Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 42

)(

Distr.
GENERAL
E/ESCWA/SDD/2010/1
28 December 2010
ORIGINAL: ARABIC

)(



10-0497

-

.

.
.

.

.

.

.

.


.

.



.
:

.............................................................................................

- ......................................................

- ................................................................
- .............................................................
- ..............................................................
- : .................................
- : ..................................
- : ...................................................
- ................................................................

- : .................................

- .........................................................................
- ......................................................................
- .....................................................................
- ........................................................................
- ........................................................................

- ...........................................

- .........................................................................
- ........................
- ........................
- ....................................................................

-



.

.

.
-

.
.

.

.

.
.
.


.
.
.

.

.



.

- -

.
. .

).(


) (
.
.



.
).(

.

.



.
)
(
).(

)(

Larry Diamond, Rethinking Civil Society. Toward Democratic Consolidation, Journal of Democracy, Volume 5,
No. 3, (July 1994), page 5.

) (
.
)(

Ziad Abdel Samad, Civil Society in the Arab Region: Its Necessary Role and the Obstacles to Fulfillment,
The International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law, Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2007, page 4.

)(

Saed Karajah, Civil Society in the Arab World: the Missing Concept, The International Journal of Not-for-Profit
Law, Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2007, page 2.

-
.

.

.
.

.


.


).(


.
.
.



.


.



.

)(

Nawaf Salam, Civil Society in the Arab World: The Historical and Political Dimensions, Islamic LegalStudies
Program, Harvard Law school, Occasional Publications 3, October 2002, page 2.

-

.

.

.
"

") .(

.
.
.
.
).(


).(
-


.

.

.
) (

.

)(

Saed Karajah, op. cit., page 3.

) ( .
)(

Salim Nasr, Arab Civil Societies and Public Governance Reforms: An Analytical Framework and Overview, United
Nations Development Programme, Good Governance for Development (GfD), February 2005, page 5.

) ( : - / .

-

.



.


.

.
.

.
.


.
.


.
.
.




).(


.
.


:
)(

Marina Ottoway Julia Choucair-Vizoso, Evaluating Middle East reform: Significant or Cosmetic? Beyond the
Faade: Political Reform in the Arab World, Washington, DC, Carnegie.
Endowment for International Peace, 2008, page 9.

-

)) (

/ .(

.
.
- :




.
.



.

.



.

.
.


.


.
)(

United Nations Development Programme, UNDP and Civil Society Organizations: A Toolkit for Strengthening
Partnerships, UNDP 2006, New York, NY, page 18.

-


.
.

.

.

. .
).(
- :


.
.



.

.

) :(
)(
)(

)(
)(


.

.

).(
)(

James G. McGann, The Global Go-To Think Tanks, The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Programme, University
of Pennsylvania, January 2010, page 11.

)(

Amy Hawthorne, Middle Eastern Democracy: Is Civil Society the Answer?, Middle East Series, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Papers, Number 44, March 2004, pages 6-8.

- :
)( )(
)(
)(
)(
).(


.

).(

.


.

.
.

.


.

.
- :
:


.

).Salim Nasr, op. cit., page 8 (


) ( .

- .
.



.

).(




.
.


)(
.

.

.

.


. .

.
.


.


.

)(

Naomi Sakr, Civil Society, Media and Accountability in the Arab region, Human development Report Office,

Occasional Paper 2002/15, Background Paper for the Human Development Report, United Nations Development Programme, page 5.

).Amy Hawthorne, op. cit., page 10 (

- .

.



.

.




.
.


.
-


.

.

.
.

.

.

.



.

.

.

- .



.

.





.

.
.

.



.
.
.

.

.


).(


.
.
.

) ( - / .

-
) (

)*(

.

.




. /
.
.
.
:
-

-

))-(( ) ( ) (

- ) (

-
.

.

.
).(


. /

.
_________________
)*( ) (
/ .http://www.ngoao.gov.iq/

) ( .www.ncciraq.orghttp://

--

- :
-


.

.

.


.


.


.
.

.


.


.
.

.


.
.

-
.

.





.

.

.

.

.



.
.

. .
-
-

.
.

.


.

-
.

.
.
.
:

) (

.


.

.
.

.
-

)(


.
) (
/ . "
" - / .

-


.

.

.

.

.

.

. .


.


.

) "" (Facebook
.




.

.

.


.


.
.

-

.

.

.


.


.
.




.

.

.


.
.
.



.


.


.
-
-

.

-
.
.

.

.
.

.


.



.
.

.


.

.


.

.


.
.


.
.

- .

.
.

.


.

.


.


.
-

)(



.



.


.

.

.
) ( )
( / . "
" - / .

-

.

.


.
.
.


.

.
.
.

.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.

. .

.

-

.

.
.


.

.
.


.
.

.
.


.
.
)
( .
) (
.

.
-
-

) .(-

- .

.



.

.
.

.
.

.

.

:


)
(


.

.



.
.

.

- -

)(




.


.

.

.

) ( .
.
.

.



.

. :
)( )(
)(
)(
.


.



.


.
) ( :
: / .
" " - / .

-
.

.

.


.
.
-
-

.
.

.

.

.
) (

.

.
) (


.


:


.

.


.
.

.

.
-

)(



.
.
.
.
) (
/ .
" " - /
.

-
.

.


.
"".
.

.

.




.
.


.

)( .
.

.

) (


.

""
.
""
.
""

- .

. ""
.

.



) ( .
.
""
.

.
.
"" .

.
.

.

.


.


.



.
.
.

.
.

.

--

-
-



.

.

.
.

.

.
.


.

.


.





. .


.
.
.

- .




.


.
.



.


.

.

.

.


.


.
.
-
:


-
.

.


.


.


.



.

.
.



.

.
.

.
.

.
.


.

-
.



.



.

.
.



.

.




.

.
.


.

.
.
-
.

.

-

.

.

) (.


.


.

.
"" .



.

.

.

.
.


.

.

.




.




.

-


.


.
.


.

.
.
.




.





.
.

.
.

.

.
.

.
.



.
.

- (
)
.


.


.
.


.

.

.
.

.

.


.

.
.


.
.



.
.


.

.

-

.


.


.

.

.


.




.
-

.

.

.
.
.

.



.
.

-

.
.


.
.

.


.


.
.

.
.

.

.


.

.
.



.

.
.

.

- .

.


.
.

Вам также может понравиться