Cm bin kh http://rtces.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=266 http://automation.net.vn/Nghien-cuu-Khoa-hoc/Mo-hinh-nha-trong-cay-voi-dieu-khien-tu-dong-ungdung-tai-khu-vuc-Thanh-Pho-Ho-Chi-Minh.

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Kin thc ha hc Ph bin kin thc / Ha hc vui MT S LOI CM BIN C S DNG O MC

NHIM MI TRNG

MT S LOI CM BIN C S DNG O MC NHIM MI TRNG

Mi trng l mt khi nim bao gm 3 lnh vc khng kh, nc v t. L nhng yu t to nn thin nhin. Mc nhim mi trng ph thuc nhiu vo cc ngun thi thin nhin v nhn to. kim sot mc nhim mi trng cn thit phi tin hnh o cc tc nhn gy nhim. i vi mi trng khng kh, s nhim nhiu hay t ph thuc vo cc cht c hi c a vo khng kh trong qu trnh hot ng ca thin nhin cng nh cc hot ng pht trin ca con ngi. Ngun thi thin nhin vo khng kh l cc qu trnh phong ho, t , phn hu cc cht hu c c sn trong t nhin c a vo khng kh nh: bi, cc cht x t nhin, cc sn phm do hot ng ca ni la. Hu ht c a vo khng kh qua lp tip xc khng kh vi t v nc. V d vng ng la nc v m ly cht thi l kh mtan (CH4), ni la a vo khng kh rt nhiu bi kh SO2 v cc kim loi nng. Ngun thi nhn to: Hin nay s hot ng cng nghip v sinh hot a vo kh quyn hng trm triu tn kh c hi bao gm: SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, O3, bi, nh hng trc tip n sc kho con ngi. V vy vic o v cnh bo hm lng ca cc cht c hi ny l cn thit nht i vi cc khu cng nghip hoc cc nh my m kh thi c cha cc cht c hi ny. Sau y ta xt mt s loi cm bin o mt s kh: SO2, NO2, CO.

1/ Kh SO2 (Lu hunh dioxit)

SO2 l cht kh khng mu, c v axt, nh hng ti h h hp ho tan trong lp mng ca mt, mi, ming, c hng gy kh th, lot nim mc. o SO2 (xt lu hunh) trong khng kh thit b quan trng nht l cc b cm, m nguyn l da ch yu theo 2 phng php: Phng php o dn in v phng php hunh quang cc tm. a/ Phng php dn in: o SO2 ln trong kh thi hay khng kh, mu kh c a vo mt cht lng hp ph c bn c cha peroxyde hydro. l mt dung dch axt sulfuric, phn ng xy ra nh sau: 2H2O + SO2= H2SO4+ H2 Nh vic to ra H2SO4 m in dn ca dung dch hp ph s tng ln ph thuc vo hm lng SO2 trong kh mu. o dn in ny c th suy ra nng SO2 trong hn hp kh mu phng php ny c th o nng t 0- 1ppm v nhy 0,001ppm. Nhc im ca phng php ny l ch o c gin on c sau 30 hay 60 pht o 1 ln v phi thay dung dch. b/ khc phc nhc im phng php trn, ngi ta s dng phng php hunh quang cc tm. Nguyn l ca phng php nh sau: Gi s c mt chm tia cc tm cho qua b lc nh sng vi bc sng khong 210nm, khi ta cho chm tia cc tm i qua mt ng quang hc c cha mu kh SO2, cc phn t SO2 s b kch thch trong mt khong thi gian nht nh v mt chm tia cc tm vi bc sng di (gn 350nm) s c pht ra. Thu tia phn x ny, cn c vo cng pht x ta c th suy ra hm lng SO2 trong kh mu cn phn tch.

2/ Cc cm bin o t ng hm lng cc oxit Nit (NOx)

Oxit Nit u l nhng cht kh c hi, thng c hnh thnh do hot ng i nhin liu nh xng, du, than gy ra. V d NO2 l cht kh c mu nu, c mi, c tnh axt, kh gy vim lot ng h hp ho tan trong mng nhn ca phi, gy bnh ng h hp. o NOx ch yu s dng 2 phng php: Phng php th mui v phng php phn quang ha hc: a/ Phng php hp th mui Khi cho kh c cha NO2 qua dung dch cha mui, dung dch s hp th NO2 lm thay i mu sc ca cht lng. Mu ca cht lng hp th NO2 c bc sng 545nm. Mt Sensor quang s o s thay i mu sc bc sng ny v suy ra hm lng NO2 cha trong kh th. Nu trong hn hp c cha NO th kh ny khng phn ng vi dung dch mui, n s i tip n lung oxi ha cha kh zn (O3) to ra NO2 v cng o bng phng php trn phng php ny cho php o nng NO2 trong khong 0 1 ppm vi nhy 0,001ppm. V thng o gin on c 30 hay 60 pht 1 ln o. b/ o oxt Nit bng phng php phn quang ho hc Nhc im phng php trn l o gin on o lin tc ta s dng phng php phn quang ha hc. Nguyn l nh sau: c mt tia hng ngoi yu vi bc sng khong 600nm c pht x khi xy ra phn ng gia NO v O3. Phn ng nh sau: NO + O3= NO2* + O2 NO2* = NO2 + h Trong NO2* l oxit Nit c kch thch s to thnh NO2 v pht x tia hng ngoi bc sng 600n m 800nm. o cng bc x s suy ra hm lng NO2 trong khi th.

3/ o nng kh CO (Carbon monoxit)

Oxit Cacbon (CO) l mt cht v cng c hi. l mt cht kh khng mi, kt hp vi hng cu to ra cht khng vn chuyn oxi, nh hng ngay ti thn kinh trung ng v h tun hon mu, gy au u, mt mi, mt ng gim tr nh, ng c nng c th t vong. o c lng CO trong hn hp kh ngi ta s dng tnh cht hp th tia hng ngoi ca CO bc sng 4,7mm. Thit b o CO c biu din hnh v. Mt ngun pht x hng ngoi c cho qua b lc nh sng ch cho tia hng ngoi c bc sng 4,7mm lc qua. to s chnh p lung cm bin ngi ta s dng 2 ngn: ngn 1 cha khng kh bnh thng( khng c CO). Ngn 2 thng vi kh th c cha CO cn o. Tia hng ngoi c gin on ho bng 1 a c l do 1 ng c quay khi c kh th vo ngn 2. Tia hng ngoi b CO hp th kt qu bung cm bin xut hin s chnh p sut gia P1 v P2. Mt cm bin in dung c ni vi mch o v a vo my tnh x l kt qu. Phng php ny c chnh xc v n nh cao.