The boiling point of

comparable molar mass:

Compounds Relative molar mass
CH3CH2CH2CH3 58
CH3CH2Cl 64.5
CH3COCH3 58
CH3CH2CH2NH2 59
CH3CH2CH2OH 60
CH3COOH 60

Carboxylic acid > alcohol > amine >

carbonyl compound ≈ haloalkane >
alkane

Increasing the boiling point

Reason:
(i) Alkanes are non-polar molecules (van der
waals forces) & cannot form hydrogen bond
(ii) Haloalkanes and carbonyl compounds
cannot form hydrogen bond although they
are polar compounds (van der waals forces)
 Dipole-dipole interactions
tarikan dwikutub-dwikutub
(van der Waals
(daya forces)
van der waals)

δ- O C δ+

δ+ C O δ-

Dipole-dipole interactions
tarikan dwikutub-dwikutub
(van der Waals
(daya forces)
van der waals)

(iii) Amine, alcohol and carboxylic acid

can form inter-molecular hydrogen bonds

(iv) The hydrogen formed between amine

molecules is weaker than alcohol since
nitrogen atom less electronegative than oxygen

(v) The boiling point of carboxylic acid is higher

than alcohol because the molecules exist as
stable dimers through hydrogen bonding. The
molecules are closer and the hydrogen bonds are
stronger in comparison with alcohol
hydrogen bond

O H O
R C C R
O H O
hydrogen bond