000 1978

Kaieteur
NP-II 500'N/5900'W
58,559 1929

Atitln
NP-III 1441'N/9112'W
62,500 1955
Carmelita/Uaxcatn/Melchor
MUR-III 1716'N/8046'W 707,900 1990
Laguna del Tigre
NP-Ia 1732'N/9056'W 270,000 1990
Mirador - Ro Azul
NP-Ia 1745'N/8950'W 101,500 1990
Ro Chiquibul - Montaas Mayas
BRN-VI 1645'N/8911'W
61,884 1989
Ro Salama
FR-III
?/?
63,124 1956
San Miguel - La Palotada - El Zotz
PB-II 1714'N/8948'W
49,500 1989
Sierra de Lacandn
NP-Ia 1659'N/9023'W 187,465 1990
Sierra de las Minas
BRN-VI 1510'N/8937'W 263,300 1990
Tikal
NP-Ia 1723'N/8934'W
57,600 1957

Nouragues
NaR-Ia 403'N/5242'W
100,000 1995

Jeanette Kawas
NP-II 1549'N/8721'W
78,162 1992
Laguna de Caratasca
WR-IV 1530'N/8403'W 120,000 ?
Patuca
NP-II 1430'N/8530'W 220,000 1992
Pico Bonito
NP-II 1534'N/8648'W 112,500 1987
Pico Pijol
NP-II 1515'N/8733'W
16,000 1987
Ro Kruta
BiR-IV 1505'N/8538'W
50,000 ?
Ro Negro
BiR-IV 1309'N/8714'W
60,000 ?
Sierra de Agalta
NP-II 1440'N/8557'W
65,500 1987

Banco de la Plata
WS-IV 2055'N/7040'W
72,240 1986
Del Este
NP-II 1814'N/6842'W
80,800 1975
Erik L. Ekman
NP-II 1845'N/7035'W
57,800 1995
Jaragua
NP-II 1744'N/7131'W 137,400 1983
Juan Pablo Duarte
NP-II 1900'N/7100'W 168,400 1995
Los Haitises
NP-II 1904'N/6936'W 154,300 1976
Monte Cristi
NP-II 1952'N/7143'W 130,950 1983
Sierra de Bahoruco
NP-II 1821'N/7145'W 102,700 1986
Padre Miguel Fuerte Loren
WS-IV 1810'N/7110'W
7,000 1995
Profesor Eugenio de Jess Marcano
WS-IV 2124'N/7020'W
79,707 1995

Antisana
ER-Ia 035'S/7810'W
120,000 1994
Area Boscosa de Napo
NP-VI
?/?
235,000 1978
Aw, Asent. de la Comunidad Indgena
FR-VI 102'N/7829'W
101,000 1988

- -
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.

315


NP-VI
ER-Ia
ER-Ia
FPR-VI
NP-VI
NP-VI
ER-Ia
NP-VI
NP-VI
FPR-VI
MRR-IV
NP-II
NP-VI
NP-II
NP-VI
ER-Ia
NP-II
ER-Ia
NP-VI
NP-VI
NP-II
NP-II
NP-VI
NP-VI
NP-II
NP-II

NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
PFR-V
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNR-III
NNP-II
NNR-III
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II
NNP-II

- -
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
314.
315.
316.
317.
318.
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.

Carrisal Chone
Cayambe-Coca
Cayapas - Mataje
Chimborazo
Coordillera de Cutuc
Cordillera de Molleturo
Cotacachi-Cayapas
Cuenca Daule Peripa
Cuenca Rio Paute
Cuyabeno
Galpagos
Galpagos
Hollin Loreto Coca
Llanganates
Llanganates
Los Ilinizas
Machalilla
Mache Chindul
Manglares
Playn de San Francisco
Podocarpus
Sangay
Subcuencas Rios Toachi y Pilatn
Sumaco
Sumaco - Napo Galeras
Yasun
Amacayacu
Cahuinar
Catatumbo-Bar
Chingaza
Chiribiquete
Cordillera de los Picachos
El Cocuy
El Tuparro
Farallones de Cali
Frontera Colombo-Panamea
La Paya
Las Hermosas
Los Katos
Nevado del Huila
Nukak
Paramillo
Puinawai
Purac
Sanquianga
Sierra de la Macarena
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Sumapaz
Tatam
Tinigua

316

,
040'S/7952'W
75,700 1988
005'N/7743'W
403,103 1970
250'N/7859'W
51,300 1995
127'S/7850'W
58,560 1987
230'S/7810'W
311,500 1990
245'S/7930'W
265,521 1968
035'N/7836'W
204,420 1968
045'S/7940'W
220,835 1987
245'S/7850'W
195,161 1985
002'N/7624'W
655,781 1979
133'N/9155'W 7,990,000 1986
014'S/9043'W
693,700 1959
040'S/7720'W
110,046 1987
051'S/7220'W
219,707 1996
110'S/7820'W
96,167 1991
?/?
149,900 1996
124'S/8042'W
55,059 1979
?/?
70,000 1996
?/?
362,802 1987
030'N/7740'W
131,117 ?
413'S/7902'W
146,280 1982
215'S/7826'W
517,725 1975
040'S/7846'W
214,120 1987
032'S/7732'W
100,045 1987
034'S/7738'W
205,249 1994
119'S/7603'W
982,000 1979
321'S/7008'W
293,000 1975
120'S/7110'W
575,500 1987
903'N/7312'W
158,125 1989
430'N/7340'W
50,374 1977
031'N/7250'W 1,280,000 1989
239'N/7430'W
439,000 1977
633'N/7205'W
306,000 1977
519'N/6828'W
548,000 1970
313'N/7646'W
150,000 1968
?/?
62,375 1977
000'S/7505'W
422,000 1984
348'N/7551'W
125,000 1977
750'N/7710'W
72,000 1973
305'N/7558'W
158,000 1977
153'N/7131'W
855,000 1989
737'N/7613'W
460,000 1977
215'N/6411'W 1,092,000 1989
210'N/7621'W
83,000 1968
233'N/7814'W
80,000 1977
1119'N/7401'W 630,000 1948
1056'N/7336'W 383,000 1959
349'N/7413'W
154,000 1977
505'N/7609'W
51,900 1987
230'N/7408'W
201,785 1989


00 1988
03 1970
00 1995
60 1987
00 1990
21 1968
20 1968
35 1987
61 1985
81 1979
00 1986
00 1959
46 1987
07 1996
67 1991
00 1996
59 1979
00 1996
02 1987
17 ?
80 1982
25 1975
20 1987
45 1987
49 1994
00 1979

00
00
25
74
00
00
00
00
00
75
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
85

1975
1987
1989
1977
1989
1977
1977
1970
1968
1977
1984
1977
1973
1977
1989
1977
1989
1968
1977
1948
1959
1977
1987
1989

NNP-II
-
Barra del Colorado
NP-IV
Chirrip
NP-II
Chirrip (Cabcar)
AR-VI
Corcovado
NP-II
La Amistad (Talamanca)
NP-II

Baconao
HR-IV
Cayo Romano
NP-V
Delta del Cauto
WR-IV
Escambray
IMA-V
Gran Parque Sierra Maestra
IMA-V
Peninsula Guanahacabibes
HR-IV
Subarchipielago de Sabana - Camaguey
IMA-V
Sur Isla de la Juventud
NP-V

Martinique
RNP-V

Bosawas
NRR-VI
Cayos Miskitos
MR-Ia
Estero Real
NaR-IV
Ro Indio Maz
BiR-Ia

Chagres
NP-II
Darin
NP-II
Isla Coiba
NP-II
La Amistad
NP-II
Palo Seco
PF-VI

Defensores del Chaco

NP-II
San Rafael
NP-II
Tinfunqu
NP-II
Ypo
NP-II

Alto Mayo
PF-VI
Bahuaja-Sonene
NP-II
Calipuy
NR-VI
Cerros de Amotape
NP-II
El Angolo
HA-VI
Huascarn
NP-II
Junn
NR-V
Man
NP-II
Pacaya Samiria
NR-VI
Paracas
NR-VI
Pui-Pui
PF-VI
Ro Abiseo
NP-II
Salinas y Aguada Blanca
NR-V
San Matas-San Carlos
PF-VI
Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo
CR-VI
Yanachaga Chemilln
NP-II

- -
344.
345.
346.
347.
348.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.
372.
373.
374.
375.
376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
387.

Utra

317

,
557'N/7721'W
54,300 1987
1040'N/8344'W
930'N/8329'W
?/?
833'N/8335'W
928'N/8318'W

92,000
50,150
66,200
54,539
193,929

1985
1975
1976
1975
1982

?/?
2200'N/7745'W
?/?
?/?
2000'N/7639'W
?/?
?/?
?/?

79,500
92,000
60,000
187,000
527,000
101,500
178,908
80,000

?
1986
?
1986
1980
?
?
1992

1438'N/6054'W

70,150 1976

1417'N/8453'W
1426'N/8250'W
1252'N/8712'W
1058'N/8402'W

730,000
50,000
55,000
295,000

1991
1991
1983
1990

923'N/7926'W
736'N/7757'W
733'N/8146'W
913'N/8249'W
907'N/8230'W

129,000
579,000
270,125
207,000
125,000

1984
1980
1991
1988
1983

2013'S/6027'W
2622'S/5539'W
2355'S/6017'W
2603'S/5733'W

780,000
78,000
280,000
100,000

1975
1992
1966
1992

532'S/7733'W
182,000 1987
1310'S/6915'W 537,053 1996
836'S/7821'W
64,000 1981
409'S/8037'W
91,300 1975
417'S/8047'W
65,000 1975
920'S/7723'W
340,000 1975
1059'S/7607'W
53,000 1974
1208'S/7142'W 1,532,806 1973
511'S/7457'W 2,080,000 1982
1405'S/7617'W 335,000 1975
1113'S/7501'W
60,000 1985
741'S/7714'W
274,520 1983
1601'S/7110'W 366,936 1979
1035'S/7501'W 145,818 1987
440'S/7250'W
322,500 1991
1022'S/7521'W 122,000 1986

 - -

Bigi Pan
Eilerts de Haan
390. Raleighvallen-Voltzberg
391. Sipaliwini
392. Tafelberg
388.
389.

393.
394.
395.
396.
397.
398.
399.
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.

MUM-VI 558'N/5649'W
NaR-IV 314'N/5641'W
NaR-IV 442'N/5604'W
NaR-IV 204'N/5603'W
NaR-IV 353'N/5611'W
- ()
North, Middle & East Caicos
NaR-IV 2147'N/7155'W

Alacalufes
NaR-IV 5305'S/7336'W
Alberto de Agostini
NP-II 5438'S/7137'W
Bernardo O'Higgins
NP-II 4850'S/7536'W
Cabo de Hornos
NP-II 5542'S/6720'W
Cerro Castillo
NaR-IV 4555'S/7154'W
Conguillo
NP-II 3840'S/7142'W
Isla Magdalena
NP-II 4420'S/7313'W
Katalalixar
NaR-IV 4736'S/7421'W
Lago General Carrera
NaR-IV 4644'S/7214'W
Laguna San Rafael
NP-II 4654'S/7331'W
Las Guaitecas
NaR-IV 4454'S/7420'W
Las Vicuas
NaR-IV 1835'S/6911'W
Lauca
NP-II 1811'S/6916'W
Llullaillaco
NP-II 2450'S/6851'W
Los Flamencos
NaR-IV 2300'S/6800'W
Nevado de Tres Cruces
NP-II 2713'S/6905'W
uble
NaR-IV 3706'S/7114'W
Pampa del Tamarugal
NaR-IV 1957'S/6945'W
Puyehue
NP-II 4027'S/7206'W
Queulat
NP-II 4429'S/7224'W
Torres del Paine
NP-II 5103'S/7258'W
Vicente Prez Rosales
NP-II 4111'S/7212'W
Villarrica
NP-II 3924'S/7146'W
Villarrica
NaR-IV 3909'S/7151'W
Volcn Isluga
NP-II 1917'S/6853'W

Blue Mountain Reserve

FR-VI 1802'N/7631'W

68,320
220,000
78,170
100,000
140,000

1987
1966
1966
1972
1966

54,400 1992
2,313,875
1,460,000
3,525,901
63,093
179,550
60,832
157,640
674,500
178,400
1,742,000
1,097,975
209,131
137,883
262,000
73,987
59,082
55,948
100,650
107,000
154,093
181,414
253,780
61,000
60,005
174,744

1969
1965
1969
1945
1970
1950
1983
1983
1974
1959
1938
1983
1970
1995
1990
1994
1978
1988
1941
1983
1959
1926
1940
1912
1967

41,940 1950

IONR Integral Objective Touristic Nature Reserve; SNR Strict Nature

Reserve; TNR Touristic Nature Reserve; NaR Nature Reserve; WR
Wildlife Refuge; WRe - Wildlife Reserve; WS -Wildlife Sanctuary; FFR
Flora and Fauna Reserve; PR Provincial Reserve; PP Provincial Park;
RNP - Regional Nature park; VR-Vicua Reserve; TPR Total Provincial
Reserve; RA Reserved Area; AR Atmospheric Reserve; BRN Biosphere
Reserve (National); INR Integral Nature Reserve; TPR Touristic, Historic,
Ecological Provincial Reserve; BS - Biological Station; BiR - Biological
Reserve;FR - Forest Reserve; FiR - Fiscal Reserve; NR - National Reserve;
RP - Regional Park; R - Reserve; WPA - Watershed Protection Area; WRe Wildlife Refuge; ES - Ecological Station; ExR - Extractive Reserve; SES State Ecological Station; SEPA - State Environmental Protection Area; SP 318

20
00
70
00
00

1987
1966
1966
1972
1966

00 1992

75
00
01
93
50
32
40
00
00
00
75
31
83
00
87
82
48
50
00
93
14
80
00
05
44

1969
1965
1969
1945
1970
1950
1983
1983
1974
1959
1938
1983
1970
1995
1990
1994
1978
1988
1941
1983
1959
1926
1940
1912
1967

State Park; ER - Ecological Reserve; MR - Marine Reserve; MNP - Marine

National Park; EPA - Environmental Protection Area; PRNH - Particular
Reserve of Natural Heritage; EPA - Environmental Protection Area; SATI Special Area of Touristic Interest; SEF - State Extractive Forest; NNP Natural National Park; NNR - Natural National Reserve; PFR - Protection
Forest Reserve; AR - Anthropological Reserve; NWR - National Wildlife
Refuge; HA - Hunting Area; HR - Hunting Reserve; FPR - Faunal Production
Reserve; MRR - Marine Resource Reserve; IMA - Integrated Management
Area; WR - Wildlife Refuge; MUR - Multiple Use Reserve; MUM - Multiple
Use Management Area; PB - Protected Biotope; WR - Wildlife Refuge; NRR
- National Resources Reserve; PF - Protected Forest; CR - Communal
Reserve; FAP - Forest Area under Protection; NM - National Monument;
PZ - Protective Zone.

40 1950

319

MAA-V
NP-II
PA-VI
NNR -Ia
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
WP-Ia
CP-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
FHA-IV
NP-II
FHA-IV
NP-II
MP-V
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
CA-VI
PA-VI
RR-VI
MP-VI
NP-II
NNR- Ia
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
CP-Ia
NP-II
NR-Ia
NP-II
NP-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
NR-Ia
NNR- Ia
CP-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II

- -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.

Alardju
Alpine
Arthur-Pieman
Ashmore Reef
Barlee Range
Beekeepers
Big Desert
Billiatt
Bladensburg
Blue Mountains
Bowling Green Bay
Bowling Green Bay
Broad Sound
Bulleringa
Cairns
Cape Arid (No. 24047)
Cape Melville
Cape Range
Carnarvon
Central Plateau
Central Plateau
Chowilla
Cobourg
Collier Range
Coringa-Herald
Cradle Mountain Lake St Clair
Croajingolong
Currawinya
Daintree
Danggali
Davenport Murchison
De La Poer Range
D'Entrecasteaux
Deua
Diamantina
Drysdale River
Dundas
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs
Elliot Price
Eungella
Expedition
Fitzgerald River (No. 31737)
Flinders Ranges
Francois Peron
Frank Hann
Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers

320

1149'S/13258'E
3358'S/14058'E
4130'S/14455'E
1208'S/12308'E
2324'S/11553'E
2923'S/11458'E
3407'S/14158'E
3459'S/14028'E
2230'S/14259'E
3400'S/15014'E
1920'S/14715'E
1926'S/14657'E
2220'S/14950'E
1739'S/14356'E
1630'S/14530'E
3358'S/12313'E
1426'S/14428'E
2203'S/11400'E
2454'S/14802'E
4149'S/14632'E
4127'S/14630'E
3342'S/14050'E
1126'S/13158'E
2439'S/11907'E
2904'S/15901'E
4149'S/14756'E
3409'S/14209'E
2855'S/14427'E
1608'S/14502'E
3320'S/14043'E
2051'S/13456'E
2729'S/12242'E
3420'S/11533'E
3552'S/14946'E
2333'S/14123'E
1456'S/12702'E
3224'S/12217'E
2901'S/15901'E
2847'S/13720'E
2057'S/14840'E
2501'S/14854'E
3350'S/11936'E
3125'S/13842'E
2542'S/11333'E
3252'S/12019'E
4219'S/14551'E

,
71,920
642,080
96,950
58,300
104,544
68,063
142,300
59,147
84,900
247,021
68,600
55,400
165,000
54,400
535,644
278,120
137,000
50,581
298,000
89,200
98,000
74,614
223,667
235,162
885,600
160,883
87,500
151,300
76,000
253,660
114,066
74,935
114,566
82,926
470,000
448,264
780,883
188,000
64,570
51,700
108,000
320,615
91,247
52,529
67550
440,809

1994
1989
1982
1983
1969
1991
1909
1940
1984
1967
1989
1977
1986
1992
1989
1954
1973
1964
1990
1990
1978
1993
1983
1978
1983
1922
1979
1991
1967
1976
1993
1991
1969
1979
1993
1974
1981
1987
1967
1936
1991
1973
1945
1993
1963
1939


1994
1989
1982
1983
1969
1991
1909
1940
1984
1967
1989
1977
1986
1992
1989
1954
1973
1964
1990
1990
1978
1993
1983
1978
1983
1922
1979
1991
1967
1976
1993
1991
1969
1979
1993
1974
1981
1987
1967
1936
1991
1973
1945
1993
1963
1939

47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.

- -

Gammon Ranges
Gibson Desert
Goongarrie
Grampians
Great Barrier Reef
Great Sandy
Great Victoria Desert
Gregory
Gurig
Guy Fawkes
Hamelin Pool (No. 6)
Heathlands
Hervey Bay
Hincks
Idalia
Innamincka
Jardine River
Jilbadji
Kakadu
Kalbarri
Kanangra-Boyd
Karijini
Karroun Hill
Keep River
Kennedy Range
Kosciusko
Lake Eyre
Lake Frome
Lake Gairdner
Lake Magenta
Lake Torrens
Lakefield
Lawn Hill
Lihou Reef
Litchfield
Little Desert
Lumholtz
Mackay/Capricorn
Mallee Cliffs
Mckinlay River
Mermaid Reef
Millstream-Chichester (No. 30071)
Mootwingee
Moreton Bay
Morton
Mount Manning
Mungaroona Range
Mungkan Kandju

321

NP-II
NR-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
CMP-VI
NP-II
NR-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
NP-Ia
MP-VI
RR-VI
MP-V
CP-Ia
NP-II
RR-VI
NP-II
NR-Ia
CNP-II
NP-II
NP-Ia
NP-II
NR-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-Ia
RR-VI
NP-Ia
NR-Ia
NP-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
NNR- Ia
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
MP-V
NP-Ia
CA-II
NNR- Ia
NP-II
NP-II
MP-V
NP-II
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NP-II

,
3026'S/13916'E 122,875
2455'S/12530'E 1,858,286
60,397
3007'S/12130'E
3416'S/14207'E 167,200
2000'S/15000'E 34,480,000
2613'S/15302'E 140,000
2939'S/12754'E 2,495,777
1538'S/13115'E 1,288,173
1136'S/13207'E 226,484
63,394
3000'S/15220'E
3220'S/11744'E 132,000
1137'S/14235'E 126,000
2455'S/15300'E 203,703
66,285
3351'S/13557'E
2449'S/14436'E 144,000
2738'S/14027'E 1,381,995
1109'S/14221'E 237,000
3159'S/11938'E 208,866
1200'S/13203'E 1,910,656
2751'S/11430'E 183,004
65,280
3357'S/15006'E
2308'S/11815'E 627,445
3002'S/11747'E 309,678
57,235
1549'S/12908'E
2434'S/11502'E 141,660
3500'S/14820'E 647,097
2840'S/13731'E 1,349,251
3042'S/13946'E 259,239
3141'S/13551'E 548,143
3339'S/11912'E 107,812
3102'S/13751'E 567,654
1524'S/14426'E 537,000
1815'S/13806'E 282,000
1704'S/15104'E 843,691
1314'S/13101'E 145,879
3419'S/14214'E 132,000
1832'S/14616'E 125,000
2200'S/15030'E 1,821,256
57,969
3414'S/14234'E
52,340
1308'S/13144'E
53,984
1737'S/11937'E
2136'S/11705'E 150,609
68,912
3110'S/14230'E
2719'S/15318'E 272,993
3447'S/15023'E 162,674
3144'S/11903'E 153,293
3349'S/12159'E 105,842
1335'S/14252'E 457,000

1970
1977
1978
1984
1979
1971
1970
1990
1981
1972
1990
1994
1989
1941
1990
1988
1977
1977
1979
1963
1969
1980
1983
1981
1993
1944
1985
1991
1991
1958
1991
1979
1984
1982
1986
1968
1994
1988
1977
1993
1991
1969
1967
1993
1967
1979
1970
1994


95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.

- -

Murray-sunset
Namadgi
Neale Junction
Ngarkat
Ningaloo
Ningaloo (No. 2)
Ningaloo (State waters)
Nitmiluk
Nocoleche
Nombinnie
North Wyperfeld
Nullarbor
Nullarbor
Nuytsland
Ord River
Pilliga
Pinkawillinie
Plumridge Lakes
Prince Regent
Pumistone Passage
Pureba
Purnululu (No. 39897)
Purnululu (No. 39898)
Queen Victoria Spring
Repulse
Rudall River
Shannon
Shark Bay
Simpson Desert
Simpson Desert
Simpson Desert
Snowy River
Solitary Islands
South Wyperfeld
Southwest
Southwest
Staaten River
Stirling Range (No. 14792)
Strzelecki
Sturt
Sunset
Tallaringa
Territory Of Heard and McDonald Islands
Toolonga
Townsville/ Whitsunday
Uluru-Kata Tjuta
Undara Volcanic
Unnamed

322

NP-II
NP-II
NR-Ia
CP-Ia
CMP-VI
MP-VI
MP-VI
NP-II
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
WP-Ia
NP-II
RR-VI
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NR-IV
CP-Ia
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
MP-V
CP-Ia
R-II
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
FHA-IV
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
MNR-Ia
NP-II
CP-Ia
RR-VI
NP-II
MR-VI
WP-Ia
CA-VI
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
RR-VI
NP-II
WP-Ia
CP-Ia
CAT-Ia
NR-Ia
MP-V
CNP-II
NP-II
CP-Ia

,
3424'S/14130'E 633,000
3540'S/14857'E 105,845
3351'S/11653'E 723,073
3543'S/14036'E 207,941
2232'S/11332'E 232,600
3104'S/11504'E 225,564
3104'S/11504'E 226,128
1406'S/13215'E 292,099
74,000
2956'S/14405'E
70,000
3301'S/14543'E
97,900
3527'S/14146'E
3130'S/12957'E 588,283
3054'S/13032'E 2,278,517
3117'S/11812'E 625,344
79,842
3421'S/11732'E
80,059
3054'S/14930'E
3259'S/13551'E 127,164
3252'S/11805'E 308,990
3350'S/11555'E 634,952
2658'S/15307'E 630,000
3202'S/13417'E 149,172
1729'S/12815'E 239,723
79,602
2830'S/11444'E
3501'S/11707'E 272,598
71,000
2040'S/14850'E
3338'S/11530'E 1,283,706
52,598
3155'S/11751'E
3249'S/11848'E 748,735
2459'S/13821'E 1012,000
2615'S/13752'E 692,680
2646'S/13731'E 2,964,200
98,700
3436'S/14228'E
85,000
3007'S/15313'E
61,300
3544'S/14136'E
4250'S/14535'E 238,699
4308'S/14605'E 608,298
1615'S/14240'E 470,000
3426'S/11820'E 115,661
2854'S/13947'E 1,165,350
2717'S/14137'E 310,634
3445'S/14107'E 126,900
2847'S/13324'E 1,268,764
5308'S/7330'E 1,138,260
3255'S/11736'E 405,424
1920'S/14715'E 519,683
2519'S/13101'E 133,089
61,500
1814'S/14441'E
2906'S/12915'E 2,128,900

1991
1980
1977
1979
1987
1987
1992
1989
1979
1978
1909
1979
1989
1967
1980
1968
1970
1971
1959
1986
1990
1987
1987
1976
1986
1987
1984
1990
1967
1967
1988
1978
1991
1909
1966
1951
1977
1957
1991
1972
1991
1991
1987
1990
1987
1977
1993
1970


1991
1980
1977
1979
1987
1987
1992
1989
1979
1978
1909
1979
1989
1967
1980
1968
1970
1971
1959
1986
1990
1987
1987
1976
1986
1987
1984
1990
1967
1967
1988
1978
1991
1909
1966
1951
1977
1957
1991
1972
1991
1991
1987
1990
1987
1977
1993
1970

NP-II
NP-II
NR-Ia
NR-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NR-Ia
RR-VI
NP-II
NR-Ia
CP-Ia
NR-Ia

NP-II
NR-Ia
CP-V
CP-V
CP-V
NP-II
NPSA-Ia
NPWA-Ia
NP-II
CP-V
CP-V
MR-Ia
CP-V
NP-II
NP-II
CP-V
NP-II
NPWA-Ia
NR-Ia
CP-V
CP-V
CP-V
CP-V
NPWA-Ia
NP-II
NP-II
CP-V
NP-II
CP-V

- -

143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.

Wadbilliga
Walls of Jerusalem
Wandana
Wanjarri
Watarrka
Welford
West Macdonnell
White Mountains
Witjira
Wollemi
Wooroonooran
Wyperfeld
Yarra Ranges
Yathong
Yellabinna
Yengo
Yeo Lake
Yumbarra
Zuytdorp

162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.

Arthur's Pass
Auckland Islands
Catlins Forest Park
Coromandel Forest Park
Craigieburn Forest Park
Fiordland
Fiordland (Takahe)
Glaisnock
Kahurangi
Kaimanawa Forest Park
Kaweka Forest Park
Kermadec Islands
Lake Sumner Forest Park
Mount Aspiring
Mount Cook
Mt Richmond Forest park
Nelson Lakes
Olivine
Pegasus
Pureora Forest Park
Raukumara Forest Park
Ruahine Forest Park
Tararua Forest Park
Tasman
Tongariro
Urewera
Victoria Forest Park
Westland
Whirinaki

323

,
79,459
3626'S/14932'E
51,800
4156'S/14615'E
54,821
3045'S/11512'E
53,248
3313'S/11705'E
2420'S/13130'E 105,717
2505'S/14316'E 124,000
2338'S/13259'E 206,973
2043'S/14512'E 108,000
2622'S/13537'E 771,109
3252'S/15028'E 492,220
79,500
1735'S/14544'E
3441'S/14252'E 356,800
76,000
3442'S/14246'E
3236'S/14531'E 107,241
3110'S/13314'E 2,501,551
3302'S/15053'E 139,861
3214'S/11715'E 321,946
3142'S/13333'E 321,127
58,850
3114'S/11547'E

1979
1981
1972
1971
1989
1993
1992
1990
1985
1979
1991
1909
1995
1971
1990
1988
1974
1968
1964

4253'S/17142'E 114,394 1929

5045'S/16600'E
62,564 1934
4630'S/16919'E
60,588 1974
3708'S/17541'E
71,899 1972
4307'S/17140'E
44,165 1967
4546'S/16640'E 1,257,000 1904
4523'S/16732'E 177,252 1953
4455'S/16740'E 124,800 1974
4110'S/17232'E 452,000 1996
3908'S/17556'E
76,684 1969
3919'S/17621'E
66,972 1974
3020'S/17830'E 748,000 1990
4242'S/17212'E 105,771 1974
4419'S/16847'E 355,531 1964
4335'S/17018'E
70,699 1953
4123'S/17324'E 188,392 1977
4157'S/17243'E 101,753 1956
4424'S/16832'E
83,000 1996
4707'S/16746'E
67,441 1907
3833'S/17534'E
74,178 1978
3758'S/17753'E 115,102 1979
3954'S/17607'E
93,260 1976
4047'S/17525'E 116,536 1967
4333'S/17010'E
86,946 1996
3913'S/17534'E
76,504 1894
3829'S/17707'E 212,600 1954
4210'S/17202'E 210,731 1981
4316'S/17016'E 117,547 1960
3845'S/17641'E
54,921 1932


,
-
WMA-VI 506'S/14657'E
58,969
WMA-VI 914'S/14310'E
184,230
WMA-VI 900'S/14207'E
590,000

- -
191. Crown Island (III)
192. Maza (I)
193. Tonda (I)

1977
1978
1975

CAT - Commonwealth Antarctic Treaty; CMP - Commonwealth Marine Park;

CNP - Commonwealth National Park; NNR - National Nature Reserve; NP National Park; MR - Marine Reserve; NR Nature Reserve; CA Conservation Area; MAA - Management Agreement Area; MP - Marine Park;
FHA - Fish Habitat Area; RR - Resources Reserve; CP - Conservation Park;
RR - Regional Reserve; PA - Protected Area; WP - Wilderness Park; R Reserve; MNR - Marine Nature Reserve; CP - Conservation Park; MR Marine Reserve; NPSA - National Park Special Area; NPWA - National Park
Wilderness Area; WMA - Wildlife Management Area.

1.
2.
3.

,

Eastern Dallman Bay
Ia SSSI 6410'S/6250'W
71,000 1991
Western Bransfield Strait
Ia SSSI 6327'S/6210'W 110,000 1991
27,900 1975
Barwick Valley
Ia SSSI 7700'S/16100'E

- -

SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

14.
15.
16.
17.

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.

34.

35.
36.
37.
38.

39.
40.
41.
42.

43.

44.

324

1977
1978
1975

- -

1.
2.
3.
4.

Ahaggar
Djelfa
El Kala
Tassili N'Ajjer

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Bikuar
lona
Kameia
Kisama
Luando
Luiana
Mavinga
Mocamedes
Mupa

14.
15.
16.
17.

Atakora
Boucle de la Pendjari
Pendjari
W (Benin)

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.

Arly
Arly
Central Kalahari
Chobe
Deux Bales
Gemsbok
Kabore-Tambi
Khutse
Kourtiagou
Makgadikgadi
Moremi
Nxai Pan
Pama
Sahel
Singou
W du Burkina Faso

NP-II
HR-IV
NP-V
NP-II

2250,N/520'E
3440'N/315'E
3654'N/824'E
2440'N/835'

4,500,000
32,000
80,000
1,140,000

1987
1983
1983
1986

NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
INR-IV
PR-IV
PR-IV
PR-IV
NP-II

15I4'S/I445'E
1647'S/1230'E
1205'/240'
941'S/l335'E
1100'S/1732'E
17l6'S/2230'E
1537'S/2 l02'E
1538'S/1228'E
1550'S/1529'E

790,000
1,515,000
1,445,000
950,000
828,000
840,000
595,000
445,000
660,000

1964
1964
1938
1957
1955
1966
1966
1960
1964

HZ-VI
NP-II
HZ-VI
NP-II

11o10'N/l56'E
11I5'N/132'E
1055'N/lo17'E
1157'N/243'E

122,000
275,500
175,000
502,000

1980
1961
1980
1954

PFS-IV
TFR-IV
GR-IV
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
GR-IV
PFS-IV
NP-II
GR-IV
NP-II
PFS-IV
PFS-IV
TFR-IV
NP-II

11o25'N/ll0'E
113'N/l35'E
226'S/2358'
1837'S/2423'E
1137'N/258'W
2509'S/2 l09'E
1124'N/109'W
2331'S/24I2'E
1130'N/157'E
2027'S/2447'E
19l8'S/2321'
1950'S/2446'E
1126'N/043'E
1437'N/052'W
1140'N/l01'E
1157'N/210'E

130,000
76,000
5,180,000
1,057,000
56,600
2,766,500
242,700
260,000
51,000
487,710
496,830
240,240
223,000
1,600,000
192,000
235,000

1954
1954
1961
1968
1967
1971
1976
1971
1957
1992
1965
1971
1955
1970
1955
1954

NP-IV

306'S/3024'E

50,800

1980

FR-IV
FR-IV
FR-IV
PR-IV

030'S/1136'E
2I5'S/1027'E
215'S/937'E
029'S/935'E

530,000
80,000
50,000
48,000

1962
1962
1966
1972

NP-II
NP-II
GPR-VI
NP-II

82'N/22'W
715'N/000'E
1030'N/210'W
9043'N/1044'W

182,060
347,830
56,540
484,040

1971
1971
1975
1971

SNR-Ia

8l2'N/92'W

112,300

1943

7o34'N/38o30'E

88,7001

1970

1991
1991
1975

34. Ruvubu

35.
36.
37.
38.

Lope
Moukalaba-Dougoua
Petit Loango
Wonga-Wongue

39.
40.
41.
42.

Bui
Digya
Gbele
Mole

43. Massif du Ziama

44. Abijatla-Shalla Lakes

NP-II

325

- -

, ra

45.
46.

Afdem-Gewane
Akobo

CHA-VI
CHA-VI

939'N/4045'E
646'N/3449'E

593,200
504.900

1973
1973

47.

Alledeghi

WR-1V

913'N/4028'

183,200

1973

48.

Arsi

CHA-VI

753'N/3927'E

1,087,600

1973

49.

Awash

NP-I1

855'N/400'E

75,240

1969

50.

Awash West

CHA-VI

1017'N/4019'E

913,600

1973

51.
52.
53.

Awash West
Babile Elephant
Bale

WR-IV
S-II
CHA-VI

859'N/3947'E
905'N/4220'E
642'N/3910'E

178,100
698,200
966,300

1973
1970
1973

54.

Bale

WR-IV

65'N/3955'E

176,600

1973

55.

Bale Mountains

NP-II

653'N/3940'E

247,100

1969

56.

Borana

CHA-VI

429'N/3852'E

4,536,600

1973

57.
58.

Chercher & Arba Gugu

Chew Bahr

CHA-VI
WR-IV

840'N/4110'
459'N/3652'E

304,500
421,200

1973
1973

59.

Dabus Valley

CHA-VI

1027'N/3503'E

212,700

1973

60

Eastern Hararghe (Harar-Wabi Shebelle)

CHA-VI

759'N/4234'E

2,378,800

1973

61.

Erer-Gota

CHA-VI

953'N/4111'

238,600

1973

62.

Gambella

NP-II

758'N/34 06'E

506,100

1974

63.

Gewane

WR-IV

1026'N/40 42'E

243,900

1973

64.

Jikao

CHA-VI

818'N/34 15'E

337,500

1973

65.

Mago

66.
67.
68.
69.

NP-II

533 N/3613 E

216,200

1975

Mille-Sardo

WR-IV

1147'N/4108'

876,600

1973

Murle

CHA-VI

443'N/3618'E

417,200

1973

Nechisar
Onio

NP-II
NP-II

600'N/3754'E
548'N/3539'

51,400
406,800

1973
1966

70.

West

CHA-VI

525'N/3538'E

456,100

1973

71.

Shire

WR-IV

1404'N/3743'E

75,300

1973

72.
73.

Tama
Tedo

WR-IV
CHA-VI

604'N/3605'E
733'N/3404'E

326,900
234,700

1973
1973

74.
75.

Yabello
Yangudi Rassa

S-II
NP-II

454'N/3834 E
1059'N/4045'E

249,600
473,100

1985
1976

76.
77.

Gash-Setil
Nakla

WR-IV
WR-IV

1504'N/3650'E
622'N/3843'

70,900
163,900

1959
1959

78.

Yob

WR-IV

1713'N/3745'E

265.800

1959

79.

Bardawil Lake

NA-IV

3110'N / 15'

60,000

1985

80.
81.
82.

Gebel Elba
Ras Mohammed
Zaranikh (El Arish)

CA-IV
NP-II
NA-IV

2210'N/36 19'E
2747'N/3412'E
3110'N/3327'E

480,000
61,500
60,000

1986
1983
1985

83.
84.

Bangweulu
Bilili Springs

GMA-VI
GMA-VI

1155,S/2953'E
1625'S/2615'E

657,000
308,000

1971
1971

85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.

Chambeshi
Chiawa
Chibwika-Ntambu
Chisomo
Chizera
Isangano
Kafinda
Kafue

GMA-VI
GMA-VI
GMA-VI
GMA-VI
GMA-VI
NP-II
GMA-VI
NP-II

1118'S/3030'E
1229',S/2433'E
1348',S/3033'E
134l'S/2442'E
1108'S/3035'E
1218'S/2954*E
1512',S/2538'E

62,000
234,400
155,000
339,000
228,000
84,000
386,000
2,240,000

1971
1991
1971
1971
1971
1972
1971
1951

93.

Kafue Flats

GMA-VI

1535',S/2707'E

517,500

1971

326

?/?

94

95

96
97

98

99
10

10

10

10

10
10

10

10

10
10

11

11

11

11

11
11

11

11

11

11
12

12

12

12
12

12

12

12

12

12
13
13

13
13

13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14

14

973
973
973
973
969
973
973
970
973
973
969
973
973
973
973
973
973
974
973
973
975
973
973
973
966
973
973
973
973
985
976
959
959
959
985
986
983
985
971
971
971
991
971
971
971
972
971
951
971

-' -

, ra

94.

Kalaso Mukoso

GMA-VI

I203'S/2934'E

67,500

1971

95.

Kansonso-Busanga

GMA-VI

1359'S/2541'E

778,000

1971

96.
97.

Kapula
Lavushi Manda

GMA-VI
NP-II

840'S/2947'E
1246'S/2446'E

360,000
150,000

1971
1972

98.

Liuwa Plain

NP-I1

1427'S/2232,E

366,000

1972

99.
100.

Lower Zambezi
Luano

NP-H
GMA-VI

1526'S/3006'E

1457'S/2933'E

409,200
893,000

1983
1971

101.

Lukusuzi

NP-II

1243'S/3236'E

272,000

1972

102.

Lukwakwa

GMA-VI

125l'S/2430'E

254,000

1971

103.

Luniimba

GMA-VI

1224'S/3227'E

450,000

971

104.
105.

Lunga-Luswishi
Lupande

GMA-VI
GMA-VI

1337'S/2644'E
1316'S/3203'E

1,334,000

484,000

1971
1971

106.

Lusenga Plain

NP-II

922'S/2914'E

88,000

1972

107.

Luwingu

GMA-VI

1055'S/3043'E

109,000

1971

108.
109.

Machiya-Fungulwe
Mansa

GMA-VI
GMA-VI

I331'S/2734'E
1204'S/2910'E

153,000
207,000

1971
1971

110.

Mulobezi

GMA-VI

1639'S/2535'E

342,000

1971

111.

Mumbwa

GMA-VI

1504'S/2629'E

337,000

1971

112.

Munyamadzi

GMA-VI

1221'S/3149'E

330,000

1971

113.

Musalangu

GMA-VI

1 l11'S/3247'E

1,735,000

1971

114.
115.

Musele-Matebo
Mweru-Wantipa

GMA-VI
NP-II

1238'S/2506'E
839'S/2925'E

370,000
313,400

1971
1972

116.

Namwala

GMA-VI

153 'S/2622'E

360,000

1971

117.

North Luangwa

NP-II

1149'S/3209'E

463,600

1972

118.

Nsumbu

NP-II

843'S/3022'E

206,300

1985

119.
120.

Sandwe
Sichifula

GMA-VI
GMA-VI

1346'S/3119'E
I648'S/2547'E

153,000
360.000

1971
1971

121.

Sioma Ngwezi

NP-II

1714'S/2326'E

527,600

1972

122.

South Luangwa

NP-II

100'S/15'

905,000

1972

123.
124.

Tondwa
West Lunga

GMA-VI
NP-II

840'S/3009'E
1249'S/2447'E

54,000
168,400

1971
1972

125.

West Petauke

GMA-VI

1408'S/3019'E

414,000

1971

126.

West Zambezi

GMA-VI

152'S/2227'E

3,807,000

1971

127.

Ch arara

SA-VI

163'S/2906'E

169,400

1975

128.

Chete

SA-VI

172'S/2745'E

108,100

1975

129.
130.
131.

Chewore
Chirisa
Chizarira

SA-VI
SA-VI
NP-II

1609'S/2949'E
1744'S/2752'E
1744'S/2752'E

339,000
171,300
191,000

1964
1975
1975

132.
133.

Dande
Deka

SA-VI
SA-VI

1556'S/3016'E
I829'S/2623'E

52,300
51,000

1975
1975

134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.

Doma
Gonarezhou
Hurungwe
Hwange (Wankie)
Kariba
Mana Pools
Matetsi
Matusadona
Mfurundzi
Sapi

SA-VI
NP-II
SA-VI
NP-II
RP-V
NP-II
SA-VI
NP-II
SA-VI
SA-VI

1628'S/30 12'E

2135'S/3154'E
1607'S/2905'E
1906'S/26o42'E
1648,S/2818'E
I556'S/2925'E
1759'S/2526'E
I655'S/2838'E
1659'S/3149'E
1548'S/2942'E

94,500
505,300
287,800
1,465,100
283,000
219,600
295,500
140,700
76,000
118,000

1975
1975
1975
1949
1979
1975
1975
1975
1976
1975

144.

Zambezi

NP-II

1754'S/2541'E

56,300

1979

327

145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.

-' -

Benoue

Bouba Ndjidah
Campo

Dja
Douala-Edea
Faro
Korup
152. Waza
Aberdare
154. Arawale
155. Bisanadi
156. Boni
157. Dodori
158. Kora
59. Losai
160. Malka Mari
161. Marsabit
162. Masai Mara
163. Mem
164. Mount Kenya
165. North Kitui
166. Rahole
167. Sibiloi
168. South Kitui
169. South Turkana
170. Tsavo East
171. Tsavo West
153.

172.

Conkouati

173.

Dimonika-Mayombe

174. Lefini
175. Lekoli-Pandaka
176. M'boko
177. Nouabal-Ndoki
178. Odzala
179. Zellaf
180. Ambalovaky
181. Andohahela
182. Ankarafantsika
183. Isalo
184. Marojejy
185. Tsaratanana
186. Tsingy de Bemaraha
187. Zahamena
Kasungu
Lengwe
190. Livvonde
188.
189.

NP-II
821'N/1354'
NP-II
833'N/1438'E
FR-iV
223'N/1005'
FR-IV
307'N/1302'E
FR-IV
340'N/941'E
NP-II
814'N/1237'E
NP-II
515'N/902'E
NP-II
11I8'N/1440'E

NP-II
022'S/3644'E
NaR-VI
l24'S/4009'E
NaR-VI
005'N/3825'E
NaR-VI
135'S/4118'E
NaR-VI
150'S/4107'E
NP-II
014'S/3844'E
NaR-VI
138'N/3735'E
NP-II
411'N/4046'E
NaR-II
223'N/3756'E
NaR-Il
l28'S/3505'E
NP-II
005'/3810'
NP-H
007'S/3721'E
NaR-VI
015'S/3829'E
NaR-VI
005'N/3857'E
NP-II
400'N/3619'E
NaR-VI
l48'S/3846'E
NaR-II
l50'N/3545'E
NP-II
244'S/3847'E
NP-II
3I9'S/3757'E

FR-IV
350'S/1128'E
NR-IV
4l3'S/1221'E
FR-IV
253'S/I518'E
FR-IV
041'N/1450'E
HR-VI
031'N/1453'E
NP-II
235'N/1635'E
NP-II
051'N/14o56'E

NR-IV
2732'N/1450'E

SR-IV
!655'S/4835'E
SNR-Ia
2440'S/4644'E
SNR-Ia
1608'S/4705'E
NP-II
2223'S/4516'E
SNR-Ia
1426'S/4942,E
SNR-Ia
1357'S/4852'E
SNR-Ia
1837'S/4445'E
SNR-Ia
1737'S/4849'E

NP-II
1253'S/3309'E
NP-II
1614'S/3445'E
NP-II
1448'S/3520'E

328

180,000
220,000
300,000
526,000
160,000
330,000
125,900
170,000

1968
1968
1932
1950
1932
1980
1986
1968

76,619
53,324
60,600
133,900
87,739
178,780
180,680
87,600
155,400
151,000
87,044
71,759
74,500
127,000
157,085
183,300
109,100
1,174,700
906,500

1950
1974
1979
1976
1976
1989
1976
1989
1949
1974
1966
1949
1979
1976
1973
1979
1979
1948
1948

144,294
136,000
630,000
68,200
90,000
386,592
126,600

1980
1989
1951
1955
1955
1993
1940

100,000

1978

60,050
76,020
60,520
81,540
60,150
48,622
152,000
73,160

1958
1939
1927
1962
1952
1927
1927
1927

231,600
88,700
53,800

1970
1970
1973

19
19
19
19

19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20

20

20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21

21
21
21
21
22
22

22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23

23
23
23
23
23

968
968
932
950
932
980
986
968

950
974
979
976
976
989
976
989
949
974
966
949
979
976
973
979
979
948
948

980
989
951
955
955
993
940

978

958
939
927
962
952
927
927
927

970
970
973

- -

191.
192.
193.
194.

Majete
Nkhola-Kota
Nyika
Vwaza Marsh

195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.

Ansongo-Menaka
Badinko
Bafing Makana
Boucle du Baoul
Douentza
Falaise de Bandiagara
Fina
Gourma Elephant
Kini-Baoul
Kongossambougou

205.

Bouarfa

206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.

Banhine
Gile
Gorongosa
Limpopo Valley
Maputo
Marromeu
Niassa
Paradise Island
Zambezi
Zinave

216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.

Addax Sanctuary
Air and Tinir
Dosso
Gadabedji
Tamou
W du Niger

222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.

Chad Basin
Cross River
Falgore (Kogin Kano)
Gashaka-Gumti
Kainji Lake
Kashimbila
Lame-Burra
Old Oyo
Orle River
Yankari

232.
233.
234.
235.
236.

Addo Elephant
Baviaanskloof
Cederberg
Greater St. Lucia
Groot Swartberg

, a

WR-IV
WR-IV
NP-I1
WR-IV

1554'S/3434'E
1250'S/3400'E
1030'S/3353'E
1058'S/3325'E

70,000
180,200
313,400
98,600

1955
1954
1965
1977

PFR-IV
FR-IV
FR-IV
NP-II
PFR-IV
S-III
FR-IV
PFR-IV
FR-IV
FR-IV

1530'N/137'
1331'N/928'W
1238'N/1020'W
1342'N/855'W
?/?
1423'N/325'W
1312'N/839'W
1544'N/245'W
1354'N/1025'W
1356'N/837'W

1,750,000
193,000
158,989
350,000
120,000
400,000
136,000
1,200,000
67,500
92,000

1956
1951
1990
1954
1960
1969
1954
1959
1952
1955

220,0001

1967

700,000
210,000
375,000
1,200,000
90,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
377,000
1,000,000
500,000

1972
1960
1960
1979
1969
1969
1960
1972
1981
1972

1,280,000
7,736,000
306,500
76,000
75,600
220,000

1988
1988
1962
1955
1962
1954

230,000
400,000
92,000
586,000
532,000
139,600
205,767
253,000
110,000
225,400

1991
1991
1969
1991
1975
1977
1972
1991
1960
1991

51,309
177,521
64,400
258,686
81,496

1931
1923
1971
1995
1978

PHA-IV
3230'N/159'W

NP-II
2249'S/3255'E
GR-IV
1639'S/3827'E
NP-II
1850'S/3429'E
WUA-VI
2311'S/3153'E
GR-IV
2623'S/3248'E
GR-IV
1900'S/3500'E
GR-IV
1204'S/3657'E
MNP-II
?/?
WUA-VI
1900'S/3500'E
NP-II
2135'S/3333'E

SNR-Ia
1917'N/922'E
NNaR-IV
1812'N/956'E
PFR-IV
1236'N/236'E
TFR-IV
1509'N/709'E
TFR-IV
1232'N/222'E
NP-II
1215'N/225'E

NP-II
1225'N/1415'E
NP-II
530'N/0831'E
GR-IV
115'N/0840'
NP-II
723'N/1134,E
NP-II
1005'N/406'E
GR-IV
650'N/949'E
GR-IV
1038'N/910'E
NP-II
844'/344'
GR-IV
649'N/6036'E
NP-II
950'N/1028'E
-
NP-II
3355'S/2550'E
NR-IV
3340'S/2415'E
WA-Ia
3215'S/1915'E
WP-II
2806'S/3227'E
SF-IV
3325'S/2200'E

329

- -

237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.

Hawequas
Hluhluwe-Umfolozi
Kalahari Gemsbok
Kruger
Melkbos-Houtbay Rock Lobster
Natal Drakensberg
Pilanesberg
Richtersveld
Saldanha Bay Rock Lobster
Sunshine Coast
Tsitsikamma

248.
249.

Nyungwe
Akagera

250.
251.
252.
253.
254.

Ferlo-Nord
Ferlo-Sud
Maka-Diama
Delta du Saloum
Niokolo-Koba

255.

Outamba-Kilimi

256.
257.

Bushbush
Alifuuto (Arbowerow)

258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
273.

Ash ana
Bire Kpatuos
Chelkou
Kidepo
Numatina
Rahad
Sabaloka
Tokar
Zeraf
Bandingilo
Boma
Dinder
Radom
Shambe
Southern
Arkawit

274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.

Biharamulo
Burigi
Endulen
Gombe
Grumeti
Handeni
Ikorongo
Kalavi
Kigosi

, a

SF-IV
-
NP-II
NP-II
S-IV
P-II
NP-IV
NP-II
S-IV
NR-IV
NP-II

3345'S/2225'E
28l5'S/3155'E
2545'S/2023'E
2400'S/3140'E
3350'S/1825'E
2915'S/2930'E
2515'S/2704'E
2815'S/1710'E
3302'S/l758'E
3338'S/2648'E
3403'S/2340'E

64,634
96,453
959,103
1,962,362
83,400
242,813
55,250
162,445
83,400
69,251
63,942

1906
1989
1931
1926

FR-IV
NP-II

230'S/2914'E
l31'S/3033'E

90,000
250,000

1933
1934

1543'N/1400'W
1454'N/1356'W
?/?
1342'N/I643'W
1303'/1302'W

487,000
633,700
60,000
76,000
913,000

1971
1972

946'N/l200'W

80,8131

027'S/4118'E
347'N/4553'E

334,000
180,000

1969

854'N/26022'E
?/?
816'N2622'
404'N/3328'E
654'N/2720'
1306'N/3455'E
?/?
?/?
844'N/3034'E
520'N/3208'
609'N/3347'
1226'N/3513'E
950^/2445'
652'N/3046'E
632'N/2840'E
?/?

90,000
500,000
550,000
120,000
210,000
350,000
116,000
630,000
970,000
1,650,000
2,280,000
890,000
1,250,000
62,000
2,300,000
82,000

1939
1939
1939
1975
1939
1939
1946
1939
1939
1986
1986
1935
1980
1985
1939
1939

224'S/3126'E
220'S/3106'E
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?
7/7
65l'S/3103'E
?/?

130,000
220,000
60,000
300,000
200,000
350,000
300.000
225,300
700,000

1959
1980
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974

1967
1979
1991

?
1987
1964

FR-IV
FR-IV
HR-VI
NP-II
NP-II
-
NP-IV |

GR-VI
NR-IV

GR-VI
GR-VI
GR-VI
GR-VI
GR-VI
GR-VI
GR-IV
GR-VI
GR-VI
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
NP-II
WS-VI

GR-IV
GR-IV
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
NP-II
GCA-VI

330

1976
1954
1986

28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32

3
3

3
3
3
3

1906
1989
1931
1926

283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
314.
315.
316.
317.
318.
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
325.
326.

1967
1979
1991

1987
1964

1933
1934

1971
1972
7

1976
1954

986

1969
?

1939
1939
1939
1975
1939
1939
1946
1939
1939
1986
1986
1935
1980
1985
1939
1939

1959
1980
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974

- -

Kigosi
Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro
Kilombero
Kitwai
Kizi go
Kongwa
Lake Natron
Loliondo
Lolkisale
Longido
Luganzo
Lukwati
Mahale Mountain
Maswa
Mic-wa-Mbu
Mikumi
Mkomazi
Mkungunero
Mlele
Moyowosi
Msima
Muhuwesi
Mwambesi
Ngorongoro
Ngorongoro
Nyonga
Ruaha
Rumanyika
Rungwa
Rungwa River
Ruvu Masai
Ruvu Same
Sanya-Lelatema
Selous
Serengeti
Simanjiro
Tarangire
Udzungwa Mountain
Ugalla River
Ugunda
Umba
Utengule Swamps
Uwanda

, a

GR-IV
GR-IV
NP-II
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GR-IV
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
NP-II
GR-IV
GCA-VI
NP-II
GR-IV
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GR-IV
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
CA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
NP-II
GR-IV
GR-IV
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GCA-VI
GR-IV
NP-II
GCA-VI
NP-II
NP-II
GR-IV
GCA-VI
GR-IV
GCA-VI
GR-IV

342,S/3134'E
256'S/3717'E
302'S/379'E
?/?
?/?
627'S/34I7'E
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?
610'S/2950'E
258'S/34I9'E
?/?
733'S/3715'E
404'S/38o02'E
?/?
?/?
350'S/3121'E
?/?
?/?
?/?
302'S/3524'E
?/?
?/?
741'S/3430'E
112'S/3047'E
653'S/3402'E
?/?
?/?
?/?
?/?
837'S/3742'E
211'S/3500'E
?/?
431'S/3607'E
752'S/3635'E
550'S/3154'E
?/?
419'S/3834'E
?/?
746'S/3200'E

700,000
90,000
75,575
650,000
350,000
400,000
150,000
300,000
400,000
150,000
150,000
250,000
200,000
157,700
220,000
150,000
323,000
100,000
70,000
300,000
600,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
828,800
1,500,000
3,500,000
1,295,000
80,000
900,000
150,000
150,000
100,000
80,000
5,000,000
1,476,300
200,000
260,000
190,000
500,000
150,000
150,000
50,000
500,000

1983
1974
1973
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1985
1969
1974
1964
1951
1974
1974
1982
1974
1974
1974
1959
1974
1974
1964

NP-II
NP-II

849'N/049'
1009'N/041'

192,000
163,640

1951
1950

218'N/3406'E
205'N/3127'E
307'N/3142'E
152'N/3410'E

203,363
74,830
175,220
50,400

1967
1968
1963
1966

?
1951
1974
1974
1974
1974
1922
1951
1974
1970
1992
1964
1974
1974
1974
1971

327. Fazao-Malfakassa
328. Kran
329.
330.
331.
332.

Bokora Corridor
Bugungu
East Madi
East Teso

GR-IV
GR-IV
CHA-VI
CHA-Vl

331

333.
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
346.
347.
348.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.

- -

Karuma
GR-IV
205'N/3206'E
Katonga
CHA-VI
021'N/3051'
Kidepo Valley
NP-II
352'N/3350'
Lipan
CHA-VI
340'N/3320'
Matheniko
GR-IV
249'N/3433'E
Mount Kei White Rhino
S-IV
341'N/3108'E
Murchison Falls
NP-II
217'N/3148'E
North Karamoja
CHA-VI
323'N/34o04'E
North Teso
CHA-VI
213'N/3347'E
Pian Upe
GR-IV
144'N/3424'E
Queen Elizabeth
NP-II
004'S/3000'E
Rwenzori Mountains
NP-II
002'S/3010'E
Sebei
CHA-VI
122'N/3433'E
Semliki
CHA-VI
106'N/3023'
South Karamoja
CHA-VI
208'N/3442'E

GR-IV
055'N/3022'E
West Madi
CHA-VI
325'N/31032'E
-
Andre Felix
NP-II
929'N/23I8'E
Aouk-Aoukale
FR-IV
952'N/2125'E
Avakaba Presidential Park
PR-IV
840'N/2040'E
Bamingui-Bangoran
NP-II
835'N/1943'E
Dzanga-Ndoki
NP-II
2055'N/I626'E
Dzanga-Sangha
SR-VI
253'N/I613'E
Gribingui-Bamingui
FR-IV
741'N/1917'E
Koukourou-Bamingui
FR-IV
724'N/1957'E
Manovo-Gounda-Saint Floris
NP-II
931'N/2121'
Nana-Barya
FR-IV
740'N/I729'E
Ouandjia-Vakaga
FR-IV
902'N/2218,E
Vassako-Bolo
SNR-Ia
806'N/1947'E
Yata-Ngaya
FR-IV
915'N/2325'E

Abou Tel fane

FR-IV
1207'N/1851
Bahr Salamat
FR-IV
1033'N/1926'E
Binder-Liri
FR-IV
918'N/1517'E
Fada Archei
FR-IV
1655'N/2121'E
Manda
NP-II
910'N/1752'E
Mandelia
FR-IV
1225'N/1457'
Ouadi Rim-Ouadi Achim
FR-IV
1541'/1940'
Siniaka-Minia
FR-IV
1026'N/1802'E
Zakouma
NP-II
1052'N/1939'E

, a

71,272
229,869
134,367
89,856
158,656
52,242
383,907
1,079,330
124,000
228,715
197,752
99,576
253,490
50,400
789,970
54,858
83,123

1964
1963
1962
1963
1964
1938
1952
1962
1966
1964
1952
1991
1963
1963
1962
1929
1963

170,000
330,000
250,000
1,070,000
122,000
335,900
438,000
110,000
1,740,000
230,000
130,000
86,000
420,000

I960
1939
1980
1933
1990
1990
1940
1940
1933
1952
1925
1960
1960

110,000
2,060,000
135,000
211,000
114,000
138,000
8,000,000
426,000
300,000

1955
1964
1974
1967
1969
1969
1969
1965
1963

Hunting Reserve - HR; National Park - NP; Integral Nature Reserve - INR; Partial Reserve - PR; HZ - Hunting Zone;
GR - Game Reserve; GCA - Game Controlled Area; PFS - Partial Faunal Reserve; TFS - Total Faunal Reserve; NR Nature Reserve; FR - Faunal Reserve; PR - Private Reserve; SR - Special Reserve; SNR - Strict Nature Reserve; HR
- Hunting Reserve; NaR - National Reserve; CA - Conservation Area; NA - Natural Area; CHA - Controlled Hunting
Area; S - Sanctuary; P - Park; WR - Wildlife Reserve; WS - Wildlife Sanctuary; PR - Presidential Reserve; GPR - Game
Production Reserve; SNR - Strict Nature Reserve; SR - Special Reserve; PFR - Partial Faunal Reserve; S - Sanctuary;
PHA - Permanent Hunting Reserve; MNP - Marine National Park; WUA - Wildlife Utilization Area; NNaR - National
Nature Reserve; PFR - Partial Faunal Reserve; TFR - Total Faunal Reserve; FoR - Forest Reserve; WP - Wetland Park;
SF - State Forest; WA - Wilderness Area; GM A - Game Management Area; RP - Recreation park; SA - Safari Area.

332

964
963
962
963
964
938
952
962
966
964
952
991
963
963
962
929
963

960
939
980
933
990
990
940
940
933
952
925
960
960

. ( (, , 2002).

955
964
974
967
969
969
969
965
963

. .
- , ( 2000).

333

. -
. , ( 2001).

. ( 2001).

334

- ,

15

- ,

51

67

97

203

247

258

273

335

,


kov@mail.uzhgorod.ua ruthenia@cec.uzhgorod.ua
.
. ..

15.08.2002. 60x84/16.
. .
... 20,5. Times New Roman.
400 . 800
_________________________________________

88000, . , . ., 12, .115.
,

8 4 2000 .

336

337

2. . (2000 ).

4. .
(2000 ).

1.
. (2000 ).

3. . (2000
).

 5. . (2000 )

6. . (2000 ).

7. (). Photo Phil

Court.

8. ( )

338

 9. ( . .)

10. (Photo
G.Erikson).

11. (-).
. .

339

 12. - 13.
(1999 ).
(Photo ., 2000).

14.
(Photo Alexander B. Lang, 1999)

15. .
-
(1999 ).

340

341

18. Carabus variolosus .

20. Monochamus sartor.

17. .

19. Lucanus cervus.

16. ( ).

 21. .
(Photo S.Massimo).

23.
(Photo The WOOROONOORAN

22. .
(Photo S.Massimo).

24. (Photo The LEARNING Company, Inc., USA)

342

343

26 . (Photo S.G. Haberle, 1999)

28. (). Photo Web Page

Camargue.

25 . (Photo Parks Canada /WBNP/ P. McCloskey)

27 . (Photo Roman Garba 1999).

344

31. (Photo Pat Holleran, Shannon I T,

1996-1997).

29. (Photo Pat Holleran, Shannon I T,

1996-1997).

32. (Photo Business & Nature,

2000)

30. (Photo Nature & Company

Lim. 1999).

345

35. (Photo Wild Things

Phot., USA)

33. - (Photo Wild Things Phot., USA)

36. (Photo )

37. (Polyborus plancus).

34. (Photo K. Massimo)

 38. (Photo Brian "Hawaiian" Moriki Copyright).

40. (Photo Brayen/

"Hawaiian" Moriki Copyright).

39. (Photo
S. Osolinski).

42. (Photo Federation

des Parcs Naturels Regionaux).
41. (Photo A.B.Lang, 1999).

346

347

45. (Photo Gail Shumway)

44. (Photo Parks Canada/

WBNP/WBWB 397)

46.
(Photo World Conservation Monitoring Center)
47. Thaumaste fernandensis (Photo Juan Pablo
Berlinger).

43. (Photo Gerri Ellis/Ellis Nature Photography)

348

50. - (Photo World Conservation Monitoring Center).

48. (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) .

51. (Eurypelma smithtii).

49. (Photo Robert Brown) .