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Dilute Concentrated
Solution Solution
Dilute Concentrated
Solution Solution
P = ∆π
The pressure that must be applied to
a concentrated solution to prevent
osmosis.
Reverse
Osmosis
P
Dilute Concentrated
Solution Solution
P > ∆ π
Reversing osmotic flow by
applying a pressure in excess of the
osmotic pressure
Three Cases of
Osmosis
P P
π1 π2 π1 π2 π1 π 2
REJECT
REJECT PRESSURE
Pump (SS)
Pretreatment
Cartridge filter
De-chlorination pH adjustment
Membrances
Filteration Degassification
Pressure tubes
Coagulation
Clarification
HP pumps Post
treanment
Control pannel
Schematic diagram of RO unit for waste water
Activated
carbon filter
Coagulation, Sand Dechlori Anti
sedimentation, filter nation. scale
Chlorination
DESALATION Cartridge
Product SECTION High pressure filter
water Membrane modules pump
Waste
brine
Block Diagram of RO
ME PRODUCT
SALT MB WATER
WATER RA
NE
(PERMEATE )
HIGH
PRESSURE REJECT
PUMP WATER
(CONCENTRATE)
RO System components
The basic expanded design of a single system
includes the following:
●Raw water feed pump to supply water to the pre
treatment
●Pre treatment system for Turbidity,TSS,Colloidal
Membrane Backing
“O” Ring
Permeate Carrier
Membrane
Membrane Assembly
Reverse Osmosis
Membranes -
Types
● Cellulose Acetate
● Thin Film Composite
● Polysulfones
Thin Film Composite
Membrane Characteristics
● Lower Operating
Pressure
● High Salt Rejection
● Available for Sea
Water
● Stable to pH 11
● Sensitive to Oxidants
Operating Parameters
Feed Pressure
Concentration
pH
Temperature
Permeate Concentration
Flow
Pressure
Concentrate Flow
Pressure
Concentration
INSTRUMENTATION
•PH * ORP
•Conductivity Meter * Level Switches
•Rotameter * Pressure Switches
•Pressure Gauges * Electrical Control
Fouling