Potencias de 10 enteras: 100 = 1, 101 = 10, 102 = 100, 103 = 1000, . . . , 106 = 1 000 000 . . .

Tabla de logaritmos base 10 de nmeros hasta con 3 cifras significativas

log(3.0) = 0.477

log(3.2) = 0.505

log(32) = log(3.210) = 0.505+1 = 1.505

decimal
entero

log(1/3) = -log(3) = -0.477

log(0.3) = log(310-1) = 0.477-1 = -0.523

32<32.4<33: log(32.4) = log(32) + [log(3.3) - log(3.2)]0.4 = 1.505 + 0.006 = 1.511

0.000

0.041

0.079

0.114

0.146

0.176

0.204

0.230

0.255

0.279

0.301

0.322

0.342

0.362

0.380

0.398

0.415

0.431

0.447

0.462

0.477

0.491

0.505

0.519

0.531

0.544

0.556

0.568

0.580

0.591

0.602

0.613

0.623

0.633

0.643

0.653

0.663

0.672

0.681

0.690

0.699

0.778

0.708
0.785

0.716
0.792

0.724
0.799

0.732
0.806

0.740
0.813

0.748
0.820

0.756
0.826

0.763
0.833

0.771
0.839

log(100) = log(1) = 0, log(101) = log(10) = 1, log(102) = log(100) = 2, . . . , log(1010) = 10 . . .

Memorizar: log(2) = 0.30103 ; log(3) = 0.47712

Memorizar: potencias de 10 fraccionarias

Memorizar: logaritmos de nmeros enteros de 2 a 9: 100.10 =

Redondeo
2 decimales

0.20

10

log(2) = 0.301 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.30

.
100.30 =
=

2.5

3.16 10-0.5 = 10+0.510-1 = 0.316

0.60

4.0

10-0.6 = 10+0.410-1 = 0.25

0.70

5.0

10-0.7 = 10+0.310-1 = 0.20

0.80

6.31 10-0.8 = 10+0.210-1 = 0.158

0.903

8.00 10

log(5) = log(10/2) = log(10)-log(2) = 0.699 . . . 0.70 10

log(6) = log(32) = log(3)+log(2) = 0.778 . . . . 0.78 10

0.845

0.851

0.857

0.863

0.869

0.875

0.881

0.886

0.892

0.898

log(7) = log(49 ) 0.5log(50) = 0.845 . . . . .0.85 10

0.903

0.908

0.914

0.919

0.924

0.929

0.934

0.940

0.944

0.949

log(8) = log(2 ) = 3log(2) = 0.903 . . . . . . . . . .0.90 10

0.954

0.959

0.964

0.968

0.973

0.978

0.982

0.987

0.991

0.996

log(9) = log(32) = 2log(3) = 0.954 . . . . . . . . . .0.95 100.954=

2.00 10-0.3 = 10+0.710-1 = 0.50

0.50

log(4) = log(2 ) = 2log(2) = 0.602 . . . . . . . . . .0.60 10

1/2

1.58 10-0.2 = 10+0.810-1 = 0.631

0.40

log(3) = 0.477 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.48

.
10
2

1.26 10-0.1 = 10+0.910-1 = 0.8

10-0.4 = 10+0.610-1 = 0.40

-0.9

+0.1

= 10

-1

10 = 0.126

9.00 10-0.95=10+0.0510-1=0.112

Diseo: Dr. Alain QUERE THORENT - Facultad de Qumica UNAM - Departamento Qumica Analtica

Consultar: http://www.karlscalculus.org/calc6_0.html ; http://www.telefonica.net/web2/marodgar/logaritmos.htm

Propiedades de los logaritmos

Propiedades de las potencias

m+n
m
n
0
-1
1/2
m+0
m
0
0
0
n
-n
-n
n
log(a )= nlog(a) log(a ) = log(1) = 0 log(a )= log(1/a) =-log(a) log(a ) =log(a)=log(a) b = b b b = b b ==> b = 1 b = b b = 1 ==> b = 1/b
-1
log(x)
x
pq
p q
p(1/q)
p (1/q)
p/q
p/q q
p
1/2
log(a)
+
log(b)
=
log(a)
log(b)
log(ab)=
log(a/b) = log(a) + log(b )
10
= log(10 ) = x
b = (b )
b
= (b )
=b
b = b
b =b
d[ln(x)] = dx/x lga(x)'=1/[x lg(a)]
ln (x ) ln(10) = 2.3026 ln(x) = 2.3026log(x)
f(x) = log(x)
f(x) =10x
log a ( x ) =
1.0
10
ln (a ) 1/ln(10)=0.4343 d[log(x)] = 0.4343(dx/x) No existen logaritmos de nmeros negativos

ar br = (a b)r

USO DE LA TABLA DE LOGARITMOS DE NMEROS ENTRE 1.0 Y 9.9

La parte entera del nmero se selecciona en la columna "entero" y la parte decimal en el rengln

0.5
0.0

"decimal". El logaritmo del nmero se encuentra en la interseccin rengln/columna. Por ejemplo

el logaritmo de 4.7 = 0.672 y el logaritmo de 9.3 = 0.968. Ver otros ejemplos arriba de la tabla.

-0.5

El logaritmo de un nmero con dos cifras decimales se obtiene por interpolacin lineal. Ejemplo:

-1.0

log(3.43) se encuentra entre log(3.4) = 0.531 y log(3.5) = 0.544. Al log(3.4) se le suma el 30% de la
diferencia entre log(3.5) y log(3.4) = 0.3(0.544-0.531) = 0.004, por lo que log(3.43) = 0.535.
O tambin a log(3.5) se le puede restar 0.7(0.544-0.531) = 0.009, de ah log(3.43) = 0.535.

-1.5
El logaritmo slo aplica a nmeros positivos

-2.0

10

m/n

m/n

=(ab)

m/n

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00