Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Chapter Figures
Application
Application
TCP
UDP
ICMP
IP
ARP
RARP
Network interface
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.1
HTTP Request
Header contains source & destination port numbers Header contains source and destination IP addresses; transport protocol type Header contains source & destination physical addresses; network protocol type Ethernet header
TCP header
IP header
FCS
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.2
Machine A
Application layer Transport layer Internet layer Network interface layer
Machine B
Application layer
Router/gateway
Internet layer Network interface layer
Network 1
Network 2
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.3
0 Version
4 IHL
8 Type of service
16
19
24 Total length
31
Flags
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.4
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.5
0 1 2 3 0 Net ID
16 Host ID
31
Class B
1 0
Net ID
Host ID
Class C
1 1 0
Net ID
Host ID
Class D
1 1 1 0
Multicast address
Class E
1 1 1 1
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.6
Original address
1 0
Net ID
Host ID
Subnetted address 1 0
Net ID
Subnet ID
Host ID
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.7
H1
150.100.12.154 150.100.12.128 150.100.12.129 150.100.0.1 To the rest of the Internet
H2
150.100.12.176
R1
150.100.12.4
H3
150.100.12.24
H4
150.100.12.55
150.100.12.0 150.100.12.1
R2
150.100.15.54 150.100.15.0
H5
150.100.15.11
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.8
H1
150.100.76.20
H2
150.100.76.21
H3
150.100.76.22
H4
150.100.76.23
H1
H2
H3
H4
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.9
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.10
Source IP
Router
Destination IP
Network
Network
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.11
0 Type
8 Code
16 Checksum Unused
31
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.12
0 Type
8 Code Identifier
31
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.13
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.14
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.15
0 Version
12
16
31
Source address
Destination address
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.16
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.17
m bits Provider ID
o bits Subscriber ID
p bits Subnet ID
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.18
TCP segment
TCP segment
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.19
0 Next header
8 0
16 194
24 Opt len = 4
31
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.20
0 Next header
8 Reserved
29
31
Res M
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.21
8 Header length
24 Segment left
31
Address 1
Address 2
...
Address 24
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.22
Source
Tunnel tail-end
Destination
IPv4 header
IPv6 network
Source Link
Destination
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.23
31
Data
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.24
31
00000000
Protocol = 17
UDP length
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.25
Segments
Transmitter Receiver
Receive buffer
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.26
10 Source port
16
24 Destination port
31
Data
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.27
31
00000000
Protocol = 6
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.28
Host A
SYN, Seq
Host B
_n o = x
_n o q e S , N SY
= y, A
no = _ k c A , CK
x+1
S eq_n
o = x+ 1, ACK
, A ck_
no = y
+1
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.29
Host A
SYN, Seq _n o = n
Host B
SYN,
c k _n o = A , K C A n, S e q _n o =
n+1
S eq_n
o = n+
1, ACK
, A ck_
no = n +1
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.30
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.31
Host A (client)
Host B (server)
SYN, Seq
_n o = x
eq_n SYN, S
o=y
_no k c A , K , AC
S eq_n
o = x+ 1, ACK
Re q u e s
, A ck_
no = y
+1
t5
t messa
ge
sa g e Reply mes
read returns
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja Communication Networks Figure 8.32
Host A
Host B
t0
t1 t2
Ack_no = 1, Ack_no = 1,
2000-302 3
3024-404 7
1-128
t3
t4
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.33
Data
TCP Header
IP Header
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.34
Host A
FIN, seq = 5086
7
Host B
Ack = 5 0 8
0 3 , Ac k 3 = . q e s , ta Da
=5087
Ack = 45 3
F I N, s e q
A ck = . = 453,
508 7
Ac k = 4 5
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.35
CLOSED Applipassive open, cation create TCB close , YN CK LISTEN S e A v , ei se rec d SYN nd e v i n e e SY s rec T application close N S R or timeout, receive SYN, SYN_SENT delete TCB SYN_RCVD send ACK ive CK, rece e ive A rec N, A ACK CK SY end application s ESTABLISHED re close, ceiv e, e FI send s s e o l n N, dA c n FIN C o K ati FIN c i l d p CLOSE_WAIT ap sen receive FIN application close CLOSING FIN_WAIT_1 send ACK send FIN re receive c se eiv nd e LAST_ACK ACK receive receive AC FIN ACK K ,A ACK CK receive FIN 2MSL timeout FIN_WAIT_2 TIME_WAIT send ACK delete TCB
e tiv ac , en op B TC N te SY ea d cr en s
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja Communication Networks Figure 8.36
20
Congestion window
0 Round-trip times
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja Communication Networks Figure 8.37
0 Command
8 Version
16 Zero Zero
31
...
Figure 8.38
Metric
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
To another AS N1 R1 N2 R2 R3 R6 N4 N5 R7 N6 R5
R4
N7
Area 0.0.0.3
R = router N = network
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.39
0 Version
8 Type
31
OSPF common
Checksum
Authentication type
header
Authentication
Authentication
OSPF
Data
packet body
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.40
16 Network mask Hello interval Dead interval Designated router Backup designated router Neighbor 1 Options
24
31
Priority
...
Neighbor n
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.41
0 Interface MTU
16 Options
24 Zero
29 I M
31 M S
LSA header
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.42
0 Link-state age
24 Link-state type
31
Length
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.43
31
...
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.44
0 Number of LSAs
31
LSA 1
...
LSA n
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.45
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.46
R2 AS2 R1 AS1
R3
R4 AS3
N1
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.47
AS3
AS5
AS4
AS7
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.48
eBGP iBGP
eBGP
R iBGP R
iBGP
eBGP
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.49
16
24
31
Marker
Length
Type
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.50
16
24
31
Marker
Version
Optional parameters
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.51
16
24
31
Marker
Length
Type: KEEPALIVE
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.52
16
24
31
Marker
Error code
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.53
Unfeasible routes length (two octets) Withdrawn routes (variable) Total path attribute length (two octets) Path attributes (variable) Network layer reachability information (variable)
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.54
Attribute type
Attribute length
Attribute value
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.55
O T
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.56
10.1.2.0/24 10.10.1.2
R4 R1
AS2
10.10.3.0/24
10.10.4.2
eBGP
iBGP
10.10.4.1
iBGP
iBGP R2 AS1
10.10.1.3
R3 10.10.1.1
- Reach 10.1.2.0/24 via next hop 10.10.1.2 - Reach 10.10.3.0/24 via next hop 10.10.4.1
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
- Reach 10.1.2.0/24 via next hop 10.10.1.2 - Reach 10.10.3.0/24 via next hop 10.10.4.2
Communication Networks Figure 8.57
R2
R1
AS1
R3 AS2
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.58
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.59
G1
1 2 3
G1 7 2
3 2 1 8 3 4 4 3 4
2 4
1 5 2
G1 G1
1 1 3 5 4 2 1 2 2 3 1
4
1
6 3
4
3
3
G2
G3
G3
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.60
G1
1 2 3
G1 7 2
3 2 1 3 4 4 3 4
2 4
1 5 2
G1 G1
1 3
2 1
5 4 1 2 2 4 3 1
6 3
4
3
3
G2
G3
G3
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.61
G1
1 2 1 3
G1 7 2
3 2 1 8 3 4 4 3 4
2 4
5 2
G1 G1
1 1 3 5 4 2 1 2 2 3 1
4
1
6 3
4
3
3
G2
G3
G3
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.62
G1
1 2 1 2 3
G1 7 2
3 2 1 8 3 4 3 4
2 4
5
G1 G1
1 1 3 5 4 2 1 2 2 3 1
4
1
6 3
4
3
3
G2
G3
G3
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.63
0 Version
4 Type
8 Unused
16 Checksum
31
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.64
G1
1 2 1 2 3
G1 7 2
3 2 1 8 3 4 3 4
2 4
5
G1 G1
1 1 3 5 4 2 1 2 2 3 1
4
1
6 3
4
3
3
G2
G3
G3
Graft message
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.65
Mobile host
Home agent
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.66
IP payload
IP payload
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.67
Mobile host
Home agent
Correspondent host
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
Figure 8.68
L1,2
R2 L4,1
L6,4 R5 L9,2
R1
L3,4 L5,3
R4
L7,5 R6 L10,2
R7
L2,1 R3 L8,4
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks
AS1 R7
R6
AS2 R4
R3 AS3 R2
Leon-Garcia/Widjaja
Communication Networks