THE PROTOZOA

UNICELLULAR - EUCARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS FOUND IN THE KINGDOM PROTISTA NO COMMON BASIC STRUCTURE, SIZE OR SHAPE SIZE VARIES GREATLY - 2 TO 5,000 MICROMETERS DISTRIBUTION FREE LIVING FORMS

 PARASITIC FORMS (MANY ANIMALS CARRY PROTOZOANS AS NORMAL FLORA) FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF FREE LIVING FORMS NaCl CONCENTRATION pH TEMPERATURE OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS

 NUTRITION FREE LIVING FORMS - PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PARTICULATE MATTER COMPLEX NUTRITIONAL NEEDS ALL ARE CHEMOHETEROTROPHS STORAGE PRODUCTS - GLYCOGEN, STARCH AND LIPIDS REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL BINARY FISSION, MULTIPLE FISSION OR BUDDING

 SEXUAL - SYNGAMY OR CONJUGATION CLASSIFICATION (ORGANELLES OF MOTOLITY) KINGDOM: PROTISTA PHYLUM: PROTOZOA GROUPINGS: AMOEBA, FLAGELLATES, CILIATES, SPOROZOA AMOEBA - PSEUDOPODIA - NO CELL WALL AMOEBA PROTEUS - FREE LIVING AMOEBA

 ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
Causes: Amoebic Dysentery

ACANTHAMOEBA Sp.
Causes: 1. Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis 2. Keratitis

 FLAGELLATES - FLAGELLA (MOST HUMAN PATHOGENS IN THIS GROUP) MOST PRIMITIVE OF THE PROTOZOANS CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAGELLA

EUGLENA Sp.

PATHOGENIC FLAGELLATES
GIARDIA LAMBLIA TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS TRYPANOSOMA SP.

CILIATES

MOST ADVANCED OF THE PROTOZOA ORAL GROOVE CONTRACTILE VACUOLE NUCLEAR DIMORPHISM REPRODUCTION ASEXUALLY BY BINARY FISSION SEXUALLY BY CONJUGATION PATHOGENIC CILIATE BALANTIDIUM COLI

 Treatment for protozoan infections is usually an antibiotic called metranidazole also called flagyl.

SPOROZOA
ALL OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES ALL HAVE COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES PATHOGENIC SPOROZOAN-PLASMODIUM Sp. CAUSATIVE AGENT OF MALARIA FOUR SPECIES CAUSE MALARIA

1. P. MALARIAE 2. P. OVALE 3. P. VIVAX 4. P. FALCIPARUM LIFE CYCLE OCCURS IN TWO ORGANISMS MOSQUITO (ANOPHELES Sp.) AND ANIMAL BODY SEXUAL CYCLE IN MOSQUITO ASEXUAL CYCLE IN HUMAN BODY

 3 IMPORTANT STAGES IN LIFE CYCLE SPOROZOITE MEROZOITE GAMETOCYTE LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM

 SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA MOST DEADLY FORM IS P.FALCIPARUM HOW MALARIA KILLS

 TREATMENT FOR MALARIA QUININE AND ITS DERIVATIVES CHLOROQUINE PRIMAQUINE MEFLOQUINE - LARIUM SIDE EFFECTS OF LONG TERM USE OF QUININE HALLUCINATIONS CONVULSIONS EMOTIONAL CHANGES

 VACCINE????

 TOXOPLASMOSIS CAUSED BY TOXOPLASMA GONDII SEEN MOSTLY IN PEOPLE WITH COMPROMISED IMMUNE SYSTEMS CATS ARE AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF THIS PROTOZOAN THE ORGANISM REPLICATES IN THE INTESTINE OF THE CAT. IT PASSES OUT OF THE CAT IN ITS FECAL MATERIA PEOPLE INJEST THE ORGANISM