11-2 PROBABILITY AND

PUNNET SQUARES

Mr. Alejandro Cruz

2 Mr. Cruz

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 The principles of probability

can be used to explain the
results of genetic crosses


Mendel
 Probability
 The likelihood that a
particular event will occur

11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares CIDEB

3 Mr. Cruz

 Flipping a coin: two

possible outcomes

 Therefore
 The probability that a single
coin flip will come up heads
is 1 chance in 2. This is:
 ½ = 50 %

11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares CIDEB

4 Mr. Cruz

Flipping a coin three times in a row

What is the probability that it will land heads up
every time?
Each coin flip is an independent event

Therefore

The probability of flipping three

heads in a row is:

½ * ½ * ½ = 1/8

11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares CIDEB

5 Mr. Cruz

 How is coin flipping relevant to

genetics?
 Allele segregation is random
(like a coin flip)
 The principles of probability
can be used to predict the
outcomes of genetic crosses

What is the probability that a tossed

¼ or 25 %
coin will come up tails twice in a row?

11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares CIDEB

6 Homozygous Mr. Cruz
Punnett Square
Heterozygous

Gene combinations

Genetic makeup Genotype

Physical
characteristic Phenotype
Organisms Organisms that
that have two have two different
identical alleles for the
alleles same trait
for a
CIDEB
particular trait 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares
7 Mr. Cruz

An F1 plant that is
homozygous for
shortness is crossed
with a heterozygous F1
plant.
What is the probability
that a seed from the
Do these plants have cross will produce a
the same genotype? tall plant?
Do these plants have
the same phenotype? 50 %
All of the offspring
would be tall

11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares CIDEB

8 Mr. Cruz

Section 11- 2
THE END
Mr. Cruz

11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares CIDEB