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Section A
B 4.16 × 10 3
D 6.66 × 104
D
2 Boron has two isotopes with relative Relative
intensity
isotopic masses of 10 and 11. When 4
1.00 g of boron reacts completely with
hydrogen, 1.278 g of boron hidride, 3
B2H6, is produced. Which graph shows
2
the mass spectrum of boron?
A 1
Relative
intensity
4 0 m/e
8 9 10 11 12
3
3 Which equation illustrates the first
2 ionisation energy of the given
element?
1
A C(g) → C+(g) + e–
B Na(s) → Na+(g) + e–
0 m/e
8 9 10 11 12 C Cl(g) + e– → Cl–(g)
B D O(g) + e– → O–(g)
Relative
intensity
4
4 Vanadium has the electronic configuration
3 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2. Which ion does
not exist?
2 A VO42–
1 B VO3–
C VO2+
0
8 9 10 11 12 m/e D VO2+
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 1
2 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 3
OH
CH2Cl CHO
B D
CH(CH3)2
Which statement is true of menthol?
A It has two chiral centres.
B It has two functional groups.
C It reacts with an aqueous solution of 32 Each of the following compounds is put
sodium hydroxide. into a test tube and an aqueous solution
D It decolourises an acidified solution of silver nitrate is added. The three test
of potassium manganate(VII). tubes are then placed in a hot water
bath.
29 Which compound reacts with chlorine
following the mechanisms for free
radicals and electrophilic substitution? Cl
CH3COCl ClCH2COOH
A CH3CH3
B CH2Cl2 I II III
C CH3CH=CH2
D C6H5CH3 Which sequence of the compounds
according to the ascending order of their
30 Which compound is formed when reactivity is correct?
benzene reacts with 1-butene in the A I, III, II
presence of aluminium chloride? B II, I, III
A C II, III, I
CH2CH2CH2CH3 D III, II, I
6 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008
Section B
Vapour
pressure/
atm
W X Y Z
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 7
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 9
1 (a) “If two or more orbitals with equal energy are available, the orbitals are each filled
with one electron, with the electrons having parallel spins, before a second electron
of the opposite spin is added.”
(i) Name the above rule. [1 mark]
(ii) Draw a diagram showing valence shells filled with valence electrons for an atom
X with proton number 28. [1 mark]
(iii) State the number of unpaired electrons in atom X. [1 mark]
(iv) Why does the total energy of atom X decrease when there is a transfer of an
electron from one subshell to another? [1 mark]
(b) The decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide can be accelerated by the addition
of a small amount of an acidic solution of sodium bromide. The catalysis steps are
as follows:
2Br– + H2O2 + 2H+ → Br2 + 2H2O
Br2 + H2O2 → 2Br– + 2H+ + O2
(i) Write an overall equation for the above exothermic reaction. [1 mark]
(ii) Sketch and label the energy profiles for the catalysed and uncatalysed reactions
on the axes below.
Energy
Reaction coordinate
[3 marks]
(iii) State two observations for the catalysed reaction. [2 marks]
Proton number
10 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008
C3H6(g) → CH2=CHCH3(g)
The rate constant for the decomposition is 15.12 s–1 at 400 °C.
(i)Write the rate equation for the decomposition of cyclopropane. [1 mark]
(ii)Calculate the half-life of cyclopropane. [2 marks]
(iii)If 1.0 mol of cyclopropane is introduced into a 1 dm3 container, what is the
concentration of cyclopropane at 400 °C after two half-lives? [1 mark]
(iv) What is the relationship between cyclopropane and propene? [1 mark]
(v) Name a chemical compound, other than cyclopropane, that may be used to
produce propene. [1 mark]
3 (a) Silicon compounds are mainly used in making glass. The most common and cheapest
glass is soda glass which is manufactured by fusing sand, sodium carbonate and
limestone.
(i) State the components of soda glass, and write the equation for the reaction
involved. [2 marks]
(ii) State the main component of borosilicate glass and its property. [2 marks]
(b) Silicones are oils or rubber-like materials used commercially in a wide variety of
products. Commercial silicones have infinite O-Si-O chains with alkyl or aryl groups
attached to the silicon atoms.
(i) Draw the structure of chain silicone showing three repeating units with alkyl
groups. [2 marks]
(ii) State one property of silicone. [1 mark]
(iii) Explain why silicone is used in the manufacture of waterproof fabrics.
[3 marks]
4 (a) Phenylamine, C6H5NH2, reacts with nitric acid in the presence of concentrated
hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 0 °C to 5 °C to produce a salt used in dyeing
industry.
(i) Name this salt. [1 mark]
(ii) Write an equation to show the formation of this salt. [1 mark]
(iii) When an aqueous solution of this salt is heated to 70 °C, a vigorous reaction
occurs. Name the organic product formed. [1 mark]
(iv) When an aqueous solution of this salt is added to an alkaline solution of phenol,
a yellow precipitate is formed immediately. Name the chemical reaction which
occurs, and draw the structure of the yellow precipitate [2 marks]
(b) Insulin is a hormone which controls the concentration of glucose in the blood. It is
a globular protein which has two interlinked polypeptide chains.
(i) Draw the structural formula of the basic unit in a polypeptide. [1 mark]
(ii) What is meant by a polypeptide? [1 mark]
(iii) Explain why insulin is easily denatured under a strong alkaline or acidic
condition. [2 marks]
(iv) Name one type of bonding which can contribute to the rigidity of the structure
of the insulin molecules. [1 mark]
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 11
(i) Calculate the standard enthalpy of reaction for the homolytic dissociation of
methane by a chlorine free radical. [6 marks]
(ii) Sketch the enthalpy diagram for the reaction. [3 marks]
7 (a) The table below shows the formulae of ions with proton numbers 7 to 13 except
proton number 10.
Proton number 7 8 9 11 12 13
Formula of ion N3– 02– F– Na+ Mg2+ A13+
(i) Sketch a graph of the ionic radius against proton number. [2 marks]
(ii) Explain your graph. [3 marks]
(b) In industry, one of the stages in nitrogen extraction is the liquefaction of air by applying
high pressure and low temperature. The liquefied air contains mainly nitrogen, oxygen
and argon.
12 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008
Explain why the relative molecular mass of aluminium chloride shows different values
at the different temperatures. [3 marks]
9 Compound A, with the molecular formula C5H12O, which has a straight chain structure
is an optically active alcohol. When A is heated with alumina, compounds B and C
are formed. B shows geometrical isomerism but C does not. When C is heated with an
acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution, compound D is formed and a gas which turns
lime water chalky is evolved. When D is heated with an aqueous solution of ammonia,
compound E is formed which reacts with lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III) to form
compound F.
(i) Write the structural formulae of compounds A, B, C, D, E and F. Justify your
answers. [10 marks]
(ii) Write the structural formulae of the cis and trans isomers of compound B. [1 mark]
(iii) Write the equations for all the reactions above. [4 marks]
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 13
PAPER 1
Section A Energy
+10.5 kJ
+10.5kJ +(10.5 + 200) kJ
1. D Let relative molecular mass of haemoglobin NO + O3
molecule, HbFe4 = Mr.
4 × 55.8
% Fe = ———— × 100 = 0.335% –200 kJ
Mr NO2 + O2
Mr = 6.66 × 104
2. A 2B + 3H2 → B2H6 Reaction coordinate
1.00 g boron forms 1.278 g B2H6
∴ Mass of H = 0.278 g 10. B A Lewis base is an electron-pair donor. NH3
mol B 2 has a lone pair that is donated to the empty
——— = — orbital in BF3.
mol H 6
92.0
1.00 11. B [C2H5OH] = ——– = 2 mol dm–3
—— 46
Ar 1
⇒ ——— = — ⇒ Ar = 10.8 120.0
0.278 3 [CH3COOH] = ——— = 2 mol dm–3
——– 60
1
C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 +
Let % abundance of 10B : 11B = x% : (100 – x)% H2O
10x + 11(100 – x) Let x = number of moles of ethanol that has
∴ ————–——— = 10.8
100 reacted
⇒ x = 20% x2
—————— = 4.0
∴ 10B : 11B = 1 : 4 (2 – x)(2 – x)
3. A First ionisation energy is the amount of energy ⇒ x = 1.333
required to remove one mole of electrons ∴ Mass of C2H5OH left = (2 – 1.333) × 46
from one mole of gaseous atoms to form one = 30.7 g
mole of unipositive ions. 12. D For Kc = Kp, number of moles of gases on
4. A Valence electronic configuration of 3d3 4s2 right-hand side = left-hand side.
indicates that vanadium can have oxidation 13. C pH = 3.5 ⇒ [H+] = 3.16 × 10–4
states of +1 to +5. Let concentration of monobasic acid
The oxidation states of V in VO42– is +6, = c mol dm–3
in VO3– is +5, in VO2+ is +5 and in VO2+ is ∴ 25.00 × c = 27.50 × 0.10
+4. ⇒ c = 0.11 mol dm–3
5. C Fajan’s rule for a compound to exhibit high [H ] = Ka × c
+
covalent character: Ka = 9.08 × 10–7 mol dm–3
(i) Small cation 14. A A weak base and its salt forms an alkaline
(ii) Large anion buffer solution.
(iii) High ionic charge 15. C Let x = mass of X extracted in the first
6. A PCl3, ClO3– and SO32– are trigonal pyramidal extraction
in shape.
7. B x
——
100
————— = 3.00 ⇒ x = 3.60 g
3- 6.00 – x
+ CN ————
H 200
NC CN
C O H—P—H Fe ∴ Mass of X remaining in aqueous solution
H NC CN = 6.00 – 3.60 = 2.40 g
CN
Let y = mass of X extracted in the second
extraction
8. C The first graph shows the relationship: y
——
Rate = k[X] ⇒ 1st order 100
————— = 3.00 ⇒ y = 1.44 g
The second graph shows the relationship: 2.40 – y
Rate = k[Y]2 ⇒ 2nd order ————
200
9. D Total mass of X extracted = 3.60 + 1.44
= 5.04 g
14 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2008
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 15
O Si O Si O Si
(iii) 2
(iv) When an electron is transferred from R R R
one subshell to another, the electron where R = alkyl group
gains energy and is promoted to a (ii) High viscosity liquid / stable towards
higher subshell. The total energy of heat / chemically inert
16 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2008
(b) (i) H
acid.
reaction coordinate
(ii) Long chain of amino acids bonded by
peptide linkages 6. (a) N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g)
(iii) Hydrogen bonds are disrupted and Initial: 1 mol 1 mol 0 mol
hydrolysis occurs on the –CONH- At equilibrium: 0.8 mol 0.4 mol 0.4 mol
group.
0.8 0.4 0.4
(iv) Hydrogen bond between C=O group of ≡ [ ] in 2 dm3 —— mol —— mol —— mol
2 2 2
an insulin molecule with N–H group of
another insulin molecule. [NH3]2
Kc = ————–
[N2] [H2]3
Section B
0.4 2
5. (a) VSEPR (valence-shell electron-pair repulsion) 冢——
2 冣
theory states that the geometry of a molecule = ——————
0.8 0.4 3
is determined by the repulsion among the
electron-pairs associated with a central atom.
冢
—— ——
2 冣冢2 冣
The electron-pairs arrange themselves as far = 12.5 mol–2 dm6
apart as possible to minimise the repulsion. (b) Gas X is N2O4.
Repulsion between electron-pairs increases Gas Y is NO2.
in the order: Decomposition of N2O4 to NO2 is an
bond pair – bond pair < bond pair – lone endothermic process.
pair < lone pair – lone pair N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) ; ∆H = +ve
CH4: Has four bonding electron-pairs and When heated, the equilibrium position shifts
no lone pair. Hence, tetrahedral shape with to the right, colourless N2O4 decomposes to
bond angle of 109.5°. the brown NO2.
H When cooled, the equilibrium position shifts
to the left, colourless N2O4 is formed.
(c) N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
H C H (i) When pressure is increased, the
H mixture turns light brown / pale
•CH3: Has three bonding electron-pairs yellow as more N2O4 is formed. The
and one lone electron. Hence, trigonal equilibrium position shifts to the left
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 17
18 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2008
H H H H H
B 2-pentene
When heated with alumina, A undergoes
H H H elimination to alkenes B and C.
H C C C C C H
C is an alkene with C=C double bond at
H H H H H one end. Under strong oxidation (when
C 1-pentene heated with KMnO4), the C=C double
bond breaks and carboxylic acid D is
H H H O formed and CO2 gas that turns lime
water chalky is evolved.
H C C C C OH
When carboxylic acid D is heated with
H H H
ammonia, an amide E is formed.
D butanoic acid
H H H H H H H H C2H5
cis-2-pentene trans-2-pentene
H C C C C N H
H H H H
F butanamine
(iii)
H H H OH H H H H H H H
Al2O3
2H C C C C C H H C C C C C H + H C C C C C H + 2H2O
䉭
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
A B C
H H H H H H O
KMnO4
H C C C C C H + 5[O] H C C C C OH + CO2 + H2O
䉭
H H H H H H H H
C D
H H H O H H H O H
H C C C C OH + NH3 H C C C C N H + H2O
䉭
H H H H H H
D E
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 19
H H H H H H H
E F
10. (a) Free radical addition polymerisation.
(i) Initiation step:
Benzoyl peroxide, C6H5COO–OOCC6H5 acts as initiator, undergoes photochemical/thermal
decomposition to form free radicals
C6H5COO OOCC6H5 → 2C6H5COO• → 2C6H5• + 2CO2
C6H5• + CH3CH = CH2 → C6H5CHCH2•
CH3
(ii) Propagation steps:
The free radical reacts with propene monomer to form another free radical.
The chain propagates as successive monomers add on until a long polymeric chain is formed.
C6H5CHCH2• + CH CH2 → C6H5 CHCH2CHCH2•
CH3
(b) (i) Z is
H H H H
H C C C C H
H H Cl H
Z is optically active implies that Z has a chiral carbon that is attached to four different groups.
C2H5 C2H5
C* C*
Cl H H Cl
CH3 CH3
Z undergoes elimination reaction with ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution to form two
different alkenes (unsaturated organic compounds): 1-butene, CH3CH2CH=CH2 and 2-butene,
CH3CH=CHCH3.
CH3CH2CH(Cl)CH3 + KOH → CH3CH2CH=CH2 + KCl + H2O
CH3CH2CH(Cl)CH3 + KOH → CH3CH=CHCH3 + KCl + H2O
2-butene forms two geometrical (cis-trans) isomers because it has different groups on the unsaturated
carbon atom.
20 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2008
H C C C C H C C C C
(ii) There are three possible isomers of Z that give only one organic compound with ethanolic KOH.
CH3 CH3
Cl
The products formed do not have geometrical isomers because they have the same group on the
unsaturated carbon atoms.
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2008 Actual 2008 STPM Chemistry Examination Paper 21