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Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Bob^‘f“k ab rk moldo^j^

K^ ‘ob^‘f“k ab rk moldo^j^ ab loabk^alo ‘lkpq^ dbkbo^ijbkqb ab rk^ pbofb ab m^plp ‘i^o^jbkqb afcb-
obk‘f^alp.

Daf‘f“k

Di mofjbo m^pl ‘lkpfpqb bk rp^o rk bafqlo ab qbuqlp v ‘ob^o rk cf‘ebol nrb ‘lkqbkd^ bi ‘“afdl abi
moldo^j^ bk B. Dpqb ‘“afdl, kloj^ijbkqb ii^j^al ‘“afdl crbkqb, pbosfoƒ m^o^ a^o fkpqor‘‘flkbp mob‘fp^p ^i
loabk^alo. Olo bgbjmil, i^ pfdrfbkqb ifkb^ ab ‘“afdl crbkqb bk B fkaf‘^ ^i loabk^alo nrb ab_b jlpqo^o bi
jbkp^gb bkqob ‘ljfii^p bk i^ m^kq^ii^:

printf( "Esto es un mensaje" ); ó cout<< "Esto es un mensaje" ;

Di cloj^ql abi qbuql ^ajfqfal mlo i^ j^vlo¤^ ab ‘ljmfi^alobp pb _^p^ bk bi B“afdl Dpqƒka^o @jbof-
‘^kl m^o^ bi Hkqbo‘^j_fl ab Hkcloj^‘f“k (@RBHH). K^ j^vlo m^oqb ab ilp mol‘bp^alobp ab qbuql rqfifw^k
‘“afdlp bpmb‘f^ibp m^o^ a^o cloj^ql ^ ilp al‘rjbkqlp, mlo il nrb kloj^ijbkqb kl mrbabk pbo rp^alp ‘ljl
bafqlobp ab moldo^j^p.

Di cf‘ebol crbkqb ab rk moldo^j^ ab_b do^_^opb ‘lk rk klj_ob. Mloj^ijbkqb, bi klj_ob abi cf‘ebol
ab_b mbojfqfo fkqrfo nr§ e^‘b bi moldo^j^. @af‘flk^ijbkqb, ilp cf‘ebolp crbkqb bk B prbibk qbkbo i^ buqbkpf“k
†.‘‡ l †.‘mm‡ m^o^ fabkqfcf‘^oilp cƒ‘fijbkqb.

Bljmfi^‘f“k

Orbpql nrb bi loabk^alo bp fk‘^m^w ab bkqbkabo afob‘q^jbkqb rk ibkdr^gb ab ^iql kfsbi ‘ljl B, ^kqbp
ab nrb rk moldo^j^ mrba^ bgb‘rq^opb bk bi loabk^alo ab_b qo^ar‘fopb ^ ibkdr^gb jƒnrfk^. Dpq^ qo^ar‘‘f“k i^
ob^ifw^ rk moldo^j^ ii^j^al ‘ljmfi^alo nrb, a^al rk cf‘ebol crbkqb, molar‘b rk cf‘ebol ‘lk i^p
fkpqor‘‘flkbp ab ibkdr^gb jƒnrfk^ ‘loobpmlkafbkqbp ^i moldo^j^ crbkqb lofdfk^i. Di krbsl cf‘ebol ob‘f_b bi
klj_ob ab cf‘ebol l_gbql.

Di cf‘ebol l_gbql prbib qbkbo bi jfpjl klj_ob nrb bi cf‘ebol crbkqb, mbol ‘lk i^ buqbkpf“k . NA I (l .
l bk TMHW).

Llkq^gb

Dk bi qbo‘bo m^pl, i^p afcbobkqbp m^oqbp abi ‘“afdl ‘ljmfi^al pb ‘lj_fk^k m^o^ ‘ob^o bi moldo^j^ bgb‘r-
q^_ib.

O^oqb abi ibkdr^gb B ‘lkpfpqb bk rk^ if_obo¤^ ab crk‘flkbp mob‘ljmfi^a^p nrb ‘lkqfbkb ‘“afdl l_gbql.
K^p crk‘flkbp bk bpq^ if_obo¤^ ob^ifw^k lmbo^‘flkbp ab rpl cob‘rbkqb, ‘ljl jlpqo^o a^qlp bk m^kq^ii^ l ibbo
a^qlp ab rk cf‘ebol. K^ crk‘f“k mofkqc abi bgbjmil ^kqboflo bp rk^ crk‘f“k ab af‘e^ if_obo¤^. @p¤ mrbp, bi
cf‘ebol l_gbql molar‘fal ^i ‘ljmfi^o bi cf‘ebol crbkqb ab_b ‘lj_fk^opb ‘lk bi ‘“afdl l_gbql ab i^ if_obo¤^ m^o^
‘ob^o bi cf‘ebol abi moldo^j^ bgb‘rq^_ib.

B^_b abpq^‘^o nrb bk i^ j^vlo¤^ ab ‘ljmfi^alobp ^‘qr^ibp, ‘ljl ilp nrb crk‘flk^k bk LR-CNR l
LR-Vfkaltp, ‘ljmfi^‘f“k v jlkq^gb pb ob^ifw^k ‘ljl pf crbpbk rk^ pli^ ^‘‘f“k.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 1 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Oofjbolp m^plp ‘lk B

@ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^ bi moldo^j^ jƒp pbk‘fiil mlpf_ib bk B:

slfa j^fk()

x z

Slal moldo^j^ bk B ab_b qbkbo rk^ v p“il rk^ crk‘f“k j^fk (). Dpq^ crk‘f“k ab_boƒ ‘lkpq^o ab rk^
pbofb ab pbkqbk‘f^p (bk bpqb ‘^pl s^‘¤^) abifjfq^a^ mlo ilp p¤j_lilp x z. Cf‘e^p pbkqbk‘f^p bpmb‘fcf‘^k i^
pb‘rbk‘f^ ab ^‘‘flkbp nrb bi moldo^j^ ab_boƒ iibs^o ^ ‘^_l.

Dk B mrbabk mlkbopb ‘ljbkq^oflp bk ‘r^inrfbo ird^o abi moldo^j^, rqfifw^kal ilp p¤j_lilp / * * /. Di
‘ljmfi^alo ab B fdklo^ qlal bi qbuql bkqob bi fkf‘fl abi ‘ljbkq^ofl (/*) v bi cfk^i abi jfpjl (*/). @'^afo
‘ljbkq^oflp ^ rk moldo^j^ bk B kl fk‘objbkq^ bi q^j^'l ab ilp cf‘ebolp l_gbql kf bgb‘rq^_ib, kf q^jml‘l
obq^oa^ i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abi moldo^j^. Ub^jlp rk bgbjmil ab moldo^j^ ‘lk ‘ljbkq^oflp:

/* Lf mofjbo moldo^j^ bk B */

slfa j^fk ()

/* Nqol ‘ljbkq^ofl */

/* ... v lqol ‘ljbkq^ofl */

Rfk bj_^odl, kl bp mlpf_ib mlkbo rk ‘ljbkq^ofl abkqol ab lqol. Olo bgbjmil pbo¤^ fibd^i:

/* Lf mofjbo moldo^j^ bk B */ slfa j^fk()

/* Nqol ‘ljbkq^ofl /* Bljbkq^ofl fibd^i */ */

/* ... v lqol ‘ljbkq^ofl */

Obol sb^jlp rk moldo^j^ kl q^k pfjmib. Olo bgbjmil, bi pfdrfbkqb moldo^j^ rp^ i^ crk‘f“k mofkqc,
mobabcfkfa^ bk i^ if_obo¤^ bpqƒka^o pqafl. e, m^o^ jlpqo^o rk jbkp^gb bk i^ m^kq^ii^.

/* Lf mofjbo moldo^j^ bk B */

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>

slfa j^fk()

mofkqc( "Lf mofjbo jbkp^gb bk m^kq^ii^ [k" );

/*bp rk bnrfs^ibkqb ab ‘lrq<<"Lf mofjbo jbkp^gb bk m^kq^ii^ †<<bkai;*/

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 2 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Di jlabil ab ‘ljmfi^‘f“k ab B

@ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb abp‘of_b bi jlabil ab ‘ljmfi^‘f“k ab B v ilp afpqfkqlp mol‘bplp fjmif‘^alp:


mobmol‘bp^alo, ‘ljmfi^alo v jlkq^alo (sbo Efd. 1).

Oobmol‘bp^alo

@rknrb bk bi ^m§kaf‘b @ pb sboƒ bk abq^iib bpq^ m^oqb abi mol‘bpl ab ‘ljmfi^‘f“k, pbdrfa^jbkqb pb
abp‘of_bk ^idrklp ^pmb‘qlp _ƒpf‘lp.

Di mobmol‘bp^alo qlj^ ‘ljl bkqo^a^ bi ‘“afdl crbkqb v bp bi obpmlkp^_ib ab bifjfk^o ilp ‘ljbkq^oflp
(v^ nrb bk ob^ifa^a kl obmobpbkq^k kfkdrk^ fkpqor‘‘f“k) v ab fkqbomobq^o i^p afob‘qfs^p bpmb‘f^ibp abi
mobmol‘bp^alo, abklq^a^p mlo bi p¤j_lil #. Olo bi jljbkql abpq^‘^objlp pli^jbkqb alp ab i^p afob‘qfs^p jƒp
rqfifw^a^p:

· #fk‘irab, nrb fk‘irvb rk cf‘ebol buqbokl abkqol abi cf‘ebol crbkqb. Rb rp^oƒk ilp p¤j_lilp < > m^o^
fkaf‘^o nrb bi cf‘ebol pb bk‘rbkqo^ bk rk afob‘qlofl abi bkqlokl ab ‘ljmfi^‘f“k, afcbobkqb abi afob‘qlofl ab
qo^_^gl ^‘qr^i. Olo bi ‘lkqo^ofl, pb rp^oƒk ilp p¤j_lilp " " m^o^ fkaf‘^o cf‘ebol il‘^ibp. Olo bgbjmil:

#fk‘irab<j^qe.e> fk‘irvb bi cf‘ebol ‘lk i^p abcfkf‘flkbp ab i^p crk‘flkbp j^qbjƒqf‘^p ab i^ if_obo¤^
bpqƒka^o.

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e> fk‘irvb bi cf‘ebol ‘lk i^p abcfkf‘flkbp ab i^p crk‘flkbp ab bkqo^a^ v p^ifa^ ab i^
if_obo¤^ bpqƒka^o.

#fk‘irab "crk‘flkbp .e" fk‘irvb bi cf‘ebol crk‘flkbp . e abi afob‘qlofl ^‘qr^i.

#abcfkb, nrb abcfkb rk klj_ob pfj_“if‘l. Br^kal bi mobmol‘bp^alo bk‘rbkqo^ rk klj_ob pfj_“if‘l
bk bi moldo^j^ il pr_pqfqrvb mlo bi s^ilo nrb pb ib e^v^ ^pl‘f^al ‘lk i^ afob‘qfs^
#abcfkb.

#abcfkb MTL.DKDLDMSNR 100 //abcfkb i^ ‘lkpq^kqb MTL.DKDLDMSNR ‘lk s^ilo 100.

#abcfkb OH 3.1416 abcfkb i^ ‘lkpq^kqb OH.

Efdro^ 1: Llabil ab ‘ljmfi^‘f“k ab B

Bljmfi^alo

Di ‘ljmfi^alo ab B ob‘f_b bi ‘“afdl crbkqb molar‘fal mlo bi mobmol‘bp^alo v il qo^ar‘b ^ ‘“afdl

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 3 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

l_gbql (cf‘ebolp ‘lk buqbkpf“k .NAI bk LR-Vfkaltp, l buqbkpf“k .l bkTMHW).

Llkq^alo

Rf rk cf‘ebol crbkqb e^‘b obcbobk‘f^ ^ crk‘flkbp ab rk^ if_obo¤^ (‘ljl i^ if_obo¤^ bpqƒka^o) l ^
crk‘flkbp abcfkfa^p bk lqolp cf‘ebolp crbkqb, bi jlkq^alo pb bk‘^od^ ab:

· ‘lj_fk^o qlalp ilp cf‘ebolp l_gbql ‘loobpmlkafbkqbp,

· sbofcf‘^o nrb p“il rkl ab biilp ‘lkqbkd^ i^ crk‘f“k mofk‘fm^i j^fk() v

· ‘ob^o bi cf‘ebol cfk^ijbkqb bgb‘rq^_ib.

· Djmbw^kal ^ moldo^j^o

Habkqfcf‘^alobp

Tk fabkqfcf‘^alo bk rk ibkdr^gb ab moldo^j^‘f“k bp rk klj_ob rqfifw^al m^o^ obcbofo rk s^ilo


‘lkpq^kqb, rk^ s^of^_ib, rk^ bpqor‘qro^ ab a^qlp ‘ljmibg^, l rk^ crk‘f“k, abkqol ab rk moldo^j^. Slal
fabkqfcf‘^alo bpqƒ cloj^al mlo rk^ pb‘rbk‘f^ ab ibqo^p, k«jbolp v ‘^o^‘qbobp ab pr_o^v^al, ‘lk i^ obpqof‘‘f“k
ab nrb pfbjmob ab_b ‘ljbkw^o mlo rk^ ibqo^ l rk pr_o^v^al v nrb kl mrbab ‘lkqbkbo bpm^‘flp bk _i^k‘l.
B^a^ ‘ljmfi^alo cfg^ rk jƒufjl m^o^ i^ ilkdfqra ab ilp fabkqfcf‘^alobp, pfbkal e^_fqr^i rk jƒufjl ab 32
‘^o^‘qbobp.

B afcbobk‘f^ bkqob j^v«p‘ri^p v jfk«p‘ri^p, pbd«k il ‘r^i B ‘lkpfabo^oƒ ilp fabkqfcf‘^alobp ‘lkq^alo,
Blkq^alo v BNMS@CNQ, mlo bgbjmil, ‘ljl afcbobkqbp.

Dk ‘r^inrfbo ‘^pl, krk‘^ mrbabk rqfifw^opb i^p m^i^_o^p obpbos^a^p abi ibkdr^gb m^o^ i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k ab
fabkqfcf‘^alobp. Cb ^‘rboal ‘lk bi bpqƒka^o @MR¢, B ‘lkpq^ «kf‘^jbkqb ab 32 m^i^_o^p obpbos^a^p (sbo S^_.
1).

O^i^_o^p obpbos^a^p ab B

^rql alr_ib fkq pqor‘q abc^riq

_ob^h bipb ilkd ptfq‘e al

‘^pb bkrj obdfpqbo qvmbabc dlql

‘e^o buqbok obqrok rkf“k fc

‘lkpq cil^q peloq slfa pfwblc

‘lkqfkr§ clo pfdkba sli^qfib pq^qf‘

tefib rkpfdkba

S^_i^ 1.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 4 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Dpqor‘qro^ ab rk moldo^j^

Slal moldo^j^ bk B ‘lkpq^ _ƒpf‘^jbkqb ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp bibjbkqlp:

· Cfob‘qfs^p abi mobmol‘bp^alo

· Cbcfkf‘flkbp ab qfmlp ab a^qlp

· Cb‘i^o^‘flkbp ab crk‘flkbp

Olo bi jljbkql pb qo^q^oƒ «kf‘^jbkqb i^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab i^ crk‘f“k j^fk () nrb ‘loobpmlkab ^i


moldo^j^ mofk‘fm^i. K^ bgb‘r‘f“k ab rk moldo^j^ bp‘ofql bk B pfbjmob ‘ljfbkw^ mlo af‘e^ crk‘f“k. Olo bpq^
o^w“k, bk rk moldo^j^ p“il mrbab e^_bo rk^ crk‘f“k ‘lk af‘el klj_ob. K^ abcfkf‘f“k ab qfmlp ab a^qlp pb
abg^ m^o^ bi pfdrfbkqb ‘ropl ab ‘ljmrq^‘f“k

Sla^ crk‘f“k bk B, v bk m^oqf‘ri^o i^ crk‘f“k j^fk ( ), qfbkb i^ pfdrfbkqb bpqor‘qro^:

qfml.a^qlp klj_ob-crk‘f“k ( m^oƒjbqolp )

x s^of^_ibp-il‘^ibp;

pb‘rbk‘f^]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p ; z

Ml bkqo^objlp ^nr¤ bk i^p m^oqf‘ri^ofa^abp ab i^p crk‘flkbp ‘ljl bi m^pl ab m^oƒjbqolp v i^ ab-
slir‘f“k ab obpriq^alp ab rk qfml ab a^qlp abqbojfk^al. Bljbkq^objlp pfjmibjbkqb nrb q^kql i^ abslir‘f“k
ab obpriq^alp ‘ljl ilp m^oƒjbqolp plk lm‘flk^ibp, v nrb bk i^ j^vlo¤^ ab moldo^j^p pbk‘fiilp kl pb rp^k bk i^
abcfkf‘f“k abi moldo^j^ mofk‘fm^i.

@ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^, ‘ljl bgbjmil, rk moldo^j^ m^o^ bs^ir^o i^ bumobpf“k 3 * 5 - 32/4:

/* Ds^ir^kal rk^ bumobpf“k */


#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk ()
x
fkq ^, _, ‘ = 5 ;
^ = 3 * ‘;
_ = 32 / 4;
‘ = ^ - _;
‘lrq<< "Di s^ilo ab i^ bumobpf“k bp: ", ‘ ;
z
Di ‘rboml abi moldo^j^ mofk‘fm^i il ‘lkpqfqrvbk qla^p i^p i¤kb^p ab moldo^j^ ‘ljmobkafa^p bkqob ilp
p¤j_lilp x v z. Dk ‘^a^ rk^ ab af‘e^p i¤kb^p mrbab e^_bo rk^ l jƒp pbkqbk‘f^p. Tk^ pbkqbk‘f^ bp rk^ loabk
‘ljmibq^ m^o^ bi loabk^alo. Sla^ pbkqbk‘f^ ab_b ^‘^_^o ‘lk rk mrkql v ‘lj^ (;).

U^of^_ibp v ‘lkpq^kqbp

Klp moldo^j^p ab loabk^alo rqfifw^k afcbobkqbp qfmlp ab a^qlp, mlo il nrb obnrfbobk ab ^id«k
jb‘^kfpjl m^o^ ^ij^‘bk^o bi ‘lkgrkql ab s^ilobp rp^al. B lcob‘b alp mlpf_fifa^abp: s^of^_ibp v ‘lkpq^kqbp.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 5 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Tk^ s^of^_ib bp rk l_gbql alkab pb dr^oa^ rk s^ilo, bi ‘r^i mrbab pbo ‘lkpriq^al v jlafcf‘^al aro^kqb i^
bgb‘r‘f“k abi moldo^j^. Olo bi ‘lkqo^ofl, rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb qfbkb rk s^ilo cfgl nrb kl mrbab pbo jlafcf‘^al.

U^of^_ibp

Sla^ s^of^_ib ab_b ab‘i^o^opb ^kqbp ab pbo rp^a^ mlo mofjbo^ sbw bk bi moldo^j^. K^p pbkqbk‘f^p ab
ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab s^of^_ibp fkaf‘^k ^i ‘ljmfi^alo nrb ab_b obpbos^o ‘fboql bpm^‘fl bk i^ jbjlof^ abi loabk^alo
‘lk bi cfk ab ^ij^‘bk^o rk a^ql ab qfml bibjbkq^i l bpqor‘qro^al. Olo bgbjmil, i^ pfdrfbkqb ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab
s^of^_ibp fkaf‘^ ^i ‘ljmfi^alo nrb ab_b obpbos^o bpm^‘fl bk i^ jbjlof^ m^o^ qobp s^of^_ibp ab qfml bkqbol, ^ i^p
nrb klp obcbofobjlp ‘lk ilp klj_obp ^, _ v ‘:

fkq ^, _, ‘;

K^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ‘lkpfpqb bk a^o rk klj_ob pfdkfcf‘^qfsl ^ i^ s^of^_ib b fkaf‘^o bi qfml ab a^qlp ^ nrb
‘loobpmlkabk ilp s^ilobp nrb ^ij^‘bk^oƒ. @ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^ i^ pfkq^ufp jƒp pbk‘fii^ ab rk^ pbkqbk‘f^
ab ab‘i^o^‘f“k m^o^ rk^ pli^ s^of^_ib.

qfml]a^qlp klj_ob-s^of^_ib;

@abjƒp, bk rk^ pli^ pbkqbk‘f^ mrbabk ab‘i^o^opb s^of^p s^of^_ibp ab rk jfpjl qfml ab a^qlp, pbm^o^kal
ilp klj_obp ab i^p s^of^_ibp jbaf^kqb ‘lj^p:

qfml]a^qlp klj_ob-s^of^_ibi, ..., klj_ob]s^of^_ibM;

Nm‘flk^ijbkqb, bp mlpf_ib ^pfdk^o rk s^ilo fkf‘f^i ^ i^p s^of^_ibp bk i^ molmf^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k.

qfml]a^qlp klj_ob]s^of^_ib = s^ilo]fkf‘f^i;

Blkpq^kqbp

B ^ajfqb alp qfmlp afcbobkqbp ab ‘lkpq^kqbp: ifqbo^ibp v pfj_“if‘^p.

Blkpq^kqbp ifqbo^ibp

Slal s^ilo nrb ^m^ob‘b afob‘q^jbkqb bk bi ‘“afdl crbkqb ‘^a^ sbw nrb bp kb‘bp^ofl m^o^ rk^ lmbo^‘f“k
‘lkpqfqrvb rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb ifqbo^i. Dk bi pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil, ilp s^ilobp 2 0 v 3 plk ‘lkpq^kqbp ifqbo^ibp abi qfml ab
a^qlp bkqbol:

fkq ‘lkq =20; ‘lkq = ‘lkq + 3;

Rf rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb krj§of‘^ ‘lkqfbkb rk mrkql ab‘fj^i, bi ‘ljmfi^alo ‘lkpfabo^ af‘e^ ‘lkpq^kqb ‘ljl
rk s^ilo ob^i ab ‘lj^ cilq^kqb. Dpqb qfml ab ‘lkpq^kqbp mrbab bp‘of_fopb q^j_f§k rqfifw^kal ^idrk^ ab i^p
klq^‘flkbp ‘fbkq¤cf‘^p ‘lj«kjbkqb ^‘bmq^a^p.

Olo bi ‘lkqo^ofl, bi obpql ab ‘lkpq^kqbp krj§of‘^p plk ‘lkpfabo^a^p mlo bi ‘ljmfi^alo, ‘ljl s^ilobp
bkqbolp. Orbabk rp^opb qobp cloj^qlp ^iqbok^qfslp:

Sla^ ‘lkpq^kqb nrb ‘ljfbk‘b mlo rk a¤dfql afpqfkql ab 0 bp fkqbomobq^a^ ‘ljl rk bkqbol ab‘fj^i (bpql
bp, bk _^pb 10). Rb bpmb‘fcf‘^k jbaf^kqb ilp a¤dfqlp abi 0 ^i 9 v bi pfdkl mlpfqfsl l kbd^qfsl.

Rf rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb ‘ljfbkw^ ‘lk bi a¤dfql 0, pb fkqbomobq^ ‘ljl rk bkqbol l‘q^i (_^pb 8). Rb bpmb‘fcf‘^k

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 6 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

jbaf^kqb ilp a¤dfqlp abi 0 ^i 7 v bi pfdkl mlpfqfsl l kbd^qfsl.

Efk^ijbkqb, i^p ‘lkpq^kqbp nrb ‘ljfbkw^k mlo Nu l 0W pb fkqbomobq^k ‘ljl bkqbolp bk _^pb
ebu^ab‘fj^i (_^pb 16). Rb bpmb‘fcf‘^k jbaf^kqb ilp a¤dfqlp abi 0 ^i 9, i^p ibqo^p ab i^ @ ^ i^ E, v bi pfdkl mlpfqfsl
l kbd^qfsl.

Blkpq^kqbp pfj_“if‘^p

Tk^ ‘lkpq^kqb pfj_“if‘^ bp rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb obmobpbkq^a^ jbaf^kqb rk klj_ob (p¤j_lil) bk bi


moldo^j^. @i fdr^i nrb i^p ‘lkpq^kqbp ifqbo^ibp, kl mrbabk ‘^j_f^o pr s^ilo. Rfk bj_^odl m^o^ rp^o bi s^ilo
‘lkpq^kqb, pb rqfifw^ pr klj_ob pfj_“if‘l, ab i^ jfpj^ cloj^ nrb il e^o¤^jlp ‘lk rk^ s^of^_ib. Tk^
‘lkpq^kqb pfj_“if‘^ pb ab‘i^o^ rk^ pli^ sbw, fkaf‘^kal bi klj_ob v bi s^ilo nrb obmobpbkq^.

K^p ‘lkpq^kqbp pfj_“if‘^p qfbkbk alp sbkq^g^p ‘i^o^p obpmb‘ql ^ i^p ifqbo^ibp. Rrmlkd^jlp bi pfdrfbkqb
‘“afdl m^o^ ‘^i‘ri^o bi mbo¤jbqol ab rk^ ‘fo‘rkcbobk‘f^ v bi ƒob^ abi ‘¤o‘ril nrb abcfkb:

mbo¤jbqol = 2 * 3.14 * o^afl;

ƒob^ = 3.14 * o^afl * o^afl;

Rf mlo bi ‘lkqo^ofl pb er_fbpb abcfkfal rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb pfj_“if‘^ ab klj_ob OH v s^ilo 3.14, mlao¤^jlp
bp‘of_fo rk ‘“afdl jr‘el jƒp ‘i^ol:

mbofjbqol = 2 * OH * o^afl;

ƒob^ = OH * o^afl * o^afl;

Dp jƒp, fj^dfkbjlp ^elo^ nrb m^o^ fk‘objbkq^o i^ mob‘fpf“k abi ‘ƒi‘ril pb abpb^ rp^o rk s^ilo jƒp
mob‘fpl ab i^ ‘lkpq^kqb fo, ‘ljl 3 .1415 9. Dk bi mofjbo ‘^pl ab_bo¤^ pr_pqfqrfopb rkl ^ rkl bi s^ilo 3.14 bk
qlal bi moldo^j^. Dk bi pbdrkal ‘^pl, _^pq^o¤^ ‘^j_f^o i^ abcfkf‘f“k ab i^ ‘lkpq^kqb OH ‘lk bi krbsl s^ilo.

Di j§qlal jƒp e^_fqr^i m^o^ abcfkfo ‘lkpq^kqbp bk B bp i^ afob‘qfs^ abi mobmol‘bp^alo #abcfkb. Olo
bgbjmil, bk bi ‘^pl ^kqboflo mlao¤^jlp e^_bo bp‘ofql:

#abcfkb OH 3.14159

Dp ab‘fo, bi klj_ob pfj_“if‘l v ^ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k bi s^ilo ‘lkpq^kqb nrb obmobpbkq^.

Dkqo^a^ v p^ifa^ ab s^ilobp

@rknrb bk bi ^m§kaf‘b A pb sboƒk ‘lk jƒp abq^iib i^p crk‘flkbp ab i^ if_obo¤^ bpqƒka^o mofkqc v p‘^kc l
‘lrq v ‘fk, pbd«k pb^ bi ‘^pl l bi drpql ab i^ mboplk^, pb fkqolar‘bk bk bpqb mrkql ‘lk bi cfk ab mlabo ob^ifw^o
^idrklp moldo^j^p pbk‘fiilp.

B rqfifw^ lmbo^‘flkbp ab bkqo^a^ v p^ifa^ ‘lk cloj^ql. Olo bgbjmil, i^ crk‘f“k mofkqc rp^ ‘ljl ‘^oƒ‘qbo
bpmb‘f^i ab cloj^ql bi p¤j_lil ab mlo‘bkq^gb (%). Di ‘^oƒ‘qbo nrb pfdrb ^ bpqb p¤j_lil abcfkb bi cloj^ql ab rk
s^ilo (‘lkpq^kqb, s^of^_ib l bumobpf“k). Olo bgbjmil, %‘ m^o^ s^ilobp ab qfml ‘^oƒ‘qbo l %a m^o^ s^ilobp ab
qfml bkqbol.

B++ rqfifw^ lmbo^‘flkbp ab bkqo^a^ v p^ifa^ ‘lk cloj^ql. Olo bgbjmil, i^ crk‘f“k ‘lrq kl rp^ rp^
‘^oƒ‘qbo bpmb‘f^i ab cloj^ql bi p¤j_lil ab mlo‘bkq^gb (%).

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 7 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Di pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil jrbpqo^ mlo m^kq^ii^ bi ‘lkqbkfal ab rk^ s^of^_ib ab qfml ‘^oƒ‘qbo (‘e), v rk^
s^of^_ib bkqbo^ (krj).

‘e^o ‘e; fkq krj;


mofkqc( "Dpql bp rk ‘^oƒ‘qbo: %‘[k", ‘e ); mofkqc( "X bpql rk bkqbol: %a[k", krj );
‘lrq<< "Dpql bp rk ‘^oƒ‘qbo: "<< ‘e; ‘lrq "X bpql rk bkqbol: "<< krj ;
Di cloj^ql bp qlal ^nrbiil bpmb‘fcf‘^al bkqob i^p ‘ljfii^p, ^i nrb ib pfdrb rk^ ifpq^ ab s^of^_ibp,
‘lkpq^kqbp l bumobpflkbp pbm^o^a^p mlo ‘lj^p. Dp obpmlkp^_fifa^a abi moldo^j^alo ^pbdro^o i^ mbocb‘q^

Tk^oflp Rfdkl kbd^qfsl -

Hk‘objbkql ++

Cb‘objbkql --
Afk^oflp Rrj^ +

Qbpq^ -

Lriqfmif‘^‘f“k *

Cfsfpf“k /

L“aril %

S^_i^ 2: Nmbo^alobp ^ofqj§qf‘lp bk B

‘loobpmlkabk‘f^ bkqob bi cloj^ql v i^ ifpq^ ab s^ilobp, q^kql bk k«jbol ‘ljl bk bi qfml ab ilp jfpjlp.
Efk^ijbkqb, i^ pb‘rbk‘f^ bpmb‘f^i [k bk bi ‘^pl ab †mofkqc‡ v <<bkai bk bi ‘^pl ab †‘lrq‡ fkaf‘^ rk p^iql ab
i¤kb^.

Olo pr m^oqb, p‘^kc bp rk^ crk‘f“k m^o^ i^ bkqo^a^ ab s^ilobp ^ rk^ bpqor‘qro^ ab a^qlp, v bk m^oqf‘ri^o ^
rk^ s^of^_ib. Rr cloj^ql bp pfjfi^o ^i ab mofkqc v ‘fk pb ‘ljmloq^ ab i^ jfpj^ j^kbo^ bi rkf‘l ‘^j_fl bp bi
lmbo^alo >>. Olo bgbjmil:

‘e^o ‘e;
fkq krj;
p‘^kc( "%‘%a", &‘e, &krj );
‘fk>> ‘e;
‘fk >>krj ;
Obojfqb fkqolar‘fo abpab bi qb‘i^al rk ‘^oƒ‘qbo bk i^ s^of^_ib ‘e v pbdrfa^jbkqb rk s^ilo bkqbol bk i^
s^of^_ib krj. M“qbpb nrb bk bi ‘^pl ab p‘^kc pb ^kqbmlkb bi p¤j_lil & ^ i^p s^of^_ibp. Olo bi jljbkql, kl
ab_bjlp lisfa^o rqfifw^oil, v qbkd^jlp bk jbkqb nrb bi rpl ab & qfbkb nrb sbo ‘lk afob‘‘flkbp ab jbjlof^ v
mrkqbolp

Dumobpflkbp

Tk^ bumobpf“k bp rk^ c“ojri^ j^qbjƒqf‘^ ‘rv^ bs^ir^‘f“k bpmb‘fcf‘^ rk s^ilo. Klp bibjbkqlp nrb
‘lkpqfqrvbk rk^ bumobpf“k plk: ‘lkpq^kqbp, s^of^_ibp v lmbo^alobp.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 8 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Nmbo^alo ab ^pfdk^‘f“k

Di lmbo^alo ab ^pfdk^‘f“k mbojfqb ^pfdk^o s^ilobp ^ i^p s^of^_ibp. Rr p¤j_lil bp rk pfdkl fdr^i =. Dpqb
lmbo^alo ^pfdk^ ^ i^ s^of^_ib nrb bpqƒ ^ i^ fwnrfboa^ abi lmbo^alo bi s^ilo nrb bpqƒ ^ i^ abob‘e^. Tk bgbjmil ab
bumobpflkbp sƒifa^p ‘lk bi lmbo^alo ab ^pfdk^‘f“k plk:

u = 1;

w = 1.35;.

Nmbo^alobp ^ofqj§qf‘lp

@abjƒp ab ilp lmbo^alobp ^ofqj§qf‘lp qo^af‘flk^ibp, B molmlo‘flk^ ^idrklp lmbo^alobp ^af‘flk^ibp (sbo
S^_. 2).

K^ bumobpf“k, u++; bnrfs^ib ^ u = u+1; , v u--; bnrfs^ib ^ u = u-1;. @rknrb bk bi m^p^al ^idrklp
‘ljmfi^alobp dbkbo^_^k ‘“afdl jƒp bcf‘fbkqb pf pb rp^_^ ilp lmbo^alobp ++, --bk ird^o ab prp bumobpflkbp
bnrfs^ibkqbp, bpql v^ kl bp ‘fboql bk ilp ‘ljmfi^alobp jlaboklp. Klp lmbo^alobp ++ v -- mrbabk rp^opb q^kql
ab j^kbo^ mlpqcfg^ (jƒp e^_fqr^i) ‘ljl mobcfg^, fkaf‘^kal bk ‘^a^ ‘^pl pf bi s^ilo ab i^ s^of^_ib pb jlafcf‘^
abpmr§p l ^kqbp ab i^ bs^ir^‘f“k ab i^ bumobpf“k bk i^ nrb ^m^ob‘b. Olo bgbjmil, i^ pfdrfbkqb i¤kb^ ab ‘“afdl:

u = ( ( + + w) - (t--)) % 100;

bp bnrfs^ibkqb ^i pfdrfbkqb dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p:

Y = Y + 1;
u = (w - t) % 100;
V = V - 1;
M“qbpb nrb bk B kl bufpqb kfkd«k lmbo^alo bpmb‘f^i m^o^ i^ afsfpf“k bkqbo^, ab cloj^ nrb ‘r^kal ilp
alp lmbo^kalp ab i^ afsfpf“k plk bkqbolp, bi ‘l‘fbkqb nrb pb l_qfbkb bp bi ‘loobpmlkafbkqb ^ i^ afsfpf“k bkqbo^
(bi ‘l‘fbkqb kl pb obalkab^, pfkl nrb pb qork‘^). Rf ^idrkl ab ilp lmbo^kalp bp rk s^ilo ob^i, bi obpriq^al ab i^
afsfpf“k pboƒ q^j_f§k ob^i.

Olo bgbjmil, u = 3/2; ^pfdk^ bi s^ilo 1 ^ i^ s^of^_ib u (nrb ab_b pbo bkqbo^), jfbkqo^p nrb u = 3.0/2; l
u = 3/2.0; ^pfdk^ bi s^ilo 1.5 ^ i^ s^of^_ib u (nrb ab_b pbo ob^i). Efk^ijbkqb, bi lmbo^alo ab j“aril (%)
mbojfqb l_qbkbo bi obpql ab rk^ afsfpf“k bkqbo^, mlo il nrb prp lmbo^kalp ab_bk pbo q^j_f§k bkqbolp. Olo
bgbjmil, u = 8 % 5 ; ^pfdk^ bi s^ilo 3 ^ i^ s^of^_ib bkqbo^ u.

Dufpqb ^abjƒp rk^ j^kbo^ ^_obsf^a^ ab bumobp^o ‘fboqlp ‘ƒi‘rilp bk B. Dp jrv ‘lj«k qbkbo bu-
mobpflkbp abi bpqfil ab f = f + 5; l u = u* (v + 2);.

Nmbo^alobp obi^‘f“k^ibp

Klp lmbo^alobp obi^‘f“k^ibp pb rqfifw^k mofk‘fm^ijbkqb m^o^ bi^_lo^o ‘lkaf‘flkbp bk i^p pbkqbk‘f^p ‘lk-
af‘flk^ibp b fqbo^qfs^p

K^ q^_i^ 3 obprjb ilp afpqfkqlp lmbo^alobp ab obi^‘f“k bk B. @i obi^‘flk^o (‘ljm^o^o) alp bumobpflkbp
jbaf^kqb rkl ab bpqlp lmbo^alobp pb l_qfbkb rk obpriq^al i“df‘l, bp ab‘fo: ’BHDQSN’ l ’E@KRN’. Olo
bgbjmil, i^ bumobpf“k 4 > 8 a^ ‘ljl obpriq^al bi s^ilo c^ipl, i^ bumobpf“k krj == krj a^ ‘ljl obpriq^al

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 9 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

‘fboql, i^ bumobpf“k 8 <= 4 a^ ‘ljl obpriq^al c^ipl, bq‘.

Dp fkqbobp^kqb abpq^‘^o nrb ^ afcbobk‘f^ ab lqolp ibkdr^gbp, B kl afpmlkb ab rk qfml ab a^qlp bpmb‘¤cf‘l
m^o^ ilp s^ilobp i“df‘lp l _llib^klp. Dk pr ird^o, B obmobpbkq^ rk obpriq^al ’E@KRN’ ‘ljl

Lbklo nrb < Blkgrk‘f“k l X K“df‘l


&

L^vlo nrb > Cfpgrk‘f“k r N K“df‘l


y

Lbklo l fdr^i nrb <= Mbd^‘f“k l MN i“df‘l

L^vlo l fdr^i nrb >=

Hdr^i nrb ==

Cfpqfkql nrb f fi

S^_i^ 3.Nmbo^alobp obi^‘f“k^ibp (fwnrfboa^) v i“df‘lp (abob‘e^) bk B

@ A !@ @&&A @ yy A

Bfboql Bfboql E^ipl Bfboql Bfboql

Bfboql E^ipl E^ipl E^ipl Bfboql

E^ipl Bfboql Bfboql E^ipl Bfboql

E^ipl E^ipl Bfboql E^ipl E^ipl

S^_i^ 4: S^_i^ ab sboa^a ab ilp lmbo^alobp i“df‘lp bk B

bi s^ilo krj§of‘l bkqbol ‘bol, v rk obpriq^al ’BHDQSN’ ‘ljl ‘r^inrfbo s^ilo bkqbol afcbobkqb ab
‘bol. Dp jrv fjmloq^kqb ob‘loa^o bpqb eb‘el ab ^elo^ bk ^abi^kqb.

Tk boolo e^_fqr^i bp ‘lkcrkafo bi lmbo^alo obi^‘flk^i ab fdr^ia^a == ‘lk bi lmbo^alo ab ^pfdk^‘f“k =


Olo bgbjmil, i^ pbkqbk‘f^ u = 3 ^pfdk^ bi s^ilo 3 ^ i^ s^of^_ib u, jfbkqo^p nrb u == 3 ‘ljm^o^ bi s^ilo ab u ‘lk
i^ ‘lkpq^kqb 3.

Nmbo^alobp i“df‘lp

Klp lmbo^alobp i“df‘lp (sbo S^_. 3) pb rqfifw^k mofk‘fm^ijbkqb bk ‘lkgrk‘f“k ‘lk ilp obi^‘f“k^ibp m^o^
bi^_lo^o ‘lkaf‘flkbp ‘ljmibg^p bk i^p pbkqbk‘f^p ‘lkaf‘flk^ibp b fqbo^qfs^p

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 10 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Dp fjmloq^kqb kl ‘lkcrkafo ilp lmbo^alobp i“df‘lp && v yy ‘lk ilp lmbo^alobp ab j^kbgl ab _fqp
& v y.

K^ q^_i^ 4 jrbpqo^ i^ q^_i^ ab sboa^a m^o^ ilp lmbo^alobp i“df‘lp. Cb ^‘rboal ‘lk af‘e^ q^_i^, i^p
bumobpflkbp 4&&0, !(4>1) v5<=0 a^k ‘ljl obpriq^al 0 (c^ipl), jfbkqo^p nrb i^p bumobpflkbp 4 yy 9,
(8 == 4*2) && (5 > 2) v 2 && (4 < 9) a^k ‘ljl obpriq^al 1 (‘fboql).

Ooflofa^a ab lmbo^alobp

K^ q^_i^ 5 jrbpqo^ ilp lmbo^alobp sfpqlp ^kqboflojbkqb, ^p¤ ‘ljl i^ moflofa^a bkqob biilp. K^ moflofa^a
abp‘fbkab ^i abp‘bkabo bk i^ q^_i^. S^j_f§k pb jrbpqo^ i^ ^pl‘f^qfsfa^a m^o^ lmbo^alobp ‘lk bi jfpjl kfsbi ab
moflofa^a.

Olo bgbjmil, pbd«k af‘e^ q^_i^, i^ bumobpf“k (^<10&&2*_<‘) pb fkqbomobq^oƒ ‘ljl (^ < 10)
&&( (2 * _) < ‘).

Nmbo^alo R¤j_lil @pl‘f^qfsfa^a

O^o§kqbpfp () Hwnrfboa^ ^ abob‘e^

MN i“df‘l Rfdkl kbd^qfsl Hk‘objbkql ! Cbob‘e^ ^ fwnrfboa^


Cb‘objbkql
++

Lriqfmif‘^‘f“k * Hwnrfboa^ ^ abob‘e^

Cfsfpf“k /

L“aril %

Rrj^ Qbpq^ + Hwnrfboa^ ^ abob‘e^

Lbklo nrb Lbklo l fdr^i nrb < <= Hwnrfboa^ ^ abob‘e^

L^vlo nrb L^vlo l fdr^i nrb > >=

Hdr^i nrb Cfpqfkql nrb != Hwnrfboa^ ^ abob‘e^

X i“df‘l && Hwnrfboa^ ^ abob‘e^

N i“df‘l yy Hwnrfboa^ ^ abob‘e^

@pfdk^‘flkbp = + = - = *= Cbob‘e^ ^ fwnrfboa^


/= %=

S^_i^ 5: Ooflofa^a v ^pl‘f^qfsfa^a ab ilp lmbo^alobp bk B

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 11 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Dgbo‘f‘flp

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ m^o^ ‘^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp bgbo‘f‘flp:

Obafo i^ _^pb v i^ ^iqro^ ab rk ob‘qƒkdril, ‘^i‘ri^o pr ƒob^ v pr mbo¤jbqol, v jlpqo^o ilp obpriq^alp mlo
m^kq^ii^.

Obafo rk^ ‘^kqfa^a ab pbdrkalp v jlpqo^o mlo m^kq^ii^ ^ ‘rƒkq^p elo^p, jfkrqlp v pbdrkalp
‘loobpmlkabk.

Rrmlkfbkal nrb mobsf^jbkqb pb e^ ob^ifw^al i^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k fkq u = 7, v ‘^i‘ri^o bi s^ilo ab i^


s^of^_ib v qo^p bs^ir^o ‘^a^ rk^ ab i^p pfdrfbkqbp pbkqbk‘f^p ab ^pfdk^‘f“k:

4.Ds^ir^o i^p pfdrfbkqbp bumobpflkbp:

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 12 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Blkpqor‘‘flkbp ‘lkaf‘flk^ibp

Tk^ ab i^p ‘lkpqor‘‘flkbp fjmloq^kqbp nrb mrbabk bpmb‘fcf‘^opb bk rk moldo^j^ bp bi eb‘el ab ob^ifw^o
afcbobkqbp q^ob^p bk crk‘f“k ab ‘fboq^p ‘lkaf‘flkbp. Dpql bp, bgb‘rq^o rk^ m^oqb abi ‘“afdl r lqo^,
‘lkaf‘flk^ijbkqb. O^o^ biil pboƒ kb‘bp^ofl bpmb‘fcf‘^o af‘e^p ‘lkaf‘flkbp v afpmlkbo ab rk jb‘^kfpjl m^o^
fkaf‘^o nr§ ^‘‘flkbp qlj^o abmbkafbkal ab ‘“jl pb bs^i«b rk^ abqbojfk^a^ ‘lkaf‘f“k bk rk jljbkql a^al
ab i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abi moldo^j^.

@kqbp ab bjmbw^o, rk ob‘loa^qlofl. Bljl v^ ab ‘ljbkq“ bk i^ pb‘‘f“k 3.4.3, B kl afpmlkb ab s^ilobp


_llib^klp l i“df‘lp, nrb mlao¤^k rp^opb bk i^ bs^ir^‘f“k ab ‘lkaf‘flkbp. Dk pr abcb‘ql, B "pfjri^" ilp s^ilobp
c^ipl v ‘fboql, ‘ljl bi s^ilo krj§of‘l ‘bol, v ‘r^inrfbo s^ilo kl ‘bol (fk‘irvbkal kbd^qfslp), obpmb‘qfs^jbkqb.

@p¤ mrbp, bk bpqb ‘^m¤qril sbobjlp i^p afpqfkq^p j^kbo^p nrb B lcob‘b m^o^ ‘lkqoli^o bi cirgl ab
bgb‘r‘f“k ab rk moldo^j^ ab cloj^ ‘lkaf‘flk^i, nrb plk:

· i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k fc,

· bi lmbo^alo ‘lkaf‘flk^i ?, v

· i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k ptfq‘e.

Blkpqor‘‘f“k fc

K^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k fc bp pfjfi^o ^ i^ bufpqbkqb bk lqolp ibkdr^gbp ab moldo^j^‘f“k, ^rknrb bk B mlpbb


‘fboq^p mb‘rif^ofa^abp. Di cloj^ql dbkbo^i ab bpq^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k m^o^ ab‘fafo pf rk^ abqbojfk^a^ pbkqbk‘f^ ab_b
bgb‘rq^opb l kl (^iqbok^qfs^ pfjmib) bp bi pfdrfbkqb:

fc (‘lkaf‘f“k)

pbkqbk‘f^;

K^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k fc mrbab bp‘of_fopb q^j_f§k ab cloj^ jƒp dbkbo^i m^o^ ‘lkqoli^o i^ bgb‘r‘f“k ab rk
dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p, ab i^ pfdrfbkqb j^kbo^:

Efdro^ 2 Dpnrbj^ ab crk‘flk^jfbkql ab fc v ab fc - bipb

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 13 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

fc (‘lkaf‘f“k)

x Rbkqbk‘f^]1;

pbkqbk‘f^]2;

pbkqbk‘f^]3;

..........

pbkqbk‘f^]M;z

Efd. 2 (^)

Di crk‘flk^jfbkql ab i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k fc bp jrv pfjmib. Dk mofjbo ird^o pb bs^i«^ i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k, nrb kl


bp lqo^ ‘lp^ nrb rk^ bumobpf“k ab qfml bkqbol. @ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k, pf i^ bumobpf“k pb e^ bs^ir^al ‘ljl ‘fboq^, pb
bgb‘rq^ i^ pbkqbk‘f^ l dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p. Dk ‘^pl ‘lkqo^ofl i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abi moldo^j^ ‘lkqfk«^ mlo i^
pfdrfbkqb pbkqbk‘f^ bk loabk pb‘rbk‘f^i (sbo Efd. 2 (^)).

Di pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil jrbpqo^ bi rpl ab i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k fc. Di moldo^j^ ibb rk k«jbol bkqbol v il
qo^kpcloj^ bk bi fjm^o fkjbaf^q^jbkqb j^vlo, pf bp nrb kl bo^ v^ fjm^o.

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk()
x
fkq ^;
p‘^kc("%a", &^);
fc (^ % 2 == 0) /* Bljmol_^o pf ^ bp m^o. */
^ = ^ + 1 ; mofkqc( "@elo^ bp fjm^o: %a[k", ^ );
z
M“qbpb nrb abpmr§p ab i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k kl pb bp‘of_b ’;’. Dp‘of_fo’;’ abqoƒp ab i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k bnrfs^iao¤^ ^ nrb
i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k fc bgb‘qrq^pb rk ‘lkgrkql s^‘¤l ab pbkqbk‘f^p, il ‘r^i kl qfbkb kfkd«k pbkqfal. M“qbpb, pfk
bj_^odl, nrb q^i eb‘el bp sƒifal pfkqƒ‘qf‘^jbkqb (kl molar‘b kfkd«k boolo ab ‘ljmfi^‘f“k), mlo il nrb
ab_boƒ qbkbopb ‘rfa^al ^i bp‘of_fo bpq^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k. @idl pfjfi^o l‘roob ‘lk ilp _r‘ibp clo v tefib

U^of^kqb fc-bipb

Dufpqb lqo^ cloj^ jƒp dbkbo^i, abkljfk^a^ ^iqbok^qfs^ al_ib, nrb lcob‘b alp ^iqbok^qfs^p ab bgb‘r‘f“k,
bk crk‘f“k ab pf i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k pb bs^i«^ ‘fboq^ l c^ip^.

fc

(‘lkaf‘f“k)

pbkqbk‘f^.!;

bipb

pbkqbk‘f^]2;

X m^o^ rk dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p:

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 14 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

fc (‘lkaf‘f“k)
x
Forml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]1
z
bipb
x
Forml]]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]1z
@p¤ mrbp, pf i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k bp ‘fboq^ pb bgb‘rq^oƒ i^ mofjbo^ pbkqbk‘f^ (bi mofjbo dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p), v pf
bp c^ip^ pb bgb‘rq^oƒ i^ pbdrka^ pbkqbk‘f^ (bi pbdrkal dorml). Ubo cfdro^ 4.1 (_).

Di pfdrfbkqb moldo^j^ jrbpqo^ bi rpl ab bpq^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k. Di moldo^j^ ‘^i‘ri^ bi jƒufjl ab alp
k«jbolp bkqbolp:

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk()
x
fkq ^, _, j^u;
p‘^kc("%a %a", &^, &_ );
fc (^ > _)
j^u= ^;
bipb
j^u= _;
mofkc("Di jƒufjl bp: %a[k", j^u );
z
Dp fjmloq^kqb abpq^‘^o nrb i^ pbkqbk‘f^ bk i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k bipb bp lm‘flk^i, bp ab‘fo, mrbab pbo kri^.
Ubƒjlpil bk bi pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil nrb abqbojfk^ pf rk k«jbol bp m^o:

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk()
x
fkq u;
p‘^kc("%a", &u );
fc (u%2==0)
mofkc("bp m^o‡ );
bipb;
z
Di eb‘el ab nrb i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k bi pb pb^ lm‘flk^i mrbab ‘^rp^o mol_ibj^p ab ^j_fd‹ba^a ^i
‘ljmfi^alo ‘r^kal pb rqfifw^k ‘lkpqor‘‘flkbp fc l fc-bipb ^kfa^a^p. O^o^ plisbkq^o bi mol_ibj^ pb e^ bpq^_ib‘fal
rk^ obdi^ jrv pbk‘fii^ nrb qlal ‘ljmfi^alo ab B qfbkb bk ‘rbkq^. K^ obdi^ ‘lkpfpqb bk nrb rk^ pbkqbk‘f^ bipb
pb ^pl‘f^ ‘lk bi fc mob‘babkqb jƒp ‘bo‘^kl pfbjmob v ‘r^kal §pqb kl qbkd^ v^ ^pl‘f^a^ lqo^ pbkqbk‘f^ bipb. @
‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^k alp mlo‘flkbp ab moldo^j^ moƒ‘qf‘^jbkqb fdr^ibp, mbol ‘lk ‘ljmloq^jfbkqlp
‘ljmibq^jbkqb afcbobkqbp. Rb abg^ m^o^ bi ib‘qlo bi ^kƒifpfp ab ^j_lp ‘^plp.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 15 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

fc (k > 0)

fc (k > 0) x

fc (^ > _) fc (^ > _)

w = ^; w = ^;

bipb z

w = _; bipb

w = _;

U^of^kqb fc-bipb-fc

Dufpqb cfk^ijbkqb lqo^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k ^iqbok^qfs^ jrv ‘lj«k, ‘lkl‘fa^ ‘ljl fc-bipb-fc l pfjmibjbkqb
bipb - fc. Rr ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k, alkab i^p ‘lkaf‘flkbp pb mi^kqb^k ab cloj^ bp‘^ilk^a^, pb jrbpqo^ ^ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k:

fc (‘lkaf‘f“k]1)

Forml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]1

bipb fc (‘lkaf‘f“k]2)

Forml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]2

¶¶¶¶¶..

bipb fc (‘lkaf‘f“k]M)

Forml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]M

bipb

Forml]]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]mlo ]abcb‘ql

K^p ‘lkaf‘flkbp pb bs^i«^k pb‘rbk‘f^ijbkqb ab ^oof_^ e^‘f^ ^_^gl e^pq^ bk‘lkqo^o rk^ nrb a§ ‘ljl
obpriq^al ‘fboql. Dk bpb mrkql, pb bgb‘rq^ bi dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p ‘loobpmlkafbkqb ^ af‘e^ ‘lkaf‘f“k. Di obpql ab
‘lkaf‘flkbp v pbkqbk‘f^p ^pl‘f^a^p pb fdklo^k. Dk ‘^pl ab nrb kfkdrk^ ab i^p ‘lkaf‘flkbp pb bs^i«b ‘fboq^, pb

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 16 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

bgb‘rq^o¤^ bi dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p mlo abcb‘ql. Bljl bk qlalp ilp ‘^plp ^kqboflobp, bi «iqfjl bipb bp lm‘flk^i.

@ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^ rk bgbjmil abi rpl ab bpq^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k:

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk()
x
fkq elo^;
p‘^kc ( "%a", &elo^ );
fc ((elo^ >= 0) && (elo^< 12))
mofkqc ( "Arbklp a¤^p" );
bipb fc ((elo^ >= 12) && (elo^< 18))
mofkqc ( "Arbk^p q^oabp" );
bipb fc ((elo^ >= 18) && (elo^< 24))
mofkqc ("Arbk^p kl‘ebp" );
bipb
mofkqc( "Glo^ kl sƒifa^" );
z
Di lmbo^alo ‘lkaf‘flk^i ?

Di lmbo^alo ‘lkaf‘flk^i ? bp bi «kf‘l lmbo^alo qbok^ofl ab B. K^ cloj^ dbkbo^i ab i^p bumobpflkbp


‘lkpqorfa^p ‘lk bpqb lmbo^alo bp i^ pfdrfbkqb:

Dumobpf“k]1 ? bumobpf“k]2 : bumobpf“k]3;

Cb j^kbo^ nrb pf i^ mofjbo^ bumobpf“k pb bs^i«^ ‘fboq^, qla^ i^ bumobpf“k qlj^ bi s^ilo ab i^ pbdrka^
bumobpf“k. Dk ‘^j_fl, pf i^ mofjbo^ bumobpf“k pb bs^i«^ c^ip^, qla^ i^ bumobpf“k qlj^ bi s^ilo ab i^ qbo‘bo^
bumobpf“k.

Tk bgbjmil q¤mf‘l abi rpl ab bpqb lmbo^alo bp bi ‘ƒi‘ril abi jƒufjl ab alp s^ilobp. Dk i^ pfdrfbkqb
pbkqbk‘f^, ‘ qlj^ bi s^ilo abi jƒufjl bkqob i^ s^of^_ib ^ v _.

‘=(^>_)? ^: _;

Dpql jfpjl mlao¤^ e^_bopb bp‘ofql rp^kal i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k fc-bipb ‘ljl:

fc (^ > _)
‘ = ^;
bipb
‘ = _;
Cb bpq^ j^kbo^, ^idrk^p pbkqbk‘f^p fc-bipb pbk‘fii^p mrbabk bp‘of_fopb ab j^kbo^ jrv ‘ljm^‘q^
jbaf^kqb bi lmbo^alo ?.

Efk^ijbkqb, bi lmbo^alo ‘lkaf‘flk^i, mlo pbo bk ob^ifa^a rk lmbo^alo m^o^ bumobpflkbp, mrbab rp^opb bk
ird^obp alkab kl mrbab rp^opb rk fc-bipb, ‘ljl pb jrbpqo^ ^ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k:

mofkqc (’Di j¤kfjl bp %a [k", ( (u < v) ? u : v) ) ;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 17 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Blkpqor‘‘f“k ptfq‘e

Dpq^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k mbojfqb bpmb‘fcf‘^o j«iqfmibp pbkqbk‘f^p ^i bpqfil fc-bipb-fc, mbol ab j^kbo^ jƒp
‘ljm^‘q^, ibdf_ib v bibd^kqb. Rr cloj^ dbkbo^i bp i^ pfdrfbkqb:

ptfq‘e ( bumobpf“k )
x ‘^pb ‘lkpq^kqb]1:
dorml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p;
_ob^h;
‘^pb ‘lkpq^kqb]2 :
dorml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]2 ;
_ob^h;
¶¶¶¶¶¶¶¶¶¶¶..
‘^pb ‘lkpq^kqb]M :
dorml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]M;
_ob^h;
abc^riq :
dorml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]mlo]abcb‘ql;
_ob^h;z

Clkab i^ bumobpf“k ab_b pbo ab qfml bkqbol l ‘^oƒ‘qbo, ^i fdr^i nrb qla^p i^p ‘lkpq^kqbp ^pl‘f^a^p ^
‘^a^ bqfnrbq^ ‘^pb. Dp fjmloq^kqb obp^iq^o nrb kl mrbabk rp^opb s^of^_ibp l bumobpflkbp bk ilp afpqfkqlp ‘^pb,
pfkl p“il ‘lkpq^kqbp.

Di crk‘flk^jfbkql ab i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k ptfq‘e bp ‘ljl pfdrb. Dk mofjbo ird^o pb bs^i«^ i^ bumobpf“k.


Rbdrfa^jbkqb pr s^ilo bp ‘ljm^o^al pb‘rbk‘f^ijbkqb ‘lk bi ab i^p afcbobkqbp ‘lkpq^kqbp bk ilp ‘^pb. Rf bi s^ilo
ab i^ bumobpf“k ‘lfk‘fab ‘lk ^idrk^ ab bii^p, pb bgb‘rq^ bi dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p ‘loobpmlkafbkqb v ptfq‘e
‘lk‘irvb do^‘f^p ^ i^ pbkqbk‘f^ _ob^h. Dk ‘^pl ‘lkqo^ofl, v pf bufpqb bi ‘^pl abc^riq (nrb bp lm‘flk^i), pb
bgb‘rq^o¤^ bi dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p mlo abcb‘ql (sbo Efd. 4).

B^_b jbk‘flk^o ab cloj^ bpmb‘f^i, i^ pbkqbk‘f^ _ob^h nrb slisbobjlp ^ sbo bk ‘^m¤qrilp pr‘bpfslp. Dk
dbkbo^i, _ob^h pb rqfifw^ m^o^ cfk^ifw^o ab cloj^ clow^a^ i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abkqol ab rk _ilnrb ab ‘“afdl, ab j^kbo^
nrb i^ pfdrfbkqb pbkqbk‘f^ ^ bgb‘rq^o pboƒ i^ mofjbo^ pbkqbk‘f^ grpql abpmr§p ab af‘el _ilnrb. Dk i^
‘lkpqor‘‘f“k ptfq‘e, _ob^h bp kb‘bp^ofl m^o^ ‘lk‘irfo i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abi dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p ^pl‘f^al ^i ‘^pl
‘rv^ ‘lkpq^kqb ‘lfk‘fab ‘lk bi s^ilo ab i^ bumobpf“k. @p¤ mrbp, i^ pbkqbk‘f^ ^ bgb‘rq^o abpmr§p ab _ob^h bk rk
ptfq‘e, pboƒ i^ mofjbo^ pbkqbk‘f^ mlpqboflo ^ i^ ii^sb z nrb ‘fboo^ bi ptfq‘e.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 18 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Efdro^ 4: Dpnrbj^ ab crk‘flk^jfbkql ab ptfq‘e

K^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k ptfq‘e q^j_f§k mlao¤^ bp‘of_fopb ab cloj^ bnrfs^ibkqb jbaf^kqb pbkqbk‘f^p abi qfml
f c - b 1 p b - f c, ab i^ pfdrfbkqb cloj^:

Hc (‘lkaf‘f“k]1)
x
Forml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]1
z
bipb fc (‘lkaf‘f“k]2)
x
Forml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]2
z
¶¶¶¶¶..
bipb fc (‘lkaf‘f“k]M)
x
Forml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]M
z
bipb
x
Forml]]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p]mlo ]abcb‘ql
z
nrb, ‘ljl mrbab sbopb, bp jr‘el jƒp fkbcf‘fbkqb bk qfbjml ab bgb‘r‘f“k, mrbpql nrb i^ bumobpf“k
ab_b bs^ir^opb obmbqfa^p sb‘bp, rk^ m^o^ ‘^a^ ‘lkaf‘f“k.

Di pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil jrbpqo^ rk moldo^j^ nrb e^‘b rpl ab ptfq‘e m^o^ qo^ar‘fo ^ ‘^o^‘qbobp rk a¤dfql
bkqob 1 v 5.

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk()
x fkq krj;
p‘^kc( "%a", &krj );

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 19 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

ptfq‘e ( krj )
x ‘^pb 1 :
mofkqc( "Tkl.[k" ) ;
_ob^h;
‘^pb 2 :
mofkqc ( "Clp.[k" ) ;
_ob^h;
¶¶¶¶¶.
‘^pb 5 :
mofkqc( "Bfk‘l.[k" );
_ob^h;
abc^riq :
mofkqc( "Di a¤dfql bpqƒ crbo^ ab o^kdl.[k" );
_ob^h;z
z

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 20 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Dgbo‘f‘flp

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ib^ qobp s^ilobp bkqbolp v jrbpqob mlo m^kq^ii^ bi jƒufjl v bi j¤kfjl ab
biilp.

C^al bi pfdrfbkqb moldo^j^, ob^ifw^o rk pbdrfjfbkql ab i^ bgb‘r‘f“k bk ilp pfdrfbkqbp prmrbpqlp:

^= 0, _ = 0, ‘ = 5, a = 3

^= 2, _ = 1, ‘ = 5, a = 3

^= 2, _ = 1, ‘ = 2, a = 2

^= 2, _ = 1, ‘ = 0, a=0

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk()
x fkq ^, _, ‘, a;
p‘^kc( "%a %a %a %a", &^, &_, &‘, &a );
fc ( ((^ > 0) y y (_ > ^)) && (‘ != a) )
x ^ = ‘; _ = 0; z
bipb
x‘+=a;
‘ = (‘ == 0) ? (‘ + _) : (‘ - ^) ;
_ = ^ + ‘ + a; z
mofkqc( "%a %a %a %a[k", ^, _, ‘, a );
Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ib^ rk s^ilo bkqbol v abqbojfkb pf bp j«iqfmil ab 2 v ab 5.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 21 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Blkpqor‘‘flkbp fqbo^qfs^p

G^pq^ ^elo^ ebjlp sfpql ^idrklp ^pmb‘qlp _ƒpf‘lp abi ‘lkqoli abi cirgl ab bgb‘r‘f“k ab rk moldo^j^ bk
B. Dpqb ‘^m¤qril mobpbkq^ ilp jb‘^kfpjlp nrb B lcob‘b m^o^ i^ bgb‘r‘f“k obmbqfa^ ab pbkqbk‘f^p, _fbk rk
k«jbol mobcfg^al ab sb‘bp, _fbk abmbkafbkal ab ‘fboq^ ‘lkaf‘f“k. Dp ab‘fo, jb‘^kfpjlp m^o^ i^ ‘ob^‘f“k ab
_r‘ibp ab bgb‘r‘f“k.

B molmlo‘flk^ i^p pfdrfbkqbp ‘lkpqor‘‘flkbp fqbo^qfs^p:

· i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k tefib,

· i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k al-tefib, v

· i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k clo.

Blkpqor‘‘f“k tefib

K^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k tefib bp pfjfi^o ^ i^ bufpqbkqb bk lqolp ibkdr^gbp ab moldo^j^‘f“k. Rfk bj_^odl,


ab_fal ^ nrb bk B qla^ pbkqbk‘f^ mrbab ‘lkpfabo^opb ‘ljl rk^ bumobpf“k, i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k tefib ab B lcob‘b
‘fboq^ mlqbk‘f^ ^'^afa^.

K^ cloj^ jƒp dbkbo^i m^o^ i^ bgb‘r‘f“k obmbqfa^ ab rk^ pli^ pbkqbk‘f^ bp:

tefib (‘lkaf‘f“k)

pbkqbk‘f^;

N m^o^ i^ bgb‘r‘f“k obmbqfa^ ab rk dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p:

tefib (‘lkaf‘f“k)

x dorml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p ;

Di crk‘flk^jfbkql ab bpq^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k bp _^pq^kqb pfjmib. Di ‘rboml abi _r‘ib, bp ab‘fo, i^ pbkqbk‘f^ l
dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p abkqol abi _r‘ib, pb bgb‘rq^ jfbkqo^p bi s^ilo ab i^ bumobpf“k nrb ^‘q«^ ab ‘lkaf‘f“k pb^
‘fboql. Dk bi jljbkql bk nrb i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k pb^ c^ip^, i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abi moldo^j^ ‘lkqfk«^ pb‘rbk‘f^ijbkqb ‘lk
i^ pfdrfbkqb fkpqor‘‘f“k qo^p bi _r‘ib (sbo Efd. 5).

Efdro^ 5 Dpnrbj^ ab crk‘flk^jfbkql ab tefib

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 22 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Di pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil ‘^i‘ri^ i^ jbaf^ ab rk^ pb‘rbk‘f^ ab k«jbolp bkqbolp ib¤alp mlo qb‘i^al ^‘^_^a^
bk-1:

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>

slfa j^fk()

fkq krj, ‘lkq, prj^;

‘lkq = 0;

prj^ = 0;

p‘^kc( "%a", &krj );

tefib (krj != -1)

‘lkq++;

prj^ = prj^ + krj;

p‘^kc( "%a", &krj );

fc (‘lkq != 0)

mofkqc( "K^ jbaf^ bp %a[k", prj/‘lkq );

bipb

mofkqc( "K^ pb‘rbk‘f^ bp s^‘¤^.[k" );

Dk i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k tefib i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k pb bs^i«^ ^i mofk‘fmfl abi _r‘ib. Olo biil, pf ‘r^kal pb ^i‘^kw^ bi
_r‘ib mlo mofjbo^ sbw, i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k bp c^ip^, bi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib kl pb bgb‘rq^ krk‘^ (fj^d¤kbpb bi ‘^pl, bk bi
bgbjmil ^kqboflo, bk nrb bi mofjbo k«jbol ab i^ pb‘rbk‘f^ pb^ -1). Bljl ‘lkpb‘rbk‘f^, bi ‘rboml ab rk _r‘ib
tefib mrbab bgb‘rq^opb bkqob 0 v M sb‘bp, alkab M abmbkab ab i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k.

M“qbpb q^j_f§k nrb pf i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k mboj^kb‘b ‘fboq^, bi _r‘ib mrbab kl qbojfk^o krk‘^ (fj^d¤kbpb
nr§ l‘roofo¤^ pf pb bifjfk^ i^ pbkqbk‘f^ p‘^kc abi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib abi bgbjmil ^kqboflo). Olo biil,
e^_fqr^ijbkqb i^p pbkqbk‘f^p abi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib jlafcf‘^k i^p s^of^_ibp nrb ^m^ob‘bk bk i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k, ab
cloj^ nrb §pq^ pb^ c^ip^ bk ^id«k jljbkql.

Olo lqo^ m^oqb, i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k abi _r‘ib (v bpql bp buqbkpf_ib ^ i^p afcbobkqbp ‘lkpqor‘‘flkbp obmbqfqfs^p)

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 23 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Efdro^ 5^: Dpnrbj^ ab crk‘flk^jfbkql ab al-tefib

kl qfbkb mlo nr§ pbo pfjmibjbkqb rk^ bumobpf“k i“df‘^, pfkl nrb mrbab pbo ‘r^inrfbo bumobpf“k. Olo
bgbjmil, ilp pfdrfbkqb _r‘ibp

tefib (u- -) x ¶¶¶ z

tefib (u = u+1);

plk mbocb‘q^jbkqb sƒifalp. Dk ^j_lp ‘^plp bi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib pb obmbqfoƒ jfbkqo^p bi s^ilo ab u pb^
afpqfkql ab 0. M“qbpb nrb bk bi pbdrkal ‘^pl bi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib bp kril, il ‘r^i q^j_f§k bp mlpf_ib.

Blkpqor‘‘f“k al-tefib

K^ cloj^ dbkbo^i ab i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k al-tefib bp i^ pfdrfbkqb:

al

pbkqbk‘f^; l dorml]ab.]pbkqbk‘f^p ;

z tefib (‘lkaf‘f“k)

M“qbpb nrb q^kql m^o^ bgb‘rq^o rk^ pli^ pbkqbk‘f^ ‘ljl m^o^ bgb‘rq^o rk dorml ab bii^p, i^p ii^sbp x z
plk fdr^ijbkqb kb‘bp^of^p.

Dpq^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k crk‘flk^ ab j^kbo^ jrv pfjfi^o ^ i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k tefib. Rfk bj_^odl, ^i ‘lkqo^ofl
nrb §pq^, al › tefib bgb‘rq^ mofjbol bi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib v abpmr§p bs^i«^ i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k. Olo il ‘r^i, bi ‘rboml
abi _r‘ib pb bgb‘rq^ ‘ljl j¤kfjl 1 sbw (sbo Efd. 5^).

Di pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil ‘rbkq^ bi k«jbol ab sb‘bp nrb ^m^ob‘b bi k«jbol 3 bk rk^ pb‘rbk‘f^ ab k«jbolp
bkqbolp ^‘^_^a^ bk -1:

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk()
x
fkq krj, ‘lkq ;
‘lkq =0;
al
x
p‘^kc( "%a", &krj );

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 24 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

fc (krj == 3) ‘lkq++;
z tefib (krj != -1);
mofkqc( "Di 3 e^ ^m^ob‘fal %a sb‘bp[k", ‘lkq );
z
Dp fjmloq^kqb abpq^‘^o bi rpl ab ’;’ abpmr§p ab i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k, ^ afcbobk‘f^ ab bk i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k tefib,
alkab kl pb rqfifw^.

Efk^ijbkqb, ‘^_b ab‘fo nrb qo^af‘flk^ijbkqb, q^kql i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k tefib ‘ljl i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k al-
tefib pb rqfifw^k bk _r‘ibp alkab pb abp‘lkl‘b ^moflof bi k«jbol bu^‘ql ab fqbo^‘flkbp.

Blkpqor‘‘f“k clo

Dpq^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k fqbo^qfs^ kl mobpbkq^ rk cloj^ql cfgl bpqof‘ql, pfkl nrb ^ajfqb krjbolp^p s^of^kqbp,
il nrb i^ alq^ ab do^k mlqbk‘f^ v cibuf_fifa^a.

Rr cloj^ jƒp dbkbo^i m^o^ i^ bgb‘r‘f“k obmbqfa^ ab rk^ pli^ pbkqbk‘f^ bp:

clo (pbkqbk‘f^]fkf‘f^i ; ‘lkaf‘f“k ; fk‘objbkql/ab‘objbkql) pbkqbk‘f^;

l m^o^ i^ bgb‘r‘f“k obmbqfa^ ab rk dorml ab pbkqbk‘f^p:

Rbkqbk‘f^ fkf‘f^i

Efdro^ 5‘: Dpnrbj^ ab crk‘flk^jfbkql ab clo

clo (pbkqbk‘f^-fkf‘f^i ; ‘lkaf‘f“k ; fk‘objbkql/ab‘objbkql)

dorml]ab]pbkqbk‘f^p ;

K^ mofjbo^ m^oqb ab i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k clo ^‘lpqrj_o^ ^ pbo rk^ pbkqbk‘f^ ab ^pfdk^‘f“k alkab pb
fkf‘f^ifw^ ^idrk^ s^of^_ib nrb ‘lkqoli^ bi k«jbol ab sb‘bp nrb ab_b bgb‘rq^opb bi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib. Dpq^
pbkqbk‘f^ pb bgb‘rq^ rk^ pli^ l‘^pf“k, ^kqbp ab bkqo^o mlo mofjbo^ sbw ^i ‘rboml abi _r‘ib.

K^ pbdrka^ m^oqb ‘loobpmlkab ^ i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k nrb fkaf‘^ ‘rƒkal cfk^ifw^ bi _r‘ib, ab i^ jfpj^ cloj^

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 25 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

nrb bk i^p ‘lkpqor‘‘flkbp fqbo^qfs^p ^kqboflobp. Dk bpqb ‘^pl, i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k pb bs^i«^ ^kqbp ab bgb‘rq^o bi ‘rboml
abi _r‘ib, mlo il nrb ^i fdr^i nrb bk i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k tefib, bi ‘rboml mrbab bgb‘rq^opb bkqob 0 v M sb‘bp,
alkab M abmbkab ab i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k.

K^ qbo‘bo^ m^oqb ‘loobpmlkab kloj^ijbkqb ^ rk^ pbkqbk‘f^ ab fk‘objbkql l ab‘objbkql pl_ob i^


s^of^_ib ab ‘lkqoli abi _r‘ib. Dpq^ pbkqbk‘f^ pb bgb‘rq^ pfbjmob abpmr§p ab i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib.

K^ cfdro^ 5.‘ jrbpqo^ bpnrbjƒqf‘^jbkqb bi crk‘flk^jfbkql abi _r‘ib clo.

Di moldo^j^ abi pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil rqfifw^ i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k clo m^o^ ‘^i‘ri^o bi prj^qlofl

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk()
x
fkq f, ‘r_l, prj^;
prj^ = 0;
clo (f = 0 ; f <= 10 ; f++)
x
‘r_l = f * f * f;
prj^ += ‘r_l; z
mofkqc( "Di prj^qlofl bp %a[k", prj^ );
z

K^p qobp m^oqbp ab i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k clo plk lm‘flk^ibp, mlo il nrb bp mlpf_ib ljfqfo ^idrk^ l qla^p bii^p.
Dk ‘r^inrfbo ‘^pl, ilp mrkql v ‘lj^ (;) pbm^o^alobp plk pfbjmob kb‘bp^oflp. Tk bgbjmil ‘iƒpf‘l ab bpqb qfml ab
_r‘ib clo bp bi _r‘ib fkcfkfql (krk‘^ ‘lk‘irvb i^ bgb‘r‘f“k):

clo ( ; 1 ; )x

/* Forml ab pbkqbk‘f^p */ z

So^af‘flk^ijbkqb i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k clo pb rqfifw^ bk _r‘ibp alkab bi k«jbol bu^‘ql ab fqbo^‘flkbp bp


‘lkl‘fal ^ moflof, v mrbab ‘lkqoli^opb jbaf^kqb rk^ s^of^_ib nrb ^‘q«^ ‘ljl ‘lkq^alo.

Di lmbo^alo ‘lj^ (,)

B mbojfqb i^ rqfifw^‘f“k ab jƒp ab rk^ pbkqbk‘f^ bk i^ mofjbo^ v qbo‘bo^ m^oqbp ab i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k c lo,
^p¤ ‘ljl ab jƒp ab rk^ ‘lkaf‘f“k bk i^ pbdrka^ m^oqb. Olo bgbjmil, bi pfdrfbkqb _r‘ib bp sƒifal bk B:

clo (f = 0, g = 10 ; f < 10, g > 0 ; f++, g-=2)

/* Forml ab pbkqbk‘f^p */

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 26 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

@p¤ mrbp, i^p s^of^_ibp f v g pb fkf‘f^ifw^k ^ 0 v 10, obpmb‘qfs^jbkqb, ^kqbp ab ‘ljbkw^o i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abi
_r‘ib. Dk i^ pbdrka^ m^oqb ab i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k, ^m^ob‘bk alp ‘lkaf‘flkbp, f < 10 v g > 0. Rf ^idrk^ ab bii^p bp
c^ip^, i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abi _r‘ib pb abqfbkb. Efk^ijbkqb, qo^p bgb‘rq^opb bi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib, f pb fk‘objbkq^ bk 1 v g
pb ab‘objbkq^ bk 2, qo^p il ‘r^i srbisbk ^ ‘ljmol_^opb i^p ‘lkaf‘flkbp, v ^p¤ pr‘bpfs^jbkqb.

Dnrfs^ibk‘f^ clo-tefib

Bljl pb e^ mlafal sbo, B qo^q^ bi _r‘ib clo ab j^kbo^ jrv pfjfi^o ^i _r‘ib tefib, rp^kal rk^
‘lkaf‘f“k m^o^ ab‘fafo ‘rƒkal ‘lk‘irvb i^ bgb‘r‘f“k. Cb eb‘el, qlal _r‘ib clo mrbab bp‘of_fopb ab cloj^
bnrfs^ibkqb jbaf^kqb rk _r‘ib tef ib ab i^ pfdrfbkqb cloj^:

pbkqbk‘f^-fkf‘f^i;

tefib (‘lkaf‘f“k)

pbkqbk‘f^;

fk‘objbkql/ab‘objbkql;

K^p pbkqbk‘f^p _ob^h v ‘lkqfkr§

B molmlo‘flk^ alp jb‘^kfpjlp m^o^ ^iqbo^o i^ bgb‘r‘f“k ab i^p ‘lkpqor‘‘flkbp fqbo^qfs^p: i^p pbkqbk‘f^p

_ob^h v ‘lkqfkr§.

_ob^h

Dpq^ pbkqbk‘f^ qfbkb rk^ al_ib cfk^ifa^a. Olo rk i^al, fkaf‘^ bi cfk^i ab rk ‘^pb bk i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k
ptfq‘e, ‘ljl v^ pb sfl bk i^ pb‘‘f“k 4.3. X mlo lqol, m^o^ clow^o i^ qbojfk^‘f“k fkjbaf^q^ ab i^ bgb‘r‘f“k ab
rk _r‘ib. Cb bpq^ cloj^, pb mbojfqb p^ifo ab i^ ‘lkpqor‘‘f“k obmbqfqfs^ fdklo^kal i^ bs^ir^‘f“k ab i^ ‘lkaf‘f“k.
Rf _fbk pr rpl bpqƒ ob‘lkl‘fal ‘ljl kl jrv bibd^kqb, mbojfqb bk l‘^pflkbp bp‘of_fo moldo^j^p jƒp ibdf_ibp v
‘ljm^‘qlp.

‘lkqfkrb

Dpq^ pbkqbk‘f^ pb rqfifw^ «kf‘^jbkqb bk i^p ‘lkpqor‘‘flkbp obmbqfqfs^p. Rr crk‘f“k bp i^ ab bsfq^o nrb pb
bgb‘rqb qlal bi ‘“afdl ^ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k ab bii^ v e^pq^ bi cfk^i abi ‘rboml abi _r‘ib, aro^kqb rk^ fqbo^‘f“k
abqbojfk^a^.

Di pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil mobqbkab firpqo^o bi rpl ab bpq^p pbkqbk‘f^p:

al

x p‘^kc("%a", &krj);

fc (krj< 0)

x mofkqc( "U^ilo fibd^i[k" );

_ob^h; /* @_^kalk^o bi _r‘ib. */ z

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 27 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

fc (krj > 100)

x mofkqc( "U^ilo abj^pf^al do^kab[k" );

‘lkqfkrb; /* Ml bgb‘rq^o bi obpql ab pbkqbk‘f^p b fo ^i cfk^i abi _r‘ib. */ z

/* Ool‘bp^o bi s^ilo ib¤al */

¶¶¶¶¶¶¶..

z tefib (krj != 0 );

.............

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 28 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Dgbo‘f‘flp

Rb ob‘ljfbka^ ob^ifw^o ilp pfdrfbkqbp bgbo‘f‘flp rqfifw^kal i^p afcbobkqbp ‘lkpqor‘‘flkbp fqbo^qfs^p mob-
pbkq^a^p.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘^i‘rib i^ prj^ ab ilp 20 mofjbolp k«jbolp j«iqfmilp ab 5 l ab 7.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘^i‘rib i^ mlqbk‘f^ ab rk k«jbol bkqbol, a^al pr s^ilo v bi abi bumlkbkqb.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ib^ M k«jbolp bkqbolp v jrbpqob bi j^vlo v bi jbklo ab qlalp biilp.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb bp‘of_^ i^ q^_i^ ab jriqfmif‘^o ab rk k«jbol ib¤al mlo qb‘i^al.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb jrbpqob i^ pbofb ab Ef_lk^‘‘f e^pq^ rk i¤jfqb a^al. Qb‘loa^o nrb i^ pbofb ab
Ef_lk^‘‘f pb abcfkb ‘ljl

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘lksfboq^ rk k«jbol bkqbol mlpfqfsl ^ ‘r^inrfbo _^pb ab krjbo^‘f“k a^a^,
fdr^i l fkcboflo ^ 10.

7 Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb abqbojfkb pf rk k«jbol bkqbol a^al bp mofjl l kl.

8 Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘^i‘rib bi c^‘qlof^i ab rk k«jbol bkqbol ib¤al mlo qb‘i^al.

9. Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘^i‘rib i^ prj^ ab qlalp ilp k«jbolp j«iqfmilp ab 5 ‘ljmobkafalp bkqob
alp bkqbolp ib¤alp mlo qb‘i^al.

10. Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb jrbpqob ilp 15 mofjbolp k«jbolp ab i^ pbofb ab Ef_lk^‘‘f.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 29 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Sfmlp ab a^qlp bibjbkq^ibp

G^pq^ bi jljbkql pb e^ rp^al fjmi¤‘fq^jbkqb bi qfml ab a^qlp bkqbol bk qlalp ilp bgbjmilp
mobpbkq^alp. Dk bpqb ‘^m¤qril bkqo^objlp bk ilp abq^iibp ab bpqb qfml ab a^qlp, ^p¤ ‘ljl ab lqolp qfmlp ab a^qlp
mobabcfkfalp bk B.

B molmlo‘flk^ ilp pfdrfbkqbp qfmlp ab a^qlp bibjbkq^ibp:

· k«jbolp bkqbolp,

· ‘^o^‘qbobp, v

· k«jbolp ab ‘lj^ cilq^kqb (ob^ibp).

· M«jbolp bkqbolp

K^ m^i^_o^ ‘i^sb rqfifw^a^ m^o^ bpmb‘fcf‘^o bi qfml ab a^qlp bkqbol bp fkq. Cbmbkafbkal abi loabk^alo,
abi pfpqbj^ lmbo^qfsl v bi ‘ljmfi^alo rqfifw^alp, bi q^j^'l ab rk bkqbol bk jbjlof^ s^o¤^. Rfk bj_^odl, elv
bk a¤^ i^ j^vlo¤^ ab ilp ‘ljmrq^alobp ^ij^‘bk^k i^p s^of^_ibp abi qfml fkq bk 32 _fqp (4 _vqbp), mlo il nrb bi
o^kdl obmobpbkq^_^ ab k«jbolp bkqbolp s^ abpab -2147483648 e^pq^ 2147483647 (bpql bp, abpab -231 e^pq^
231 - 1). Olo lqol i^al, bk bi bkqlokl HAL-OB ^«k bufpqbk ‘ljmfi^alobp bk alkab rk bkqbol p“il l‘rm^ 16
_fqp (2 _vqbp), ‘lk rk o^kdl bkqob -32768 v 32767 (abpab -215 e^pq^ 215 - 1). Olo bgbjmil, Sro_l B 2.0,
Ufpr^i B++ 1.5, bq‘.

@rknrb v^ pb e^ sfpql mobsf^jbkqb, bi cloj^ql m^o^ ab‘i^o^o s^of^_ibp bkqbo^p bp:

fkq ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

Clkab pb bpmb‘fcf‘^ rk^ ifpq^ ab klj_obp ab s^of^_ibp pbm^o^alp mlo ‘lj^p.

Klp k«jbolp bkqbolp bk B pb bumobp^k jbaf^kqb rk^ pbofb ab a¤dfqlp, mob‘bafalp l kl mlo rk pfdkl + l
-. Rf bi k«jbol bp mlpfqfsl, bi pfdkl + bp lm‘flk^i. G^_fqr^ijbkqb pb rqfifw^ i^ klq^‘f“k ab‘fj^i, ^rknrb
q^j_f§k bp mlpf_ib rp^o klq^‘f“k l‘q^i v ebu^ab‘fj^i. Dk ilp k«jbolp bumobp^alp bk l‘q^i, pb rqfifw^ rk 0
‘ljl mofjbo a¤dfql, jfbkqo^p nrb bk ilp k«jbolp bumobp^alp bk ebu^ab‘fj^i, bi k«jbol bp mob‘bafal mlo rk
0 v rk^ bnrfp j^v«p‘ri^ l jfk«p‘ri^ (Nu l 0W). K^ q^_i^ 6.1 jrbpqo^ ^idrklp bgbjmilp ab obmobpbkq^‘f“k ab
‘lkpq^kqbp bkqbo^p bk ilp afpqfkqlp cloj^qlp.

Cb‘fj^i N‘q^i Gbu^ab‘fj^i

27 033 0W1A

4026 07672 NuEA@

-149 -0225 -0u95

S^_i^ 6: Qbmobpbkq^‘f“k ab bkqbolp bk ab‘fj^i, l‘q^iv ebu^ab‘fj^i

Llafcf‘^alobp

B abcfkb rk^ pbofb ab jlafcf‘^alobp m^o^ bi qfml ab a^qlp bkqbol.

Di jlafcf‘^alo peloq

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 30 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Dpqb jlafcf‘^alo pb bjmib^ m^o^ obmobpbkq^o k«jbolp bkqbolp ab 16 _fqp, fkabmbkafbkqbjbkqb abi mol-
‘bp^alo, mlo il nrb pr o^kdl bp Z-32768,32767\. @p¤ mrbp, e^v bkqloklp ab moldo^j^‘f“k alkab bi q^j^'l v
o^kdl ab rk^ s^of^_ib peloq fkq ‘lfk‘fab ‘lk bi ab fkq. Lfbkqo^p nrb bk lqolp bkqloklp, rk^ s^of^_ib ab qfml
peloq fkq l‘rm^ i^ jfq^a ab bpm^‘fl v qfbkb rk o^kdl jr‘el jbklo. K^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab s^of^_ibp ab bpqb qfml
qfbkb i^ cloj^:

peloq fkq ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

N pfjmibjbkqb:

peloq ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

Ml bufpqb kfkdrk^ j^kbo^ ab bpmb‘fcf‘^o bumi¤‘fq^jbkqb ‘lkpq^kqbp ab qfml peloq fkq.

Di jlafcf‘^alo ilkd

Dpqb jlafcf‘^alo pb bjmib^ m^o^ obmobpbkq^o k«jbolp bkqbolp ‘lk rk o^kdl j^vlo ^i mbojfqfal mlo
fkq, mlo il nrb q^j_f§k l‘rm^k jƒp bpm^‘fl bk jbjlof^. Olo il q^kql i^p s^of^_ibp abi qfml ilkd fkq mrbabk
l‘rm^o 32 l 64 _fqp pbd«k bi bkqlokl. G^_fqr^ijbkqb plk 64 _fqp, il nrb a^ rk o^kdl ab obmobpbkq^‘f“k ab Z-
9223372036854775808,9223372036854775807\, bpql bp Z-263,-263 - 1\. K^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab s^of^_ibp bp
‘ljl pfdrb:

ilkd fkq ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

N pfjmibjbkqb:

ilkd ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

O^o^ bpmb‘fcf‘^o bumi¤‘fq^jbkqb nrb rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb bp ab qfml ilkd fkq, ab_b bp‘of_fopb rk^ ibqo^ bib
(j^v«p‘ri^ l jfk«p‘ri^), grpql abqoƒp abi s^ilo ‘lkpq^kqb. B^_b ab‘fo, nrb bpql p“il bp kb‘bp^ofl bk ‘^pl nrb bi
s^ilo ab i^ ‘lkpq^kqb nrb pb abpb^ bpmb‘fcf‘^o bpq§ abkqol abi o^kdl ab fkq. Dp ob‘ljbka^_ib bi rpl ab ’K’, mrbp
’1’ mrbab ‘lkcrkafopb ‘lk bi a¤dfql 1. @ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^ rk bgbjmil:

ilkd u;

. ... .. .

u = -554K;

u = 187387632;

Di jlafcf‘^alo pfdkba

Dp bi jlafcf‘^alo rp^al mlo abcb‘ql m^o^ qlal a^ql ab qfml fkq, mlo il nrb kl prbib rqfifw^opb ab cloj^
bumi¤‘fq^. Dk ‘r^inrfbo ‘^pl, i^p ab‘i^o^‘flkbp qfbkb i^ cloj^:

pfdkba fkq ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

N pfjmibjbkqb:

fkq ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

Di jlafcf‘^alo rkpfdkba

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 31 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Dpqb jlafcf‘^alo mbojfqb bpmb‘fcf‘^o k«jbolp bkqbolp pfk pfdkl. Bljl ‘lkpb‘rbk‘f^ ab bifjfk^o bi
pfdkl ab i^ obmobpbkq^‘f“k, bi o^kdl ab s^ilobp mlpfqfslp pb ^jmif^ e^pq^ Z0,65535\ pf pb bjmib^k 16 _fqp, l
Z0,4294967295\ pf pb bjmib^k 32 _fqp. K^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab s^of^_ibp pb ob^ifw^ ‘ljl:

rkpfdkba fkq ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

N pfjmibjbkqb:

rkpfdkba ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

Orbabk bpmb‘fcf‘^opb ‘lkpq^kqbp ab qfml rkpfdkba, bp‘of_fbkal rk^ ibqo^ r j^v«p‘ri^ grpql abqoƒp abi
s^ilo ‘lkpq^kqb, ‘ljl bk:

rkpfdkba u;

u = 45728; u = 345T;

Efk^ijbkqb, ‘^_b ‘ljbkq^o nrb bi jlafcf‘^alo rkpfdkba mrbab ‘lj_fk^opb ‘lk peloq v ilkd. Olo
bgbjmil, ilp a^qlp ab qfml rkpfdkba ilkd qfbkbk rk o^kdl sƒifal ab Z0,264 - 1\, bp ab‘fo
Z0,18446744073709551615\.

Qbprjbk

K^ q^_i^ 6_ obprjb ilp afpqfkqlp qfmlp ab a^qlp bkqbolp nrb pb e^k mobpbkq^al, jlpqo^kal pr o^kdl,
l‘rm^‘f“k ab jbjlof^ bk _fqp v bi jlafcf‘^alo ab cloj^ql m^o^ mofkqc v p‘^kc.

Sfml Q^kdl S^j^'l Eloj^ql

fkq Z-2147483648,2147483647\ 32 _fqp %a

rkpfdkba fkq Z0,4294967295\ 32 _fqp %r

peloq fkq Z-32768,32767\ 16 _fqp %a

rkpfdkba peloq fkq Z0,65535\ 16 _fqp %r

ilkd fkq Zfi263,263 fi 1\ 64 _fqp %ia

rkpfdkba ilkd fkq Z0, 264 - 1\ 64 _fqp %ir

S^_i^ 6._: Qbprjbk ab qfmlp ab a^qlp bkqbolp

B^o^‘qbobp

Dpqb qfml ab a^qlp pb fabkqfcf‘^ ‘lk i^ m^i^_o^ obpbos^a^ ‘e^o. Bljmobkab rk ‘lkgrkql loabk^al v
cfkfql ab ‘^o^‘qbobp, obmobpbkq^alp jbaf^kqb ‘“afdlp krj§of‘lp. K^ ‘lafcf‘^‘f“k jƒp buqbkafa^ bp bi bpqƒka^o
@RBHH nrb rqfifw^ 8 _fqp. @p¤ mrbp, bi qfml ab a^qlp ‘e^o bp fkqbok^jbkqb qo^q^al ‘ljl rk bkqbol, ^rknrb
mrbab j^kfmri^opb ‘ljl rk ‘^oƒ‘qbo molmf^jbkqb. Di ^m§kaf‘b C jrbpqo^ i^ q^_i^ ‘ljmibq^ ab ‘“afdlp @RBHH
v ilp ‘^o^‘qbobp ^pl‘f^alp. K^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab s^of^_ibp pb ob^ifw^ ‘ljl:

‘e^o ifpq^]ab]s^of^_ibp;

K^ cloj^ e^_fqr^i ab bumobp^o rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb ab qfml ‘e^o bp jbaf^kqb bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo ‘loobpmlkafbkqb bkqob

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 32 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

‘ljfii^p:

‘e^o u, v;

u = ’ c’ ;

v = ’ ? ’ ; u = ’ 5’ ;

Cb_fal ^ i^ obmobpbkq^‘f“k fkqbok^ ab ilp ‘^o^‘qbobp jbaf^kqb k«jbolp bkqbolp, mrbabk ob^ifw^opb
lmbo^‘flkbp ^ofqj§qf‘^p ‘ljl: ’ E’ +’ 5 ’ , l il nrb bp il jfpjl, 70 + 53 = 123, nrb bnrfs^ib ^i ‘^oƒ‘qbo ’ x’; l
‘ljl ’ E’ +5, bpql bp 70 + 5 = 75 nrb bnrfs^ib ^i ‘^oƒ‘qbo ’ J’.

Olo i^ jfpj^ o^w“k q^j_f§k pb bpq^_ib‘b rk loabk bkqob ilp ‘^o^‘qbobp, il nrb mbojfqb rp^o ilp
lmbo^alobp obi^‘f“k^ibp e^_fqr^ibp. @p¤ mrbp, i^ ‘ljm^o^‘f“k ’ ^’ < = ’ e’ a^ ‘ljl obpriq^al bi s^ilo ‘fboql, l i^
‘ljm^o^‘f“k ’J’ > ’U a^ ‘ljl obpriq^al bi s^ilo c^ipl.

B^o^‘qbobp bpmb‘f^ibp

@idrklp ab ilp ‘^o^‘qbobp abcfkfalp mlo bi bpqƒka^o @RBHH kl plk afob‘q^jbkqb fjmofjf_ibp, mlo il nrb
m^o^ rqfifw^oilp bk rk moldo^j^ bp kb‘bp^ofl rk jb‘^kfpjl bpmb‘f^i. Dk ob^ifa^a, B lcob‘b alp:

Orbab rp^opb bi ‘“afdl @RBHH ^pl‘f^al ^i ‘^oƒ‘qbo, nrb mrbab obmobpbkq^opb q^kql bk ab‘fj^i, l‘q^i l
ebu^ab‘fj^i. Olo bgbjmil, bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo ’ [ 9’ obmobpbkq^ rk q^_ri^alo jbaf^kqb pr ‘“afdl @RBHH bk ab‘fj^i; bi
‘^oƒ‘qbo ’ [04 0’ ‘loobpmlkab ^i bpm^‘fl bk _i^k‘l jbaf^kqb pr ‘“afdl @RBHH bk l‘q^i, bq‘.

N _fbk, mrbabk rp^opb pb‘rbk‘f^p ab bp‘^mb bpmb‘f^ibp, ‘ljl ’ [k’ , m^o^ clow^o rk p^iql ab i¤kb^, nrb
ebjlp rqfifw^al bk bgbjmilp ^kqboflobp. K^ pfdrfbkqb q^_i^ jrbpqo^ ilp jƒp rqfifw^alp:

S^_i^ 6‘: B^o^‘qbobp fkqbomobq^alp ‘ljl bkqbolp

Dkqbolp v bi qfml ‘e^o

Orbpql nrb bi qfml ‘e^o bpqƒ fkqbok^jbkqb obmobpbkq^al jbaf^kqb ‘“afdlp krj§of‘lp ab 8 _fqp, rk^
s^of^_ib ab bpqb qfml mrbab fkqbomobq^opb q^j_f§k ‘ljl rk^ s^of^_ib bkqbo^. @p¤ mrbp, mrbabk rqfifw^opb
q^j_f§k ilp jlafcf‘^alobp pfdkba v rkpfdkba. Klp o^kdlp ab s^ilobp pb jrbpqo^k bk i^ q^_i^ 6‘.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 33 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Blksbopflkbp ab qfmlp

Dk dbkbo^i, bk B mrbab ‘lksboqfopb bi qfml ab rk^ s^of^_ib l ‘lkpq^kqb ^ lqol qfml ‘r^inrfbo^. O^o^ biil,
_^pq^ ‘lk bp‘of_fo abi^kqb ab af‘e^ s^of^_ib bi krbsl qfml bkqob m^o§kqbpfp. @rknrb kl molcrkafw^objlp bk i^
‘lksbopf“k ab qfmlp bk B, sbobjlp pr rqfifa^a bk bpqb ‘^pl, m^o^ l_qbkbo bi ‘“afdl @RBHH ab rk ‘^oƒ‘qbo v
sf‘bsbop^.

Dk bi bgbjmil ab i^ fwnrfboa^, pb ^pfdk^ ^ i^ s^of^_ib ‘la bi ‘“afdl @RBHH abi ‘^oƒ‘qbo ’@’ ^ij^‘bk^al
bk i^ s^of^_ib ‘, nrb bp 65. Dk bi bgbjmil ab i^ abob‘e^, pb ^pfdk^ ^ i^ s^of^_ib ‘ bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo ‘loobpmlkafbkqb ^i
‘“afdl @RBHH 98 ^ij^‘bk^al bk i^ s^of^_ib ‘la, nrb bp bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo ’ _’.

fkq ‘la; fkq ‘la;

‘e^o ‘; ‘e^o ‘;

‘ = ’@’ ; ‘la=98;

‘la = (fkq) ‘; ‘= (‘e^o) ‘la;

O^o^ ‘lk‘irfo, rk m^o ab ^pmb‘qlp moƒ‘qf‘lp:

· Rf i^ s^of^_ib ‘ ^ij^‘bk^ ^id«k ‘^oƒ‘qbo abi o^kdl ’ 0 ’ . . . ’ 9 ’, mrbab l_qbkbopb pr s^ilo


krj§of‘l bnrfs^ibkqb (kl ‘lkcrkafo ‘lk bi ‘“afdl @RBHH) jbaf^kqb i^ pbkqbk‘f^:

f = (fkq)‘ - (fkq)’0’;

S^_i^ 6.a: Qbprjbk ab qfmlp ab a^qlp ob^ibp

Rf f bp rk^ s^of^_ib bkqbo^ ‘lk rk s^ilo bk bi o^kdl Z0,9\, mrbab l_qbkbopb bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo ‘loobpmlkafbkqb
ab i^ pfdrfbkqb cloj^:

‘ = (‘e^o)((fkq)’0’ + f);

M«jbolp ob^ibp

Mrbs^jbkqb, bk bi ^m§kaf‘b B pb abp‘of_b bi cloj^ql ab ‘lj^ cilq^kqb rp^al m^o^ ^ij^‘bk^o k«jbolp
ob^ibp. Dp fjmloq^kqb nrb bi ib‘qlo pb c^jfif^of‘b ‘lk bpqb cloj^ql m^o^ l_qbkbo rk^ jbglo ‘ljmobkpf“k ab bpq^
pb‘‘f“k.

Dk B bufpqbk _ƒpf‘^jbkqb alp qfmlp ab k«jbolp ob^ibp, ilp ab mob‘fpf“k pfjmib (cil^q) v ilp ab mob‘fpf“k

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 34 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

al_ib (alr_ib). Tk s^ilo ab qfml cil^q l‘rm^ 4 _vqbp (32 _fqp) v mbojfqb obmobpbkq^o k«jbolp ob^ibp ‘lk 8
a¤dfqlp ab mob‘fpf“k. Tk s^ilo ab qfml alr_ib l‘rm^ 8 _vqbp (64 _fqp) v mbojfqb obmobpbkq^o k«jbolp ob^ibp ‘lk
16 a¤dfqlp ab mob‘fpf“k (sbo S^_. 6.a).

K^p ‘lkpq^kqbp ob^ibp mrbabk obmobpbkq^opb jbaf^kqb alp klq^‘flkbp: i^ ab‘fj^i, ‘lkpqfqrfa^ mlo rk^
pbofb ab a¤dfqlp alkab i^ m^oqb ab‘fj^i pb pfq«^ abqoƒp ab rk mrkql, mlo bgbjmil -5.034 l 443.43; v i^ klq^‘f“k
‘fbkq¤cf‘^ l bumlkbk‘f^i, cloj^a^ mlo rk^ m^oqb bk klq^‘f“k ab‘fj^i nrb obmobpbkq^ i^ j^kqfp^, pbdrfa^ abi
‘^oƒ‘qbo ’D’ l ’b’ v rk k«jbol bkqbol nrb obmobpbkq^ bi bumlkbkqb, ‘ljl mlo bgbjmil: -3.56D67 l 7.9b-15.

Olo abcb‘ql, i^p ‘lkpq^kqbp ob^ibp pb ‘lkpfabo^k ab qfml alr_ib. O^o^ bpmb‘fcf‘^o bumi¤‘fq^jbkqb
‘lkpq^kqbp ab qfml cil^q, ab_b bp‘of_fopb rk^ ibqo^ bcb j^v«p‘ri^ qo^p i^ ‘lkpq^kqb, ‘ljl bk bi pfdrfbkqb
bgbjmil:

alr_ib u;

cil^q v;

u = 34D23;

v = 2.3D12E;

@idrklp ‘ljmfi^alobp ^ajfqbk bi rpl abi jlafcf‘^alo ilkd m^o^ bi qfml alr_ib. Dpqb qfml ab s^of^_ibp
pb ^ij^‘bk^k bk 16 _vqbp v molmlo‘flk^k mob‘fpf“k ‘rƒaormib (32 a¤dfqlp).

O^o^ ‘lk‘irfo, sb^jlp rk bgbjmil ab rpl ab k«jbolp ob^ibp bk rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘^i‘ri^ bi prj^qlofl

‘lk r boolo fkcboflo ab b , jfbkqo^p nrb f < 1000. Dumobp^kal bi boolo

j^qbjƒqf‘^jbkqb qbkbjlp:

@ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^ rk moldo^j^ nrb ob^ifw^ af‘el ‘ƒi‘ril:

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>

#abcfkb KHLHSD 1000

slfa j^fk ()

x fkq f, cfk;

cil^q prj^, q, bmpfilk;

prj^ = 0.0E;

cfk = 0; f = 1;

p‘^kc( "%c", hbmpfilk );

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 35 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

tefib (!cfk)

x q = 1.0E / (cil^q)f;

prj^ = prj^ + q;

f++;

cfk = ((q< bmpfilk) yy (f > KHLHSD)); z

mofkqc( "K^ prj^ bp %c[k", prj^ ); z

N_p§osbpb bi rpl abi jlafcf‘^alo ab cloj^ql %c m^o^ i^ bkqo^a^ v p^ifa^ ab s^ilobp ab ‘lj^ cilq^kqb, v
bi rpl ab i^ s^of^_ib cfk m^o^ ‘lkqoli^o i^ qbojfk^‘f“k abi _r‘ib.

Dk bi cf‘ebol ab ‘^_b‘bo^p j^qe. e (#fk‘irab< j^qe. e>), mboqbkb‘fbkqb ^ i^ if_obo¤^ bpqƒka^o, pb abcfkbk
rk^ pbofb ab crk‘flkbp j^qbjƒqf‘^p m^o^ lmbo^o ‘lk s^ilobp ob^ibp, ‘ljl: pnoq m^o^ i^ o^¤w ‘r^ao^a^, pfk v blp
m^o^ pbklp v ‘lpbklp, bq‘.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 36 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Dgbo‘f‘flp

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘rbkqb bi k«jbol ab sb‘bp nrb ^m^ob‘b rk^ ibqo^ bk rk^ pb‘rbk‘f^ ab
‘^o^‘qbobp ^‘^_^a^ bk ’ . ’ .

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ib^ rk ‘^oƒ‘qbo ab qb‘i^al b fkclojb ab pf bp ^ic^_§qf‘l, krj§of‘l, _i^k‘l l
rk pfdkl ab mrkqr^‘f“k.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘lksfboq^ rk^ pb‘rbk‘f^ ab a¤dfqlp bkqo^alp mlo qb‘i^al ^i k«jbol bkqbol
‘loobpmlkafbkqb. Rrm“kd^pb nrb bi mofjbo a¤dfql ib¤al bp bi ab j^vlo mbpl. N_p§osbpb q^j_f§k nrb bi mbpl
bcb‘qfsl ab ‘^a^ a¤dfql ib¤al bp abp‘lkl‘fal e^pq^ e^_bo ‘lk‘irfal i^ fkqolar‘‘f“k ab i^ pb‘rbk‘f^.

4. Rb^k i^p s^of^_ibp bkqbo^p f v g ‘lk s^ilobp 5 v 7, obpmb‘qfs^jbkqb. X i^p s^of^_ibp ab ‘lj^ cilq^kqb c v
d ‘lk s^ilobp 5.5 v-3.25, obpmb‘qfs^jbkqb. }Brƒi pboƒ bi obpriq^al ab i^p pfdrfbkqbp ^pfdk^‘flkbp?

(^) f = f % 5;

(_) c = (c - d)/ 2;

(‘) g = g * (f- 3);

(a) c = c % d;

(b) f = f / (g- 2);

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘^i‘rib v jrbpqob mlo m^kq^ii^ i^p o^¤‘bp ab rk^ b‘r^‘f“k ab pbdrkal do^al,
ibvbkal mobsf^jbkqb ilp ‘lbcf‘fbkqbp @, A v B ab i^ jfpj^: @u} + Au + B = 0.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘^i‘rib bi mbo¤jbqol ab rk^ ‘fo‘rkcbobk‘f^ v nrb il jrbpqob mlo m^kq^ii^ ‘lk
‘r^qol ab‘fj^ibp ab mob‘fpf“k. Rf bi o^afl fkqolar‘fal mlo bi rpr^ofl bp kbd^qfsl, bi mbo¤jbqol obpriq^kqb pboƒ 0.

7. Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ m^o^ ‘^i‘ri^o ab cloj^ ^molufj^a^ bi k«jbol b. Qb‘loa^o nrb

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 37 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Sfmlp ab a^qlp bpqor‘qro^alp: S^_i^p

Dk bpqb ‘^m¤qril sbobjlp ^idrklp ab ilp jb‘^kfpjlp nrb B lcob‘b m^o^ i^ ‘ob^‘f“k ab qfmlp ab a^qlp
‘ljmibglp. ¡pqlp pb ‘lkpqorvbk, bk rk mofk‘fmfl, ^ m^oqfo ab ilp qfmlp ab a^qlp bibjbkq^ibp mobabcfkfalp mlo bi
ibkdr^gb

Bljbkw^objlp e^_i^kal abi qfml ^_pqo^‘ql ab a^qlp q^_i^, q^kql ab rk^ xsb‘qlobp), alp xj^qof‘bp) l
j«iqfmibp afjbkpflkbp. Dk B bufpqb rk qo^q^jfbkql bpmb‘f^i m^o^ ilp sb‘qlobp ab ‘^o^‘qbobp, mlo il nrb
abaf‘^objlp rk^ m^oqb ab bpqb ‘^m¤qril ^ pr bpqrafl. Rb abg^ m^o^ bi ‘^m¤qril 8 bi bpqrafl ab lqolp qfmlp ab
a^qlp bpqor‘qro^alp, ‘ljl i^p bpqor‘qro^p, i^p rkflkbp, v ilp qfmlp ab a^qlp bkrjbo^alp.

K^p q^_i^p bk B plk pfjfi^obp ^ i^p nrb mlabjlp bk‘lkqo^o bk lqolp ibkdr^gbp ab moldo^j^‘f“k. Rfk
bj_^odl, pb abcfkbk ab cloj^ afcbobkqb v mlpbbk ^idrk^p mb‘rif^ofa^abp abofs^a^p ab i^ bpqob‘e^ obi^‘f“k ‘lk
ilp mrkqbolp.

Ub‘qlobp

Klp sb‘qlobp, q^j_f§k ii^j^alp q^_i^p rkfafjbkpflk^ibp, plk bpqor‘qro^p ab a^qlp ‘^o^‘qbofw^a^p mlo:

Tk^ ‘lib‘‘f“k ab a^qlp abi jfpjl qfml.

Qbcbobk‘f^alp jbaf^kqb rk jfpjl klj_ob.

@ij^‘bk^alp bk mlpf‘flkbp ab jbjlof^ c¤pf‘^jbkqb ‘lkqfdr^p, ab cloj^ nrb, i^ afob‘‘f“k ab jbjlof^


jƒp _^g^ ‘loobpmlkab ^ i^ abi mofjbo bibjbkql, v i^ afob‘‘f“k ab jbjlof^ jƒp ^iq^ ‘loobpmlkab ^ i^ abi «iqfjl
bibjbkql.

Di cloj^ql dbkbo^i m^o^ i^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab rk^ s^of^_ib ab qfml sb‘qlo bp bi pfdrfbkqb:

qfml]ab]a^qlp klj_ob-q^_i^ Zq^j^'l\ ;

alkab:

· qfml.ab.a^qlp fkaf‘^ bi qfml ab ilp a^qlp ^ij^‘bk^alp mlo bi sb‘qlo. Qb‘loabjlp nrb qlalp ilp
bibjbkqlp abi sb‘qlo plk clowlp^jbkqb abi jfpjl qfml. Cb_b ^m^ob‘bo kb‘bp^of^jbkqb bk i^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k,
mrbpql nrb ab bii^ abmbkab bi bpm^‘fl ab jbjlof^ nrb pb obpbos^oƒ m^o^ ^ij^‘bk^o bi sb‘qlo.

Efdro^ 7: Qbmobpbkq^‘f“k doƒcf‘^ ab rk sb‘qlo ab M bibjbkqlp

klj_ob-q^_i^ bp rk fabkqfcf‘^alo nrb rp^objlp m^o^ obcbofobjlp q^kql ^i sb‘qlo ‘ljl rk qlal, ‘ljl ^
‘^a^ rkl ab prp bibjbkqlp.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 38 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

S^j^'l bp rk^ bumobpf“k bkqbo^ ‘lkpq^kqb nrb fkaf‘^ bi k«jbol ab bibjbkqlp nrb ‘lkqbkaoƒ bi
sb‘qlo. Di bpm^‘fl l‘rm^al mlo rk sb‘qlo bk jbjlof^ pb l_qfbkb ‘ljl bi molar‘ql abi k«jbol ab bibjbkqlp
nrb il ‘ljmlkbk v bi q^j^'l ab ‘^a^ rkl ab §pqlp.

Blkpriq^

Di ^‘‘bpl ^ rk bibjbkql ab rk sb‘qlo pb ob^ifw^ jbaf^kqb bi klj_ob ab §pqb v rk ¤kaf‘b bkqob ‘lo‘ebqbp
(Z \). Di ¤kaf‘b obmobpbkq^ i^ mlpf‘f“k obi^qfs^ nrb l‘rm^ af‘el bibjbkql abkqol abi sb‘qlo v pb bpmb‘fcf‘^
jbaf^kqb rk^ bumobpf“k bkqbo^ (kloj^ijbkqb rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb l rk^ s^of^_ib). Eloj^ijbkqb:

klj_ob]sb‘qloZ¤kaf‘b\

@ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^k ^idrk^p cloj^p sƒifa^p ab ^‘‘bpl ^ ilp bibjbkqlp ab rk sb‘qlo:

fkq ‘lkq^aloZ10\;
fkq f, g, u;
......... ...
u = ‘lkq^aloZ1\;
u = ‘lkq^aloZf\;
u = ‘lkq^aloZf*2 + g \ ;
Bljl jrbpqo^ i^ cfdro^ 7, bi mofjbo bibjbkql ab rk sb‘qlo bk B pb pfq«^ bk i^ mlpf‘f“k 0, jfbkqo^p
nrb bi «iqfjl il e^‘b bk i^ mlpf‘f“k M - 1 (M fkaf‘^ bi k«jbol ab bibjbkqlp abi sb‘qlo). Olo bpq^ o^w“k, bi
¤kaf‘b m^o^ ^‘‘babo ^ ilp bibjbkqlp abi sb‘qlo ab_b mboj^kb‘bo bkqob bpqlp alp s^ilobp. Dp obpmlkp^_fifa^a abi
moldo^j^alo d^o^kqfw^o bpqb eb‘el, m^o^ kl ^‘‘babo ^ mlpf‘flkbp ab jbjlof^ crbo^ abi sb‘qlo, il ‘r^i
molar‘fo¤^ boolobp fjmobsfpf_ibp bk bi moldo^j^.

@pfdk^‘f“k

K^ ^pfdk^‘f“k ab s^ilobp ^ ilp bibjbkqlp ab rk sb‘qlo pb ob^ifw^ ab cloj^ pfjfi^o ^ ‘ljl pb ‘lkpriq^k.
Ubƒjlpil bk rk bgbjmil:

fkq ‘lkq^aloZ3\;

‘lkq^aloZ0\ =24;

‘lkq^aloZ1\ = 12;

‘lkq^aloZ2\ = 6;

Dk jr‘e^p l‘^pflkbp, ^kqbp ab rp^o rk sb‘qlo (rk^ q^_i^ bk dbkbo^i) mlo mofjbo^ sbw, bp kb‘bp^ofl a^o ^
prp bibjbkqlp rk s^ilo fkf‘f^i. K^ j^kbo^ jƒp e^_fqr^i ab fkf‘f^ifw^o rk sb‘qlo bk qfbjml ab bgb‘r‘f“k ‘lkpfpqb
bk ob‘loobo pb‘rbk‘f^ijbkqb qlalp prp bibjbkqlp v a^oibp bi s^ilo fkf‘f^i nrb ibp ‘loobpmlka^. Ubƒjlpil bk bi
pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil, alkab qlalp ilp bibjbkqlp ab rk sb‘qlo ab k«jbolp bkqbolp qlj^k bi s^ilo 0:

#abcfkb S@L 100 slfa j^fk()


x
fkq sb‘qlo ZS@L\ , f;
clo (f= 0; f< S@L; f++) sb‘qlo Zf\ = 0;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 39 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

z
M“qbpb nrb bi _r‘ib ob‘loob ilp bibjbkqlp abi sb‘qlo bjmbw^kal mlo bi bibjbkql 0 (f = 0) v e^pq^ bi
bibjbkql S@L-1 (‘lkaf‘f“k f<S@L).

Dufpqb q^j_f§k rk jb‘^kfpjl nrb mbojfqb ^pfdk^o rk s^ilo ^ qlalp ilp bibjbkqlp ab rk q^_i^ ‘lk rk^
pli^ pbkqbk‘f^. Blk‘obq^jbkqb bk i^ molmf^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab i^ q^_i^. K^ cloj^ dbkbo^i ab fkf‘f^ifw^o rk^ q^_i^ ab
‘r^inrfbo k«jbol ab afjbkpflkbp bp i^ pfdrfbkqb:

qfml]ab]a^qlp klj_ob]q^_i^ Zq^ji\ . . . Zq^jM\ = x ifpq^]s^ilobp z

K^ ifpq^ ab s^ilobp kl ab_boƒ ‘lkqbkbo krk‘^ jƒp s^ilobp ab ilp nrb mrba^k ^ij^‘bk^opb bk i^ q^_i^.
Ub^jlp ^idrklp bgbjmilp:

fkq ‘lkq^alo Z3\ = x24, 12, 6z; /* Bloob‘ql */

‘e^o sl‘^ibpZ5\ = x’^’, ’b’, ’f’, ’l’, ’r’z; /* Bloob‘ql */

fkq sZ4\ = x2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 38z; /* Hk‘loob‘ql */

Efk^ijbkqb, ‘^_b abpq^‘^o nrb kl bpqƒ mbojfqfal bk kfkd«k ‘^pl ‘ljm^o^o alp sb‘qlobp (bk dbkbo^i alp
q^_i^p ab ‘r^inrfbo k«jbol ab afjbkpflkbp) rqfifw^kal ilp lmbo^alobp obi^‘f“k^ibp. S^jml‘l bpqƒ mbojfqfa^ i^
‘lmf^ ab qla^ rk^ q^_i^ bk lqo^ ‘lk rk^ pfjmib ^pfdk^‘f“k. Rf pb abpb^ ‘ljm^o^o l ‘lmf^o qla^ i^ fkcloj^‘f“k
^ij^‘bk^a^ bk alp q^_i^p, ab_boƒ e^‘bopb bibjbkql ^ bibjbkql.

Klp jb‘^kfpjlp ab ^‘‘bpl abp‘ofqlp bk bpq^ pb‘‘f“k plk fa§kqf‘lp m^o^ i^p j^qof‘bp v i^p q^_i^p jri-
qfafjbkpflk^ibp. K^ «kf‘^ afcbobk‘f^ bp nrb pboƒ kb‘bp^ofl bpmb‘fcf‘^o q^kqlp ¤kaf‘bp ‘ljl afjbkpflkbp mlpb^ i^
q^_i^ ^ i^ nrb pb abpb^ ^‘‘babo. Dpql il sbobjlp bk i^p pfdrfbkqbp pb‘‘flkbp.

Dgbjmilp

@ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^ rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘rbkq^ bi k«jbol ab ^m^of‘flkbp ab ilp k«jbolp 0, 1, 2 v


3 bk rk^ pb‘rbk‘f^ ab bkqbolp ^‘^_^a^ bk -1.

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk ()
x
fkq krj, ‘0=0, ‘i=0, ‘2=0, ‘3=0;
p‘^kc("%a", &krj); tefib (krj != -1)
x
fc (krj == 0)
‘0++;
fc (krj == 1) ‘1++;
fc (krj == 2) ‘2++;
fc (krj == 3) ‘3++;
p‘^kc( "%a", &krj );
z
mofkqc( "Blkq^alobp:%a, %a, %a, %a[k", ‘N, bi, ‘2, ‘3 );

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 40 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

z
}Pr§ l‘roofo¤^ pf qrsf§pbjlp nrb ‘lkq^o i^p ^m^of‘flkbp ab ilp ‘fbk mofjbolp k«jbolp bkqbolp?
}Cb_bo¤^jlp ab‘i^o^o ‘fbk ‘lkq^alobp v bp‘of_fo ‘fbk ‘lkpqor‘‘flkbp fc m^o^ ‘^a^ ‘^pl? K^ obpmrbpq^, ‘ljl bo^
ab bpmbo^o, pb e^ii^ bk bi rpl ab sb‘qlobp. Ubƒjlpil bk bi pfdrfbkqb moldo^j^:

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
#abcfkb L@W 100
slfa j^fk ()
x
fkq f, krj, ‘lkq ZL@W\ ;
clo (f= 0; f< L@W; f++)
‘lkq Zf\ = 0;
p‘^kc("%a", &krj);
tefib (krj != -1)
x
fc ((krj >= 0) && (krj< = L@W))
‘lkq Zkrj\++;
p‘^kc( "%a", &krj );
z
clo (f= 0; f< L@W; f++)
mofkqc( "Blkq^alo Z%a\ = %a[k", f, ‘lkq Zf\ );
z
Ub^jlp cfk^ijbkqb lqol bgbjmil bk bi nrb pb jrbpqo^ ‘“jl kloj^ifw^o rk sb‘qlo ab k«jbolp ob^ibp.
K^ kloj^ifw^‘f“k ‘lkpfpqb bk afsfafo qlalp ilp bibjbkqlp abi sb‘qlo mlo i^ o^¤w ‘r^ao^a^ ab i^ prj^ ab prp
‘r^ao^alp. Cbpq^‘^ bi rpl ab i^ ‘lkpq^kqb L@W m^o^ abcfkfo bi k«jbol ab bibjbkqlp abi sb‘qlo v ab i^ crk‘f“k
pnoq m^o^ bi ‘ƒi‘ril ab o^¤‘bp ‘r^ao^a^p.

#fk‘irab< j^qe.e>
#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
#abcfkb L@W 10
slfa j^fk()
x
cil^q sb‘qloZL@W\,
jlaril; fkq f;
/* Kb‘qro^ abi sb‘qlo. */ clo (f= 0; f< L@W; f++)
p‘^kc("%c", &sb‘qloZf\);
/* B^i‘ri^o j“aril. */
jlaril = 0.0;
clo (f= 0; f< L@W; f++)
jlaril = jlaril + (sb‘qloZf\ * sb‘qlo Zf\);
jlaril = pnoq(jlaril);
/* Mloj^ifw^o */ clo (f= 0; f< L@W; f++) sb‘qlo Zf\ /= jlaril;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 41 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

/* Dp‘ofqro^ abi sb‘qlo. */ clo (f= 0; f <L@W; f++ )


mofkqc¤ "%c ", sb‘qloZf\ );
z
L^qof‘bp

K^p j^qof‘bp, q^j_f§k ii^j^a^p q^_i^p _fafjbkpflk^ibp, kl plk lqo^ ‘lp^ nrb sb‘qlobp ‘lk alp afjbk-
pflkbp. Olo il nrb ilp ‘lk‘bmqlp ab ^‘‘bpl, fkf‘f^ifw^‘f“k, bq‘. plk pfjfi^obp.

K^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab rk^ s^of^_ib j^qofw qfbkb i^ cloj^ pfdrfbkqb:

qfml]ab]a^qlp klj_ob-q^_i^ Zq^j^'l]afji\ Zq^j^'l]afj2\ ;

Clkab q^j^'l.afji v q^j^'l]afj2 fkaf‘^k, obpmb‘qfs^jbkqb, bi k«jbol ab cfi^p v ab ‘lirjk^p nrb


‘ljmlkbk i^ j^qofw. K^ cfdro^ 7._ jrbpqo^ i^ obmobpbkq^‘f“k doƒcf‘^ e^_fqr^i ab rk^ j^qofw ab a^qlp.

Nqol eb‘el fjmloq^kqb bp nrb i^p j^qof‘bp bk B pb ^ij^‘bk^k "mlo cfi^p". Dp ab‘fo, nrb ilp bibjbkqlp
ab ‘^a^ cfi^ pb pfq«^k bk jbjlof^ ab cloj^ ‘lkqfdr^. @p¤ mrbp, bk i^ j^qofw ab i^ cfdro^ ^kqboflo, bi mofjbo
bibjbkql ^ij^‘bk^al bk jbjlof^ bp bi (0 , 0), bi pbdrkal bi (0 ,1), bi qbo‘bol bi (0,2),..., (0 , L-1), abpmr§p
(1, 0), v ^p¤ pr‘bpfs^jbkqb e^pq^ bi «iqfjl bibjbkql, bp ab‘fo (M-1, L-1).

Efdro^ 7_ Qbmobpbkq^‘f“k doƒcf‘^ ab rk^ j^qofw ab M cfi^p v L ‘lirjk^p

Blkpriq^

Di ^‘‘bpl ^ rk bibjbkql ab rk^ j^qofw pb ob^ifw^ jbaf^kqb bi klj_ob ab §pq^ v alp ¤kaf‘bp (rkl m^o^
‘^a^ afjbkpf“k) bkqob ‘lo‘ebqbp. Di mofjbo ¤kaf‘b obmobpbkq^ i^ cfi^ v bi pbdrkal i^ ‘lirjk^ bk nrb pb
bk‘rbkqo^ af‘el bibjbkql. S^i ‘ljl jrbpqo^ i^ cfdro^ 7.2, bi ¤kaf‘b ab i^p cfi^p qlj^oƒ s^ilobp bkqob 0 v bi
k«jbol ab cfi^p jbklp 1, jfbkqo^p nrb bi ¤kaf‘b ab i^p ‘lirjk^p qlj^oƒ s^ilobp bkqob 0 v bi k«jbol ab
‘lirjk^p jbklp 1. Dp obpmlkp^_fifa^a abi moldo^j^alo d^o^kqfw^o bpqb eb‘el.

klj_ob-j^qofw Z¤kaf‘b]i\ Z¤kaf‘b]2\ ;

@pfdk^‘f“k

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 42 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Bljbkq^objlp «kf‘^jbkqb i^ fkf‘f^ifw^‘f“k ab rk^ j^qofw bk i^ molmf^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k. Di pfdrfbkqb bgbj-


mil ab‘i^o^ rk^ j^qofw ab qobp cfi^p v ‘r^qol ‘lirjk^p v i^ fkf‘f^ifw^. Olo ‘i^ofa^a, pb e^ rp^al fabkq^‘f“k bk ilp
a^qlp, ^rknrb er_fbpbk mlafal bp‘of_fopb qlalp bk rk^ pli^ i¤kb^.

fkq j^qZ3\ Z4\ = x 24, 12, 6, 17,

15, 28, 78, 32,

0, 44, 3200 , -34

z;

K^ fkf‘f^ifw^‘f“k ab j^qof‘bp, v bk dbkbo^i ab q^_i^p jriqfafjbkpflk^ibp, mrbab bumobp^opb ab cloj^


jƒp ‘i^o^ ^dorm^kal ilp s^ilobp jbaf^kqb ii^sbp (x z), pfdrfbkal i^ bpqor‘qro^ ab i^ j^qofw. @p¤ mrbp, bi bgbjmil
^kqboflo q^j_f§k mlao¤^ bp‘of_fopb ‘ljl:

Hkq j^q Z 3\ Z4\ x x 24, 12, 6, 17 z,

x 15, 28, 78, 32 z,

x 0, 44, 3200 , -34 zz;

Dgbjmil

Di pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil ‘^i‘ri^ i^ j^qofw qo^pmrbpq^ ab rk^ j^qofw ab bkqbolp. K^ j^qofw qbkaoƒ rk^p
afjbkpflkbp jƒufj^p pbd«k i^ ‘lkpq^kqb L@W.

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
#abcfkb L@W 2 0
slfa j^fk()
x
fkq cfi^p, ‘lirjk^p, f, g;
fkq j^qofwZL@W\ZL@W\,
j^qofwSZL@W\ZL@W\;
/* Kb‘qro^ j^qofw */
mofkqc( "Mrj. cfi^p, Mrj. ‘lirjk^p: " );
p‘^kc( "%a%a", c‘cfi^p, }‘lirjk^p );
mofkqc ("Hkqolar‘fo j^qofw mlo cfi^p:" );
clo (f= 0; f< cfi^p; f++)
clo (g= 0; g< ‘lirjk^p; g++)
x
mofkqc( "[kj^qofwZ%a\Z%a\ = ", f, g );
p‘^kc( "%a", c‘j^qofw Zf\ Zg \ ); z
/* So^kpmrbpq^ */
clo (f= 0; f< cfi^p; f++)
clo (g= 0; g< ‘lirjk^p; g++)

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 43 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

j^qofwS Z g \ Z f \ = j^qofw Z f \ Z g \ ;
/* Dp‘ofqro^ abi obpriq^al */ clo (f= 0; f< cfi^p; f++)
clo (g= 0; g< ‘lirjk^p; g++)
mofkqc( "[kj^qofwSZ%a\ Z%a\ = %a ", f, g, j^qofwS Z g \ Z f \ = j^qofw Z f \ Z g \;
);
z
N_p§osbpb nrb m^o^ ob‘loobo qlalp ilp bibjbkqlp ab rk^ j^qofw bp kb‘bp^ofl bi bjmibl ab alp _r‘ibp
^kfa^alp nrb ‘lkqolibk ilp ¤kaf‘bp ab cfi^p v ‘lirjk^p (pfbjmob bkqob 0 v bi k«jbol ab cfi^p l ‘lirjk^p
jbklp 1). Dk bpqb bgbjmil qlalp ilp ob‘loofalp pb ob^ifw^k "mlo cfi^p", bp ab‘fo, nrb mofjbol pb sfpfq^k qlalp ilp
bibjbkqlp ab rk^ cfi^, irbdl ilp ab i^ pfdrfbkqb, bq‘. Efk^ijbkqb, ‘^_b ‘ljbkq^o nrb m^o^ bi ob‘loofal ab q^_i^p
jriqfafjbkpflk^ibp pboƒ kb‘bp^ofl bi bjmibl ab q^kqlp _r‘ibp ‘ljl afjbkpflkbp qbkd^ i^ q^_i^.

S^_i^p jriqfafjbkpflk^ibp

Dpqb qfml ab q^_i^p pb ‘^o^‘qbofw^ mlo qbkbo qobp l jƒp afjbkpflkbp. @i fdr^i nrb sb‘qlobp v j^qof‘bp,
qlalp ilp bibjbkqlp ^ij^‘bk^alp bk bii^p plk abi jfpjl qfml ab a^qlp.

K^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab rk^ q^_i^ jriqfafjbkpflk^i qfbkb i^ cloj^ pfdrfbkqb:

Efdro^ 7‘: Qbmobpbkq^‘f“k doƒcf‘^ ab rk^ q^_i^ ab qobp afjbkpflkbp: M u L u 3

qfml]ab]a^qlp klj_ob-q^_i^ Zq^j^'l]afji\ . . . Zq^j^'l]afjM\ ;

O^o^ ^‘‘babo ^ rk bibjbkql bk m^oqf‘ri^o pboƒ kb‘bp^ofl rp^o q^kqlp ¤kaf‘bp ‘ljl afjbkpflkbp:

klj_ob-sb‘qloZ¤kaf‘b]i\ .. . Z¤kaf‘b]M\ ;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 44 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

@rknrb mrbabk abcfkfopb q^_i^p ab jƒp ab qobp afjbkpflkbp, kl bp jrv e^_fqr^i e^‘boil. K^ cfdro^ 7.3
jrbpqo^ ‘ljl bgbjmil i^ obmobpbkq^‘f“k doƒcf‘^ e^_fqr^i ab rk^ q^_i^ ab qobp afjbkpflkbp.

Dgbjmil

Di pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil jrbpqo^ bi bjmibl ab rk^ q^_i^ jriqfafjbkpflk^i. Blk‘obq^jbkqb, bi moldo^j^


rqfifw^ rk^ q^_i^ ab 3 afjbkpflkbp m^o^ ^ij^‘bk^o 1000 k«jbolp ^ib^qloflp. O^o^ dbkbo^o k«jbolp ^ib^qloflp
pb rp^ i^ crk‘f“k o^ka ab i^ if_obo¤^ bpqƒka^o pqaif_ . e. S^j_f§k pb e^ rp^al i^ crk‘f“k dbq‘e^o (pqafl. e), nrb
fkqboorjmb bi moldo^j^ v bpmbo^ ^ nrb bi rpr^ofl mobpflkb rk^ qb‘i^.

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>

#fk‘irab< pqaif_.e>

#abcfkb CHL 10

slfa j^fk()

fkq q^_i^]o^kalj ZCHL\ ZCHL\ ZCHL\ , ^, _, ‘;

clo (^= 0; ^< CHL; ^++)

clo (_= 0; _< CHL; _++)

clo (‘= 0; B< CHL; B++)

q^_i^]o^kaljZ^\ Z_\ Z‘\= o^ka();

/* Lrbpqo^ pbofbp ab CHL bk CHL bibjbkqlp. */

clo (^= 0; ^< CHL; ^++)

x clo (_= 0; _< CHL; _++)

xclo (‘= 0; B< CHL; B++)

xmofkqc( "[k q^_i^ Z%a\ Z%a\ Z%a\ = ", ^, _, ‘ );

mofkqc( "%a", q^_i^]o^kaljZ^\ Z_\ Z‘\ );

z mofkqc( "[kOripb DMSDQ m^o^ pbdrfo" ); dbq‘e^oN ;

zz

B^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp

K^p ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp plk sb‘qlobp ab qfml ‘^oƒ‘qbo (‘e^o) nrb ob‘f_bk rk qo^q^jfbkql bpmb‘f^i m^o^
pfjri^o bi qfml ab a^qlp "pqofkd", mobpbkqb bk lqolp ibkdr^gbp ab moldo^j^‘f“k.

O^o^ nrb rk sb‘qlo ab ‘^o^‘qbobp mrba^ pbo ‘lkpfabo^al ‘ljl rk^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp, bi «iqfjl ab ilp
bibjbkqlp «qfibp abi sb‘qlo ab_b pbo bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril (‘“afdl @RBHH 0). Rbd«k bpql, pf pb nrfbob ab‘i^o^o rk^
‘^abk^ cloj^a^ mlo M ‘^o^‘qbobp, ab_boƒ ab‘i^o^opb rk sb‘qlo ‘lk M + 1 bibjbkqlp ab qfml ‘^oƒ‘qbo. Olo
bgbjmil, i^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k ‘e^o ‘^abk^ Z6\ ; obpbos^ prcf‘fbkqb bpm^‘fl bk jbjlof^ m^o^ ^ij^‘bk^o rk^ ‘^abk^ ab

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 45 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

5 ‘^o^‘qbobp, ‘ljl i^ m^i^_o^ "‘^p‘l":

Dk B mrbabk abcfkfopb ‘lkpq^kqbp ‘loobpmlkafbkqbp ^ ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp. Rb rp^k ‘ljfii^p al_ibp


m^o^ abifjfq^o bi mofk‘fmfl v bi cfk^i ab i^ ‘^abk^, ^ afcbobk‘f^ ab i^p ‘ljfii^p pfjmibp bjmib^a^p ‘lk i^p
‘lkpq^kqbp ab qfml ‘^oƒ‘qbo. Olo bgbjmil, i^ ‘^abk^ ‘lkpq^kqb "G" qfbkb jrv ml‘l nrb sbo ‘lk bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo
‘lkpq^kqb ’ G’, pf l_pbos^jlp i^ obmobpbkq^‘f“k fkqbok^ ab ^j_lp:

@pfdk^‘f“k

Lfbkqo^p nrb i^ ‘lkpriq^ ab bibjbkqlp ab rk^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp pb ob^ifw^ ab i^ jfpj^ cloj^ nrb
‘lk ilp sb‘qlobp, i^p ^pfdk^‘flkbp qfbkbk ‘fboq^p mb‘rif^ofa^abp.

Bljl bk qla^ q^_i^, mrbab ^pfdk^opb ‘^a^ ‘^oƒ‘qbo ab i^ ‘^abk^ fkafsfar^ijbkqb. Ml ab_boƒ lisfa^opb
bk kfkd«k ‘^pl nrb bi «iqfjl ‘^oƒ‘qbo sƒifal ab i^ jfpj^ ab_b pbo bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril (’ [0’ )· Di pfdrfbkqb
bgbjmil fkf‘f^ifw^ i^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp ‘^abk^ ‘lk i^ m^i^_o^ "‘^p‘l". M“qbpb nrb i^p qobp «iqfj^p mlpf‘flkbp
abi sb‘qlo kl pb e^k rp^al. Dp jƒp, ^rknrb pb ibp er_fbpb ^pfdk^al ^id«k ‘^oƒ‘qbo, pr ‘lkqbkfal pbo¤^
fdklo^al. Dpql bp, bi ‘lkqbkfal abi sb‘qlo bk i^p mlpf‘flkbp mlpqboflobp ^i ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril bp fdklo^al.

‘e^o ‘^abk^Z10\;

‘^abk^ Z0\ = ’B ;

‘^abk^Z1\ = ’^’ ;

‘^abk^Z2\ = ’p’ ;

‘^abk^ Z3\ = ’B ;

‘^abk^Z4\ = ’l’ ;

‘^abk^Z5\ = ’[0’ ;

K^ fkf‘f^ifw^‘f“k ab rk^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp aro^kqb i^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k mrbab e^‘bopb abi jfpjl jlal
nrb bk ilp sb‘qlobp, ^rknrb kl ab_b lisfa^opb fk‘irfo bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril ^i cfk^i ab i^ ‘^abk^. Rfk bj_^odl, bufpqb
rk j§qlal ab fkf‘f^ifw^‘f“k molmfl ab i^p ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp, ‘rvl cloj^ql dbkbo^i bp:

‘e^o klj_ob Zq^j^'l\ = "‘^abk^";

Tp^kal bpqb qfml ab fkf‘f^ifw^‘f“k, bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril bp ^'^afal ^rqljƒqf‘^jbkqb ^i cfk^i ab i^ ‘^abk^.
@p¤ mrbp, rk^ fkf‘f^ifw^‘f“k q¤mf‘^ ab sb‘qlobp ‘ljl i^ pfdrfbkqb:

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 46 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

‘e^o klj_ob Z10\ = x ’M’, ’T’, ’Q’, ’H’, ’@’, ’[0’ z;

mrbab e^‘bopb q^j_f§k ab cloj^ bnrfs^ibkqb ‘ljl:

‘e^o klj_obZ10\ = "MTQH@";

Efk^ijbkqb, i^ fkf‘f^ifw^‘f“k ^kqboflo mrbab e^‘bopb pfk kb‘bpfa^a ab bpmb‘fcf‘^o bi q^j^'l abi sb‘qlo
‘loobpmlkafbkqb. Dk bpqb ‘^pl, bi ‘ljmfi^alo pb bk‘^od^ ab ‘^i‘ri^oil ^rqljƒqf‘^jbkqb, obpbos^kal bpm^‘fl ab
jbjlof^ prcf‘fbkqb m^o^ ^ij^‘bk^o i^ ‘^abk^, fk‘irvbkal bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril ^i cfk^i. @p¤ mrbp, i^ pfdrfbkqb
ab‘i^o^‘f“k obpbos^ jbjlof^ m^o^ ^ij^‘bk^o 6 ‘^o^‘qbobp v ilp fkf‘f^ifw^ ^ab‘r^a^jbkqb ‘lk i^p ibqo^p ab i^
m^i^_o^ MTQH@:

‘e^o klj_obZ\ = "MTQH@";

K^ ‘^abk^ s^‘¤^

Nqo^ ‘roflpfa^a ab i^p ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp pb obcfbob ^ i^ ‘^abk^ s^‘¤^, " " , nrb ‘lkpq^ «kf‘^jbkqb abi
‘^oƒ‘qbo kril. Orbpql nrb ilp ‘^o^‘qbobp mlpqboflobp ^i ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril plk fdklo^alp, ‘lksboqfo rk^ ‘^abk^ ‘lk
‘r^inrfbo s^ilo ^ij^‘bk^al ^ i^ ‘^abk^ s^‘¤^ bp q^k pfjmib ‘ljl ^pfdk^o bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril ^ i^ mlpf‘f“k 0 ab
af‘e^ ‘^abk^. Gb ^nr¤ rk bgbjmil:

‘e^o ‘^abk^ Z12\ = "Tk^ co^pb";

‘^abk^Z0\ = ’[0’; /* @elo^ bp rk^ ‘^abk^ s^‘¤^ */

L^kbgl ab ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp

@rknrb B kl fk‘lomlo^ bk pr abcfkf‘f“k lmbo^alobp m^o^ bi j^kbgl ab ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp, qlal


‘ljmfi^alo ab B molmlo‘flk^ rk^ if_obo¤^ bpqƒka^o (pqofkd. e) ‘lk crk‘flkbp m^o^ c^‘fifq^o pr rqfifw^‘f“k.
Cbpq^‘^o ^idrk^p ab bii^p:

- pqoibk m^o^ l_qbkbo i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ ‘^abk^, pfk ‘lkq^o bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril,

- pqo‘mv m^o^ ‘lmf^o rk^ ‘^abk^ bk lqo^,

- pqo‘^q m^o^ ‘lk‘^qbk^o alp ‘^abk^p,

- pqo‘jm m^o^ ‘ljm^o^o alp ‘^abk^p, bq‘.

O^o^ jƒp fkcloj^‘f“k pl_ob bpq^p v lqo^p crk‘flkbp, ‘lkpriq^o bi ^m§kaf‘b A.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 47 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

Dkqo^a^ v p^ifa^

Dk ‘r^kql ^ i^ bkqo^a^ v p^ifa^ ab ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp, bufpqb rk cloj^ql bpmb‘f^i %p nrb mrbab
rqfifw^opb bk i^p crk‘flkbp p‘^kc v mofkqc. Olo bgbjmil, i^ pfdrfbkqb pbkqbk‘f^ ibboƒ rk^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp bk
i^ s^of^_ib ‘^a. R“il pb ^pfdk^oƒk ‘^o^‘qbobp jfbkqo^p kl pb^k ‘^o^‘qbobp _i^k‘lp, q^_ri^alo^p l p^iqlp ab i¤kb^.
Olo il q^kql, bi bjmibl ab %p p“il qbkaoƒ pbkqfal m^o^ i^ ib‘qro^ ab m^i^_o^p. @abjƒp abi cloj^ql %p bufpqbk
ilp cloj^qlp % S^_‘\ v % Z^_b\, nrb mbojfqbk ibbo obpmb‘qfs^jbkqb rk^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp e^pq^ bk‘lkqo^o
^id«k ‘^oƒ‘qbo abi ‘lkgrkql x^, _, ‘z, l _fbk e^pq^ kl bk‘lkqo^o rk ‘^oƒ‘qbo abi ‘lkgrkql x^, _, ‘z. Dk ‘r^inrfbo
‘^pl bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo abi ‘lkgrkql x^, _, ‘z kl bp ib¤al. Ubo bi ^m§kaf‘b A m^o^ jƒp fkcloj^‘f“k pl_ob bi bjmibl ab
p‘^kc v i^ ib‘qro^ ab ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp.

‘e^o ‘^aZ2 0\;

p‘^kc("%p", ‘^a);

M“qbpb nrb, bk bi bgbjmil, kl pb e^ ^kqbmrbpql bi p¤j_lil & ^ i^ s^of^_ib ‘^a. Olo bi jljbkql,
qbkdƒjlpil bk jbkqb v bpmbobjlp e^pq^ bi mo“ufjl ‘ropl m^o^ ‘ljmobkabo ^ nr§ pb ab_b bpqb eb‘el.

K^ if_obo¤^ bpqƒka^o ab bkqo^a^ v p^ifa^ (pqafl. e) molmlo‘flk^ ^abjƒp i^p crk‘flkbp dbqp v mrqp, nrb
mbojfqbk ibbo ab qb‘i^al v jlpqo^o mlo m^kq^ii^ rk^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp ‘ljmibq^, obpmb‘qfs^jbkqb

Dgbjmilp

O^o^ cfk^ifw^o, sb^jlp rk m^o ab bgbjmilp ab j^kbgl ab ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp.

Di pfdrfbkqb moldo^j^ ‘rbkq^ bi k«jbol ab sb‘bp nrb pb obmfqb rk^ m^i^_o^ bk rk^ co^pb. Di moldo^j^
bjmib^ i^ crk‘f“k ab ‘ljm^o^‘f“k ab ‘^abk^p pqo‘jm. Cf‘e^ crk‘f“k absrbisb 0 bk ‘^pl ab nrb i^p ‘^abk^p
‘ljm^o^a^p pb^k fdr^ibp.

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab< pqofkd.e>
#abcfkb L@WKHM 100
slfa j^fk()
x ‘e^o m^iZL@WKHM\; /* K^ nrb _rp‘^jlp. */
‘e^o m^ico^pbZL@WKHM\; /* Tk^ m^i^_o^ ab i^ co^pb. */
‘e^o ‘;
fkq qlq^i = 0;
mofkqc( "[kO@K@AQ@:" );
p‘^kc( "%p", m^i );
mofkqc( "[kEQ@RD:" );
‘ = ’ tefib (‘ != ’[k’)
x p‘^kc( "%p%‘", m^ico^pb, &‘ );
fc (pqo‘jm(m^i, m^ico^pb) == 0) qlq^i++; z
mofkqc( "[kK^ m^i^_o^ %p ^m^ob‘b %a sb‘bp.", m^i, qlq^i ); z
@ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k pb jrbpqo^ lqol bgbjmil nrb e^‘b rpl ab i^p ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp. Di moldo^j^ ibb alp
‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp, i^p ‘lk‘^qbk^, ‘lksfboqb i^p ibqo^p jfk«p‘ri^p bk j^v«p‘ri^p v sf‘bsbop^, v cfk^ijbkqb

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 48 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

bp‘of_b i^ ‘^abk^ obpriq^kqb.

#fk‘irab< pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab< pqofkd.e>
slfa j^fk()
x ‘e^o ‘^ai Z80\ , ‘^a2 Z80\ , ‘^a3Z160\ ; fkq f, abiq^;
mofkqc( "Hkqolarw‘^ i^ mofjbo^ ‘^abk^:[k" );
dbqp(‘^ai);
mofkqc( "Hkqolarw‘^ i^ pbdrka^ ‘^abk^:[k" );
dbqp ( ‘^a2 ); /* ‘^a3 = ‘^ai + ‘^a2 */
pqo‘mv¤ (‘^a3, ‘^ai );z
pqo‘^q( ‘^a3, ‘^a2 ); f = 0;
abiq^ = ’^’ - ’@’ ; tefib (‘^a3Zf\ != ’[0’)
x fc ((‘^a3Zf\ >= ’^’) && (‘^a3Zf\< = ’w’))
‘^a3 Zf\ -= abiq^; /* Blksfboqb ^ j^v«p‘ri^ */
bipb fc ((‘^a3Zf\ >= ’@’) && (‘^a3 Zf\< = ’Y’))
‘^a3Zf\ += abiq^; /* Blksfboqb ^ jfk«p‘ri^ */
f + + ;z
mofkqc( "K^ ‘^abk^ obpriq^kqb bp: %p [k", ‘^a3 );z
Dgbo‘f‘flp
1.}C“kab bpqƒ bi boolo bk bi pfdrfbkqb moldo^j^?
slfa j^fk()
x
fkq sb‘qlo Z10\ ; fkq u = 1;
clo (u= 1; u<= 10; u++) sb‘qlo Zu\ =23;
z
Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ib^ abi qb‘i^al rk sb‘qlo ab 10 k«jbolp bkqbolp, il fksfboq^ v cfk^ijbkqb il
jrbpqob ab krbsl.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘rbkqb bi k«jbol ab m^i^_o^p ab jƒp ab ‘r^qol ‘^o^‘qbobp bk rk^ co^pb. ¡pq^
pb ^ij^‘bk^ bk cloj^ ab sb‘qlo ‘rvl «iqfjl bibjbkql bp bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ib^ abi qb‘i^al alp k«jbolp bkqbolp ab e^pq^ 20 a¤dfqlp v ilp prjb. Tp^o
sb‘qlobp m^o^ ^ij^‘bk^o ilp a¤dfqlp ab ‘^a^ k«jbol.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ab‘fa^ pf rk^ m^i^_o^ bp m^i¤kaolj^ l kl. K^ m^i^_o^ pb ^ij^‘bk^ bk rk
sb‘qlo ab ‘^o^‘qbobp ^‘^_^al bk ’ . ’.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ m^o^ ‘^i‘ri^o i^ jla^ ab rk ‘lkgrkql ab k«jbolp bkqbolp. K^ jla^ bp bi s^ilo
nrb pb obmfqb jƒp sb‘bp.

}C“kab bpqƒ bi boolo bk bi pfdrfbkqb moldo^j^?

slfa j^fk()
x

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 49 Computación I


Computación I UNEXPO 2008 - II

fkq j^qofw Z10\ Z3\, u, v;


clo (u= 0; u< 3; u++)
clo (v= 0; v< 10; v++) j^qofwZu\ Zv\ = 0;
z
Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb fkf‘f^if‘b ‘^a^ bibjbkql ab rk^ j^qofw ab bkqbolp ‘lk bi s^ilo ab i^ prj^ abi
k«jbol ab cfi^ v ‘lirjk^ bk nrb bpqƒ pfqr^al.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘^i‘rib i^ prj^ ab alp j^qof‘bp ab bkqbolp.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ‘^i‘rib ilp mrkqlp ab pfii^ ab rk^ j^qofw ab bkqbolp. Tk bibjbkql ab rk^
j^qofw bp rk mrkql ab pfii^ pf bp bi j¤kfjl ab pr cfi^ v bi jƒufjl ab pr ‘lirjk^.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb abqbojfkb pf rk^ j^qofw bp pfj§qof‘^.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb jriqfmifnrb alp j^qof‘bp.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ib^ rk^ co^pb abi qb‘i^al v ‘rbkqb ilp bpm^‘flp bk _i^k‘l.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb, a^a^ rk^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp v rk bkqbol ‘loobpmlkafbkqb ^ rk^ mlpf‘f“k
sƒifa^ abkqol ab bii^, dbkbob rk^ krbs^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp nrb ‘lkqbkd^ qlalp ilp ‘^o^‘qbobp ^ i^ fwnrfboa^ ab
af‘e^ mlpf‘f“k, mbol bk loabk fksbopl.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb, a^a^ rk^ ‘^abk^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp, i^ ifjmfb ab ‘^o^‘qbobp _i^k‘lp. Olo bgbjmil,
i^ ‘^abk^ "Dpql bp rk^ co^pb" ab_boƒ qo^kpcloj^opb bk "Dpqlbprk^co^pb". Dp‘of_fo alp sbopflkbp, rk^ rqfifw^kal
rk^ ‘^abk^ ^rufif^o v lqo^ sbopf“k nrb ob^if‘b ilp ‘^j_flp pl_ob i^ jfpj^ ‘^abk^.

Dp‘of_fo rk moldo^j^ nrb ib^ alp ‘^abk^p ab ‘^o^‘qbobp, i^p ‘ljm^ob b fkclojb ab pf plk fdr^ibp l
afcbobkqbp. Ml rp^o i^ crk‘f“k ab i^ if_obo¤^ bpqƒka^o pqo‘jm.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 50 Computación I


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

@QQ@XR X B@CDM@R

Tk ^oo^v bp rk^ ‘lib‘‘f“k ab s^of^_ibp abi jfpjl qfml nrb pb obcbobk‘f^k mlo rk klj_ob bk ‘lj«k. @
rk bibjbkql bpmb‘¤cf‘l ab rk ^oo^v pb ^‘‘bab jbaf^kqb rk ¤kaf‘b. Slalp ilp ^oo^v ‘lkpq^k ab mlpf‘flkbp ab
jbjlof^ ‘lkqfdr^p. K^ afob‘‘f“k jƒp _^g^ ‘loobpmlkab ^i mofjbo bibjbkql. Klp ^oo^vp mrbabk qbkbo ab rk^ ^
s^of^p afjbkpflkbp.

TMHCHLDMRHNM@KDR

Di ^oo^v jƒp ‘lj«k bk B bp i^ ‘^abk^ (^oo^v ab ‘^o^‘qbobp qbojfk^al mlo rk kril). Slalp ilp ^oo^v
qfbkbk bi 0 ‘ljl mofjbo bibjbkql. G^v nrb qbkbo jrv mobpbkqb bi kl ob_^p^o bi «iqfjl ¤kaf‘b. K^ ‘^kqfa^a ab
jbjlof^ obnrbofa^ m^o^ dr^oa^o rk ^oo^v bpqƒ afob‘q^jbkqb obi^‘flk^a^ ‘lk pr qfml v pr q^j^'l.

5,06$9,5:

qfml klj_ob]^oo^v Zk| bibjbkqlp\;

qfml klj_ob]^oo^v Zk| bibjbkqlp\=xs^ilo1,s^ilo2,s^iloMz;

qfml klj_ob]^oo^vZ\=xs^ilo1,s^ilo2,s^iloMz;

,0,&,$.,;$&,S0 ’( 70 (.(/(061#

klj_ob]^oo^vZfkaf‘b\=s^ilo;

76,.,;$&,S0 ’( (.(/(0615#

klj_ob]^oo^vZfkaf‘b\;

(-(/2.1# Qbpbos^ 100 bibjbkqlp bkqbolp, ilp fkf‘f^ifw^ qlalp v jrbpqo^ bi 5| bibjbkql.

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq uZ100\;
fkq ‘lkq;

‘iop‘o();
clo(‘lkq=0;‘lkq<100;‘lkq++)
uZ‘lkq\=‘lkq;

mofkqc(†%a‡,uZ4\);
dbq‘e();
z

Di rpl jƒp ‘lj«k ab ilp ^oo^vp rkfafjbkpflk^ibp bp ‘lk jr‘el i^p ‘^abk^p, ‘lkgrkql ab ‘^o^‘qbobp
qbojfk^alp mlo bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril (fl[0–). Olo q^kql ‘r^kal pb nrfbo^ ab‘i^o^o rk^ ^oo^vp ab ‘^o^‘qbobp pb mlkaoƒ
pfbjmob rk^ mlpf‘f“k jƒp. Ml bp kb‘bp^ofl ^'^afo bumi¤‘fq^jbkqb bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril bi ‘ljmfi^alo il e^‘b
^rqljƒqf‘^jbkqb.

5,06$9,5:

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 51 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

‘e^o klj_obZq^j^'l\;

‘e^o klj_obZq^j^'l\=‡‘^abk^†;

‘e^o klj_obZ\=‡‘^abk^‡;
AHCHLDMRHNM@KDR:

B ^ajfqb ^oo^vp jriqfafjbkpflk^ibp, i^ cloj^ jƒp pbk‘fii^ plk ilp ^oo^vp _fafjbkpflk^ibp. Tk ^oo^v
_fafjbkpflk^i bp bpbk‘f^ijbkqb rk ^oo^v ab ^oo^vp rkfafjbkpflk^ibp. Klp ^oo^v _fafjbkpflk^ibp pb ^ij^‘bk^k
bk j^qof‘bp cfi^-‘lirjk^, bk i^p nrb bi mofjbo ¤kaf‘b fkaf‘^ i^ cfi^ v bi pbdrkal fkaf‘^ i^ ‘lirjk^. Dpql
pfdkfcf‘^ nrb bi ¤kaf‘b jƒp ^ i^ abob‘e^ ‘^j_f^ jƒp oƒmfal nrb bi ab jƒp ^ i^ fwnrfboa^ ‘r^kal ^‘‘babjlp ^
ilp bibjbkqlp.

5,06$9,5:

qfml klj_ob]^oo^vZcfi^\Z‘lirjk^\;

qfml klj_]^oo^vZcfi\Z‘li\=xxs1,s2,sMz,xs1,s2,sMz,xsMzz;

qfml klj_]^oo^vZ\Z\=xxs1,s2,sMz,xs1,s2,sMz,xsMzz;

,0,&,$.,;$&,S0 ’( 70 (.(/(061#

klj_ob]^oo^vZfkaf‘b]cfi^\Zfkaf‘b]‘lirjk^\=s^ilo;

76,.,;$&,S0 ’( 70 (.(/(061#

klj_ob]^oo^vZfkaf‘b]cfi^\Zfkaf‘b]‘lirjk^\;

O^o^ ‘lkl‘bo bi q^j^'l nrb qfbkb rk ^oo^v _fafjbkpflk^i qbkbjlp nrb jriqfmif‘^o i^p cfi^p mlo i^p
‘lirjk^p mlo bi k«jbol ab _vqbp nrb l‘rm^ bk jbjlof^ bi qfml abi ^oo^v. Dp bu^‘q^jbkqb fdr^i nrb ‘lk ilp
^oo^v rkfafjbkpflk^ibp il «kf‘l nrb pb ^'^ab plk i^p ‘lirjk^p.

cfi^p * ‘lirjk^p * _vqbp]abi]qfml

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 52 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

Tk rpl jrv ‘lj«k ab ilp ^oo^vp _fafjbkpflk^ibp bp ‘ob^o rk ^oo^v ab ‘^abk^p. Dk bpqb qfml ab ^oo^v bi
k«jbol ab cfi^p obmobpbkq^ bi k«jbol ab ‘^abk^p v i^p ‘lirjk^p obmobpbkq^ i^ ilkdfqra ab ‘^a^ rk^ ab bp^p
‘^abk^p.

(-(/2.1: Hkqolar‘b 10 ‘^abk^p v irbdl i^p jrbpqo^.

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘e^o qbuqlZ10\Z80\;
fkq fkaf‘b;
‘iop‘o();

clo(fkaf‘b=0;fkaf‘b<10;fkaf‘b++)
x
mofkqc("%2.2a:",fkaf‘b+1);
dbqp(qbuqlZfkaf‘b\);
z

mofkqc("Orip^ qb‘i^");
dbq‘e();
‘iop‘o();

clo(fkaf‘b=0;fkaf‘b<10;fkaf‘b++)
mofkqc("%p[k",qbuqlZfkaf‘b\);

dbq‘e();
z

DRSQTBSTQ@R, TMHNMDR, DMTLDQ@BHNMDR

B molmlo‘flk^ cloj^p afcbobkqbp ab ‘ob^‘f“k ab qfmlp ab a^qlp molmflp. Tkl ab biilp bp i^ ^dorm^‘f“k
ab s^of^_ibp _^gl rk jfpjl klj_ob, Nqo^ bp mbojfqfo nrb i^ jfpj^ m^oqb ab jbjlof^ pb^ abcfkfa^ ‘ljl alp l
jƒp qfmlp afcbobkqbp ab s^of^_ibp v q^j_f§k ‘ob^o rk^ ifpq^ ab ‘lkpq^kqbp bkqbo^ ‘lk klj_ob.

DRSQTBSTQ@R

Tk^ bpqor‘qro^ bp rk^ ‘lib‘‘f“k ab s^of^_ibp nrb pb obcbobk‘f^ _^gl rk «kf‘l klj_ob, molmlo‘flk^kal
rk jbafl bcf‘^w ab j^kqbkbo grkq^ rk^ fkcloj^‘f“k obi^‘flk^a^. K^p s^of^_ibp nrb ‘ljmlkbk i^ bpqor‘qro^ pb
ii^j^k jfbj_olp ab i^ bpqor‘qro^ v bpqƒ obi^‘flk^al i“df‘^jbkqb ‘lk ilp lqolp. Nqo^ ‘^o^‘qbo¤pqf‘^ bp bi ^elool
ab jbjlof^ v bsfq^o ab‘i^o^o s^of^_ibp nrb q§‘kf‘^jbkqb ob^ifw^k i^p jfpj^p crk‘flkbp.

5,06$9,5:
struct nombre{
pqor‘q klj_obx var1;
s^o1; var2;
s^o2; varN;
s^oM; }etiqueta1,etiquetaN;
z;
.
.
.
.
.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 53 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

.
pqor‘q klj_ob bqfnrbq^1,bqfnrbq^M;
Klp jfbj_olp fkafsfar^ibp ab i^ bpqor‘qro^ pb obcbobk‘f^k rqfifw^kal i^ bqfnrbq^ ab i^ bpqor‘qro^ bi
lmbo^alo mrkql(.) v i^ s^of^_ib ^ i^ nrb pb e^‘b obcbobk‘f^. Klp jfbj_olp ab i^ bpqor‘qro^ ab_bk pbo
fkf‘f^ifw^alp crbo^ ab bii^, pf pb e^‘b bk bi fkqboflo a^ boolo ab ‘ljmfi^‘f“k.

bqfnrbq^.s^of^_ib;

(-(/2.1#

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk (slfa)
x
fkq lm‘flk=0;
pqor‘q cf‘e^x
‘e^o klj_obZ40\;
‘e^o ^mbiifalZ50\;
rkpfdkba ba^a;
zbjmib^a,rpr^ofl;

al
x
‘iop‘o();
dlqluv(2,4);mofkqc("1.bjmib^alp");
dlqluv(2,5);mofkqc("2.rpr^oflp");
dlqluv(2,6);mofkqc("0.sfpr^ifw^o");
dlqluv(2,7);mofkqc("Dibdfo Nm‘flk: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&lm‘flk);

fc (lm‘flk==0)
_ob^h;
fc(lm‘flk==1)
x
dlqluv(2,10);mofkqc("Mlj_ob: ");
dbqp(bjmib^a.klj_ob);
dlqluv(2,11);mofkqc("@mbiifal: ");
dbqp(bjmib^a.^mbiifal);
dlqluv(2,12);mofkqc("Da^a: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&bjmib^a.ba^a);
z
bipb
x
dlqluv(2,10);mofkqc("Mlj_ob: ");
dbqp(rpr^ofl.klj_ob);
dlqluv(2,11);mofkqc("@mbiifal: ");
dbqp(rpr^ofl.^mbiifal);
dlqluv(2,12);mofkqc("Da^a: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&rpr^ofl.ba^a);
z
ztefib(lm‘flk!=0);

dlqluv(2,18);mofkqc("%p %p[k",bjmib^a.klj_ob,bjmib^a.^mbiifal);
dlqluv(2,19);mofkqc("%r ^'lp",bjmib^a.ba^a);
dlqluv(30,18);mofkqc("%p %p[k",rpr^ofl.klj_ob,rpr^ofl.^mbiifal);
dlqluv(30,19);mofkqc("%r ^'lp",rpr^ofl.ba^a);
dbq‘e();
z

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 54 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

K^p lmbo^‘flkbp jƒp ‘ljrkbp bp ^pfdk^o bi ‘lkqbkfal ab rk^ bpqor‘qro^ ^ lqo^ bpqor‘qro^ abi jfpjl
qfml jbaf^kqb rk^ «kf‘^ pbkqbk‘f^ ab ^pfdk^‘f“k ‘ljl pf crbo^ rk^ s^of^_ib bp ab‘fo kl bp kb‘bp^ofl fo
bibjbkql mlo bibjbkql. Nqo^ lmbo^‘f“k jrv ‘lj«k plk ilp ^oo^vp ab bpqor‘qro^p. O^o^ ab‘i^o^o rk ^oo^v ab
bpqor‘qro^p, pb ab_b abcfkfo mofjbol i^ bpqor‘qro^ v irbdl ab‘i^o^o i^ bqfnrbq^ fkaf‘^kal bi k«jbol ab
bibjbkqlp.

5,06$9,5:

pqor‘q klj_obx
s^o1;
s^o2;
s^oM;
zbqfnrbq^Zk| bibjbkqlp\;

Bljl bgbjmil ab ^oo^v ab bpqor‘qro^p ab_bobjlp ‘ob^o rk^ ifpq^ ab ‘looblp rqfifw^kal bpqor‘qro^p m^o^
dr^oa^o i^ fkcloj^‘f“k. K^p lmbo^‘flkbp nrb ab_bk e^‘bopb plk ^'^afo a^qlp, _loo^o a^qlp v ob^ifw^o ifpq^alp. Di
k«jbol ab obdfpqolp nrb s^ ^ j^kqbkbo bp ab 100. Rb ab_boƒ ‘lkqoli^o nrb kl prmbob bi i¤jfqb jƒufjl.

TMHNMDR

Tk^ rkf“k bp rk^ mlpf‘f“k ab jbjlof^ nrb bp ‘ljm^oqfa^ mlo alp l jƒp s^of^_ibp afcbobkqbp,
dbkbo^ijbkqb ab afpqfkql qfml, bk afpqfkqlp jljbkqlp. K^ ab‘i^o^‘f“k bp pfjfi^o ^ i^ bpqor‘qro^. Br^kal pb
‘ob^ rk^ bqfnrbq^ ab i^ rkf“k bi ‘ljmfi^alo obpbos^ jbjlof^ m^o^ bi j^vlo jfbj_ol ab i^ rkf“k. Di rpl ab
rk^ rkf“k mrbab ^vra^o ^ i^ ‘ob^‘f“k ab ‘“afdl fkabmbkafbkqb ab i^ jƒnrfk^ v ^eloo^ jbjlof^ bk i^
ab‘i^o^‘f“k ab s^of^_ibp. O^o^ obcbobk‘f^ ^ rk bibjbkql ab i^ rkf“k pb e^‘b fdr^i nrb pf crbo^ rk^ bpqor‘qro^.

5,06$9,5:

rkflk klj_obx union nombre{


var1;
s^o1; var2;
s^o2; varN
s^oM }etiqueta1,etiquetaN;
z;
.
.
.
rkflk klj_ob bqfnrbq^1,bqfnrbq^M;

DMTLDQ@BHNMDR

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 55 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

Dp rk ‘lkgrkql ab ‘lkpq^kqbp bkqbo^p ‘lk klj_ob nrb bpmb‘fcf‘^ qlalp ilp s^ilobp sƒifalp nrb rk^
s^of^_ib ab bpb qfml mrbab qbkbo. K^ abcfkf‘f“k bp jrv m^ob‘fa^ ^ i^p bpqor‘qro^p, i^ m^i^_o^ ‘i^sb bkrj pb'^i^
bi ‘ljfbkwl ab rk qfml bkrjbo^al. Di s^ilo abi mofjbo bibjbkql ab i^ bkrjbo^‘f“k bp 0 ^rknrb pb mrbab
bpmb‘fcf‘^o bi s^ilo ab rkl l jƒp p¤j_lilp rqfifw^kal rk^ ^pfdk^‘f“k.

5,06$9,5:

bkrj klj_obxifpq^]ab]bkrjbo^‘flkbpzbqfnrbq^1,bqfnrbq^M;
bkrj klj_obxifpq^]ab]bkrjbo^‘flkbpz;
.
.
.
bkrj klj_ob bqfnrbq^1,bqfnrbq^M;

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x bkrj jlkba^xali^o,mbkfnrb=100,jbafl=50,‘r^oql=25z;
bkrj jlkba^ afkbol;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("U^ilo ab i^ jlkba^: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&afkbol);
ptfq‘e(afkbol)
x ‘^pb ali^o:
mofkqc("Blk bpb s^ilo bp rk Cli^o");
_ob^h;
‘^pb mbkfnrb:
mofkqc("Blk bpb s^ilo bp rk Obkfnrb");
_ob^h;
‘^pb jbafl:
mofkqc("Blk bpb s^ilo bp Lbafl-Cli^o");
_ob^h;
‘^pb ‘r^oql:
mofkqc("Blk bpb s^ilo bp rk Br^oql");
_ob^h;
abc^riq:
mofkqc("Llkba^ Hkbufpqbkqb");
z
dbq‘e();
z

1. OTMSDQNR

Tk mrkqbol bp rk^ s^of^_ib nrb ‘lkqfbkb rk^ afob‘‘f“k ab jbjlof^. Dp^ afob‘‘f“k bp i^ mlpf‘f“k ab k
l_gbql (kloj^ijbkqb rk^ s^of^_ib) bk jbjlof^. Rf rk^ s^of^_ib s^ ^ ‘lkqbkbo rk mrkqbol, bkqlk‘bp qfbkb nrb
ab‘i^o^opb ‘ljl q^i. Br^kal pb ab‘i^o^ rk mrkqbol nrb kl ^mrkqb ^ kfkdrk^ mlpf‘f“k s^ifa^ e^ ab pbo
^pfdk^al ^ rk s^ilo kril (rk ‘bol).

5,06$9,5:

qfml *klj_ob;

NODQ@CNQDR: Di & absrbisb i^ afob‘‘f“k ab jbjlof^ ab pr lmbo^kal. Di * absrbisb bi s^ilo ab i^


s^of^_ib il‘^ifw^a^ bk i^ afob‘‘f“k nrb pfdrb. Olkb bk j i^ afob‘‘f“k ab jbjlof^ ab i^ s^of^_ib ‘rbkq^. K^

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 56 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

afob‘‘f“k kl qfbkb k^a^ nrb sbo ‘lk bi s^ilo ab ‘rbkq^. Dk i^ pbdrka^ i¤kb^ mlkb bi s^ilo ab ‘rbkq^ bk n.

j= &‘rbkq^;

n=*j;

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq *m;
fkq s^ilo;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("Hkqorar‘fo s^ilo: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&s^ilo);
m=&s^ilo;
mofkqc("Cfob‘‘flk ab jbjlof^ ab s^ilo bp: %m[k",m);
mofkqc("Di s^ilo ab i^ s^of^_ib bp: %a",*m);
dbq‘e();
z

$5,*0$&,10(5: Bljl bk bi ‘^pl ab ‘r^inrfbo s^of^_ib.

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x fkq u;
fkq *m1, *m2;
m1=&u;
m2=m1;
mofkqc(†%m‡,m2);
z
$4,6/R6,&$: Clp lmbo^‘flkbp ^ofqj§qf‘^p nrb pb mrbabk rp^o ‘ljl mrkqbolp, i^ prj^ v i^ obpq^.
Br^kal pb fk‘objbkq^ rk mrkqbol, ^mrkq^ ^ i^ mlpf‘f“k ab jbjlof^ abi pfdrfbkqb bibjbkql ab pr qfml _^pb.
B^a^ sbw nrb pb ab‘objbkq^, ^mrkq^ ^ i^ mlpf‘f“k abi bibjbkql ^kqboflo.

p1++;
p1--;
p1+12;

&1/2$4$&,S0: Rb mrbabk ‘ljm^o^o alp mrkqbolp bk rk^ bumobpf“k obi^‘flk^i. Fbkbo^ijbkqb, i^


‘ljm^o^‘f“k ab mrkqbolp pb rqfifw^ ‘r^kal alp l jƒp mrkqbolp ^mrkq^k ^ rk l_gbql ‘lj«k.

fc(m<n) mofkqc (†m ^mrkq^ ^ jbklo jbjlof^ nrb n‡);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 57 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <pqaif_.e>
slfa dr^oa^(fkq f);
fkq ob‘rmbo^(slfa);
fkq *qlm, *m1, mfi^Z50\;
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq s^ilo;
‘iop‘o();
qlm=mfi^;
m1=mfi^;
alx mofkqc("fkqolar‘fo rk s^ilo: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&s^ilo);
fc(s^ilo!=0) dr^oa^(s^ilo);
bipb mofkqc("Dk il ^iql: %a [k",ob‘rmbo^());
ztefib(s^ilo!=-1);
z
slfa dr^oa^(fkq f)
x m1++;
fc(m1==(qlm+50))
x mofkqc("mfi^ abp_loa^a^");
bufq(1); z
*m1=f;
z

fkq ob‘rmbo^(slfa)
x fc(m1==qlm)
x mofkqc("mfi^ s^‘f^");
bufq(1); z
m1--;
obqrok *(m1+1);
z

$44$: ’( 2706(415: Klp mrkqbolp mrbabk bpqor‘qro^opb bk ^oo^vp ‘ljl ‘r^inrfbo lqol qfml ab
a^qlp. G^v nrb fkaf‘^o bi qfml v bi k«jbol ab bibjbkqlp. Rr rqfifw^‘f“k mlpqboflo bp fdr^i nrb ilp ^oo^vp nrb
ebjlp sfpql ^kqboflojbkqb, ‘lk i^ afcbobk‘f^ ab nrb pb ^pfdk^k afob‘‘flkbp ab jbjlof^.

’(&.$4$&,S0:

qfml *klj_obZk| bibjbkqlp\;

$5,*0$&,S0#

klj_ob]^oo^vZfkaf‘b\=&s^of^_ib;

76,.,;$4 (.(/(0615:

*klj_ob]^oo^vZfkaf‘b\;

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
slfa af^p(fkq k);
slfa j^fk(slfa)

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 58 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

x fkq krj;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc(†Hkqolar‘fo k| ab Cf^: †);
p‘^kc(†%a‡,&krj);
af^p(krj);
dbq‘e(); z

slfa af^p(fkq k)
x
‘e^o *af^Z\=x†M| ab af^ kl U^ifal‡,
†Krkbp‡,
†L^oqbp‡,
†Lfbo‘libp‡,
†Irbsbp‡,
†sfbokbp‡,
†R^_^al‡,
†Cljfkdl‡z;

mofqkc(†%p‡,af^Zk\);
z
OTMSDQNR @ B@CDM@R: Dufpqb rk^ bpqob‘e^ obi^‘f“k bkqob mrkqbolp v ilp ^oo^vp. Rb ^pfdk^ i^
afob‘‘f“k abi mofjbo bibjbkql abi ^oo^v v ^p¤ pb ‘lkl‘b bi ‘ljfbkwl abi ^oo^v, bi cfk^i il p^_bjlp jbaf^kqb bi
kril nrb qfbkbk qla^p i^p ‘^abk^p ^i cfk^i. Blk bpq^ obi^‘f“k pb mrbab ab‘i^o^o rk^ ‘^abk^ pfk qbkbo bk ‘rbkq^
i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ ‘^abk^. Nqo^ ‘^o^‘qbo¤pqf‘^ fjmloqb bp i^ mlpf_fifa^a bp mlabo m^p^o ‘^abk^p ^ i^p crk‘flkbp.

5,06$9,5:
‘e^o *klj_ob;
‘e^o *klj_obZ\;

(-(/2.1: Dk bpqb bgbjmil pb mrbabk fk‘irfo mofjbo ^mbiifal l bi mofjbol v bi pbdrkal, i^ ilkdfqra ab
i^ ‘^abk^ kl fjmloq^. Llpqo^jlp bi ‘lkqbkfal ab ^mbiifalp v pr afob‘‘f“k ab jbjlof^.

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘e^o *^mbiifalp;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc(†Hkqolar‘fo ^mbiifalp: †);
dbqp(^mbiifalp);
mofkqc(†Srp ^mbiifalp plk: %p‡,^mbiifalp);
mofkqc(†K^ afob‘‘f“k ab jbjlof^ bp: %m‡,^mbiifalp);
dbq‘e();
z

OTMSDQNR @ DRSQTBSTQ@R: B mbojfqb mrkqbolp ^ bpqor‘qro^p fdr^i nrb mbojfqb mrkqbolp ^


‘r^inrfbo lqol qfml ab s^of^_ibp. Di rpl mofk‘fm^i ab bpqb qfml ab mrkqbolp bp m^p^o bpqor‘qro^p ^ crk‘flkbp. Rf
qbkbjlp nrb m^p^o qla^ i^ bpqor‘qro^ bi qfbjml ab bgb‘r‘f“k mrbab e^‘bopb bqbokl, rqfifw^kal mrkqbolp p“il pb
m^p^ i^ afob‘‘f“k ab i^ bpqor‘qro^. Klp mrkqbolp ^ bpqor‘qro^p pb ab‘i^o^k mlkfbkal * abi^kqb ab i^ bqfnrbq^ ab
i^ bpqor‘qro^..

5,06$9,5:

pqor‘q klj_ob]bpqor‘qro^ bqfnrbq^;


pqor‘q klj_ob]bpqor‘qro^ *klj_ob]mrkqbol;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 59 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

O^o^ bk‘lkqo^o i^ afob‘‘f“k ab rk^ bqfnrbq^ ab bpqor‘qro^, pb ‘lil‘^ bi lmbo^alo & ^kqbp abi klj_ob ab
i^ bqfnrbq^. O^o^ ^‘‘babo ^ ilp jfbj_olp ab rk^ bpqor‘qro^ rp^kal rk mrkqbol rp^objlp bi lmbo^alo cib‘e^ (-
>).

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
xpqor‘q cf‘e^x
fkq _^i^k‘b;
‘e^o klj_obZ80\;
z*m;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc(†Mlj_ob: †);
dbqp(m->klj_ob);
mofkqc(†[kA^i^k‘b: †);
p‘^kc(†%a‡,&m->_^i^k‘b);
mofkqc(†%p‡,m->klj_ob);
mofkqc(†%a‡,m->_^i^k‘b);
dbq‘e();
z

@RHFM@BH⁄M CHM@LHB@ CD LDLNQH@: K^ ^pfdk^‘f“k afkƒjf‘^ bp i^ cloj^ bk nrb rk


moldo^j^ mrbab l_qbkbo jbjlof^ jfbkqo^p pb bpqƒ bgb‘rq^kal. G^v l‘^pflkbp bk nrb rk moldo^j^ kb‘bpfq^
rp^o ‘^kqfa^abp ab jbjlof^ s^of^_ib.
K^ jbjlof^ pb l_qfbkb abi jlkq“k (obdf“k ab i^ jbjlof^ if_ob nrb nrba^ bkqob bi moldo^j^ v i^ mfi^).
Di q^j^'l abi jlkq“k bp abp‘lkl‘fal mbol ‘lkqfbkb do^k ‘^kqfa^a ab jbjlof^. Di pfpqbj^ ab ^pfdk^‘f“k
afkƒjf‘^ bpq^ ‘ljmrbpql mlo i^p crk‘flkbp j^iil‘()nrb ^pfdk^ jbjlof^ ^ rk mrkqbol v cobb()nrb if_bo^ i^
jbjlof^ ^pfdk^a^. @j_^p crk‘flkbp kb‘bpfq^k bi ^o‘efsl ab ‘^_b‘bo^ pqaif_.e.

5,06$9,5:

mrkqbol=j^iil‘(krjbol]ab]_vqbp);
cobb(mrkqbol);

(-(/2.1#

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <pqaif_.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘e^o *‘;
‘iop‘o();
‘=j^iil‘(80);
fc(!‘)
x
mofkqc("E^iil ^i ^pfdk^o jbjlof^");
bufq(1);
z
mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo ‘^abk^: ");
dbqp(‘);
clo(q=pqoibk(‘)-1;q>=0;q--)
mrq‘e^o(‘Zq\);
cobb(‘);
dbq‘e();
z

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 60 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

HMCHQDBBH⁄M L¥KSHOKD: Prb rk mrkqbol ^mrkqb ^ lqol mrkqbol nrb ^mrkqb ^ rk s^ilo ab
abpqfkl. Dk bi ‘^pl ab rk mrkqbol ^ mrkqbol, bi mofjbo mrkqbol ‘lkqfbkb i^ afob‘‘f“k abi pbdrkal mrkqbol,
nrb ^mrkq^ ^i l_gbql nrb ‘lkqfbkb bi s^ilo abpb^al. K^ pfdrfbkqb ab‘i^o^‘f“k fkaf‘^ ^i ‘ljmfi^alo nrb bp rk
mrkqbol ^ mrkqbol ab qfml cil^q.

cil^q **_^i^k‘b;

2. ETMBHNMDR

K^p crk‘flkbp plk ilp _ilnrbp ‘lkpqor‘qlobp ab B, bp bi ird^o alkab pb molar‘b qla^ i^ ^‘qfsfa^a abi
moldo^j^. Dp i^ ‘^o^‘qbo¤pqf‘^ jƒp fjmloq^kqb ab B. Rr_afsfab bk s^of^p q^ob^p ‘lk‘roobkqbp bi moldo^j^, ^p¤
p“il pb i^p qbkaoƒ nrb sbo ‘lk afjfkrq^p mfbw^p ab moldo^j^, ab ml‘^p i¤kb^p, ‘rv^ bp‘ofqro^ v ‘loob‘‘f“k bp rk^
q^ob^ pfjmib. K^p crk‘flkbp mrbabk l kl abslisbo v ob‘f_fo s^ilobp abi moldo^j^.

Di jb‘^kfpjl m^o^ qo^_^g^o ‘lk crk‘flkbp bp bi pfdrfbkqb, mofjbol ab_bjlp ab‘i^o^o bi JKIMIMEJI ab i^
crk‘f“k, ^ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k ab_bjlp e^‘bo i^ FF=G=@= v mlo «iqfjl @AL=KKIFF=K i^ crk‘f“k. Klp alp «iqfjlp m^plp
mrbabk ‘^j_f^o, bp ab‘fo, kl bp kb‘bp^ofl nrb bi abp^ooliil ab i^ crk‘f“k bpqb ab_^gl ab i^ ii^j^a^.

@kqbp ab pbdrfo ab_bjlp ‘lkl‘bo i^p obdi^p ab ƒj_fql ab i^p crk‘flkbp. Di ‘“afdl ab rk^ crk‘f“k bp
mofs^al ^ bp^ crk‘f“k, bi ‘“afdl nrb ‘ljmobkab bi ‘rboml ab bp^ crk‘f“k bpqƒ l‘riql ^i obpql abi moldo^j^ ^
jbklp nrb pb e^d^ ^ qo^s§p ab rk^ ii^j^a^. Sla^p i^p s^of^_ibp nrb pb abcfkbk abkqol ab rk^ crk‘f“k plk
il‘^ibp ‘lk i^ bu‘bm‘f“k ab i^p s^of^_ibp bpqƒqf‘^p.

5,06$9,5 ’(. 241616,21:


qfml]absrbiql klj_ob]crk‘flk (Zm^o^jbqolp\);

5,06$9,5 ’( .$ ..$/$’$:
klj_ob]crk‘flk(Zm^o^jbqolp\);

5,06$9,5 ’(. ’(5$441..1:


qfml]absrbiql klj_ob]crk‘flk (Zm^o^jbqolp\)
x ‘rboml; z

Br^kal pb ab‘i^o^k i^p crk‘flkbp bp kb‘bp^ofl fkcloj^o ^i ‘ljmfi^alo ilp q^j^'lp ab ilp s^ilobp nrb pb
ib bksf^oƒk v bi q^j^'l abi s^ilo nrb obqlok^. Dk bi ‘^pl ab kl fkaf‘^o k^a^ m^o^ bi s^ilo absrbiql qlj^ mlo
abcb‘ql bi s^ilo fkq.
@i ii^j^o ^ rk^ crk‘f“k pb mrbab e^‘bo i^ ii^j^a^ JIK O=FIK l JIK KABAKAH?E=. Dk bi ‘^pl ab e^‘boi^ mlo
s^ilo pb ‘lmf^ bi ‘lkqbkfal abi ^odrjbkql ^i m^oƒjbqol ab i^ crk‘f“k, bp ab‘fo pf pb molar‘bk ‘^j_flp bk bi
m^oƒjbqol kl ^cb‘q^ ^ ilp ^odrjbkqlp. B rqfifw^ bpq^ ii^j^a^ mlo abcb‘ql. Br^kal pb rqfifw^ i^ ii^j^a^ mlo

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 61 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

obcbobk‘f^ il nrb pb m^p^ ^ i^ crk‘f“k bp i^ afob‘‘f“k ab jbjlof^ abi ^odrjbkql, mlo q^kql pf pb molar‘bk
‘^j_flp bpqlp ^cb‘q^k q^j_f§k ^i ^odrjbkql. K^ ii^j^a^ ^ rk^ crk‘f“k pb mrbab e^‘bo q^kq^p sb‘bp ‘ljl pb
nrfbo^.

OQHLDQ SHON: K^p crk‘flkbp ab bpqb qfml kf absrbisbk s^ilo kf pb ibp m^p^ m^oƒjbqolp. Dkqb ‘^pl e^v
nrb fkaf‘^oib nrb bi s^ilo nrb absrbisb bp ab qfml slfa v m^o^ fkaf‘^o nrb kl ob‘f_foƒ m^oƒjbqolp q^j_f§k
rqfifw^jlp bi qfml slfa. Br^kal ob^ifw^jlp i^ ii^j^a^ kl e^‘b c^iq^ fkaf‘^oib k^a^, pb ^_obk v ‘fboo^k ilp
m^obkqbpfp.

slfa klj_ob]crk‘flk(slfa);
klj_ob]crk‘flk();

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
slfa jlpqo^o(slfa);
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc(†Dpqlv bk i^ mofk‘fm^i[k‡);
jlpqo^o();
mofkqc(†Cb srbiq^ bk i^ mofk‘fm^i‡);
dbq‘e();
z

slfa jlpqo^o(slfa)
x
mofkqc(†@elo^ eb m^p^al ^ i^ crk‘f“k[k‡);
abi^v(2000);
z

RDFTMCN SHON: Rlk crk‘flkbp nrb absrbisbk rk s^ilo rk^ sbw e^k qbojfk^al ab ob^ifw^o prp
lmbo^‘flkbp, plil pb mrbab abslisbo rkl. K^ abslir‘f“k pb ob^ifw^ jbaf^kqb i^ pbkqbk‘f^ obqrok, nrb ^abjƒp ab
abslisbo rk s^ilo e^‘b nrb i^ bgb‘r‘f“k abi moldo^j^ srbis^ ^i ‘“afdl nrb ii^jl ^ bp^ crk‘f“k. @i ‘ljmfi^alo
e^v nrb fkaf‘^oib bi qfml ab s^ilo nrb pb s^ ^ abslisbo mlkfbkal abi^kqb abi klj_ob ab i^ crk‘f“k bi qfml ^
abslisbo. Dk bpqb qfml ab ‘^plp i^ crk‘f“k bp ‘ljl pf crbo^ rk^ s^of^_ib, mrbp qla^ bii^ bnrfs^ib ^i s^ilo nrb
absrbisb.
qfml]absrbiql klj_ob]crk‘flk(slfa);
s^of^_ib=klj_ob]crk‘flk();

(-(/2.1:
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h>
int suma(void); int suma(void);

void main(void) void main(void)


{ {
int total; clrscr();
clrscr(); printf(“Suma valores\n”);
pritnf(“\n %d”,suma());
printf(“Suma valores\n”); getch();
total=suma(); }
pritnf(“\n%d”,total);
getch(); int suma(void)
} {
int a,b;
int suma(void) printf(“valores: “);
{ scanf(“%d%*c%d”,&a,&b);
int a,b,total_dev; return a+b;
printf(“valores: “); }
scanf(“%d%*c%d”,&a,&b);
total_dev=a+b;
return total_dev;
}

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 62 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

SDQBDQ SHON: Dk bpqb qfml i^p crk‘flkbp mrbabk l kl abslisbo s^ilobp mbol il fjmloq^kqb bp nrb
i^p crk‘flkbp mrbabk ob‘f_fo s^ilobp. G^v nrb fkaf‘^o ^i ‘ljmfi^alo ‘r^kqlp s^ilobp ob‘f_b v ab nrb qfml bp
‘^a^ rkl ab biilp. Rb ib fkaf‘^ mlkf§kalil bk ilp m^obkqbpfp nrb qfbkbk i^p crk‘flkbp. Cb_bk pbo ilp jfpjlp
nrb bk bi molqlqfml.
slfa klj_ob]crk‘flk(qfml1,qfml2¶qfmlM);
klj_ob]crk‘flk(s^o1,s^o2¶s^oM);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
slfa obpq^(fkq u, fkq v, ‘e^o *‘^a);
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq ^,_;
‘e^o ‘^abk^Z20\;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc(†Qbpq^ ab U^ilobp[k‡);
mofkqc(†Hkqolar‘fo s^ilobp v ‘^abk^: †);
p‘^kc(†%a%*‘%a‡,&^,&_);
dbqp(‘^abk^);
obpq^(^,_,‘^abk^);
dbq‘e();
z
slfa obpq^(fkq u, fkq v, ‘e^o *‘^a)
x
mofkqc(†qlq^i= %a‡,u+v);
mofkqc(†K^ ‘^abk^ bp: %p‡,‘^a);
z
O@RN CD DRSQTBSTQ@R @ ETMBHNMDR: Br^kal pb rqfifw^ l pb m^p^ rk^ bpqor‘qro^ ‘ljl
^odrjbkql ^ rk^ crk‘f“k, pb ib m^p^ qla^ i^ bpqor‘qro^ fkqbdo^, pb ib m^p^ mlo s^ilo. Dpql pfdkfcf‘^ nrb qlalp ilp
‘^j_flp ob^ifw^alp bk bi fkqboflo ab i^ crk‘f“k kl ^cb‘q^k ^ i^ bpqor‘qro^ rqfifw^a^ ‘ljl ^odrjbkql. K^ «kf‘^
afcbobk‘f^ ‘lk ilp ‘^plp ^kqboflobp bp nrb, ^elo^ e^v nrb abcfkfo ‘ljl m^oƒjbqol ab i^ crk‘f“k rk^ bpqor‘qro^.

5,06$9,5:

qfml]absrbiql klj_ob]crk‘flk(pqor‘ klj_ob bqfnrbq^);


klj_ob]crk‘flk(bqfnrbq^]bpqor‘qro^);

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
pqor‘q cf‘e^x
‘e^o klj_obZ20\;
fkq ba^a;
z;
slfa crk‘flk(pqor‘q cf‘e^ bjmib);
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x pqor‘q cf‘e^ qo^_^g^;
‘iop‘o();
crk‘flk(qo^_^g^);
z
slfa crk‘flk(pqor‘q cf‘e^ bjmib)
x
dlqluv(5,2);mofkqc("Mlj_ob: ");
dlqluv(5,3);mofkqc("ba^a: ");
dlqluv(13,2);dbqp(bjmib.klj_ob);
dlqluv(13,3);p‘^kc("%a",&bjmib.ba^a);
‘iop‘o();

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 63 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

mofkqc("%p ab %a ^{lp",bjmib.klj_ob,bjmib.ba^a);
dbq‘e();
z

O@RN X CDUNKTBHNM CD OTMSDQNR: Br^kal pb m^p^k mrkqbolp ‘ljl m^oƒjbqolp pb bpq^


e^‘fbkal rk^ ii^j^a^ mlo obcbobk‘f^, ilp s^ilobp ab ilp ^odrjbkqlp ‘^j_f^k pf ilp m^oƒjbqolp ab i^ crk‘f“k
‘^j_f^k. K^ j^kbo^ ab m^p^o mrkqbolp bp fdr^i nrb ‘r^kal pb m^p^k s^of^_ibp, p“il nrb ^elo^ e^v nrb mob‘babo
^i klj_ob abi m^oƒjbqol ‘lk rk ^pqbofp‘l.

s^ilo]absrbiql klj_ob]crk‘flk(*m^o^j1,*m^o^j2,¶*m^o^jM);
klj_ob]crk‘flk(s^o1,s^o2,¶s^oM);

O^o^ abslisbo rk mrkqbol, rk^ crk‘f“k ab_b pbo ab‘i^o^a^ ‘ljl pf qrsfbo^ rk qfml mrkqbol ab srbiq^, pf
kl e^v ‘lfk‘fabk‘f^ bk bi qfml ab srbiq^ i^ crk‘f“k absrbisb rk mrkqbol kril. Dk bi molqlqfml ab i^ crk‘f“k
^kqbp abi klj_ob ab bpq^ e^v nrb mlkbo rk ^pqbofp‘l v bk i^ ii^j^a^ e^v nrb fdr^i^o i^ crk‘f“k ^ rk mrkqbol
abi jfpjl qfml nrb bi s^ilo nrb absrbisb. Di s^ilo nrb pb obqlok^ ab_b pbo q^j_f§k rk mrkqbol.

241616,21:
s^ilo]absrbiql *klj_ob(ifpq^]m^o^jbqolp);
..$/$’$:
mrkqbol=klj_ob]crk‘flk(ifpq^]m^o^jbqolp);
’(5$441..1:

s^ilo]absrbiql *klj_ob]crk‘flk(ifpq^]m^o^jbqolp)
x
‘rboml;
obqrok mrkqbol;
z

(-(/2.1: Arp‘^ i^ ibqo^ nrb pb ib m^p^ bk i^ ‘^abk^ v pf i^ bk‘rbkqo^ jrbpqo^ i^ ‘^abk^ ^ m^oqfo ab bp^ ibqo^.

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
slfa *bk‘rbkqo^(‘e^o ibqo^, ‘e^o *‘^abk^);
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘e^o co^pbZ80\, *m, ibqo^]_rp‘^;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo ‘^abk^: ");
dbqp(co^pb);
ccirpe(pqafk);
mofkqc("Kbqo^ ^ _rp‘^o: ");
ibqo^]_rp‘^=dbq‘e^o();
m=bk‘rbkqo^(ibqo^]_rp‘^,co^pb);
fc(m)
mofkqc("[k %p",m);
dbq‘e();
z
slfa *bk‘rbkqo^(‘e^o ibqo^, ‘e^o *‘^abk^)
x
tefib(ibqo^!=*‘^abk^ && *‘^abk^)
‘^abk^++;
obqrok ‘^abk^;
z
K@ ETMBH⁄M L@HM: L§qlal m^o^ m^p^o fkcloj^‘f“k ^ i^ crk‘f“k G=EH jbaf^kqb bi rpl ab
^odrjbkqlp, bi ird^o abpab alkab pb m^p^k bplp s^ilobp bp i^ FVHA= @A IK@AHAL @AF LELMAG= IJAK=MEOI. Rb ‘lil‘^k
abqoƒp abi klj_ob abi moldo^j^.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 64 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

G^v alp ^odrjbkqlp bpmb‘f^ibp v^ fk‘lomlo^alp, ^od‘ v ^ods nrb pb rqfifw^k m^o^ ob‘f_fo bp^
fkcloj^‘f“k. Dk ^od‘ ‘lkqfbkb bi k«jbol ab ^odrjbkqlp ab i^ i¤kb^ ab loabkbp v bp rk bkqbol. Rfbjmob s^ib
‘ljl j¤kfjl 1, v^ nrb bi klj_ob abi moldo^j^ ‘rbkq^ ‘ljl mofjbo ^odrjbkql. Di ‘^pl ab ^ods bp rk
mrkqbol ^ rk ^oo^v ab mrkqbolp ab ‘^o^‘qbobp alkab pb foƒk dr^oa^kal qlalp ilp ^odrjbkqlp. Slalp biilp plk
‘^abk^p.

Rf i^ crk‘f“k G=EH bpmbo^ ^odrjbkqlp v kl pb ib m^p^ kfkdrkl abpab i^ i¤kb^ ab loabkbp, bp jrv
mlpf_ib nrb ab rk boolo ab bgb‘r‘f“k ‘r^kal pb fkqbkqbk rqfifw^o bplp ^odrjbkqlp. Olo q^kql il jbglo bp
pfbjmob ‘lkqoli^o nrb bi k«jbol ab ^odrjbkqlp bp ‘loob‘ql.

Nqol ^pmb‘ql ^ qbkbo bk ‘rbkq^ bp nrb bi klj_ob ab ilp alp ^odrjbkqlp (^od‘ v ^ods) plk qo^af‘flk^ibp
mbol ^o_fqo^oflp, bp ab‘fo nrb pb ibp mrbab a^o bi klj_ob nrb ^ klplqolp klp fkqbobpb, j^kqbkfbkal bpl pf bi
qfml v bi k«jbol ab ^odrjbkqlp nrb ob‘f_b.

5,06$9,5:

slfa j^fk(fkq ^od‘, ‘e^o *^odsZ\)


x
‘rboml;
z
(-(/2.1: @i bgb‘rq^o bi moldo^j^ ^ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k abi klj_ob ib fkaf‘^jlp 2 s^ilobp.

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk(fkq ^od‘, ‘e^o *^odsZ\)
x
‘iop‘o();
fc(^od‘!=3) //‘lkqolil bi k| ab ^odrjbkqlp
x
mofkqc("Doolo bk k| ab ^odrjbkqlp");
bufq(0);
z
mofkqc("Rrj^ ab s^ilobp[k");
mofkqc("Slq^i= %a",^qlf(^odsZ1\)+^qlf(^odsZ2\));
dbq‘e();
z

QDBTQRHUHC@C: Dp bi mol‘bpl ab abcfkfo ^idl bk q§ojfklp ab pf jfpjl, bp ab‘fo nrb i^p crk‘flkbp
mrbabk ii^j^opb ^ pf jfpj^p, bpql pb ‘lkpfdrb ‘r^kal bk bi ‘rboml ab i^ crk‘f“k e^v rk^ ii^j^a^ ^ i^ molmf^
crk‘f“k, pb af‘b nrb bp ob‘ropfs^. Tk^ crk‘f“k ob‘ropfs^ kl e^‘b rk^ krbs^ ‘lmf^ ab i^ crk‘f“k, plil plk
krbslp ilp ^odrjbkqlp.

K^ mofk‘fm^i sbkq^g^ ab i^p crk‘flkbp ob‘ropfs^p bp nrb pb mrbabk rp^o m^o^ ‘ob^o sbopflkbp ab ^idlofqjlp
jƒp ‘i^o^p v pbk‘fii^p. Br^kal pb bp‘of_bk crk‘flkbp ob‘ropfs^p, pb ab_b qbkbo rk^ pbkqbk‘f^ fc m^o^ clow^o ^ i^
crk‘f“k ^ slisbo pfk nrb pb bgb‘rqb i^ ii^j^a^ ob‘ropfs^.

(-(/2.1:

fkq c^‘q(fkq krjbol)


x fkq obpm;
fc(krjbol==1)
obqrok 1;
obpm=c^‘q(krjbol-1)*krjbol;
obqrok(obpm);
z

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 65 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

(-(/2.1: Dk bpqb molvb‘ql e^v alp cf‘ebolp crbkqb. Dk bi mofjbol pb jrbpqo^ 2 s^ilobp v pb e^‘b i^
ii^j^a^ ^ crk‘flkbp abi pbdrkal moldo^j^.

Ef‘ebol: TMN.B Ef‘ebol:CNR.B


#include<stdio.h>
#fk‘irab <pqafl.e> #include<conio.h>
#fk‘irab <‘lkfl.e> void sumar()
{
slfa jlpqo^o(); int x,y;
printf("%d",x+y);
slfa prj^o(); getch();
}
slfa j^fk(slfa) void mostrar()
x {
fkq u,v; int z,p;
z=15;
‘iop‘o(); p=25;
u=10; printf("%d %d",z,p);
getch();
v=20; }
mofkqc("%a %a",u,v);
dbq‘e();
jlpqo^o();
prj^o();
dbq‘e();
z

ETMBHNMDR CD B@Q@BSDQDR X B@CDM@R

K^ _f_iflqb‘^ bpqƒka^o ab B qfbkb rk of‘l v s^of^al ‘lkgrkql ab crk‘flkbp ab j^kbgl ab ‘^o^‘qbobp v


‘^o^‘qbobp. Dk rk^ fjmibjbkq^‘f“k bpqƒka^o, i^p crk‘flkbp ab ‘^abk^ obnrfbobk bi ^o‘efsl ab ‘^_b‘bo^
RSQHMF.G, nrb molmlo‘flk^ prp molqlqfmlp. K^p crk‘flkbp ab ‘^o^‘qbobp rqfifw^k BSXOD.G, ‘ljl ^o‘efsl ab
‘^_b‘bo^.

HR@KOG@:Cbsrbisb rk bkqbol. CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf i^ s^of^_ib bp rk^ ibqo^ abi ^ic^_bql, bk ‘^pl
‘lkqo^ofl absrbisb ‘bol. B^_b‘bo^: <‘qvmb.e>.

fkq fp^ime^(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

HRCHFHS: Cbsrbisb rk bkqbol. CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf i^ s^of^_ib bp rk k«jbol (0 ^ 9), bk ‘^pl


‘lkqo^ofl absrbisb ‘bol. B^_b‘bo^ <‘qvmb.e>.

fkq fpafdfq(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

HRFQ@OG: Cbsrbisb rk bkqbol. CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf i^ s^of^_ib bp ‘r^inrfbo ‘^oƒ‘qbo


fjmofjf_ib afpqfkql ab rk bpm^‘fl, pf bp rk bpm^‘fl BDQN. B^_b‘bo^ <‘qvmb.e>.

fkq fpdo^me(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

HRKNVDQ: Cbsrbisb rk bkqbol. CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf i^ s^of^_ib bpq^ bk jfk«p‘ri^, bk ‘^pl


‘lkqo^ofl absrbisb ‘bol. B^_b‘bo^ <‘qvmb.e>.

fkq fpiltbo(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

HROTMBS: Cbsrbisb rk bkqbol. CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf i^ s^of^_ib bp rk ‘^oƒ‘qbo ab mrkqr^‘f“k,


bk ‘^pl ‘lkqo^ofl, absrbisb ‘bol. B^_b‘bo^ <‘qvmb.e>

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 66 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

fkq fpmrk‘q(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

HRTOODQ: Cbsrbisb rk bkqbol. CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf i^ s^of^_ib bpq^ bk j^v«p‘ri^p, bk ‘^pl


‘lkqo^ofl, absrbisb ‘bol. B^_b‘bo^ <‘qvmb.e>

fkq fprmmbo(s^of_ib]‘e^o);

(-(/2.1: Brbkq^ bi krjbol ab ibqo^p v k«jbolp nrb e^v bk rk^ ‘^abk^. K^ ilkdfqra ab_b pbo
pfbjmob ab ‘fk‘l mlo kl ‘lkl‘bo ^«k i^ crk‘f“k nrb jb absrbisb i^ ilkdfqra ab rk^ ‘^abk^.

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<‘qvmb.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq fka,‘lkq]krj=0,‘lkq]qbuq=0;
‘e^o qbjm;
‘e^o ‘^abk^Z6\;
‘iop‘o();

mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo 5 ‘^o^‘qbobp: ");


dbqp(‘^abk^);

clo(fka=0;fka<5;fka++)
x
qbjm=fp^ime^(‘^abk^Zfka\);
fc(qbjm)
‘lkq]qbuq++;
bipb
‘lkq]krj++;
z

mofkqc("Di qlq^i ab ibqo^p bp %a[k",‘lkq]qbuq);


mofkqc("Di qlq^i ab krjbolp bp %a",‘lkq]krj);
dbq‘e();
z

DIDLOKN: Tqfifw^kal bi obpql ab crk‘flkbp klp s^ ^ a^o fkcloj^‘f“k ‘ljmibq^ abi s^ilo nrb ‘lkqfbkb i^
s^of^_ib.

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <‘qvmb.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘e^o ibqo^;
‘iop‘o();

mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo s^ilo: ");


ibqo^=dbq‘e^o();

fc(fpafdfq(ibqo^))
mofkqc("Dp rk krjbol");
bipb
x
fc(fpiltbo(ibqo^))
mofkqc("Kbqo^ bk jfkrp‘ri^");

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 67 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

bipb
mofkqc("Kbqo^ bk j^vrp‘ri^");

fc(fpmrk‘q(ibqo^))
mofkqc("B^o^‘qbo ab mrkqr^‘flk");

fc(!fpdo^me(ibqo^))
mofkqc("Dp rk bpm^‘fl");
z
dbq‘e();
z

LDLRDS: Hkf‘f^ifw^ rk^ obdf“k ab jbjlof^ (_rccbo) ‘lk rk s^ilo abqbojfk^al. Rb rqfifw^
mofk‘fm^ijbkqb m^o^ fkf‘f^ifw^o ‘^abk^p ‘lk rk s^ilo abqbojfk^al. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

jbjpbq (s^o]‘^abk^,–‘^oƒ‘qbo–,q^j^'l);

RSQB@S: Blk‘^qbk^ ‘^abk^p, bp ab‘fo, ^'^ab i^ pbdrka^ ‘^abk^ ^ i^ mofjbo^, i^ mofjbo^ ‘^abk^ kl
mfboab pr s^ilo lofdfk^. Kl «kf‘l nrb e^v nrb qbkbo bk ‘rbkq^ bp nrb i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ mofjbo^ ‘^abk^ ab_b
qbkbo i^ ilkdfqra prcf‘fbkqb m^o^ dr^oa^o i^ prj^ ab i^p alp ‘^abk^p. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

pqo‘^q(‘^abk^1,‘^abk^2);

RSQBGQ:Cbsrbisb rk mrkqbol ^ i^ mofjbo^ l‘roobk‘f^ abi ‘^oƒ‘qbo bpmb‘fcf‘^al bk i^ ‘^abk^ alkab


pb _rp‘^. Rf kl il bk‘rbkqo^, absrbisb rk mrkqbol kril. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

pqo‘eo(‘^abk^,–‘^oƒ‘qbo–);
pqo‘eo(†qbuql‡,–‘^oƒ‘qbo–);

RSQBLO:Bljm^o^ ^ic^_§qf‘^jbkqb alp ‘^abk^p v absrbisb rk bkqbol _^p^al bk bi obpriq^al ab i^


‘ljm^o^‘f“k. K^ ‘ljm^o^‘f“k kl pb _^p^ bk i^ ilkdfqra ab i^p ‘^abk^p. Lrv rqfifw^al m^o^ ‘ljmol_^o
‘lkqo^pb'^p. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

pqo‘jm(‘^abk^1,‘^abk^2);
pqo‘jm(‘^abk^2,‡qbuql‡);

QDRTKS@CN

U@KNQ CDRBQHOBH⁄M

/AHIK = &AKI B^abk^1 jbklo ^ B^abk^2.

Bbol K^p ‘^abk^p plk fdr^ibp.

L^vlo ^ Bbol B^abk^1 j^vlo ^ B^abk^2.

RSQBOX: Blmf^ bi ‘lkqbkfal ab i^ pbdrka^ ‘^abk^ bk i^ mofjbo^. Di ‘lkqbkfal ab i^ mofjbo^ pb


mfboab. Kl «kf‘l nrb ab_bjlp ‘lkqbjmi^o bp nrb bi q^j^'l ab i^ pbdrka^ ‘^abk^ pb^ jbklo l fdr^i ^ i^
‘^abk^ alkab i^ ‘lmf^jlp. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

pqo‘mv(‘^abk^1,‘^abk^2);
pqo‘mv(‘^abk^1,‡qbuql‡);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 68 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

RSQKDM: Cbsrbisb i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ ‘^abk^ qbojfk^a^ bk kril. Di ‘^oƒ‘qbo kril kl pb ‘lkq^_fifw^.


Cbsrbisb rk s^ilo bkqbol nrb fkaf‘^ i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ ‘^abk^. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

s^of^_ib=pqoibk(‘^abk^);

RSQMB@S: Blk‘^qbk^ bi k«jbol ab ‘^o^‘qbobp ab i^ pbdrka^ ‘^abk^ bk i^ mofjbo^ ‘^abk^. K^


mofjbo^ kl mfboab i^ fkcloj^‘f“k. G^v nrb ‘lkqoli^o nrb i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ mofjbo^ ‘^abk^ ab_b qbkbo ilkdfqra
prcf‘fbkqb m^o^ dr^oa^o i^p alp ‘^abk^p. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

pqok‘^q(‘^abk^1,‘^abk^2,k| ab ‘^o^‘qbobp);

RSQMBLO: Bljm^o^ ^ic^_§qf‘^jbkqb rk k«jbol ab ‘^o^‘qbobp bkqob alp ‘^abk^p. Cbsrbisb


rk bkqbol pbd«k bi obpriq^al ab i^ ‘ljm^o^‘f“k. Klp s^ilobp absrbiqlp plk ilp jfpjlp nrb bk i^ crk‘f“k
pqo‘jm. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

pqok‘jm(‘^abk^1,‘^abk^2,k| ab ‘^o^‘qbobp);
pqok‘jm(‘^abk^1,‡qbuql‡,k| ab ‘^o^‘qbobp);

RSQMBOX: Blmf^ rk k«jbol ab ‘^o^‘qbobp ab i^ pbdrka^ ‘^abk^ ^ i^ mofjbo^. Dk i^ mofjbo^


‘^abk^ pb mfboabk ^nrbiilp ‘^o^‘qbobp nrb pb ‘lmf^k ab i^ pbdrka^. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

pqok‘mv(‘^abk^1,‘^abk^2,k| ab ‘^o^‘qbobp);
pqok‘mv(‘^abk^1,‡qbuql‡,k| ab ‘^o^‘qbobp);

RSQQBGQ: Cbsrbisb rk mrkqbol ^ i^ «iqfj^ l‘roobk‘f^ abi ‘^oƒ‘qbo _rp‘^al bk i^ ‘^abk^. Rf


kl il bk‘rbkqo^ absrbisb rk mrkqbol kril. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

pqoo‘eo(‘^abk^,–‘^oƒ‘qbo–);
pqoo‘eo(†qbuql‡,–‘^oƒ‘qbo–);

RSQOAQJ: Cbsrbisb rk mrkqbol ^i mofjbo ‘^oƒ‘qbo ab i^ ‘^abk^ nrb ‘lfk‘fa^ ‘lk ^id«k
‘^oƒ‘qbo ab i^ ‘^abk^ ^ _rp‘^o. Rf kl e^v ‘loobpmlkabk‘f^ absrbisb rk mrkqbol kril. B^_b‘bo^ <pqofkd.e>.

pqom_oh(†qbuql‡,‡‘^abk^]ab]_rpnrba^‡);
pqom_oh(‘^abk^,‘^abk^]ab]_rpnrba^);

SNKNVDQ: Cbsrbisb bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo bnrfs^ibkqb ^i ab i^ s^of^_ib bk jfk«p‘ri^p, pf i^ s^of^_ib bp


rk^ ibqo^ v i^ abg^ ‘ljl bpq^ pf i^ ibqo^ bpq^ bk jfk«p‘ri^p. B^_b‘bo^ <‘qvmb.e>.

s^of^_ib]‘e^o=qliltbo(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

SNTOODQ: Cbsrbisb bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo bnrfs^ibkqb ^i ab i^ s^of^_ib bk j^v«p‘ri^p, pf i^ s^of^_ib bp


rk^ ibqo^ v i^ abg^ ‘ljl bpq^ pf i^ ibqo^ bpq^ bk jfk«p‘ri^p. B^_b‘bo^ <‘qvmb.e>.

s^of^_ib]‘e^o=qlrmmbo(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

(-(/2.1: Blmf^, ‘lk‘^qbk^, jfab b fkf‘f^ifw^ ‘^abk^p.

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <pqofkd.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘e^o *lofdbk,abpqfklZ20\;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo Nofdbk: ");
dbqp(lofdbk);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 69 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

pqo‘mv(abpqfkl,lofdbk);
mofkqc("%p[k%p[k[k",abpqfkl,lofdbk);
dbq‘e();
jbjpbq(abpqfkl,’[0’,20);
jbjpbq(abpqfkl,’u’,6);

fc(pqoibk(lofdbk)<14)
x
mofkqc("Rb mrbabk ‘lk‘^qbk^o[k");
pqo‘^q(abpqfkl,lofdbk);
z
bipb
mofkqc("Ml pb mrbabk ‘lk‘^qbk^o[k");

mofkqc("%p",abpqfkl);
dbq‘e();
z
(-(/2.1: Ofab rk^ ‘lkqo^pb'^ ab bkqo^a^. Krbdl mfab 10 ‘“afdlp ab 6 a¤dfqlp. Olo «iqfjl mfab ilp 3
mofjbolp a¤dfqlp ab ilp ‘“afdlp nrb abpb^p sbo.

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<pqofkd.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq ‘lkq;
‘e^o sbo]‘lafdlZ4\;
‘e^o ‘lkqo^Z6\="^_‘ab";
‘e^o qr]‘lkqo^Z6\;
‘e^o ‘lafdlpZ10\Z7\;
‘iop‘o();

mofkqc("BNMSQ@RD£@ ");
dbqp(qr]‘lkqo^);
‘iop‘o();

fc(pqo‘jm(qr]‘lkqo^,‘lkqo^))
x
mofkqc("DQQNQ");
abi^v(2000);
bufq(0);
z

mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo Blafdlp[k");
clo(‘lkq=0;‘lkq<10;‘lkq++)
x
mofkqc("%2.2a: ",‘lkq+1);
dbqp(‘lafdlpZ‘lkq\);
z

‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("‘“afdl ^ ifpq^o? ");
dbqp(sbo]‘lafdl);

clo(‘lkq=0;‘lkq<10;‘lkq++)
x

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 70 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

fc(!pqok‘jm(sbo]‘lafdl,‘lafdlpZ‘lkq\,3))
mofkqc("%p[k",‘lafdlpZ‘lkq\);
z
dbq‘e();
z

(-(/2.1: Dk bi ‘r^aol ab i^ fwnrfboa^ _rp‘^ i^ mofjbo^ ‘lfk‘fabk‘f^ v jrbpqo^ i^ ‘^abk^ ^ m^oqfo ab


bp^ ‘lfk‘fabk‘f^. Dk bi ‘r^aol ab i^ abob‘e^ _rp‘^ i^ «iqfj^ ‘lfk‘fabk‘f^ v jrbpqo^ i^ ‘^abk^ ^ m^oqfo ab bpb
mrkql.

#include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h> #include<string.h>

void main(void) void main(void)


{ {
char letra; char letra;
char *resp; char *resp;
char cad[30]; char cad[30]; clrscr();
clrscr();
printf("Cadena: ");
printf("Cadena: "); gets(cad);
gets(cad); printf("Buscar Letra: ");
printf("Buscar Letra: "); letra=getchar();
letra=getchar();
resp=strrchr(cad,letra);
resp=strchr(cad,letra);
if(resp)
if(resp) printf("%s",resp);
printf("%s",resp); else
else printf("No Esta");
printf("No Esta");
getch();
getch(); }
}

DIDLOKN: Dk bpqb bgbjmil pb _rp‘^ bk rk^ ‘^abk^ ^ m^oqfo ab rk dorml ab ‘^o^‘qbobp. Rf kl bk‘rbkqo^
‘lfk‘fabk‘f^ ‘lk kfkdrk^ ibqo^ bk i^ ‘^abk^ jrbpqo^ rk jbkp^gb ab boolo.

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<pqofkd.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘e^o ibqo^pZ5\;
‘e^o *obpm;
‘e^o ‘^aZ30\;
‘iop‘o();

mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo ‘^abk^: ");dbqp(‘^a);


mofkqc("Olpf_ibp ibqo^p(4): ");dbqp(ibqo^p);
obpm=pqom_oh(‘^a,ibqo^p);

fc(obpm)
mofkqc("%p",obpm);
bipb
mofkqc("Doolo");
dbq‘e();
z
ETMBHNMDR L@SDL~SHB@R

Di bpqƒka^o B abcfkb 22 crk‘flkbp j^qbjƒqf‘^p nrb bkqo^k bk i^p pfdrfbkqbp ‘^qbdlo¤^p, MKECIHIGUMKE?=L,
DEJAK>XFE?=L, FIC=KVMGE?=L, bumlkbk‘f^ibp v lqo^p. Sla^p i^ crk‘flkbp obnrfbobk bi ^o‘efsl ab ‘^_b‘bo^

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 71 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

L@SG.G. Rf rk ^odrjbkql ab rk^ crk‘f“k j^qbjƒqf‘^ kl pb bk‘rbkqo^ bk bi o^kdl m^o^ bi nrb bpq^ abcfkfal,
abslisboƒ rk s^ilo abcfkfal DCNL.

@BNR: Cbsrbisb rk qfml @IN>FA. Lrbpqo^ bi ^o‘l‘lpbkl ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib ab_b pbo ab qfml
@IN>FA v ab_b bpq^o bk bi o^kdl ›1 v 1, bk lqol ‘^pl pb molar‘b rk boolo ab aljfkfl. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib ^‘lp(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);

@RHM: Cbsrbisb rk qfml @IN>FA. Lrbpqo^ bi ^o‘lpbkl ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib ab_b pbo ab qfml
@IN>FA v ab_b bpq^o bk bi o^kdl ›1 v 1, bk lqol ‘^pl pb molar‘b rk boolo ab aljfkfl. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib ^pfk(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);

@S@M: Cbsrbisb rk qfml @IN>FA. Lrbpqo^ bi ^o‘lq^kdbkqb ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib ab_b pbo ab
qfml @IN>FA v ab_b bpq^o bk bi o^kdl ›1 v 1, bk lqol ‘^pl pb molar‘b rk boolo ab aljfkfl. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib ^q^k(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);

BNR: Cbsrbisb rk qfml @IN>FA. Lrbpqo^ bi ‘lpbkl ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib ab_b pbo ab qfml
@IN>FA v ab_b bpq^o bumobp^a^ bk o^af^kbp. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib ‘lp(s^of^_ib]alr_ib]o^af^kbp);

RHM: Cbsrbisb rk qfml @IN>FA. Lrbpqo^ bi pbkl ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib ab_b pbo ab qfml @IN>FA
v ab_b bpq^o bumobp^a^ bk o^af^kbp. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib pfk(s^of^_ib]alr_ib]o^af^kbp);

S@M: Cbsrbisb rk qfml @IN>FA. Lrbpqo^ i^ q^kdbkqb ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib ab_b pbo ab qfml
@IN>FA v ab_b bpq^o bumobp^a^ bk o^af^kbp. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib q^k(s^of^_ib]alr_ib]o^af^kbp);

BNRG: Cbsrbisb rk qfml @IN>FA. Lrbpqo^ bi ‘lpbkl efmbo_“if‘l ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib ab_b pbo
ab qfml @IN>FA v ab_b bpq^o bk bi o^kdl ›1 v 1, bk lqol ‘^pl pb molar‘b rk boolo ab aljfkfl. B^_b‘bo^ ab_b pbo
<j^qe.e>.
alr_ib ‘lpe(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);

RHMG: Cbsrbisb rk qfml @IN>FA. Lrbpqo^ bi pbkl efmbo_“if‘l ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib ab_b pbo ab
qfml @IN>FA v ab_b bpq^o bk bi o^kdl ›1 v 1, bk lqol ‘^pl pb molar‘b rk boolo ab aljfkfl. B^_b‘bo^ ab_b pbo
<j^qe.e>.

alr_ib pfke(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);
S@MG: Cbsrbisb rk qfml @IN>FA. Lrbpqo^ i^ q^kdbkqb efmbo_“if‘l ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib ab_b
pbo ab qfml @IN>FA v ab_b bpq^o bk bi o^kdl ›1 v 1, bk lqol ‘^pl pb molar‘b rk boolo ab aljfkfl. B^_b‘bo^ ab_b
pbo <j^qe.e>.
alr_ib q^ke(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);

DIDLOKN:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<j^qe.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
alr_ib o^af^kbp;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 72 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

‘iop‘o();

mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo o^af^kbp: ");


p‘^kc("%c",&o^af^kbp);

mofkqc("Blpbkl= %c[k",‘lp(o^af^kbp));
mofkqc("Rbkl= %c[k",pfk(o^af^kbp));
mofkqc("S^kdbkqb= %c",q^k(o^af^kbp));
dbq‘e();
z

BDHK: Cbsrbisb rk alr_ib nrb obmobpbkq^ bi jbklo bkqbol pfk pbo jbklo ab i^ s^of^_ib
obalkab^a^. Olo bgbjmil, a^al 1.02 absrbisb 2.0. Rf ^pfdk^jlp ›1.02 absrbisb ›1. Dk obprjbk obalkab^ i^
s^of^_ib ^ i^ ^iq^. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib ‘bfi(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);

EKNNQ: Cbsrbisb rk alr_ib nrb obmobpbkq^ bi bkqbol j^vlo nrb kl pb^ j^vlo ^ i^ s^of^_ib
obalkab^a^. Olo bgbjmil a^al 1.02 absrbisb 1.0. Rf ^pfdk^jlp ›1.2 absrbisb ›2. Dk obprjbk obalkab^ i^
s^of^_ib ^ i^ _^g^. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib cillo(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);

E@AR: Cbsrbisb rk s^ilo cil^q l alr_ib. Cbsrbisb bi s^ilo ^_plirql ab rk^ s^of^_ib cil^q. Rb
‘lkpfabo^ rk^ crk‘f“k j^qbjƒqf‘^, mbol pr ‘^_b‘bo^ bp <pqaif_.e>.

s^o]cil^q c^_p(s^of^_ib]cil^q);

K@AR: Cbsrbisb rk s^ilo ilkd. Cbsrbisb bi s^ilo ^_plirql ab rk^ s^of^_ib ilkd. Rb ‘lkpfabo^ rk^
crk‘f“k j^qbjƒqf‘^, mbol pr ‘^_b‘bo^ bp <pqaif_.e>.

s^o]ilkd i^_p(s^of^_ib]ilkd);

@AR: Cbsrbisb rk s^ilo bkqbol. Cbsrbisb bi s^ilo ^_plirql ab rk^ s^of^_ib fkq. Rb ‘lkpfabo^ rk^
crk‘f“k j^qbjƒqf‘^, mbol pr ‘^_b‘bo^ bp <pqaif_.e>.

s^o]cil^q ^_p(s^of^_ib]cil^q);
LNCE: Cbsrbisb rk alr_ib. Cbp‘ljmlkb i^ s^of^_ib bk pr m^oqb bkqbo^ v co^‘‘flk^of^. K^ m^oqb
ab‘fj^i bp bi s^ilo nrb absrbisb i^ crk‘f“k, pr m^oqb bkqbo^ i^ dr^oa^ bk bi pbdrkal qbojfkl ab i^ crk‘f“k. K^
s^of^_ibp qfbkbk nrb pbo l_ifd^qlof^jbkqb ab qfml alr_ib. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

s^o]alr_ib]abfj^i= jlac(s^of^_ib,s^o]m^oqb]bkqbo^);

ONV: Cbsrbisb rk alr_ib. Qb^ifw^ i^ mlqbk‘f^ ab rk k«jbol _^pb bibs^al ^ rk bumlkbkqb nrb
klplqolp ib fkaf‘^jlp. Rb molar‘b rk boolo pf i^ _^pb bp ‘bol l bi bumlkbkqb bp jbklo l fdr^i ^ ‘bol. K^
‘^_b‘bo^ bp <j^qe.e>.

s^o]alr_ib=mlt(_^pb]alr_ib,bumlkbkqb]alr_ib);

RPQS: Cbsrbisb rk alr_ib. Qb^ifw^ i^ o^¤w ‘r^ao^a^ ab i^ s^of^_ib. K^ s^of^_ib kl mrbab pbo
kbd^qfs^, pf il bp pb molar‘b rk boolo ab aljfkfl. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

s^o]alr_ib=pnoq(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 73 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<j^qe.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
cil^q krj;
alr_ib krj]ab‘,krj]bkq;

‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo Mrjbol: ");
p‘^kc("%c",&krj);

dlqluv(9,3);mofkqc("@KSN: %.1c",‘bfi(krj));
dlqluv(1,4);mofkqc("QDCNMCDN");
dlqluv(9,5);mofkqc("A@IN: %.1c",cillo(krj));

krj]ab‘=jlac(krj,&krj]bkq);
dlqluv(12,8);mofkqc("DMSDQ@: %.2c",krj]bkq);
dlqluv(1,9);mofkqc("CDRBNMONMFN");
dlqluv(12,10);mofkqc("CDBHL@K: %.2c",krj]ab‘);

dlqluv(1,13);
mofkqc("U@KNQ @ARNKTSN: %.2c",c^_p(krj));
dlqluv(1,16);
mofkqc("Q.BT@CQ@C@: %.2c",pnoq(c^_p(krj)));

dbq‘e();
z

KNF: Cbsrbisb rk alr_ib. Qb^ifw^ bi ild^ofqjl k^qro^i (kbmbof^kl) ab i^ s^of^_ib. Rb molar‘b rk


boolo ab aljfkfl pf i^ s^of^_ib bp kbd^qfs^ v rk boolo ab o^kdl pf bp ‘bol. B^_b‘bo^ <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib ild(s^of^_ib]alr_ib);

KNF10: Cbsrbisb rk s^ilo alr_ib. Qb^ifw^ bi ild^ofqjl ab‘fj^i ab i^ s^of^_ib ab qfml alr_ib. Rb
molar‘b rk boolo ab aljfkfl pf i^ s^of^_ib bp kbd^qfsl v rk boolo ab o^kdl pf bi s^ilo bp ‘bol. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ nrb
rqfifw^ bp <j^qe.e>.

alr_ib ild10(s^o]alr_ib);

Q@LCNLHYD(): Hkf‘f^ifw^ i^ pbjfii^ m^o^ dbkbo^o k«jbolp ^ib^qloflp. Tqfifw^ i^p crk‘flkbp ab
qfbjml m^o^ ‘ob^o bp^ pbjfii^. Dpq^ crk‘f“k bpq^ obi^‘flk^a^ ‘lk o^kalj. B^_b‘bo^ <pqaif_.e>.

slfa o^kaljfwb();

Q@MCNL: Cbsrbisb rk bkqbol. Fbkbo^ rk k«jbol bkqob 0 v i^ s^of^_ib jbklp rkl. Tqfifw^
bi obilg abi loabk^alo m^o^ fo dbkbo^kal bplp s^ilobp. Di moldo^j^ ab_b iibs^o i^ crk‘f“k o^kaljfwb m^o^
‘^j_f^o i^ pbjfii^ bk ‘^a^ bgb‘r‘f“k. B^_b‘bo^ <pqaif_.e>.

fkq o^kalj(s^of^_ib]fkq);

(-(/2.1: Fbkbo^ pbfp k«jbolp ^ib^qloflp bkqob 1 v 49. Ml pb obmfqb kfkdrkl ab biilp.

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <pqaif_.e>

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 74 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq krj=0,krj1=0,obmb,qbjm;
fkq s^ilobpZ6\;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("Klqbof^ mofjfqfs^: ");
o^kaljfwb();
clo(;;)
x
obmb=1;
fc(krj==6)
_ob^h;

qbjm=o^kalj(49)+1;
clo(krj1=0;krj1<=krj;krj1++)
x
fc(s^ilobpZkrj1\==qbjm)
x
s^ilobpZkrj1\=qbjm;
krj--;
obmb=0;
_ob^h;
z
z
fc (obmb==1)
s^ilobpZkrj\=qbjm;

krj++;
z

clo(krj=0;krj<6;krj++)
mofkqc("%a ",s^ilobpZkrj\);
dbq‘e();
z

ETMBHNMDR CD BNMUDQRH⁄M

Dk bi bpqƒka^o ab B pb abcfkbk crk‘flkbp m^o^ ob^ifw^o ‘lksbopflkbp bkqob s^ilobp krj§of‘lp v ‘^abk^p
ab ‘^o^‘qbobp. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ ab qla^p bpq^p crk‘flkbp bp RSCKHA.G. Rb mrbabk afsfafo bk alp dormlp, ‘lksbopf“k
ab s^ilobp krj§of‘lp ^ ‘^abk^ v ‘lksbopf“k ab ‘^abk^ ^ s^ilobp krj§of‘lp.

@SNH: Cbsrbisb rk bkqbol. Dpq^ crk‘f“k ‘lksfboqb i^ ‘^abk^ bk rk s^ilo bkqbol. K^ ‘^abk^ ab_b
‘lkqbkbo rk k«jbol bkqbol sƒifal, pf kl bp ^p¤ bi s^ilo absrbiql nrba^ fkabcfkfal. K^ ‘^abk^ mrbab qbojfk^o
‘lk bpm^‘flp bk _i^k‘l, pfdklp ab mrkqr^‘f“k v lqolp nrb kl pb^k a¤dfqlp, i^ crk‘f“k ilp fdklo^. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^
bp <pqaif_.e>.
fkq ^qlf(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

@SNK: Cbsrbisb rk ilkd. Dpq^ crk‘f“k ‘lksfboqb i^ ‘^abk^ bk rk s^ilo ilkd. K^ ‘^abk^ ab_b
‘lkqbkbo rk k«jbol ilkd sƒifal, pf kl bp ^p¤ bi s^ilo absrbiql nrba^ fkabcfkfal. K^ ‘^abk^ mrbab qbojfk^o
‘lk bpm^‘flp bk _i^k‘l, pfdklp ab mrkqr^‘f“k v lqolp nrb kl pb^k a¤dfqlp, i^ crk‘f“k ilp fdklo^. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^
bp <pqaif_.e>.
ilkd ^qli(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

@SNE: Cbsrbisb rk alr_ib. Dpq^ crk‘f“k ‘lksfboqb i^ ‘^abk^ bk rk s^ilo alr_ib. K^ ‘^abk^ ab_b
‘lkqbkbo rk k«jbol alr_ib sƒifal, pf kl bp ^p¤ bi s^ilo absrbiql nrba^ fkabcfkfal. K^ ‘^abk^ mrbab qbojfk^o

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 75 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

‘lk bpm^‘flp bk _i^k‘l, pfdklp ab mrkqr^‘f“k v lqolp nrb kl pb^k a¤dfqlp, i^ crk‘f“k ilp fdklo^. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^
bp <pqaif_.e>.

alr_ib ^qlc(s^of^_ib]‘e^o);

ROQHMSE: Cbsrbisb rk^ ‘^abk^. Dpq^ crk‘f“k ‘lksfboqb ‘r^inrfbo qfml krj§of‘l ^ ‘^abk^.
O^o^ ‘lksboqfo ab k«jbol ^ ‘^abk^ e^v nrb fkaf‘^o bi qfml ab s^of^_ib krj§of‘^ v qbkbo mobpbkqb nrb i^
ilkdfqra ab i^ ‘^abk^ ab_b mlabo dr^oa^o i^ qlq^ifa^a abi k«jbol. @ajfqb q^j_f§k ilp cloj^qlp ab p^ifa^, bp
ab‘fo, nrb pb mrbab ‘ldbo afpqfkq^p m^oqbp abi k«jbol. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ bp <pqaif_.e>.

pmofkqc(s^o]‘^abk^,‡fabkqfcf‘^alo‡,s^o]krjbof‘^);

HSN@: Cbsrbisb rk^ ‘^abk^. K^ crk‘f“k ‘lksfboqb rk bkqbol bk pr ‘^abk^ bnrfs^ibkqb v pfq«^ bi
obpriq^al bk i^ ‘^abk^ abcfkfa^ bk pbdrkal qbojfkl ab i^ crk‘f“k. G^v nrb ^pbdro^opb nrb i^ ‘^abk^ pb il
prcf‘fbkqbjbkqb do^kab m^o^ dr^oa^o bi k«jbol. B^_b‘bo^ <pqaif_.e>.

fql^(s^o]bkqbol,s^o]‘^abk^,_^pb);

%$5( ’(5&4,2&,S0

2 Blksfboqb bi s^ilo bk _fk^ofl.

8 Blksfboqb bi s^ilo ^ N‘q^i.

10 Blksfboqb bi s^ilo ^ ab‘fj^i.

16 Blksfboqb bi s^ilo ^ ebu^ab‘fj^i.

KSN@: Cbsrbisb rk^ ‘^abk^. K^ crk‘f“k ‘lksfboqb rk ilkd bk pr ‘^abk^ bnrfs^ibkqb v pfq«^ bi
obpriq^al bk i^ ‘^abk^ abcfkfa^ bk pbdrkal qbojfkl ab i^ crk‘f“k. G^v nrb ^pbdro^opb nrb i^ ‘^abk^ pb il
prcf‘fbkqbjbkqb do^kab m^o^ dr^oa^o bi k«jbol. B^_b‘bo^ <pqaif_.e>.

iql^(s^o]ilkd,s^o]‘^abk^,_^pb);

DIDLOKN:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<pqaif_.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘e^o qbuqlZ4\;
‘e^o kqbuqZ10\,kqbuq1Z10\;
fkq krj;
cil^q qlq^i;
‘iop‘o();

mofkqc("Mrjbol ab 3 afdfqlp: ");


p‘^kc("%a",&krj);
ccirpe(pqafk);
mofkqc("B^abk^ krjbof‘^: ");
dbqp(kqbuq);
ccirpe(pqafk);
mofkqc("B^abk^ krjbof‘^: ");
dbqp(kqbuq1);
ccirpe(pqafk);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 76 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

pmofkqc(qbuql,"%a",krj);
mofkqc("%‘ %‘ %‘[k",qbuqlZ0\,qbuqlZ1\,qbuqlZ2\);

qlq^i=^qlc(kqbuq)+^qlc(kqbuq1);
mofkqc("%.3c",qlq^i);
dbq‘e();
z

ETMBHNMDR CD EDBG@ X GNQ@

Dpq^p crk‘flkbp rqfifw^k i^ fkcloj^‘f“k ab elo^ v cb‘e^ abi pfpqbj^ lmbo^qfsl. Rb abcfkbk s^of^p
crk‘flkbp m^o^ j^kbg^o i^ cb‘e^ v i^ elo^ abi pfpqbj^, ^p¤ ‘ljl ilp qfbjmlp qo^kp‘roofalp. Dpq^p crk‘flkbp
obnrfbobk bi ^o‘efsl ab ‘^_b‘bo^ SHLD.G. Dk bpqb ^o‘efsl ab ‘^_b‘bo^ pb abcfkbk ‘r^qol qfmlp ab bpqor‘qro^p
m^o^ j^kbg^o i^p crk‘flkbp ab cb‘e^ v elo^ (pfwb]q , ‘il‘h]q , qfjb]q , qfjb).

SHLD: Cbsrbisb i^ elo^ ^‘qr^i abi ‘^ibka^ofl abi pfpqbj^. Rf pb molar‘b rk boolo absrbisb ›1.
Tqfifw^ i^ bpqor‘qro^ qfjb]q ^ i^ ‘r^i ab_bjlp ^pfdk^o rk^ bqfnrbq^ nrb klp pbosfoƒ m^o^ qo^_^g^o ‘lk i^ cb‘e^ v
elo^. Olo pf pli^ kl e^‘b k^a^, kb‘bpfq^ lqo^p crk‘flkbp m^o^ jlpqo^o ilp a^qlp. B^_b‘bo^ <qfjb.e>.
qfjb]q klj_ob]bqfnrbq^;
.
.
klj_ob]bqfnrbq^=qfjb(MTKK);
BSHLD: Cbsrbisb rk mrkqbol ^ rk^ ‘^abk^ ‘lk rk cloj^ql a¤^ LAG=H= GAL DIK=#GEHNMIL#LACNH@I
=WI <H<". K^ elo^ abi pfpqbj^ pb l_qfbkb jbaf^kqb i^ crk‘f“k qfjb. B^_b‘bo^ <qfjb.e>.

mrkqbol=‘qfjb(&bqfnrbq^]bpqor‘qro^]qfjb]q);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<qfjb.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
qfjb]q cb‘e^]elo^;
‘iop‘o();
cb‘e^]elo^=qfjb(MTKK);
mofkqc(‘qfjb(&cb‘e^]elo^));
dbq‘e();
z

FDSSHLD: Cbsrbisb i^ elo^ abi pfpqbj^. Tqfifw^ i^ bpqor‘qro^ alpqfjb]q m^o^ dr^oa^o i^
fkcloj^‘f“k obcbobkqb ^ i^ elo^. @kqbp ab e^‘bo obcbobk‘f^ ^ i^ crk‘f“k e^v nrb ‘ob^o rk^ bqfnrbq^ ab i^
bpqor‘qro^. B^_b‘bo^ <alp.e>.

]alp]dbqqfjb(&bqfnrbq^]bpqor‘qro^]alpqfjb]q);

pqor‘q alpqfjb]qx
rkpfdkba elro;
rkpfdkba jfkrqb;
rkpfdkba pb‘lka;
rkpfdkba epb‘lka;
z

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 77 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<alp.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
pqor‘q alpqfjb]q el;
‘iop‘o();
]alp]dbqqfjb(&el);
mofkqc(" %a:%a:%a",el.elro,el.jfkrqb,el.pb‘lka);
dbq‘e();
z

FDSC@SD: Cbsrbisb i^ cb‘e^ abi pfpqbj^. Tqfifw^ i^ bpqor‘qro^ alpa^qb]q m^o^ dr^oa^o i^
fkcloj^‘f“k obcbobkqb ^ i^ cb‘e^. @kqbp ab e^‘bo obcbobk‘f^ ^ i^ crk‘f“k e^v nrb ‘ob^o rk^ bqfnrbq^ ab i^
bpqor‘qro^. B^_b‘bo^ <alp.e>.

]alp]dbqa^qb(&bqfnrbq^]bpqor‘qro^]alpa^qb]q);

pqor‘q alpa^qb]qx
rkpfdkba a^v;
rkpfdkba jlkqe;
rkpfdkba vb^o;
rkpfdkba a^vlctbbh;
z

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<alp.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
pqor‘q alpa^qb]q cb‘;
‘iop‘o();

]alp]dbqa^qb(&cb‘);
mofkqc("%a/%a/%a[k",cb‘.a^v,cb‘.jlkqe,cb‘.vb^o);
dbq‘e();
z

RDSSHLD: Obojfqb ‘^j_f^o i^ elo^ abi pfpqbj^. Tqfifw^ i^ bpqor‘qro^ alpqfjb]q m^o^ dr^oa^o
i^ fkcloj^‘f“k obcbobkqb ^ i^ elo^. @kqbp ab e^‘bo obcbobk‘f^ ^ i^ crk‘f“k e^v nrb ‘ob^o rk^ bqfnrbq^ ab i^
bpqor‘qro^. B^_b‘bo^ <alp.e>.

]alp]pbqqfjb(&bqfnrbq^]bpqor‘qro^]alpqfjb]q);

RDSC@SD: Obojfqb ‘^j_f^o i^ cb‘e^ abi pfpqbj^. Tqfifw^ i^ bpqor‘qro^ alpa^qb]q m^o^ dr^oa^o
i^ fkcloj^‘f“k obcbobkqb ^ i^ cb‘e^. @kqbp ab e^‘bo obcbobk‘f^ ^ i^ crk‘f“k e^v nrb ‘ob^o rk^ bqfnrbq^ ab i^
bpqor‘qro^. B^_b‘bo^ <alp.e>.

]alp]pbqa^qb(&bqfnrbq^]bpqor‘qro^]alpa^qb]q);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 78 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<alp.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
pqor‘q alpa^qb]q cb‘;
pqor‘q alpqfjb]q el;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo cb‘e^: ");
dlqluv(19,1);
p‘^kc("%r%*‘%r%*‘%r",&cb‘.a^v,&cb‘.jlkqe,&cb‘.vb^o);
mofkqc("Hkqolar‘fo elo^: ");
dlqluv(18,2);
p‘^kc("%r%*‘%r%*‘%r",&el.elro,&el.jfkrqb,&el.pb‘lka);

]alp]pbqqfjb(&el);
]alp]pbqa^qb(&cb‘);
z

CHEESHLD: Cbsrbisb rk alr_ib. K^ crk‘f“k absrbisb i^ afcbobk‘f^, bk pbdrkalp, bkqob rk^


elo^ fkf‘f^i v elo^ cfk^i. Rb obpq^o^ i^ elo^ cfk^i jbklp i^ elo^ fkf‘f^i. Sbkbjlp nrb l_qbkbo i^ elo^ ^i fkf‘f^o
rk mol‘bpl v ^i qbojfk^o bi mol‘bpl slisbobjlp ^ qlj^o i^ elo^. B^_b‘bo^ <qfjb.e>.

alr_ib afccqfjb(elo^]cfk^i,elo^]fkf‘f^i);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<qfjb.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
qfjb]q fkf‘fl, cfk^i;
alr_ib qfbjml,‘lkq;
‘iop‘o();
fkf‘fl=qfjb(MTKK);
clo(‘lkq=0;‘lkq<50000;‘lkq++)
‘iop‘o();
cfk^i=qfjb(MTKK);
qfbjml=afccqfjb(cfk^i,fkf‘fl);
mofkqc("Sfbjml: %.1c",qfbjml);
dbq‘e();
z

ETMBHNMDR CD RHRSDL@

Dpqb qbj^ qo^q^ pl_ob crk‘flkbp nrb, ab rk^ r lqo^ cloj^, bpqƒk jƒp mo“ufj^p ^i pfpqbj^ lmbo^qfsl nrb
i^p abjƒp crk‘flkbp ab i^ _f_iflqb‘^ bpqƒka^o ab B. Dpq^p crk‘flkbp mbojfqbk fkqbo^‘qr^o afob‘q^jbkqb ‘lk bi
pfpqbj^ lmbo^qfsl. K^p crk‘flkbp ab bpqb qbj^ fkqbo^‘q«^k ‘lk bi pfpqbj^ lmbo^qfsl CNR. Dpqb qfml ab
crk‘flkbp ^qfw^k bk rklp ‘^plp bi ^o‘efsl ab ‘^_b‘bo^ CNR.G v bk lqolp CHQ.G.

AHNR]DPTHOKHRS: Dpq^ crk‘f“k absrbisb rk s^ilo nrb bpmb‘fcf‘^ bi bnrfml bufpqbkqb bk i^


‘ljmrq^alo^. Dpb s^ilo bpqƒ ‘lafcf‘^al q^i ‘ljl pb jrbpqo^ ^ ‘lkqfkr^‘f“k.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 79 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

%,6 ’(5&4,2&,S0 (37,21

0 Sfbkb rkfa^abp ab afp‘l. --


1 Blk jf‘olmol‘bp^alo j^qbjƒqf‘l. --
0 0: 16J
0 1: 32J
2,3 S^j^'l Q@L bk i^ mi^‘^ _^pb.
1 0: 48J
1 1: 64J
0 0: kl rqfifw^al
0 1: 40u25AM ^a^m.‘lilo
4,5 Llal fkf‘f^i ab s¤abl.
1 0: 80u25AM ^a^m.‘lilo
1 1: 80u25^a^m.jlkl‘oljl
0 0: rk^
0 1: alp
6,7 M«jbol ab rkfa^abp ab afpnrbqb.
1 0: qobp
1 1: ‘r^qol
8 Befm CL@. 0
0 0 0: ‘bol
0 0 1: rkl
0 1 0: alp
0 1 1: qobp
9,10,11 M«jbol ab mrboqlp pbofb.
1 0 0: ‘r^qol
1 0 1: ‘fk‘l
1 1 0: pbfp
1 1 1: pfbqb
12 Blk ^a^mq^alo ab grbdlp. 1
13 Blk j“abj 1
0 0: ‘bol
0 1: rkl
14,15 M«jbol ab fjmobplo^p
1 0: alp
1 1: qobp

K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ nrb rqfifw^ bpq^ crk‘f“k bp <_flp.e>. Di jlal ab qo^_^g^o bp fdr^i^o i^ crk‘f“k ^ rk^
s^of^_ib pfk pfdkl, abpmr§p bi obpriq^al pb ib abpmi^w^ ^ ilp _fqp nrb klp fkqbobp^k m^o^ jlpqo^o i^ fkcloj^‘f“k.

s^o]pfkpfdkl=]_flp]bnrfmifpq();
s^o]pfkpfdkl >> k|]_fq;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 80 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<_flp.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
rkpfdkba krj]_fq;
‘iop‘o();
krj]_fq=]_flp]bnrfmifpq();
krj]_fq>>=6;
mofkqc("M| ab afpnrbqbo^p: %a",(krj]_fq & 3)+1);
dbq‘e();
z

FDSCHRJEQDD: Cbsrbisb i^ ‘^kqfa^a ab bpm^‘fl if_ob abi afp‘l bpmb‘fcf‘^al mlo i^ rkfa^a
(krjbo^a^p ^ m^oqfo ab 1 nrb ‘loobpmlkab ^ i^ rkfa^a @). Dpq^ crk‘f“k rqfifw^ i^ bpqor‘qro^ afphcobb]q. Di
bpm^‘fl il absrbisb fkaf‘^kal bi k«jbol ab ‘fifkaolp if_obp, m^o^ m^p^oil ^ _vqbp e^v nrb jriqfmif‘^oil mlo 512
v mlo 64. B^_b‘bo^ <alp.e>.
]alp]dbqafphcobb(rkfa^a,&bqfn]pqor‘q]afphcobb]q);

struct diskfree_t{ 8$.14 70,’$’


unsigned total_clusters;
unsigned avail_clusters; 1 @:
unsigned sectors_per_cluster; 2 A:
unsigned bytes_per_sector;
} 3 B:

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <alp.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
xpqor‘q afphcobb]q afp‘l;
cil^q q^j;
‘iop‘o();
]alp]dbqafphcobb(3,&afp‘l);
q^j= (cil^q)(afp‘l.^s^fi]‘irpqbop)*
(cil^q)(afp‘l.pb‘qlop]mbo]‘irpqbo)*
(cil^q)(afp‘l._vqbp]mbo]pb‘qlo);
mofkqc("S^j^'l Avqbp: %.0c[k",q^j);
mofkqc("S^j^'l Rb‘qlobp: %a",afp‘l.^s^fi]‘irpqbop);
dbq‘e();
z

FDSCQHUD: Cbsrbisb bi k«jbol ab i^ rkfa^a ab afp‘l ^‘qr^i abi pfpqbj^ v abg^ bi s^ilo bk i^
s^of^_ib fkq. Dpb s^ilo pb mrbab afp‘ofjfk^o mlo jbafl ab rk ptfq‘e l ‘ljl bk bi bgbjmil rqfifw^o
afob‘q^jbkqb rk mofkqc. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ <alp.e>.

]alp]dbqaofsb(&s^o]fkqbo^);

8$.14 70,’$’
1 @:
2 A:
3 B:

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 81 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<alp.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x fkq rkfa^a;
‘iop‘o();
]alp]dbqaofsb(&rkfa^a);
mofkqc("K^ rkfa^a ^‘qr^i bp: %‘",rkfa^a+’@’-1);
dbq‘e();
z

RDSCQHUD: K^ crk‘f“k ‘^j_f^ i^ rkfa^a ab afp‘l ^‘qr^i ^ i^ bpmb‘fcf‘^a^ mlo i^ s^of^_ib ab


qfml bkqbol. K^ crk‘f“k absrbisb bi k«jbol ab rkfa^abp abi pfpqbj^ bk bi bkqbol ^mrkq^al mlo i^ pbdrka^
s^of^_ib ab i^ crk‘f“k. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ <alp.e>.

]alp]pbqaofsb(s^o]fkq]rkfa^a,&s^o]fkq]rkfa^abp);

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<alp.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x rkpfdkba rkfq;
‘iop‘o();
]alp]pbqaofsb(3,&rkfq);
mofkqc("M| rkfa^abp: %r",rkfq);
dbq‘e();
z

FDSBTCHQ: Cbsrbisb rk bkqbol. K^ crk‘f“k l_qfbkb bi afob‘qlofl ^‘qr^i ab i^ rkfa^a nrb pb ib


bpmb‘fcf‘^ jbaf^kqb rk bkqbol. Dpq^ crk‘f“k absrbisb BDQN pf qlal pb molar‘b ‘loob‘q^jbkqb, bk ‘^pl
‘lkqo^ofl absrbisb rkl. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ bp <afo.e>.

fkq dbq‘roafo(fkq]rkfa^a,‘^abk^);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<alp.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x ‘e^o *afob‘qlo;
‘iop‘o();
dbq‘roafo(3,afob‘qlo);
mofkqc("Cfob‘qlofl: %p",afob‘qlo);
dbq‘e();
z

EHMCEHQRS/EHMCMDWS: K^ crk‘f“k cfkacfopq _rp‘^ bi mofjbo klj_ob ab ^o‘efsl nrb ‘lfk‘fa^ ‘lk
bi m^qo“k ab _«pnrba^. Di m^qo“k mrbab ‘lkqbkbo i^ rkfa^a ‘ljl bi ‘^jfkl alkab _rp‘^o. @abjƒp bi m^qo“k
mrbab fk‘irfo ilp ‘^o^‘qbobp ‘ljlafkbp * v }?. Rf pb bk‘rbkqo^ ^idrkl, obiibk^ ‘lk fkcloj^‘f“k i^ bpqor‘qro^
cfka]q.

fkq ]alp]cfkacfopq(m^qolk,^qof_,&bqfnrb]cfka]q);

K^ crk‘f“k cfkakbuq ‘lkqfkr^ i^ _«pnrba^ nrb e^v^ ‘ljbkw^al ‘lk cfkacfopq. Cbsrbisb BDQN bk
‘^pl ab §ufql v rk s^ilo CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf kl qfbkb §ufql i^ _«pnrba^. B^_b‘bo^ <alp.e>.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 82 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

fkq ]alp]cfkakbuq(&bqfnrbq^]cfka]q);

struct find_t{ $64,%761 ’(5&4,2&,S0


char reserved[21];
char attrib;
unsigned wr_time; ]@]MNQL@K @o‘efsl kloj^i.
unsigned wr_date;
long size; ]@]QCNMKX @o‘efsl p“il ib‘qro^
char name[13];
}
]@]GHCCDM @o‘efsl l‘riql.

]@]RXRSDL @o‘efsl abi pfpqbj^.

]@]UNKHC Dqfnrbq^ ab slirjbk.

]@]RTACHQ Rr_afob‘qlofl.

]@]@QBG Afq ab ^o‘efs^al ^‘qfs^al.

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<alp.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x pqor‘q cfka]q cf‘eb;
fkq cfk;
cfk=]alp]cfkacfopq("*.‘",]@]MNQL@K,&cf‘eb);
tefib(!cfk)
x mofkqc("%p %ia[k",cf‘eb.k^jb,cf‘eb.pfwb);
cfk=]alp]cfkakbuq(&cf‘eb);
z
dbq‘e();
z

QDLNUD: K^ crk‘f“k bifjfk^ bi ^o‘efsl bpmb‘fcf‘^al bk i^ s^of^_ib. Cbsrbisb BDQN pf


‘lkpfdrb bifjfk^o bi cf‘ebol, v LDMNR TMN pf pb molar‘b ^id«k boolo. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ <pqafl.e>.

fkq objlsb(s^of^_ib]‘^abk^);

QDM@LD: K^ crk‘f“k ‘^j_f^ bi klj_ob abi ^o‘efsl bpmb‘fcf‘^al bk mofjbo qbojfkl mlo bi
klj_ob ab i^ pbdrka^ s^of^_ib ‘^abk^. Di krbsl klj_ob kl ab_b ‘lfk‘fafo ‘lk kfkdrkl nrb bufpq^ bk bi
afob‘qlofl. Cbsrbisb BDQN pf qfbkb §ufql v CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf pb molar‘b ^id«k boolo. B^_b‘bo^
<pqafl.e>.

fkq obk^jb(s^o]klj_ob]^kqfdrl,s^o]klj_ob]krbsl);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk(fkq ^od‘, ‘e^o *^odsZ\)
x ‘iop‘o();
fc (^od‘!=3)
x mofkqc("Doolo bk ilp ^odrjbkqlp");
bufq(0);
z
fc(objlsb(^odsZ1\))
mofkqc("Di cf‘ebol kl bpq^[k");
fc(obk^jb(^odsZ2\,"krbsl.quq"))

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 83 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

mofkqc("Ml mrbal ‘^j_f^o klj_ob[k");


z

LJCHQ: Dpq^ crk‘f“k mbojfqb ‘ob^o afob‘qloflp. Di afob‘qlofl abmbkaboƒ ab ^nrbi alkab bpqbjlp
pfqr^alp ^ i^ elo^ ab ‘ob^oil. Cbsrbisb BDQN pf qlal e^ fal ‘loob‘q^jbkqb v CHRSHMSN ab ‘bol pf e^v
^id«k boolo. B^_b‘bo^ <afo.e>.

fkq jhafo(s^of^_ib]‘^abk^);

BGCHQ: Dpq^ crk‘f“k mbojfqb ‘^j_f^opb ab afob‘qlofl. G^v nrb fkaf‘^oib i^ orq^ ‘ljmibq^ m^o^
mlabo ‘^j_f^opb. Cbsrbisb BDQN pf qlal e^ fal ‘loob‘q^jbkqb v CHRSHMSN ab ‘bol pf e^v ^id«k boolo.
B^_b‘bo^ <afo.e>.

fkq ‘eafo(s^of^_ib]‘^abk^);

QLCHQ: Dpq^ crk‘f“k mbojfqb _loo^o bi afob‘qlofl nrb ib fkafnrbjlp. K^p ‘lkaf‘flkbp m^o^ _loo^o bi
afob‘qlofl bp nrb bpqb s^‘¤l v bpq^o bk bi afob‘qlofl nrb ib mob‘bab. Cbsrbisb BDQN pf qlal e^ fal
‘loob‘q^jbkqb v CHRSHMSN ab ‘bol pf e^v ^id«k boolo. B^_b‘bo^ <afo.e>.

fkq ojafo(s^of^_ib]‘^abk^);

RXRSDL: K^ crk‘f“k m^p^ i^ ‘^abk^ ‘ljl rk^ loabk m^o^ bi mol‘bp^alo ab “oabkbp abi pfpqbj^
lmbo^qfsl. Di s^ilo absrbiql mlo pvpqbj kloj^ijbkqb bp BDQN pf pb ob^ifw^ qlal ‘loob‘q^jbkqb v CHRSHMSN
ab ‘bol bk ‘r^inrfbo lqol ‘^pl. Ml bp jrv rqfifw^a^, ^i ii^j^oi^ mboabjlp qlal bi ‘lkqoli abi moldo^j^ v il
‘ldb bi pfpqbj^ lmbo^qfsl. O^o^ mol_^o bpq^ loabk bp kb‘bp^ofl p^ifo ^ LR-CNR. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ rqfifw^a^ bp
<pqaif_.e>.

fkq pvpqbj(s^of^_ib]‘^abk^);

RNTMC/MNRNTMC: K^ crk‘f“k plrka e^‘b nrb bi ^iq^slw abi loabk^alo ‘ljfbk‘b ^ mfq^o
‘lk rk^ cob‘rbk‘f^ abqbojfk^a^ mlo i^ s^of^_ib. Di ^iq^slw pbdrfoƒ mfq^kal e^pq^ nrb bi moldo^j^ ib^ rk^ i¤kb^
‘lk i^ crk‘f“k klplrka(). B^_b‘bo^ <alp.e>.

plrka(fkq]cob‘rbk‘f^);
klplrka();
(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <afo.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x ‘e^o *afob‘qlofl;
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("Mlj_ob abi afob‘qlofl: ");
dbqp(afob‘qlofl);
fc(!jhafo(afob‘qlofl))
mofkqc("Cfob‘qlofl ‘ob^al[k");
bipb
x
mofkqc("Ml pb mral ‘ob^o afob‘qlofl[k");
abi^v(1000);
bufq(0);
z
dbq‘e();
pvpqbj(†afo/m‡);
dbq‘e();
fc(!ojafo(afob‘qlofl))
mofkqc("[kCfob‘qlofl _loo^al[k");

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 84 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

bipb
x
mofkqc("[kMl pb mral _loo^o[k");
abi^v(1000);
bufq(0);
z
dbq‘e();
z

ETMBHNMDR FQ~EHB@R

Klp molqlqfmlp ab i^p crk‘flkbp doƒcf‘^p v ab m^kq^ii^ pb bk‘rbkqo^k bk FQ@OGHBR.G. Kl mofjbol nrb
e^v nrb qbkbo bk ‘rbkq^ plk ilp afpqfkqlp jlalp ab s¤abl m^o^ bi OB. Br^kal rqfifw^jlp crk‘flkbp doƒcf‘^p
e^v nrb fkf‘f^o bi jlal doƒcf‘l v bpql prmlkb rk ‘^j_fl bk i^p ‘lloabk^a^p bk m^kq^ii^ v bi q^j^'l.

K^ m^oqb jƒp mbnrb'^ ab i^ m^kq^ii^ afob‘‘flk^_ib mlo bi rpr^ofl bk jlal qbuql bp rk ‘^oƒ‘qbo . Dk
jlal doƒcf‘l bp bi mfubi. Nqol ^pmb‘ql bp nrb bk jlal doƒcf‘l i^ bpnrfk^ prmboflo fwnrfboa^ bk i^ ‘lloabk^a^
1,1 v ‘ljl bpnrfk^ fkcboflo abob‘e^ 24,80. Dk bi jlal doƒcf‘l i^ bpnrfk^ prmboflo fwnrfboa^ bp 0,0 v i^
bpnrfk^ fkcboflo abob‘e^ abmbkab abi jlal ab s¤abl. Rb mrab l_qbkbo jbaf^kqb i^p crk‘flkbp dbqj^uu() v
dbqj^uv().

KHRS@ CD BNKNQDR:

6(961 )10’1 ’(. 6(961 )10’1 *4Q),&1

8$.14 &1.14 8$.14 &1.14 8$.14 &1.14

0 Mbdol. 0 Mbdol. 0 Mbdol.

1 @wri. 1 @wri. 1 @wri.

2 Uboab. 2 Uboab. 2 Uboab.

3 B¤^k. 3 B¤^k. 3 B¤^k.

4 Qlgl. 4 Qlgl. 4 Qlgl.

5 L^dbkq^. 5 L^dbkq^. 5 L^dbkq^.

6 L^oo“k. 6 L^oo“k. 6 L^oo“k.

7 Fofp ‘i^ol. 7 Fofp ‘i^ol.

8 Fofp lp‘rol. 8 Fofp lp‘rol.

9 @wri Bi^ol. 9 @wri Bi^ol.

10 Uboab ‘i^ol. 10 Uboab ‘i^ol.

11 B¤^k ‘i^ol 11 B¤^k ‘i^ol

12 Qlgl ‘i^ol. 12 Qlgl ‘i^ol.

13 L^dbkq^ ‘i^ol 13 L^dbkq^ ‘i^ol

14 @j^ofiil. 14 @j^ofiil.

15 Ai^k‘l. 15 Ai^k‘l.

k|+128 O^om^ab^k.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 85 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

SDWSBNKNQ: Dpq^_ib‘b bi ‘lilo abi qbuql. Ml bp rk^ crk‘f“k doƒcf‘^. K^ s^of^_ib nrb qfbkb ‘ljl
m^oƒjbqol bpmb‘fcf‘^ bi ‘lilo, pb mrbab mlkbo rk^ s^of^_ib l afob‘q^jbkqb bi k| ab ‘lilo. Rb j^kqfbkb bpb ‘lilo
e^pq^ bi jljbkql bk nrb ibb lqol s^ilo m^o^ qbuq‘lilo. B^_b‘bo^ <‘lkfl.e>.

qbuq‘lilo(fkq ‘lilo);

BOQHMSE: Sfbkb i^ jfpj^ crk‘f“k v cloj^ql nrb mofkqc mbol jbaf^kqb bpq^ crk‘f“k bi qbuql
pb jrbpqo^ ‘lk bi ‘lilo bpmb‘fcf‘^al bk qbu‘lilo. B^_b‘bo^ <‘lkfl.e>.

‘mofkqc(†jbkp^gb‡);
‘mofkqc(†fabkqfcf‘^alo]cloj^ql‡,s^of^_ib);

SDWSA@BJFQNTMC: Dpq^_ib‘b bi ‘lilo ab clkal alkab pb s^ jlpqo^kal bi qbuql, plil ^m^ob‘b


‘r^kal e^v qbuql bp‘ofql. Rb mrbab rqfifw^o rk^ s^of^_ib l bi s^ilo krj§of‘l. Rb j^kqfbkb e^pq^ nrb ibb lqol
s^ilo m^o^ qbuq_^‘hdolrka. B^_b‘bo^ <‘lkfl.e>.

qbu_^‘hdolrka(fkq ‘lilo);

RDSBTQRNQSXOD: Dpq^ crk‘f“k bpq^_ib‘b bi qfml ab ‘roplo nrb pb s^ ^ sbo bk m^kq^ii^. Rb


j^kqfbkb e^pq^ bi jljbkql bk nrb ibb lqol s^ilo m^o^ bk i^ crk‘f“k pbq‘roploqvmb. @ajfqb qobp ‘lkpq^kqbp
abcfkfa^p bk bi ‘ljmfi^alo ab B. B^_b‘bo^ <‘lkfl.e>.

]pbq‘roploqvmb(‘lkpq^kqb]qfml]‘roplo);

&1056$06(5 ’( &74514

&1056$06( ’(5&4,2&,S0

]MNBTQRNQ Ml pb sb bi ‘roplo.

]RNKHCBTQRNQ Broplo do^kab.

]MNQL@KBTQRNQ Broplo kloj^i.

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <‘lkfl.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x ‘e^o ‘^abk^Z20\="eli^ nrb q^i";
‘iop‘o();
]pbq‘roploqvmb(]MNBTQRNQ);
qbuq_^‘hdolrka(4);
qbuq‘lilo(1);
‘mofkqc("%p",‘^abk^);
dbq‘e();
z

HMHBHN FQ@EHBN: @kqbp ab mlabo rqfifw^o ‘r^inrfbo^ ab i^p crk‘flkbp doƒcf‘^p e^v nrb
fkf‘f^o bi jlal doƒcf‘l. @i fkf‘f^o bi jlal doƒcf‘l e^v nrb fkaf‘^oib ‘r^i bp bi jlal ab s¤abl v bi afob‘qlofl
alkab bpqƒk i^p crk‘flkbp doƒcf‘^p bk B. O^o^ fkaf‘^o i^ q^ogbq^ v bi jlal pb rqfifw^k s^of^_ibp ab qfml bkqbol
^pfdkƒkalibp rk^ ‘lkpq^kqb ii^j^a^ CDSDBS. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 86 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

fkfqdo^me(&s^o]q^ogbq^,&s^o]jlal,‡afo]if_]do^cf‘^p‡);

FQ@OGQDRTKS: Tk^ sbw fkf‘f^al bi jlal doƒcf‘l ab_bjlp ‘ljmol_^o nrb pb e^ fkf‘f^al
‘loob‘q^jbkqb bi jlal doƒcf‘l m^o^ mlabo rqfifw^o i^p crk‘flkbp doƒcf‘^p pfk kfkd«k mol_ibj^. K^ crk‘f“k
absrbisb rk bkqbol nrb ab_bjlp ‘ljm^o^o ‘lk i^ ‘lkpq^kqb doNh, pf plk fdr^ibp bi jlal doƒcf‘l pb e^
fkf‘f^al ‘loob‘q^jbkqb.

s^of^_ib]fkq=do^meobpriq();

BDQQ@Q FQ@EHBN: Tk^ sbw nrb pb e^ qbojfk^al ab qo^_^g^o ‘lk i^p crk‘flkbp doƒcf‘^p pb
ab_b ‘boo^o pfbjmob bi jlal doƒcf‘l. Rf rk moldo^j^ qbojfk^ pfk ‘boo^o bi jlal doƒcf‘l bi pfpqbj^ lmbo^qfsl
j^kqbkaoƒ bi jlal doƒcf‘l. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

‘ilpbdo^me(); Nota: Si olvidamos cerrar el modo gráfico y


estamos en MS-DOS podemos utilizar la
orden mode co80 para restaurar el modo
texto en el sistema operativo.

BKD@QCDUHBD: Dpq^ crk‘f“k _loo^ i^ m^kq^ii^ rk^ sbw nrb pb e^ fkf‘f^ifw^al bi jlal doƒcf‘l. Rf pb
rqfifw^ i^ loabk ‘iop‘o plil pb ifjmf^o^ rk^ m^oqb ab i^ m^kq^ii^. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

‘ib^oabsf‘b();

RDSAJBNKNQ: Dpq^_ib‘b bi ‘lilo ab clkal bk i^ m^kq^ii^. G^v nrb fkaf‘^oib jbaf^kqb s^of^_ib l
s^ilo krj§of‘l. Br^kal pb _loo^ i^ m^kq^ii^ bpqb kl abp^m^ob‘b. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

pbq_h‘lilo(fkq]‘lilo);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <‘lkfl.e>
#fk‘irab <do^mef‘p.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq q^ogbq^= CDSDBS,jlal=CDSDBS;
fkq ‘lilo;
‘iop‘o();
fkfqdo^me(&q^ogbq^, &jlal, "‘:[[q‘[[_df");
fc(do^meobpriq()!=doNh)
x mofkqc("Doolo bk bi jlal do^cf‘l");
bufq(0);
z
‘ib^oabsf‘b();
clo(‘lilo=0;‘lilo<=15;‘lilo++)
x pbq_h‘lilo(‘lilo);
abi^v(1000);
z
‘ilpbdo^me();
z

RDSBNKNQ: Dpq^_ib‘b bi ‘lilo abi _loab ‘lk bi nrb s^k ^ jlpqo^opb ilp l_gbqlp doƒcf‘lp nrb pb
s^k mfkq^kal. Olo abcb‘ql ilp l_gbqlp ^m^ob‘b ‘lk bi _loab ab ‘lilo _i^k‘l. Di s^ilo nrb qfbkb i^ crk‘f“k bp rk
bkqbol. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

pbq‘lilo(fkq]‘lilo);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 87 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

RDSEHKKRSXKD: Dpq^_ib‘b bi bpqfil ab obiibkl ab ilp l_gbqlp. G^v nrb fkaf‘^o bi qfml v bi ‘lilo,
qbkfbkal bk ‘rbkq^ nrb bi ‘lilo ab_b pbo fdr^i ^i nrb bpq^_ib‘bjlp bk pbq‘lilo. Dpql pfjmibjbkqb bpq^_ib‘b bi
bpqfil. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

pbqcfiipqvib(fkq]bpqfil,fkq]‘lilo);

(56,.1 ’(5&4,2&,S0

1 R“ifal 100%

2 K¤kb^p elofwlkq^ibp dorbp^p.

3 K¤kb^p af^dlk^ibp cfk^p ///

4 K¤kb^p af^dlk^ibp dorbp^p ///

5 K¤kb^p af^dlk^ibp dorbp^p [[[

6 K¤kb^p af^dlk^ibp cfk^p [[[

7 K¤kb^p elofwlkq^ibp v sboqf‘^ibp ‘orw^a^p.

8 K¤kb^p af^dlk^ibp ‘orw^a^p.

9 K¤kb^p af^dlk^ibp ‘orw^a^p jrv grkq^p.

10 Orkqlp pbm^o^alp.

11 Orkqlp ‘bo‘^klp.

EKNNCEHKK: Qbiibk^ bi l_gbql nrb e^ pfal mfkq^al mobsf^jbkqb. G^v nrb fkaf‘^oib i^p jfpj^p
‘lloabk^p nrb qfbkb bi l_gbql v bi ‘lilo ab_b pbo fdr^i ^i _loab v ^i bpqfil ab obiibkl. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

cillacfii(fkq]u,fkq]v,fk]‘lilo);

BHQBTKN: Cf_rg^ rk ‘fo‘ril bk rk^ mlpf‘f“k fkaf‘^a^ jbaf^kqb i^p ‘lloabk^a^p u b v,


q^j_f§k e^v nrb fkaf‘^oib rk ‘lilo. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

‘fo‘ib(fkq]u,fkq]v,fkq]‘lilo);

QDBS@MFTKN: Cf_rg^ rk ob‘qƒkdril l ‘r^ao^al. Rb ib fkaf‘^ i^ mlpf‘f“k ab i^ bpnrfk^ prmboflo


fwnrfboa^ jbaf^kqb ilp s^ilobp u1,v1 v i^ bpnrfk^ fkcboflo abob‘e^ jbaf^kqb ilp s^ilobp ab u2,v2. B^_b‘bo^
<do^mef‘p.e>.

ob‘q^kdib(fkq]u1,fkq]v1,fkq]u2,fkq]v2);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <‘lkfl.e>
#fk‘irab <do^mef‘p.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq q^ogbq^= CDSDBS,jlal=CDSDBS;
fkq ‘lilo;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 88 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

fkfqdo^me(&q^ogbq^, &jlal, "‘:[[q‘[[_df");


fc(do^meobpriq()!=doNh)
x mofkqc("Doolo bk bi jlal do cf‘l");
bufq(0);
z

‘ib^oabsf‘b();
pbq‘lilo(3);
‘fo‘ib(200,200,90);
pbq‘lilo(14);
‘fo‘ib(500,200,90);
pbqcfiipqvib(3,14);
cillacfii(500,200,14);
ob‘q^kdib(300,100,400,300);

dbq‘e();
‘ilpbdo^me();
z

DRSHKN KHMD@: Rfosb m^o^ bpq^_ib‘bo bi qfml ab i¤kb^ ‘lk bi nrb pb s^k ^ mfkq^o ilp l_gbqlp. Klp
qfmlp ab i¤kb^ bpq^_ib‘bk ‘fk‘l s^ilobp abcfkfalp. S^j_f§k e^v nrb bpmb‘fcf‘^o bi ^k‘el v i^ pbm^o^‘f“k.
B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

pbqifkbpqvib(fkq qfml,fkq]pbm^o^‘flk,fkq]^k‘el);

8$.14 .,0($ ’(5&4,2&,S0

0 Blkqfkr^.

1 Frflkbp.

2 Frflkbp i^odlp v ‘loqlp.

3 Frflkbp i^odlp.
4 Orkqlp.

KHMD@R: Cf_rg^ rk^ i¤kb^ abpab i^ mlpf‘f“k alkab klp bk‘lkqo^jlp. Oofjbol ab_bjlp
mlpf‘flk^oklp bk i^ ‘lloabk^a^ ab fkf‘fl v abpmr§p ii^j^o ^ i^ crk‘f“k a^kal i^ ‘lloabk^a^ cfk^i jbaf^kqb 2
bkqbolp. Dk i^ pbdrka^ crk‘f“k afob‘q^jbkqb pb ib a^ bi ‘ljfbkwl v bi cfk^i. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

jlsbql(u,v);
ifkbql(u,v);
ifkb(u1,v1,u2,v2);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <‘lkfl.e>
#fk‘irab <do^mef‘p.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq q^ogbq^= CDSDBS,jlal=CDSDBS;
fkq ‘lilo,‘lloa]v,qfml]ifkb^=0;
‘iop‘o();
fkfqdo^me(&q^ogbq^, &jlal, "‘:[[q‘[[_df");
fc(do^meobpriq()!=doNh)
x
mofkqc("Doolo bk bi jlal do cf‘l");

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 89 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

bufq(0);
z
‘ib^oabsf‘b();
pbq‘lilo(14);
jlsbql(350,150);
ifkbql(350,250);

clo(‘lloa]v=150;‘lloa]v<=250;‘lloa]v+=25)
x pbqifkbpqvib(qfml]ifkb^,1,1);
ifkb(300,‘lloa]v,400,‘lloa]v);
qfml]ifkb^++;
z
dbq‘e();
‘ilpbdo^me();
z

DKHORDR: Cf_rg^ rk^ bifmpb l ^o‘l ab bifmpb. Rb ib fkaf‘^ i^ mlpf‘f“k jbaf^kqb ilp s^ilobp u, v. Di
ƒkdril fkf‘f^i (nrb bp ‘bol pf bp rk^ bifmpb) v bi ƒkdril cfk^i (nrb bp 360 pf bp rk^ bifmpb). G^v nrb fkaf‘^oib bi
o^afl m^o^ u v bi o^afl m^o^ v. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

biifmpb(u,v,^kd]fkf‘fl,^kd]cfk,o^afl]u,o^afl]v);

@QBNR: Cf_rg^ rk ^o‘l. e^v nrb fkaf‘^oib i^ mlpf‘f“k, bi ƒkdril fkf‘f^i v bi cfk^i v bi o^afl nrb qfbkb
af‘el ^o‘l. Slalp prp s^ilobp plk bkqbolp. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

^o‘(u,v,^kd]fkf‘f^i,^kd]cfk^i,o^afl);

OTMSNR: Ofkq^k rk mrkql bk rk^ ‘lloabk^a^ abqbojfk^a^ ‘lk rk ‘lilo bpq^_ib‘fal. G^v
nrb fkaf‘^oib i^p ‘lloabk^a^p v bi ‘lilo jbaf^kqb s^of^_ibp l s^ilobp bkqbolp. Rb mrab mfkq^o mrkqlp
^ib^qlof^jbkqb. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

mrqmfubi(fkq]u,fkq]v,fkq]‘lilo);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <‘lkfl.e>
#fk‘irab <do^mef‘p.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
xfkq q^ogbq^= CDSDBS,jlal=CDSDBS;
‘iop‘o();
fkfqdo^me(&q^ogbq^, &jlal, "‘:[[q‘[[_df");
fc(do^meobpriq()!=doNh)
x mofkqc("Doolo bk bi jlal do cf‘l");
bufq(0);
z
‘ib^oabsf‘b();
pbq‘lilo(2);
biifmpb(400,200,0,360,90,40);
pbq‘lilo(15);
^o‘(310,200,0,45,90);
pbq‘lilo(11);
ifkb(490,200,470,350);
ifkb(310,200,330,350);
pbq‘lilo(14);
biifmpb(400,350,180,360,70,25);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 90 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

dbq‘e();
‘ilpbdo^me();
z

RDSSDWSRSXKD: Dpq^_ib‘b bi bpqfil ab ibqo^ nrb pb s^ ^ rqfifw^o bk jlal doƒcf‘l. G^v nrb fkaf‘^oib
jbaf^kqb s^ilobp bkqbolp bi qfml, i^ afob‘‘f“k v bi q^j^'l nrb qfbkb i^ ibqo^. Di ‘lilo pb bpq^_ib‘b ‘lk i^ crk‘f“k
pbq‘lilo. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

pbqqbuqpqvib(fkq]qfml,‘lkpq]afob‘‘flk,fkq]q^j^'l);

6,21 ’( .(64$5 ’,4(&&,S0 ’(. 6(961

8$.14 ’(5&4,2&,S0 &1056! ’(5&4,2&,S0

0 @AB GNQHY]CHQ Dk Glofwlkq^i.

1 @AB UDQS]CHQ Dk Uboqf‘^i.

2 @AB

3 @AB

4 @AB

5 @AB

6 @AB

7 $%&

8 @AB

9 @ A B (q^j^'l do^kab).

10 @ A B (q^j^'l do^kab)

11 @AB

@KHMD@Q SDWSN: K^ crk‘f“k pbqqbuqgrpqfcv() ^ifkb^o^ bi qbuql ‘lk obpmb‘ql ^ i^p


‘lloabk^a^p alkab pb jrbpqo^ bi qbuql. Kl e^‘b bk elofwlkq^i v bk sboqf‘^i. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

pbqqbuqgrpqfcv(‘lkpq]elofwlkq^i,‘lkpq]sboqf‘^i);

+14,;106$. 8(46,&$.

&1056! ’(5&4,2&,S0 &1056! ’(5&4,2&,S0

KDES]SDWS @ifkb^‘f“k fwnrfboa^. SNO]SDWS @ifkb^‘f“k prmboflo.

BDMSDQ]SDWS @ifkb^‘f“k ‘bkqo^a^. BDMSDQ]SDWS @ifkb^‘f“k ‘bkqo^a^.

QHFGS]SDWS @ifkb^‘f“k abob‘e^. ANSSNL]SDWS @ifkb^‘f“k fkcboflo.

UDQ SDWSN: K^ crk‘f“k lrqqbuquv(), jrbpqo^ bi qbuql ab rk^ ‘^abk^ l bi ‘lkqbkfal ab rk^
s^of^_ib rqfifw^kal bi jlal doƒcf‘l. G^v nrb fkaf‘^oib i^ mlpf‘f“k jbaf^kqb alp s^ilobp bkqbolp v ^
‘lkqfkr^‘f“k i^ s^of^_ib l ‘^abk^ bkqob ‘ljfii^p. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

lrqqbuquv(u,v,s^of^_ib]‘^abk^);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 91 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

lrqqbuquv(u,v,‡qbuqql);
(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <‘lkfl.e>
#fk‘irab <do^mef‘p.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq q^ogbq^= CDSDBS,jlal=CDSDBS;
fkq qfml=0;
‘iop‘o();
fkfqdo^me(&q^ogbq^, &jlal, "‘:[[q‘[[_df");
fc(do^meobpriq()!=doNh)
x mofkqc("Doolo bk bi jlal do cf‘l");
bufq(0);
z
‘ib^oabsf‘b();
clo(qfml=0;qfml<=11;qfml++)
x pbqqbuqpqvib(qfml,GNQHY]CHQ,5);
lrqqbuquv(200,200,"@AB");
abi^v(1000);
‘ib^oabsf‘b();
z
‘ilpbdo^me();
z

BNOH@Q HL@FDM: Dufpqbk qobp crk‘flkbp doƒcf‘^p obi^‘flk^a^p bkqob pf, nrb mbojfqbk ‘lmf^o
v jlsbo l_gbqlp doƒcf‘lp mlo i^ m^kq^ii^. K^p qobp qfbkbk i^ ‘^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.‘>. Cb_bk bpq^o pfbjmob i^p qobp
m^o^ crk‘flk^o. Di jlal ab qo^_^gl bp: ‘lmf^o rk^ wlk^ ab i^ m^kq^ii^ ^ i^ jbjlof^ (rqfifw^kal rk mrkqbol),
^pfdk^o i^ jbjlof^ kb‘bp^of^ v, jlpqo^o i^ fj^dbk.

*(6,/$*(: Blmf^ bi ‘lkqbkfal abi ob‘qƒkdril abcfkfal mlo i^p ‘r^qol ‘lloabk^a^p (qfml fkq) v
il dr^oa^ bk jbjlof^ jbaf^kqb rk mrkqbol. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

dbqfj^db(u1,v1,u2,v2,mrkqbol);

,/$*(5,;(: Cbsrbisb bi q^j^'l bk _vqbp kb‘bp^oflp m^o^ ‘lkqbkbo i^ obdf“k bpmb‘fcf‘^a^ bk bi


ob‘qƒkdril ab i^ loabk dbqfj^db(). B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

s^of^_ib=fj^dbpfwb(u1,v1,u2,v2);

276,/$*(: Lrbpqo^ bk m^kq^ii^ rk^ fj^dbk l_qbkfa^ mlo dbqfj^db(). Di mrkqbol bp nrfbk
‘lkqfbkb i^ fj^dbk v i^ pfq«^ bk i^ mlpf‘f“k a^a^ mlo u,v. Di jlal bk nrb pb jrbpqo^ bpq^ abcfkfal mlo 5
‘lkpq^kqbp. B^_b‘bo^ <do^mef‘p.e>.

mrqfj^db(u,v,mrkqbol,jlal);

&1056! 8$.14 ’(5&4,2&,S0

BNOX]BTS 0 Blmf^ i^ fj^dbk.

WNQ]OTS 1 Aloo^ i^ fj^dbk ^kqboflo.

NQ]OTS 2 Lbw‘i^ i^p fjƒdbkbp.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 92 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

@MC]OTS 3 Lrbpqo^ bk‘fj^ ab i^ ^kqboflo.

MNS]OTS 4 Blmf^ bk ‘lilo fksbopl.

(-(/2.1: Lrbpqo^ rk ‘fo‘ril a^kal p^iql mlo i^ m^kq^ii^.

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<pqaif_.e>
#fk‘irab<do^mef‘p.e>

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
fkq q^ogbq^=CDSDBS,jlal=CDSDBS,cfi,‘li;
ilkd q^j;
‘e^o *fj^dbk;

fkfqdo^me(&q^ogbq^,&jlal,"‘:[[q‘[[_df");
fc(do^meobpriq()!=doNh)
x
mofkqc("Doolo bk jlal do^cf‘l");
bufq(0);
z
‘ib^oabsf‘b();
‘fo‘ib(100,100,40);
q^j=fj^dbpfwb(50,50,150,150);
fj^dbk=j^iil‘(q^j);
dbqfj^db(50,50,150,150,fj^dbk);
‘ib^oabsf‘b();

tefib(!h_efq())
x
abi^v(400);
mrqfj^db(‘li,cfi,fj^dbk,WNQ]OTS);
abi^v(400);
mrqfj^db(‘li,cfi,fj^dbk,WNQ]OTS);
‘li=o^kalj(dbqj^uu());
cfi=o^kalj(dbqj^uv());
z
‘ilpbdo^me();
z

EHBGDQNR

Di pfpqbj^ ab ^o‘efslp ab B bpqƒ afpb'^al m^o^ pb‘rbk‘f^p nrb plk fkabmbkafbkqbp abi afpmlpfqfsl.
Dufpqbk alp qfmlp pb pb‘rbk‘f^p: @A MAPMI nrb bp rk^ ofpqo^ ab ‘^o^‘qbobp lod^kfw^alp bk i¤kb^p qbojfk^a^p mlo bi
‘^oƒ‘qbo p^iql ab i¤kb^. Rb‘rbk‘f^ >EH=KE= nrb bp rk^ ofpqo^ ab _vqbp ‘lk rk^ ‘loobpmlkabk‘f^ rkl ^ rkl ‘lk ilp
afpmlpfqfslp. Dk bpbk‘f^ B qo^_^g^ ‘lk alp qfmlp ab ^o‘efsl LA?NAH?E=FAL (qbuql) v >EH=KEIL (obdfpqolp).

Sla^p i^p lmbo^‘flkbp ab cf‘ebolp pb ob^ifw^k ^ qo^s§p ab ii^j^a^p ^ crk‘flkbp nrb bpqƒk abcfkfa^p bk bk
cf‘ebol ab ‘^_b‘bo^ BNMHN.G l HN.G. Dpql mbojfqb rk^ do^k cibuf_fifa^a v c^‘fifa^a ^ i^ elo^ ab qo^_^g^o
‘lk cf‘ebolp.

Lbaf^kqb rk^ lmbo^‘f“k ab ^mboqro^ pb ^pl‘f^ rk^ pb‘rbk‘f^ ^ rk ^o‘efsl bpmb‘fcf‘^al, bpq^ lmbo^‘f“k
ab ^mboqro^ pb ob^ifw^ jbaf^kqb rk mrkqbol ab qfml EHKD alkab bpqƒk abcfkfa^p i^p ‘^o^‘qbo¤pqf‘^p abi cf‘ebol
(klj_ob, bpq^al, mlpf‘f“k,¶). Tk^ sbw ^_fboql bi cf‘ebol bp‘of_fobjlp v p^‘^objlp fkcloj^‘f“k jbaf^kqb i^p
crk‘flkbp fjmibjbkq^a^p v mlo «iqfjl ‘boo^objlp ilp cf‘ebolp ^_fboqlp.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 93 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

@AQHQ EHBGDQN: K^ crk‘f“k clmbk ^_ob rk^ pb‘rbk‘f^ m^o^ nrb mrba^ pbo rqfifw^a^ v
sfk‘ri^a^ ‘lk rk ^o‘efsl. Cbpmr§p absrbisb bi mrkqbol ^i ^o‘efsl ^pl‘f^al, pf bp MTKK bp nrb pb e^
molar‘fal rk boolo bk i^ ^mboqro^. Rb rqfifw^ rk mrkqbol ab qfml EHKD m^o^ ^_ofo bpb cf‘ebol. Rfosb m^o^ ilp alp
qfmlp ab cf‘ebolp. B^_b‘bo^ <pqafl.e>.

EHKD *klj_ob]mrkqbol]cf‘ebol;
clmbk(‘e^o]klj_ob]^o‘efsl,‘e^o]jlal]^mboqro^);

/1’15 ’( $2(4674$

8$.14 ’(5&4,2&,S0

o @_ob rk ^o‘efsl ab qbuql m^o^ ib‘qro^.

t Bob^ rk ^o‘efsl ab qbuql m^o^ bp‘ofqro^.

^ @_ob rk ^o‘efsl ab qbuql m^o^ ^'^afo fkcloj^‘f“k.

o_ @_ob rk ^o‘efsl _fk^ofl m^o^ ib‘qro^.

t_ Bob^ rk ^o‘efsl _fk^ol m^o^ bp‘ofqro^.

^_ @_ob rk ^o‘efsl _fk^ofl m^o^ ^'^afo fkcloj^‘f“k.

o+ @_ob rk ^o‘efsl ab qbuql m^o^ ib‘qro^ / bp‘ofqro^.

t+ Bob^ rk ^o‘efsl ab qbuql m^o^ ib‘qro^ / bp‘ofqro^.

^+ @_ob l Bob^ rk ^o‘efsl ab qbuql m^o^ ^'^afo fkcloj^‘f“k.

o+_ @_ob rk ^o‘efsl _fk^ofl m^o^ ib‘qro^ / bp‘ofqro^.

t+_ Bob^ rk ^o‘efsl _fk^ol m^o^ ib‘qro^ / bp‘ofqro^.

^+_ @_ob l Bob^ rk ^o‘efsl _fk^ofl m^o^ ^'^afo fkcloj^‘f“k

BHDQQD EHBGDQN: Tk^ sbw qbojfk^a^p i^p lmbo^‘flkbp ab bp‘ofqro^ v ib‘qro^ e^v nrb ‘boo^o
i^ pb‘rbk‘f^ (^o‘efsl). Rb ob^ifw^ jbaf^kqb i^ ii^j^a^ ^ i^ crk‘f“k c‘ilpb() nrb ‘fboo^ rk cf‘ebol abqbojfk^al l
c‘ilpb^ii() nrb ‘fboo^ qlalp ilp ^o‘efslp ^_fboqlp. Dpq^p crk‘flkbp bp‘of_b i^ fkcloj^‘f“k nrb qla^s¤^ pb
bk‘rbkqob bk bi _rccbo v ‘fboo^ bi ^o‘efsl ^ kfsbi ab LR-CNR. @j_^p crk‘flkbp absrbisb BDQN pf kl e^v
mol_ibj^p. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ nrb rqfifw^k bp <pqafl.e>.

fkq c‘ilpb(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);
fkq c‘ilpb^ii();

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
EHKD *mrkq]cf‘e;
‘iop‘o();
fc((mrkq]cf‘e=clmbk("ei^.quq","^"))==MTKK)
x mofkqc("Doolo bk i^ ^mboqro^"); bufq(0); z
.
. .
lmbo^‘flkbp ib‘qro^/bp‘ofqro^
.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 94 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

.
.
c‘ilpb(mrkq]cf‘e);
z

DRBQHSTQ@ CD B@Q@BSDQDR X B@CDM@R DM RDBTDMBH@KDR

EOTSB/OTSB: Dp‘of_b NH ?=KT?MAK bk bi cf‘ebol ^_fboql mlo bi mrkqbol nrb pb mlkb ‘ljl
m^oƒjbqol. Rf qlal pb molar‘b ‘loob‘q^jbkqb i^ crk‘f“k absrbisb bi molmfl ‘^oƒ‘qbo, pf e^v ^id«k boolo
absrbisb DNE. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ nrb rqfifw^ bp <pqafl.e>.

fkq cmrq‘(s^of^_ib]‘e^o,mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);
fkq cmrq‘(fl‘^oƒ‘qbo–,mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);
fkq mrq‘(s^of^_ib]‘e^o,mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);
fkq mrq‘(fl‘^oƒ‘qbo–,mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);

EOTSR: Dp‘of_b bi ‘lkqbkfal ab i^ ?=@AH= mrbpq^ ‘ljl mofjbo m^oƒjbqol ab i^ crk‘f“k. Di ‘^oƒ‘qbo
kril kl pb bp‘of_b bk bi cf‘ebol. Rf pb molar‘b ^id«k boolo absrbisb DNE v pf qlal s^ _fbk absrbisb rk s^ilo
kl kbd^qfsl. K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ <pqafl.e>.

fkq cmrqp(s^of^_ib]‘^abk^,mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);
fkq cmrqp(†qbuql‡,mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);

EOQHMSE: Dp‘of_b bk bi cf‘ebol ‘r^inrfbo qfml ab s^ilo, ‘^abk^p, k«jbolp v ‘^o^‘qbobp. Dpq^
crk‘f“k qfbkb bi jfpjl cloj^ql nrb mofkqc. G^v nrb fkaf‘^oib bi mrkqbol, bi fabkqfcf‘^alo ab cloj^ql v
klj_ob ab i^ s^of^_ibp l s^of^_ibp ^ bp‘of_fo. B^_b‘bo^ <pqafl.e>.

cmofkqc(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol,†qbuql‡);
cmofkqc(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol†fabkqfcf‘^alo‡,s^o);
cmofkqc(mrkqbol]cf‘e†fabkq(bp)]cloj^ql‡,s^of^_ib(p));

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <pqofkd.e>
slfa ibqo^(slfa);
slfa co^pb(slfa);
EHKD *mrkq]cf‘e;
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x fkq lmq;
‘iop‘o();
fc((mrkq]cf‘e=clmbk("ei^.quq","t"))==MTKK)
x mofkqc("Doolo bk i^ ^mboqro^");
bufq(0);
z
mofkqc("1.HMSQNCTBHQ KDSQ@ @ KDSQ@[k");
mofkqc("2.HMSQNCTBHQ B@CDM@ @ B@CDM@[k[k");
mofkqc("Dibdfo lm‘flk: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&lmq);
ccirpe(pqafk);
‘iop‘o();
ptfq‘e(lmq)
x
‘^pb 1:
ibqo^();
_ob^h;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 95 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

‘^pb 2:
co^pb();
_ob^h;
z

c‘ilpb(mrkq]cf‘e);
z

slfa ibqo^(slfa)
x
‘e^o q;

clo(;q!=’$’;)
x
mofkqc(":");
q=dbq‘e^o();
cmrq‘(q,mrkq]cf‘e);
ccirpe(pqafk);
z
z

slfa co^pb(slfa)
x
‘e^o *co^pb;

al
x
mofkqc(":");
dbqp(co^pb);
cmofkqc(mrkq]cf‘e,"%p[k",co^pb);
// cmrqp(co^pb,mrkq]cf‘e);
ccirpe(pqafk);
ztefib(pqo‘jm(co^pb,"$"));
z

KDBSTQ@ CD B@Q@BSDQDR X B@CDM@R DM RDBTDMBH@KDR

EFDSB/EFDS: Cbsrbisb bi ‘^oƒ‘qbo ib¤al abi cf‘ebol b fk‘objbkq^ bi fkaf‘^alo ab mlpf‘f“k abi
^o‘efsl. Rf pb iibd^ ^i cfk^i abi cf‘ebol i^ crk‘f“k absrbisb DNE. Slalp ilp s^ilobp nrb ibb ilp qo^kpcloj^ ^
‘^oƒ‘qbo. B^_b‘bo^ bp <pqafl.e>.

s^o]‘e^o=cdbq‘(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);
s^o]‘e^o=dbq‘(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);

EFDSR: Kbb rk abqbojfk^al k«jbol ab ‘^o^‘qbobp ab rk cf‘ebol v ilp m^p^ ^ rk^ s^of^_ib ab qfml
‘^abk^. Kbb ‘^o^‘qbobp e^pq^ nrb bk‘rbkqo^ rk p^iql ab i¤kb^, rk DNE l i^ ilkdfqra bpmb‘fcf‘^a^ bk i^ crk‘f“k.
Rf pb molar‘b rk boolo absrbisb rk mrkqbol MTKK. K^ B^_b‘bo^ bp <pqafl.e>.

cdbqp(s^of^_ib]‘^abk^,q^j^'l,mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);

DIDLOKN:
#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
slfa ibqo^(slfa);
slfa co^pb(slfa);

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 96 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

EHKD *mrkq]cf‘e;
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x fkq lmq;
‘iop‘o();
fc((mrkq]cf‘e=clmbk("ei^.quq","o"))==MTKK)
x mofkqc("Doolo bk i^ ^mboqro^");
bufq(0);
z
mofkqc("1.KDDQ KDSQ@ @ KDSQ@[k");
mofkqc("2.KDDQ B@CDM@R[k[k");
mofkqc("Dibdfo lm‘flk: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&lmq);
ccirpe(pqafk);
‘iop‘o();
ptfq‘e(lmq)
x ‘^pb 1:
ibqo^();
_ob^h;
‘^pb 2:
co^pb();
_ob^h;
z

dbq‘e();
c‘ilpb(mrkq]cf‘e);
z
slfa ibqo^(slfa)
x
‘e^o q=0;

clo(;q!=DNE;)
x
q=dbq‘(mrkq]cf‘e);
mofkqc("%‘",q);
z
z

slfa co^pb(slfa)
x
‘e^o co^pbZ31\;

cdbqp(co^pb,30,mrkq]cf‘e);
mofkqc("%p",co^pb);
z

ONRHBHNM DM EHBGDQNR RDBTDMBH@KDR X AHM@QHNR

QDVHMC: Kibs^ bi fkaf‘^alo ab mlpf‘f“k ^i mofk‘fmfl abi ^o‘efsl. Ml absrbisb kfkd«k s^ilo.
K^ ‘^_b‘bo^ nrb rqfifw^ bp <pqafl.e>.

obtfka(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);

EFDSONR: Fr^oa^ bi s^ilo ^‘qr^i abi fkaf‘^alo ab mlpf‘f“k abi ^o‘efsl. Di pbdrkal qbojfkl
bp rk l_gbql abi qfml cmlp]q nrb dr^oa^ i^ mlpf‘f“k. Di s^ilo ^ij^‘bk^al p“il bp s^ifal m^o^ mlpqboflobp
ii^j^a^p ^ cpbqmlp. Cbsrbisb CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf pb molar‘b ^id«k boolo v BDQN pf qlal s^ _fbk.
B^_b‘bo^ <pqafl.e>.

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 97 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

fkq cdbqmlp(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol,&l_gbql]cmlp]q);

ERDSONR: Cbpmi^w^ bi fkaf‘^alo ab mlpf‘f“k abi ^o‘efsl ^i ird^o bpmb‘fcf‘^al mlo bi pbdrkal
qbojfkl nrb bp rk l_gbql cmlp]q. Dpqb s^ilo qfbkb nrb e^_bo pfal l_qbkfal mlo rk^ ii^j^a^ ^ cdbqmlp.
Cbsrbisb CHRSHMSN CD BDQN pf e^v boolobp v BDQN pf s^ qlal _fbk. B^_b‘bo^ <pqafl.e>.

fkq cpbqmlp(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol,&l_gbql]cmlp]q);

SDKK: Cbsrbisb bi s^ilo ^‘qr^i abi fkaf‘^alo ab mlpf‘f“k abi ^o‘efsl. Dpqb s^ilo bp bi k«jbol ab
_vqbp nrb e^v bkqob bi ‘ljfbkwl abi ^o‘efsl v bi fkaf‘^alo. Cbsrbisb ›1 pf pb molar‘b rk boolo. B^_b‘bo^
<fl.e>.

s^o]ilkd =qbii(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);

EDNE: Cbqbojfk^ bi cfk^i ab rk cf‘ebol _fk^ofl. Rb rqfifw^ pfbjmob nrb pb ob^ifw^k ‘lkpriq^p,
fkclojbp v ifpq^alp, s^ ^pl‘f^al ^ rk _r‘ib nrb ob‘loob qlal bi cf‘ebol. B^_b‘bo^ <pqafl.e>.

cblc(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol);

ERDDJ: Rfq«^ bi fkaf‘^alo abi ^o‘efsl bk i^ mlpf‘f“k fkaf‘^a^ mlo i^ s^of^_ib ab qfml ilkd (bk
pbdrkal qbojfkl) abpab bi ird^o nrb ib fkafnrbjlp jbaf^kqb bi qbo‘bo qbojfkl ab i^ crk‘f“k (jbaf^kqb rk^
‘lkpq^kqb). Cbsrbisb ›1 pf e^v boolo, pf kl e^v boolo absrbisb i^ krbs^ mlpf‘f“k. K^ B^_b‘bo^ bp <fl.e>.

s^o]ilkd=cpbbh(mrkqbol]cf‘ebol,ilkd]abpmi,fkq]lofdbk);

&1056$06( ’(5&4,2&,S0

RDDJ]RDS Cbpab bi mofk‘fmfl abi cf‘ebol

RDDJ]BTQ Cbpab i^ mlpf‘f“k ^‘qr^i.

RDDJ]DMC Cbpab bi cfk^i abi cf‘ebol

(-(/2.1:
#fk‘irab <pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab <pqaif_.e>
slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
EHKD *mrkqb;
‘iop‘o();
fc((mrkqb=clmbk("ei^.quq","o"))==MTKK)
x
mofkqc("Doolo ab ib‘qro^");
bufq(0);
z

cpbbh(mrkqb,7,RDDJ]RDS);
mofkqc("%‘",cdbq‘(mrkqb));

dbq‘e();
c‘ilpb(mrkqb);
z

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 98 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

DRBQHSTQ@ X KDBSTQ@ DM AHM@QHNR

EVQHSD: Dp‘of_b ilp a^qlp ab rk^ bpqor‘qro^ ^ rk cf‘ebol _fk^ofl b fk‘objbkq^ i^ mlpf‘f“k abi ^o‘efsl
bk bi k«jbol ab ‘^o^‘qbobp bp‘ofqlp. G^v nrb qbkbo bk ‘rbkq^ nrb bi jlal ab ^mboqro^ abi cf‘ebol ab_b pbo
_fk^ofl B^_b‘bo^ <pqafl.e>.

ctofqb(&bqf]bpqor,q^j^'l]bpqor,k|]obd,mrkqbo]cf‘ebol);

EQD@C: Kbb obdfpqolp ab rk cf‘ebol _fk^ofl, ‘^a^ rkl abi q^j^'l bpmb‘fcf‘^al bk i^ crk‘f“k v ilp
pfq«^ bk i^ bpqor‘qro^ fkaf‘^a^ bk mofjbo qbojfkl ab i^ crk‘f“k. @abjƒp ab ibbo ilp obdfpqolp fk‘objbkq^ i^
mlpf‘f“k abi cf‘ebol. G^v nrb qbkbo bk ‘rbkq^ bi jlal ab ^mboqro^ abi cf‘ebol. B^_b‘bo^ <pqafl.e>.

cob^a(&bqf]bpqor,q^j^'l]bpqor,k|]obd,mrkqbo]cf‘ebol);

(-(/2.1:

#fk‘irab<pqafl.e>
#fk‘irab<‘qvmb.e>

slfa ^iq^p(slfa);
slfa jrbpqo^(slfa);
EHKD *cf‘e;
pqor‘q cf‘e^x
fkq ‘“afdl;
‘e^o klj_obZ25\;
‘e^o afob‘flkZ40\;
fkq ba^a;
z‘ifbkqb;

slfa j^fk(slfa)
x
‘e^o lm‘flk;

fc((cf‘e=clmbk("dbpqflk.a^q","^+_"))==MTKK)
x
mofkqc("Doolo ^i ‘ob^o cf‘ebol");
bufq(0);
z

al
x
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("@iq^p[k");
mofkqc("Blkpriq^[k");
mofkqc("R^ifo[k[k");
mofkqc("Dibdfo lm‘flk: ");
p‘^kc("%‘",&lm‘flk);
ccirpe(pqafk);
ptfq‘e(qlrmmbo(lm‘flk))
x
‘^pb ’@’:
^iq^p();
_ob^h;
‘^pb ’B’:
jrbpqo^();
_ob^h;

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 99 Computación II


Computación II UNEXPO 2009 - I

z
ztefib(qlrmmbo(lm‘flk)!=’R’);
c‘ilpb(cf‘e);
z

slfa ^iq^p(slfa)
x
‘iop‘o();
mofkqc("B“afdl: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&‘ifbkqb.‘lafdl);
ccirpe(pqafk);

mofkqc("Mlj_ob: ");
dbqp(‘ifbkqb.klj_ob);
ccirpe(pqafk);

mofkqc("Cfob‘‘flk: ");
dbqp(‘ifbkqb.afob‘flk);
ccirpe(pqafk);

mofkqc("Da^a: ");
p‘^kc("%a",&‘ifbkqb.ba^a);
ccirpe(pqafk);

ctofqb(&‘ifbkqb,pfwblc(‘ifbkqb),1,cf‘e);
z

slfa jrbpqo^(slfa)
x
fkq ‘la]qbjm;
‘iop‘o();

obtfka(cf‘e);
mofkqc("B“afdl ^ jlpqo^o:");
p‘^kc("%a",&‘la]qbjm);

tefib(!cblc(cf‘e))
x
cob^a(&‘ifbkqb,pfwblc(‘ifbkqb),1,cf‘e);

fc(‘la]qbjm==‘ifbkqb.‘lafdl)
x
mofkqc("B“afdl: %a[k",‘ifbkqb.‘lafdl);
mofkqc("Mlj_ob: %p[k",‘ifbkqb.klj_ob);
mofkqc("Cfob‘: %p[k",‘ifbkqb.afob‘flk);
mofkqc("Da^a: %a[k",‘ifbkqb.ba^a);
dbq‘e();
_ob^h;
z
z
z

Prof: Ing. Sergio Velásquez 100 Computación II

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