"true federalism" movement

An argument by southern Nigerians that true federalism will not exist until the central government devolves more power to state and local officials and allows regions to control their own resources. To southerners, this means that the government should not redistribute their region's oil revenues. Northerners do not support the true federalism movement since their regions lack resources and revenue. military leader (dictator) of Nigeria from 1993-1998; died in office party formed by the merger of the Alliance for Democracy, the Justice Party, the Advance Congress of Democrats and other minor political parties sponsored the election of General Muhammadu Buhari in 2003 and 2007; Muslim from the north military leader (dictator) of Nigeria from 1985-1993 the Southeastern region of Nigeria that is home to the Igbo people and was the site of a bloody but unsuccessful war for independence military leader (dictator) of Nigeria from 1983-1985; ousted by military coup; Muslim from the north the sectors of society that lie outside government control; voluntary, formal and informal associations the acceptance of a constitution as a guiding set of principles contact with and spread of customs and beliefs of other people. This occurred in Northern Nigeria due to trade and accounted for the diffusion of Islam, in Nigeria and elsewhere, the notion that colonial powers had to rule on their own and through local leaders at the same time In Nigeria, the goal is to seek a "federal character" for the nation, a principle that recognizes people of all ethnicities, religions and regions and takes their needs into account. This issue assumes that the "national question" in Nigeria remains unanswered.

Abacha, Sani (General) AC [Action Congress] ANNP [All Nigeria People's Party] Babangida, Ibrahim (General) Biafra Buhari, Muhammud civil society constitutionalism cultural diffusion dual mandate

federal character

governmental organization in which power and responsibility are divided among a national government and sub-national governmental units; theoretically, promises that power will be federalism shared, that different regions will be fairly represented, and that citizens will have more contact points with the government and the democratic process will be enhanced. a combination of two predominantly Muslim groups in Nigeria's Hausa-Fulani northwest Igbo an ethnic group in Nigeria's Southeast, primarily Christian a style of government introduced by the British in 1860, in which indirect rule Nigerians (primarily from the south) were trained to fill the European-style bureaucracy. Formed in 1998, established qualifications to run candidates in legislative and presidential elections, cutting the number of eligible INEC [Independent National Elections Commission] parties. However, the INEC itself was widely accused of corruption in the 2007 election. since most Nigerians lack access to the patron-client system, they are informal economy forced to participate in an informal economy of unreported incomes from small-scale trade and subsistence agriculture jihad Islamic holy war Kanuri a small, primarily Muslim group living in Nigeria's northeast Nigeria's policymaking process is top-down and power is concentrated in the presidency. Senior government officials are supported by a broader base of loyal junior officials, creating a loyalty pyramid. Since the state controls the country's resources, only those in the pyramid have access to wealth and influence. When the military was in control, the pyramid was protected by force.

loyalty pyramid

military in barracks

following the first military coup in 1966, this term referred to the traditional duties of the military - a temporary, objective organization that keeps order and brings stability following the first military coup in 1966, this term referred to the role of the military in politics and public policymaking. Distinguish from military in barracks; due to this internal division, military presidents have had to keep a watchful eye on other military leaders. Nigeria's presidential system plus its bicameral legislature two-time leader of Nigeria: as a military dictator from from 19761979 [replaced by democratically elected president] and as a civilian president from 1999-2997; Christian Yoruba from the south corporations owned by the state and designated as the providers of commercial and social welfare services (public utilities, transportation, steel, defense , petroleum) a system in which the president is the head of an intricate patronclient system and dispenses government jobs and resources as rewards to suppporters. clientelism : the practice of exchanging political and economic favors among patrons and clients, designed to create and maintain loyalty and almost always accompanied by corruption. In Nigeria, patrons are usually linked to clients by religion or ethnicity one of Nigeria's better-established political parties. Sponsored the elections of both Obasanjo and Yar'Adua, and also gained the overwhelming majority in the National Assembly and gained governorships of most Nigerian states

military in government

National Assembly Obasanjo, Olesegun

parastatals

patrimonialism

patron-client system (prebendalism)

PDP [The People's Democratic Party]

revenue sharing

Saro-Wiwa, Ken sharia Sokoto Caliphate

the national question Transparency International Yar'Adua, Umaru Yoruba

A proposal to allow the federal government to collect Nigerian oil revenues and pool them in a "federal account." While this was put forward as a way to allow the entire country to benefit from oil profits, many Nigerians in the southern Niger Delta protested that it was a plan by northerners to take away profits due to southerners. Nigerian poet, dissident, rights activist and environmentalist; founded MOSOP [Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People], executed by order of a military court in 1995 rule of Islamic religious law as part of political authority a Muslim state established by the Fulani people in the entire Northwest, North, midsection and part of the Northeast in 1808. The caliphate traded with Europeans and eventually succumbed to British colonial rule by 1900. how Nigeria should be governed and whether it can or should be a nation a private organization that compiles statistics about corruption in countries around the world president of Nigeria from 2007 to present; Muslim from the north a large ethnic group in Nigeria's southwest. Yoruba are 30% Muslim, 40% Christian and 20% native religions