saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro

daTvi gadavida mTaze

sabWoTa kavSiris sabrZolo taqtika avRaneTSi

saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro

daTvi gadavida mTaze

sabWoTa kavSiris sabrZolo taqtika avRaneTSi

Tbilisi 2009

moskovis frunzes saxelobis samxedro akademiam 1991 wels gamosca saxelmZRvanelo `sabWoTa Zalebis sabrZolo moqmedebebi avRaneTis respublikaSi~. Tavisi sardlobisa da generaluri Stabis sabrZolo nawilebis oficrebisTvis im gakveTilebis asaTviseblad da gasaTvaliswineblad, romelic sabWoTa kavSiris samxedro meTaurebma avRaneTSi miiRes. SemdgomSi ruseTSi gamocemuli saxelmZRvanelo damuSavda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis ucxouri samxedro gamocdilebis Seswavlis centrSi (fort levenvorsi, kanzasi). rusul saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli publikaciebi ki samxedro TvalsazrisiT daamuSava lester v. graum. saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoTqmuli an gamoyenebuli Sexedulebebi, daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi mxolod avtorebs ekuTvniT da ar asaxaven aSS romelime samTavrobo struqturis Sexedulebebs. saxelmZRvanelos SemuSavebaze muSaobdnen sxvadasxva qveynis warmomdgenlebi. amerikeli redaqtori v. grau wers: ,,general-polkovnik fiodor kuzminis SemweobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda am wignis momzadeba. frunzes akademiis sxva oficrebma, didi daxmareba aRmomiCines, kerZod: general-maioma ivan vorobiovma da polkovnikma anatoli malinma. redaqtori agreTve wers: ,,generalma iahia navrozma, avRaneTis Tavdacvis saministros operaciebis yofilma sardalma, mojahedebis strategma da Tavdacvis droebiTma ministrma waikiTxa da Seaswora Cemi xelnaweri da aseve daazusta da Caaswora geografiuli adgilebis saxelebi. polkovnikma ali ahmad jalilim, avRaneTis armiisa da mojahedebis yofilma sardalma da cnobilma avtorma, aseve waikiTxa da Seaswora Cemi xelnaweri, daazusta da Caaswora geografiuli adgilebis saxelebi. rukebi moamzades stiven q. stiumenma da martin e. viosolekma. waikiTxa da Tavisi mxarem dapirispirebulma sazogadoebas. saxelmZRvaneloSi batalionisa da aseulis meTaurebi, oceulis meTaurebi da serJantebi sakmaod saintereso sakiTxebs aRmoaCenen. maT SesaZloa aq ipovon Seufasebeli informacia im saafrTxeebis Sesaxeb, romlis winaSec SesaZloa maT daqvemdebarebaSi myofi taqtikuri erTeuli dadges sabrZolo moqmedebebis dros. da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, winamdebare wignis mosazrebebi daexmareba samxedro meTaurebs, ukeT gaigon usafrTxoebis, patrulirebis, iniciativis xelSi aRebis saWiroeba mowinaaRmdegis araprognozirebad qmedebebTan gasamklaveblad. qarTuli gamocemis redaqtori qeTevan osefaiSvili amitomac rogorc vxedavT, saxelmZRvanelo kuTxiT igi ufro daamuSava daainteresebs orive farTo mosazrebebis

58sarCevi winasityvaoba............................................................................. 9 Sesavali...................................................................................... 16 frunzes akademiis komentarebi winamdebare nakrebis momzadebasTan dakavSirebiT......................................................22 Tavi 1: partizanuli dajgufebebis blokireba da ganadgureba............25 sahaero-sadesanto batalionis mier sofel Serxanxelis Cxreka maiori s. n. etrovi...................................................................................26 Carikaris xeobaSi dasaxlebuli teritoriis Cxreka leitenanti a. l. Makoveevi.............................................................30 kunaris provinciaSi partizanTa dajgufebis blokireba da ganadgureba maiori v. a. Gukalovi....................................................................35 qalaq bamianisa da misi mimdebare qalaqebis Cxreka reidis dros maiori a. p. Pivovarenko...............................................................38 mdinare argandabis mwvane zonis blokireba da Cxreka vice-polkovniki s. v. Zelenski........................................................42 iSkameSis regionSi partizanTa jgufis blokireba, moZieba da ganadgureba maiori a.m. kovirSini....................................................................48 helmandis provinciaSi ,,mwvane zonis gawmenda maiori v. i. kuroCkini....................................................................54 soflis wmenda avRaneTisa da sabWoTa qvedanayofebis mier maiori s. g. Davidenko..................................................................58 potenciuri Casafrebis adgilebis wmenda kapitani i. p. tereSCenko..............................................................63 vardujis xeobaSi mojahedebis blokireba, moZieba da ganadgureba maiori s. v. Krutiakovi..................................................................66 mTa xelbis Tanmimdevruli blokireba da wmenda anuSelas maxloblad maiori p. a. Skovorodnikovi..........................................................70 dasaxlebuli regionis blokireba da wmenda vice-polkovniki v. v. Subini...........................................................75

mowinaaRmdegis blokireba soflebSi da misi ganadgureba wmendis dros maior s.s. gazarianis mier............................................................80
Tavi 2: ieriSi dasaxlebul adgilebsa da mTebSi................................84 Tavdasxma heratis ganapira mxareebSi maiori v.m. bogdaSkini.................................................................85 motomsroleli batalionis, rogorc sareido qvedanayofis, sabrZolo moqmedebebi maiori s.a. nikitini..................................................91

ieriSi xadigais kanionze, iaraRisa da sabrZolo masalis faruli maragis xelSi Cagdeba.................................................................95 sahaero-sadesanto batalioni xelSi igdebs satukandavis uReltexils vice-polkovnik a.n. SiSkovis mixedviT...........................................100 Sturmis mitana sofel spinakalaCaze podpolkovnik v.d. vlasianis mixedviT.....................................................................................107 motomsroleli batalionis ieriSi RamiT andarabis kanionis mTebSi maior v.g. tarasiukis mixedviT......................................................112 Tavi 3: taqtikuri sahaero ieriSebis gamoyeneba.............................121 taqtikuri sahaero ieriSebi nangarharisa da lagmanis provinciebSi maiori s.a. urbani.........................................................................122 sahaero-sadesanto ieriSi sofel rumbasis raionSi maiori v.v. kovalevi......................................................................126 sahaero desantis ieriSi da mowinaaRmdegis blokireba lar-mandikulis xeobaSi maiori v.g. Cabanenko.....................................................131 partizanuli Zalis ganadgureba sahaero desantis ieriSiT logaris provinciaSi maiori v.v. selivanovi..................................................136 taqtikuri sahaero ieriSiT mojahedebis saswavlo centris xelSi Cagdeba da SenarCuneba vice-polkovniki v.g. istrati.....................143 sahaero-sadesanto batalioni eSveba islam-daras kanionSi (xeobaSi) da izolaciaSi moaqcevs mas vice-polkovniki s.i. pari...........................148 taqtikuri sahaero ieriSis ganxorcieleba ,,melavas gamagrebul regionSi maiori n.g. tenkovi.......................................................................154 Tavi 4: Tavdacva da usafrTxoebis saguSagoebi.............................159 motomsroleli oceuli axorcielebs Tavdacvas sofel iurmis gareT avt. maiori s.m. miliuki.................................................................160 usafrTxoebis gare saguSagos (mowinave saguSagos) mowyoba qabulis gareubnebSi avt. maiori s.v. moskini.................................165 usafrTxoebis saguSagoze ganxorcielebuli reidis mogerieba avt. maiori i.a. egiazarovi.............................................................169 mobiluri usafrTxoebis patruli sabrZolo moqmedebebSi, sofel kandaranTan axlos avt. vice-polkovniki f.z. Jitoriuki.......................173 mobiluri usafrTxoebis patruli xinjanis xeobaSi anadgurebs amboxebulTa Zalebs. avt. f.v. Jitoriuki..........................................176 mojahedebis mier panSeris dablobze usafrTxoebis qvedanayofze ganxorcielebuli Setevis mogerieba avt. vice-polkovniki v.g. serebriakovi............................................179

samxedro bazis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa avt. vice polkovniki a. iunakovi..................................................................182 sakomunikacio xazebis dacva avt. vice-polkovniki m. Tubeevi........186 Tavi 5: sagzao MmarSi da kolonis eskorti......................................192 avtokolonis eskorti qabulidan Raznimde maiori v.i. rovba..............193 kolonis eskorti sahaero-moieriSe aseulis mier yunduzis provinciaSi maiori a.m. portnovi....................................................................198 kolonis eskorti da brZola sofel daulatabadSi v ice-polkovniki a. a. Agzamovi........................................................202 kolonis eskorti da brZola malixelTan maiori a. i. Guboglo...............207 Tavi VI: Casafrebis mowyoba........................................................212 gaZlierebuli motomsroleli aseuli awyobs Casafrebas yandaRaris provinciaSi maiori v.i. pavlenko....................................................213 sahaero-sadesanto jgufis Casafreba xidze vice-polkovniki v.p. gladiSevi.......................................................218 motomsroleli oceuli awyobs Casafrebas aibakis teritoriaze maiori v.n. popovi........................................................................222 motomsroleli aseuli awyobs Casafrebas loi-yarezis regionSi maiori a.v. vanianci......................................................................227 sahaero-sadesanto oceuli awyobs Casafrebas helmandis provinciaSi maiori a.a. tolkaCevi....................................................................231 rekognoscirebis gaZlierebuli oceuli awyobs Casafrebas surubis CrdilodasavleTiT. maiori i.v. solonini......................................................236 Casafrebis mowyoba xanabadis teritoriaze radioSetyobinebis daWeris Sedegad miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT vice-polkovniki a.m. tangaevi.......................................................242

gaZlierebuli motomsroleli aseuli axorcielebs Casafrebas jalalabadis Crdilo-dasavleTSi maiori v.p. podvorni.............248
rekognoscirebis oceuli awyobs Casafrebas mowinaaRmdegis mier kontrolirebul teritoriaze. maiori v.a. stolbinski..............................254 rekognoscirebis gaZlierebuli aseuli awyobs Casafrebas bagramis dasavleTiT. maiori v.n. siomini.....................................................261 Casafrebis mowyoba mTa iakpais gadasasvlelze vice-polkovniki v.i. korotkixi.........................................................265

Tavi VII daskvnisTvis....................................................................270

winasityvaoba

rodesac sabWoTa kavSirma avRaneTis okupacia gadawyvita, maT TavianTi warmatebis Sansebi im gamocdilebis safuZvelze Seafases, romelic aRmosavleT germaniaSi, ungreTsa da CexoslovakiaSi miiRes. sakuTari jariskacebisa da avRaneli xalxis saubedurod, maT ugulebelyves ara mxolod britanelebis gamocdileba amave regionSi, aramed 1918-1933 wlebSi Sua aziaSi basmaCebTan brZolis dros miRebuli sakuTari gamocdilebac. Sedegad, avRaneTSi sabWoTa armiam aRmoaCina, rom misi taqtika araadekvaturi iyo im gamowvevebTan dasapirispireblad, romelsac qveynis adgilmdebareoba da TavisuflebisTvis mebrZoli mojahedebi qmnidnen. im gakveTilebis asaTviseblad, romelic maTma taqtikurma liderebma avRaneTSi iswavles da mogvianebiT taqtikaSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebis asaxsnelad, frunzes samxedro akademiam winamdebare wigni Seadgina Tavisi sardlobisa da generaluri Stabis sabrZolo nawilebis oficrebisTvis. gakveTilebi Rirebulia ara mxolod rusi oficrebisTvis, aramed nebismieri qveynis oceulis, aseulisa da batalionis meTaurebis taqtikuri momzadebisTvis, maTTvis, vinc konfliqtebSi Cabmas apirebs sxvadasxva garemoebebSi, iqneba es samoqalaqo omi, partizanuli Zalebi Tu rTuli adgilmdebareoba. wigni moicavs taqtikuri brZolis yvela elements: msxverpli da sikvdilianoba, adaptacia da gadarCena. dawyebidan Teqvsmeti wlis da dasrulebidan eqvsi wlis Tavze sabWoTaavRanuri omi kvlav did amocanad rCeba dasavleTisTvis. aRmosavleT germaniaSi (1953), ungreTsa (1956) da CexoslovakiaSi (1968) sabWoTa armiis adrindeli warmatebuli intervenciebisa da poloneTze drodadro uZlevel ganxorcielebuli samxedro zewolis fonze, sabWoTa saxelmwifos Zlieri samxedro Zalaufleba sabWoTa daucxromeli politikuri Zalis iaraRad Canda. evropis masStabiT sabWoTa agresiuli moqmedebebis arealiT SeSfoTebis miuxedavad, dasavleTi madlieri iyo, rom birTvuli TavSekavebis Sedegad civi omis balansi SenarCunda da iZulebuli iyo mieRo (Tumca uxalisod) socialistur Sedegad, amerikelebi Tanamegobrobasa da sabWoTa sasazRvro regionebSi sabWoTa intervenciis Sedegebi. vietnamSi miRebuli travmis cnobismoyvareobiT adevnebdnen Tvals, rogor

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moaxerxebda saqebari sabWoTa samxedro manqana am ,,stumarTmoZule regionis mcxovreblebTan gamklavebas. zogierTebma mecxramete saukunis bolos periodis britaneTis avRanuri gamocdilebac gaixsenes, rodesac swored am avRanelTa winaprebi gaumklavdnen britanul imperiul Zalas. Tumca, zogierTi dasavleli eqsperti eWvobda, rom sabWoelebi saboloo gamarjvebas miaRwevdnen. zogierTma ki Tavisi evropuli SiSi aziaze gadaitana da sabWoTa strategiuli ieriSis samxreT aziaze gamoyenebis SesaZleblobac ki dauSva. ramodenime strategiulma da samxedro eqspertma isic ki ivarauda, rom sabWoTa strategiul Setevas, SesaZloa samxreT avRaneTidan sparseTis yuris sanapiroebi moecva, raTa dapirispireboda dasavleTis strategiul interesebs aseTi da xeli SeeSala da axlo aRmosavleTis navTobze dasavleTis sabWoTa monopoliaze. SiSisa seriozuli gafrTxilebebis miuxedavad, samxedro moqmedebebi avRaneTSi male Sesustda, radganac britanuli gamocdileba ganmeorda. miuxedavad imisa, rom avRaneTSi sakmaod STambeWdavi ZaliT Sevida, realurad, sabWoTa samxedro moqmedebebi sakmaod SezRuduli iyo da avRaneTis uzarmazarma da moSiSvlebulma teritoriam aqamde dampyroblebi ucnaurma STanTqa. am metwilad axali unayofo teritoriaze SeiZina. partizani mebrZolebi mniSvnelovnad momravldnen da ramdenime TveSi sityvam ,,mojahedi mniSvneloba mosalodneli xanmokle, mwvave brZola droSi sakmaod gaiwela, xolo dasavleTi yuradRebiT akvirdeboda movlenebs, radganac ainteresebda, Tu rogor moaxerxebda sabWoTa samxedro manqana winaaRmdegobasTan gamklavebas. etapobrivad upiratesobis mopovebis sakiTxi dRis wesrigidan gaqra da gaCnda eWvebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, saerTod moaxerxebda Tu ara sabWoTa armia gamarjvebas. saboloo jamSi, bedis ironiiT, sabWoelebmac ki ver moaxerxes winaaRmdegobasTan gamklaveba da avRanuri avantiuris daavadeba sabWoTa sazogadoebas da sabWoTa saxelmwifosac ki gadaedo. is, rac daiwyo, rogorc kidev erTi nabiji sabWoTa Zalauflebis gafarToebisa, sistemuri institucionaluri eWvebiT dasrulda, ramac gamoavlina korufcia sabWoTa sistemaSi da saboloo jamSi, mTliani sistema da misi metropolia dangrevamde miiyvana. dReisaTvis dasavluri Sexeduleba avRaneTis omis Sesaxeb idumalebiTaa moculi. sabWoTa mwerlebma dasavleTs politikuri diatribis, samxedro fabulis, alegoriisa da analogiis narevi SesTavazes, romelic mxolod mcireoden faqtebs Tu Seicavda. dasavleTma movlenebi swored am

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sabWoTa masalaze, mojahedebis zerele Sefasebebze, avRaneTSi dasavleli korespondentebis informaciasa da aSkara varaudebze dayrdnobiT gaaSuqa. winamdebare wigni - pirveli faqtobrivi masala, romelic Suqs mohfens konfliqts - warmoadgens pirvel unikalur mcdelobas avRanuri faqtebis dasadgenad. ramdenime aSkara realoba Tavidanve Cndeba, rac avRaneTis oms swori kuTxiT warmoaCens da misi sworad Sefasebis saSualebas iZleva sabWoTa samxedro, politikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis konteqstSi. pirveli _ miuxedavad imisa, rom Zaladobrivi da gamanadgurebeli omi iyo, is mainc SezRuduli gaxldaT sxva bolodroindel adgilobriv omebTan SedarebiT. is sisastikiTa da simtkiciT ar hgavda arabeTsa da israels Soris im xanmokle omebs, romelTac daRi daasves civi omis wlebs. mas aklda is kargad gansazRvruli, dasrulebas farTomasStabiani xeli. is samxedro operaciebi da politikuri SeTanxmebebi, rasac koreis omis dros hqonda adgili da ramac omis Seuwyo aseve mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeboda vietnamSi aSS-s omisgan, romelsac xSirad adarebdnen. vietnamSi amerikel samxedroTa raodenoba 500,000-s aRemateboda da amerikelebma iq uamravi sadivizio operacia ganaxrocieles. SedarebisTvis, avRaneTSi, romelic vietnams sididiT xuTjer aRemateba, sabWoTa armiis raodenoba 90 dan 104,000_mde meryeobda. sabWoTa kavSiris xuTi divizia, oTxi brigada da oTxi polki da aseve me-40 armiis mcire SenaerTebi cdilobdnen usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas 21 provinciuli centrisa da ramdenime samrewvelo Tu ekonomikuri obieqtisTvis. maT Zalian uWirdaT usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa aTasobiT soflisa da asobiT milze gadaWimuli sakomunikacio marSrutebisTvis, romlebic am uzarmazar regions moicavda. meore _ sabWoTa armias, romelic usafrTxoebis kuTxiT arsebuli gamowvevis winaSe idga da romelsac saomar moqmedebebze morgebuli samxedro doqtrina, strategia da operaciuli da taqtikuri teqnika awva tvirTad, gauWirda iseTi samxedro meTodologia moefiqrebina, romelic avRanul gamowvevebTan gasamklaveblad Sesaferisi iqneboda. avRaneTze rom araferi vTqvaT, 80-iani wlebi samxedro TvalsazrisiT, gamowvevebiT aRsavse periodi iyo sabWoTa kavSirisTvis, radganac is cvalebadi politikursamxedro da samxedro_teqnikuri realobebis xelSi Casagdebad ibrZoda. mzardma Sejibrma SeiaraRebaSi da dasavluri demokratiebis gazrdilma samxedro Zalam uprecedentod SezRuda isedac sakmaod dasustebuli sabWoTa ekonomika da aiZula sabWoTa kavSiri mzardi samxedro xarjebis

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winaSe damdgariyo im dros, rodesac adrindelma ,,gantvirTvis politikam gazarda xalxTa Soris kontaqtebi da sabWoTa momxmarebelTa molodinic gaamyara. sabWoTa samxedro xelmZRvanelobas realobebs, sul ufro uWirda gamklaveboda samxedro-teqnikur romelic SeiaraRebaSi

teqnologiuri revoluciis formiT arsebobda da romelmac ZviradRirebuli maRali teqnologiuri sizustis SeiaraRebis bundovani aCrdili Seqmna. moklevadian periodSi, rodesac gamoiZebna sakiTxis ekonomikuri da teqnologiuri gadawyveta, samxedroebi iZulebuli gaxdnen axal realobebze moergoT TavianTi operaciuli da taqtikuri koncefciebi da samxedro Zalebis struqtura. es swored im periods daemTxva, rodesac samxedro Zalebi Sesabamis meTodebs eZebdnen avRaneTis omSi saomrad. am ormagi gamowvevebis Sedegad, sabWoTa kavSirma axali koncefcia SeimuSava omis sawarmoeblad, arasworxazovani formiT. is im brZolis velze iyo morgebuli, sadac ufro letaluri, maRali sizustis iaraRi dominirebda. es axali, arasworxazovani da brZolis veli da tradiciul saoperacio srul da taqtikur formirebebze gadaxedvasa moiTxovda, uaris Tqmas, romlis drosac eSelonirebis Sesaxeb SenaerTebis sabrZolo tradiciuli koncefciis reorganizacias da Sedegad,

formirebebisa

moqnilobaze

sicocxlisunarianobaze unda gamaxvilebuliyo yuradReba. 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi da Sua periodSi sabWoTa SeiaraRebulma Zalebma Secvala Tavisi strategiuli ieriSis koncefcia, sahaero Tavdacvis eSelonirebis axali koncefcia SeimuSava, axali Zalovani struqturebi gamoiyena, rogoricaa korpusi, brigada da Sereuli SeiaraRebis mqone batalioni, aseve gamoscada axali, ufro moqnili, logistikuri mxardaWeris koncefciebi (materialuri uzrunvelyofisTvis) da miiRo iseTi inovaciuri taqtikuri teqnika, rogoricaa ,,janSanjgufis gamoyeneba. avRaneTi ara mxolod sacdeli adgili gaxda bevri am dabali donis koncefciisTvis, aramed aseve moiTxova axali teqnikis gamoyenebac. [egreT amrigad, avRaneTis brZolis velze gaCnda TavianTi brigada, unarebi materialuri uzrunvelyofis batalioni da ,,javSanjgufi, sadazvervo-diversiulma wodebuli ,,specrazmis] SenaerTebma gaaRrmaves, xolo sahaero Tavdasxmis teqnika farTod gamoiyenes. mesame _ sabWoTa Zalebis uunarobam, moego omi, mas neli sisxlisRvra miusaja im procesis Sedegad, ramac gamoavlina swored samxedro Zalebis, aseve sabWoTa politikuri struqturisa da Tavad sazogadoebis sisuste. wvevamdelTa armiis gamoyenebam, rasac Tan sdevda jarebis perioduli rotacia, imedgacrueba gamoiwvia omis garSemo

13

arsebul perspeqtivebTan dakavSirebiT da jariskacebs sakuTari Tavisadmi eWvebi aRuZra. es ganwyoba Semdeg mTel sabWoTa mosaxleobas moedo. saomar mdgomareobaSi myof armiaSi ase TvalnaTliv arsebuli problemebi male mikrogaremo gaxda faruli problemebisTvis, ramac mTeli sabWoTa sazogadoeba SeaSfoTa. saeWvo gzavnilebi exeboda samxedro, politikur, eTnikur da socialur sakiTxebs. sabolood, isini mwvave da gamanadgurebeli gaxda. amis dasamtkiceblad, sakmarisia mxolod bolo dros gamoqveynebul maCveneblebs gadavxedoT msxverplis Sesaxeb, problemis siRrmiseulad Sesafaseblad. avRaneTSi sabWoTa kavSiris mxridan daRupulTa da dakargulTa raodenobam TiTqmis 15 000 Seadgina, maSin roca aTwlian omSi sul 642 000 samxedro monawileobda. da erTic _ micvalebulebi saidumloebebs ar gascemen. kidev ufro STambeWdavi iyo is cifrebi, romlis mixedviTac msxverplis raodenoba 469 685-s Seadgenda, rac mTliani sabWoTa Zalis 73% iyo. kidev ufro Semzaravi iyo im samxedroebis raodenoba, romlebic avadmyofobisgan daiRupnen (415 932), saidanac 115 308 infeqciuri daavadebiT (hepatitiT), xolo 31 080 muclis tifiT gardaicvala. es katastrofuli maCvenebeli sabWoTa samxedroebis higienasa da jaris yofiT pirobebze miuTiTeben. es gaugonari ricxvebia Tanamedrove armiasa da medicinaSi da maTi socialuri zemoqmedeba dabrunebulTa da sabWoTa mosaxleobas Soris, zogadad, rogorc Cans, uzarmazari iqneboda. winamdebare wigni sabWoeTis avRanur gamocdilebas adamianur saxes aZlevs da kidev ufro aRrmavebs manamde arsebul mwir Sefasebas omTan dakavSirebiT. wigni aseve ganagrZobs sabWoTa generaluri Stabis miswrafebas brZolis detaluri analizisaken omis dros miRebuli konkretuli sabrZolo gamocdilebis safuZvelze. aSkaraa yvela xarvezi, rac SeiZleba gaxdes armiaSi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis safuZveli. wigni warmoadgens, zogadad, omis Tu portrets, rogor mis taqtikas konkretulad sabWoTa da jariskacTa operacia mdgomareobas. is aseve aRwers dasavluri dazvervis suraTs imasTan dakavSirebiT, CamorCeboda taqtikuri daaxloebiT 10 wliT realobas. is asaxavs im tkivilsa da imedgacruebas, romelic sabWoTa samxedroebs hqondaT da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, uzrunvelyofs im SorsmWvretelur Sexedulebebs, Tu ratom da rogor gaaRviva amgvarma samxedro gamocdilebam politikuri da socialuri areuloba sabWoTa kavSirSi. es aris pirveli gulaxdili monaTxrobi sabWoeTis avRanuri istoriis Sesaxeb. vimedovnebT, rom is ukanaskneli ar iqneba.

14

D devid m. glanci gadamdgari polkovniki, aSS armia, karlisli, pensilvania

polkovniki glanci aris dasavleTis wamyvani eqsperti sabWoTa armiis sakiTxebSi meore msoflio omis dros da aseve, wamyvani figura amJamindel rusul-amerikul samxedro TanamSromlobis iniciativebSi. igi aris avtori Semdegi naSromebisa: ,,rodesac titanebi omoben: rogor SeaCera wiTelma armiam hitleri; ,,sabWoTa samxedro veragoba meore msolflio omis dros; ,,sabWoTa samxedro operaciebis xelovneba realuri brZolis kvaldakval; ,,sabWoTa samxedro dazverva omis dros; ,,sabWoTa kavSiris

15

samxedro dawyeba;

strategia: istoria; ,,sabWoTa

,, sabWouri

taqtikuri Zalebis

manevri: Setevis istoria; ,,donidan

sahaero-sadesanto

dnepramde: sabWoTa SemteviTi operaciebi 1942 wlis dekemberi, 1943 wlis agvisto; da omis sawyisi periodi aRmosavleT frontze: 1941 wlis 22 ivnisiagvisto. igi aris omis sabWouri swavlebis gamocemebis redaqtori da aseve, slavur samxedro swavlebaTa Jurnalis redaqtori. bolos is iyo ucxouri samxedro kanzasi). gamocdilebis Seswavlis centris direqtori (fort levenvorsi,

16

Sesavali sabWoTa kavSiris SeiaraRebuli Zalebi wvrTnidnen sakuTar Zalebs birTvuli da maRal intensiuri brZolebisTvis CrdiloeT evropisa da CrdiloeT CineTis velebze sabrZolvelad, Tumca Semdeg sabWoeTis politikurma liderebma gadaisroles jari avRaneTis samoqalaqo omSi marqsist-leninuri mTavrobis mxardasaWerad. imisgan, teritoria, klimati da metoqe sruliad jari. am gansxvavdeboda risTvisac emzadeboda sabWoTa

pirobebSi maTi aRWurviloba naklebad efeqturi iyo, maTi Zalebis struqtura aSkarad Seusabamo da taqtika _ aSkarad mcdari. sabWoTa kavSiris moqalaqeebisTvis gaugebari iyo, ratom ibrZodnen maTi Svilebi ucxo miwaze da ras matebda maTi Tavganwirva samSoblos. gavleniani ojaxebi axerxebdnen pativiscemiT. sakuTari xSirad Svilebis isini dacvas avRaneTSi gawvevisgan. ki avRaneTidan dabrunebulebs ar iRebdnen rogorc gmirebs da ar eqceodnen Tanamoqalaqeebisgan undoblobasac imsaxurebdnen. warmoiSva ufskruli sazogadobasa da SeiaraRebul Zalebs Soris da bevri veteranisTvis rTuli aRmoCnda Zveli cxovrebis stilze dabruneba. avRaneTis omis eqo kvlav ismis dRevandel ruseTSi. komunistebi avRaneTis saTaveSi sisxliani gadatrialebiT 1978 wlis 27 aprils movidnen. axalma prezidentma nur m. tarakma gamoacxada miwis ganawilebis farTo programa, Secvala qalebis statusi da gamoacxada Zveli avRaneTis socialuri wyobis destruqcia. axali mTavroba sazogadoebis mcire mxardaWeriT sargeblobda. axal, aramdgrad mTavrobas TiTqmis Tavidanve win aRudga SeiaraRebuli dapirispireba. avRaneTis demokratiuli respublikis sabrZolo mzadyofna Sesustda, rodesac sisxlianma mTavrobam gawminda oficerTa rigebi. 1979 wlis martSi ajanyeba moxda qalaq heratSi. avRaneTis me-17 qveiTi jaris diviziis ZiriTadi nawili SeuerTda ajanyebulebs. tarakis mxardamWerebma daikaves qalaqi, sanam avRaneTis sahaero Zalebi bombavdnen mas da meCvidmete divizias. brZolaSi daiRupa aTasobiT adamiani, maT Soris, sabWoTa moqalaqeebic. 1979 wlis bolosTvis samxedroebma, nawilebma da mTelma brigadebma datoves samuSao adgilebi winaaRmdegobis niSnad da avRaneTis jari, sakuTari Semadgenlobis, (90 000) mxolod naxevars iTvlida. mTavrobis mier

wmendam da oficrebis gadadgomam gaanaxevra oficerTa korpusi. 1979 wlis seqtemberSi tarakis premier-ministrma hatmula aminma xelSi Caigdo xelisufleba da mokla taraki. aminis mmarTveloba ar iyo ukeTesi. sabWoTa

17

kavSirma CaTvala, rom axali komunisturi saxelmwifo gadioda misi kontrolidan moskovma da moskovis orbitidan. sabWoTa qu de politbiurom meinze. daiwyo moqmedebebi situaciis stabilizaciis mizniT. 1979 wlis 27 dekembers dartyma ganaxorciela gamoiyenes Cexoslovakiaze ganxorcielebuli Tavdasxmis teqnika, sadac maT daikaves mTavari qalaqebi, radiosadgurebi da energetikuli centri. maT mokles amini da avRaneTSi daamyares komunisturi reJimi, romelsac saTaveSi Caudga babraq male qarmali. axalma rom reJimma daamarcxa avRaneTis jaris winaaRmdegoba da daiwyo sakuTari Zalauflebis konsolidacia. sabWoeTma aRmoaCina, avRaneTSi ar ganmeordeboda Cexoslovakiis gamocdileba. maTi angariSiT, omi ramdenime TveSi unda dasrulebuliyo, Tumca is 9 welze metxans gagrZelda da sul ufro met Zalas moiTxovda. omSi sabWoTa kavSirma Seiwira 1,3 milioni adamianis sicocxle da 5.5 milioni avRaneli (rac avRaneTis mosaxleobis erT mesameds Seadgenda omamde) ltolvilad aqcia. 2 milioni avRaneli gaxda iZulebiTi migraciis msxverpli. soflis teritoriebi gapartaxda da dainaRma. procentulad, sabWoTa kavSirma ufro meti ziani miayena avRaneTs, vidre germaniam sabWoTa kavSirs meore msoflio omis dros. sabWoTa kavSiris koncefcia avRaneTis samxedro okupaciis Sesaxeb emyareboda: qveynis stabilizacias mTavari gzebis, mTavari qalaqebis, sahaero bazebisa da lojistikuri adgilebis dakavebis gziT; avRaneTis mTavrobis Zalebis damcvelis rolis Semcirebas da maT ganlagebas soflis teritoriebze mimdinare brZolebSi; avRaneTis ZalebisTvis lojistikuri, sahaero, saartilerio da sadazvervo mxardaWeras; sabWoTa Zalebsa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris kavSiris miniumamde Semcirebas; sabWoTa mxares miRebuli dazianebebis minimumade dayvanas da Zalebis gaZlierebas, rom mowinaaRmdegis damarcxebis

avRaneTis

Semdeg SesaZlebeli yofiliyo sabWoTa jaris ukan gawveva 1. bolos, sabWoTa kavSirma ukan daixia da komunisturi mTavroba damarcxda. daaxloebiT 620 000 sabWoTa moqalaqe msaxurobda avRaneTSi.
1

skot r. makmiCeli, ` daTvma waiborZika: sabWoTa kavSiris samxedro moqmedeba avRaneTSi~, londoni, brasis gamomcemloba 1991, gv. 10 da boris groinovi, `SezRuduli kontingenti~, moskovi, gamomcemloba progresi, 1994, gv. 172

18

maTgan 525 000 iyo sabWoTa SeiaraRebuli Zalebis, 90 000 _ saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis, xolo 5 000 _ Sinagan saqmeTa saministros TanamSromeli. sabWoTa kavSirma am omSi didi xarji gaswia, xolo daRupulTa ricxvma 13 833 Seadgina. daiWra 469 685 adamiani, romelTaganac 10 751 invalidad iqca. sabWoTa kavSirma dakarga 118 TviTmfrinavi, 333 Sveulmfreni, 147 tanki, 1314 individualuri iaraRi, 433 saartilerio danadgari, 1138 radiomowyobiloba da CP manqana, 510 sainJinro manqana da 11 369 satvirTo manqana2. arsebobs paralelebi avRaneTSi sabWoTa kavSiris rolsa da vietnamSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis rols Soris. rogorc aSS-s, ise sabWoTa kavSirs mouxda restruqturizacia da sakuTari Zalebis gadamzadeba sabrZolo zonaSi. sabolood, samxedro skolebma da sawvrTnelma bazebma daiwyes avRaneTis sabrZolo gamocdilebis gaziareba da personalis avRaneTSi samsaxurisTvis ganlagebuli iyo momzadeba. bevr raionSi, samTo Tumca brZolebis aSS sawvrTneli centrebi armiisgan gansxvavebiT,

avRaneTis omi mxolod oficerTa korpusis gamocdilebas ar emyareboda. sabWoTa kavSiris motomsroleli qvedanayofebis, SeiaraRebis, aviaciisa da artileriis 10 procenti msaxurobda avRaneTSi. Tumca, sahaero Tavdasxmisa da specdaniSnulebis3 Zalebis oficerTa umravlesoba avRaneTSi msaxurobda. kargad gawvrTnil jars sWirdeboda axali taqtika da gadaxaliseba, raTa gamklaveboda garemo-pirobebs. nawilebma, romlebmac adaptireba ganicades, miaRwies garkveul warmatebas, xolo sxvebisTvis es didi, sisxliani danaklisis mizezi gaxda. vietnamis omis dros, cvlileba aSS-s taqtikaSi xorcieldeboda skolebis, fort bregis specialuri kursebis, Jurnalebis, specialuri treining-gamocemebisa da qveiTi jaris Jurnal `Sori gamowvevis~ saSualebiT. es gamocemebi asaxavda aSS warmatebul moqmedebebs vietnamSi da aseve ganmartebebs, Tu ra iyo sworad gakeTebuli da ra moiTxovda gaumjobesebas. sabWoTa kavSirma aseve (Tumca dagvianebiT) ganixila taqtikuri cvlilebebi sakuTar taqtikur gamocemaSi `samxedro macne~ da daiwyo samTo brZolebis swavleba TurqmeneTis samxedro olqis uJgorodis sawvrTnel centrsa da sxva sawvrTnel centrebSi.
2

aleqsandre liakovskis xelnaweri, `avRaneTis simamace~, moskovi, gamomcemloba iskona, 1995

3

veteranebis

tragedia

da

specdaniSnulebis Zalebi, egreT wodebuli ,,specnazi aris gansakuTrebuli daniSnulebis razmi, romelic moicavs mraval danayofs da sxvadasxva mimarTulebis mosamsaxureebs.

19

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlasTan erTad aSS-s kavSirebi rusul samxedro seqtorTan programebi nel-nela da Seicvala. daiwyo mcire samxedro sakontaqto kavSiri or gadaidga nabijebi, raTa damyarebuliyo

gansxvavebul Zalas Soris samomavlo erToblivi operaciebisa da mSvidobis uzrunvelyofisTvis. xdeba warsulSi saidumlo klasifikaciis mqone masalebis SeTavazeba dasavleTisTvis. axlaxans miviRe 1991 wels gamocemuli wigni `sabWoTa Zalebis sabrZolo moqmedebebi avRaneTis respublikaSi~. es wigni momzadda moskovis frunzes saxelobis samxedro akademiis samxedro xelovnebis istoriis kaTedris mier. frunzes akademia aris samwliani saswavlebeli ruseTis samxedro oficrebisTvis. akademia atarebs cnobili sabWoTa samxedro Teoretikosis, Tavdacvis ministrisa da centraluri aziis mTian udabnoSi. 1920 wels sabWoTa kavSiris gamarjvebis gegmis avtoris, m. v. frunzes saxels. frunzes akademiis istoriis fakultetis warmomadgenlebi gaesaubrnen avRaneTis veteranebs, gaanalizes maTi moqmedebebi da Sesabamisi daskvnebis safuZvelze, Seadgines masala da daiwyes mTiani udabnos brZolebis swavlebis programa. wigni gankuTvnili iyo mxolod Sida moxmarebisTvis da amitom asaxavs rogorc dadebiT, aseve uaryofiT faqtorebs. rogorc Secdomebis, ise warmatebis magaliTebSi asaxulia varaudi specdaniSnulebis mraval wyaroze mxolod Zalebis, dayrdnobiT. ruseTisTvis. dazvervis, rTul bevri meTaurebisa da gansakuTrebuli Zalebis moqmedebebi. wignSi moyvanili cifrebi aris avtoris teritoriebze am partizanebis da winaaRmdeg brZola mware gakveTili gamodga. es gakveTilebi ar aris damaxasiaTebeli SecdomaTagan warmatebaTagan Tanabrad Seesabameba amerikis jaris gamocdilebas vietnamis mTebsa da junglebSi da aseve gasaTvaliswinebeli iqneba momavalSi, iqneba es samoqalaqo omi, partizanuli brZola Tu mkacri teritoria. realurad, avRaneTi ar aris mxolod udabno da mTa. aq aris tyeebic, rTuli `mwvane zonebic,~ romelic xeebis sqeli safriTaa dafaruli, sairigacio arxebi da uwesrigo nargavi mowmeebis, oceulebis axalgazrda teritoriebi. es ar aris mxolod meTaurebis, aseulebisa da avRaneTis omis istoria. es aris realuri brZolebis kadrebis aRweriloba realuri batalionebis meTaurebis, taqtikuri donis oficrebis da avRaneTis mTavrobis mrCevelebis mier. es wigni ar aRwers kargsa da cuds, es aris wigni axalgazrda meTaurebi mamakacebis gamoiyeneben gadarCenisa mas da adaptaciis msgavsi Sesaxeb. me vTargmne es wigni da gavukeTe komentarebi im imediT, rom taqtikuri momavalSi gamowvevebis

20

dasaZlevad da jariskacebis gadasarCenad. wignSi 47 brZola rukebiT aris warmodgenili. brZolebi wignSi pirvel pirSia moTxrobili, romelsac axlavs frunzes akademiisa da Cemi komentarebi. aseve wignSi damatebulia ori brZola Jurnalidan `samxedro macne~, ramdenadac CavTvale, rom isini mniSvnelovani iqneboda Tavdacvis TavisTvis. daskvniTi Tavi, romelic movamzade da generlebTan, oficrebTan jariskacebTan da aseve, wigns davurTe veteran sabWoTa Sedegad. gasaubrebebis avRaneTis

avRaneTis ruka danomrilia wignis yvela Tavis Sesabamisad. mkiTxvelisTvis maqsimaluri informaciis miwodebis mizniT, Targmani Tavisufali stiliT aris Sesrulebuli. maqsimalurad vecade, es terminologia samxedro enisTvis Semesabamebina. stefan stiumenma xelaxla Seqmna, gadaxata rusuli rukebi wignisTvis. Cven gadavTargmneT isini inglisurad, magram SevinarCuneT rusuli rukebis grafika. Cemi 26-wliani samxedro karieris ganmavlobaSi 13 weli sabWoTa grafikasTan mqonda Sexeba. Gulwrfelad vaRiareb, rom is bevrad ufro gasagebia momxmareblisTvis, vidre dasavleTis grafika, ufro moqnili da ilustraciulia. am stiliT SesaZlebelia moqmedebebis Tanmimdevruli ganviTarebis warmoCena grafikaSi droisa da konkretuli xazebis aRniSnviT. es xazebi aRwerilia legendaSi. mas mohyveba rusuli rukebis grafikis cxrili. Zalebi ramdenadac ormagi problema naxatebi Segveqmna. ar aris feradi, wignis adgilebis mowinaaRmdegis momzadebisas xazebiTaa aRniSnuli. xSirad

ramdenime

dasaxelebebi ar aris rusulidan sworad gadmotanili. avRaneTis dasavluri rukebi xSirad warmoadgens puSturis an daftis pirdapir kopirebas. xSirad rTulia adgilis realuri mdebareobis dadgena, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca saqme exeba patara qalaqebs, romlebsac SesaZlebelia hqondeT ori an sami saxeli, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu vin Seadgina ruka. ase rom, xSirad rTulia brZolis zusti adgilis dadgena. me gamoviyene TavdacviTi rukebis saagentos `avRaneTis gazeTis~ 1983 wlis ivnisis meore gamocema. generalma iahua m. naurozma, avRaneTis prekomunisturi mTavrobis Tavdacvis komitetis saministros strategma aparatis didsulovani ufrosma da mujahedenis gagviwia samxedro adgilis daxmareba bevri

identificirebaSi. am saqmeSi aseve dagvexmara polkovniki ali ahmad jalali, avRaneTis jarisa da aseve, mowinaaRmdege Zalebis saxelganTqmuli meTauri da mravali wignis avtori. am daxmarebis miuxedavad, ramdenime adgili daudgeneli dagvrCa. amitom, brZolis rukebi zog

21

SemTxvevaSi problemuria. savaraudod, zogierTi ruka zepiri mexsierebiT aris Sedgenili, Tumca bevri maTgani asaxavs relobas da emTxveva original rukebs. drosTan erTad bevri detali xundeba mexsierebaSi da rukac uxeS varaudebs asaxavs. manZilebi, mimarTulebebi, adgilebis saxelebi da geografiuli maxasiaTeblebi gansxvavdeba realurisgan. aSkara Secdomis SemTxvevaSi, manZilebi dazustda oficialuri monacemebiT, magram mainc, rukebi unda gamoviyenoT, rogorc miaxloebiTi da ara rogorc zusti maCveneblebi. da bolos, rusuli teqstis redaqcia ar iyo srulyofili. Maqsimalurad vecade gamomesworebina rusuli teqstis beWdviTi Secdomebi da gansxvavebebi saxelis daweraSi teqstsa da rukaze, magram mainc, am brZolebis aRweriloba upirobo oqros sabados warmoadgens nebismieri taqtikosisTvis. es aris im brZolebis Sefaseba friad axlo manZilidan, sadac Tanamedrove, meqanizebuli jari cdilobda partizanuli jarebis damarcxebas mkacr teritoriaze samoqalaqo omSi. miuxedavad didi mcdelobisa, jarma ver SeZlo mniSvnelovani samxedro gamarjvebis mopoveba, da sabolood, politikurma liderebma jari ukan gaiwvia. am magaliTebis Seswavla sxva jarebs momavalSi warmatebas hpirdeba.

lester v. gru aSS armiis gadamdgari vice-polkovniki, livenvorsi, kanzasi

22

frunzes akademiis komentarebi winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos momzadebasTan dakavSirebiT taqtikuli gamocdilebebis Sesaxeb winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo

efuZneba akademiis im studenti-oficrebis pirad gamocdilebas, romlebic sxvadasxva wlebSi monawileobdnen avRaneTis brZolebSi sabWoTa Zalebis SezRuduli kontingentis SemadgenlobaSi. samxedro istorikosebis qvemoT mocemuli jgufi daexmara maT winamdebare wignis momzadebaSi: pirveli Tavi leitenant-polkovniki s.a. Sumaevi, leitenant-polkovniki a.m. korelovi, maiori v.v. titovi da maiori s.n. zagorulkini; meore Tavi maiori i.i latinini da maiori i.b. silenSCikovi; mesame Tavi maiori i.g. legtiarevi; meoTxe Tavi maiori i.b. silenSCikovi; mexuTe Tavi maiori s.v. ionovi da meeqvse Tavi leitenant-polkovniki s.a. morozovi da maiori a.v. rezniCenko. akademiis samxedro xelovnebis istoriis saswavlo fakultetma daxmareba gaswia masalis Segrovebasa da redaqtirebaSi. istoriul mecnierebaTa kandidatma, polkovnikma i. n. iarovenkom uxelmZRvanela avtorTa jgufs da mTavari redaqtoris funqciac Seasrula. sabWoTa Zalebis SezRudulma kontingentma avRaneTis respublikaSi didi gamocdileba daagrova sabrZolo sferoSi da mniSvnelovnad gaafarTova mTian da udabno teritoriebze brZolis Teoria da praqtika. batalionebi da polkis pirveli donis4 sabrZolo nawilebi ibrZodnen mujahadinis calkeuli dajgufebebis ZiriTadad mTebSi am omSi winaaRmdeg.

mowinaaRmdeges ar hqonda aviaciis SesaZleblobebi, magram hqonda Tavdacvis da danaRmvis Tanamedrove sistemebi. wina xazebis uqonloba xels uwyobda meore mxares, ganexorcielebina mniSvnelovani operaciebi da moepovebina kontroli garkveul teritoriebze. sabWoTa Zalebi pirispir aRmoCndnen ramdenime saxis brZolis unikalur meTodebTan, ris gamoc iZulebulni gaxdnen SeemuSavbinaT mujahadTa partizanul razmebTan brZolis ufro efeqturi meTodebi. Gamocdilebam aCvena, rom brZolis ZiriTadi saxeebi iyo: aseulis, batalionisa da polkis Tavdasxmebi, partizanuli razmebis moZiebamde da ganadgurebamde mowinaaRmdegis gamagrebis adgilebis Caketva da erTdrouli Tavdasxma mowinaaRmdegis gamagrebis sxvadasxva
4

siRrmisa

da

mdebareobis

ramdenime

adgilze.

brZolis

rusul teqstSi aq mocemulia qvedanayofebis dasaxelebebi `podrazdelenie~ da

`Casti~.

23

konkretuli pirobebi gansazRvravda, ra saxis Seteva unda ganxorcielebuliyo konkretul mTaze Tu dasaxlebul adgilze, unda Secvliliyo sahaero dartymis, marSirebisa da jgufebis usafrTxoebis Tu alyaSi moqcevis taqtika. dReisaTvis Catarebuli da gamoqveynebulia ramdenime kvleva avRaneTis brZolebis gamocdilebis Sesaxeb. kvlevebSi warmodgenilia samxedro operaciebis analizi, sadac ZiriTadi aqcenti mojahedTa partizanuli jgufebis taqtikaze da sabWoTa batalionebisa da polkebis sabrZolo davalebebis cvlilebazea gakeTebuli. es masala oficrebis codnis gaRrmavebas isaxavs miznad da unda gamoviyenoT meTaurebis sabrZolo momzadebisas umaRles sameTauro saswavleblebSi. amavdroulad, am masalis momzadebis mizani avRaneTis gamocdilebis sinTezireba da analizi iyo. Tumca, konkretuli brZolebis epizodebs naklebi yuradReba eTmoba da ar aris ganxiluli maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi faqtorebi. samomavlod, kadrebis ukeT momzadebisTvis, gasaumjobesebelia koordinacia samxedro istoriasa da operaciul-taqtikur momzadebas Soris. am mimarTulebiT, avtorebis jgufma miRebuli moamzada daskvna sabrZolo momzadebis Sesaxeb. adgilebSi dros es avRaneTSi moicavs gamocdilebis mTebSi gamoyenebis da dasaxlebul

gadawyvetilebebs konkretuli misiebis, magaliTad, partizanuli Zalebis ganadgurebis, Tavdasxmebis, ganxorcielebuli Setevis taqtikis, usafrTxoebis, marSirebisa da alyis

Semortymis Sesaxeb. es wigni ar warmoadgens sabWoTa kavSiris batalionebisa da polkebis mier avRaneTSi Catarebuli brZolebis safuZvlian analizs, es ubralod gaxlavT konkretuli brZolebis amsaxveli nakrebi.

24

daTvi gadavida mTaze

sabWoTa kavSiris sabrZolo taqtika avRaneTis omSi

25

Tavi 1 partizanuli dajgufebebis blokireba da ganadgureba sabWoTa jarebis mier avRaneTis omSi miRebuli gamocdilebis kvlevam aCvena, rom sabrZolo davalebis Sesrulebis ZiriTadi principis Tanaxmad, Tavdapirvelad partizanuli xdeboda im regionis izolireba, misi sadac imyofebodnen Cxreka dajgufebebi, xolo Semdgom safuZvliani

mojahedebis aRmoCenisa da ganadgurebis mizniT. aRniSnuli davalebis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad saWiro iyo sabrZolo iaraRisa da personalis specialuri momzadeba, kargi koordinacia SemaCerebel da sabrZolo Zalebs Soris, maT e.w. javSanjgufebs5 artileriasa da aviacias Soris, sabrZolo xrikebisa da kargad gaazrebuli iniciativebis gamoyeneba, gabeduli da gadamwyveti nabijebis gadadgma meTaurebisa da rigiTebis mier. moqmedebebis are iyo. brwyinvale Sedegebi miiReboda im regionebis uecari izolaciiT, romlebic ramdenime dRis win sabrZolo

javSan jgufi aris 4-5 tankis, -s, -s an msgavsi sabrZolo-satransporto saSualebebisgan Semdgari droebiTi jgufi. (qveiTTa muxluxa sabrZolo manqana) an -i (Tvliani javSantransportiori) ganlagdeba, Cveulebriv, maTTvis gamiznuli qveiTi aTeulis gareSe da brZola xorcieldeba qveiTi jaris mier. jgufs gaaCnia pirdapiri cecxlis gaxsnis SesaZlebloba da asrulebs samenevro rezervis funqcias. (red.)

26

sahaero-sadesanto batalionis mier sofel Serxanxelis Cxreka maiori s. n. petrovi6 1982 wlis gazafxulze partizanTa dajgufebebma daiwyes moqmedeba parvanis provinciaSi. partizanebi Tavs daesxnen Cvens avtokolonas, saguSagoebsa da jariskacTa calkeul jgufebs. isini regularulad bombavdnen bagramis aeroports da Cveni sahaero-sadesanto polkis sabazo banaks. dazvervis informaciiT, daaxloebiT 40 mojahedisgan Semdgari kargad SeiaraRebuli jgufi moqmedebda sofel Serxanxelidan. sahaero-sadesanto polkis xelmZRvanelobam miiRo brZaneba, gaenadgurebina partizanTa aRniSnuli dajgufeba. brZolisTvis saswrafod movemzadeT. TiToeulma paraSutist-medesantem miiRo sami dRis brZolisaTvis samyofi sabrZolo masala da samxedro transporti daitvirTa saieriSo aRWurvilobis ori sabrZolo kompleqtiT. polkis meTaurma piradad Seamowma batalionis mzadyofna. #3 sahaero-sadesanto batalionis meTauri gegmavda, farulad gadaeyvana mis gankargulebaSi arsebuli Zalebi Serxanxelis regionSi da izolaciaSi moeqcia igi ori sahaero-sadesanto aseulis meSveobiT, xolo mesame aseuli gaCxrekda sofels. erTi sahaero-sadesanto aseuli ki rezervSi rCeboda. saartilerio batalionsa da oTx -24 tipis moieriSe Sveulmfrens ki unda aRmoeCinaT daxmareba brZolis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi. 20 marts, gamTeniisas, batalionebi daiZrnen bagramidan Serxanxelis mimarTulebiT. sadazvero razmis patruli 300 metriT win miuZRvoda kolonas. gadaadgileba xdeboda farTo, swor gzaze. gzis marcxena mxares mihyveboda sqeli, maRali alizis kedeli, xolo marjvena mxares 2.5 m siRrmisa da 5 m siganis betoniT mopirkeTebuli arxi. uecrad alizis kedelSi gamoWrili ambrazuridan mowinaaRmdegem pirdapiri cecxli gauxsna sadazvero patruls. gadarCenilebma arxs Seafares Tavi. CrdiloeTiT, daaxloebiT 150m daSorebuli saxlidan Casafrebulebma tyviamfrqvevidan gaxsnes cecxli. batalionis kolona SeCerda. batalionis meTaurma iTxova artileriisa da Sveulmfrenebis daxmareba. batalionma sabolood daiwyo sarezervo aseuliT manevrireba, raTa alyaSi moeqcia mowinaaRmdege, cecxli. magram magram mxolod es maSin, rodesac mojahedebma
6

Sewyvites

mcdelobac

uSedegod

s. n. petrovi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRuduli kontingentis

SemadgenlobaSi 1981-83 ww. sahaero-sadesanto aseulis meTaurad.

27

dasrulda, mowinaaRmdegis mxridan intensiuri srolis gamo. mojahedebma gamoiyenes karezis7 sistemebi, raTa SeewyvitaT ieriSi da ukan daexiaT. aravis azrad ar mosvlia, maT dadevneboda an gaegrZelebina sabrZolo qmedebebi. #3 sahaero-sadesanto batalionma dakarga 8 adamiani, 6 daiWra. daRupulTa Soris iyo 2 oficeri. batalions ar gauCxrekia sofeli mas Semdeg, rac is datoves mojahedebma. piriqiT, isini dabrundnen sabazo banakze.

miwisqveSa gvirabebis sistema, romelic gamoiyeneba gruntis wylebisa da

sarwyavebisaTvis.

28

C s s

29

frunzes akademiis komentari: imisda miuxedavad, rom Cven miviReT zomebi, raTa operacia saidumlod Cagvetarebina, mowinaaRmdegem SeZlo ganesazRvra sabWoTa taqtika. maT Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyenes batalionis meTauris Tavdajerebuloba da jars TavSesafridan daartyes. batalionis qvedanayofebi, romlebsac evalebodaT dazverva, meSveobiT, piriqiT, miuaxlovdnen iseTi mowinaaRmdeges hqonda, erTaderTi rom gzis romelsac mdebareoba aferxebda

qvedanayofebis manevrirebas. batalionis meTaurma win waimZRvara sadazvervo patruli da arc ki ufiqria flangis partulis gamoyofaze. redaqtoris komentari: rTulia uzrunvelyo operaciis usafrTxoeba, gansakuTrebiT sxvis moedanze TamaSisas da im adgilobriv ZalebTan TanamSromlobisas, romlebic SeiZleba mTlianad ar gemxrobian. miuxedavad amisa, operaciis usafrTxoeba upirvelesia sakuTari Zalebis dacvisa da brZolis mogebis TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnul situaciaSi polkis meTaurma dawvrilebiT Seiswavla Tavisi Zalebi, operaciis dawyebamde. es, ra Tqma unda, kargia, Tumca es iyo e.w. saxifaTo samwyobro mTel iaraRi unda daTvaliereba romelic sabWoTa armiaSi mSvidobian periodSi garnizonSi msaxurebisas sabrZolo detalis iaraRi arcTu sasiamovno iyo procedurad samxedro da miiCneoda. win. qvedanayofs unda gamoefina SeiaraReba, TiTqos aRlumi tardeboda. yvela ganTavsebuli instruqciis transportis formalurad mowmdeboda da aRiwereboda, mowmdeboda uniformis yvela siswore mixedviT zedmiwevniT sworad momxdariyo mwyobrad ganlageba. am proceduras zogjer sami dRec ki

sWirdeboda. miuxedavad imisa, rom Semowmeba saWiroa, yvela es masobrivi formaluri Semowmeba TiTqmis yovelTvis tardeboda raime dagegmili operaciis win. axlomaxlo myofi nebismieri mojahedi amiT xvdeboda, rom igegmeba operacia da es, faqtobrivad, gamafrTxilebeli niSani iyo. es sabWoTa modeli, xSir SemTxvevaSi, safrTxes uqmnida operaciis usafrTxoebas. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi mojahedebi aSkarad gafrTxilebulini iynvnen da sabWoTa Zalebis daudevrobac saTanadod daisaja. savaraudod, samwyobro daTvaliereba nawili iyo. sabWoTa problemebis

Carikaris xeobaSi dasaxlebuli teritoriis Cxreka leitenanti a. l. makoveevi8 1980 wlis za mowinaaRmdegis ganmavlobaSi qabulsa da mis mimdebare provinciebSi simSvide sufevda. regionSi sabrZolo moqmedebebi ar mimdinareobda. Tumca, gazafxulis dadgomasTan erTad, organizebulma partizanulma dajgufebebma daiwyes aqtiuri moqmedeba. me vxelmZRvanelobdi #7 motomsrolel aseuls 9, romelic gadaadgildeboda -ebiT. 21 ivliss, diliT, damevala qabuli-Carikaris gziT gadavsuliyavi samTo msrolel batalionTan, mis dasaxmareblad. maT unda mietanaT ieriSi mowinaaRmdegis zurgSi da CaetarebinaT wmenda. garnizonSi daiwyo mzadeba brZolisaTvis. aseuli asi procentiT mzad iyo personalis, iaraaRisa da aRWurvilobis TvalsazrisiT. Cven gvqonda sami dRis samyofi mSrali sursaTi10 da transportis avzebi piramde savse iyo sawvaviT. detaluri Semowmebis Semdeg, me vauwye batalionis ufross, rom Cven mzad viyaviT brZolisaTvis. Cven gaviareT gza da mivediT #3 samTo qveiTi batalionis sabrZolo moqmedebaTa raionSi. im saRamos batalionis meTaurma i.p. levitansma ganmarta #3 batalionis amocana da mibrZana momemzadebina Cemi aseuli, raTa daniSnuli marSrutiT gadaadgilebisas ganvlagebuliyaviT batalionis mTavar ZalasTan erTad da gagveCxrika axlomdebare yvela sofeli. 22 ivliss 05:00 sT-ze #3 samTo msrolelTa batalioni, gamagrebuli Cemi #7 motomsroleli aseulis ZalebiT, gavida davalebis Sesasruleblad. Cveni sabrZolo transporti saSualebas gvaZlevda dagveZlia bevri bunebrivi dabrkoleba. gadaadgilebis garkveul etapze me CamovaqveiTe Cemi
8

aseuli.

CamoqveiTebis

dros

miviRe

brZaneba,

gameCxrika

mimdebare sofeli da Cxrekis Semdeg [sofelze gamavali] gzis gavliT

a.l. makoveevi meTaurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRuduli kontingentis motomsroleli aseuls 1979 wlis dekembridan 1981 wlis noembramde. igi daajildoves mesame xarisxis samxedro ordeniT ,,ssrk SeiaraRebuli Zalebis SemadgenlobaSi samsaxurisaTvis.
9

savaraudod #108 motomsroleli diviziis nawili (gamomcemeli) mSrali sursaTi. arsebobda mSrali sursaTis sami tipi. pirvelSi Sedioda erTi qila

10

xorcis konservi, gamomSrali puri an krekeri, jemi da Cais paketi. meore Seicavda Svriis fqvilSi areul xorcis or konservs. mesame ki erT qila xorcis konservs da erT qila bostneulis an xilis konservs. (gamomcemeli).

SeverTebodi batalionis ZiriTad nawils. me gamovyavi aTi kacisgan Semdgari Secvlisas. patruli, raTa gameZlierebina Tavdacvis poziciebi soflis SesasvlelTan. mindoda, rom aTeuls daefara aseuli dislokaciis adgilis

ruka #2: ZiriTadi 1980 wlis 22 ivlisi.

soflis sazRvarze ganvalage sacecxle pozicia tanksawinaaRmdego metyviamfrqveveTa oceulisaTvis11. Semdeg aseuli CamoqveiTda, moewyo xazze da gaCxrika sofeli, yoveli saxli da sardafi. ori saaTis Semdeg Cven davasruleT Cxreka da aseuli Seikriba gzaze, raTaA daetovebina sofeli. am dros mowinaaRmdegem moulodnelad #2 gorakidan gagvixsna intensiuri cecxli. aseuli gadavida Tavdacvaze da daikava poziciebi soflis ganapiras samxreTiTa da samxreT-dasavleTiT, alizis kedlebis ukan. me gadavwyvite gamegzavna ori aTeuli pirveli oceulidan, raTa alyaSi momeqcia goraki #2 da gamenadgurebina mowinaaRmdege wina xazidan da zurgidan mitanili SetevebiT. aseve, gadavwyvite gamegzavna sapatrulo aTeuli #1 gorakze, Tumca rogorc ki oceulma daiwyo gadaadgileba amocanis Sesasruleblad, mojahedebma gaxsnes cecxli [#1, 2 da 3 gorakebidan]. Cemi Zalebi iZulebulni gaxdnen darCeniliyvnen poziciebze da gaexsnaT sapasuxo srola. 30 wuTis Semdeg miviRe brZaneba ukan damexia aseuli im gorakisken, romlidanac daviwyeT operacia [#4]. soflidan gamosvlisas mowinaaRmdegem #3 gorakidan gagvixsna cecxli da faqtobrivad adgils migvajaWva. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac #2 da #3 gorakebze cecxlsasroli iaraRisa da moieriSe Sveulmfrenis dartymebis meSveobiT gavanadgureT mowinaaRmdege, me SevZeli gadameyvana aseuli daniSnulebis adgilze. frunzes aCvena kargi akademiis moraluri komentari: aRniSnuli da Setakebis dadebiT yvela

aspeqtad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is faqti, rom piradma Semadgenlobam mdgomareoba swrafad asrulebda brZanebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom es maTi pirveli Setakeba iyo. aseve kargi Sedegebi aCvena moieriSe Sveulmfrenebma mowinaaRmdegis ieriSis dros. Tumca am Setakebam aCvena, rom aseuls ar gaaCnda mTian regionSi brZolis sakmarisi gamocdileba. arc oficrebma, arc serJantebma da arc jariskacebma ar icodnen metoqis taqtika. mowinaaRmdeges cecxli manamde rom gaexsna, sanam mTeli aseuli gadaadgildeboda #1 da #2 gorakebs Soris (sadac ar iyo aranairi TavSesafari. mxolod xorblis gaSlili
11

metyviamfrqveveTa da yumbarmtyorcnelTaA oceuli iyo motomsrolelTa aseulis

meoTxe oceuli, romelsac evaleboda -dan an saerTo daniSnulebis avtomobilis tyviamfrqvevidan da -17 avtomaturi yumbarsatyorcnidan CamxSobi cecxlis gaxsna. aRniSnuli oceuli daiSala 1980-ian wlebSi saxmedro Zalebis reorganizaciis dros.

yanebi iyo orive mxares), aseuls Seeqmneboda seriozuli sirTuleebi. magram dauTmes mowinaaRmdegem saTanado cecxli mxolod maSin gaxsna, ar rodesac daikaves aseulma miaRwia soflis samxreT, ganapira mxares. sabWoTa Zalebma ar yuradReba dazvervas. maT umniSvnelovanesi teritorebi, ramac misca mowinaaRmdeges saSualeba, cecxlqveS moeqcia daxevis scena. aRniSnuli Setakebis monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom saWiroa ufro meti yuradReba daeTmos meTaurebis wvrTnebs, gansakuTrebiT, wvrTnebs taqtikaSi. es wvrTnebi oceulis, aseulis, batalionisa da savele wvrTnebisagan damoukideblad unda Catardes. es moicavs umcrosi meTaurebis wvrTnasac. vaJkacoba da simamace, ra Tqma unda, kargi Tvisebebia, magram aTeulisa da Semdgom, oceulis kargi xelmZRvaneloba brZolaSi gacilebiT mniSvnelovania da wvrTnebiT es ver miiRweva. redaqtoris komentari: meTaurs aswavles, rom man unda mTeli aseuli. kidev erTi nakli is iyo, rom aseuls sawvrTneli varjiSebis dros arasodes gauTamaSebia garRvevisa da ukan

daekavebina sakvanZo monakveTi da ganelagebina sameTvalyureo Zalebi Cxrekis dawyebamde. am wignSi ganxilul SemTxvevebSi warumateblobis mTavari mizezi ZiriTadad iyo sadazvervo Zalebis araswori gamoyeneba da amaRlebul teritoriaze ganlagebuli sakontrolo punqtebis ugulebelyofa. 1980 wlis es magaliTi nawilobriv warmoaCens erT-erT axal wamowyebas samxedro Zalebis struqturaSi, romlis meSveobiTac sabWoTa armia cdilobda gamklaveboda es iyo partizanTa razmebs. es aris olqis samTo samTo batalioni. savaraudod, TurqmeneTis samxedro

wvrTnebis centris iniciativa.

kunaris provinciaSi partizanTa dajgufebis blokireba da ganadgureba maiori v. a. gukalovi12 1980 wlis dekembers kunariis provinciaSi 50 kacisagan Semdgari partizanuliA jgufi gadmoipara pakistanis sazRvridan da Rame mdinare kunari gadakveTa. isini dasasveneblad xeobaSi SeCerdnen. xeobaSi, Cven romelic gadavwyviteT mdebareobda gagvenadgurebina CaRsarais mojahedebi

samxreT-dasavleTiT.

meTaurma

gadawyvita

emoqmeda Semdegi gegmiT: 15 dekembers 04:00 saaTze CaerTo erTi sahaero-sadesanto aseuli (erTi oceulis gamoklebiT) da xeobis samxreTi napiris blokireba moexdina, imavdroulad, CaerTo operaciaSi sahaerosadesanto oceuli da sahaero-sadesanto sadazvero oceuli, raTa Caeketa CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis gasasvlelebi mowinaaRmdegisTvis. 00:05 saaTze mas unda waeyvana danarCeni batalioni (garda blokirebis aseulisa) xeobaSi mowinaaRmdegis moZebnisa da ganadgurebis mizniT, romlebic isvenebdnen xeobaSi mdebare sofelSi. 14 dekembers, 22:00 saaTze, jgufi, romelsac blokirebis evaleboda gavida davalebis Sesasruleblad -66 tipis satvirTo manqanebiT. manqanebs wina farebi gamorTuli hqondaT. isini gaemgzavrnen batalionis banakidan, romelic ganlagebuli iyo gzatkecilis gaswvriv, CrdiloeTiT, Cagxasarais mimarTulebiT. mojahedebis sadazvero jgufebis motyuebis mizniT, -66 tipis ramdenime satvirTo manqana banakidan samxreTis mimarTulebiT wavida. pirveli jgufi satvirTo manqanidan gadmosxes xeobidan ori kilometris daSorebiT, samxreTiT da Semdeg ganagrZes gza CrdiloeTisken. pirveli jgufi qveiTad gaemarTa blokirebis poziciebisaken. blokirebis Zalebis meore nawili gadasxes xeobidan CrdiloeTiT da maTac aseve, qveiTad ganagrZes gza sakuTari poziciebisken. 15 dekembris 04:00 saaTisTvis xeobidan gasasvlelebi Caketili iyo. 05:00 saaTze batalionma (garda im aseulisa, romelsac blokireba eveleboda) daiwyo swrafad es gadaadgileba 06:00 xeobaSi. taqtikis mojahedebis Tanaxmad, usafrTxoebam
12

SeniSna

Zala

saaTze.

mowinaaRmdegis nawilma brZola gaumarTa Cvens ZiriTadad Zalas,

v. a. gukalovi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRuduli kontingentis SemadgenlobaSi 1979-1981 ww. iyo operatiuli ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelis ufrosi TanaSemwe sahaero-sadesanto diviziis Statis ganxriT.

maSin, roca danarCenebma daiwyes ukan daxeva. Cvenma Casafrebula jgufma gza gadauRoba mowinaaRmdegis Zalebs. metoqem dakarga 24 adamiani, 4 Cavarda tyved. Cven gvyavda mxolod erTi daWrili. frunzes akademiis komentari: aRniSnuli magaliTi moicavs tipur

elementebs, romlebic gamoiyeneboda mowinaaRmdegis motyuebis mizniT (gegmiuri msubuqi disciplina, gadayvana satvirTo manqanebiT, satvirTo manqanebis mimarTva sapirispiro mimarTulebiT, saboloo poziciebis dakaveba qveiTad). operacia warmatebiT dasrulda, miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven ver SevZeliT sabrZolo teritoriis winaswar dazverva, radgan SezRuduli viyaviT droSi da ar gvqonda gaZlierebisTvis sakmarisi saSualebebi da damxmare elementebi.

ruka #3 1980 wlis 15 dekembers kunaris provinciaSi partizanTa dajgufebis blokireba da ganadgureba

qalaq bamianisa da misi mimdebare qalaqebis Cxreka reidis dros maiori a. p. pivovarenko13 1980 wlis zamTris ganmavlobaSi situacia Termezsa da qabuls Soris mdebare gvirabSi. samxedro
14

gzebze partizanTa

gauaresda. dajgufebebi

mowinaaRmdegeTa gamudmebiT

qmedebebi Tavs

gansakuTrebiT intensiuri iyo salangis uReltexilze, romelic gadioda salangis esxmodnen transportisa da satvirTo manqanebis avtokolonebs. Cvens daevala daecva aRniSnuli monakveTi 1980 wlis

motomsrolelTa polks, romelic Sedgeboda motomsrolelTa sami gaZlierebuli batalionisagan, Tebervlidan maisis CaTvliT. maisis TveSi situacia gzis am monakveTze ufrodaufro garTulda. diversiul jgufad. amis gamo Cveni erT-erTi batalioni gadavakeTeT satanko aseuliT, TviTmavali batalioni gaaZlieres

saaartilerio batareiT diviziis artileriidan, polkis sadazvervo aseuliT, 234-is15 oceuliTa da mesangreTa aTeuliT. rekognoscirebis aseulma Caatara pirveli reidi gorbandis raionSi 20-21 maiss, gamTeniisas da gaTenebisas Sevida sofelSi. qvedanayofi swrafad SeiWra sofelSi da gaanadgura 10 mojahedi. amis Semdeg Cven daviwyeT sofelSi saxlebis safuZvliani Cxreka. Cxrekisas aRmovaCineT mojahedebis kuTvnili cecxlsasroli iaraRi, xolo partizanTa ZiriTadma nawilma SeZlo ukan daexia CrdiloeTisken. meore dRes mTeli diversiuli jgufi daiZra qalaq bamianisken. rodesac qvedanayofi gadaadgildeboda, mas Tavs daesxnen Casafrebuli mojahedebi. qalaqze da gaCxrikes qvedanayofma dakarga da erTi 23-4. sacxovrebeli saxlebi. Cxrekam aCvena, rom qvedanayofma mainc daikava qalaqi. Cvenma aseulebma ieriSi miitanes mojahedebma miatoves qalaqi. Cveni qvedanayofi ramdenime dRiT qalaqSi darCa. am drois ganmavlobaSi Cven vCxrekdiT axlomdebare

13

a.p. pivovarenko gaxldaT sadazvero oceulis meTauri avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis

SezRuduli kontingentis SemadgenlobaSi 1980 wlis ianvridan 1980 wlis dekembramde.

14

savaraudod, polki iyo 108-e motomsroleli diviziis nawili. (gamomcemeli) 23-4 TviTmavali haersawinaaRmdego Tavdacvis iaraRi, romelic isvris oTxi Casafrebis sawinaaRmdego qmedebebisa da miwiszeda samizneebis

15

23mm-iani tyviamrfqvevidan erTdroulad. aRniSnuli iaraRi gansakuTrebiT efeqturi iyo ganadgurebisas.

soflebs, magram mojahedebis kvals ver mivageniT. mowinaaRmdegem garkveuli droiT miatova dasaxlebuli punqtebi. Cemma safuZvelze, SeZlo. qvedanayofma gaagrZela reidebi da gaCxrika yvela axlomdebare sofeli da xeoba. magram mojahedebi mainc axerxebdnen gaqcevas da batalionebi Cxrekdnen faqtobrivad cariel saxlebsa da teritoriebs. sadazvero SevZeliT aseulma miiRo 63 informacia erTeuli Cveni iaraRi. avRaneli batalionis agentebis qselisgan, romelic ganlagebuli iyo qalaqSi da am informaciis xelSi Cagvegdo darCenilma nawilma ki mxolod ori Zveli modelis sabrZolo iaraRis amoReba

ruka #4 bamianisa da mimdebare soflebis wmenda motomsroleli batalionis reidebis dros.

frunzes akademiis komentari: samxedro gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom blokirebisa da wmendis warmatebiT Casatareblad saWiroa 3 mTavari amocanis Sesruleba: pirveli - winaswarma dazvervam unda gamoavlinos partizanTa Zalebis dislokaciis adgili, maTi Semadgenloba da savaraudo qmedebebi; meore unda SeizRudos partizanTa jgufis manevrirebis SesaZlebloba taqtikuri desantis gadasxmiT sahaero Sturmisa da reidis jgufebis meSveobiT unda gadauketos mowinaaRmdeges yvela ukandasaxevi gza da biliki da xeli SeuSalos mas, Sewyvitos Setakeba blokirebis jgufTan; mesame mteris ganadgureba unda moxdes mTavari gamwmendi Zalis mier an frontaluri ieriSis dros. aRniSnuli 3 amocanidan erT-erTis Seusruleblobac ki CaSlis operacias. is unda miejaWvos adgils aqtiuri SeteviT, sabrZolo gamocdileba amavdroulad, unda gviCvenebs, rom saWiroa damyardes axlo Sexeba mowinaaRmdegesTan. ganxorciledes manevrireba blokirebis jgufiT, sabolood ki partizanTaA Zalebi alyaSi unda moaqcio da gaanadguro. yvelaze mniSvnelovania, winaswar miagno mowinaaRmdeges, amisaTvis ki saWiroa sadazvervo Zalebis efeqturad gamoyeneba. sabrZolo davalebis daiyos warmatebiT samZebro, Sesasruleblad qvedanayofebi operatiulad unda

mxardamWer da sacecxle mxardaWeris jgufebad da mTavar Zalad. redaqtoris komentari: meTaurma ieriSi miitana mojahedebis zurgis jgufze da ar uzrunia partizanebis mTavari Zalis erT poziciaze fiqsirebaze (mijaWvaze), misTvis gasaqcevi gzebis moWrasa da aqtiuri manevrirebis meSveobiT upiratesobis miRwevaze. meTaurma ar gamoiyena sadazvero jgufi da gzas ikafavda qvedanayofebis meSveobiT. man araferi gaakeTa operaciis swrafad dasasruleblad. Tavdapirvelad, blokirebis jgufebis ganlagebis gareSe teritoriis wmenda, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, drois fuWad kargvaa da kargi SesaZleblobaa miiRo dartyma. meTaurma ar gamoiCina sakmarisi iniciativa da situaciis codna. Tavidan es magaliTi wignis dasawyisSi unda gamoqveynebuliyo, magram is imdenad susti meCvena, rom gadavwyvite misTvis adgili Semecvala. me is mainc davtove wignSi, rogorc 1980 wels avRaneTSi arsebuli sabWoTa armiis problemis naTeli magaliTi. Tavidanve maTi armia gaiwvrTna evropuli brZolebisaTvis da ver SeZlo gaerTva Tavi axali garemo-pirobebisaTvis. taqtikuri

moqmedebis meTaurebi ar avlendnen iniciativas, xolo mojahedebi amiT sargeblobdnen.

sabWoTa meTaurebi sadazvervo (rekognoscirebis) Zalebs brZolaSi iyenebdnen da ukargavdnen maT mTavar funqcias dazvervas. rekognoscirebis jgufebi ukeT iyo gawvrTnili da ufro motivirebulic iyo, vidre motomsroleli Zalebi, magram maTi danakargebis procentuli maCvenebeli ufro maRali unda yofiliyo. sadazvervo Zalebis araswori gamoyeneba, savaraudod ganpirobebuli iyo im faqtiT, rom ar iyo sakmarisi Zalebi am misiebis Sesasruleblad. sabWoTa savele qvedanayofebSi mudmivad idga kadrebis ukmarisobis problema. da bolos, aRniSnul magaliTSi bamiani ar aris bamianis provinciis dedaqalaqi, romelsac akontrolebda saxelmwofo Zalebi mTeli omis ganmavlobaSi. igi ar aris ganlagebuli termezis gzaze da mdebareobs aRmosavleTiT, daaxloebiT 150 kilometris moSorebiT am adgilidan.

mdinare argandabis mwvane zonis blokireba da Cxreka vice-polkovniki s. v. zelenski16 1982 wlis oqtomberSi Cvenma dazvervam Seityo, rom partizanTa aTi dajgufeba, romelic aerTianebda daaxloebiT 350 kacs, moqmedebda yandayaris CrdiloeTiT, mdinare argahandabis mosazRvre mwvane zonaSi. sakmaod xSiri mwvane zona gadaWimuli iyo 15-20 kilometrze, mdinaris CrdiloeT napiris gaswvriv, xolo misi sigane daaxloebiT 7 kilometrs udrida. es aris sasoflo-sameurneo regioni, baRebiTa da venaxebiT da daserilia sarwyavi arxebiT. aq transportiT gadaadgileba faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia. brigadam miiRo brZaneba gaenadgurebina mojahedebi 17. meTauri gegmavda Caeketa CrdiloeT mxare sami batalionisagan Semdgari javSanjgufis meSveobiT. patruli moieriSe SveulmfrenebiT Semoifrenda sapatrulo teritorias samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis Casaketad. or motomsrolel batalionsa da saparaSuto-sadesanto batalions unda gaeCxrika teritoria dasavleTis mxridan, mtris aRmoCenisa da ganadgurebis mizniT. artileriis batalions ki daxmareba unda aRmoeCina.
16

s.v. zelenski msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi

1981-1983 ww saparaSuto-sadesanto aseulis meTaurad da operatiuli ganyofilebis brigadis ufrosis TanaSemwed. igi daajildoves wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT.
17

#70 motomsroleli calkeuli brigada (redaqtori).

Zalebi gaemarTnen Sekrebis adgilebsa da daniSnul poziciebze RamiT. 6 oqtombers, 05:00 saaTze batalionis javSanjgufma daikava poziciebi, CamoqveiTebuli jariskacebi miuaxlovdnen Sekrebis adgilebs, artileriis divizionma daikava sacecxle pozicia da mzad iyo cecxli gaexsna, Seveulmfrenebi patrulirebdnen. 05:30 wuTze brigadis xelmZRvanelma niSani misca da Zalebmac daiwyes operacia farTo frontiT. #3 motomsroleli batalioni ganlagda marcxniv, #3 motomsroleli batalioni centrSi, xolo saparaSuto-sadesanto batalioni marjvena flangze. xuTi-Svidi kacisagan Semdgarma araregularulma jgufma maSinve gaxsna Sori moqmedebis cecxlsasroli iaraRidan cecxli Cveni Zalebis mimarTulebiT da Semdeg daixia CrdiloaRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT. Cveni qvedanayofebi maT ukan daedevnen. 16:00 saaTze #2 saparaSuto-sadesanto aseulma, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda ufrosi mowinaaRmdege leitenanti diubi, aRmoaCina daaxloebiT 40 iyo kargad organizebul dacul iyvnen daniSnulebis punqtebSi da mudmivad

mojahedisagan Semdgari jgufi. ganlagebuli poziciebze, Setevis wina frontis mTel kilometrze. batalionis meTaurma ubrZana marjvena flangze ganlagebul #1 saparaSuto-sadesanto aseuls, alya SemoertyaT marjvena mxridan mowinaaRmdegisTvis, romelic Tavs icavda meore aseulis Setevisagan, CaeketaT mowinaaRmdegisaTvis ukan dasaxevi gza Crdilo-aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT. im droisaTvis me viyavi ufrosi leitenanti da vxelmZRvanelobdi #1 saparaSuto-sadesanto aseuls. Cemi oceulis mowyobasa da manevrebis dawyebas 30 wuTi dasWirda. am drois ganmavlobaSi #2 aseulma ramdenime adamiani dakarga,

#4 ruka: mdinare argandabis gaswvriv ,,mwvane zonis" blokireba da Cxreka.

magram mowinaaRmdegem ukan daxeva daiwyo. 17:00 saaTze me gadaviyvane Cemi oceulebi blokirebis poziciebze, raTa xeli SemeSala mojahedebis gadaadgilebisaTvis Crdilo-aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT. me piradad ganvalage TiToeuli oceuli alizis kedlebs ukan Tanmimdevrulad, samxreT-aRmosavleTidan CrdiloeTisken. rodesac davasrule Zalebis ganlageba, me da Cemi sameTvalyureo saguSagos nawilma davikaveT pozicia marjvena flangze. me daqvemdebarebaSi myavda 7 jariskaci Cemi CaTvliT. sanam poziciis Secvla movaxerxe, Cems saguSagos mouaxlovda mowinaaRmdegis daaxloebiT 70 mebrZoli. me da Cemi 6 jariskaci movyeviT mowinaaRmdegis cecxlSi. me davkarge radiokomunikacia orive batalionis StabTan da Cems daqvemdebarebaSi brigadis zusti Tumca poziciis myof oceulebTan. brigadis raTa SevZeli sabednierod, xelmZRvanelma damxmarebodnen mqonda radiokavSiri Cemi cecxliT, StabTan. me ver

momTxova saartilerio

koordinatebi,

ganmesazRvra Cveni zusti adgilmdebareoba. me mivawode mxolod miaxloebiTi koordinatebi, Cemi azriT, 50-metriani cdomilebiT. artileriam uari ganacxada gaexsna cecxli ufro zusti monacemebis gareSe. mowinaaRmdegem samjer moitana Cvenze ieriSi. mesame Tadasxmis dros sameTauro saguSagoze ukve Tavdeboda sabrZolo masala. Cems sameTauro jgufSi myofma yvela jariskacma erTdroulad isrola xelyumbara, Cven swrafad movwydiT mowinaaRmdeges da davixieT ukan, pirveli oceulis poziciebisaken. maSinac ki, roca SevuerTdiT pirveli oceulis Zalebs, Cven ar gvifiqria davdevnebodiT mowinaaRmdeges, misi aSkara ricxobrivi upiratesobis gamo. mowinaaRmdegem dakarga 20 mebrZoli. Cems aseulSi msxverpli ar yofila. frunzes akademiis komentari: aRniSnuli epizodis magaliTze

SesaZlebelia SevafasoT didi brigadis mier farTomasStabiani blokirebisa da Cxrekis qvemoT moyvanili Taviseburebebi: Sveulmfrenis gamoyeneba teritoriis Casaketad; mWidro koordinacia qvedanayofebs Soris; gonivruli xelmZRvaneloba da brZolis velze swori gadawyvetilebebis miRebis unari;

saparaSuto-sadesanto aseulis sameTauro punqtSi Cveni axalwveuli jariskacebis mier gamovlenili iniciativa da simtkice; komunikaciebis CaSla; oceulis meTaurebis uiniciativoba (maTgan marjvniv mimdinareobda umniSvnelovanesi brZola, magram oceulis meTaurebi ar tovebdnen Tavis poziciebs da elodebodnen aseulis xelmZRvanelis brZanebas);

metoqis fandi (imis magivrad, rom wina poziciebidan pirdapir ukan daexia, man wina poziciidan paraleluri mimarTulebiT, CrdiloeTisken daiwyo ukan daxeva). redaqtoris komentari: aRwerili alya gansxvavdeba sabWoTa

taqtikisagan evropaSi, radganac sabWoTa Zalebi ZiriTadad fizikurad ketavdnen alyaSemortymul teritorias. avRaneTSi isini iyenebdnen fizikur Zalas mxolod maSin, rodesac am mxares iyo dominanturi (upiratesobis momtani) sofeli an sxva teritoria. es, albaT, xdeboda mebrZoli jgufisa da blokirebis Zalebis mier SemTxveviT erTmaneTis dazianebis Tavidan acilebis sabrZolo mizniT. Zalebis avRanebTSi dazogvis sabWoTa Zalebi xSirad iyenebdnen sabWoTa Sveulmfrenis patruls, javSanjgufsa da -s teritoriis blokirebisas mizniT. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi Zalebma gamoiyenes javSanjgufi da Sveulmfrenis patruli. sainteresoa, ramdenad efeqturi iyo Sveulmfrenis patruli tyiani regionis patrulirebisas. es mokle epizodi gviCvenebs, rom saWiroa patara jgufis meTaurebis gawvrTna da maT unda hqondeT ufleba, reagireba moaxdinon maTTan axlos mimdinare sabrZolo moqmedebebze, Tuki radiokavSiri dakargulia. sakiTxavia, icodnen Tu ara oceulis meTaurebma, rom radiokavSiri maT xelmZRvanelTan gawyvetili iyo da miiRes Tu ara zomebi gaerkviaT, hqondaT Tu ara kavSiri. es epizodi aseve gviCvenebs, rom artileria cecxls ar gaxsnida, Tu xmeleTze moqmedi Zalebis meTauri moqmedi ar Zalebis daasaxelebda meTaurma zust SeZlo am adgilmdebareobas. brigadis meTaurma xmeleTze uari

ganesazRvra sakuTari adgilmdebareoba 50 metris cdomilebiT, magram ganacxada gaexsna aseuls saartilerio ar hyavda cecxli monacemebze dayrdnobiT da neba daerTo meTaurisaTvis gaexsna cecxli mowinaaRmdegis mimarTulebiT. sahaero Semadgenlobis oficeri da saparaSuto-sadesanto aseulis meTaurma ver SeZlo gaexsna artileriis cecxli an mas ar hqonda sakmarisi uflebamosileba.

sabWoTa artileria, Cveulebriv, xsnida cecxls winaswar dagegmili grafikis mixedviT da cecxlis ZiriTadi mimarTulebac modioda dagegmili sacecxle wertilidan. ufro zusti damiznebiTi saartilerio cecxlis nacvlad, gamoiyeneboda normatiuli gamanadgurebeli cecxli. sabWoTa artilerias aiZulebdnen swrafad emoqmedaT, sabrZolo brZanebis gareSe. cecxlis gaxsnis sabWouri normatiuli meTodologia Seuferebeli gamodga partizanTa moZrav jgufebTan Setakebisas, romlebic ar Cerdebodnen erT adgilas saartilerio cecxlis molodinSi. sainteresoa, TviTon brigadis meTaurma xom ar Tqva uari saartilerio cecxlze, radgan is piradad ufro met zians miiRebda, Tuki Semdgomi gamoZieba aCvenebda, rom sabWoTa jariskacebi daiRupnen TanamebrZolTa mier gasrolili da ara mowinaaRmdegis tyviiT.

iSkameSis regionSi partizanTa jgufis blokireba, moZieba da ganadgureba maiori a.m. kovirSini18 mowinaaRmdegem ganalaga banaki da sawvrTneli centri sofel iSkameSis maxloblad, qalaq kunduzidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, 60 kilometris moSorebiT. aRniSnul centrSi gawvrTnil partizanTa Zalebi monawilebodnen kundzus aeroportSi safreni aparatebsa da kunduz-pulixumris gzaze momaragebis saavtomobilo kolonaze TavdasxmaSi. ramac xeli SeuSala provinciaSi ganlagebuli garnizonebisa da Zalebis momaragebasa da SenarCunebs. motomsrolelTa polks meTaurobda vice-polkovniki v. m. akimovi, romelsac ubrZanes momzadebuliyo aRniSnul regionSi moqmedi partizanuli Zalebis gasanadgurebulad.19 am mizniT, polks SeurTda calkeuli sadazvevo batalionebi, Sveulmfrenebis calkeuli eskadrilia da ori saartilerio divizioni. amasTanave, polks exmareboda avRaneTis qveiTi jaris divizia. 20 1984 wlis ianvarSi polkma da misma qvedanayofebma miiRes sabrZolo brZanebebi: rekognoscirebis batalioni 82 mm-iani naRmsatyorcniT SeiaraRebul oceulsa da cecxldamSeniT SeiaraRebul aTeulTan erTad, 20 ianvars, 09:00 saaTze sahaero gziT ieriSs miitanen fuloilis, marzekisa da kokabulakis regionze, raTa gza Cauketon mowinaaRmdeges iSkameSsa da fuloilSi. mzad iyaviT iTanamSromloT #2 batalionTan, romelsac evaleba fulolSi mowinaaRmdegis blokireba da ganadgureba. #2 motomsrolelTa batalioni cecxldamSen aTeulTan erTad sahaero gziT ieriSs miitans quCze, badguzarsa da apikutanze da gaanadgurebs iq ganlagebul mowinaaRmdegs. SeuerTdiT ,,javSanjgufs araugvianes 07:00 saaTisa da ganaxxorcieleT da xelSi iyaviT, reidi CaigdeT quCis, badguzarisa masalebis da pilxas mimarTulebiT, raTa gaanadguroT pilkxasa da iligs Soris ganlagebuli mowinaaRmdege Sesabamisad, sabrZolo sawyobi. batalions mzad SeuerTdeT rekognoscirebis

18

a.m. kovirSini msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRuduli kontingentiSi

1982 wlis seqtembridan 1984 noembramde, iyo motomsroleli asulis oceulis meTauri. igi daajildoves ,,wiTeli varskvlavis" ordeniT.
19 20

#2 901 motomsroleli diviziis #149 motomsroleli polki. (redaqtori). #20 qveiTi jaris divizia (redaqtori)

kokabulaki-fulolis mimarTulebiT da gaanadguroT sofel fulolSi dabanakebuli mowinaaRmdege. #1 motomsroleli batalioni, saartilerio batalionTan da cecxldamSen aTulTan erTad, gzis meSveobiT miuaxlovdeba marzeks 08:00 saaTze, 20 ianvars da gaanadgurebs mzad marzek-iSkameSis regionSi ganlagebul mimarTulebiT personalis Sevsebuli. mowinaaRmdeges. gadasaadgileblad. polkis qvedanayofebisa 70%-iT, xolo da sadazvervo batalionis 90%-iT iyo Semadgenloba aRWurviloba iyaviT iSkameSi-darai-paSais

mowinaaRmdegis raodenoba aRniSnul teritoriaze 1100-1300 SearaRebul adamians utoldeboda, maT gaaCndaT 70 yumbarsatyorcni, 25 sazenito tyviamfrqvevi , 12,7mm-iani msxvili kalibris tyviamfrqvevi, 40 naRmsatyorcni da 10 saartilerio qvemexi. dazvervam aCvena, rom aRniSnul teritoriaze ganlagebuli iyo iaraRis Svidi faruli sawyobi, amuniciiTa da sakvebis maragiT. 20 ianvars, diliT, mas Semdeg, rac Cven ganvaxorcieleT sahaero ieriSi kokabulaksa da marzeks Soris mdebare territoriaze, sadazvervo batalioni SveulmfrenebiT gadasxes marzekis aRmosavleTiT, maSin, roca #2 motomsroleli batalioni SveulmfrenebiT gadasxes quCidan CrdiloeTiT, 2 kilometris moSorebiT. mojahedebs reaqcia ar hqondaT Sveulmfrenebze, radganac Cven gamoviyeneT -6 tipis Sevulmfrenebi es iyo satvirTo Sveulmfreni, romelsac, rogorc wesi, ar gamoiyenebdnen sahaero ieriSebisas. am fandma gaamarTla. sadazvervo batalionma, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda vice-polkovniki tixonovi, gadauRoba partizanebs samxreTisken ukan dasaxevi gza da Caketa isini kokabulakisa da marzekis sayrden punqtebSi.

ruka 6: mowinaaRmdegis ganadgureba mis sawvrTnel centrSi, iSkameSis midamoebSi

#1 batalionma, romelsac meTaurobda maiori a.v. vlasovi, isargebla sadazvervo jgufis warmatebiT, 08:30 saaTze Sevida sof. marzeksa da kokabulakSi da SeuerTda mTavar Zalebs sadazvervo jgufTan erTad. momdevno #2 or saaT-naxevris romelsac ganmavlobaSi maT gaanadgures v. kroxini, mowinaaRmdege aRniSnul sayrden punqtebSi. batalioni, meTaurobda vice-polkovniki gadasxes quCis sayrden punqtebSi. man gaanadgura mteri aRniSnul punqtSi. 08:30 saaTze isini SeuerTdnen moaxloebul ,,javSanjgufs, romelic iq #6 aseulis meTauris - ufrosi leitenantis, r. s. zarifovis meTaurobiT gamocxadda. #2 batalioni misi sabrZolo transportiT gaemarTa apikutanbadguzaris mimarTulebiT, iaraRisa da tyvia-wamlis faruli sacavebis moZiebisa da ganadgurebis mizniT. Semakavebeli brZolebis paralelurad, mowinaaRmdegem gaxizna misi Zalebis nawili mTebSi, xolo meore nawili iSkameSSi mojahedebis sawvrTneli centris yvelaze Zlier punqtSi gadavida. #1 motomsrolelma batalionma, romelmac gaanadgura mowinaaRmdege marzeksa da kokabulakSi, samxreTidan iSkameSis mimarTulebiT gadainacvla da adgilze iyo 13:00 saaTze. paralelurad, #2 batalionma gaanadgura mowinaaRmdege badguzarsa da apikutanSi da miuaxlovda iSkameSs CrdiloeTidan. mojahedebi iSkameSSi ori mxridan iyvnen blokirebulni. aTwuTiani gadamRobi saartilerio cecxlis Semdeg, motomsrolelma orive batalionma, moeriSe Sevulfrenebis sahaero mxardaWeriT, ieriSi miitana iSkameSze. 15:00 saaTze iSkameSi daeca. #1 batalioni daedevna mojahedebis jgufs, romelmac SeZlo gaerRvia poziciebi da gaqceuliyo darai-paSais mimarTulebiT. # 2 batalionma gadainacvla fulolis samxreTiT, raTa SeerTeboda sadazvervo jgufs, erToblivi ZalebiT gadaeketaT gzebi da gaenadgurebinaT mowinaaRmdege fuloliSi. 16:00 saaTze mowinaaRmdegem Sewyvita ZiriTadi ieriSi da ZiriTadi Zalebi mimarTa soflebis, fulolisa da darai-paSais dasacavad. mas Semdeg, rac #1 batalionma 17:00 saaTze miaRwia sofel daraipaSais, aRmoCnda, rom SeuZlebeli iyo soflis aReba -ebis meSveobiT. batalioni CamoqveiTda da Seecada alya Semoertya soflisaTvis. amisTvis, saWiro iyo mTaze asvla da samxreTis flangidan Seteva, Tumca samxedro Zalebma ver SeZles am amocanis Sesruleba, radgan garSemortymisas

mowinaaRmdegem

samxedroebs

urTierTgadamfaravi

cecxli

gauxsna.

Semdegi 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi batalioni cdilobda sofelze kontroli daemyarebina, magram uSedegod. #2 batalionma ieriSi miitana fulolize -ebiT, Tumca es mcdelobac uSedegod dasrulda. amitom samxedro Zalebi CamoqveiTdnen da blokireba gaukeTes fulolis samxreTidan. Semdegi 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi #2 batalioni, sadazvervo ZalebTan erTad, cdilobda kontrolqveS moeqcia fuloli. sabolood, maT SeZles fulolis aReba, magram aRmoCnda, rom mowinaaRmdegis umravlesobam moaxerxa Tavis daRweva nislisa da sibnelis wyalobiT da gaixizna samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, mTebSi. 20-21 ianvars Cven gavanadgureT partizanTa mTavari organizebuli dajgufeba iSkameSis regionSi. mowinaaRmdegem daaxloebiT 150 adamiani dakarga. Cven aseve xelSi CavigdeT iaraRisa da tyvia-wamalis sakmaod didi maragi. frunzes punqtebi: mowinaaRmdegis nisa); mowinaaRmdegis SecdomaSi Seyvana, imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu sad igegmeboda realurad sabrZolo moqmedebebi (avRaneTis diviziisaTvis mcdari informaciis miwodebiT); manevrebis farTomasStabiani gamoyeneba, frontaluri brZolebisa da flanguri dartymebis kombinireba, alyis Semortyma, vertikaluri Semortyma rogorc qveiTad, ise sxvadasxva sabrZolo transportis meSveobiT; mWidro koordinacia Sereuli Zalebis qvedanayofebsa da sahaero saartilerio damxmare Zalebs Soris (artileriis sacecxle mxardaWeris oficeri Tan axlda yvela aseuls da saStato ganrigis mixedviT yvela batalions hyavda mewinave sahaero meTvalTvale, xolo yovel aseuls Tan axlda damatebiTi mewinave sahaero meTvalTvale. yvela maTgans hqonda Sesabamisi kavSiris saSualeba); SecdomaSi Seyvana (-6 tipis Sveulmfrenis akademiis komentari: saWiroa gamovyoT Semdegi

gamoyeneba nacvlad Cveulebriv gamoyenebuli -8 tipis Sveulmfre-

20X10 km. farTobis teritoriaze Zalebis araadekvaturi gadanawileba, ramac xeli SegviSala, alyaSi mogveqcia da gagvenadgurebina partizanTaA yvela dajgufeba;

sadazvervo Zalebis gamoyeneba sabrZolo Zalad; moqmedebaTa masStabis gazrdisTvis ufro meti yuradRebis daTmoba, ramac mowinaaRmdegis garSemortmisa da ganadgurebis SesaZlebloba mogvca. redaqtoris komentari: jarebis sahaero gadasxmiTa da sahaero

dartymebiT

gamowveuli

moulodneloba

swrafad

ikargeba.

rodesac

mowinaaRmdege ufro Rrmad Sedis mTian zonaSi, sofelSi an mwvane zonaSi, saWiroa didi raodenobiT mZime artileriisa da didi simZlavris cecxlis gamoyeneba, mis iqedan gamosayvanad. rodesac aRniSnul reidSi gaocebis efeqti gaqra, aRmoCnda, rom sabWoTa Zalebi ibrZodnen or damoukidebel frontze da ar gaaCndaT sakmarisi sabrZolo Zala romelime maTganis mosagebad. sahaero Tavdasxmisas -6 tipis Sveulmfrenebis gamoyeneba amarTlebs devizs, arasodes Seqmna nimuSi, imoqmede moulodnelad. magram sainteresoa, es gamiznuli da kargad gaazrebuli xriki iyo, Tu ubralod gamoiyenes is Sveulmfrenebi, romlebzec xeli miuwvdebodaT?!

helmandis provinciaSi ,,mwvane zonis gawmenda maiori v. i. kuroCkini21 1984 wlis maisSi Cven vaxorcielebdiT samxedro operacias helmandis provinciis partizanTa dajgufebebisagan gazwmendis mizniT. am regionis mojahedebi kargad iyvnen gawvrTnilni da siZulviliT iyvnen gamsWvalulni avRaneTis xelisuflebis mimarT. am droisaTvis sabWoTa Zalebs daugrovdaT didi gamocdileba dasaxlebuli regionebisa da teritoriebis wmendis kuTxiT. ZiriTad SemTxvevebSi, sabrZolo motomsroleli transportidan da jgufis qveiTad jariskacebi atarebdnen CamoqveiTdebodnen

wmendas. faqtobrivad isini atarebdnen wmendas tankebis, artileriisa da -ebis (an -ebis) dauyovnebeli sacecxle mxardaWeris gareSe. mojahedebmac miiRes gamocdileba, sxvadasxva regionebSi wmedasa da qvedanayofebisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevaSi da SeimuSaves sakuTari taqtika da teqnika. rogorc wesi, isini Segvityuebdnen xolme winaswar gansazRvrul teritoriaze da Semdeg 50-100 metridan xsnidnen cecxls. axlo brZolaSi isini mxolod maSin erTvebodnen, Tu Cven ver viyenebdiT artilerias an ar gvqonda sahaero mxardaWera Cveni Zalebisagan 100 metris radiusSi. mojahedebi kargad icnobdnen garemos da mis maxasiaTebel niSnebs da advilad jabnidnen manevrirebisas sabWoTa Zalebs. aRniSnuli Semdeg, operaciisTvis guldasmiT dagegmva romelic da mzadeba mis Catarebamde gacilebiT adre daiwyo. operaciis miznis Sesaxeb instruqtaJis vice-polkovnikma romanovma, xelmZRvanelobda sahaero-sadesanto batalions, gadawyvita, paraSutist-medesanteTa

gadasxmamde Seeyvana mis daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli tankebi da piradi Semadgenlobis gadamyvani saSualebebi ,,mwvane zonaSi. tankebi uzrunvelyofdnen javSnian safars paraSutist-medesanteebisaTvis maT win sacecxle xazebs Soris gasasvlelebis gaWriT. es iyo Zalian kargi idea, radganac mowinaaRmdege, Cveulebriv, naRmavda im teritoriebs, sadac tankebi manevrirebdnen. es monakveTi daserili iyo sarwyavi arxebiT da, Sesabamisad, idealuri iyo CasafrebisaTvis. aseulis mTeurma dagegma, rom sabrZolo formireba unda Semdgariyo kolonebad ganlagebuli ori javSanjgufisagan, romlebsac win gauZRvebodnen tankebi da maT mihyevbodnen piradi Semadgenlobis gadasayvani manqanebi, romlebic
21

v. i. kuroCkini msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRuduli kontingentSi,

1984 wlis Tebervlidan 1986 wlis aprilamde.

Sevidodnen ,,mwvane zonaSi. javSanjgufis yovel flangze imoZravebda sahaero-sadesanto aseuli. wmenda daiwyo 11 maiss, dilis 08:00 saaTze da 13 maiss dRis bolos Cven davasruleT mojahedebis wmenda oazisSi. Cven xelSi CavigdeT didi raodenobiT iaraRi da tyvia-wamali. miuxedavad imisa, rom erT-erTi aseuli 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi mowinaaRmdegis cecxlSi moyva da Cvens tankebs daaxloebiT 40 reaqtiuli tanksawinaaRmdego Wurvi esroles, Cvens batalions erTi adamianic ki ar daukargavs. frunzes akademiis komentari: batalionis warmateba metwilad ganapiroba tankebis moxerxebulma gamoyenebam mowinaaRmdegis pirdapiri cecxliT gasanadgureblad. mesangreTa qvedanayofebma droulad aRmoaCines mowinaaRmdegis mier mowyobili dabrkolebebi da danaRmuli veli. CamoqveiTebul gamnaRmvelebs muSaobisas faravdnen javSantransportiorebi.

ruka 7. sahaero-sadesanto batalionis mier ,,mwvane zonis gawmenda 11-13 maisi 1984 weli.

meTaurma ostaturad gamoiyena saartilerio cecxli, raTa CaexSo mowinaaRmdegis cecxli. tankebi da qveiTi jariskacebi koordinirebulad gadaadgildebodnen erTi xazidan meoreSi. isini ar gadadiodnen wina poziciaze manam, sanam saartilerio divizioni ar CaaxSobda mowinaaRmdegis cecxls. sabrZolo uzrunvelyofis batareis artileriis oficeri Tan axlda asuels da aregulirebda artileriis cecxls am konkretuli aseulisTvis. ase rom, rogorc ki SeamCnevdnen mowinaaRmdeges, informacia cecxlis mimarTulebis Sesaxeb maSinve gadaecemoda sabrZolo uzrunvelyofis batareas. mowinaaRmdeges ar SeeZlo gaexsna zusti, damiznebiTi cecxli, radgan mas sapasuxod saartilerio cecxlis talRa mohyveboda. Sedegad, mowinaaRmdegis sainJinro arc erTi reaqtiurli wyalobiT, tanksawinaaRmdego batalionma SeZlo Wurvi ar moxvedria sabWoTa tanks. cecxlis kargad organizebuli marTvisa da uzrunvelyofis warmatebiT gamoeyenebina tankebi ,,mwvane zonaSi da danakargebis gareSe Seesrulebina misia. redaqtoris komentari: am epizods SeiZleba aseTi saTauri

wavumZRvaroT: Tu es sisulelea, magram Sedegi moaqvs, maSin es sisulele ar aris. meore mxriv, es sakmaod neli da xarjiani meTodia zonis gasawmendad. ar aris naxsenebi, ramdeni adamiani dakarges mojahedebma. ase rom, samdRiani brZolis Sedegad, mebrZolebma daikaves 14 km. farTobis ,,mwvane zona, xolo maTi wasvlis Semdeg am teritorias isev mojahedebi daepatronen.

soflis wmenda avRaneTisa da sabWoTa qvedanayofebis mier maiori s. g. davidenko22 im masudis23 periodis manZilze, rac sabWoTa Zalebi Soris moqmedebdnen ideologiuri da

avRaneTSi, panjSeris xeoba iyo avRaneTis mTavrobasa da axmed Sah meTaurobiT gaerTianebul opozicias samxedro dapirispirebis mTavari punqti. manamde am xeobaSi Catarebuli operaciebi didi danakargebiT mTavrdfeboda. mTis masivi (romelic zRvis donidan sakmaod maRla iyo ganlagebuli) da mkacri klimaturi pirobebi zRudavdnen transportisa da samxedro Zalis SesaZleblobebs. me barakis cixesimagreSi24 ganTavsebuli avRaneTis armiis komandos brigadis mrCeveli viyavi. Cven gvibrZanes soflebis: talxanas, daStakis, turxas, kalatakisa da Cislakis gaCxreka, am rainoSi moqmedi mojahedebis aRmoCenisa da ganadgurebis mizniT. Cven aseve unda aRmogveCina da gagvenadgurebina momzadebuli sacecxle poziciebi da sabrZolo masalis, aRWurvilobisa da sursaT-sanovagis gadanaxuli maragi. sagangebo davalebis miRebisTanave, Cven mzadeba daviwyeT, Tumca avRaneTis brigadis oficrebisa da jariskacebis masobrivi waqezebisa da mojahedebis mxares gadasvlis gamo, operaciis avRanuli mizani myisve gaxda cnobili mowinaaRmdegisTvis. 1984 wlis 28 oqtombers me mibrZanes damewyo sagangebo davalebis Sesruleba. batalionis sabrZolo davaleba aseTi iyo: gamodiT tyidan da qveiTad gauyeviT gzas soflis gasawmendad.
22

Tuki

waawydebiT
msaxurebda

winaaRmdegobas
sabWoTa

mowinaaRmdegis
jarebis SezRudul avRaneTis dajgufebis

s.g.

davidenko wlis

avRaneTSi 1986

kontingentSi1984
23

seqtembridan dasavleTSi

wlis

seqtembramde, yvela cnobili

batalionis meTauris mrCevlad. axmed Sah masudi partizanTa xelmZRvanelia. warmoSobiT tajikia. Seqmna yvelaze didi partizanuli armia avRaneTSi, romelic sarezervo partizanebis CaTvliT, 50 000 mebrZols aerTianebda. ar dagaviwydeT, rom sabWoTa regularul armiaSi mxolod 11 000 samxedro mosamsaxure iyo. masudi 1950 wels daibada, sainJinro ganaTleba miiRo, Tavisuflad flobda frangul enas. sabWoTaA Zalebi xSirad ecilebodnen masuds mis mier kontrolirebad 70 milis sigrZis panjSeris xeobaSi, magram miuxedavad amisa, sabolood xeoba mainc masuds rCeboda. masudi dasavleTis favoriti avRaneli gaxda, mas Semdeg, rac ken foletma gamoaqveyna wigni brZola lomebTan, romelic partizanTa am Zlier xelmZRvanels miuZRvna. (gamomcemeli)
24

#212 calkeuli moieriSe brigada.

mxridan, mimarTeT maTze saartilerio cecxli saartilerio divizionidan, romelic ekuTvnis komandos brigadas. iqonieT mWidro kavSiri ruxas cixe-simagreSi ganlagebul sabWoTaA motomsrolel polkTan.25 operaciisaTvis mzadebis procesSi, informaciis gaJonvis gamo, saWiro gaxda zogierTi sabrZolo davalebis Secvla da gaZliereba. axali davalebis Tanaxmad, daekavebina avRaneTis saguSago #2 batalioni unda gamosuliyo amaRlebuli tyidan da #21-is mimdebare teritoriebi.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, aqidan maT SeeZloT mxari daeWiraT sabWoTa motomsroleli aseulisTvis, romelsac damoukideblad unda gaeCxrika soflebi: talxana da daStaki. amis Semdeg am or danayofs unda gaecvala rolebi manam, sanam avRanelTa batalioni Cxrekda turxas. daniSnul dros avRaneTis batalionis 150 jariskacma datova cixesimagre. saaT-naxevarSi maT miaRwies saguSago #21-s. sabWoTA aseulma gawminda soflebi: talxana da daStaki. wmendis dros mojahedebi ver aRmoaCines, Tumca miagnes mosasvenelebel punqts, sanovagis mcire maragsa da antisabWoTa proklamaciebs. 29 oqtombris saRamos batalionma miaRwia sofel turxasTan. #20 saguSagos meTvalyureebma SeniSnes mojahedebis gadaadgileba sofelSi erTi dRiT adre. aq maT aRmoaCines kaJis Tofebi da kalaSnikovis sistemis erTi avtomaturi iaraRi -74. imave saRamos batalioni bazarakis cixesimagreSi dasasveneblad dabrunda. 31 oqtombris dilas avRaneTis batalionis meTaursa da sabWoTa motomsroleli polkis meTaurebis mier gegmebis erToblivi Sejerebis Semdeg, Zalebi gavidnen soflebis: satas, kalatakisa da kiSlakis gasaCxrekad. gegmis mixedviT, avRanelTa batalioni unda Sesuliyo xeobaSi da TanmimdevrobiT gaeCxrika soflebi. xeobas hqonda ori Txemi. saWiro iyo sabWoTa batalionis orive Txemze ganTavseba. rodesac maT miaRwies qedebis Txems, sabWoTa batalionebma daamyares kontroli amaRlebul teritoriebze da aqidan SeeZloT mxari daeWiraT avRanuli batalionebisaTvis. artileria mzad iyo gaexsna cecxli daculi poziciebidan da gamagrebuli adgilebidan. SuadRisas avRanelTa batalionma daiwyo xeobis wmenda, xolo sabWoTa batalionebma daiwyes qedebis dakaveba. avRaneTis Zalebs win
25

sursaT-

savaraudod, #108 motomsroleli diviziis #682 motomsroleli polki.

gamnaRmvelebi

miuZRodnen.

rodesac

avRanelTa

batalionma

scada

miaxloveboda kiSlaks (gaCxrekis mizniT), isini gadaawydnen cecxlsasroli iaraRis, naRmsatyorcnebisa da tyviamfrqvevebis cecxls. paralelurad, orive sabWoTa batalioni danaRmul mindorze aRmoCnda. mowinaaRmdegem sabWoTa batalionebs safridan cecxli gauxsna da didi danakargi miayena. verc erTma batalionma ver SeZlo poziciis dakaveba da avRanelTa batalionis daxmareba. Tavis mxriv, avRanelTa batalionmac didi danakargi ganicada da Sebindebisas iZulebuli gaxda, ukan daexia sofel bazarakisken. frunzes akademiis komentari: aRniSnuli magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom marto kargi gegma sakmarisi ar aris. saWiroa misi ostaturad Sesrulebac.

ruka 8: avRanuri da sabWoTa Zalebi wmenden soflebs.

operacia detalurad iyo dagegmili. amis miuxedavad mainc ver moxerxda arsebuli problemebis gadaWra. Tavdapirvelad gaJona usafrTxoebasTan dakavaSirebulma informaciam. Semdeg, Cveni dazverva ar flobda sakmaris informacias mojahedebis Zalebisa da sakomunikacio xazebis Sesaxeb. mowinaaRmdege ukve icnobda sabWoTa da avRanuri Zalebis manevrirebis sqemas da hqonda sakmarisi dro, gadaeyvana Tavisi Zalebi saWiro poziciebze an sulac gaeridebina brZolis velidan. aseT farTo teritoriaze wmendis Catarebisas meTauri ar unda moeSvas arc erTi wuTiT. mowinaaRmdegem moaduna Cveni Zalebis yuradReba, rodesac gaiyvana Zalebi pirveli soflidan wmendis dawyebamde. Semdeg maT wamoiwyes brZola arCeul adgilsa da dros. mTeli operaciis manZilze didi problemebi iyo komunikaciasTan dakavSirebiT. amis gamo daikarga kontroli da informacia qvedanayofebis statusisa da situaciis Sesaxeb. avRanur batalionebsa da maT mxaradmWer artilerias Soris koordinacia aradamakmayofilebeli iyo. redaqtoris komentari: am epizodidan erTi umTavresi daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba: ar gamoiyeno qveiTi jari, Tu maT ar aqvT sahaero an saartilerio erTad, mxardaWera. mTaSi radiokavSiris matarebelia. ganxorcieleba mTis rTulia, magram uwyveti radiokavSiri, saartilerio an sahaero mxardaWerasTan sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis mwvervalze radioretranslaciis punqtebis ganlageba an safreni aparatis gamoyeneba erTgvari gamosavalia. saxmeleTo Zalebi gadaadgildebodnen Sesabamisi saflango, mewinave da zurgis usafrTxoebis gareSe. amis gamo orive sabWoTa miatoves batalioni avRanuli aRmoCnda batalioni. danaRmul avRanelTa mindorze da gaWirvebaSi gadakveTa batalionma

SemzRudveli zona misi winaswar gawmendisa da sabWoTa batalionis mxridan misi flangis dacvisa da meTvalyureobis gareSe. sahaero Zalis mxardaWeris ararsebobam ki sabolood gadawyvita avRanuri batalionis bedi.

potenciuri Casafrebis adgilebis wmenda kapitani i. p. tereSCenko26 1985 wlisTvis mojahedebma xelSi Caigdes kargad daculi teritoriebi da Tavs esxmodnen Cvens Zalebs Casafrebidan. amis gamo Seicvala sabWoTa Zalebis danayofebisa da qvedanayofebis sabrZolo davalebaTa xasiaTic. Cveni mTavari, sagangebo davalebebi axla moicavda mTiani xeobebis da dasaxlebuli teritoriebis blokirebasa da wmendas, konvois Tanxlebasa da taqtikur sahaero ieriSSi monawileobas mniSvnelovani obieqtebis dakavebis mizniT.

26

i.p. terSCenko msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi

1984 wlis aprilidan 1986 wlis aprilamde, batalionis meTauris moadgiled.

ruka 9: potenciuri Casafarebis zonis wmenda 1985 wlis 25 maisi

Cvenma motomsrolelma batalionma miiRo sabrZolo davaleba sofel Tagabis mosazRvre teritoriis wmendasTan dakavSirebiT. dazvervis informaciiT, aRniSnul teritoriaze moqmedebda partizanTa didi dajgufeba. Cven sabazo banakSi safuZvlianad movamzadeT da gavwvrTveniT Cveni Zalebi am davalebis Sesasruleblad. Cemi batalionis meTaurma dagegma, gaeCxrika regioni Cveni erT-erTi aseulis gamoyenebiT, romelic SveulmfrenebiT unda gadagvesxa aRniSnul teritoriaze. 1985 wlis 25 maiss, 08:00 saaTze, #8 motomsroleli aseuli sahaero saSualebebiT gadasxes sofel TabagTan axlos. asuelis meTaurma erTi oceuli win waimZRvara, rogorc mewinave patruli da aseulis darCenili nawili daZra #1 gorakisken. sapatrulo oceuli miadga tyeSi gakaful teritorias, oceulis meTaurma mogvaxsena, rom gakaful mindors iqiT, SesaZlo iyo ganlagebuli yofiliyo Casafrebis adgilebi. aseulis meTaurma ubrZana oceulis meTaurs, erT xazad moewyo oceuli da gaegrZelebina gadaadgileba. mojahedebma ifiqres, rom isini aRmoaCines da gaxsnes cecxli. aseulis meTaurma gadawyvita aseulis danarCeni nawiliT alya Semoertya mowinaaRmdegesTvis da daertya misTvis sxva flangidan. amisTvis maT naxevari saaTi dasWirdaT. am droisTvis mowinaaRmdegem Sewyvita Seteva da ukan daixia. aseulma gaCxrika teritoria, magram mowinaaRmdege ver aRmoaCina. frunzes akademiis komentari: ucnobi teritoriis wmendisas saWiroa dazverva. qvedanayofebis yvela Semdegi sabrZolo qmedeba unda eyrdnobodes dazvervisa da usafrTxoebis elementebs. Semdeg, wmendis dawyebamde saWiroa daikavo sakvanZo pozicia. yvelaze marTebulia amisTvis reidis jgufebis gamoyeneba. sabolood, wmendis warmatebiT Casatareblad da mowinaaRmdegis gasanadgureblad, mowinaaRmdeges ar unda misce poziciis Secvlis saSualeba, mis wina xazze ieriSis mitanis meSveobiT. amavdroulad, alya unda Semoartya mas da flangidan Seutio.

vardujis xeobaSi mojahedebis blokireba, moZieba da ganadgureba

maiori s. v. krutiakovi27 1985 wlis ivnisis dasawyisSi najmudinis partizanulma Zalebma ganalages Stabi vardujis xeobaSi, sofel jurmTan axlos. partizanTa jgufi Sedgeboda daaxloebiT 500 kacisagan, kargi SeiaraRebiTa da aRWurvilobiT, rac moicavda sam samTo iaraRs, 8-10 naRmsatyorcns da sakomunikacio sistemas. adgilobrivi mosaxleoba mxars uWerda najmudins da ar moswonda avRaneTis mTavroba. dazvervam gvacnoba, rom sofelSi Sevida qaravani. meTaurebma gadawyvites partizanTa Stabis ganadgureba, qaravnisa da maragis faruli sacavis xelSi Cagdeba. Cems #1 motomsrolel batalions daevala 4-5 ivnisis Rames gadaesrola ori aseuli da naRmmtyorcnelTa batarea, raTa moewyoT sakontrolo saguSagoebi xeobis aRmosavleT da dasavleT kedlebTan. 28 Semdeg Cemi aseulis darCenili nawili unda SeerTeboda avRanuriA armiis #2 qveiT batalions da CrdiloeTidan xeobis mimarTulebiT daewyo wmenda. wmendis dros unda Cagvegdo xelSi maragis faruli sawyobebi da adgilzeve gagvewvia axalgazrdebi samxedro samsaxurSi. Cems batalions zurgs umagrebda 122 mm-iani -30 haubicebiT SeiaraRebuli batarea da 21 ,,gradis tipis zalpuri cecxlis reaqtiuli danadgarebiT SeiaraRebuli batarea. me vxelmZRvanelobdi brZolisaTvis mzadebas Cvens sabazo banakSi. 4-5 ivnisis Rames Cemi #2 da #3 aseuli da naRmmtyorcnelTa batarea gavida davalebaze. #2 aseuls evaleboda erTi naRmmtyorcnelTa oceulis daxmarebiT Caeketa xeobis dasavleT mxare 04:00 saaTze. #3 aseuls, sxva naRmmtyorcnelTa oceulTan erTad, unda Caeketa aRmosavleTis kedelTan arsebuli yvela gasasvleli 04:00 saaTze. #2 aseulma Seasrula davaleba da daikava pozicia 5 ivniss, 03:00 saaTze. mojahedebma ver SeniSnes maTi miaxloeba. 03:45 saaTze, rodesac Cemi #3 aseuli uaxlovdeboda poziciebs, mowinaaRmdegem igi aRmoaCina da gauxsna cecxli 246.0 gorakis CrdiloeTiT mdebare gorakidan. Cvenma yumbarmtyorcnelTa oceulma sapasuxo cecxli gaxsna da gaanadgura mowinaaRmdege. 15 wuTis Semdeg #3 aseulma daikava sakontrolo saguSagoebi.
27

s. v. krutiakovi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi savaraudod, #680 calkeuli motomsroleli polkis @#1 batalioni (redaqtori).

1985-1987 ww. motomsroleli batalionis meTaurad.

28

04:00 saaTze 25 mojahedi Cemi #2 aseulis me-3 oceuls daesxa Tavs , romelsac sabrZolo uzrunvelyofas uwevdnen naRmsatyorcnebi. mowinaaRmdegem aRmosavleTidan miitana ieriSi da amomavalma mzem faqtobrivad daabrmava Cveni oceuli. oceulma datova poziciebi gorak # 224.6-ze da samxreTiT gadainacvla #2 oceulTan SeerTebis mizniT. imavdroulad, Tavs daesxnen Cemi #2 aseulis sameTauro saguSagos (romelic ganlagebuli iyo gorakze #246.4 #1 oceulTan erTad). rogorc ki gaviazre Seqmnili mdgomareoba, vubrZane #2 aseulis ,,javSanjgufs (romelsac me vakontrolebdi) da #1 aseulis ,,javSanjgufs (Cems gamwmend aseuls), SeerTebodnen Zalebs Cems sarezervo jgufTan (sadazvervo oceuli) erTad.

ruka 10 sabrZolo moqmedebebi vardujis xeobaSi

me vubrZane maT, Tavidan daekavebinaT #3 oceulis pozicia 224.6 gorakze, gaenadgurebinaT ukan mojahedebi, da romlebic exmarebodnen mojahedebisaTvis mowinaaRmdeges daxevaSi gadaeketaT

dasavleTis gza. maT Seasruls davaleba, mokles 7 mojahedi, daatyveves 6 da xelSi Caigdes 11 erTeuli iaraRi. Cvenma Zalebma gaCxrikes xeoba, magram Setakebebi aRar momxdara, mowinaaRmdege ki mosaxleobas Seeria. Cxrekis dros aRmovaCineT sursaT-sanovagis maragi 90 tona xorbliT. frunzes akademiis komentari: aRniSnuli epizodidan SeiZleba gamovyoT Semdegi faqtorebi: batalionis meTauri ostaturad akontrolebda brZolis mimdinareobas. man dauyovnebliv gadaiyvana sarezervo Zalebi da araaqtiur seqtorSi ganlagebuli Zalebi im seqtorSi, romelic safrTxis qveS iyo; erTi mimarTulebiT meTaurebi ver Tan moqmed oceulebs ver Soris saerTo sacecxle mxaradWerisa da koordinaciis ararseboba; umcrosi operatiulad SeZlo ar gadaewyvnen poziciebis sacecxle gadamRobi Seqmna da cecxlis gegmaze; Semadgenlobam qvedanayofebs sabrZolo axldnen Tavdacvis mizniT naRmmtyorcnelTa cecxlis gamoyeneba; mxardaWeris koordinatorebi, raTa miemarTaT saartilerio cecxli. aman naklebad efeqturi gaxada artileriis funqcia. redaqtoris komentari: ,,javSanjgufis mTavari amocanaa, iyos swrafi reagirebis sarezervo jgufi da mimarTos cecxlis mTeli simZlavre safrTxis qveS moxvedrl seqtorze. saWiroa meqanizebuli qveiTi jaris gawvrTna, raTa javSantransportiorebis gareSe moqmedeba SeZlon.

mTa xelbis Tanmimdevruli blokireba da wmenda anuSelas maxloblad maiori p. a. skovorodnikovi29 1986 wlis Tebervalsa da martSi yandaRaris, kalatasa da Sar-e-Safas teritoriaze SeimCneoda partizanTa gaaqtiureba. isini Tavs esxmodnen sabWoTaA da avRaneTis avtokolonebs, naRmavdnen gzebs, saartilerio cecxls xsnidnen samxedro banakebisa da saguSagoebis mimarTulebiT, uzrunvelyofdnen SeiaraRebul dacvas pakisatanidan iaraRisa da tyviawamalis gadamzidavi partizanTa kolonebisaTvis. vice-polkovnikma v. i. carevma, saparaSuto-sadesanto batalionis meTaurma30 da Cemma uSualo ufrosma miiRo Semdegi davaleba: ,,mzad iyaviT, ramdenime dReSi anuSelas maxloblad mdebare xeobaSi mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebis mizniT unda moaxdinoT blokireba da moZieba. sabrZolo moqmedebebSi unda CarToT brigadis #1 motomsroleli batalioni erTi aseulis gamoklebiT (#1 motomsrolel batalions xelmZRvanelobda vice-polkovniki a.g. ivanovi). aRniSnuli operaciisTvis wvrTnebi daiwyo 16 marts. ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeboda mTaSi brZolaze, danaRmuli mindvrisa da maxeebis gauvnebelyofaze, Ramis brZolaze gamoqvabulebis blokirebasa da maTi mcvelebis likvidaciaze, mTidan daWrilebis gamoyvanasa da asafeTqebeli mowyobilobebis gamoyenebiT sawyobebis ganadgurebaze (es ukanaskneli xorcieldeboda gamnaRmvelTa jgufTan erTad amisaTvis yovel aseuls hyavda gamnaRmvelTa aTeuli). wvrTnebi dasrulda mTeli batalionis taqtikuri swavlebiT. 24 marts, 20:00 saaTze meTaurma sabolood Camoayaliba brZanebebi da 22:00 saaTze gaacno isini mis daqvemdebarebaSi myof pirebs. #1 motomsroleli batalioni (#3 aseulis garda) Tanmimdevrulad moawyobs Cauketavs
29

blokirebis

saguSagoebs

xeobis

aRmosavleT

mxares

da

mowinaaRmdeges

aRmosavleTisken

gasasvlels.

blokirebis

p. a. skovorodnikovi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul

kontingentSi, 1985-1987 wlebSi, saparaSuto-sadesanto batalionis Stabis ufrosad. igi orjer daajildoves ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT da sabrZolo medliT ,,brZolebSi gamoCenili mamacobisaTvis.
30

70 calkeuli motomsroleli brigadis saparaSuto-sadesanto batalioni (redaqtori).

Zalebi adgilze unda iyvnen 25 marts, 06:00 saaTze. #1 motomsroleli batalionis sahaero mxardaWeras uzrunvelyofen -24 tipis moieriSe Sveulmfrenebi. #3 saparaSuto-sadesanto dasavleT mxares, aseuli raTa Tanmimdevrulad Caketon ganalagebs blokirebis saguSagoebs samxreTidan CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT, xeobis saaTze. ,,saparaSuto-sadesanto batalionis darCenili nawili Caketavs xeobis samxreT gasasvlels. oceuli. batalions TviTmavali daexmareba haubicebis ori satanko batalioni, oceuli, -22 tanksawinaaRmdego batarea, cecxlsatyorcni iaraRiT aRWurvili oceuli da gamnaRmvelTaA grigalisebri () 220mm-iani yumbarsatyorcni reaqtiuli sistemebi, uSualo sahaero mxardaWeris moieriSe TviTmfrinavis -25 aTeuli da moieriSe Sveulmfrenebi, -24, uzrunvelyofen batalions farTo sacecxle mxardaWeriT. mowinaaRmdegisTvis dasavleTis gasasvleli. blokirebis es Zala adglze unda iyos 25 martis 06:00

ruka 11: Tanmimdevruli blokireba mTis xeobis wmendis dros

25 marts, 06:30 saaTze, saartilerio momzadebis Semdeg, batalioni daiwyebs wmendas CrdiloeTidan mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebisa da misi tyvia-wamalis maragis xelSi Cagdebis mizniT. Zalebi droulad gavidnen davalebaze da daikaves sabrZolo poziciebi. artileria 25 wuTis ganmavlobaSi emzadeboda srolisaTvis. artileriis sacecxle gegma moicavda kasetur naRmebs (), romlebic gamoiyeneboda mojahedebisaTvis CrdiloeTisken ukan daxevaSi xelis SesaSlelad. artileriis momzadebis dasrulebisTanave, batalionma daiwyo wmenda. #1 motomsrolel batalions, iseve, rogorc #2 saparaSuto-sadesanto aseuls, Tan axlda artileriis mewinave meTvalTvale. sahaero brZolis kontrolis jgufi aseve Tan axlda da #3 #1 motomsrolel batalions. #1 motomsrolelma batalionma saparaSuto-sadesanto aseulma

daikaves mniSvnelovani poziciebi. isini akontrolebdnen xeobis ferdebs. Zalebis erTma nawilma Caketa xeobidan gasasvleli gzebi. imavdroulad, Zalebis meore nawili monacvleobiT gadaadgildeboda CrdiloeTisken axali poziciis dasakaveblad. amrigad, maT SeeZloT nebismier dros daxmarebodnen saparaSuto-sahaero batalions xeobis wmendaSi. 14:30 saaTze wmenda dasrulda. brZolis dros Cven gavanadgureT 20 mojahedi, xelSi CavigdeT iaraRis ramdenime sawyobi, aseve, aRmovaCineT da gavanadgureT tyvia-wamlis ramdenime sawyobi. frunzes akademiis komentari: Cven aRmovaCineT, rom xeobis wmendisa da blokirebisas saukeTeso gamosavali iyo miaxloeba da Tavdasxmis poziciebis Rame dakaveba. sakvanZo mniSvneloba eniWeboda blokirebisa da gamwmend Zalebs Soris mWidro kavSirs, wmendis tempis SesanarCuneblad da davalebis droulad Sesasruleblad. yvela operacia kargad Sesrulda. Tumca iyo garkveuli xarvezebic. SesaZlebeli iyo artileriisa da aviaciis ufro efeqturad gamoyeneba. amisTvis Zalian bevri mizezi arsebobda. didi dro daikarga cecxlis gamoZaxebisas. mojahedebs hqondaT sakmarisi dro, raTa gadaeyvanaT sakuTari Zalebi usafrTxo qvabulebSi da daetovebinaT meTvalyureebi sabrZolo saguSagoebze. mowinaaRmdegem SecdomaSi Seeyvana Cveni aviacia, radgan sakuTar saguSagoebze ganalaga Cveni mokavSire jarisTvis gankuTvnili niSnulebi. naRmebi ar iyo sakmarisi sizustiT ganlagebuli. ase rom, -ebiT danaRmul mindorze arsebuli gasaZromebiT mojahedebma kargad isargebles da CrdiloeTisken gaiqcnen.

da erTic _ rodesac mowinaaRmdegem aRmoaCina Cveni Zalebi am teritoriaze, mas hqonda sakmarisi dro, daenaRma xeobis Sesasvleli da bilikebi. sabolood, aRniSnuli epizodis Sewavlisas, naTlad Cans, rom mowinaaRmdegis blokireba da wmenda moiTxovs ufro farTo, sxvadasxva Semadgenlobis Zalebs, rac moicavs yvelaze Tanamedrove da efeqtur sabrZolo saSualebebs. am operaciaSi monawileobdnen mxolod sabWoTa Zalebi, avRaneTis samTavrobo Zalebis gareSe. redaqtoris komentari: sahaero Zala Zalian efeqturia da moieriSe Sveulmfrenebs warimarTeba. mokavSireTa winaaRmdeg, SeuZliaT Tumca poziciis romelsac erTi dRe dazogon, an Tu movlenebi cudaT sariskoa igebs standartuli am piroteqnikis pilotebTan da gamoyeneba komunikacia. im Zalis umniS-

aRsaniSnavad esaWiroeba

mowinaaRmdege

advilad

kodebs sahaero

iyenebs

mxardaWera.

vnelovanesia, rom saxmeleTo Zalebs hqondeT pirdapiri komunikacia sahaero ZalebTan.

dasaxlebuli regionis blokireba da wmenda vice-polkovniki v. v. Subini31 avRaneTis demokratiuli respublikis diviziebma [formirebebma] da polkebma [danayofebma] 1986 wlis martidan seqtembramde Caatares ramdenime operacia yandaRaris provinciaSi. maT imdenad mniSvnelovani ziani miayenes partizanTa Zalebs, rom mowinaaRmdegis umravlesoba iZulebuli gaxda Tavi Seefarebina usafrTxo pakistanisaTvis. seqtembris mosasveneblad dasawyisSi da intensiuri brZolebi Sewyda. avRanelTaA 6 meTaurebma gadawyvites, maTi Zalebi sabazo banakebSi gadaeyvanaT wvrTnebis gasagrZeleblad. Sesabamisad, seqtembers, #9 qveiTi diviziis polki daiZra baznis provinciaSi ganlagebuli sabazo banakebisaken. divizias unda gaevlo zabolis provincia, sadac ganlagebuli iyo partizanTaA xuTi Tu eqvsi dajgufeba, jamSi, 500 kacis SemadgenlobiT. mojahedebs xelmZRvanelobda adgilobriv partizanTa lideri fahlavani. isini ganlagebuli iyvnen pakistanis sazRvarTan axlos, SeiaraRebulni iyvnen sxvadasxva saxis cecxlsasroli iaraRiT, naRmsatyorcnebiT, yumbarsatyorcnebiTa da sazenito marTvadi saraketo sistemebiT. isini kargad icnobdnen adgilobriv teritorias da SeeZloT swrafad da saidumlod gadaeadgilebinaT Zalebi da sabrZolo teqnika aRniSnul teritoriaze. zabola mTiani raionia, alag-alag, naxevrad udabnoTi. partizanebi safrad radganac iyenebdnen sagzao karezis #9 am qseli miwisqveSa qveiTi diviziis regionSi sarwyav gadaadgilebis iyo sistemebs. Sesaxeb. ganviTarebuli, mowinaaRmdegem icoda

cudad

mowinaaRmdegem icoda, vin rodis gaivlida yandaRari-Raznis gzis viwro monakveTebze. 7 seqtembers, 05:00 saaTze orma afeTqebam orad gahyo sofel Singali-kalaisTan arsebuli gza. imavdroulad, mojahedebma Casafrebidan gaxsnes cecxli maT xelT arsebuli yvela iaraRidan. pirveli ramdenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi, maT gaanadgures 4 tanki, 3 32 da 7 satvirTo avtomobili.
31

v. v. Subini msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi

1986-1988 ww. is daajildoves medliT ,,sabrZolo mamacobisaTvis da ,,didebis ordeniT.

32

-i aris qveiTi jaris rvaTvliani javSantransportiori, romelsac SeuZlia

TerTmetkaciani aTulis gadayvana. mas gaaCnia 14.5 mm-iani da 7.62 mm-iani

diviziis kolonis nawilma, diviziis meTaurTan erTad, SeZlo gaerRvia blokirebuli teritoria da kalatis provinciis centrisken gaqceuliyo. es moxda 05:20 saaTze. diviziis meTaurma daxmareba provinciis ,,sarandois 33 meTaurs sTxova. provinciis xelmZRvanelebi daTanxmdnen, xafangSi moxvedrili qvedanayofebis dasaxmareblad gamoeyoT #35 operatiuli batalioni, romelsac khad-is34 aseuli dauWerda mxars. provinciis Zalebis mTavari amocana iyo, sabrZolvelad gamoewviaT Zalebi, gaexsnaT maTTvis sahaero da saartilerio cecxli da imavdroulad, ieriSi mietanaT wina xazidan da zurgidan maT gasanadgureblad.

tyviamfrqvevi da SeuZlia tanksawinaaRmdego iaraRis gadatanac. -i da yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneboda sabWoTa jarebSi qveiTi Zalebis gadasayvanad. (redaqtori)
33

,,sarandoi- avraneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros SeiaraRebuli Zalebi daaxloebiT 6000 kacs) da ganlagebuli iyvnen yandaRaris,

kargad SeiaraRebuli sapolicio Zalebi. isini iyofodnen 6 brigadad an polkad (aerTianebda badaxstanis, baRlanisa da paravanis provinciebSi, kidev ori- qabulSi. ,,sarandois hyavda damatebiT 6000 kaci saoperacio da samTo batalionSi (redaqtori).
34

khad-i iyo avRaneTis mTavrobis saidumlo policia, romelsac evaleboda

qveyanaSi Sida politikuri opoziciis aRmoCena da neitralizeba, mojahedebis ganadgureba, qveynis farglebs gareT arsebul opoziciur jgufebSi SeRweva da samxedro danayofis meSveobiT samxedro Zalebis samxedro dazvervis informaciiT uzrunvelyofa. khadi -i, faqtobrivad, -s da -s modeliT iyo Seqmnili da savaraudod, -s abarebda angariSs (redaqtori).

ruka 12: dasaxlebuli regionis blokireba da wmenda

batalionis meTaurma or kolonad dayo Zalebi. pirvel kolonaSi Sedioda 35-e batalionis #1 da #3 aseulebi da Dkhad-is aseuli. meore kolonaSi Sedioda 35-e batalionis me-2 aseuli. kolonebi gavidnen davalebaze 06:00 saaTze. 06:10-dan 06:25 saaTamde artileria da moieriSe Sveulmfrenebi axorcielebdnen mosamzadebel dabombvas. 06:30 saaTze flangis qvedanayofma (me-2 aseulma) radios meSveobiT Segvatyobina, rom

daniSnulebis adgilze imyofeboda. batalionis qvedanayofma niSani misca da batalionma ieriSi miitana mowinaaRmdegis zurgsa da wina xazze mowinaaRmdegem miatova daWrilebi, iaraRi, tyvia-wamali da ukan daixia. daiRupa 27-mde mowinaaRmdege, 36 daiWra. avRaneTis samTavrobo Zalebma xelSi Caigdes 2 cecxlsasroli iaraRi, eqvsi naRmsatyorcni, ori 12,7 mm-iani tyviamfrqvevi , 3 _ tanksawinaaRmdego yumbarsatyorcni, ori yuTi Wurvi da eqvsi tipis avtomaturi iaraRi. 35-e operatiulma batalionma dakarga 2 jariskaci, 6 idaiWra. frunzes akademiis komentari: da mowinaaRmdegis ganapiroba da Casafrebis qvemoT

warmatebuli personalis

blokireba swrafad

ganadgureba da

moyvanilma faqtorebma:^ Sekrebam iaraRisa aRWurvilobis mzadyofnam brZolisTvis; batalionis meTaurTa moxerxebulobam da samxedro codnam; adgilobrivi teritoris kargi codnam; mowinaaRmdegis gansazRvram. imavdroulad, flangis qvedanayofma bolomde ver Seasrula Tavisi amocana, rac mdgomareobda mowinaaRmdegisTvis ukan dasaxevi gzis moWraSi. amis mizezad ramdenime faqtors miviCnev. dazveram ar dauTmo saTanado yuradReba mowinaaRmdegis sabrZolo da gamafrTxilebeli saguSagoebis ganlagebas. iyo agreTve garkveuli xarvezebi brZanebebisa da kontrolis TvalsazrisiT, radganac sameTauro punqti brZolis moednidan moSorebiT iyo ganlagebuli. da bolos, mowinaaRmdegis ukan daxevis dros ar iyo sakmarisad Zlieri CamxSobi cecxli. brZolis Semdgomi analizi gviCvenebs, rom mowinaaRmdegem kargad Seiswavla teritoria da konvois struqtura da SearCia Casafrebis adgilebi ise, rom maqsimalurad Seemcirebina diviziis kolonebisaTvis brZolis SesaZlebloba da gansakuTrebiT daekninebina misi sacecxle mxardaWera. sabrZolo gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom yvela kolonas unda hqondes sahaero mxardaWera, miuxedavad misi sididisa. moqmedebaTa miamrTulebis zustad

redaqtoris komentari: Casafrebis zonebis SturmisTvis saukeTesoa ieriSis mitana wina xazidan an zurgidan. Tu Tqveni Zalebi ganadgurebis zonaSi moxvdnen, saukeTeso gamosavalia, saswrafod, pirdapir SeutioT Casafrebis zonebs, vidre pasiurad darCeT erT adgilas da daixocoT ganadgurebis zonaSi. avRanelTa diviziis erTma nawilma, savaraudod, scada, Tavi daecva ganadgurebis zonaSi. diviziis danakargebis Sesaxeb informacia mocemuli ar aris, magram es maCvenebeli, savaraudod, maRalia.

mowinaaRmdegis blokireba soflebSi da misi ganadgureba wmendis dros maior s.s. gazarianis35 mier 1985 wlis TebervalSi dazvervis agentma gvacnoba, dajgufeba ganlagebuli iyo sofel karamagulSi. Cveni polxis xelmZRvanelma gadawyvita alya Semoertya am teritoriisaTvis da moeZiebina da gaenadgurebina mowinaaRmdege. Cems batalions me-2 motomsrolel batalions - daevala am operaciis Catareba, mas daxmarebas gauwevda polkis dazvervis danayofebi da ori saartilerio batarea. aseve Cvens gankargulebaSi iyo eqvsi moieriSe Sevulmfreni armiis aviacidan. yvela Zala unda gamogveyenebina sawyisi blokirebis operaciisaTvis. 11-12 Tebervlis Rames or motomsrolel aseuls, rommelic qveiTAd gadaadgildeboda, unda daekavebina mTavari teritoria (gorakebi 1864.4 da 1973,0) sabrZolo seqtoris samxreTiTa da aRmosavleTiT. 12 Tebervals 06:00 saaTze, Cvens me-4 motomsrolelTa aseuli da sadazvervo aseuli SveulmfrenebiT unda gadaesxaT sofel karmagulis CrdiloeTiT da dasavleTiT mTavari teritoriebis dasakaveblad. me-5 motomsrolel aseuls ki unda moewyo oceulisaTvis gankuTvnili Casafreba karamagulidan bataSi mojahedebis gaqcevsi aRsakveTad. Cven vgegmavdiT wmenda ganTiadze Cagvetarebina, mxolod mas Semdeg, rac davikavebdiT mTavar teritoriebs da alyaSi movaqcevdiT mowinaaRmdeges. artileriisa da moieriSe Sveulmfrenebis aTwuTiani mzadebis Semdeg, sadazvervo aseuli win wavida da daiwyo teritoriis wmenda. mterma scada, alya gaerRvia xevebisa da wyalsadeni arxebis meSveobiT. mojahedebis jgufma samxreT-dasavleTisken scada gaqceva. Semdeg kidev erTma yvela jgufma scada alyis garRveva. dasrulda. Tumca mxolod mowinaaRmdegis mcdeloba uSedegod rom xelis

cecxlsasruli iaraRiT SeiaraRebuli 100-120 kacisgan Semdgari partizanTa

raomdenime kacma Tu SeZlo xevis meSveobiT sofel bataSi gaqceuliyo. brZolis dros, mterma 60 mebrZoli dakarga, 12 Cven tyved aviyvaneT. aseve xelSi CavigdeT 25 iaraRi. batalionis danakargebi umniSvnelo iyo.
35

s.s. gazariani msaxurobda

avRaneTi 1984 wlis agvistodan 1986 wlis

seqtembramde. is iyo motomsroleli batalionis Stabis ufrosi.

redaqtoris komentari: blokirebisa da wmendis sabWoTa taqtika avRaneTSi, gansxvavdeboda alyis Semortymis taqtikuri meTodologiisagan, romelic maT SeimuSaves CrdiloeT evropaSi omebisaTvis. maTi Cveuli meTodikis mixedviT, alyis Sida Zala akavebda mowinaaRmdeges, rodesac alyis gare Zala garedan utevda alyaSemortymul teritorias raTa daecva distancia datyvevebul Zalasa da mowinaaRmdegis gadasarCenad mosul Zalebs Soris. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac orive es

ruka 13: mowinaaRmdegis blokireba soflebSi da misi ganadgureba wmendis dros

Zala adgilze iyo, Zalebs ar gaaCndaT

sabWoTA jarebi iyofodnen da gulmodginebiT sakmarisi samxedro Zala gare layisaTvis da

anadgurebdnen alyaSi moqceul mowinaaRmdeges. rogorc Cans, sabWoTa mojahedebis iSviaTad axorcielebdnen Tavdasxmebs alyis gareTa rigebze, sakuTari datyvevebuli TanamebrZolebis gadasarCenad. Tanac Cveulebrivi sabWoTa meTodika SemuSavebuli iyo sabrZolo javSanmanqanebiT aRWurvili Zalebi alyaSi mosaqcevad. maTi sazrunavi ar iyo, Tu qveiTi jariskacebisagan Semdgari mcire jdufebi gaarRvevdnen alyas. avRaneTSi ki jari ZiriTadad qveiTad ibrZoda da Sesabamisad Tavs aRwevda sabWoTa alyas. sabWoTA Zalebi albaT ar aqcevdnen yuradRebas mSvidobian mosaxleobas da wmendas iwyebdnen saartilerio dabombviT. amis gamo adgilobrivi mosaxleoba ar emxroboda sabWoTA Zalebs. xSir SemTxvevaSi sabWoTA qmedebebi TiTqos gamiznulad iyo mimarTuli mSvidobiani mosaxleobis mkvlelobaze an soflebis teritoriiebdan gamodevnaze.

Tavi 2 ieriSi dasaxlebul adgilebsa da mTebSi am samxedro Teatris Taviseburebebma xSirad damokidebuli iyo meTaurisa da moiTxova sagangebo misi Stabis unarze,

wvrTvnebi dasaxlebul adgilebsa da mTebSi SetevisaTvis. warmateba SemoqmedebiTad midgomodnen normatiul moTxovnebs, rodesac saqme exeboda am gansakuTrebul adgilmdebareobas, organizaciuli da saStato ganrigis Tanaxmad gamoyofili jarebis marTvas, mimagrebulsa da mxardamWer qvedanayofebs, maT koordinirebul urTierTqmedebasa da mowinaaRmdegis Zlieri da susti wertilebis zustad gansazRvras. brZolis formirebaSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca cecxliT mxardaWeris adgilis gansazRvras sabrZolo ganwesSi da brZolaSi mis saTanado gamoyenebas. Cveulebriv, momzadebis xarisxs gansazRvravda SetevaSi gamoyenebuli jarebis wyoba, rac mojahedebma gaiTval;iswines TavianT TavdacvaSi da isic, iwyebdnen sabazo meTauri brZolaSi CarTavda moieriSe an afrenis adgilebidan. sabrZolo momagrebul danayofebsa da jgufebs Tu ara 36 . rogorc wesi, Tavdasxmebs banakebidan moqmedebebis zonidan Sori manZilis gamo gadaadgilebis organizeba Zalian mniSvnelovani gaxda.

36

moieriSe jgufi ewodeba oceulis an aseulis zomis davalebis mixedviT struqturebis an calkeuli saydreni punqtebis blokirebisa da

gamoyofil qvedanayofs, romelic droebiT aris Seqmnili, TavdasxmiTi moqmedebis dros mudmivi ganadgurebisTvis. moieriSe jgufi, Cveulebriv, Sedgeba motomsroleli Zalebisgan, inJinrebisa da metyviamfrqveveebisgan. moieriSe danayofi, Cveulebriv, batalionis zomisaa da hyavs javSansatanko nawili an pirdapiri damiznebis cecxlis artileria. (red)

Tavdasxma heratis ganapira mxareebSi maiori v.m. bogdaSkini37 1984 wlis Semodgomaze heratis provinciaSi situacia Zalze daZabuli iyo. partizanulma Zalebma, kapitan ismailis meTurobiT, miiRes gawvrTnili damxmare Zala da iaraRis axali partia iranisgan. maT wamoiwyes reidebi sabWoTa da avRanur avtokolonebze (konvoize) da marcvleulis elevatorebs. Polkis operatiuli jgufs, savele fostis nomriT (FPN)38 51883, nabrZanebi hqonda: me-2 motomsroleli batalionis saSualebiT (aseulis gamoklebiT) daeblokaT qalaq heratis samxreT nawili da mojahedebis dajgufebis nawili. ufro metic, me-2 motomsroleli batalionis (savele fostis nomriT FPN 83260) da me-3 motomsrolelTa batalionis (savele fostis nomriT FPN 851931) polkebis koordinirebiT gaenadgurebinaT mowinaaRmdege. am moqmedebebisTvis mzadeba ganxorcielda sabazo banakSi. yvela aseulis meTauri da maTze zemdgomi, agreTve, mimagrebuli aseulis meTaurebi koordinirebas axorcielebdnen raionis maketis mixedviT. mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebis kursi da ganadgurebis Tanmimdevrobac SemuSavda raionis maketiT. piradma Semadgenlobam, romelsac fizikurad unda gaenadgurebina mojahedebi, Caatares wvrTnebi mitovebul sofelSi, sadac isini ufro axlos gaecnen moieriSe jgufis SeniRbvis specifikas da SeiZines praqtikuli gamocdileba. oqtombris bolos Cemi aseuli (me-7 motomsroleli aseuli ) dainiSna savele fostis nomriT FPN-51883-is polkis operatiul jgufad, romelic dabanakda heratis ganapira teritoriaze. 4 noembris 4.00 saaTze Cveni qvedanayofebi gamoiZaxes qalaqSi. 05.40 saaTisTvis Cvenma Zalebma
37

da darytma miayenes

kuSka-Sindandis navTobsadens. isini emuqrebodnen heratis aerodromsa

v.m. bogdaSkini msaxurobda avRaneTis respublikaSi 1983 wlis ivnisidan 1985 da aseulis meTaurad motomsrolelTa

wlis ivnisamde, oceulis meTaurad

batalionSi. is dajildoebulia ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT.

38

savele safosto nomrebi (FPN) miakuTvnes diviziebs da umaRles Stabebs,

polkebsa da calkeul batalionebs, aseulebs. savele safosto nomrebis dagrovebam ganapiroba maTi klasifikacia. aq moxsniebuli savele safosto nomrebi, savaraudod exeba mexuTe motomsrolelTa diviziis 12-e, 101-e da 371-e motomsrolelTa polkebs (red.)

dablokes

qalaqis

aRmosavleTi

nawili.

aRmosavleT

mxare

ekava

qvedanayofs

savele fostis nomriT FPN83260-s, dasavleTi- savele fostis

nomriT FPN51931-s xolo samxreTi _ savele fostis nomriT FPN51883-s. 6 saaTze savele fostis nomriT FPN 51883 polkma saomar qmedebebSi CarTo Tavisi mTis motomsroleli batalioni 39, romelmac SeZlo mojahedebis jgufis daSla da misi alyaSi moqceva. miuxedavad amisa, sxva mojahedebma am batalions cecxli gauxsnes mcire kalibris iaraRidan, raketebiT, qvemexebiTa da naRmebiT. batalioni waawyda mojahedebis ,,cecxlis tomaras. 40 wuTis ganmavlobaSi batalionSi daRupulTa da daSavebulTa raodenobam 9-s miaRwia. amitom batalioni iZulebuli gaxda brZola SeeCerebina da Tavdacvaze gadasuliyo. polkma ubrZana Cems me-7 motomsrolel aseuls, rom samxreT blokis Cveni nawili gadagveca javSansatanko nawilisTvis da davZruliyaviT polkisken savele fostis nomriT FPN 51883. Cemi polkis meTauri gaxldaT podpolkovniki a.m. budeevi. man Cemi aseulis meTaurs, ufros leitenant s.n. bogrovs ubrZana qalaqis quCebiT win wavsuliyaviT, mojahedebis Zalebis dasanawevreblad. Cems motomsrolel aseuls hyavda 2 -240 da tanki, rogorc moieriSe jgufis nawili. xuTwuTiani saartilerio brZolis Semdeg, rvis naxevarze brZolaSi me-7 motomsroleli aseuli CaerTo. is 150-200 metriT miiwevda win, roca SeaCeres cecxlsasroli iaraRis masirebuli sroliT. tanksawinaaRmdego WurvebiTa da naRmebiT cecxlsasroli iaraRidan srola xorciledeboda axlo manZilidan - yurZnis xeivnidan da saTofeebidan, romlebic gamoWrili iyo alizisgan aSenebul kedelSi. erT-erTi Cveni jariskaci daWres. aseulis meTaurs ubrZanes brZolis Sewyveta da ukan daxeva. misi profesionaluri
39

mTis motomsrolelTa batalionma daicva

mudmivi

motomsroleli batalionis

organizaciuli da saStato ganrigis umetesi nawili, Tumca gaiara specialuri wvrTna da miiRo damatebiTi aRWurviloba mTaSi sabrZolo moqmedebebisTvis (red.).
40

-2 aris modernizebuli -1, romelic pirvelad 1967 wels gamoCnda. orive

aris muxluxebiani saxmeleTo sabrZolo manqana, romelsac SeuZlia ataros samkaciani ekipaJi da rvakaciani samxedro brigada. -1 aRWurvilia 73mm-iani qvemexiT, 7.62mm-iani tyviamfrqveviTa da tanksawinaaRmdego WurviT. -2ma Secvala 30mm-iani tyviamfrqvevi 73mm-iani qvemexiT iseve, rogorc sxvadasxva tanksawinaaRmdego QWurvi da sasroli danadgari. M-2-s, romelic eqsploataciaSi 1981 wels CauSves, aqvs ufro metad gazrdili samizne da 73mmiani qvemexis gaumjobesebuli amaRlebis kuTxe.

da

organizebuli

ukandaxevis

Semdeg

(msxverpli

aRar

iyo),

aseuli

dislocirebul iqna soflis ganapira mxareebSi. avRaneTis dazvervam gaavrcela Setyobineba, rom partizanuli ZalebSi iricxeboda daaxloebiT 800 kaci, romlebic moqmedebdnen axlomdebare teritoriaze (25 km2), magram warmodgena ar gvqonda ramden jariskacs mogvixdeboda maTTan pirispir dgoma. Cven gamoviZaxeT moieriSe aviacia41 da saartilerio cecxli alyaSemortymuli mojahedebis gasanadgureblad. Cvens mxardasaWerad diviziis artileriidan isroda sami saartilerio divizioni. aseulis meTaurma moiTxova ori TviTmavali haubica da kidev erTi tanki. man moTxovnil teqnikasTan erTad miiRo mesangreTa razmi da 75 kg feTqebadi nivTiereba. pirveli da meore oceulis meTaurebs (kapitani p.k roJkovi da leitenanti v.i nikitenko) ubrZanes gamoyofodnen aseulis flangs yurZnis xeivnidan da aefeTqebinaT alizis kedlebi. 50 ruseTis Ffederaciis Tavdacvis saministros mTavari saraketo da saartilerio sammarTvelo podpolkovnikma a.m. budeevma, polkis meTaurma, moiTxova ori BM-21 ,,gradis 122 mm-iani dazgis tyviamfrqvevi, raTa cecxli gaexsnaT aseulis meTauris moTxovnis Sesabamisad. sahaero brZolis Semdeg cecxli gaixsna BM-21-dan. imavdroulad, artileriis mxardasaWerad daiwyo 10wuTiani saartilerio momzadeba. aseuli win miiwevda ieriSiT damcavi cecxlis saSualebiT.

41

-25 (ssrk warmoebis reaqtiuli TviTmfrinavi e.w. -25, natos klasifikaciiT

FROG-FOOT

ruka 14. brZola gaZlierebuli motomsroleli aseulis daxmarebiT, romelic gamoiyeneboda rogorc moieriSe jgufi.

M-21-is pirdapirma zalpma mowinaaRmdeges didi zarali ar miayena msxverplis mxriv, Tumca moralurad mniSvnelovnad daaziana. aseuls 300 metri hqonda gavlili, roca mojahedebma cecxli gaxsnes. maTi cecxli iyo Zalian susti. aseulisa da oceulis meTaurebisgan niSanis miRebis Semdeg, ori TviTmavali 152 mm-iani haubicidan, ori tankidan da oTxi qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanidan () pirdapiri CamxSobi cecxli gaixsna mowinaaRmdegis mimarTulebiT. flangis oceulebma SeZles imave tempiT gagrZeleba, ra tempiTac centri moZraobda. isini TavianTi winsvlis Sesaxeb niSans iZleodnen sasignalo maSxalebis meSveobiT. moieriSe jgufma dartyma miayena danaRmul vels gzajvaredinTan. maT ganaRmes 7 naRmi da 250kg saaviacio Wurvi, romelic naRmis funqcias asrulebda. moieriSe qvedanayofma win waiwia 1.5 km-iT, rodesac soflidan Zlierma srolam SeaCera. isrodnen sarwyav arxebSi gakeTebuli Txrilebidan. tankebma da qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanam () CaaxSo mowinaaRmdegis cecxli. ieriSis dros aseulSi kidev ori kaci daiWra. mTlianobaSi aseulma Tavisi amocana Seasrula saaT-naxevarSi, sami daWrilis fasad. maT xelCarTul brZolaSi 7 mojahedi mokles. 11:30 saaTisTvis mowinaaRmdege partizanTa jgufi ganadgurda, Tumca 14:00 saaTze Cveni mcdeloba, gagvenadgurebina kidev erTi partizanuli jgufi, uSedegod damTavrda. mogvianebiT Cven kidev erTi uSedego mcdeloba gvqonda. gaRweva. frunzes akademiis komentari: am magaliTSi mowinaaRmdegis didi raodenoba iyo alyaSemortymuli, magram saomari Zala ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi maT gasanadgureblad. es iyo cudi dazvervis Sedegi, romelmac arasakmarisi informacia moipova mowinaaRmdegis Sesaxeb. aman gamoiwvia Zalebis nakleboba mowinaaRmdegis blokirebisas. miuxedavad amisa, dadebiT mxareebSi Sedioda qvedanayofebis xelaxali, swrafi koncentracia erTi mimarTulebidan meoreSi, sacecxle Zalis Zlieri gavlena mowinaaRmdegeze, aseulis Sesaferisi da drouli daxmareba da -21 cecxlis moxerxebuli gamoyeneba flangis oceulis moralis gasaZliereblad, rac Tavis mxriv, aZlierebda jariskacebisa da oficrebis brZolis suliskveTebas. redaqtoris komentari: meore msoflio omis dros sabWoTa kavSirma gamoiyena dazgiani tyviamfrqvevis sistema (saxelad katiuSa), rogorc daRamebasTan erTad, mojahedebma SeZles blokadidan

pirdapiri damiznebis sacecxle iaraRis sistema. avRaneTis omma aCvena, rom is kvlav moqmedi saSualebaa mowinaaRmdegis Sesaryevad. swrafi cecxlsasroli sazenito qvemexebic sakmaod efeqturi saxmeleTo iaraRia, iseve rogorc TviTmavali haubica, romelic gamoiyeneba pirdapiri damiznebis dros. magram, miuxedavad amisa, sacecxle Zala ar aris manevrirebisa da xelCarTuli brZolis srulad Semcvleli. avRaneTis omis dros, iseve rogorc SeerTebulma Statebma vietnamSi, sabWoTa kavSirma arCia gaezarda sacecxle Zalebi da saSualebebi imisaTvis, rom SeenarCunebina sabWoTa jaris sicocxlisunarianoba da aenazRaurebina qveiTi jarebis nakleboba. es iyo Zviri, gaurkveveli da, albaT, araefeqturi praqtika. meore msoflio omisgan gansxvavebiT, avRaneTSi, didi msxverplis miuxedevad, sabWoTa jari ar Cqarobs. mcire msxverplis gadadian Tavdacvaze da iTxoven sacecxle mxardaWeras. sabWoTa meTaurebi brZanebebs iZleodnen ara xarisxidan, aramed SesaZleblobebidan (an kavSiridan) gamomdinare. am wignSi moyvanili SemTxvevebi mogviTxroben kapitnebze, maiorebsa da vice-polkovnikebze, romlebic meTauroben batalionebs; ufros leitenantebsa da kapitnebze, romlebic meTauroben aseulebs; da kapitnebsa da leitenantebze, romlebic meTauroben oceulebs. am magaliTSi ufrosi leitenanti meTaurobs aseuls, romelsac hyavs kapitani, rogorc oceulis lideri. es kapitani SeiZleba yofiliyo oceulis meTauri, rac SesaZloa, misjili hqonda raime Secdomis gamo an is, SesaZlebelia, asrulebda Tavis Cveul samuSaos, radganac omis direqtiviT nebadarTuli iyo pirovnebas jarSi emuSava Tavis zemdgom poziciaze. ufro metic, is SesaZloa sul axali dawinaurebuli iyo. mSvidobianobis dros sabWoTa jarebis maRali wodebis oficrebisTvis ucxo ar iyo dabali wodebis oficrebis daqvemdebarebaSi muSaoba. sabWoTa moxeleebisTvis pozicia wodebaze mniSvnelovani iyo. amas gviCvenebs sabWoTa kavSiris samxedro xelfasis uwyisi, sadac oficris xelfass (damokidebuls mis Semdeg, isini

wodebaze) emateba sameTauro donis an damatebiTi valdebulebis xelfasi.

motomsroleli batalionis, rogorc sareido qvedanayofis, sabrZolo moqmedebebi maiori s.a. nikitini42 garda sabazo banakebisa da Cvulebrivi zonebisTvis usafrTxoebis organizebis ZiriTadi davalebebisa, danayofebisa da qvedanayofebis mier mopovebuli informaciis pasuxad, brZolaSi dasaxmareblad gamoiZaxes calkeuli usafrTxoebis batalionebic. 1985 wlis ivlisSi Cvenma sadazvervo danayofebma kunduzis provinciaSi SemosazRvres adgili, saidanac mowinaaRmdeges dagegmili hqonda 122mm-iani raketebiT daebomba Cveni diviziis Stabi da polkebis 43 sabazo banakebi. polkovnikma volobuevma, diviziis Stabis meTaurma, gadawyvita tankebiT SeiaraRebuli motomsroleli batalioni swrafad gadaeadgilebina mojahedTa sabazo banakSi, winaswar ganesazRvra ieriSis mitana, daertya artileriiT da xelSi Caegdo bombdamSenebi da gasaSvebi Wurvebis maragi.44 calkeuli usafrTxoebis batalionis Cemi aseulidan erT-erT oceuls unda uzrunveleyo sareido danayofis Stabis dacva da misi saorganizacio-saStato ganrigisa da aRWurvilobis tabelis gaadadgileba. im dros me gaxldiT kapitani da misiebis dros oceulze brZanebebis gacema mevaleboda. Cveni sareido danayofi Cvenive savele inJinrebis oceulis wyalobiT swrafad gadaadgildeboda im adgilisken, sadac ganTavsebuli iyo bombdamSenebis maragi. naxevari saaTis ganmavlobaSi, faqtobrivad, zaralis gareSe, Cven vipoveT da gavanadgureT bombebdamSenebis faruli sacavi da ramdenime

42

s.a. nikitini msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi

aseulis meTaurad calkeuli usafrTxoebis batalionSi 1985wels.

43

SesaZloa 201-e motomsrolelTa divizia (red) gasaSvebi Wurvi warmoadgens 122mm-ian raketas, romelsac isvrian -21

44

zalpuri cecxlis reaqtiuli sistemidan (), dazgiani tyviamfrqvevidan. miuxedevad winaaRmdegobisa, xelSi Caigdes ramodenime xelis tyviamfrqvevi -14, sasroli Wurvebis umetesoba warmoadgenda Cveulebriv raketebs, romelTac isvrian samfexa an wyvili gadajvardenebuli sadgamidan. is ar aris maRali sizustis iaraRi, magaram SeuZlia kargad daexmaros qvedanayofs, rodesac bombaven qalaqs, samxedro bazas an sxva samizne adgils (red.).

momzadebuli gamSvebi biliki. Cveni sabrZolo simtkice da moulodneloba uzrunvelyofda amocanis warmatebiT dasrulebas. amasobaSi, sareido gundis sadazvervo oceulma Segvatyobina, rom 40 tvirTmzidi aqlemisgan Semdgari qaravani, romelTac ramdenime cxenosani icavda, modioda zemo Caharaziadan qvemo Caharaziamde. polkovnikma volobuevma gadawyvita daekavebina amaRlebuli adgilebi, romlebic gadahyurebda gzas da cecxli gaexsna mowinaaRmdegisTvis am dafaruli simaRlidan. rodesac mojahedebi Cveni iaraRis samizne adgils mouaxlovdnen, Cven cecxli qaravnis Tavsa da boloSi gavxseniT. Cveni sabrZolo jgufi gzaze Cavida da xelSi Caigdo qaravnis dacva. rodesac teritoria davtoveT, meTauroba gavuwie zurgis razms, romelic ZiriTadi nawilis gasvlas uzrunvelyofda. rodesac Cemi javSantransportiorTa nawili teritorias tovebda, mezobeli simaRleebidan mojahedebma cecxli gagvixsnes msxvilkalibriani () mZime tyviamfrqvevidan da mcirekalibriani iaraRidan. tyviam Cveni sabrZolo dazvervis sapatrulo manqanis45 sawvavis avzi gaxvrita da cecxli gauCina. daRamebamde misi evakuacia SeuZlebeli iyo. Cemi sapatrulo manqanis damcavi cecxliT saremonto-saevakuacio danayofma sabolood SeZlo damwvari manqanis usafrTxo adgilas gadayvana.

45

sabrZolo dazvervis sapatrulo manqana () aris oTxsaburaviani javSniani

manqana, romelic piradapir gamoiyeneba dazvervisTvis. mas aqvs ori damxmare saburavi damatebiTi moZraobisTvis. misi saSualebiT SesaZlebelia 12.7mm-iani tyviamfrqvevis, 7.62mm-iani tyviamfrqvevis an orives erTad gadazidva. es satransporto saSualeba icavs ekipaJs mcire kalibris cecxsasroli iaraRisa da namsxvrevebisgan. ase rom. sawvavis avzi rogorc Cans, mZime tyviamfrqvevis tyviam gaxvrita.

ruka 15: motomsroleli batalionis - rogorc sareido qvedanayofis sabrZolo moqmedebebi frunzes akademiis komentari: arasakmaris yuradRebas mohyveba msxverpli. redaqtoris komentari: calkeuli sabWoTa usafrTxoebis batalionis Sesaxeb informacia iSviaTad Tu ibeWdeboda. am amonaridSi Cans, rom batalions evaleboda diviziis sameTauro punqtisa da sabrZolo uzrunvelyofis aRalis usafrTxoebis dacva. rukaze Cans, rom batalionidan, sul mcire, aseuli iyo CarTuli sameTauro punqtis usafrTxoebaSi, aseve, sam Sesasvlelsa da gasasvlel punqtebze brigadebi idgnen. es iyo rogorc swrafi reagirebis jgufi, ise rezervi. is ganTavsebuli iyo sabrZolo sadazvervo sapatrulo manqanaSi, romelic warmoadgens dajavSnul manqanas. es imas niSnavs, rom

aRniSnuli batalioni mudmiv motomsrolel batalionTan SedarebiT susti iyo. divizias hqonda ori asafreni moedani SveulmfrenebisTvis, rac yuradsaRebia, radgan divizias ar hyavda bevri saStato Sveulmfreni. es Sveulmfrenebi ufro materialuri daxmarebisTvis iyo gamoyofili, radganac divizias esaWiroeboda mniSvnelovani sahaero momarageba am regionSi. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi kapitani meTaurobs oceuls, romelic gagzavnes sareido qvedanayofTan erTad. am praqtikas xSirad mimarTavda ufrosi meTauroba da isini meTaurobdnen daqvemdebarebul danayofebs maSin, roca amocana SesaZloa gamxdariyo ufro gamomwvevi an ucnaurii.

ieriSi xadigais kanionze, iaraRisa da sabrZolo masalis faruli maragis xelSi Cagdeba46 1986 wlis martis dasawyisSi ,,specnazis (sabWoTa kavSiris specialuri daniSnulebis Zalebi) qvedanayofis meTaurma dazvervis agentebis gundisa da avRaneTis saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuris pesronalisgan miiRo informacia yandaRaris provinciaSi _ xadigaris kanionSi arsebuli iaraRisa da sabrZolo masalis faruli sacavis arsebobis Sesaxeb. am informaciis dasadastureblad qvedanayofis meTaurma ,,specnazis ori sadazvervo jgufi gagzavna. man saboloo, xelmisawvdomi informacia gaugzavna umaRles Stabs da moiTxova adrindeli am adgilis sahaero dazvevrva 47. informaciam miiRo daadastura ori Setyobinebebi. batalioni ufrosma meTaurobam

gadawyvetileba ieriSi mietana kanionze. motomsroleli calkeuli motomsroleli brigadidan 48, artileriis oceuli, Setevis aRniSnuli ,,specnazis" qvedanayofi, -8 tipis Sveulmfrenebis da i.g. -25 gusevs D-30 tipis haubicebiT aRWurvili 23-4, -s satanko -24 tipis TviTmfrinavi SeirCa eskadrilia, moieriSe daekisra

batalioni, sazenito TviTmavali danadgari eskadrilia leitenant

Sveulmfrenebis

gansaxorcieleblad. Turqistanis samxedro raionis Stabis meTaurs, generalsruli pasuxismgebloba moqmedebis gansaxorcieleblad. gegmis mixedviT, artileriis batalioniT gaZlierebul or motomsrolelTa batalions, unda daetovebinaT TavianTi sabazo banaki yandaRarSi da 85km-iani gza dawyebuliyo dabombavda kanionisken RamiT marSiT unda gaevloT. Seteva unda marts, 09.00 saaTze, rodesac avicia kanions. ,,specnazis qvedanayofi SveulmfrenebiT 1986 wlis 20

ganaxorcielebda sahaero Setevas oTx aseulze,Yromlebic ganlagebulni iyvnen mTebSi, kanionTan axlos. maTi amocana iqneboda ukandaxeuli
46

s.u piatakovi msaxurobda avRaneTis respublikaSi 1984 wlis martidan 1985 wlis

ivnisamde motomsroeleli batalionis meTauris TanaSemwed. is dajildovebulia ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT.

47

specdaniSnulebis Zalebis batalionma jari Seiyvana yandaRaris aerodromze

(red.).
48

70-e calkeuli motomsroleli batalionis brigadam jarebi Seiyvana yandaRarSi.

mojahedebisTvis

gzis

gadaketva,

sahaero

da

saartilerio

cecxlis

gamoZaxeba da gamoyeneba. 4-6 TviTmfrinavisagan Semdgarma salaSqro-saaviacio jgufma daiwyo ieriSi da kanionis mindvrebisa da axlomdebare soflebis dabombva, sadac Tavs afarebdnen mojahedebi. 8:00 sT-ze ,,specnazis" 4 sadazvervo jgufi 49 gadasxda mTis mwvervalebze da daikava momgebiani poziciebi, saidanac SeeZloT eTvalTvalaT da gza moeWraT gaqceuli mojahedebisTvis.

49

specdaniSnulebis iyvnen

Zalebis

TiToeuli

jgufi

Sedgeboda avtomaturi

16

kacisgan.

isini

SeiraRebulni

avtomaturi

dazgiani

yumbarsatyorcniT,

kalaSnikovis tipis ori avtomaturi iaraRiT, dragunovis snaiperis SaSxaniT ( ) da sxvadasxva cecxlsasroli iaraRiT.

ruka 16: ieriSi xadigaris kanionze saartilerio divizioniT gaZlierebuli 2 motomsroleli batalionis moieriSe jgufma warmatebiT daasrula gzisTvis gverdis avliT RamiT gadasvla (maT miwaSi CamontaJebuli naRmebis gamo gzas gverdi auqcies). isini Seikribnen kanionSi Sesvlamde, 20 martis 08;00 saaTze. artileriis mzadeba grZeldeboda mxolod 20 wuTi, Tumca saartilerio cecxls win uZRoda samsaaTiani sahaero Setakebebi, ris Sedegadac mowinaaRmdegis SeiaraReba ganadgurda an mniSvlelovnad Sesustda. qveiTi nawilebis Setakebisas maT daexmara qveiTTa sabrZolo manqana () da sazenito TviTmavali danadgari ( 23-4)-is pirdapiri cecxli. sabrZolo formirebas hyavda ori eSeloni, TiTo qveiTTa sabrZolo manqaniT

TiToeul

eSelonze.

am

manqanebSi

myofi

,,specnazis

aseuli

warmoadgenda rezervs. radgan motomsrolelTa qvedanayofebi flobdnen Zalasa da siCqares, maT swrafad gawmindes kanioni, ise, rom aranairi winaaRmdegoba ar SexvedriaT. ieriSis dasawyisSi, 5-6 kacisagan Semdgari mojahedebis jgufi Seecada kanionidan gaqcevas bilikebiT, magram maT gza gadauWres ,,specnazelebma da Cacxriles Casafrebis adgilebSive an gamoiZaxes moieriSe Sveulfrenebi da bombdamSeni dazverva TviTmfrinavebi TvalTvals maT da gasanadgureblad. sahaero ganagrZobda

anadgurebda axlad aRmoCenil samizneebs. ieriSi xadigaris kanionze dasrulda 20 martis 12;00 saaTze. Cven movkaliT 20 mojahedi da gavanadgureT 4 msxvilkalibriani ( ) mZime tyviamfrqvevi, erTi naRmsatyorcni da ori saieriSo SaSxana. aseve, 20 sxvadsxva tipis mcirekalibriani iaraRi, didi raodenobiT yumbarebi, partizanebis dokumentebi da sabrZolo aRWurviloba. sabWoTa mxares msxverpli ar hyolia. frunzes warmatebiT da yvela akademiis Catarda. saxis komentari: mTlianobaSi, es ,,operacia mainc ar

miuxedavad

amisa,

gakvirveba

gamouwvevia. amiT imis Tqma minda, rom gazrdili Zalebis moqmedebiT dazvervis moulodneli gamoCeniT mowinaaRmdeges SesaZlebloba mieca mimxvdariyo winaswar Setevis dawyebis drosa da mimarTulebas. meores mxriv, avRaneTSi brZolis praqtika gviCvenebs, rom Semcirebuli moqmedi (gamoyenebuli) dazvervis Zalebis raodenobam Seamcira Setevis efeqturoba, SesaZlebloba Seasusta misca cecxliT uzrunvelyofa, mTebSi ieriSis mowinaaRmdeges gaqceuliyo

dasawyisiSive da gamoiwvia ramdenime damcavi Zalis Seqmna. xadigaris kanionze warmateba mniSvnelovnad ganapiroba ufrosi meTaurobis mier arCeulma gzam da winamZRolobam, sadac Sedioda yvela saxis saWiro samsaxuri. msgavsi operaciebis Catarebisas mniSvnelovania maqsimaluri moulodneloba. amis misaRwevad saWiroa ,,diversiuli/satyuara qmedebebis ganxorcileba, saWiro zomebis miReba moqmedebebis SesaniRbad da mowinaaRmdegis motyueba. erTi sityviT, davalebis Sesrulebisas unda gamoiCino SemoqmedebiTi midgoma. redaqtoris komentari: am amonaridSi mravalbatalionian bloks meTaurobs Turqistanis samxedro regionis Stabis xelmZRvaneli. general-

leitenanati gusevi ar CarTes me-40 armiis sameTauro instanciebSi, magram mas SeeZlo brZolaSi CaerTo sameTauro jgufi, romelis SesaZleblobaSic Sedioda yvelanairi aviaciis gakontroleba, rac saWiro iyo avRaneTis seqtorSi (romelic me-40 armiis sameTauro punqtidan sakmaod moSorebiT mdebareobda). es ar iyo sazogadod miRebuli, magram rogorc Cans, aman gaamarTla. es niSnavs imas, rom xelmZRvanelobas xSirad ar hqonda Tavisi daqvemdebarebulebis imedi, rom isini saqmes sworad Seasrulebdnen. ufro cinikuria, magram am praqtikam SesaZlebloba misca ufros xelmZRvanel pirebs, moepovebinaT medlebi brZolaSi maSin, roca usafrTxod isxdnen javSanmanqanaSi da Tavidan icilebdnen avRaneTSi dakisrebul mosawyen movaleobas, Tan simboloebiT. am amonaridSi aseve kargad Cans specdaniSnulebis Zalebis gamoyenebis taqtika. aSS-s specdaniSnulebis Zalebisa da britaneTis specialuri saaviacio samsaxurisgan roca TviTmfrinavidan gasnxavebiT, avRaneTSi specnazi magram javSantransportiori ganTavsebuli iyo piradi Semadgenlobis javSantransportoiorSi, gadmosxdebodnen, mkerds imSvenebdnen didebis

funqcionirebda, rogorc ,,javSanjgufi. amiT ufro moqnili xdeboda AmaTi gamoyeneba da ufro meti manevrirebis saSualeba eZleodaT. samsaaTiani sahaero brZola ar aris kargi saSualeba imisTvis, rom gakvirveba gamoiwvios. sabWoTa Zalebma, rogorc Cans, moqmedebebSi CarTes zurgis razmi da arainformirebuli pirebi. manZili da mimarTuleba am rukaze aris araswori. spinboldaki yandaRaridan daaxloebiT 70 km-is daSorebiT mdebareobs.

sahaero-sadesanto batalioni xelSi igdebs satukandavis uReltexils vice-polkovnik a.n. SiSkovis50 mixedviT 1987 wlis Semodgomaze meamboxeebma gaibrZoles avRaneTis mTavrobisa da sabWoTa jarebis winaaRmdeg da praqtikulad dablokes xostis raioni. maT gadaWres sakomunikacio xazebi da SezRudes Cveni ZalebisTvis iaraRiT, samxedro aRWurvilobiTa da sakvebiT momarageba. umaRlesma sardlobam gadawyvita Caetarebina operacia ,,magistrali armiis ramdenime diviziisa da polkis TanxlebiT. ZiriTadi mizani iyo qabuligardezi-xostis magistralze arsebuli partizanuli Zalebis ganadgureba. Semdegi operacia naRmebisgan gaasufTavdebda aRniSnul magistrals, uzrunvelyofda ra materialuri rezervis Seqmnas da xostis raionSi arsebuli samTavrobo Zalebis materialuri saSualebebiT momaragebas. operaciis dawyebamde avRaneTis mTavroba Seecada gadaeWra problema, romelic exeboda raionSi sakmarisi sakvebisa da sxva resursebis darigebas mSvidobiani gzebiT, yovelgvari SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis gareSe. miuxedevad amisa, patkias provinciis savele meTaurma mavlavi jalaludin haganim isargebla drois faqtoriT, gazarda Tavisi partizanuli Zalebi da sabolood uari Tqva SeTavazebaze. provinciaSi blokirebis maT gadawyvites ufleba sabWoTa ar da is samTavrobo ZalebisTvis ZiriTadi Sesvlis miecaT.

mowinaaRmdegis praqtikulad

saSualebas da xosts

warmoadgenda Soris.

partizanuli Zalebi, romlebic Tavmoyrili iyo satukandavis uReltexilze. is erTaderTi gzaa gardezsa operaciis aRniSnul dasawyisisTvis daaxloebiT 15000 mojahedi moqmedebda

teritoriaze. gardezidan 30km-Si mdebare satukandavis uReltexili dasavlur presaSi moxseniebulia rogorc ,,SeuRwevadi cixe-simagre, romelezec rusebi kisers waitexdnen.

50

a.n. niSkovi msaxurobda avRaneTis respublikaSi 1986 wlis Tebervlidan 1988

wlis ivnisamde sahaero-sadesanto diviziis operaciebis ganyofilebis meTauris ufrosi TanaSemwis Tanamdebobaze. is dajildovebulia ,,wiTeli droSis ordeniT, ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT da mesame xarisxis ordeniT ,,SeiaraRebul ZalebSi gaweuli samsaxurisTvis.

operacia divizias51,
53

moicavda

motomsrolel polks5248,

divizias, calkeul

sahaero-sadesanto saavacio-sadesanto

cakleul

motomsrolel

polks , me-40 armiis specaluri Zalebisa da ganyofilebebis sxvadasxva qvedanayofs da polkebs, agreTve, avRaneTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis polkebs. operacias meTaurobda general-leitenanti b.v. gromovi, me-40 armiis meTauri.

51

faqtobrivad, orive, 201-e da 108-e motomsroleli divizia monawileobda

operaciaSi, magram, radganac arc erT maTgans ar SeeZlo gadaeadgilebina mTliani divizia da droebiT daetovebina Tavisi sabazo banakebi da poziciebi, romlebsac icavdnen, maT Camoayalibes Sereuli divizia 201-e Stabis daqvemdebarebaSi. saaviacio-sadezanto divizia warmoadgenda 103-e sahaerosadesanto divizias. generali gromovi, 30 dekembris ,,krasnaia zvezdas(,,wiTeli varskvlavi) statiaSi iZleva sabWoTa SenaerTebis CamonaTvals, romlebic monawilebdnen magistralSi: 108-e da 201-e motomsroleli divizia, 103-e sahaero-sadesanto divizia, 56-e calkeuli sahaero moieriSe brigada, 354-e calkeuli sahaero-sadesanto polki da sxva danayofebi da qvedanayofebi. is agreTve iZleva AavRaneTis samTavrobo danayofebis Semdeg CamonaTvals: me-8, me-11, me-12, me-14 da 25-e qveiTi jaris divizia, me-15 satanko brigada da specialuri Zalebis ramdenime qvedanayofi (red).
52

an 860-e an 191-e calkeuli motomsroleli polki, ufro savaraudoa, rom 191-e.

generali gromovi ar iZlva CamonaTvals nomrebis mixedviT, savaraudod misi cudi Sesrulebis gamo (red).
53

105-e saguSago sahaero-sadesanto diviziis 345-e calkeuli sahaero-sadesanto

polkis nawilma dakava avRaneTi da dasustebasTan erTad, sabolood SeuerTda 345-e calkeul sahaero-sadesanto polks (red).

ruka17: satukandavis uReltexilis xelSi Cagdeba

garnizonis wvrTnebis54 garda, Cveulebrivi 12-dRiani wvrTnis mixedviT, polkebma da qvedanayofebma gaagrZeles sabrZolo damatebiTi momzadeba mas Semdeg, rac maT datoves TavianTi sabazo banakebi da Tavi moiyares qalaq gardezis raionSi 1897 wlis 21 noembers. Cven ganvixileT ramdenime gegma, romelic exeboda satukandavis uReltexilis xelSi Cagdebas da Semdeg Cveni sabrZolo upiratesobis gafarToebas patkias provinciaSi, ZiriTadi gzatkecilis gaswvriv. Cven yoveldRiurad vzrdidiT Cvens marags da vagrovebdiT sabrZolo aRWurvilobasa da sxva saWiro masalas im teritoriaze, sadac Cven davabanakeT Cveni diviziebi da polkebi. diviziebisa da polkebis sameTauro punqtebi, armiisa da diviziis saartilerio dajgufebebi ganalages da gamagrebulebi iyvnen 21-dan 27 noembramde. yvela polkisa da qvedanayofis noembers, meTaurma daiwyo teritoriis safuZvliani Semdeg, dazverva. me40 28 warumatebeli molaparakebebis armiis

diviziebma da polkebma, aseve avRaneTis polkebma daiwyes Seteva. generalma gromovma gadawyvita ganesazRvra mowinaaRmdegis saomari aRWurvilobis medesantis adgilmdebareoba fituli gadmosxa (gansakuTrebiT, miwaze. sahaero Tavdacvis). cecxli amgvarad, man SeniRba sahaero-sadesanto daSveba da 20 paraSutistmowinaaRmdegem gauxsna ,,paraSutist-medesenateebs, ramac saSualeba misca artileriis dazvervas sworad ganesazRvra mowinaaRmdegis sayrdeni wertilebi da cecxlis gaxsnis adgilebi. amis Semdeg armiisa da frontis aviaciam ieriSi miitana 29 maT poziciebze. sahaero Setakebebs mohyva 4-saaTiani calkeul saartilerio cecxlis talRa. noembers, xanmokle saartilerio mzadebis Semdeg, motomsroleTa polkma (batalionis gamoklebiT) daiwyo mTaze asvla Txemis gaswvriv sameTauro punqtebis xelSi Casagdebad. Txemis dakavebis
54

sabWoTa kavSiris armiaSi teqnikuri mxardaWera, dacva, samuSao detalebi da

gansakuTrebuli proeqtebi yovelTvis amcirebdnen wvrTnebisTvis gansazRvruls dros. armia wvrTnida im adamianebs, romlebic ar iynen ganrigSi. sabolood, mainc gairkva, rom es iwvevda uTanabrobas Zalebis mzadyofnaSi. amitom, maT SeimuSaves programa, romlis mixedviTac polkebi da batalionebi waiyvandnen diviziisTvis razmsa da gvardias samorigeo bazaze da Semdeg gaivlidnen 12-dRian wvrTnebs, romlis ganmavlobaSic isini ar iqnebodnen saguSagoze, banaksa da saguSago razmebSi. es viTareba grZeldeboda saomari moqmedebebis zonaSic ki. (red)

Semdeg unda CamoeyalibebinaT Zlieri saguSago Zala aRmosavleTiT da ar daeSvaT mowinaaRmdegis qvedanayofebs rezervi satukandavas uReltexilze CrdiloZlieri cecxliT gauwia aRmosavleTidan (paraCinaris frontidan). mowinaaRmdegem winaaRmdegoba. polkis meTauris gaubedaobam da zedmetma sifrTxilem polki operaciis sawyis etapze Camoiyvana. 29-30 noembris Rames mojahedebma isargebles meTauris icnobda SecdomebiT teriotorias da da Seuties kargadac mis iyo motomsroleTa batalions ramdenime mimarTulebidan. mowinaaRmdege kargad momaragebuli pirveli klasis iaraRebiTa da samxedro aRWurvilobiT, rasac polkSi didi msxverpli mohyva. polkma warumatebloba ganicada ramdenime mizezis gamo. pirvel rigSi, maT. polkis meorec, sameTauro ar punqtebi polkis mdebareobda mewinave qvedanayofebidan punqti. saWiro da sakmaod Sor manZilze, saidanac uSualo xelmZRvanelobas ver gauwevda arsebobda saTvalTvalo masalis mesamec, araskmarisi meTaurma rezrevi). arasworad meoTxec, daTvala sabrZolo

raodenoba (da brZolis meore dRes personals aRmoaCnda aRWurvilobis brZola mimdinareobda ieriSi pasiurad gaubedavad da polkis meTaurobam Seqmnili viTareba ver gamoaswora. generalma gadawyvita gaegrZelebina mowinaaRmdegis poziciebze avRaneTis Zalebis qvedanayofebis sahaero-sadesanto diiviziis qvedanayofebTan erTad. Sedegad, 1 dekembers, sahaero-sadesanto polkis pirveli sahaero-sadesanto batalioni da avRaneTis ,,komandosis (sadivizio-sadesanto razmi) batalioni polkis sameTauro punqtTan. sahaero-sadesanto batalionis meTaurma, maiorma v.n petrovma da avRaneTis ,,komandos batalionis meTaurma safuZvlianad Seiswavles arsebuli viTareba da SeaTanxmes TavianTi qmdebebi, Semdeg ieriSi daiwyes mTavar punqtebze. orma sahaero-sadesanto aseulma aiRo axlomdebare sameTauro punqtebi. maT am TavSesafridan moieriSeebs daxmareba gauwies 2 moieriSe jgufiT. Seteva SeaCera mowinaaRmdegis naRmsatyorcnma da msxvilkalibriani () mZime tyviamfrqvevidan gaxsnilma cecxlma, sanam sahaero-sadesanto batalionis meTaurma ar gamoiZaxa diviziis saartilerio jgufis cecxli mowinaaRmdegis sabrZolo poziciebsa da sacecxle xazebze. Seikribnen calkeul motomsrolelTa

imavdroulad, ori sahaero-sadazvervo Tavdasxmis jgufis moulodnelma Camosvlam mTavar mwvervalze gaakvirva mojahedebi da maT daiwyes TavianTi poziciebis datoveba. batalionis meTaurma mouwoda artilerias cecxliT SeeRwia mowinaaRmdegis siRrmeebSi, umTavresad mwvervalis sarezervo flangsa da zurgze, saidanac mowinaaRmdegis rezervi Sevidoda brZolaSi. maiorma meTaurs gaegrZelebina petrovma arsebuli situacia uReltexilis da da gadawyvetileba teritoriaze, ufros brZola daertya rom da moaxsena. man gadawyvita mowinaaRmdegesTan zurgidan imisaTvis,

satukandavis

mowinaaRmdegisTvis gaekontrolebina uReltexili. artileriis ,,komandos avRaneTis dakarges momzadebis batalionma Zalebis iniciativa.

flangidan Semdeg daiwyo

pirvelma Seteva

sahaero-sadesanto

satukandavis mwvervalze. batalioni da

uReltexilze.

mowinaaRmdege ar moeloda gadamwyvet brZolas da sabWoTa da gamoCenas maTi cecxlis mTavar gaiqca. TanxlebiT mojahedebma miiwevda win, nawili

samxreTisken,

artileriis

mowinaaRmdeges Zalebma ar

amosunTqvis saSualebas ar aZlevda. satukandavis uReltexilis damcvelma partizanulma icodnen sabWoTa da avRanuri Zalebis zusti raodenoba, romlebic maT flangsa da zurgs uaxlovdebodnen. maT daiwyes swrafi ukan daxeva da iaraRi da aRWurviloba samizne poziciebze datoves. uReltexilidan gaqceul, panikaSi myof mowinaRmdegeze upiratesobis mopovebiT pirvelma sahaero-sadesanto batalionma xelT igdo uReltexili da avRanuri Zalebis meSveobiT gamagrda dacul xazze. am gadamwveti da gabeduli brZoliT xelSi Caigdes ZiriTadi TavdacviTi kvanZi, romlemac daamtkica, rom satukandavis uReltexili mowinaaRmdegisTvis sasicocxlo TavdacviTi sistema iyo. frunzes akademiis komentari: operacia ,,magistralis (1987 wlis sawyis etapze brZolis analizs Semdeg

noember-dekemberi)

daskvnebamde mivyavarT; 1 situaciis srulyofili codna, uwyveti analizi, simtkice, iniciativa da gambedaoba warmoadgens warmatebuli da informirebuli amocanis ganxorcielebisTvis brZolis safuZvels.

Zalebis moxerxebuli ganlageba mTebSi Setevis dros, frTxili koordinacia saerTo-sajariso Zalebis qvedanayofebs Soris da artileriis cecxlis uwyveti mxardaWera bunebrivi yveleze mniSvnelovani safexuria swori iZleva amgvari operaciebis warmatebaSi.

mTebis mudmiv

damcavi

maxasiaTeblebis saSualebas

gamoyeneba ganxorciledes

dazvervasTan

erTad

amocana msxverplis minimaluri raodenobiT. 4 mudmivad cvalebad pirobebSi, mTis SetevaSi warmateba moiTxovs jarebis ganuwyvetel kontrols. redaqtoris komentari: sadesanto-saaviacio fitulebis gadasxma iyo Cinebuli xriki mowinaaRmdegis sacecxle poziciebis aRmosaCenad. operacia ,,magistrali warmoadgenda brZolaSi yvelaze did operacias da sabolood igi moicavda bevr sahaero brZolas, Setakebebs sxvadasxva mimarTulebebze da xostis alyis warmatebul moxsnas. am magaliTSi operaciam ,,magistrali masiurad gamoiyena armiis saartilerio da diviziis saartilerio dajgufebebis cecxli 4-saaTiani saartilerio momzadebisTvis satukandovis uReltexilTvis brZolaSi. misi mizani iyo, sahaero gziTa da artileriiT teritoriis sruli ganadgureba, rac sabWoTa artileriis normebSi sruliad ar jdeba. am farTo saartilerio momzadebam mainc ar gamoiRo Sedegi, iseve rogorc ,,magistralma. ZviradRirebuli operaciis (,,magistralis) Semdeg mojahedebma kidev erTxel Caigdes xelSi xosti da Semoartyes alya (ucvleli mdgomareoba 1981 wlidan).

Sturmis mitana sofel spinakalaCaze podpolkovnik v.d. vlasianis mixedviT55 1987 wlis 21-26 dekembers mowinaaRmdegis Zalebma daarbies ramdenime avRaneTis saguSago respublikis damanis armiis regionSi, jarebis romelic eqvemdebareboda Sedegad, korpuss 56.

mowinaaRmdegem daiwyo jarebisa da iaraRis Tavisuflad gadaadgileba yandaaris regionSi. gancalkevebuli sabWoTa motomsroleli brigadis orma batalionma ver SeZlo mdgomareobis gamosworeba 57. 27 dekembers, 20:00 saaTze Cveni diviziis meTaurma, generalmaiorma uCkinma, gamomiZaxa da momca brZanebebi. im droisaTvis me gaxldiT maiori da vmeTaurobdi motomsrolel batalions. man mibrZana Cemi batalionis wayvana 500 km-ian gzaze yandaRarisken 58. Cemi batalioni 31 dekembris dilas spinakalaCas regionSi Sevida, sadac saomari moqmedebebi mimdinareobda. me unda damebloka sofeli spinaklaCa momaragebis mTavari bazebisgan da Semeqmna iseTi mdgomareoba, rac motomsrolelTa brigadas dakarguli poziciebis dabrunebis saSualebas miscemda. vemzadebodiT ra wasasvlelad da brZolaSi CasarTavad,

damatebiT waviReT sabrZolo aRWurviloba, wyali, sawvavi da sursaTi, Tan waviyvaneT damxmare Zalebi. 29 dekembris 04:00 saaTze Cemi batalioni daiZra amocanis Sesasruleblad. 30 dekembris 16:00 saaTze Cven SevediT yandaRarSi, sadac damxvda general-maiori r.k. piSCevi, me-40 armiis meTauris TanaSemwe. man specialuri brZanebebi momca. Cven unda SevsuliyaviT saomari moqmedebebis regionSi 31 dekembers, 11:00 saaTze, migvetana ieriSi da agveRo
55

sofeli

spinakalaCa

15:00

sT-Tvis.

Semdeg

blokadaSi

unda

v.d. vlasiani msaxurobda avRaneTis respublikaSi 1986 wlis oqtombridan 1988

wlis ivnisamde, Tavidan _ rogorc meTauris TanaSemwe da Semdeg _ rogorc motomsroleli batalionis meTauri. is dajildoebulia ,,wiTeli droSisa da ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT.
56

avRaneTis meore armiis korpusis Stabi mdebaroebda yandaRarSi (red.). 70-e calkeuli motomsroleli brigada (red.). batalioni SesaZloa yofiliyo me-5 motomsroleli diviziidan, Tu modioda dasavleT

57

58

avRaneTidan (Sinardis regioni) an 108-e motomsroleli diviziidan, Tu modioda aRmosavleT avRaneTidan (qabulis regioni) (red).

mogveqcia kanioni da dagvekavebina 1988 wlis 7 ianvramde. amasobaSi, avRaneTis polki59 regions gaamagrebda da pasuxismgeblobas aiRebda Cemi me-2 motomsrolelTa brigadis mier dacul teritorize. 11:00 saaTze Cemi batalioni gzas gaudga. mas flangSi sabrZolo patruli edga. roca SevediT regionSi, Cven CaverTeT brZolaSi, ris Sedegadac mogvikles 2 12:20 dan 12:40 da dagviWres 3 jariskaci. 12:10 saaTisTvis vaxorcielebdiT sameTauro dazvervas.

Sevkribe Cemi batalioni spinakalaCas samxreTiT, 1,5 km-is moSorebiT. saaTamde saboloodAMCovayalibe Cemi gegmebi moieriSe jgufebisTvis da davasrule sahaero da saartilerio koordinacia. 12:40 saaTze Cemi gegmebis Sesaxeb Sevatyobine ufros meTaurs.

59

avRaneTis armias hqonda brigadisa da polkis

struqtura. es polki iyo an

avRaneTis me-7 motomsroleli diviziidan an yandaRarSi ganlagebuli me-15 motomsroleli diviziidan. (red)

ruka 18. sofel spinakalaCas SturmiT aReba, 1987 wlis 31 dekemberi. aTi wuTis Semdeg Cemma sadazvervo oceulma dasavleTidan daiwyo mTagrexilze asvla sameTauro punqtSi, kanionisa da sofel spinaklaCas misasvlelebTan ganlagebuli mowinaaRmdegis saguSagoebis gasanadgureblad. ieriSis dros, sadazvervo patrulma aRmoaCina Wurvebis faruli sacavi 150 WurviTa da Wurvis gamSvebi danadgariT. patrulma gamarTa napovni flangi. aRWurviloba 13:20 saaTze asfeTqeblad, patrulma Semdeg ieriSi win gauZRva da batalions mTisken, sadac SeeZloT gaemagrebinaT moieriSe qvedanayofis marcxena miitana gaanadgura

mowinaaRmdegis CemTan.

saguSagoebi

da

saimedo

komunikacia

daamyara

13:20 saaTze me niSani miveci saartilerio mzadebis dawyebis Sesaxeb. 152 mm-iani TviTmavali haubicis batalionma, calkeuli 122 mmiani haubicis batalionma da dazgiani tyviamfrqvevis sitemis ( ) batalionma monawileoba miiRo 10-wuTian saartilerio momzadebaSi, rasac maSinve mohyva dabombva da srolebi -25 moieriSe bombdamSeni TviTmrinavidan. 13:35 saaTze Cemi motomsroleli aseuli daiZra Tavdasxmis punqtisken soflidan daaxloebiT 250 metris daSorebiT. mas meTurobda kapitani b.m. mikulski. me-5 motomsroleTa aseuli Camoyalibda rogorc #1 moireiSe jgufi, sadac Sedioda 46 kaci. maT Soris iyo mesangreTa aTeuli da qveiTi jaris 8 sabrZolo manqana (-2). me am aseuls davumate erTi tanki icavda naRmsatyorcniT snaiperTa da avRaneli qveiTi jaris aseuli 40 kacis oceuli, SemadgenlobiT. roca me-5 motomsrolelTa aseuli daiZra, maT gaadgilebas aTeuli, cecxlsatyorcni iaraRiT aRWurvili avtomaturi dazgiani yumbarsatyorcnis ( -17) oceuli da naRmsatyorcni batareebiT. 13:40 saaTze Cems dazgiani tyviamfrqvevis sistemis batalions gavaSvebine kvamlis safari, rom mowinaaRmdeges araferi daenaxa. 13:40 saaTze Cemma qvedanayofebma ieriSi miitanes spinakalaCaze, sadac Zlieri winaaRmdegoba gagviwies marjvena flangze. avRanelTa armiis aseulma ukan daixia. isini ukan veRar davabrune da amis Semdeg amocanis dasrulebaSi wvlili aRar SeutaniaT. mowinaaRmdegem Zalebi daZra marcxena flangisken, raTa cecxli gaexsna me-5 motomsroleTa aseulisTvis. cota xniT Tavi SevafareT soflis alizis agurisgan aSenebul kedlebs, Semdeg Cemma gakeTeba, saidanac jarma SeZlo kedlebSi gasaZromi xvrelebis gavida sam-sam jgufad. Cemi me-5 oceuli

motomsroleTa aseuli idga mowinaaRmdegis mTavari Zalis pirispir. 13:55 saaTze Cemma me-4 motosmrolelma aseulma (moieriSe jgufi #2) Seutia batalionis marcxena flangs. meoTxe motomsroleTa aseulma, kapitan u.a Salkinis meTaurobiT, gaarRvia mowinaaRmdegis dacva da gaanadgura Zalebi, romlebic icavdnen kanionis Sesavlels. misma erTerTma oceulma moaxerxa mowinaaRmdegisTvis zurgSi darytma, romelic exmareboda mexeTu motomsroleli aseuls. kidev orma motomsrolelma aseulma xelSi Caigdo soflis dasavleTi, ganapira mxare da moaqcia

blokadaSi. 15:00 saaTze am oceulebs Setakeba mouxdaT mojahedebTan, romlebic ukan ixevdnen mTebSi. 16:00 mwvane saaTisTvis zonidan me-5 motomsrolelma blokadaSi aseulma daasrula mowinaaRmdegis ganadgureba soflis aRmosavleT nawilSi da mezobeli Sesasvleli moaqcia. gadarCenilma mowinaaRmdegem ,,mwvane zonaSi" gaqceva moaxerxa. 18:00 saaTze organizacia gavuwie spinakalaCas dacvas da cecxliT davexmare avRaneTis qveiTi jaris polks, romelmac ieriSi miitana CrdiloeTze, grakalaCas samxreT ferdobis60 xelSi Casagdebad. frunzes akademiis komentari: am sofelSi ieriSisas brZolis

organizebis analizi gviCvenebs: pirvel rigSi, batalionis sruliad warmatebuli laSqroba da koncentracia axlo yandaRarSi SesaZlebeli iyo marSisa da Semdgomi brZolisTvis safuZvliani da sruli momzadebis SemTxvevaSi. meore, dros. mesame, batalionis meTauris qmedebebi imsaxurebs gansakuTrebiT maSin,N roca man da koordinacia miRebuli yuradRebas, saomar Semdeg _ gauwia Sedegebi wina brZolis gamocdileba qvedanayofis meTaurebs SesaZleblobas aZlevda sworad gamoeyenebinaT iniciativa sofelSi brZolis

moqmedebebs da Caatara piradi dazverva, uzrunvelyo saWiro cecxli mowinaaRmdegis gasanadgureblad mtkiced gamaoiyena Tavisi qvdanayofis ieriSisaTvis. da bolos, Sesaswavlia batalionis meTauris sainterso manevrireba sadazvervo oceulis damxmare cecxli mowinaaRmdegeze sameTauro punqtebze, danayofebis brZolebi. ieriSisas

snaiperebisa da portatuli cecxlsatyorcni iaraRis

gonivruli gamoyeneba da sofelze Setevisas oceulis sami da xuTkaciani

60

misi rukis mixedviT, me-7 qveiTi jaris polki.

motomsroleli batalionis ieriSi RamiT andarabis kanionis mTebSi maior v.g. tarasiukis mixedviT61 1988 wlis Tebervlis bolos Cemi polki qabulis gavliT dabrunda sabazo banakSi, kunduzSi62, warmatebuli operaciidan ,,magistrali xostSi gzis gaxsna). mas Semdeg, rac molaparakebebi gavmarTeT salangis gvirabis Sesaxeb, diviziis meTaurma andarabas kanionSi gaCerebis brZaneba misca Cvens polks. brZanebis miRebisTanave, Cven mogvivida mniSvnelovani informacia: zustad 24 saaTiT adre, andarabis kanionSi mojahedebma gaitaces baRlanis provinciis gubernatori da usafrTxoebis Zalebis meTauri. Cveni polkis meTaurma, podpolkovnikma v.v. telicinma miiRo avRaneTis samTavrobo Zalebis mier kontrolilebadi regionis sazRvrisken daZvris brZaneba, Semdeg mowinaaRmdegis Zalebi unda daebomba da gaeTavisuflebina provinciis xelmZRvaneoloba. polkis meTaurma am amocanisaTvis SeZlo Seekriba motomsrolelTa 2 batalioni, sadazvervo aseuli da TviTmavali artileriis batalioni (erTi artileriis gamoklebiT). garda amisa, 2 artileria am Zalas exmareboda TiToeuli adgilmdebareobis ganaTebiT salang-xumiris gzatkecilidan.

motomsroleli batalionis raodenoba udrida TiTqmis motomsroleli aseulis raodenobas, batalionis sadazvervo oceulsa da naRmmtyorcnelTa artilerias (Semcirebuli ZalebiT). mTlianobaSi, polki Sedgeobda 40-45 qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanisgan (), 25-30 haubicisgan, 6 avtomaturi naRmsatyorcnisgan (e.w. ,,"), oTxi 82mm-iani naRmsatyorcnisgan (e.w.podnosi) da daxloebiT 300 kacisgan. polkis meTaurma gadawyvita RamiT ieriSi mietana avRaneTis mier kontrolirebad sazRvarze da gadasuliyo mTis Ziras qveiTTa sabrZolo manqaniT () erT motomsrolel batalionTan da sadazvervo aseulTan erTad. qvedanayofebi gadmovidodnen mTis ZirSi da aseulisgan Semdgar
61

v.g. tarasiuki msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul

kontingentSi,1986 w. aprilidan 1988 w. aprilamde, motomsroleli batalionis Stabis meTaurad. dajildoebulia ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT.
62

an 122-e, 149-e an 395-e motomsroleli polki 201-e motomsroleli diviziidan. (red)

sam jgufad avidodnen mTaze (2 motomsroleli aseuli da aseuli). isini waiwevdnen kavSiris erTi an mowinaaRmdegesTan gansaxorcieleblad. dasamyareblad da

1 sadazvervo win, amocanis

kilometr-naxevriT

miaxloebisas cecxliT ganadgurebas, ganlagebasa da mTaze asvlas ganaxorcielebda polkis saartilerio divizioni, batalionis naRmsatyorcnelTa artileria da batalionis sabrZolo manqanis tyviamfrqvevi. sadazvervo aseuli daiZra erTi saaTiT adre, vidre motomsrolelTa batalioni unda cecxlis mowinaaRmdegis gaexsna qveS motyuebas cdilobda, roca romelmac aseulis Caatara mwkrivs sadazvervo gawmenda mopirdapire kanionis gaswvriv. mewinave da meore kolonisTvis, motomsroleli gaarRvevda. motomsroilel pirvel batalions ubrZanes daZvra artileriis safris batalionis daxmarebiT, romelsac cecxli

ruka 19. motomsrolel batalionTa ieriSi mTaSi RamiT

Semdeg pirvel motomsrolel batalions unda gadaekveTa damSrali mdinare da ganlagebuliyo sabrZolo xazze, mTis ZirSi. aqedan pirveli motomsroleli batalioni gamoiyvanda me-3 motomsrolel aseuls, sadazvervo aseulsa da batalionis sadazvervo oceuls. batalioni gaiyo or jgufad. pirveli jgufi iyo motomsroleli pirveli aseuli kapitan a.v. ribkovis meTurobiT. meore jgufi iyo motomsroleli mesame aseuli sadazvervo oceulTan erTad. me viyavi batalionis Stabis ufrosi da vmeTaurobdi meore jgufs. Cven unda avsuliyaviT mTaze, gvepovna mowinaaRmdege da mogveWra misTvis gasaqcevi gza. ,,javSanjgufi" daxmarebas gagviwevda qveiTTa manqaniT (-2), romelzec damontaJebuli iyo 30 msxvilkalibriani tyviamfrqvevi. pirveli aseulidan gadmosxmuli jgufi Sedgeboda 36 kacisgan, erTi mm tyviamfrqvevisgan, erTi 30 mm avtomaturi dazgiani yumbarsatyorcnisgan, ori naRmsatyorcnisgan da cecxlsasroli iaraRisgan. Cemi gadmosxmuli jgufi Sedgeboda 49 kacisgan, ori 12.7 mm-iani msxvilkalibriani tyviamfrqvevisgan, erTi avtomaturi dazgiani yumbarsatyorcnisgan, ori 82 mm-iani naRmsatyorcnisgan da cecxlsasroli iaraRisgan. gadmosxmul sadazvervo aseuls hyavda 38 kaci, hqonda ori tyviamfrqvevi, erTi avtomaturi dazgiani yumbarsatyorcni, erTi naRmsatyorcni da cecxlsasroli iaraRi. dazvervis informaciiT, regionSi imyofeboda daaxloebiT 170-200kaciani 3 partizanuli dajgufeba. Cven vemzadebodiT brZolisTvis 10 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. jariskacebma waiRes satransporto aRWurviloba da gawmindes iaraRi. materialuri rezervi TiTqmis aRar iyo, radganac Cven SevavseT sabrZolo tvirTebi qabulis datovebisas, romelic ar gvqonda gamoyenebuli marSis dros. qvedanayofebis meTaurebma miiRes brZanebebi da SeimuSaves gegmebi. koordinacias gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca. yuradsaRebia, TuU rogor gakeTda es. polkis meTaurma gamoiyvana yvela meTauri oceulidan dRis dazverisTvis. es jgufi daiZra sadazvervo adgilisken or nawilad, ori qveiTTa sabrZolo manqaniT. meTaurTa umravlesoba imyofeboda manqanaSi farul poziciaze da faqtobrivad yvelas ecva sabrZolo mm_iani

Cveulebrivi jariskacis forma (wodebisa da meTauris piradi sakuTrebis gareSe). oficrebs SesaZlebloba hqondaT SeeswavlaT gasasvleli gza mTlianad da moexdinaT gadaadgilebis koordinacia amocanis Sesrulebisas.

25 Tebervlis 21:00 saaTze polki daiZra. Tavidan pirveli motomsroleli batalionis gadaadgileba da ganlageba gegmis Tanaxmad midioda. Semdeg asvla Seferxda saaTiT da 15 wuTiT ori mizezis gamo. pirveli, damxmare qvedanayofidan daiWra. es iyo javSantransportiori -70 gadaadgilebisas afeTqda mTaSi gamoyenebisas Cveni naRmdeteqtorebis naRmze. mZRols kantuzia daemerTa, xolo polkis damxamre inJineri defeqturobis brali. meorec, aravin dafiqrebula bunebriv xelis SemSlel dabrkolebaze _ mdinaris amomSral kalapotze. mdinaris kalapotis napirze gavla SeuZlebeli iyo. is iyo vertikaluri, erTidan sam metramde simaRlis. amitom, iZulebulebi viyaviT gagvexorcielebina Cveni -s manevrireba da zigzagebiT gagvevlo 50-100 metri, raTa SevsuliyaviT da gamovsuliyaviT dinebis kalapotidan. amazec, ra Tqma unda, dro davxarjeT. oceulebi didi siswrafiT miuxlovdnen daniSnulebis adgils. TiToeul mwvervals ikavebda oceuli, romelic Semdeg daicavda meore oceulis winsvlas -s satransporto saSualebaze damontaJebuli iaraRiT. wisnvlis wamratebas aseve ganapirobebda damcavi cecxli saartilerio jgufidan da daxmareba. pirveli motomsroleli aseuli avida mTaze, 800 metris simaRleze da mesame asuli dazvervis oceuliT _ 1300 metris simaRleze. pirvelma aseulma Seasrula amocana 01:30 sT-ze, maSin roca mesame aseulma daasrula amocana 03:30 saaTze, 26 Tebervals. mTaze asvlisas Cven wavawydiT ramdenime mitovebul TavdacviTi samuSaos kvals ori da banakis kocons mbJutavi Tumca nakverCxliT. Cven da ganvaiaraReT feTqebadi mowyobiloba, miaxloebisas

dislokaciisas, Seyovnebis gamo Cven mowinaaRmdeges ukan dasaxevi gza veRar gadavuketeT. imave dros, partizanebma ver moaswres regionidan bolomde gasvla, radganac kanionis meore mxares akontrolebda avRaneTis samTavrobo Zalebi. ganTiadisas aRmovaCineT artileriis cecxli Cven adgilze mogveca vizualuri dazvervis niSnebi, saSualeba, gamoviZaxeT dazgiani mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebis

da tyviamfrqveviTa da avtomaturi

yumbarsatyorcnidan davcxrileT maTi poziciebi. mowinaaRmdege, rogorc Cans, mSvenivrad icnobda am adgils da kargad iyo gaTviTcnobierebuli kamuflaJSi. uSedego srolam mxolod miwis zedapiri daaziana. dabnelebasTan erTad, Cven gvibrZanes mTidan Camosvla da polkTan SeerTeba. gavemarTeT sabazo banakisken, magram mogvianebiT

dazvervis

agentisgan

gavigeT,

rom

Cveni

moqmedebebis

dros

mowinaaRmdeges movukaliT an davuWeriT 30-mde kaci am regionSi. frunzes akademiis komentari: es amonaridi gviCvenebs, rom safuZvliani koordinireba aucilebelia, rodesac saqme exeba araordinalur pirobebSi muSaobas (Ramis Setakebebi, zemoT xsenebuli cecxlis gaxsna da brZola sakuTar Zalebs Soris). meTaurma mravalgvari saSualeba gamoiyena mowinaaRmdegis mosatyueblad meTauris (sadazvervo dazvervis gawmenda saidumlo sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT,

moqmedeba). danayofmac dauSva garkveuli Secdomebi. arasakmarisi yuradReba daeTmo im faqtors, Tu ra gavlenas moaxdenda raionis Tavisebureba brZolaze, ramac gamoiwvia gauTvaliswinebeli manevrireba mdinaris mSrali kalapotis gadakveTisas. garda amisa, gadaadgilebis marSrutis dazverva da ganaRmviTi samuSaoebi Catarda uxarisxod. redaqtoris komentari: sabWoTa qveiT jars gadahqonda daujerebeli raodenobis tvirTi: mZime tyviamfrqvevis, misi samfexa dazgisa da sabrZolo iaraRis atana RamiT borcvze seriozul problemas warmoadgens. avtomaturi dazgiani yumbarsatyorcni da 82mm-iani naRmsatyorcnic ar aris ioli saqme. sainteresoa, Tu rogor fiqrobda meTauri, rom misi qveiTi jari gadauWrida mowinaaRmdeges gasaqcev gzas, rodesac mixvedrili mojahedi ukve flobda upiratesobas borcvze. rogorc Cans, TviTmfrinavidan gadmosxmuli moWras. am amonaridis mixedviT, sabWoTa jarma aiTvisa morigeobiT sasazRvro TvalTvali (an sasazRvro saguSagoebi), rogorc Cans, avRaneTis omidan. morigeobiT sasazRvro TvalTvali ar iyo evropuli brZolis stili, radganac man gadaadgilebis tempi Seanela. miuxedavad amisa, sasazRvro TvlTvali mniSvnelovania uswormasworo teritoriaze moZraobisas da maSin, rodesac mowinaaRmdege ar aris mTlianad dakavebuli sahaero dartymebiT da sruliad ar aqvs dapyrobili Seni artileria. am da sxva amonaridebis mixedviTac, sabWoTa moxeleebs ar hqoniaT problema, Stabis oficeri daeniSnaT droebiT meTaurad. aq sadazvervo oceuli miuerTes motomsrolelTa aseuls da Stabis batalionis ufrosoba gadaiyvanes savele sardlobaSi. es iyo Cveuli savele praqtika da ZalebiT apirebda mowinaaRmdegisTvis gasaqcevi gzis

ar niSnavda imas, rom maT hqondaT problemebi aseulis regularul meTaurobasTan. rogorc am SemTxvevaSia naCvenebi, ganaRmva mTebSi rTuli saqmea gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca saqme exeba zogierTi araliTonuri naRmebis aRmoCenas. sabWoTa kavSiris aRWurviloba xSirad gamousadegari iyo. avReneTis omSi sabWoTa kavSiris armiam dakarga 1995KkaciA da 1191 sxvadasxva saxeobis transporti naRmebze afeTqebis Sedegad. rogorc wignidan Cans, cxadia, rom sabWoTa jarebma fexi kargad ver moikides avRaneTSi. me-14 amonaridi moiTxovda batalions sami sxvadasxva diviziis polkidan, romlic gaSlili iyo 400km-ze. maT erTi polkic ki ver gamoiZaxes, romlebic ufro metad gamosadegi iqneboda, radgan maT unda daecvaT bazebi da poziciebi. me-18 amonaridi moiTxovda batalions, romelsac -ebiT, marSiT unda gaevloT umetesi 500km-iani nawili sxva romlis gza brZolis dawyebamde. operacia ,,magistralma (SemTxeva 17) Crdilo-aRmosavleT avRaneTidan SesaerTeblad, gamoiwvia magram diviziis arsebobs diviziasTan mixedviTac, monacemebi,

uSiSroebis saxelmwifo komitetis sasazRvro jarebi Cavidnen avRaneTis samxreTSi, raTa daxmareba gaewiaT diviziis aryofnis dros teritoriis dakavebaSi. mosagebad. mTavrobis moigebdnen sabWoTa maT kavSirs sakmarisi gamoyves da rom mcdeloba ar hqonia sakmaris omis dros Zalebi avRaneTis marqsistul-leninisturi rom gaeerTianebina

mxardasaWerad imisaTvis,

imedovnebdnen, avRaneTis

mTavrobas

sakuTari Zalebi omisaTvis. es ar niSnavs imas, rom sabWoTa kavSirs ar ucdia omis mogeba samxedro TvalsazrisiT. me-40 armia iyo bevrad didi avRaneTis saxalxo armiasa da avRaneTis samTavrobo dacvis Zalebze da iyo aRWurvili sahaero Zalebis danayofebiTa da rezervebiT, romlebic ganlagebuli iyo mdinare amudarias gaswvriv, sabWoTa kavSirSi. sabWoTa jarebi akontrolebdnen qveyanas da hqondaT ufleba safuZvlianad Careuliyvnen avRaneTis Sida sakiTxebSi nebismier dros, rodesac moisurvebdnen. magram es Careva efeqturi iyo manam, sanam isini am teritoriaze imyofebodnen. maT ver moaxdines qveynis okupacia. mdivanma mxridan gorbaCovma msxverplis aRniSna, rom am 1985 wels generalurma Zalas samxedro

mcdeloba hqonda mieRwia gamarjvebisTvis, rac aisaxa kidec orive raodenobaze. mcdelobam warumatebloba

ganicada da gorbaCovma sabolood gadawyvita, rom sabWoTa kavSirs jarebi Rirseulad unda gaeyvana avRaneTidan. ratom ver miaRwia samxedro gamarjvebas sabWoTa kavSirma avRaneTSi? pirvel rigSi, maT ver SeZles sazRvris Caketva pakistanTan da iranTan, rom mojahedebi ar daxmarebodnen maT Zalebs. meorec, sazogadoebrivi azrisa (gansakuTrebiT msoflios mesame qveynebSi (igulisxmeba ganviTarebadi qveyebi)) da arasakmarisi Zalebis gamo ver moxerxda Zalebis Seyvana. mesamec, avRaneTi Zlieri rwmenisa da tradiciebis komunistur struqturaze qveyanaa da mosaxleoba ewinaaRmdegeboda sabWoTa ideologias da xalxis ieriSi religiur mihqonda eTnikur da sazogadoebriv avRanel xalxs kavSirisa da avRaneTis oficialuri mTavrobis mtrul, komunistur ideologias. mrwamsze. meoTxec,

sabWoTa kavSiri didi pativiscemiT ar epyroboda. maT gamoiyenes avRaneTis armia, ,,sarandoi, ,,khad-i da adgilobrivi milicia (,,revoluciis mcvelebi), rogorc sazarbazne xorci. am demoralizebulma da araskmarisma Zalebma aRidgines xalxSi dakarguli pativiscema mxolod sabWoTa kavSiris qveynidan gasvlis Semdeg. ufro metic, sabWoelebma miitanes gaurkveveli sahaero da saartilerio ieriSi soflis mosaxleobaze, rom iZulebulebi yofiliyvnen qveynidan wasuliyvnen, ris Semdegac mojahedebi daxmarebas veRar miiRebdnen. da bolos, sabWoTa mxarem ar gaiRo saWiro msxverpli gamarjvebisTvis da Seecada qveiTi jarebis xelCarTul brZolebSi Caenacvlebina sacecxle Zala. rac TvalnaTelia am wignidan, aris is, rom sabWoTa kavSirma ver SeinarCuna adekvaturi pesonalis Zala Tavis danayofebSi. me-18 SemTxvevaSi batalionSi araa mTliani aseuli. me-19 amonaridSi ar aris 2 batalioni da TiToeul batalions aklia erTi aseuli. es aseulebic ki erT mesamed Zalas floben. es polki operacia ,,magistralis mZime brZolidan brundeboda, magram personalis Zala aris mTliani Zalis batalionze naklebi. es aris miaxloebuli cifrebi. motomsrolelTa polks unda hyoloda 2315 kaci. motomsrolel batalions 455 kaci, motomsrolel aseuls 103. motomsrolel oceuls 28 kaci. sabWoTa mxares arasakmarisi Zalebi hyavda da avRaneTis ZalebSi kidev ufro uaresi mdgomareoba iyo. danayofebSi sxvadasxva daavadebebTan. sxva wyaroebi jariskacebis aRweren mniSvnelovan problemebs, rac dakavSirebuli iyo sabWoTa armiis danayofebSi umravlesoba daavadebuli iyo hepatitiT, tifiT, malariiT, amebis dizenteriiT da meningitiT. saguSago razmebi da poziciebi iyo Semcirebuli. danayofebi

weliwadSi erTxel ivseboda gazafxulisa da Semodgomis gawvevis Semdeg. TurqmeneTis (yazaxeTis) regionSi gagzavnili axalwveulebi gadiodnen 6-12Tvian wvrTnebs avRaneTSi gagzavnamde. ufro metic, axalwveulebis gawveva weliwadSi orjer xdeboda. es gawvevebi Zalian mniSvnelovania, Tumca danayofebis Zalebi aris saSinlad susti. rogorc Cans, msoflios zogierT regionSi saWiroa samxedro danayofebis 100 %-iani Sevseba, Tu moxdeba maTi omSi gaSveba.

Tavi 3
taqtikuri sahaero ieriSebis gamoyeneba avRaneTSi sabrZolo gamocdilebis Seswavlis safuZvelze SesaZlebeli xdeba taqtikuri sahaero ieriSebis Teoriisa da praqtikuli ganxorcielebis srulyofa. avRaneTSi moqmedebebma gviCvena, rom taqtikuri sahaero ieriSebi warmatebiT ganxorcielda damoukidebeli, moulodneli ieriSebis dros partizanuli Zalebisa da sabazo banakebis winaaRmdeg, Soreul adgilebSi an rTul adgilmdebareobaze. taqtikuri sahaero ieriSebi aseve xorcieldeboda erToblivi moqmedebebis dros, romelSic CarTulni iyvnen sxva qvedanayofebi da polkebic, roca xdeboda frontis xazze win waweva. sahaero ieriSebi, Cveulebriv, xorcieldeboda gabatonebuli adgilisa da sagzao gadakveTebis xelSi Casagdebad: isini (sahaero saSualebebi) eSvebodnen pirdapir samizne raionSi an mis momijnave adgilas. rogorc wesi, pirveli nakadisa da ZiriTadi Zalis gadasxdomamde, viyenebdiT sahaero, saartilerio da aseve cecxlsasrol iaraRs mowinaaRdmdegis cecxlis CasaxSobad.

taqtikuri sahaero ieriSebi nangarharisa da lagmanis provinciebSi maiori s.a. urbani63

1983 wlis TebervalSi brigadis sadazvervo organom mogvawoda informacia, rom mowinaaRmdege, brigadis daaxloebiT 150 kacis odenobiT, isini moqmedebda jgufebad pasuxismgeblobis raionSi 64.

anadgurebdnen usafrTxoebis saguSagoebs da samoqalaqo Senobebs naRmsatyorcnebiT da naRmavdnen gzebs. brigadis meTaurma miiRo gadawyvetileba, gaenadgurebina Tavis pasuximgeblobis mowinaaRdegeze RaziabadSi. igi raionSi sofel myofi kamasa ori dajgufebebi. (romelic aseulis romelic man dagegma ieriSi mdebareobda Cayvanas Raziabadis nangarhanis gziT,

provinciaSi, daaxloebiT 12 kilometris daSorebiT Cveni bazidan) da sofel gegmavda meore sahaero romelTaganac erTi ganlagdeboda kamas maxloblad da mogvianebiT SeuerTdeboda imoqmedebda. sadesanto aseuls, winaaRmdeg da Raziabadisaken motomsroleli batalionis jalalabadidan javSantransportiorTa jgufi

aseuli

gaemarTeboda

mxardasaWerad. sahaero moieriSe qvedanayofebis daSveba ganxorcieldeboda artileriis momzadebidan 10 wuTis intervaliT. kapitani kostenko, movaleobis Semsrulebeli meTauri, uxelmZRvanelebda daSvebas. maiori ermolaevi, teqnikuri mxardaWeris meTauris moadgile, uxelmZRvanelebda javSantransportiorTa jgufs. moieriSe desantis pirveli nakadi Sedgeboda sahaero-moieriSe oceulis, sainJinro aTeulisa da cecxlsatyorcniT SeiaraRebuli aTeulisagan. 12 Tebervals ganxorcielda sahaero daSveba kamaSi. meore moieriSe aseuli gaiSala ,,mwvane zonaSi, magram mowinaaRmdege ver aRmoaCina. javsantransportiorTa jgufi gadaadgilda sofel Raziabadisken. 13 Tebervals ganxorcielda pirveli moieriSe aseulis sahaero daSveba, amjerad Raziabadis maxloblad, raTa xelSi CaegdoT samxreTiT mdebare
63

s.a. urbani msaxurobda avRaneTis respublikaSi 1981 wlis dekembridan 1984

wlis aprilamde rogorc oceulis meTauri da Semdgom, rogorc aseulis meTauri sahaero-moieriSe batalionSi. mas jildod gadaeca ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeni
64

66-e calkeuli motomsroleli batalioni

mTebi

da

blokireba

moewyoT

mowinaaRmdegisTvis

ukan

daxevis

SemTxvevaSi. Tumca sanam javSansatanko jgufi CrdiloeTidan miuaxlovda Raziabads, mowinaaRmdege mTebSi gavida. 14 Tebervlis dilas batalionis meTaurma gadawyvita raionidan ori sahaero moieriSe aseuli aeyvana da gadaesva sofel CarbaRis maxloblad (lagmanis provinciaSi). iqidan ki isini mTebis gadakveTiT sofel bailamiSi gavidodnen. Tavdapirveli sadazvervo informaciis Tanaxmad, mojahedebi inaxavdnen tyvia-wamals da hqondaT saavadmyofo bailamSi. moieriSe aseulebi imoqmedebdnen javsantransportiorTa jgufTan erTad, raTa alya SemoertyaT bailamisTvis da gaenadgurebinaT mowinaaRmdege. Cven gvqonda 24 saaTi amocanis Sesasruleblad. bailamis garSemo raioni kargad iyo gamagrebuli da gaZlierebuli hqondaT usafrTxoeba. mowinaaRmdege akvirdeboda Cvens sahaero daSvebas da amis gamo batalionma moulodnelobis SesaZlebloba dakarga. aseve ganvicdidiT saWiro Zalis naklebobas soflis asaRebad. sabolood, 17 Tebervlis dRis miwuruls Cveni brigadis meTaurma gamouSva saWiro sahaero da saartilerio mxardaWera soflis asaRebad. batalionma dakarga 25-30 mebrZoli.

ruka 20: sahaero ieriSebi nangarharisa da lagmanis provincibeSi. frunzes moulodnelobis akademiis komentari: zemoT moyvanili gareSe magaliTi

gviCvenebs, rom sahaero daSvebis warmatebisaTvis pirveli moTxovnaa SenarCuneba. moulodnelobis SeuZlebelia mowinaaRmdegis poziciebidan gandevna, Tu ar gyavs sakmarisi sahaero da saartilerio mxardaWera. redaqtoris komentari: 66-e da 70-e calkeuli motomsroleli brigadebi iyo Zalebi, romlebic specialurad meamboxeTa sawinaaRmdego moqmedebebisTvis Camoyalibda. isini Sedgebodnen ori-sami motomsroleli

batalionisgan, sahaero-moieriSe batalionis, haubicis saartilerio divizionis, dazvervis batalionis, satanko da uzrunvelyofis batalionebisgan. arsebobs garkveuli maniSneblebi imisa, rom reaqtiuli saraketo sistemiT aRWurvili batalionic jgufis mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. mokled rom ganvmartoT, cxadia isic, rom igi Camoyalibda ara marto am reaqtiuli saraketo sistemiT aRWurvili batalioni aris 66-e brigadis saartilerio nawili. moqmedebisaTvis. mokle epizodSi #18 saraketo sistemiT aRWurvili batalioni mxars uWerda ieriSs 70-e brigadis pasuxismgeblobis raionSi. 70e ganlagebuli iyo yandaRarSi da 400 kilometriT iyo daSorebuli yandaRaridan, kidev erTi mniSvnelovani sididis sabWoTa Zalebisgan. SesaZloa avRanur Zalebs hyavdaT raionSi reaqtiuli raketebis sistema, magram SesaZlebelia, rom reaqtiuli raketebis sistemiT aRWurvili batalioni iyo nawili orive calkeuli brigadisa. sabWouri samxedro leqsikoni Zalian zustia, roca ganasxvavebs taqtikasa da operaciebs evropuli stilis saomar TeatrSi. taqtika oceulebis, aseulebis, batalionebis, polkebisa da diviziebis saqmea, maSin roca operaciebi armiebisa da frontebis saqmes warmoadgens. roca me-40 armiam Caatara operacia ,,magistrali (epizodi 17), es iyo namdvili operacia, xolo roca diviziebi da polkebi ibrZvian, es aris taqtika. Tumca, roca ibrZvis 103-e sadesanto divizia, 56-e sahaero-moieriSe brigada, 345-e calkeuli sadesanto polki, 66-e calkeuli motomsroleli brigada an 70-e calkeuli motomsroleli brigada esec operaciaa. es, albaT, imitom, rom igi warmoadgens dones. am epizodSi javSantransportiorTa jgufis moqmedebebi aSinebda mowinaaRdeges komunikaciaSi. aseve aRmoCnda, rom dazverva am operaciisaTvis iyo Zalian susti. es gamowveuli gaxldaT, albaT, sazavervo Zalis moqmedebebiT da im uZlurobis warmoCeniT, rom ganesazRvraT mowinaaRmdegis poziciebi. sahaero-moieriSe Zalebis poziciebze ganlagebamde. naTelia, rom arsebobda problemebi or elements Soris koordinaciasa da unikalur saerTo-sajariso SenaerTs, Semdgars calkeuli brigadebisagan da aseve, sadesanto da sahaero-moieriSe ZalTa gavlenis

sahaero-sadesanto ieriSi sofel rumbasis raionSi maiori v.v. kovalevi65 1985 wlis ianvris dasawyisSi motomsroleli brigadis 66 meTaurma miiRo sadazvervo informacia, rom mowinaaRmdege gegmavda Sexvedris gamarTvas sofel rumbasis (mdebareobs yandaRaris samxreT-dasavleTiT) maxloblad, 25 ianvars. Sexvedras unda daswrebodnen mTavari partizanuli Zalebis meTaurebi, romlebic sami provinciis raionebSi iyvnen gaSlilni da savaraudod, unda moexdinaT samomavlo moqmedebebis koordinireba. miiRes gadawyvetileba, Sexvedraze Sekrebili mowinaaRmdege gaenadgurebinaT. brigadis meTaurma miiRo gadawyvetileba, ganexorcielebina marSi _ miaxloeba partizanuli rumbasTan Zalebi, 25 ianvars, miaxloebisas taqtikuri ieriSi, gaenadgurebina raTa moexdina daewyo sahaero

mowinaaRmdegis blokireba sofelSi da sabolood srulad gaanadgurebda regionSi myof

daemarcxebina igi. brigada

momdevno diliT brigada gaagrZelebda winsvlas samxreT-dasavleTisken da mowinaaRmdeges. gadaadgildeboda calkeuli eSeloniT da gamoiyenebda brigadis sahaeromoieriSe (sadesanto) batalions67. Cveni sahaero-moieriSe batalionis amocana iyo rumbasis samxreTaRmosavleTiT mdebare dasafreni zonis xelSi Cagdeba, maxloblad arsebuli mowinaaRmdegis ganadgureba, rumbasis aRmosavleT da samxreTaRmosavleT nawilSi sakontrolo saguSagoebis mowyoba da am poziciebis SenarCuneba brigadis mTavari Zalis gamoCenamde. Semdeg Cveni Serwyma moxdeboda brigadasTan da erToblivad waviwevdiT win. Cven movamzadeT batalioni brZolisaTvis Cvenive bazaze 23-25 ianvars. momzadebaSi Sedioda jariskacebis SeiaraReba, iaraRisa da teqnikis momzadeba gavla. brZolisaTvis batalionis da sahaero desantis ieriSisTvis momzadebis
65

Stabma

moamzada

Sveulmfrenebis

v.v. kovalevi msaxurobda avRaneTSi 1983 wlis ivnisidan 1985 wlis ivlisamde, ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeni da avRaneTis respublikis ordeni

rogorc oceulis meTauri, aseulis meTauri da batalionis Stabis ufrosi. mas gadaeca ,,mamacobisTvis
66

70-e calkeuli motomsroleli brigada me-4 sahaero-moieriSe batalioni

67

datvirTvis gegmebi da TiToeuli sahaero gadayvana, aseve, ieriSis gegma, masalebisa da SeiaraRebis transportirebis gegma. aerodromi ganlagebuli iyo bazasTan axlos. 25 ianvars 11:00-ze batalionma daiwyo gadaadgileba aerodromisken da Sveulmfrenebis datvirTvasTan da gadayvanasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis saboloo Sejereba. CatvirTva dasrulda 13:00-Tvis. pirveli sahaero gadazidva ganxorcielda dabal simaRleze, erTmwkrivi koloniT freniT. bombdamSenebis gafrena da ori -24 mZimed aRWurvili Seveulmfrenebis gafrena, romlebmac moamzades dajdomis zona Cveni -8 satransporto Sveulmfreni aseve uSenda SeiaraRebiT. gadmosxda zonis xmeleTze, mowinaaRdegem gadainacvla da aRnSnul zonas Tavisi da rogorc ki mTavari jgufi 4 Sveulmfrenis SemadgenlobiT yumbarsatyorcnebidan erTi kilometriT dartymiT

cecxlsasroli iaraRidan cecxli gaxsna. amitom mTavari ZalisaTvis daSvebis adgilmdebareobam didi SemarTebiTa dajdomis samxreTgaanadgura moawyo aRmosavleTiT, romelic pirveli nakadis daSvebis adgili iyo. pirvelma nakadma gadamwyveti da mowinaaRmdege raodenoba zonaSi rumbasis garSemo

sakontrolo saguSagoebi. brZolis dros ganadgurda mowinaaRmdegis didi

ruka 21: sofel rumbasis raionSi sahaero desantis ieriSi

da xelSi Caigdes 30-ze meti Tanamedrove avtomaturi iaraRi da yumbarsatyorcni, aseve, amunicia. roca ZiriTadi Zala uaxlovdeboda pirvel nakads, mowinaaRdegem gaxsna cecxli mcirekalibriani iaraRidan, ramac mTavar Zalas ar misca saSualeba miaxloeboda sofels. mas Semdeg, rac dajda ori -24 mZimed aRWurvili Sveulmfreni, man mxardaWera aRmouCina pirvel nakads, magram ar mogveca saSualeba artileriis gamoyenebis, ar mogveca mowinaaRmdegis cecxlis CaxSobis SesaZleblobac, sanam brigada ar mouaxlovda cecxlis zonas. roca brigadis artileria mouaxlovda cecxlis zonas, maT SeZles mowinaaRmdegis mimarTulebiT cecxlis gaxsna da batalionma waiwia win, sakontrolo saguSagoebis asaRebad. mojahedebi,

romlebic cdilobdnen rombasidan ruvabadisken ukan daxevas, moeqcnen pirveli nakadis cecxlis qveS. Cveni batalionidan daiRupa 2 da daiWra 3. mowinaaRmdegis mxridan msxverpli 100 kacs aRemateboda. Cven xelSi CavigdeT iaraRisa da tyviawamlis didi maragi. Cveni warmateba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom movaxerxeT moulodnelobis efeqtis moxdena. gaTvaliswinebuli iyo agreTve SecdomaSi Seyvanis zomebi (Cven cru dartyma ganvaxorcieleT sxva raionSi) da didi roli iTamaSa pirveli jgufis mamacurma da gadamwyvetma moqmedebebma. Tumca Cvenma batalionma amocana mTlianad ver Seasrula. Cven srul koordinirebas ar vaxdendiT mxardamWer saaviacio ZalebTan, ris gamoc Sedegad miviReT arasakmarisi sahaero dartymebi dajdomis zonis aRebisaTvis. ufro metic, Cven vmoqmedebdiT brigadis artileriis raionis gareT da ar gagviTvaliswinebia kvamliT SeniRbva an fantvadi naRmebis gamoyeneba. frunzes akademiis komentari: sabrZolo gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom amocanidan da mowinaaRmdegis savaraudo kontrmoqmedebebidan gamomdinare, sahaero gadazidvis calkeuli nakadi unda Sedgebodes sruli, gaZlierebuli sahaero-moieriSe (anu sadesanto) aseulisagan an ufro metic, batalionisagan. aTeuliT. rogorc minimum, rogorc aseuli gaZlierebuli gaZlirebuli unda unda iyos iyos naRmmtyorcnelTa oceuliT, metyviamfrqveveTa oceuliTa da mesangreTa batalioni, minimum, naRmmtyorcnelTa batareiT, 2 an 3 metyviamfrqveveTa oceuliTa da mesangreTa oceuliT. mxardamWeri saartilerio batalioni da sabrZolo manqana -21-is reaqtiuli saraketo sistemis mxardamWeri batarea unda moqmedebdes dajdomis zonis farglebSi. armiisa da frontaluri aviacia mxars unda uWerdes dajdomas. umjobesia frena erT sahaero derefanSi, sadac mowinaaRmdegis sahero Tavdacvis adgili aris ufro susti da sadac adgilmdebareoba SeumCnevlad miaxloebis saSualebas iZleva. mZimed aRWurvili Sveulmfrenebi win unda uswrebdnen raionSi moqmedi Zalebis gadmosxdomas, Semoartyan saWiroebisamebr. raTa moamzadon dajdomis zona, Semdeg ki alya da gamoiyenon bortze sadesanto arsebuli Zalebi SeiaraReba iyvnen sahaero-moieriSe unda zonas

momzadebulni Sveulmfrenis Ria karebidan cecxlsasroli iaraRiT srolisaTvis, roca xorcieldeba gadafrena.

redaqtoris warmoadgens rom albaT,

komentari: da naTel

zemoT

moyvanili

komentari rac

,,martiv

mogvarebas sabrZolo

problemebisa, manqana Tu

ukavSirdeba sahaero desantis ieriSis sacecxle mxardaWeras. imis nacvlad, dakonkretdes problemis saWiro ufro raodenoba -21-is, naRmsatyorcnebis, -17 Aavtomaturi dazgiani yumbarsatyorcnebisa,Y realuri gadaWra iqneba, SevaxsenebT damgegmav oficrebs, rom sahaero ieriSs sWirdeba arapirdapiri cecxliT mxardaWera. miuxedavad im fotoebisa, romlebzec aRbeWdilia, Tu rogor gadahyavT Sveulmfrenebs moqmedebis raionSi saartilerio teqnika, mainc naTelia, rom sahaero-moieriSe da sadesanto Zalebs ar gaaCndaT saartilerio mxardaWera operaciebis dros. albaT, es gaxldaT Sedegi gadamyvani sahaero saSualebebis SezRuduli raodenobisa.

sahaero desantis ieriSi da mowinaaRmdegis blokireba lar-mandikulis xeobaSi maiori v.g. Cabanenko68 1985 wlis 16 marts sadazvervo struqturebma miiRes qabulidan 30 kilometris moSorebiT Setyobineba, diviziis

rom partizanuli Zalebi koncentrirebas axdenen lar-mandikulis xeobaSi, Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. meTaurma Cemi polkis meTaurs misca maTi ganadgurebis brZaneba 69. Cemma meTaurma gadawyvita polki sahaero gziT gadaeyvana daaxloebiT 6 kilometris moSorebiT xeobaSi, Semadgeneli gadafaravdnen. nawiliT, aviacia partizanuli Zalebidan da Semdeg Sesuliyo sanam danarCenebi saraketo maT gadaadgilebas romelic gasasvlelebi daebloka da ganexorcielebina Zebna polkis reaqtiuli sistemisTvis,

ganlagebuli iyo 15 kilometriT daSorebiT xeobidan, Cvens ,, javSanjgufTan erTad. mxardaWera unda yofiliyo dagegmili da gamoZaxebisTanave unda gamoeyenebinaT manaTobeli vaznebi, artileriis manaTobeli Wurvebi da sahaero manaTobeli maSxalebi. amocanis Sesrulebis Semdeg polki SeuerTdeboda Cvens ,,javSanjgufs (javSantransportiorTa). 19 marts Cven dartyma ganvaxorcieleT dajdomis zonaze da maSinve aRmogvaCina mowinaaRdegem. man gaxsna cecxli da daiwyo Cveni sahaero da saartilerio dartymebis arealidan Tavisi qvedanayofebis swrafad gamoyvana. wina xazze myofma Cvenma pirvelma da meore batalionebma moaxerxes sakontrolo saguSagoebamde miRweva, Tumca maT ar gaaCndaT sakmarisi sabrZolo Zala mowinaaRmdegis mTavari Zalis SesaCereblad. momdevno 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi Cvenma samZebro jgufebma ipoves da gaanadgures iaraRisa da tyvia-wamlis saidumlo sacavebi. dafarvis qvedanayofebma moaxerxes gabatonebuli adgilis xelSi Cagdeba, samZebro jgufebis mxardaWera da mowinaaRmdegis mcdelobis mogerieba, gaenadgurebinaT blokirebis momwyobi Zalebi. axlomdebare xeobaSi msgavsi situacia ganmeorda. mowinaaRdegem moaxerxa Tavisi qvedanayofebis gamoyvana polkis dartymebisgan da ganaxorciela gadmovsxdiT
68

marSireba xmeleTze

xeobisaken.

es

moxda

imitom, kudSi

rom da

Cven ver

mowinaaRmdegis

kolonis

v.g. Cabanenko msaxurobda avRaneTSi, 1983 wlis dekembridan 1985 wlis

ivnisamde, rogorc batalionis meTauri.

69

103-e sazenito divizia

movaxerxeT gansazRvra. imitom, kilometri) poziciebze rom da

sakontrolo

saguSagoebamde Cveni ara 2 da

misvla,

romelic

polkma

amasTanave, Cven advili

gadmosxma gansazRvrul saaTi me

aRmoaCina adgilas, aramed batalionis zust

mowinaaRmdegem, radganac is moxda arasworad SerCeul adgilas. es gadmovediT mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisgan dacul adgilas, romelic iyo sakmaod didi (2X2 dajdomisTvis. da organizebulad dasWirda qvedanayofTa Tavmoyras Sesabamisad, ver SevZeli

gadasvla

droulad.

mowinaaRmdegem

moaxerxa Tavis daRweva. frunzes akademiis komentari: es operacia xazs usvams mudmivi dazvervis Catarebis aucileblobas mowinaaRmdegesa da arsebul viTarebaze dayrdnobiT, gegmebis sizustes da

ruka 22: sahaero desantis ieriSi da mowinaaRmdegis blokireba lar-mandikulis xeobaSi.

Tu saWiro gaxda, dajdomis zonis Secvlas. aseuls unda hqondes erTi dajdomis zona, batalions _ ori an sami, romelic erTi an erT-naxevari kilometriT iqneba erTmaneTisgan daSorebuli. dajdomis zonebi daculi unda iyos mowinaaRmdegis sabrZolo cecxlisgan. udaoa, da rom unda arsebobdes es operacia saTadarigo dajdomis zonac. moqmedeba avRaneTSi konkretulad gviCvenebs, rom moieriSe ZalTa evakuacia amocanis ganxorcielebis Semdeg saWiroebs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas, vinaidan operaciidan gamomdinare, qvedanayofebSi dafiqsirdes. SesaZloa TavSeyris mniSvnelovani raionSi zarali da msxverpli/daWrilebi SveulmfrenebiT

dabrunebis dros gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda

daeTmos imas, rom

davrwmundeT, mowinaaRmdegem ar ganaTavsos SeiaraReba raionis garSemo. imisaTvis, rom ar davuSvaT mowinaaRmdegis moaxloeba evakuaciis fantvadi punqtebTan, naRmebi. roca mowinaaRmdegis xorcieldeba miaxloebis gadafarvis ZalTa marSrutze operacia evakuacia, myofTa gamoyenebuli unda iyos sahaero an reaqtiuli saraketo sistemis mier regionis adgilmdebareobaze Zalis evakuaciis gabatonebiT, unda unda moxdes

moewyoba ra sahaero daSvebis zonis perimetrze saguSagoebi. mTavari Tanadroulad moxdes saguSagoebze evakuaciac. roca xdeba moieriSe Zalis gadaadgileba evakuaciis zonis xelSi Casagdebad, gadaadgilebis dafarva unda moxdes dafarvis ZalebiTa da aviaciiT, romelic moZraobs wina sabrZolo wyobiT da iyenebs rekognoscirebas. SeimuSaveT Sveulmfrenebis CatvirTvis gegmebi dauyovnebliv, roca miiReba evakuaciis brZaneba da moaxdineT maTi daxvewa ayvanis punqtSi. pirvel rigSi, gamoiyvaneT naRmtyorcnelTa ekipaJi da naRmsatyorcnebi, xolo msrolelebi- bolos. sahaero ieriSebis meTauri

xelmZRvanelobs evakuacias da jdeba bolo Sveulmfrenze, bolo nakadTan erTad usafrTxoebis saguSagoebidan. mxardamWeri mZimed aRWurvili Sveulmfrenebi srul mzadyofnaSi arian an xsnian cecxls mowinaaRmdegis mimarTulebiT, gasasvlelebSi. sahaero moieriSe paraSutistebi, rogorc ki Sveulmfrenze avlen, mzad unda iyvnen mcirekalibriani iaraRidan cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis safreni aparatis Ria karebidan. gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom Sveulmfrenebi minimaluri droiT unda imyofebodnen sahaero evakuaciis punqtebze, radgan piradi Semadgenloba da SeiaraReba da agreTve teqnika ukve koncentrirebulia

da warmoadgens samiznes. Sveulmfrenebis xmeleTze yofnis maqsimaluri droa erTi an erTnaxevari wuTi. sadesanto TavianT sawyis SveulmfrenebiT ganxorcielebis navigaciisaTvis sanaTi vaznebi. da an sahaero-moieriSe TavSeyris Semdeg meTaurebma dRis raions polki Zalebs amocanis am ukan SeuZliaT daubrundnen Semdeg, amocanis transportiT saparaSuto Sesrulebis operaciaSi gamovida kompasebi SeeZloT da

javSantransportiT.

Tavis ,,javSanjgufTan erTad. isini gamovidnen RamiT. im RamiTve gamoiyenes maT ganmavlobaSi gamoeyenebinaT

marSrutze rekognoscireba. polkis sxvadasxva ,,javSanjgufi gadaadgilda mTavari Zalis gadasafarad. mas Semdeg, rac mTavari Zala gavida marSrutis dafarul nawilSi, damfaravi Zala SeuerTda mTavar Zalas, sxva qvedanayofebi ki gadaadgildebodnen momdevno gadafarvis poziciebze. am gziT polkma SeinarCuna gadaadgilebis maRali tempi da hyavda minimaluri dazaralebuli mowinaaRmdegesTan Setakebis Semdeg. redaqtoris komentari: meTauris gadasawyvetia, gamoiyvans Tu ara naRmsatyorcnebs qveiT Zalaze adre, rac daefuZneba taqtikur situacias, magram aris SemTxvevebi, roca naRmsatyorcnebis evakuacia bolos xdeba. bevr meTaurs urCevnia Seqmnas Seuferxebeli ,,damangreveli zona evakuaciis zonis usafrTxoebisaTvis. es rgoli mWidrovdeba TiToeuli afrenis Semdeg. ..damangrevel zonas aqvs SesaZlebloba Tavidan aviciloT mowinaaRmdegis SeRweva perimetrze da usafrTxoebis ZalTa evakuacia moxdes, Semedeg moewyos moSorebiT mdebare saguSagoebi, rogorc am epizodSi iyo gadmocemuli. transportiT ZalTa ukan gamosvla warmoadgens didi gavlenis qveS ukan gasvlas. meqanizebuli kolonis pandSiris xeobidan RamiT gadaadgileba, iyeneben ra saparaSuto sanaTebel vaznebsa da kompasebs, cxadhyofs, rom es aris erTaderTi varianti, romelic SesaZloa meTaurisTvis misaRebi iyos.

partizanuli Zalis ganadgureba sahaero desantis ieriSiT logaris provinciaSi maiori v.v. selivanovi70 mowinaaRmdegem gaaaqtiura moqmedebebi logaris provinciaSi 1985 wlis agvistoSi. partizanebma dabombes qabulis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawili, ieriSi miitanes samxedro da samoqalaqo kolonebze da sabWoTa da avRanur saguSagoebze. dazvervis informaciis Tanaxmad, romelic avRaneTis usafrTxoebis samsaxuridan 71 miviReT, partizanTa mewinave SenaerTebi ganlagebulni iyvnen raionSi, romelsac esazRvreboda soflebi: qurd-qabuli, malangi, kala da malikeili. aq ganlagebuli iyo 500-600 kaci 1015 partizanul qvedanayofSi. partizanul ZalTa mTavari koncentracia xdeboda 15-20 kilometris moSorebiT raionis samxreT-aRmosavleTidan. sofel ticini-xasiSi, maT moawyves tyvia-wamlisa da iaraRis saidumlo sacavebi, gadawyvita moawyobda romelsac icavda 300 qabulis kaci, SeiaraRebuli logaris msxvilkalibriani provinciidan, tyviamfrqvevebiTa () da naRmsatyorcnebiT. avRaneTis mTavrobam SeeCerebina ra bazas dabombva logaris xeobaSi, romelic dakompleqtdeboda

sarandois batalioniT. sadesanto divizias72 mieca brZaneba dasdevneboda partizanebs. sadesanto diviziis meTaurma miiRo gadawyvetileba, Cumad gadaeyvana qvedanayofebi raionSi 9-11 agvistos. Semdeg ki, 11-18 agvistos, igi alyaSi moiqcevda da gaanadgurebda mowinaaRmdegis mewinave SenaerTebs da xels SeuSlida mTavari bazisken gadaadgilebas. am operaciisTvis SeirCa ori sadesanto polki. erTi polki iyo aseulis zomis da meore _ ori batalionis zomis. diviziis meTaurma gaaZliera Zala darCenili polkis rekognoscirebis aseuliT, calkeuli rekognoscirebis aseuliT, mesangreTa batalioniT, satanko batalioniTa da saartilerio polkiT (romelic batalionis zomis iyo). rekognoscirebis elementebisgan Seiqmna erTi elementi. maT amocanad daisaxes, 13 agvistos ganexorcielebinaT 50kilometriani reidi, raTa moexdinaT ori qenionis blokireba logaris xeobis samxreTiT. mTavari Zala (3 sadesanto batalioni) ganaxorcielebda ieriSs
70

qurd-qabulis

soflis

CrdiloeT

raionSi,

ieriSs

miitanda

mowinaaRmdegeze da xels SeuSlida mis ukan gamosvlas samxreTiT.

v.v. selivanovi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sadesanto polkis dazvervis ufrosad. xadi 103-e sadesanto divizia

71 72

Semdgom, dazvervis jgufebTan koordinirebiT, mTavari Zala bolomde gaanadgurebda mowinaaRmdeges. Tumca, am operaciis gegma garkveulwilad Seicvala partizanTa mewinave razmebis moqmedebebis gamo, romlebmac ieriSi miitanes avRanelTa axal bazaze ,,sarandois batalionis winaaRmdeg. batalionma verafris gakeTeba ver SeZlo da panikaSi myofi bazas gaecala. amis Semdeg diviziis meTaurma gadawyvita, rom dazvervis jgufebis dagegmili raionebidan gamoyvanis nacvlad, igi gaaerTianebda rekognoscirebis 2 jgufs da daamatebda mesangreTa aTeuls.

ruka 23: partizanul ZalTa ganadgureba logaris provinciaSi

rekognoscirebis axali jgufi sahaero daSvebas ganaxorcielebda sofel malixeilis aRmosavleTiT da moawyobda sakontrolo saguSagoebs qenionze. rekognoscirebis jgufis meTauroba da calkeuli rekognoscirebis aseulisa da polkis rekognoscirebis aseuli ,,sarandois batalionisgan. imyofeboda sahaero gadazidvis pirvel nakadSi. meore nakadi Sedgeboda gadamyvani Sveulmfrenebi darCebodnen adgilze, brZolis raionSi, mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi, raTa uzrunvelyofili yofiliyo mudmivi komunikacia. sahero desantis frena 30 wuTi gagrZelda. ori nakadi dajda kanionis dasavleT ferdobze da gadaadgilda samxreTiT, mowinaaRmdegis -sa da naRmtyorcnelTa cecxlis qveS. maT Caatares operacia dazaralebulTa gareSe, rac sibnelis damsaxureba iyo. isini ver miiRebdnen artileriis mxardaWeras, radganac artileriis moqmedebis raionidan iyvnen gasuli da vinaidan bneloda, ver miiRebdnen sahaero mxardaWerasac. mowinaaRmdege flobda gabatonebul raions da xsnida cecxls maT winaaRdeg sami mimarTulebidan (gars Semortymuli simaRleebidan). isini SeboWilni iyvnen cecxliT, sanam mowinaaRdegem 600-kaciani partizanuli Zalis gadayvana moaxerxa kanionidan (xeobidan). rekognoscirebis aseulma cecxli gaxsna ukan gamomsvleli partizanuli Zalis winaaRmdeg, magram gegma iTvaliswinebda mTliani Zalis ganadgurebas kanionSi (xeobaSi), ukan gamosvlis dros. Tumca mowinaaRmdegis cecxlma dilas, 14 rekognoscirebis aseuli Seaferxa Zalebis gadaagilebisas kanionSi da sanacvlod, isini maRal Txemze ganTavsdnen. momdevno agvistos, diviziis pirveli polki gadavida xmeleTze, mas Semdeg, rac artileriam moamzada dajdomis zona. mowinaaRmdegis mxrdan dafiqsirda msxverpli/dazaralebulebi, Tumca amocanis mizani miRweuli ar iyo. sahaero-sadesanto moieriSe Zala Zalian gvian mivida adgilze, ris gamoc mowinaaRmdegem moaxerxa mTavari Zalis ukan gamoyvana kanionidan da dartymis raionidan. diviziis meTaurma, general-maiorma iariginma miiRo damatebiTi, detaluri informacia mowinaaRmdegis Sesaxeb da miiRo gadawyvetileba gadaerCina operacia. gadavidoda ra momdevno fazaze, xelSi Caigdebda iaraRisa da tyvia-wamlis saidumlo sacavebs da gaanadgurebda partizanul Zalebs ticini-xasisa da zandeqkalaiSi. darCenili taqtikuri sahaero-moieriSe polkisagan, romelsac saTaveSi edga Zala Sedgeboda sadesanto vice-polkovniki solovievi da

rekognoscirebis jgufi, romelsac me vxelmZRvanelobdi. rekognoscirebis jgufi Sedgeboda calkeuli dazvervis aseulisa da avRanelTa ,,sarandois polkisgan, romelic ar iyo CarTuli moqmedebaSi wina RamiT. diviziis meTauris gegma mdgomareobda SemdegSi: 14 agvistos, 14:45-ze Zalebi afrindebodnen raionidan, malixeilis maxloblad, -8 SveulmfreniT. Zalebi ganaxorcielebdnen sahaero ieriSs raionSi ticini-xasis garSemo, gamoiyenebdnen ra sam gafrenas da oTx dasajdom zonas. pirveli nakadi moawyobda sakontrolo saguSagoebs 18:30-ze da 19:00-Tvis integrirebuli sacecxle gegma ukve eqnebodaT Sesrulebuli. Semdeg mas mihyveboda mTavari Zala, gaanadgurebda mowinaaRdeges regionSi da mowinaaRmdegis mTavar Zalas ukan daxevis saSualebas ar miscemda. blokadis mowyobis Semdeg TiToeuli aseuli TiTo oceuls gauSvebda wina xazze samZebro moqmedebebisTvis. pirvel nakadSi Sevidoda: 350-e sadesanto polkis meore batalioni (180 kaci 18 -8 Sveulmfrenze) da pirveli batalioni (120 kaci 12 Sveulmfrenze). meore nakadSi Sedioda: diviziis sameTauro punqti, polkis sameTauro punqti, polkis dazvervis aseuli, pirveli batalionis aseuli ( 180 kaci 18 -8-ze) da dazvervis jgufi (120 kaci 12 -8-ze). mesame nakadi Sedgeboda gardaqmnili dazvervis jgufisgan (180 kaci 18 -8-ze). dajdoma Semdegnairad iyo gaTvlili meore batalioni dajdeboda #1 dajdomis zonaSi, pirveli batalioni (minus aseuli) dajdeboda #2 dajdomis zonaSi, rekognoscirebis jgufi - #4 dajdomis zonaSi da danarCeni _ #3 dajdomis zonaSi. artileria moamzadebda dajdomis zonebs 14:12-dan 14:28 saaTamde. sahaero dartymebi moamzadebda dajdomis zonebs 14:30-dan 15:00 saaTamde. saaviacio mxardaWera moxdeboda dajdomis dasrulebidan 18:00 saaTamde. sahaero-sadesanto moieriSe jgufis meTaurma dauSva Secdoma da yvela Cemi jgufi gadasva eqvsi kilometriT moSorebiT dasavleTiT dagegmili daSvebis zonidan. Cven mogvixda mTebis gadakveTa, raTa migveRwia daniSnul dajdomis zonamde. moulodnelobis efeqti daikarga. Cven ver vipoveT SeiaraRebisa da amuniciis sacavebi sofel ticini-xasiSi, Tumca avRaneli gidis ganmartebam yvelafers naTeli mohfina _ saxelwodebebi, romlebic rukaze aris miTiTebuli, sinamdvileSi SesaZloa ar emTxveodes saxelwodebas, romelsac adgilobrivebi sxvagvarad moixsenieben. ase rom, es iyo e.w. sofeli ticini-xasi. rukaze misi saxelwodebaa sofeli zandexalai. me Sevedi zandexalaiSi, davikave igi da Cemi Zalebis koncentrirebac iq movaxdine. Cven mimarTuleba SevucvaleT mowinaaRmdegis usafrTxoebis

Zalebs soflis miaxloebis marSrutisa da gabatonebuli simaRleebisaken, rac enionTan misasvlelebs blokavda. Semdeg dazvervis jgufi eZebda sacavebs, sanam sadesanto aseuli da avRaneTis ,,sarandois polki axdenda gadafarvas. Cvenma dazvervis aseulma gaanadgura daaxloebiT 150 mojahedi da aiRo iaraRis 7 sacavi. rekognoscirebis jgufis gonivrulma moqmedebebma didi wvlili Seitana diviziis amocanis SesrulebaSi. frunzes akademiis komentari: operaciis pirveli da meore etapi iyo SecdomebiT savse: pirveli etepis ganmavlobaSi isini gadasxdnen dRis bolos, roca aviacia veRar gauwevda mxardaWeras. ufro metic, raionSi ar iyo artileria, romelic sacecxle mxardaWeras uzrunvelyofda. dazverva ar ganaTavsebda informacias rukaze. saboloo jamSi, frenis marSruti da dajdomis zonebi ar iyo Sesabamisad dagegmili operaciis meore etapisTvis. redaqtoris komentari: sabWoTa artileriis Teoria iSviaTad iZleva saSualebas diviziis saartilerio jgufebis dayofisa, maT mier didi sivrcis gadafarvisaTvis. realurad, evropul saom,ar moqmedebaTa TeatrSi es arasodes xdeba. avRaneTSi saWiro gaxda cecxliT dafarvis gaSla. es epizodi gviCvenebs diviziis gayofis cecxliT mxardaWeris aRmoCenis mizniT. sabWoTa wamoiyvanos sistemisaTvis erTi Zalidan ar da aris rTuli erTi dazvervis elementi dasavleli gaaerTianos meoresTan.

meTaurebi arasodes Seelevian Tavis dazvervis elements. es epizodi gviCvenebs tipur magaliTs saStato nusxis gadanawilebisa, roca moxda dazvervis Zalebis gadanawileba. rukis wakiTxva da adgilis navigacia safreni aparatebidan Znelia iseT regionSi, sadac ar aris magarsafariani samanqano gzebi, maRali Zabvis gadamcemi xazebi, didi mdinareebi da kapitaluri xidebi. ar aris advili xlemeleTze gadaadgilebac. rukis wakiTxva rTuldeba mTebSi. jaris qmedebebi msgavs raionebSi saSualo donisaa. sabWoTa

taqtikuri sahaero ieriSiT mojahedebis saswavlo centris xelSi Cagdeba da SenarCuneba vice-polkovniki v.g. istrati73 1985 wlis oqtomberSi Cven miviReT dazvervis informacia, rom mowinaaRmdegis mosamzadeblad, sadazvervo saswavlo gadasatani moxsenebis centri, romelic aSenda tipis msrolelebis ,,xmeleTi-haeri safuZvelze, Cemi sazenito-saraketo meTaurma

sistemebidan srolisaTvis, mdebareobda yandaRaris samxreT-dasavleTiT. batalionis gamiziara brZolis sakuTari koncefcia74. 13 oqtombers Cemi me-12 sahaerosadesanto moieriSe aseuli axorcielebda daSvebas da dajdomis zonis usafrTxoebis daniSnulebis uzrunvelyofas, adgilas, Cven romelic maT saswavlo centrTan da axlos mdebareobda. Semdgom, roca batalionis danarCeni wevrebi movidodnen SevuerTdebodiT daxmarebas gavuwevdiT sawvrTneli centris xelSi Cagdebasa da ganadgurebaSi. Cven movamzadeT Zalebi brZolisaTvis Cvenive sawvrTnel teritoriaze. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mivaqcieT struqturas, romelic sahaero ieriSs da sadesanto dajdomas ganaxorcielebda, CavatareT warsulSi ganxorcielebuli sabrZolo moqmedebebis analizi Cvens p/S-Tan erTad da davsaxeT oceulisa da aseulis meTaurTa amocanebi. Cven gamoviyeneT aerofotosuraTebi, raTa dagvemuSavebina gegmis detalebi. am fotoebidan ganvsazRvreT ,,sasikvdilo zona mizanTan axlos, mowinaaRmdegis savaraudo sacecxle poziciebi da cecxlis koncentraciis raionebi, aseve samizneebi, romelTa ganadgurebac gvindoda sahaero da saartilerio cecxliT. Cven operaciis dawyebamde mosamzadeblad gvqonda 48 saaTi. batalionis meTaurma detalurad dagegma TiToeuli oceulis amocana rukaze da Caatara brZolis modelireba sxvadasxva sagangebo situaciebisa. man yuradReba gaamaxvila qvedanayofTa sacecxle Zalis dabalansebasa da mxardamWer aviaciaze. imavdroulad, batalionis meTaurma piradad gansazRvra sacecxle poziciebi naRmsatyorcnebisa da -17-is, iseve
73

v.g. istrati msaxurobda avRaneTSi 1984 wlidan 1986 wlamde, rogorc aseulis

meTauri.
74

me-4

sahaero-moieriSe

sadesanto

batalioni

70-e

calkeuli

motomsroleli

batalionidan

rogorc aseulis

sameTauro da saTvalTvalo punqtebis adgilmdebareoba.

TiToeul sagangebo situaciaze brZolis modelirebisas igi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvilebda mewinave jgufis moqmedebebze, romelic xelSi Caigdebda da dajdomis zonis usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofda. Cemi me-12 sahaero-moieriSe sadesanto aseuli 13 oqtombers gadasxda dajdomis zonaSi. miuxedavad detaluri dagegmvisa, Cven CamovcildiT batalionis mTavar Zalas. mTeli dRis manZilze mimdinare sabrZolo Sevsebis moqmedebebis Semdeg situacia kritikuli gaxda, operacia warumateblad sahaero dasrulda. da Cemi radganac gveleoda sabrZolo masala da Sveulmfrenebis gamoyenebiT maragebis TanamebrZolebi cecxlis gaxsnas kantikuntad isrodnen, avtomaturi iaraRidan cecxlis gaxsnis nacvlad. me gamudmebiT viTxovdi saartilerio mowinaaRmdegeze. batalionis mTavari Zala cdilobda CemTan moRwevas, magram naTeli gaxda, rom ver SeZlebdnen amas 14 oqtombris dilamde. Cven amden xans ver gavZlebdiT. amitom, situaciis Sefasebis Semdeg, me gadavwyvite RamiT ieriSze gadavsuliyavi. me-3 oceuli aiRebda

ruka 24: sahaero-moieriSe sadesanto aseulis mier sawvrTneli centris xelSi Cagdeba da SenarCuneba

samxerT-aRmosavleT

mTa 2825-s da damfarav ZalasTan erTad

moaxdenda mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebas. pirveli da meore oceulebi alyaSi moaqcevdnen mowinaaRdeges dasavleTidan da aRmosavleTidan, 14 oqtombers ki, 02:30-ze erTdroulad Seutevdnen ori mimarTulebidan, bazis tyvia-wamlis xelSi Casagdebad da SeinarCunebdnen poziciebs bazaze batalionis mosvlamde. Cemma gegmam gaamarTla. 04:00-Tvis baza aviReT msxverplis gareSe. Cven xelSi CavigdeT sami msxvilkalibriani tyviamfrqvevidan (), 2 avtomaturi iaraRi, 17 individualuri mcirekalibriani iaraRi da tyviawamali. 06:00-ze mowinaaRmdege Seecada bazis ukan dabrunebas, magram Cven maT ukan davaxevineT. brZolis dros jariskacebma gamoiyenes iaraRi da tyvia-wamali, romelic mowinaaRmdegisgan Caigdes xelSi. roca batalionis mTavari Zala gamoCnda, aiZula mowinaaRdege ukan daexia. mowinaaRmdegem sabolood dakarga bazis ukan dabrunebis SesaZlebloba. frunzes akademiis komentari: brZolis es magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom sahaero-moieriSe desantis Sesabamisi aRWurva, maT Soris, sakmarisi tyvia-wamali, racioni, wyali da radioelementebi mniSvnelovania. ufro metic, unda iyos uzrunvelyofili maragebiT Seuferxebeli Sevseba da daSveba usafrTxo daSvebis zonaSi. maragebiT Sevseba brZolis ganxorcielebis mimarTulebas mTebSi. aseve gansazRvravs mniSvnelovania

daWrilTa evakuacia, iseve rogorc maragebiT Sevseba. saWiro dro mTliani amocanis Sesasruleblad efuZneba imas, Tu ramdenad sworad iqneba gaweuli koordinireba aviaciasTan. amindis pirobebi mTavari faqtorebia sabrZolo aviaciis gamoyenebisas, iseve, rogorc mowinaaRmdegis sahaero Tavdacva. rac ufro axlos iqneba dajdomis zona mizanTan an rac ufro naklebi raodenoba iqneba xelT arsebuli dajdomis zonisa, miT ufro rTuli gaxdeba evakuacia. sxva brZolaSi (1985 wlis 21 ivlisi), sofel alixeilis maxloblad, batalions mouwia gaewmindaT dajdomis zona xeebisagan, buCqebisagan, daWrilTa evakuaciisaTvis, radgan maTi dajdomis zona mowinaaRmdegis cecxlis qveS imyofeboda. zogjer, brZolis dros, erTaderTi gza qvedanayofisTvis maragebis miwodebisa gaxlavT Sveulmfrenebidan maragebis gadayra. wyali da sakvebi devs CanTebSi da rezinis paketebSi qimiuri damcavi ZalebisaTvis maragebis miwodeba da drouli samedicino

aRWurvilobiT,

cxadia,

sanam

gadmoyrian.

amrigad,

specialuri

gadmosayreli konteinerebis gareSe naxevarze meti sakvebi da wyali Camogdebisas fuWdeba. imisaTvis, rom Zalam SeZlos damoukideblad 3-4 dRe brZola, TiToeulma sahaero-sadesanto moieriSem Tan unda iqonios: tyvia-wamlis 2 an 3 Sekvra, oTxi xelyumbara (ori - TavdacviTi yumbara), erTi 18mm-iani tanksawinaaRmdego yumbarsatyorcni75 or msrolelze, ori 200-gramiani trotilis fila msxvrevadi kafsuliT, 5 kvamliT SeniRbvis saSualeba da 5 saparaSuto sanaTi vazna (an narinjisferi sakvamle Wurvi, romelic SesaZloa gamoiyenon miniSnebisTvis an kvamliT SeniRbvisaTvis), oTxi 82mm-iani naRmsatyorcnis vazna (Tu moqmedebaSi CarTulia naRmmtyorcnelTa seqcia) an tyvia-wamlis maragi dazgiani tyviamfrqvevisaTvis, 3-5 dRis samyofi sakvebis ulufa, 2-3 maTara savse wyliT an CaiT, qurTuki da erTi gadasafarebeli ori kacisTvis an saZile tomara. mTeli aRWurvilobis wona unda iyos 35-40 kilogrami. Tu maragebiT Sevseba garantirebulia, es tvirTi SesaZloa Semsubuqdes. redaqtoris komentari: am epizodSi sahaero-moieriSe sadesanto aseuls uTavdeba tyvia-wamali erT dReSi. albaT, sabWoTa filosofiidan momdinareobs isic, rom cecxlsasroli iaraRiT xdeba mowinaaRmdegis cecxlis CaxSoba da saboloo jamSi, SesaZloa mixedviT, cecxlis mowinaaRmdegis Tu xdeba ganadgurebac. jgufuri dasavluri iaraRs standartebis

mowinaaRmdegis gaanadgureba cecxlsasroli iaraRiT, maSin iyeneben moxmarebis mowinaaRmdegis CaxSobisaTvis. standartuli sabWoTa avtomatis gadamyvaniT usafrTxo reJimidan gadadis srul avtomatur an naxevradavtomatur reJimze. dasavluri standartis ki _ jer naxevradavtomatur, xolo Semdeg _ srul avtomatur reJimze. dasavleTi naxevradavtomatur cecxls normad miiCnevs. sabWoTa sistemisTvis ki sruli avtomaturia cecxlis norma. sabWoTa sistemas, albad, sWirdeboda meti dro avtomaturi cecxlisaTvis partizanul omSi. naxevradavtomaturi zogavs tyvia-wamlis moxmarebas. mTaSi, ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba zusti damiznebis avtomati, vidre swrafi cecxlisTvis saWiro avtomati (Tumca, ara CasafrebaSi).

75

msubuqi tanksawinaaRdego iaraRis msgavsi

sahaero-sadesanto batalioni eSveba islam-daras kanionSi (xeobaSi) da izolaciaSi moaqcevs mas vice-polkovniki s.i. pari76

1985 wels qabulsa da kunarSi warumateblobis gamo mowinaaRmdegem mkveTrad gaaaqtiura brZolebi. igi bombavda samxedro bazebsa da saguSagoebs, anadgurebda samoqalaqo kolonas. yandaRaris provinciis samxereT sazRvarze arasasurveli viTareba Seiqmna. maTi erT-erTi yvelaze didi partizanuli Zalis baza ganlagebuli iyo yandaRaris samxreTiT, 150 kilometrSi. islam-daras am bazaze amzadebdnen da partizanebs da awvdidnen banakis, SeiaraRebasa da tyvia-wamals avRaneTis Suagulidan. baza mdebareobda kanionSi (xeobaSi) Sedgeboda ramdenime saavadmyofos, didi sacxobis da iaraRisa da tyvia-wamlis sawyobebisagan. diviziis meTaurma Cemi sadesanto polkis meTaurs misca brZaneba, batalionis sahaero daSveba ganexorcielebina kanionis samxreT nawilSi 77. maT unda moexdinaT mowinaaRmdegis blokireba kanionSi da gaenadgurebinaT igi, roca diviziis sxva polkebi movidodnen da xelSi Caigdebdnen bazas. Cems batalions, pirveli batalioni, sadesanto aseuli da dazvervis oceuli unda aeyvana -8 Sveulmfrenze da oTxi -24 mZimed aRWurvili Sveulmfrenis TanxlebiT sahaero-sadesanto gadasxma ganexorcielebina #1 daSvebis zonis xelSi Casagdebad. 18 noembris saRamosTvis isini xelSi Caigdebdnen gabatonebul simaRleebs (mTa 2300 da 2100). 19 noembers maT mxardaWera unda gaewiaT batalionisa da polkisaTvis. Semdeg moxdeboda qenionis CrdiloeTis blokireba da mowinaaRdeges xeli SeeSleboda ukan daxevaSi. brZolisaTvis gamoyenebiT, momzadebisas ganaxorcieles qvedanayofebis meTaurebma da gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmes raionis Seswavlas aerofotosuraTebis moqmedebebis koordinireba radiokavSirebis damyarebaSi momzadeba gaiares.

76

s.i.

pari

msaxurobda

avRaneTSi,

1985

wlis

seqtembridan

1987

wlis

oqtombramde,

sadesanto batalionis Stabis ufrosad da sadesanto batalionis

meTaurad. igi dajildovda ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniTAda avRaneTis ordeniT ,,mamacobisTvis.

77

103-e sadesanto divizia

jarma gaiara 7-dRiani wvrTna, romelic dasrulda aseulis donis varjiSiT. yuradReba gamaxvilda sakiTxebze, romelic dakavSirebuli iyo mosalodnel operaciebTan: simaRleebis xelSi Cagdeba da SenarCuneba, raionSi poziciebis gamagreba da Sveulmfrenebis daSvebis mxardaWera. 18 noembrisTvis pirveli nakadisa da batalionis mTavari Zalis amocana damuSavda detalurad. batalionis meTauri uxelmZRvanelebda desantis pirvel nakads. 18 noembers, 15:00-ze Cveni pirveli nakadi (mewinave jgufi) iyo sadesanto. dajdomis zonasTan miaxloebisas mowinaaRmdegem Camoagdo oTxi Sveulmfreni. Sedegad, daiWra Cveni 7 jariskaci.

ruka 25: sadesanto batalioni islam-daras kanionSi

gadarCenilma Sveulmfrenebma ver SeZles ukan, bazaze dabruneba. pirveli nakadis amocana unda Sesrulebuliyo SedarebiT mcire zomis jgufiT xmeleTze. gadarCenili sahaero moieriSeebi moeqcnen mowinaaRmdegis cecxlis qveS. ufrosi leitenanti v.v. serdukovi xelmZRvanelobda dazvervis oceuls, romelic ukeTes viTarebaSi imyofeboda. man Tavisi xalxi maRlobze aiyvana, xelSi Caigdo mTa 2300 da gadafara gadarCenilebis ukan gamosvla. man mowinaaRmdeges daartya flangidan, gaanadgura ori sacecxle punqti da xelSi Caigdo mTebi 2300 da 2100. dazvervis aseulma cecxliT gadafara gadarCenilebi, raTa ukan daexiaT da gamagrebuliyvnen SemaRlebul teritoriaze. 19 noembris diliT sahaero dartymebi da saartilerio cecxli gaixsna mowinaaRmdegis sacecxle punqtebze, romelic gansazRvra dazvervis oceulma. Semdgom, batalioni, romelsac mohyveboda polki, daeSva daSvebis zona #2-ze. pirvelma nakadma es daSveba kargad gadafara. 19Si, 08:00-ze meore sadesanto aseulma xelSi Caigdo simaRleebi, romelic blokavda Crdilo Sesasvlels qenionSi. 20 noembers, 04:00-Tvis, mesame sadesanto aseulma xelSi Caigdo gabatonebuli adgili kanionis dasavleTiT. pirveli aseulis orma oceulma gadarCenili mowinaaRmdege gaiyvana mTa 2400-ze da 19 noembers, 06:00-Tvis, maT daikaves mTa. 20 noembris 04:00-ze diviziis qenionidan sxva CrdiloeT gasasvleli xelSi maT mTlianad sxva iyo aRebuli. da mowinaaRmdege DSeecada ukan, samxreTisaken daexia. im droisTvis qvedanayofebma qenionSi. amiT Caigdes simaRleebi gamagrdnen ganadgureba. Cvens batalions brZola savalalo SedegebiT ar dausrulebia. Cven gvyavda mxolod 7 daWrili, isic mxolod pirvel dRes, pirvel nakadSi. aseve, daasrules mowinaaRmdegis

sami daWrili -Tan Setakebisas, meore dRes. Camogvigdes oTxi -8 Sveulmfreni. mowinaaRmdegis mxridan daiRupa 35 kaci. frunzes akademiis komentari: mowinaaRmdegem Tavisi Zalis koncentrireba moaxdina qenionis samxreT nawilSi. Cven igi SeviyvaneT SecdomaSi sabWoTa Zalis adgilmdebareobis kuTxiT. yuradReba unda gamaxvildes mowinaaRmdegis kargad organizebul sahaero Tavdacvaze. misi sahaero Tavdacvis sacecxle poziciebi iyo urTierTdakavSirebuli da kargad daculi. isini iyo daculi Cven ar saartilerio gvqonda cecxlisa da sahaero Taobaze, dartymebisgan. mowinaaRmdegis vinaidan sadazvervo informacia

TavdacviTi

SeiaraRebis

adgilmdebareobis

Cveni mxardamWeri mZimed aRWurvili Sveulmfrenebi bombavdnen mTian zols, maSin, roca mowinaaRmdegis tyviamfrqvevbi mTebSi, bazaze iyo ganlagbuli. Secdomebis danaxvisa da gaazrebis Semdeg, am operaciidan Semdegi dadebiTi mxareebi SesaZlebelia aRiniSnos: mTliani operaciis warmateba efuZneboda, metwilad, desantis pirveli nakadis simamacesa da gadamwyvet moqmedebebs. yvela jgufi, romelic jdeboda erT an ramdenime daSvebis zonaze, unda yofiliyo mzad damoukidebeli moqmedebisTvis, radganac SesaZlebeli iyo momdevno daSveba imave dajdmis zonaze aRar ganxorcielbuliyo. Sveulmfrenebis gamoyenebac mTebis simaRleebis mixedviT gansxvavdebda. -8 Sveulmfrens gadahyavs 6-8 jariskaci mTeli Tavisi ekipirebiT 2000 metr simaRleze, magram 3-4 jariskaci _ 3000-4000 metr simaRleze. redaqtoris komentari: partizanuli omi oceulisa da aseulis

meTaurebis omia. gadarCenisa da warmatebisaTvis mniSvnelovania dabali donis meTaurebis iniciativa. am epizodSi kargi magaliTia naCvenebi imisa, Tu rogor ayalibebs sabWoTa sistema umcros meTaurTa iniciativas sadesanto da sahaero-moieriSe ZalebSi. motomsroleli Zalebi kvlavac ganicdian zemdgomidan momdinare iniciativis naklebobas. rTulia warmatebis miRweva partizanul omSi. aseve Zalian rTulia daeyrdno mxolod cocxali Zalis raodenobas. Tumca, magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom reidi da raionebis gawmenda asobiT partizanis aRnoCenas isaxavs miznad. brZolis an operaciis da dasrulebisas warmatebac mojahedebis miRweulia, mxridan radganac msxverpli/daWrilebi aTobiTaa

partizanTa Zalebi ganadgurebulia. vietnamis gamocdilebis fonze, Zalzed rTulia partizanTa Zalis ganadgureba. raionSi, mZime Setakebis Semdeg mier aRmoCndeba, rom maTi ricxvi ar iklebs. rogorc Cans, sabWoTa Zalebi moqmedebdnen zurgis arasakmarisi informaciiT. maT ganxorcielebuli blokireba Zalian bundovani iyo (gansakuTrebiT RamiT) da raionis gasufTavebis operacias Zalian bevri xarvezi hqonda. profesiul serJantTa korpusis nakleboba mtkivneulad aRibeWda sabWoTa Zalebis moqmedebebze blokirebisa da raionis gawmendisas. gasaubrebis safuZvelze, romelic me Cavatare, aRmoCnda, rom axalwveuli serJanti saTaveSi edga sakontrolo saguSagos. drodadro, sabWoTa Zalas an eZineba saguSagoze, an warumateblad ewinaaRdegeba mowinaaRmdegis cecxls. serJants SeeZlo amis gamosworeba, magram yovelTvis rCeboda mxolod dacvaSi.

taqtikuri sahaero ieriSis ganxorcieleba ,,melavas gamagrebul regionSi maiori n.g. tenkovi78 1987 wlis gazafxulze, sadazvervo moxsenebis safuZvelze, cnobili gaxda, rom mojahidebma moawyves gamagrebuli regioni nangarharis provinciaSi jalalabadis maxloblad. egreT wodebul ,,melavas gamagrebul regionSi mravlad iyo pakistanidan Semotanili tyvia-wamlis, SeiaraRebis, medikamentebisa da sakvebis sawyobebi. am raionis iyo gabatonebuli adgilebi kargad gamagrebuli danaRmuli velebi, Rrma tranSeebi da qvian zedapirze. TiToeuli mTa gadaiqca gamagrebul TavSesafrebi

punqtad, romelic mzad iyo yvela mimarTulebiT TavdacvisTvis. TiToeuli mTis gamagrebul adgilze ganlagebuli iyo haersawinaaRmdego SeiaraReba, 82mm-iani naRmsatyorcni da mZime qvemexi. dazvervis informaciis Tanaxmad, SeiaraRebuli regions 500 avtomaturi mebrZoli iaraRiTa icavda. da snaiperuli SaSxanebiT sworad mowinaaRmdegem

daakompleqta Tavdacva saaTis isris mimarTulebiT. calkeul sahaero-moieriSe sadesanto brigadas 79 xelmZRvanelobda vice-polkovniki v.a. raevski. man miiRo brZaneba, ganexorcielebina 120kilometriani sagzao marSi ori gaZlierebuli sadesanto batalioniT, saartilerio divizioniT da brigadis specialuri qvedanayofebiT qabulisaken. roca qabulSi Cavida, man teqnika Seavso sawvaviT da sanam ganaxorcielebda 170kilometrian sagzao marSs qabulidan jalalabadamde, jari daasvena. jalalabadSi man brigada gadaiyvana TavSeyris raionSi da moamzada moqmedebisaTvis. mowinaaRmdegis gasanadgureblad gamagrebul regionSi gegma Semdegnairi iyo: ganxorcielebuliyo 32-kilometriani sagzao marSireba 12 aprils gamTeniisas da diliT ori sahaero moieriSe batalioni miuaxlovdeboda mowinaaRmdege Zalis gamagrebul punqtebs. batalionebi gaanadgurebdnen mowinaaRmdegis usafrTxoebis elementebs da Semdeg,
78

n.g. tenkovi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi

calkeuli brigadis operatiuli ganyofilebis ufrosis moadgiled. man miiRo mesame klasis ordeni ,,vemsaxurebi ssrk-s SeiaraRebul Zalebs.
79

56-e calkeuli sahaero-sadesanto moieriSe brigada, romelic ganlagebuli iyo

gardezSi.

warmatebis

SemTxvevaSi,

brZolaSi

CaerTvebodnen

rezervTan;

xelSi

Caigdebdnen sawyobebs, gamagrebul punqtebs da sacecxle poziciebsa da aafeTqebdnen mowinaaRmdegis fortifikaciebs (gamagrebul adgilebs). operaciamde TanaSemweebma fotogamosaxuleba, gansazRvres swrafi frenis gza, dajdomis zona da gamoTvales dro, rac saWiro iyo amocanis gansaxorcieleblad. operaciaSi, dros paraSutistebi, iyvnen romlebic sahaero monawileobas Casagdebad. miiRebdnen momzadebis gawvrTnilni erTi dRiT adre brigadis ruka meTaurma da da misma sahaero guldasmiT Seiswavles obieqtis

ieriSisaTvis, dacvis moxsnasa da maragebis saidumlo sacavebis xelSi specialuri yuradReba eTmoboda koordinacias, marTvasa da kontrols. gegmis Tanaxmad, brigada sagzao marSirebaze gavida 11 aprils, 20:30-ze, sibneleSi. imis gamo, rom gzebi danaRmuli iyo, brigada sami saaTis dagvianebiT mivida ganawilebis raionSi. maT dauyovnebliv daiwyes Sveulmfrenis datvirTva.

ruka 26: sahaero-moieriSe sadesanto brigada anadgurebs ,,malava-s gamagrebul regions.

gonivruli moqmedebebisTvis madloba brigadis meTauris moadgiles, polkovnik a.v. maslovsa da pirveli da meore batalionis meTaurebs (kapitani a.v. andreevi da maiori a.i. samusevi)- maRali donis swvalebis donisaTvis. Sveulmfrenebi mzad iyvnen gafrenisTvis dadgenil dros 06:30. miwasTan axlos freniT Sveulmfrenebi SeumCnevlad dafrinavdnen mTebSi gamagrebuli punqtebis SemovliT da 12 aprils dasxdnen xmeleTze 06:44ze. -24 tipis mZimed aRWurvili Sveulmfrenebi mxardaWeras ukeTebdnen saartilerio cecxls, roca mowinaaRmdegis sacecxle punqtebis ganadgureba xdeboda. imavdroulad, orma -8 Sveulmfrenma dauSina msxvilkalibrian tyviamfrqvevsa () da dacvis yazarmebs. 17 wuTi gagrZelda brZola gabatonebuli simaRleebisTvis. Cveni mxridan ori daiRupa da sami daiWra, maSin, roca mowinaaRmdege, sruliad gauTviTcnobiereblad CavigdeT xelSi. maT dakarges 12 kaci. momdevno 24 saaTi daixarja partizanul ZalebSi gadarCenilTa gamoyvanisaTvis. xelSi CavigdeT didi raodenobiT SeiaraReba da tyviawamali. yumbarebis raodenoba 1000 aRemateboda. frunzes akademiis komentari: operaciis warmateba ganapiroba guldasmiT momzadebam, paraSutistTa da SveulmfrenTa ekipaJebis maRali donis momzadebam da mowinaaRmdegis situaciis analizma. mowinaaRmdegisa da adgilmdebareobis xarisxianad Seswavla viTarebis sworad aRqmas emsaxureboda. ganisazRvra mowinaaRmdegis savaraudo samoqmedo gegma da Sedegad, Cveni Zalebis mier warmatebuli sabrZolo gegma. Cveni qvedanayofebis SemuSavda warmatebuli

moqmedebebi RamiT saSualebas gvaZlevda mowinaaRmdegis mTian raionSi arsebuli poziciebi xelSi minimaluri msxverpliT Cagvegdo. mTebi yvelaze kargi TavSesafari iyo mowinaaRmdegisaTvis brZolis velze, magram isini Cveni gaxda. saboloo jamSi, frTxili koordinirebiTa da yovlismomcveli mxardaWeriT, Cvenma sabrZolo Zalam mogvca saSualeba droulad Segvesrulebina dakisrebuli amocana. redaqtoris komentari: Zalebma ver SeZles gzebis gawmenda droulad da sami saaTiT daagvianes. es iyo warumatebloba rekognoscirebisa (taqtikuri dazverva). am TavSi gadmocemulia, rom qvedanayofebi ikargebodnen da moulodnelobis msxverplni xdebodnen. Sveulmfrenebs anadgurebdnen. mTavari Zalis misvlamde am

garemoebebs

aravin

iTvaliswinebda.

rogorc

Cans,

sabWoTa

armia

yovelTvis ar iyenebs gzis gamkvalav qvedanayofebs sahaero ieriSamde, Tumca sasurvelia ase iyos. yvelaze meti sirTule, romelsac waawydnen, gamowveuli iyo rekognoscirebis ZalTa arazustad gamoyenebis gamo. ratom ganaxorcieles Zalebma RamiT marSireba SveulmfrenTa savele Tavmoyris raionSi? jalalabads aqvs sakmaod kargi aerodromi. 56-e calkeul sahaero-moieriSe brigadas SeeZlo gafreniliyo gardezidan jalalabadisken da ganTavsebuliyo jalalabadis aerodromze. rogorc Cans, maT unda efrinaT marSrutze xmeleTTan axlos da moulodnelobis efeqti gamoeweviaT. sabWoTa kavSirma Tavisi sahaero ieriSebis taqtika da xerxebi swrafad gamoiyena avRaneTSi. sabWoTa sistema srulad eyrdnoboda SveulfrenTa manevrirebas, rac Caanacvlebda mobilurobas. maTi azriT, mobiluroba ver ganxorcieldeboda tankebiTa da javSanteqnikiT avRaneTis rTul reliefze. javSanteqnikis gadaadgileba SezRuduli iyo gzebsa da dablobebze. sabWoTa qveiTi Zala naklebad motivirebuli axalwveulebisgan Sedgeboda, romlebsac ar hqondaT survili SebrZolebodnen Tavdadebul da motivirebul mojahedebs. mZimed aRWurvili sabWoTa Sveulmfrenebi mniSvnelovani Zala iyo omSi. maTi -24 sistemas tipis warmoadgenda, sistemebi romelic yvelaze efeqtur SearaRebis mojahedebis moqmedebis gamoiyneboda Tavisuflad

winaaRmdeg 1988 wlamde, roca ..stingeris gadasatani ,,xmeleTi-haeris saraketo zRudavdnen SesaZleblobas winaaRmdegobiT savse raionebSi. sabWoTa samxedro Zala avRaneTSi mimdinare moqmedebebSi didi siamovnebiT CarTavda met Sveulmfrens, Tumca, teqmomsaxurebis Senobebis nakleboba, gazrdili logistikuri moTxovnebi da usafrTxo bazebis simcire amis saSualebas ar iZleoda. maT ar SeswvdaT Zala, ufro meti logistikuri da fsiqologiuri Zalisxmeva hqonodaT omSi.

Tavi 4
Tavdacva da usafrTxoebis saguSagoebi avRaneTSi gadadiodnen sabWoTa da adgilobrivi ris saxelisuflo gamoc Zalebi iSviaTad omidan

TavdacviT

operaciebze,

avRaneTis

Tavdacvis mxolod mcire gamocdileba gagvaCnia. es ramdenime faqtoriT iyo gamowveuli: ar arsebobda brZolis mudmivi wina xazi; Cveni amocana iyo dagvemarcxebina partizanuli Zalebi; mojahedTa brZolis xasiaTi ,,dartyma da gaqceva iyo; Cven ki mowinaaRmdegeze gagvaCnda aSkara xarisxobrivi da raodenobrivi upiratesoba, qvedanayofebiT, aRWurvilobiTa da tyvia-wamliT. Cven Tavdacvas ZalebiT, rogoricaa oceulebi, vaxorcielebdiT da iseTi qyedanayofebis swored isini aseulebi batalionebi;

gadadiodnen TavdacviT moqmedebebze.80 magram sabrZolo gamocdilebam dagvanaxa, rom usafrTxoebis dacvis kargad organizebul bazebis dadebiTi Tu moqmedebebs mier sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda avRaneTis sxvadasxva regionebsa Tu samxedro mohqonda terotoriebis, ganxorcielebul da qalaqebSi ganlagebuli Cveni yoveldRiur moqmedebebSi. dacvis sxva

mojahedebTan brZolis dros efeqturad organizebul usafrTxoebas yovelTvis Sedegebi gvexmareboda aerodromebis, xeobebis, konvoebis da uzrunvelyofasa garnizonebis, punqtebis, eleqtrosadgurebis

gadamcemi

gvirabebisa

mniSvnelovani raionebis mojahedebisgan gawmendaSi.

80

sabWoTa jari Tavdacvis poziciebsa da usafrTxoebis saguSagoebs Soris did

gansxvavebas xedavs. isini Tavs icaven, rodesac uSualo safrTxis winaSe imyofebian an roca ZalTa Tanafardoba maT sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebs. usafrTxoebis saguSagoebi ki maTTvis kontrolis zomaa, romelic Tavis TavSi aerTianebs Tavdacvis zomebs, rogorc sabrZolo gamaZliereblebs (red.).

motomsroleli oceuli axorcielebs Tavdacvas sofel iurmis gareT avt. maiori s.m. miliuki81 1980 wlis agvistoSi sofel baharakTan ikribeboda didi partizanuli Zala. es sofeli faizbadTan axlos, badaxSanis provinciaSi mdebareobs. faizbadsa da mis mimdebare raionebSi ganlagebuli iyo kidev erTi, calkeuli motomsrolelTa polki, romlis elementebic provinciaSi stabilobasaA da kontrols uzrunvelyofdnen. imis gamo, rom polks unda gaekontrolebina farTo raioni, is or bazad gaiyo erTi gamagrda sofel baharakSi (faizbadidan gareubnebSi. imyofeboda.
82

60

kilometris

moSorebiT), batalioni

xolo kvlav

meore

faizbadis kavSirSi

polkis

satanko

sabWoTa

polkis meTaurma gadawyvita faizbadis garSemo arsebul mTebSi gaenadgurebina mowinaaRmdege da Semdeg sofel iurmisken daZruliyo, alyaSi moeqcia da gaenadgurebina iq Sekrebili partizanuli Zalebic. imisaTvis, rom polkis sabrZolo raionSi Sesvla droulad momxdariyo, Cemi oceuli gaigzavna gzis ramdenime monakveTisa da mdinare koxCaze arsebuli xidis SesakeTeblad, romelic dangreuli iyo. (aRniSnuli amocanis Sesasruleblad Cemi oceuli sruli SemadgenlobiT ar iyo, radgan qveiTi msrolelebi sxva davalebebze iyvnen gagzavnilni). Tavad ki damrCa mxolod sami M (qveiTTa sabrZolo manqana) da maTi ekipaJebi. qvedanayofis darCenili nawilis mxardasaWerad momamagres 20 avRaneli jariskaci ori satvirTo manqaniTa me da erTi buldozeriT. aRniSnuli amocanisTvis Cveni mosamzadeblad gansakuTrebul yuradRebas vaqcevdi

manqanebisa da SeiaraRebis teqnikur momsaxurebas da maTze 72 saaTis samyofi sabrZolo maragi davtvirTe. 3 agvistos me gavuZexi Cems ,,mravalferovan Zalebs raionisken, romelic iurmis dasavleTiT, ornaxevar kilomentrSi mdebareobda da sadac dangreuli xidi iyo SesakeTebeli. mimdebare mowinaaRmdeges
81

teritoriebis gaaCnda

swrafma kargad

daTvalierebam

cxadyo,

rom

SemuSavebuli

Tavdacvis

gegma

s.v. miliuki ocmeTaurad 1980 wlis ianvridan 1981 ivnisamde msaxurobda. igi dajildoebuli iyo pirveli klasis medliT ,,SesaniSnavi samxedro samsaxurisTvis. 82 faizbadSi ganlagebuli iyo 860-e msroleli qvedanayofi. misi pirveli batalioni ganlagebuli iyo xamrabadSi (baharakSi) da mogvianebiT misi mesame batalioni _ kiSimSi. mocemul moqmedebebi xorcieldeboda pirveli batalionis samoqmedo raionSi. (red.).

sofelSi savaraudo SemosasvlelebTan. me gadavwyvite SegvemuSavebina perimetris davixmare, dacva da Zalebs vubrZane daewyoT da samanqano Tu individualuri sabrZolo poziciebis momzadeba. buldozeri am samuSaoebSi magram buldozeris mZRolebma adgilobrivma mcxovreblebma, romlebic gzis (da xidis) SekeTebaSi gvexmarebodnen, kategoriuli uari Tqves CvenTan erTad mTeli Rame darCenaze da sofel baharakSi dabrundnen. Cven oTxi saaTis ganmavlobaSi Tavad amovTxareT individualuri Tu samanqano sabrZolo poziciebi da me avRaneli jariskacebi manqanebs Soris arsebul poziciebze gadavanawile. Cveni sabrZolo poziciebi wriuli ganlagebisa saSualebas iyo da WebiviT cecxli gamoiyureboda. 360 gradusiT amgvari ganlageba da aseve, gvaZlevda gagvexsna

jariskacebisTvis uzrunvelyofda Tavisufal adgils Sesasveneblad.

ruka 27: msroleli oceuli axorcielebs Tavdacvas sofel iurmis gareT Cven rodesac RamiT da poziciebi qvebiTa da TixiT gavamagreT. bindbundSi, Cemi sabrZolo Cveni

manqanebis ekipaJebi manamdec namyofi iyvnen brZolaSi. Sesabamisad, mowinaaRmdegem, amisTvis saRamos daiwyo poziciebis saartilerio cecxldaSena, mZRolebmac
83

maT icodnen rogor gaexsnaT cecxli iyvnen. satvirTo da manqanebis daexmarnen manqanebi

momzadebulebic dros daqoqes

Sesaferis

msrolelebs.83 Cemi sabrZolo manqanebis meTaurebi gareT idgnen da

gamoyenebis dros -s eleqtroenergiaze dafuZnebul antenas swrafad SeuZlia manqanis energiis amowurva. amis gamo, brZolis dros -s Zrava unda iyos muSa mdgomareobaSi, raTa elementi damuxtul mdgomareobaSi SeinarCunos da

msrolelebs

cecxlis

koreqtirebaSi

exmarebodnen

mgezavi

tyviebis

gamoyenebiT. isini maT interkomis qseliT ukavSirdebodnen, risTvisac iyenebdnen 10m-ian damagrZelebel kabelebs, romlebic mierTebuli iyo Cafxutebsa da interkomis xelsawyoze. Semtevma mowinaaRmdegem sabolood gamTeniisas daixia ukan, Tumca bolo wuTamde ar Seucvlia Cemi poziciebis darbevis Canafiqri. es Semdeg Rames dadasturda, rodesac mowinaaRmdegem cecxli ganaaxla. drom, romlis mogebac Cven movaxerxeT, saSualeba momca detaluri brZanebebi gameca daqvemdebarebulTaTvis da momexdina maTTan koordinacia. dRis sinaTleze Cven davnaRmeT Cvens poziciebTan moaxloebis raioni da movawyveT manaTobeli maxeebi, 84 aseve vimuSaveT gzebisa da xidebis SekeTebaze. mowinaaRmdege Cveni Tavdacvis winaaRmdeg sxvadasxva xrikebs iyenebda. magaliTad, meore dRes rigiTma tagirovma SeniSna, rom xidze samoqalaqo formaSi gadacmuli mcire dajgufeba gadadioda da virebiT gaurkveveli tvirTi gadahqonda. man aseve SeniSna, rom xis xidze gadasvlisas tvirTis erT-erTi fuTidan siTxe wveTavda. gamoZiebis Sedegad Cven davadgineT, rom es siTxe benzini iyo. Cven xidi wyliT gadavrecxeT da qviSiT davfareT. imave Rames mowinaaRmdegem xids mravali cecxlgamCeni naRmi esrola, magram ver SeZlo masze xanZris gaCena. frunzes akademiis komentari: usafrTxoebis ZalTa sworma

organizebam da aucilebeli zomebis droulad miRebam

msrolelTa oceuls

SesaZlebloba misca warmatebiT moegeriebina mojahedebis Seteva. redaqtoris komentari: xidisa da gzebis SekeTeba iseTi amocanaa, romelsac dasavlur samxedro ZalebSi, Cveulebriv, sainJinro qvedanayofs daavalebdnen. msrolelTa mocemul SemTxvevaSi, imave romlis amocanis Sesrulebas ocmeTauri xelmZRvanelobs, daqvemdebarebaSic

avRaneli jariskacebi da samoqalaqoebic arian. igi aSkarad kargad arTmevs Tavs am amocanas.

antenas miawodos Sesabamisi Zabva (gamomc.). 84 sabWoTa manaTobeli maxeebi ar aris mxolod saxmeleTo maxeebi, romlebic garkveul raions anaTeben. maT gaaCnia mravali feris mwvane, yviTeli da wiTeli raketebi, romlebic aiWreba haerSi da stvenis xmas gamocems. amgvari manaTobeli (ufro zustad ki gamafrTxilebeli signalis momcemi) maxeebi Rrma Zilis moyvaruli guSagis yuradRebasac ki miipyrobs mravali saxis ganaTebiTa Tu sastvenebiT (gamomc.).

Cveulebriv, seqtoramde. agebuli.

TavdacvaSi,

javSnian

elementebs am jgufebze

toveben mTeli

rezervSi,

rogorc mobilur jgufebs, romelTac SeuZliaT swrafad mividnen saxifaTo mocemul SemTxvevaSi Tavdacvaa

aRweril scenaSi ocmeTauri adgilmdebareobis bunebriv SemaRlebas ar iyenebs TavdacvisTvis, aramed tovebs mas sakuTari perimetris gareT. SesaZloa amgvari gadawyvetileba imitom miiRo, rom SemaRlebaze manqanebs ver ganaTavsebda an iq ganTavsebis SemTxvevaSi manqanis meTaurebi erTmaneTs mxardaWeras ver gauwevdnen. miuxedavad amisa, aRsaniSnavia moawyo. is faqti, rom man aseT mniSvnelovan, dominantur adgilmdebareobaze usafrTxoebis saguSago an saTvalTvalo punqtic ki ar

usafrTxoebis gare saguSagos (mowinave saguSagos) mowyoba qabulis gareubnebSi avt. maiori s.v. moskini85 1982 wlis maisis dasasruls mowinaaRmdegis diversiuli /sadazvervo jgufebi sabWoTa armiis samxedro bazebis winaaRmdeg axorcielebdnen moqmedebebs. kerZod ki, maT samiznes me-40 armiis Stabi warmoadgenda. partizanuli Zalebis meTaurebma ganacxades, rom isini Stabebs uaxloes momavalSi gaanadgurebdnen. Sesabamisad, umaRlesma meTaurobam Stabebis Tavdacvisa da usafrTxoebis gegmebis ganaxleba gadawyvita. Sedegad, maiorma avramenkom, Cemi batalionis meTaurma, gadawyvita Camoeyalibebina dacvis axali saguSago, romlSic CarTuli iqneboda Cemi msroleli oceuli sami TPisa da 28 kacis SemadgenlobiT 86. garda amisa, Cems oceuls mxardaWeras uwevda ori -17 da sami -s tipis tyviamfrqvevi RamiT xedvis xelsawyoTi; Ramis saaTebSi TvalTvalis gansaxorcieleblad Cven aseve miviReT RamiT xedvis mowyobilobebi. samoqmedo raionSi movida inJinerTa eqskavatoric, romelmac 72 saaTSi amoTxara sawyisi da saTadarigo sacecxle poziciebi Cemi TP-isaA da jariskacebisTvis, xolo Semdeg _ am poziciebs Soris damakavSirebeli Rrma sangrebic. Cven mewinave poziciebTan, usafrTxoebis saguSagoebis flangebze, gavamzadeT saidumlo samalavebi Cveni tyviamfrqvevebis ekipaJebisTvis. Cven gavakeTeT saTvalTvalo punqtic, romlidanac SesaZlebeli iyo mTeli samoqmedo raionis kargad danaxva, xolo cecxlis ukeTesi koordinaciisTvis gamoviyeneT vizualuri kavSiris saSualebebi saidumlo samalavebsa da saTvalTvalo punqts Soris. mTeli usafrTxoebis perimetris garSemo gavakeTeT mavTulxlarTis Robe, mavTulxlarTs or rigs Soris monakveTi ki davnaRmeT (naRmebi iyo feTqebadi rogorc zewolis, ise nebismieri saSualebas
85

sxva

saxis

zemoqmedebaze). maxeebi da gvqonoda kavSiri

mavTulebis batalionis

moSorebiT xazebi, rac meTaurTan,

davamontaJeT

sasignalo

kavSirgabmulobis

mogvcemda

s.v. moskini avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRuduli kontingentis ocmeTaurad 108-e msroleli diviziis, 180-e msroleli polkis, I i msroleli batalionis II aseulis II (qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanebi). (redaqtori.)

1980 wlis seqtembridan 1982 wlis noembramde msaxurobda.

86

oceuli. I da II batalionebs hyavdaT -ebi (javSntransportiori), xolo III batalions _

-ebi

momijnave satanko oceulTan da armiis Stabis morige oficerTan. Cemi saguSago ki ise movawyve, rom Cemi jariskacebis ori mesamedi Ramis, xolo erTi mesamedi dRis morigeobaSi iyo. TiToeul jariskacs hqonda individualuri SemTxvevaSi. 1982 wlis seqtemberSi Cven CavaxSeT mowinaaRmdegis diversiuli/sadazvervo jgufis mcdeloba SeWriliyo armiis Stabis mimarTulebiT. am provokacias win uZRoda Cveni poziciebis mimarTulebiT mojahedebis mier naRmsatyorcnebidan cecxlis gaxsna. erTi dRiT adre ki maT danaRmul velze cxvris didi faris SemoSvebiT dazveres Cven mier gakeTebuli dabrkolebebi. Semdeg Rames mojahedebma damSrali mdinaris kalapotisa da sairigacio moxvdnen, arxebis saSualebiT armiis da StabSi Cxrekis scades SeWra. Cven movaxerxeT ori mojahedis likvidacia, romlebic Cvens danaRmul velze cxedrebi ganvaiaraReT Sedegad movipoveT garkveuli dokumentebi. sabrZolo davaleba da instruqtaJi safrTxis gamoCenis

ruka 28: usafrTxoebis gare saguSagoebis ganlageba qabulis gareubnebSi frunzes akademiis komentari: am SemTxvevaSic, mojahedebis mier armiis Stabze Setevis ganxorcielebisas, igive ganmeorda; maTi diversiuli/sadazvervo jgufebis Semdgomi mcdelobebi warumatebeli aRmoCnda armiis Stabis usafrTxoebisTvis winaswar dagegmili, kargad gaTvlili zomebis miRebis Sedegad, romelTa Soris iyo mowinaaRmdegis moaxloebis marSrutebze usafrTxoebis gare saguSagos mowyoba. redaqtoris komentari: imis gamo, rom sabWoTa jaris wvrTnebSi

aSkara upiratesoba Setevis ganxorcielebis swavlebas eniWeba, isini

iSviaTad iwvrTnebian TavdacvisTvis. maTi Tavdacva TiTqos ,,Cajeqi bunkerSi da daelodes principze iyo agebuli maSin, roca ufro metad patrulirebis, moZravi da meqanikuri iyo Casafrebebis an agresiuli mentaliteti roca rekognoscirebis yvela ganxorcieleba mxolod mosalodneli. policiam aseTi

gansakuTrebiT RamiT iCenda Tavs. mocemul situaciaSi RamiT Catarebuli patrulireba avRaneTis ganaxorciela. qvedanayofi ase gulmodginedaa gamagrebuli, Znelia Ggadaiyvano is agresiul moqmedebebze, seriozuli gadafasebebisa da xelaxali wvrTnis gareSe. am qvedanayofs TiTqos bunkeruli mentaliteti aqvs.

usafrTxoebis saguSagoze ganxorcielebuli reidis mogerieba avt. maiori i.a. egiazarovi87 1982 wlis meore naxevris ganmavlobaSi sardlobam gadawyvita panSeris dablobSi arsebul qalaq ruxaSi gaeZlierebina da gaefarTovebina avRaneTis momxdariyo mTavrobis panSeris Zalaufleba. dablobSi maTi gadawyvetilebiT, im es unda kursis Catarebul operaciaTa

ganmavlobaSi, romelSic CarTuli iyo avRaneTis saxelmwifo Zalebi da sabWoTa specdaniSnulebis razmi (e.w. ,,specnazi). avRaneTis armias ukve gaaCnda usafrTxoebis saguSagoebi ruxas garSemo arsebuli adgilmdebareobis mniSvnelovan SemaRlebebze, magram es saguSagoeb iyo Zalze susti. maTi funqcionirebisTvis ar iyo jariskacTa sakmarisi raodenoba da msxvilkalibriani iaraRi, avRanel jariskacebs ki ar gaaCndaT sabrZolo suliskveTeba. umaRlesma sardlobam gadawyvita gaeZlierebina arsebuli saguSagoebi da daematebina axlebic, romlebzec mimagrebuli iqnebodnen specdaniSnulebis razmis jariskacebi. 88 amgvarad, 13 ivniss me miviRe brZaneba Cemi 31-e specdaniSnulebis razmis jgufi gameyvana mdinare panSeris 89 erT mxares arsebuli simaRleebis dasakaveblad, xolo mdinaris gadaswvriv ZalTa danarCeni nawili iyo ganTavsebuli. im droisTvis leitenanti viyavi. Cems meTaurs surda Semeqmna saTvalTvalo punqti da Tvalyuri medevnebina mojahedebis moqmedebebisTvis mariStanis dasaxlebaSi. es gegma, ra Tqma unda, mowinaaRmdegesac ar miscemda saSualebas Tavad ganexorcielebina Cveni saguSagoebis dazverva an batalionze moulodneli Tavdasxma ganexorcielebina.
87

i.a. egiazarovi avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRuduli kontingentiSi 1982 wlidan

1984 wlamde msaxurobda, rogorc specdaniSnulebis razmis jgufis meTauri. igi dajildovebuli iyo medliT ,,samxedro damsaxurebebiTvis.
88

specdaniSnulebis razmis qvedanayofi batalionis meTaurobas utoldeba,

miuxedavad imisa, rom misi piradi Semadgenloba 100 kacze naklebi iyo. maT zogjer specdaniSnulebis razmi aseulebs uwodeben. specdaniSnulebis razmis pirad Semadgnelobas 15-16-kaciani jgufi an naklebic ki, warmoadgenda; zogjer es jgufebi mxolod 4 kacisgan Sedgeboda, romlebsac aseve specdaniSnulebis razmis oceulebs uwodebdnen. (gamomc).
89

177-e qvedanayofis 31-e specdaniSnulebis razmis jgufi. (redaqtori)

Cemi 31-e specdaniSnulebis razmis razmis rekognoscirebis jgufi 15 kacisagan Sedgeboda. mcirekalibriani iaraRis garda Cven gvqonda ori avtomaturi yumbarsatyorcni, erTi msxvilkalibriani tyviamfrqvevi da erTi 82 mm-iani yumbarsatyorcni. Cven mxardaWeras gviwevda saartilerio batarea (romelic specdaniSnulebis razmis momagrebul Zalebs ekuTvnoda). Cven mowinaaRmdegis mxridan moqmedebebis dawyebas 15 an 16 ivlisisTvis velodebodiT, romlebSic, SesaZloa, usafrTxoebis saguSagoebze igegmeboda. Cven mwvervali (simaRle) 15 ivliss davikaveT da gamagreba daviwyeT. Cveni gegma Semdegi iyo: pirveli - mogvemzadebina sacecxle poziciebi da Camogveyalibebina erToblivi, yovlismomcveli sacecxle gegma; meore poziciebi gagveZlierebina adgilze arsebuli masalebiT ise, rom maqsimalurad SevrwymodiT bunebriv safars da jarebisTvis agvego daculi TavSesafari; mesame qvebisa da Tixisagan Segveqmna gamagrebuli saTvalTvalo punqtebi; meoTxe dagvenaRma saguSagoebTan moaxloebis marSrutebi; mexuTe mimdebare gzebze gagvekeTebina dafaruli, webovani dabrkolebebi;90 meeqvse SegvemuSavebina TvalTvalisa da usafrTxoebis organizebuli grafiki. sami jariskaci dRisiT, xolo eqvsi RamiT yovelTvis iyo saguSagoze. momaragebis qvedanayofi tyvia-wamliTa da sakvebiT yovel sam dReSi erTxel gvamaragebda. 18 ivliss, daaxloebiT 18:30-ze Cven vsadilobdiT da meTvalyureobac modunebuli iyo. (savaraudod, Cemma meTvalyureebmac Cemi nebarTvis gareSe gadawyvites sadiloba). am dros mowinaaRmdege 10 metris radiusSi moipara Cvens TavdacviT poziciebTan da erTdroulad gaxsna cecxli sami -s tipis msxvilkalibriani tyviamfrqvevidan ,,Savi gorakisa da eSviani mTis poziciebze. Cemi jariskacebi Tvalis daxamxamebaSi aRmoCndnen daculi TavSesafris kedlebs miRma. meamboxeebs mtkice upiratesoba moepovebinaT, Setevas ganagrZobdnen da win gadaadgilebasTan erTad, xelyumbarebsac isrodnen. mojahedebs, Cvens perimetrTan moaxloebisas
90

Setevac

sabWoTa jarSi gamoyenebuli webovani dabrkolebebi gansxvavdeba

dasavlurisagan. is aris ufro didi zomis, SekumSuli, kargi xarisxis zambaris gamoyenebiT gakeTebuli xafangi. igi migdebul saTamaSos waagavs. masze dadgomis Semdeg zambara yvela mxridan amoiSleba da SeuZlia adgilze gaaCeros qveiTi jariskaci, cxovelebi, manqanebi da tankic ki. amgvari maxidan didi zomis mavTulsaWrelebis, mkvnetavebis da didi drois kargvis gareSe ver daixsniT Tavs, es TiTqmis SeuZlebelia amgvar dabrkolebebs, Znelad SesamCnev dabrkolebebs uwodeben. (redaqtori.)

Cveni TavdacviTi zomebi daxvdaT win. isini webovan gzaze SeCerdnen. am maxem Seasusta maTi Seteva da Cven mogveca saSualeba samalavebidan cecxlis gaxsniT gagvenadgurebina isini. mowinaaRmdegem aRniSnul gzaze oTxi cxedari datova. danarCenebma, -s cecxliT dafarvis qveS moaxerxes ukan daxeva. Cveni qvedanayofidan aravin daSavebula. redaqtoris komentari: elitarul ZalebSic ki, da zogjer

gansakuTrebulad swored am ZalebSi, meTauri xSirad unda imyofebodes sakuTar pirad SemadgenlobasTan, raTa darwmundes, rom isini fxizlad arian da asruleben TavianT davalebebs. mocemul SemTxvevaSi jariskacebis udardelobam TiTqmis ganadgurebamde miiyvana saTvalTvalo punqtebi mocemul situaciaSi artileriis batarea SesaZloa specdaniSnulebis razmis momagrebuli garkveuli nawili yofiliyo, romelic iyo amave situaciaSi msrolelTa operaciebis raionSi moqmedebda, radgan artileriis samoqmedo gegmis nawili SemuSavebuli msrolelTa moqmedebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. sabWoTa webovani dabrkolebebis gakeTebis meTodi Zalze efeqturi aRmoCnda, Tumca misi gamoyeneba ar ucdiaT dasavlur samxedro Zalebs. SesaZloa es maTTvisac Sedegiani gamodges.

ruka 29: usafrTxoebis saguSagoze ganxorcielebuli reidis mogerieba

mobiluri usafrTxoebis patruli sabrZolo moqmedebebSi, sofel kandaranTan axlos avt. vice-polkovniki f.z. Jitoriuki91 1985 wlis aprilSi I batalions, romelsac me vmeTaurobdi, daevala

dacvisa da usafrTxoebis amocanebis ganxorcieleba Cems polkTan arsebul 65 kilometrian termez-qabulis gzatkecilze. Cemi batalioni gaZlierebuli iyo satanko aseulisa da saartilerio batareis saSualebiT. Cemi amocana iyo Cemi pasuxismgeblobis raionSi Tavisuflad moZravi sabWoTa da avRanuri konvoebis gadaadgilebis kontroli da gazsadenis, xidebisa Tu gzatkecilis monakveTebis dazianebisgan dacva. Cemi polkis meTaurma92 amocanisTvis mobiluri usafrTxoebis 14 patrulis gaSveba da usafrTxoebis 23 saguSagos Seqmna moiTxova. mobiluri usafrTxoebis patrulis funqciis Sesruleba gaZlierebuli msrolel oceuls SeuZlia. i msrolelTa aseuli ki, Cveulebriv, mobiluri usafrTxoebis or-sam patrulirebas axorcielebs da xuT-eqvs usafrTxoebis saguSagos qmnis. me Zalebi patrulze gasvlisa da saguSagoebis Seqmnis amocanebisTvis davyavi da rezervic davitove im SemTxvevisTvis, Tu mojahedebisTvis Tavad momiwevda winaaRmdegobis gaweva. mobiluri usafrTxoebis patruli #31 iyo yvelaze didi zomis patruli, radgan me masSi gavaerTiane sameTauro/saTvalTvalo punqtebi. patrulSi Sedioda 193 jariskaci Cemi batalionis sameTauro jgufis, kavSirgabmulobis oceulis, naRmmtyocnelTa batareis I sacecxle oceulis, satanko aseulis (erTi oceulis gamoklebiT), saartilerio batareisa (sacecxle oceulis gamoklebiT) da batalionis rekognoscirebis oceulis CaTvliT. Cemi batalionis pasuxismgeblobis raionSi moqmedebda daaxloebiT 500-kaciani partizanuli Zala. isini SeiaraRebuli iyvnen 82 m-iani da naRmsatyorcnebiT, SaSxanebiT, msxvilkalibriani tyviamfrqvevebiTa

mravali mcirekalibriani iaraRiT. 16-dan 21 aprilamde Cveni divizia monawileobas iRebda am regionSi partizanuli partizanebis mogvawoda Zalebis ganadgurebis swrafad sofel operaciebSi. davafiqsireT. yandaRanTan operaciebis dazvervis dainaxa Semdeg agentma naRmebis monawile qvedanayofebi da elementebi sakuTar bazebs ubrundebodnen. moqmedebebi informacia, rom

dammontaJebeli, romelic daWrili iyo. es pirovneba gawvrTnili iyo sxva

91 92

f.v. Jitoriuki 1985 wels, batalionis meTaurad msaxurobda. savaraudod 108-e msroleli diviziis 177-e msrolelTa polki. (red.)

qveynis samsaxurebis mier. ori moRalate rusi jariskaci ki, romlebic mojahedebis mxares 1981 da 1983 wlebSi gadavidnen, daWrils icavda. me gadavwyvite 22-23 aprilis Rames sofeli alyaSi momeqcia da gamenadgurebina mowinaaRmdege. am amocanisTvis movamzade rekognoscirebis oceuli, msrolelTa me-3 aseulis pirveli oceuli da garkveuli raodenobis Zala avRanuri ,,sarandois batalionidan. mTlianobaSi, jgufSi iyo 73 jariskaci, 4 tanki, 8 da 2 -is tipis avtomaturi naRmsatyorcni. Cven aseve mxardaWeras gviwevda saartilerio batarea. 23 aprils, 01:00 saaTze milsadenis gaswvriv xuT-xuTi kacisgan Semdgari ori jgufi ganlagda. maT milsadenze momuSave personalis formebi ecvaT da gadaadgilebisas Sesabamisi aRWurviloba dahqondaT Tan, TiTqos milsadens amowmebdnen da imave dros, samizne obieqtisken ikvalavdnen gzas. sibneleSi maT miaRwies saWiro adgilebs da daikaves sacecxle poziciebi. 04:00 saaTze usafrTxoebis mobiluri patruli #31, nislis wyalobiT, swrafad ganlagda kandaranSi. maT dablokes xeobis misadgomebi da soflis Sesasvleli, datoves transporti da xaziseburi wyobiT daiwyes soflis wmenda. sabWoTa qvedanayofebsa da avRanur Zalebs Soris arsebulma zustma koordinaciam saSualeba mogvca brZola minimaluri raodenobis daSavebulebiT dagvesrulebina. Cven movkaliT 3 mojahedi da davatyveveT 16. tyveebs Soris iyvnen said mansuris mcvelebi, CrdiloeT provinciebSi partizanuli moZraobis mniSvnelovani rgolis meTauri da naRmebis daWrili dammontaJebeli. isvenebdnen da mogvianebiT Cveni SevityveT, rom mojahedebi sofelSi da qvedanayofebis moqmedebis moulodneli

arastandartuli xasiaTis gamo, veRar SesZles winaaRmdegobis gaweva. redaqtoris komentari: naRmebis erTi dammontaJeblisa da misi mcvelebis asayvanad namdvilad didi Zala gamoiyenes. SesaZloa amgvari qmedebis ZiriTadi Canafiqri moRalateTa Sepyroba an ganadgureba iyo. sainteresoa, rom maTi bedi SemdgomSi aRar aris naxsenebi.

ruka 30: sofel kandaranis alyaSi moqceva da wmenda

mobiluri usafrTxoebis patruli xinjanis xeobaSi anadgurebs amboxebulTa Zalebs avt. f.v. Jitoriuki93 mobiluri usafrTxoebis patrulis erT-erTi yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli

qmedeba aRwerilia maT mier naimas amboxebuli Zalebis ganadgurebis scenaSi. aRniSnuli Zala Sedgeboda 15 kacisagan, romlebic ori -2 tipis tanksawinaaRmdego tyviamfrqveviT, yumbarsatyorcniT, SaSxaniT da -s tipis msxvilkalibriani -is sistemis snaiperuli ramdenime

avtomaturi iaraRiT iyvnen SeiaraRebuli. 1986 wlis 12 marts Cemi batalioni usafrTxoebis amocanebs axorcielebda, rodesac me miviRe moxseneba, rom javSnian sadazvervo-sadesanto manqanas -s, romelic adgilobriv ,,sarandois batalions ekuTvnoda, xinjanis xeobaSi cecxli hqonda gaxsnili. es adgili axlos iyo im raionTan, sadac muSaobda Cemi mobiluri patruli #32. me, Cemi me-2 msroleli aseulis meTaurs, v.p. iusovs vubrZane waeyvana rezervSi darCenili jariskacebi (8 jariskaci ori -iT) da daezvera mowinaaRmdege. ormoci wuTis Semdeg kapitanma iusovma momaxsena, rom mowinaaRmdege namdvilad isroda mcirekalibriani iaraRidan da yumbarsatyorcnebidan. Cemi rekognoscirebis oceulic mzadyofnaSi iyo da maT brZolis raionisken manqanebiT gadaadgileba vubrZane. Cemi gegmiT, kapitani iusovi rezervis jariskacebTan erTad mojahedebs xeobaSi moimwyvdevda manam, sanam rekognoscirebis oceuli or nawilad gaiyofoda, xeobis Semogarens daikavebda da zurgidan Seutevda mowinaaRmdeges, ukan daxevis mcdelobisas ki gaanadgurebda mas. amgvari gegma adgilmdebareobis zedmiwevniT kargad codnas, mowinaaRmdegis Zalebis Semadgenlobisa da mdebareobis dasazverad ori -8 tipis Sveulmfrenis (romlebic imave raionSi imyofebodnen) gagzavnasa da mojahedebis 20-25 alyaSi mosaqcevad Tu gasanadgureblad sakmarisi sabrZolo Zalis arsebobas saWiroebda. moqmedebis dawyebidan wuTis Semdeg maiorma a.g.kravetsma, Cemma moadgilem politikis sakiTxebSi, momaxsena, rom Cven CaverTeT brZolaSi da vflobdiT upiratesobas, romlis Sedegadac

93

f.v. Jitoriuki avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRuduli kontingentSi

1985 wels, batalionis meTaurad msaxurobda. (es aris imave avtoris gadmocemuli bolo scena. (red)).

gavanadgureT 13 kaci da davatyveveT ori. amasTan erTad, movipoveT 2 yumbarsatyorcni, erTi tyviamfrqvevi, 8 saieriSo SaSxana da 2 SaSxana. frunzes akademiis komentari: mocemuli magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom gadamwyvet, arastandartul moqmedebas, adgilmdebareobis kargad codnasa da dazvervis sworad organizebas namdvilad moaqvs warmateba. redaqtoris komentari: bolo ori situaciis magaliTze kargad Cans batalionis meTauris pozitiuri, agresiuli qmedeba mis mier mowinaaRmdegis povnis, SeCerebisa da ganadgurebisas. zemoT xsenebuli scenebi aris swori moqmedebis klasikuri magaliTebi. sabWoTa Zalebi, rogorc Cans, gadamwyvet momentebSi sakmaod warmatebiT adgendnen da iyenebdnen Sereul, saerTo-sajariso Zalebs. amgvari taqtikuri, moqnili sabWoTa batalionis meTauris mxridan miRebis mcdelobac ki gadawyvetilebebis

gabeduli nabijia. cinikurad isic ki SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sabWoTa meTaurs generlebis aryofnaSi idealurad SeuZlia moqmedeba. gzis usafrTxoebis elementebi metad agresiulebi da aqtiurebi iyvnen, vidre saguSagoebze maTive damxmare Zala. aSkaraa, rom agresiulobis SesanarCuneblad jobda meTaurs mobiluri da fiqsirebul saguSagoebze arsebuli jgufebis monacvleoba moexdina.

ruka 31: naimas Zalebis ganadgureba

mojahedebis mier panSeris dablobze usafrTxoebis qvedanayofze ganxorcielebuli Setevis mogerieba avt. vice-polkovniki v.g. serebriakovi94 1986 wlis agvistoSi Cems batalions davalebuli hqonda panSeris dablobis gzebis usafrTxoebis dacva. am amocanis Sesasruleblad Cemi batalioni davyavi mobiluri usafrTxoebis patrulis jgufebad da usafrTxoebis saguSagoebis dasakavebel man Zalebad. Zala me gavanawile isini marSrutis gaanawila, gaswvriv. erT-erT mobiluri usafrTxoebis patruls leitenanti i.b. tiubekini xelmZRvanelobda. Tavisi perimetris dacvaze gaaTxrevina sangrebi da, ramdenadac resursebi uwyobda xels, Seqmna gaZlierebuli poziciebi, Camoayaliba urTierTgadamkveTi da koordinirebuli sacecxle gegma da danaRma #13 saguSagos miaxloebis marSrutebi. mTlianobaSi misi mobiluri usafrTxoebis patruli 13 jariskacisgan Sedgeboda. mojahedebisTvis cnobili iyo, rom mobiluri patruli mcire raodenobis axalwveulebisgan Sedgeboda da maT poziciebze Seteva scades. 4 agvistos, 17:15 saaTze isini qvedanayofs mouaxlovdnen. mojahedebma cecxli 82mmiani naRmsatyorcnidan, 12.7 mm-iani -is msxvilkalibriani tyviamfrqvevidan da -17 avtomaturi yumbarsatyorcnidan gaxsnes. axlomdebare simaRleebidan gaxsnilma snaiperis cecxlma Zalebi erT adgilas SeaCera da gaarTula erTi seqtoridan meoreSi gadaadgileba. Cveni patrulis mxridan Semcirebuli cecxlis gamo mojahedebs saSualeba miecaT SaSxanebis gamoyenebiT danaRmuli adgilebic aefeTqebinaT (danaRmuli veli rukaze ar aris naCvenebi). mowinaaRmdege ukve xelyumbaris moqmedebis siSoreze imyofeboda. haubicebis batarea, romelsac kapitani s.a. ivanovi xelmZRvanelobda da masTan erTad TviTmavali haubicebis oceuli, Cveni qvedanayofis mxardasaWerad isrodnen. imavdroulad, Camowolilma nislma da bindma SezRuda xedvis unari da maTi mxardaWera naklebad efeqturi gaxda. Cemi aseulis erT-erT meTaurs, kapitan lavrentievs, ukve oTxi -s rezervi mohyavda qvedanayofisken, rodesac leitenantma tiubekinma saartilerio cecxli sakuTar poziciebze gamoiZaxa. Cven maTi saguSagos mimarTulebiT gavxseniT saartilerio cecxli, romliTac 23 mojahedi gavanadgureT da
94

v. g. serebriakovi avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi

1986 wlis maisidan 1988 wlis ivnisamde msaxurobda rogorc sahaero-sadesanto batalionis meTauri. mas miniWebuli hqonda ,,wiTeli droSis ordeni, ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeni da avRanuri ,,wiTeli droSis ordeni.

daaxloebiT 30 davWeriT. maT ukan daixies. usafrTxoebis qvedanayofma ki dakarga meTauri da daiWra maTi 6 jariskaci. frunzes akademiis komentari: mxolod sakuTar poziciebze saartilerio cecxlis gamoZaxebam misca leitenants saSualeba gadaerCina mobiluri usafrTxoebis patrulis jariskacTa sicocxle. redaqtoris komentari: aSkaraa, rom mobiluri usafrTxoebis patrulma Tavisi -ebi (da mobiluroba) TavdacviTi poziciebisa da Ramis banakis Seqmnaze dakarga. TavdacvaSi CarTuli ar iyo javSniani manqanebi. Zala gadaiqca fiqsirebul usafrTxoebis saguSagod. jariskacebs ar gaaCndaT TavSesafari da mowinaaRmdegis saatrileriio dartymis dros Ria sangrebSi, e.w. ,,meliis" soroebSi aRmoCndnen.

ruka 32: leitenant tiubekinis ukanaskneli brZola

samxedro bazis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa avt. vice polkovniki a. iunakovi95 Cemi batalioni iyo calkeuli brigadis nawili, romelic ganlagebuli iyo yandaRarSi, helmandis provinciaSi.96 brigadas hyavda sami i msrolelTa batalioni, sahaero moieriSeTa batalioni, kavSirgabmulobis batalioni, radioeleqtronuli brZolis aseuli, saartilerio divizioni, Sveulmfrenebis eskadrilia da brigadis Stabi. batalions hqonda sammagi amocana: pirveli uzrunveleyo helmandis provinciaSi ganlagebuli laSkargis samxedro bazis usafrTxoeba, meore moexdina kviraSi ori-sami kolonis eskortireba 80 kilometrian gzaze da bolos, ebrZola axlos myof partizanul ZalebTan. Cemi batalioni gaZlierebuli iyo 122 mm-iani haubicebis batareiTa da ori satanko oceuliT. Cvens samxedro bazas gars ertya 12-kilometriani perimetri, romelzec ganlagebuli mqonda Svidi sabrZolo pozicia, TiToeuli maTgani dakavebuli hqonda erT an or msrolelTa oceuls. kolonis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis dros erT an or msrolelTa msrolelTa oceulTan erTad vgzavnidi erT an or 82 mm-ian aseuls saartilerio batareasTan, dazvervis oceulTan da or naRmsatyorcns. partizanebTan brZolis dros me, Cveulebriv, vgzavnidi naRmmtyorcnelTa oceulTan erTad. Cvens mier usafrTxoebis raionebis Seqmnis Semdeg, mokle droSi, amboxebulebma daiwyes Cveni samxedro bazis dabombva. Seteva xorcieldeboda mdinare helmandis gaswvriv arsebuli ,,mwvane zonidan. 1987 wlis dasawyisSi Cven avRaneTis armiasTan erTad ganvaxorcieleT operacia laSkargis provinciis meamboxeTa Zalebisgan gasawmendad da ,,mwvane zonaSi ,,sarandois batalionisTvis SevqmeniT saTvalTvalo punqtebi. operaciis Semdeg Cven CamovayalibeT kidev erTi usafrTxoebis saguSago qala-bastis cixe-simagreSi, raTa gvekontrolebina ,,mwvane zonis"
95

mocemuli da Semdegi scena ar aris frunzes wignis nawili. isini aris amonaridi p.

aleqseevis ,,usafrTxoebidan, 1994 wlis aprilis ,,voenni vestniki gv. 42-46. polkovniki aleqseevi muSaobs frunzes samxedro xelovnebis istoriis fakultetze. man aSkarad gamoiyena vice-polkovnik iunakovis moxseneba, romelic inaxeba frunzes akademiis avRaneTis arqivebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom orive magaliTSi aris brZolis elementebis nakleboba, isini gviCvenebs, Tu rogor xdeboda samxedro bazis da sakomunikacio xazebis usafrTxoebis dacva (gamomc.).
96

savaraudod, me-5 msroleli batalioni, 70-e calkeuli msroleli brigada. mocemuli

statia (romelSic mravladaa tipografuli Secdomebi) aRniSnavs me-2 batalions, magram es naklebad savaraudoa (gamomc.).

momijnave ,,sarandois Cemi

saTvalTvalo batalioni Zalebis

punqtebi, da

maTSi

gavanawileT oficris

kidev

erTi

kavSirgabmulobis da

daxmarebiT

vinarCunebdiT maTTan koordinacias. naRmsatyorcnTa mcirekalibrian tyviamfrqvevTa cecxlisagan dasacavad did yuradRebas vaqcevdi poziciebze sangrebis amoTxrasa da maT gamagrebas. yvela aTeuls srulad gaaCnda amoTxrili safari. TiToeuli sacecxle pozicia mis oceulTan kavSirgabmulobis sangrebiT iyo dakavSirebuli. TiToeul sacecxle pozicias gaaCnda amoTxrili ,,saZile sivrce (SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi), tyvia-wamlis Sesanaxi adgili, oceulis marTvis punqti, sasadilo oTaxi, wylis Sesanaxi adgili da tualeti. TvalTvalis gasaumjobeseblad me Camovayalibe usafrTxoebis gare romlebic Sedgeboda -is metyviamfrqvevisagan, msrolelisagan. saguSagoebi, mZRolisa da

ruka 33: samxedro bazis Tavdacva

maTi ganlageba moxda 18:00 saaTze, sabrZolo brZanebis gacemis, saxmisebisa da saZaxisebis gacvlis Semdeg. jariskacebis Semowmeba xdeboda ocmeTauris an misi TanaSemwis mier yovel 2 saaTSi da monacvleoba _ yovel 4 saaTSi. Ramis saaTebSi am saguSagoebidan mxolod naxevradavtomaturi tipis iaraRidan SeeZloT gasrola, gafrTxilebis an iaraRis Semowmebis mizniT. Tu isini sruli avtomaturi jeriT gaisrodnen, mTlian Zalas unda daekavebina sabrZolo poziciebi. artilerias momzadebuli hqonda intensiuri da Semakavebeli cecxlis gaxsnis gegma mTeli raionis

masStabiT. Cven aseve SegveZlo gaufrTxileblad gagvexsna cecxli, Tuki Ramis saaTebSi Cems pasuxismgeblobis raionSi samizne gamoCndeboda. dRis Sesvenebis dros Cemi yvela mewinave saguSagos piradi Semadgenloba ukan davabrune da cecxls vuxsnidiT nebismier adamians, kolonas Tu qaravans, romelic registanis udabnoSi Cemi bazidan oTxi kilometris radiusSi gaivlida. aravis piradi Semadgenlobidan ar SeeZlo daetovebina sacecxle poziciebi. yovel eqvs TveSi erTxel batalionis meTauri gascemda qvedanayofebis rotaciis brZanebas, romelic dRisiT sruldeboda. is qvedanayofebi, romlebic samxedro bazebidan brundebodnen, konvois usafrTxoebis dacvis davaleba eZleodaT. am davalebis Sesasruleblad Cven qvedanayofebs vwvrTnidiT gzebis naRmebisgan wmendaSi, xidebis Semowmebasa da wmendaSi, mowinaaRmdegis Setevebis mogeriebasa da cecxlis qveS myofi manqanebis evakuaciaSi. redaqtoris komentari: 70-e msroleli calkeuli brigadis Stabi

yandaRarSi iyo ganTavsebuli, xolo rukaze Stabi naCvenebia laSkargaris samxedro bazaze, 150 kilometris daSorebiT yandaRaridan. es Stabi iyo sabWoTa specdaniSnulebis razmis ori Stabidan erT-erTi. brigadas laSkargarSi aseve hyavda batalioni da mxardamWeri elementebi. qvemoT mocemuli monaxazi gviCvenebs samxedro bazaze arsebuli brigadis Stabs, sami batalionis Stabebs, or saartilerio batareas, Sveulmfrenebis daSvebis zonas da radio-eleqtronuli omis aseuls. specdaniSnulebis razmis elementebis usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofda msrolelTa batalioni. mTlianobaSi, am samxedro bazas ekava 11 kvadratul kilometrze odnav meti farTobi, rac mojahedi artileristebisTvis sakmaod iqneboda. lokalizebuli da macduri samizne

sakomunikacio xazebis dacva avt. vice-polkovniki m. Tubeevi mojahedi meTaurebis upirvelesi prioriteti maT mier avRaneTis mTavar gzebze moZravi konvoebis ganadgureba iyo. Cveulebriv, marSrutis usafrTxoebaze msrolelTa qvedanayofebi iyvnen pasuxismgebelni. zogadad, msrolelTa batalions SeuZlia akontrolos gzis 40-150 kilometriani monakveTi, xolo aseuls _ 2-dan 10 kilometramde manZili. 1986 wlis TebervalSi Cemi me-3 msrolelTa batalioni, romelic gaZlierebuli iyo satanko aseuliTa da ori saartilerio batareiT, pasuxismgebeli iyo puli-Carki-jalabadis gzatkecilis 102 kilometriani monakveTisa da naRlus hidroeleqtrosadguris usafrTxoebaze.97 Cems xelT arsebul Zalas Seadgenda 11 tanki, 42 , 12 TviTmavali haubica, 27 82mm-iani naRmsatyorcni, 9 wyvilluliani sazenito iaraRi 98 da 23 -17 avtomaturi yumbarsatyorcni. me gadavwyvite raioni sam nawilad dameyo. Cems msrolel me-7 aseuls unda ekontrolebina 32-kilometriani monakveTi, me-8 aseuls 40-kilometriani, xolo me-9 aseuls 30-kilometriani monakveTi. gzis TiToeuli monakveTis gansazRvrisas me gaviTvaliwine adgilmdebareoba, mniSvnelovani punqtebi, mowinaaRmdegis aqtivoba da Cemi qvedanayofebis siZliere. kritikul seqtorSi, sabrZolo Zalis koncentrirebisTvis saukeTeso aseulis SerCevis win, aseve davfiqrdi garkveul sakiTxebze. Cemi usafrTxoebis sakomunikacio saguSagoebze, xazebis romlebic usafrTxoeba gzis gaswvriv damyarebuli iyo iyo ganlagebuli.

Cveulebriv, saguSagoze imyofeboda

msrolelTa oceuli, erTi an ori -17

avtomaturi yumbarsatyorcni, erTi an ori msxvilkalibriani an 17 msxvilkalibriani tyviamfrqvevi, erTi an ori 82mm-iani naRmsatyorcni da erTi tanki. aRniSnuli Zala SesaZloa yofiliyo kombinirebuli usafrTxoebis momagrebul ZalebTan ( msrolelTa aseuli an batalioni gaZlierebuli artileriiT, tankebiTa da inJinrebiT). usafrTxoebis saguSagoebi 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi funqcionirebda. dRisiT morigeobda aTeulidan erTi jarikaci an erTi tanki, xolo orjariskaciani patruli raionSi moZraobda. RamiT yoveli usafrTxoebis saguSago erT an or patruls gzavnida. es oTxkaciani jgufebi saguSagoebidan 500-800 metrze gadiodnen da usafrTxoebis saguSagosTan kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebiT
97 98

108-e msroleli diviziis 180-e an 181-e msroleli polkis me-3 batalioni (redaqtori.). -23-2. am 23mm-ian tyviamfrqvevs SeeZlo esrola 2,000 tyvia wuTSi. misi

damontaJeba SesaZlebeli iyo rogorc manqanaze, ise -ze (redaqtori).

an vizualuri kontaqti hqondaT. usafrTxoebis saguSagos unda hqnoda SesaZlebloba, cecxli miewvdina am jgufebamde. usafrTxoebis TiToeul saguSagos hqonda perimetris sruli Tavdacva imisaTvis, rom nebismieri mimarTulebidan moegeriebina mojahedebis Seteva. TiToeul oceuls hqonda sawyisi da alternatiuli sacecxli seqtori momijnave qvedanayofebTan urTierTgadamkveTi sacecxle velebiT. sabrZolo gaTvlis mier moxmarebad iaraRs sarezervo poziciebi an sarezervo sacecxle seqtorebi ekava. saartilerio cecxlic didi sifrTxiliT iyo dagegmili. saartilerio qvedanayofebi, Cveulebriv, usafrTxoebis saguSagoebze, msrolelTa qvedanayofebTan erTad iyvnen ganlagebuli. artileriis ganlageba saSualebas aZlevda mas, efeqturad daeWira mxari usafrTxoebis yvela saguSagosTis.

ruka 34: sakomunikacio xazebis usafrTxoeba saartilerio cecxlis gegma moicavda yvela raions, romlidanac

mojahedebis gamoCena iyo SesaZlebeli. samizneebi aRricxuli da danomrili iyo. samizneebis CamonaTvali da maTi koordinatebi hqonda usafrTxoebis saguSagoebis pirad Semadgenlobebs, artileriis gaTvlebsa da batalionis Stabebs. cecxlis koreqtireba SesaZlebeli iyo winaswar dagegmili samizneebidan usafrTxoebis saguSagos meTauris mier an, Tu mas ar eqneboda pirdapiri kavSiri saartilerio qvedanayofTan, batalionis meTauris mier. Cveulebriv, mojahedTa jgufze cecxlis koreqtirebas 2-4 wuTi esaWiroeboda.

Cven usafTxoebis saguSagoebis mdebareoba frTxilad SevarCieT da kargad gavaZliereT. miwayrilebisa da qvebis saSualebiT gavakeTeT sangrebi, bunkerebi, tyvia-wamlis sacavi, sakvebisa da wylis punqtebi. TiToeuli saguSagos garSemo movawyveT mavTulxlarTis ori rigi, romelTa Soris monakveTi davnaRmeT qveiTsawinaaRmdego naRmebiT. Cven aseve gamoviyeneT moaxloebis manaTobeli dafarul maxeebi da sensorebi saguSagoebTan usafrTxoebis marSrutebze. Ramis ganmavlobaSi

saguSagos yvela Sesasvleli da gasasvleli daketili da danaRmuli iyo. usafrTxoebis raionis perimetrSi da mis gareT gamokruli iyo Sesabamisi qcevis wesebi. niSnebi iyo avRanur, rusul da inglisur enebze. 99 usafrTxoebis TiToeul saguSagos hqonda xuTi sabrZolo kompleqti 100 da 10 dRis samyofi sakvebi, wyali da sawvavi. aseve, RamiT xedvis mowyobilobebi, ,,blikis tipis durbindebi, RamiT dasamiznebeli aRWurviloba, manaTobeli paraSutiani raketebi da mgezavi sabrZolo masala. TiToeul usafrTxoebis saguSagos gaaCnda Semdegi dokumentebi da rukebi:
99

saguSagos sabrZolo amocanebi da amocanebis Sesrulebis Tanmimdevroba. meTauris mier gakeTebuli ruka, romelzec aRniSnuli iyo poziciebi, sacecxle gegmebi da mowinaaRmdegis cnobili mdebareobebi; sayrdeni punqtebis diagrama; batalionis meTauris brZanebebi; usafrTxoebis saguSagos meTauris sabrZolo brZanebebi; TvalTvalis ganrigi; partulirebis ganrigi; morige iaraRis ganrigi da sacecxle seqtorebi 101;
avRaneTSi ar aris mxolod erTi ena. puStu da dari aris oficialuri enebi, Tumca ,,sabrZolo kompleqti aris lojistikuri dagegmvis termini, romelic gansxvavdeba

saubroben aseve tajikur, uzbekur, yirgizul, baluCis, Turqmenul da arabul enebzec.

100

terminisgan aucilebeli aRWurviloba. xuTi sabrZolo kompleqti aris mniSvnelovani raodenobis aRWurviloba, romelic savaraudod, eqvsi kargi meomrisTvis aris sakmarisi.
101

morige iaraRi aris sabrZolo jgufebis mier gamoyenebuli iaraRi, romelic droebiT poziciebze. an mxolod es iaraRi gamoiyeneba cecxlis dazvervis meTvalTvaleTa elementebisTvis

ganTavsebulia mowinaaRmdegis

gasaxsnelad, maSin rodesac danarCeni Zalebi sabrZolo poziciebs ikaveben. morige

signalebis cxrili; meTvalTvalis, sabrZolo da mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebaTa aRricxvis batalioni axorcielebs usafrTxoebis gegmas, romelic aRwers TiToeuli

Jurnalebi. usafrTxoebis saguSagos raodenobasa da Semadgenlobas; manqanebis, iaraRisa da tyvia-wamlis raodenobas; TiToeuli saguSagos usafrTxoebis perimetrs, mniSvnelovani punqtebis TavdacviT gegmebs, elementebs Soris koordinaciis zomebs, TavdacviT sacecxle gegmas, signalebis gegmas kavSirgabmulobisTvis, polkebs, konvoebs, sadispetCero saguSagoebs da sacecxle mxardaWeris elementebs Soris. amasTan erTad, batalions hqonda misi qvedanayofebis morigeobis ganrigi da batalionis meTauris brZaneba usafrTxoebis raionis organizebaze. qvedanayofebs gaaCndaT sakuTari saaRricxvo aRWurviloba, damatebiTi raciebi, telefonebi da sakabelo kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebi marTvisa da kontrolis ganxorcielebisTvis. sakomunikacio xazebis usafrTxoebisTvis racias aqvs upirvelesi daniSnuleba. Yyvela dajavSnuli manqana, mimagrebuli qvedanayofebi da konvoebi ismenen saerTo radioarxs. batalionis dazvervis oceuli batalionis marTvis punqtTan axlos aris ganlagebuli. misi daniSnulebaa SeaCeros da gaanadguros jgufebi. isini marSrutebze batalionis pasuxismgeblobis raionSi amas, Cveulebriv, mojahedTa Casafrebebis saSualebiT akeTeben. arsebuli mojahedTa moaxloebis oceulis gzatkecilTan

dazvervis

Casafrebis raioni koordinirebulia polkis Casafrebis gegmebTan da ZiriTadad erT Rames grZeldeba; Tumca, yofila SemTxvevebi, rodesac Casafreba sami dRe grZeldeboda. redaqtoris komentari: sakomunikacio xazebis usafrTxoebis sabWoTa jarSi gavrcelebuli mosazreba, rogorc Cans, iyo gaZlierebul poziciaTa seriebis Camoyalibeba, maTi piradi SemadgenlobiT mowyoba, Semdeg ki _ lodini. es aris Zalian pasiuri, magram reagirebis unaris mqone mdgomareoba. kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom ar SeiniSneba agresiuli patrulireba an rekognoscireba. sabWoTa jari rekognoscirebis Zalebs sawyis sabrZolo Zalad iyenebda da ara sadazvervo informaciis Sesagroveblad. maT moqmedebebSi ar SeimCneva ZalTa gadanacvlebis (gadajgufebis), droebiTi raionebis dakavebis an mowinaaRmdegis SecdomaSi Seyvanisa da ,,mcdari
iaraRi mxolod amis Semdeg gadainacvlebs sabrZolo poziciebze. mowinaaRmdegis sapasuxo cecxlic, Sesabamisad gaixsneba droebiT poziciebze da maT ar ecodinebodaT sabWoTa TavdacviTi iaraRebis realuri ganlagebis adgilebi (red.).

gzaze dayenebis mcdeloba. mojahedebi advilad SeZlebdnen amgvari samoqmedo sqemis sawinaaRmdegod zomebis miRebas, raTa Tavi aeridebinaT misTvis an emoqmedaT mis winaaRmdeg da daeZliaT is.

Tavi 5 sagzao MmarSi da kolonis eskorti partizanuli evaleboda mowinaaRmdegis Zalebis taqtikis ganadgurebasTan da analizi cxadyofs, erTad, rom sabWoTa (konvois) omis pirveli Zalebs eskorti. wlebis

tvirTis

Camotana

avtokolonis

ganmavlobaSi mas ieriSi mihqonda kolonebze, naRmavda gzis izolirebul nawilebs. omis ufro gviandel periodSi mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebebi kidev ufro koncentrirebuli gaxda avtokolonebze (konvoize), romlebsac specialuri, diversiuli jgufebis saSualebiT fizikur dartymas ayenebda. mowinaaRmdegis Seteva konvoize xasiaTdeboda Semdegi niSanTvisebebiT: maqsimaluri moulodneloba; kargad SerCeuli Casafrebis adgili; kargad momzadebuli, gamagrebuli da SeniRbuli safris poziciebi; gonivrulad dagegmili marSruti ukan dasaxevad; gzis danaRmva, romelic moicavda SemovliT gzebsac; sxvadasxva adgilas ganTavsebuli konvois aRWurvilobis erTdrouli ganadgureba ise, rom konvois ver moeswro manevris ganxorcieleba daganadgurebis zonidan gamosvla.

avtokolonis eskorti qabulidan Raznimde maiori v.i. rovba102 1981 wlis bolos Raznis provinciaSi gaaqtiurda partizanuli Zalebi. gansakuTrebiT sastiki brZolebi imarTeboda Razni-qabulisa da RazniyandaRaris gzebze. mowinaaRmdege didi mondomebiT naRmavda gzebs, sadac unda gaevlo eskorts. mecxre motomsroleli aseuli ganTavsda Raznidan dasavleTiT eqvs kilometrze, ZiriTad polkTan erTad103. 5 seqtembers Cveni aseulis meTaurma gasca brZaneba 80 manqanisagan Semdgari avtokolonis (konvois) eskortirebis Sesaxeb. eskortireba meore dRisTvis igegmeboda da moicavda monakveTs Raznidan qabulamde. 7 seqtembers Cven unda gadmogvetvirTa tvirTi, xolo 8 seqtembers ukan unda davbrunebuliyaviT. ori motorizirebuli msroleleTa oceuli daiyo tvirTis usafrTxod gadatanisa da saTanado eskortirebis mizniT. aseulis meTauri detalebs Segvatyobinebda -142 radiogadamcemis saSulebiT polkis kavSirgabmulobis aseulidan 10400. marSrutis sigrZe 160 kilometri iyo. sajariso SenaerTma aiRo sabrZolo masala, gawminda sakuTari da ekipaJis iaraRi sul es iyo is mosamzadebeli RonisZiebebi, risi Catarebac SenaerTma moaxerxa. mZRolebmac ki avtomanqanebi TviTon gamarTes. aseulis meTaurma miiRo gadawyvetileba avtokolonis (konvoi) erT mwkrivad ganlagebis Sesaxeb. man kolonas saTaveSi erTi -i Cauyena, xolo ukana nawilSi ki (e.w. `kudi) ori -i. -ebis darCenili raodenoba asmeTaurma yovel 15-16 satvirTo manqanaze gadaanawila kolonaSi (konvoiSi). am amocanis Sesasruleblad sul gamoiyo Svidi TiToeuli razmis -i SeCerdeboda gzis piras da -i. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mojahedebi Tavs daesxmebodnen motomsrolelTa razms, mowinaaRmdegis mimarTulebiT gaxsnida sapasuxo cecxls. amdenad, -i warmoadgenda
102

v.i. rovba msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi 1981

1983 ww. motomsroleli oceulis meTaurad. mas mieniWa jildo `mamacobisaTvis~.

103

mecxre motomsroleli aseulis mesame batalioni, 191-e calkeuli motomsroleli -142 radiosistema warmoadgens -130 mokletalRur radiosistemas, or -111

polki (red.)
104100

saSualoradiusian FM radiosa da erT -123 mokleradiusian FM radios, romelic damontaJebuli iyo -66 satvirTo avtomanqanaze. -142 manZilze gadascemda Setyobinebas Sveulmfrens (red.).

sacecxle dafarvas im satvirTo avtomanqanebisaTvis, romlebic tovebdnen ganadgurebis zonas. rogorc ki kolonas aRar daemuqreboda safrTxe, xelaxla uerTdeboda kolonas da ibrunebda poziciebs samarSo kolonaSi. kolona mowinaaRmdeges ar unda SeeCerebina. Zalian rTuli iqneboda eskortirebis ganaxleba, Tu kolona erTxel mainc SeCerdeboda. sagzao marSiT qabulamde incidentebis gareSe CavediT. SevyovndiT satvirtTo avtomanqanebis sawvaviT gamarTvis dros, ris gamoc eskortis didi nawili RazniSi dabrunda. ukan 06.00 saaTze unda davbrunebuliyaviT, Tumca es mxolod 10.30 SevZeliT. qabulis misadgomebTan oTxi saaTi velodeT sawvaviT datvirTul avtocisternebs. sanam iyo sawvavs tvirTi da velodiT, iyvnen avRanurma satvirTo manqanebma, romlebzec

adamianebi, gverdi auares mTel kolonas (konvois).

ruka 35: mowinaaRmdegis mier konvoize mitanili ieriSis mogerieba dabrunebisTanave sawvaviT datvirTulma avtocisternebma daikaves adgili konvoiSi. meTaurma gasca brZaneba da msvlelobac daiwyo. saaTnaxevriani mgzavrobis Semdeg Cven SevediT patara mdinare qabulis xeobaSi da ,,mwvane zonis" gavliT gadavvadgildiT. Cven win, sam kilometrSi avRaneTis armiis saguSago iyo, romelic icavda mdinareze arsebul xids. saguSagos arsebobas garkveuli fsiqologiuri efeqtic hqonda. amitom didi sifrTxiliT vuaxlovdebodiT saguSagos. aseulis meTauris -i da satvirTo avtomanqana, romelzec damontaJebuli iyo -142 radiogadamcemi, win miuZRoda kolonas. maT ukan midioda sawvaviT savse avtocisterna, romelsac misabmeliT mohqonda sawvaviT datvirTuli sxva, dazianebuli

avtocisterna. rogorc ki mTeli eskorti ganlagda ,,mwvane zonis" flangze, 2530 metris manZilidan mowinaaRmdegem yumbarsatyorcniT cecxli gauxsna mewinave avtomanqanebs. dartyma miayenes sawvavis im avtocisternas, romelic misabmeliT iyo damagrebuli. imavdroulad, mowinaaRmdegem gaxsna cecxli eskortis `kudis mimarTulebiT da gaanadgura -i da ebi (reaqtiuli tanksawinaaRmdego yumbarebi). mowinaaRmdegis avtomanqanebma mier cecxlis gaxsnis Semdeg eskortis daiwyes. sapasuxo moqmedebebis ganxorcieleba

avtomanqanebis kolonam daiwyo gamosvla moqmedebis zonidan, rodesac mowinaaRmdege igeriebda sapasuxo cecxls. aseulis meTaurma radios saSualebiT gadasca Setyobineba sahaero mxardaWeris Sesaxeb da brZolis dawyebidan 30 wuTSi moieriSe Sveulmfrenebi mofrinda. maT mZime dartyma miayenes mowinaaRmdeges. msrolelebi. Sveulmfrenebs brZolis dros exmarebodnen motorizirebuli mowinaaRmdegem Sewyvita

cecxli da zurgisken daiwyo ukan daxeva. am Setakebisas daiRupa erTi da daiWra Svidi jariskaci. frunzes akademiis komentari: mokle monayoliT aSkaraa kolonis arasaTanado momzadeba aRniSnuli davalebisaTvis. davalebis Sesrulebamde erTi dRiT adre aseulis meTaurs ar Cautarebia specialuri wvrTna SenaerTisTvis, romelzec sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, ganxiluli iqneboda sakiTxi moqmedebaTa koordinaciis Sesaxeb mowinaaRmdegis Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi. gzaze xangrZlivad dayovnebis Sedegad mterma detalurad Seiswavla eskorti, romelic kolonaSi iyo ganTavsebuli. moieriSe Sveulmfreni droulad ver mofrinda amisa, kolonis dasacavad, raTa SeeCerebina da msrolelTa mowinaaRmdegis Tavdasxma. marSirebis dros ar ganxorcielebula dazverva. miuxedavad zonidan. redaqtoris komentari: am konkretuli SemTxvevis mixedviT Cans, rom aseulis meTauri ar zedamxedvelobs saTanado yuradRebiT sajariso nawilebis marSisTvis momzadebis process. garda amisa, igrZnoba erTgvari undobloba daqvemdebarebuli rangis jariskacebis mimarT, agreTve profesional sabWoTa umcros meTaurTa Semadgenlobis simcire. aseulis mZRolebis fsiqologiuri mzaobam Tavdadebam saSualeba misca kolonas, swrafad gamosuliyo moqmedebis

meTaurs Tavad unda Caetarebina wvrTna. armiaSi, sadac moqmedebs

profesional

umcros

meTaurTa

Semadgenloba, axorcieleben micemuli

aseT

wvrTnebsa da

da igi

mosamzadebel romelTaTvisac

samuSaoebs naTelia

kvalificiuri amocana

serJantebi,

SenaerTisTvis

Sesabamisad, efeqturad wvrTnis nawils. meTauri amowmebs serJantebis dones, magram Tavad ar monawileobs wvrTnaSi, ise, rogorc monawileobda misi sabWoTa kolega. amdenad, rCeba SedarebiT meti dro, romelic gamoiyeneba qmedebis sworad da frTxilad dasagegmad. sabWoTa sistemam zedmetad gadatvirTa umcros oficerTa Semadgenloba, Tumca mas misca individualuri gadamzadebis Zalian mwiri saSualeba. mojahedebma manqanis gamoirCeoda iswavles brZolis dasawyisSive da eskortiT. sameTauro-saStabo yovelTvis iSviaTad meTauri ganadgureba. damatebiTi sameTaure-saStabo anteniTa manqana

mgzavrobda mTavari kolonis pirvelive manqaniT. swored aseTi SemTxvevaa ganxiluli am TavSi. sxva sabWoTa werilobiTi cnobebi mogviTxrobs imis Sesaxebac, aseTi Tu rogor xdeboda ar moqmedebaze xorcieldeboda. meTauri, Tu gasvlamde Sedegad, antenebis rogorc ki damagreba sxva manqanebze, agreTve meTauris poziciis Secvla. Tumca qmedebebi praqtikulad dartymas miayenebdnen meTauris manqanas, sajariso SenaerTi kargavda komunikaciis akontrolebda saSualebas, brZolas. iyo xolo gadarCeboda, nacvlad veRar am SemTxvevaSi, komunikaciis saSualeba dajavSnuli

damontaJebebuli

daujavSnav

manqanaSi,

manqanisa. sabWoTa kavSirSi radiomimRebs iyenebdnen eqskluziurad brZolis kontrolis mizniT. mojahedebi radioteqnikuri dabrkolebebis Seqmnis (CaxSobis) didi potencialiT ar gamoirCeodnen, Tumca maT icodnen, rogor aefeTqebinaT sabWoTa manqana, romelzec bevri antena iyo damontaJebuli. swored am gziT, isini mTlianad anadgurebdnen taqtikuri kontrolis saSualebas.

kolonis eskorti sahaero moieriSe aseulis mier yunduzis provinciaSi maiori a.m. portnovi105 1981 wlis oqtomberSi mowinaaRmdege sakmaod aqtiurobda imamsahibTan axlos, yunduzis provinciaSi. cdilobda ra, diversiuli aqtebis ganxorcielebas sabWoTa bazebze, miznad isaxavda bambis eqsportis SezRudvasac Sekravanidan da imam-sahibidan 106. 1981 wlis 26 oqtombers miviRe brZaneba kolonis eskortirebis Sesaxeb. kolona Sedgeboda 70 satvirTo avtomanqanisagan, romelsac bamba unda gadmoetana. Cems me-7 sahaero moieriSe aseuls daevala kolonis eskortireba 114 km. manZilze, Sekravanidan Sirxanamde. Cems aseulSi Sedioda ori sahaero moieriSe oceuli; mas daemata naRmmtyorcnelTa oceuli, metyviamfrqveveTa razmi da ori -17 avtomaturi yumbarsatyorcni, romlebic damontaJebuli iyo -ze. amocanisTvis mzadebis dros me movuxme Cems oficrebs, serJantebsa da mZRolebs. Cven detalurad SeviswavleT marSruti miTiTebuli adgilis modelis mixedviT. Cven SevimuSaveT moqmedebis ramdenime gegma TiToeuli avtomobilisaTvis mowinaaRmdegis Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi. usafrTxoebis mewinave patruli aRWurvili iyo erTi -Ti107 (desantis
105

1979-1982 ww. a. m. portnovi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul

kontingentSi. Tavdapirvelad igi aseulis meTauris TanaSemwe iyo sahaero-moieriSe aseulSi, Semdeg ki sahaero-moierSe aseulis meTauri gaxda. mas jildod gadaeca `wiTeli varskvlavis ordeni da medali `mxedruli mamacobisaTvis.
106

orive qalaqi esazRvreba sabWoTa kavSirs.. bamba ki swored is saqoneli iyo,

romliTac avRaneTis mTavroba madlobas uxdida sabWoTa kavSirs daxmarebisaTvis. bambis eqsporti avRaneTidan sabWoTa kavSirSi daiwyo 1930 wels gaformebuli xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad. avRaneTi sabWoTa kavSirs awvdida bambas benzinisa da mza saqonlis sanacvlod. bamba avRanuri eqsportis mxolod mcire nawili iyo. garda amisa, avRaneTi CrdiloeTSi agzavnida bunebriv airs, urans, Zvirfas qvebs, xilsa da sxv. (red.).
107

anu desantis sabrZolo manqana awyobilia ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos misi

paraSutiT daSveba. javSantrasportioria da gadahyavs cxra adamianamde (rogorc wesi, maqsimum Svidi). misi mbrunavi sacecxle danadgari -s (qveiTTa sabrZolo manqana sabWoTa qveiTTa muxluxa sabrZolo manqanebis seria) danadgaris analogia. amdenad, -1-s aqvs 73 mm-iani qvemexi, romelic -1-

sabrZolo manqana) da -Ti (sadesanto javSantrasportiori), romelzec damontaJebuli iyo -17. mZime teqnika moZraobda erTi kilometris daSorebiT ZiriTadi kolonisgan, mis win. satransporto saSualebaze bambis datvirTvis Semdeg, 27 oqtombers, 12.00 saaTze avtokolonam datova Sekravani. me gavaZliere Cemi usafrTxoebis Zalebi, davamate ra bambiT datvirTul TiToeul satvirTo manqanaze sami an oTxi avRaneli SeiraRebuli policieli `sarandois~ aseulidan. kolonaze Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi, SeiaraRebuli avRanuri policia Cemi brZanebis mixedviT imoqmedebda. rogorc ki Cveni kolona miuaxlovda sofel baziks, mowinaaRmdegem cecxli gauxsna mewinave usafrTxoebis patruls tyviamfrqvevis saSualebiT da aafeTqa naRmi108. mowinaaRmdege Seecada arxze ganTavsebuli xidis ganadgurebas, agreTve, -is ganadgurebasac, romelic im momentSi xidze gadadioda. rogorc Cans, mowinaaRmdeges hqonda eskortis SeCerebis imedi. -s gamocdili mZRolebis wyalobiT, mZime teqnika ar dazianebula. am dros mowinaaRmdege 70-100 metris manZilidan pirdapir kolonas esroda SaSxanidan da yumbarsatyorcnidan. mowinaaRmdegem SeZlo bambiT datvirTuli oTxi satvirTo avtomanqanis afeTqeba.

is qvemexis analogiuria, xolo -2-s aqvs 30 mm-iani avtomaturi qvemexi, romelic warmoadgens -2-is avtomaturi qvemexis analogs. oriveSi damontaJebulia 7.62 mm-iani tyviamfrqvevi. aRniSnuli teqnika farTod gamoiyeneboda sabWoTa sadesanto da sahaero-moieriSe Zalebis mier (red.).
108

rusulad swored ase gamoiTqmis es sityva: fugasi (dasavluri termini: fougasse) .

rusuli fugasi gulisxmobs did, feTqebad mowyobilobas, romelic miwaSia Camarxuli da dafarulia qvebiTa da namsxvrevebiT. dasavluri termini miuTiTebs cecxlmfrqvevel mowyobilobaze, anu 55-galonian kasrze, romelSic Txevadi benzinia Casxmuli da damatebulia asafeTqebeli nivTiereba (red.).

(ruka

36:

37-e

sahaero

moieriSe

aseuli

anadgurebs

mowinaaRmdeges) me vubrZane usafrTxoebis patruls (meore sahaero-moieriSe oceuli) da mesame sahaero moeireSe zurgSi cecxli oceuls, da ganexorcielebinaT swored manevrireba xazidan mowinaaRmdegis ganexorcielebinaT. oceulis mier Seteva zurgis

-dan, -17-is gaTvlisa da naRmmtyorcnelTa sakmarisi aRmoCnda mowinaaRmdegis

gaxsnili

SesaCereblad. avRanuri policiis aseuls mieca axal adgilas dislocirebis saSualeba.

mowinaaRmdegem ver SeZlo davalebis Sesruleba da daiwyo arsebuli poziciebidan ukan daxeva. swored am dros, mowinaaRmdeges Cemma oceulma partizanuli jariskaci. frunzes akademiis komentari: sabrZolo gamocdileba cxadyofs, rom laSqrobisaTvis mzadebis dros mniSvnelovani da aucilebelia koordinacia ara mxolod sakuTar oficrebsa da serJantebTan, aramed dajavSnuli manqanebis mZRolebTanac. mowinave uSiSroebis patruls evaleba ara mxolod marSrutis dazverva, aramed saTanado qmedebebis ganxorcieleba sxva sajariso SenaerTebTan erTad, brZolis koordinaciis mizniT. Setakebis dawyebis Semdeg TiToeuli sajariso SenaerTi gamorCeuli simamaciT unda ibrZodes, raTa moimwyvdios mowinaaRmdege flangze da zurgidan daartyas. redaqtoriis komentari: kolonas win uZRoda mowinave uSiSroebis patruli, Tumca ar aris srulyofilad ganxorcielebuli dazverviTi samuSaoebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT detalurad Seiswavles marSruti, adgilis modelis mixedviT, rogorc Cans, ar SeuswavliaT adgilobrivi teritoria rukis mixedviT. Sesabamisad ar iyo arc identificirebuli gadasasvlelebi warmoadgens arasodes da potenciuri saxifaTo gadasasvlels. Cans, am am da arc dagegmili saxifaTo zonebi. xidi calsaxad adgilze cnebiT unda Catarebuliyo iSviaTad moqmedebis zurgidan cecxli gauxsna da alyaSi aseulSi moiqcia. daiWra momwyvdeuli Cven erTi mxolod SenaerTi kvlavac gviwevda Cems winaaRmdegobas.

mowinaaRmdege

gavanadgureT.

dazverviTi da ganaRmviTi samuSaoebi. flangis usafrTxoebis sakiTxi ki ganxilula; rogorc sakmaod sargeblobdnen.

kolonis eskorti da brZola sofel daulatabadSi vice-polkovniki a. a. agzamovi109 1981 wlis bolos mowinaaRmdege Tavs esxmoda eskorts termezSi, SebeganSi, andxoiSi, iyo maimanas gzaze. dazverviTi teritorias. gansakuTrebiT samuSaoebis mteri daZabuli angariSi Tavs mdgomareoba piris iyo. 1981 wlis 2 dekembers rekognoscirebis meore aseulma, romelic dislocirebuli iyo maimanaSi, miiRo brZaneba 120 avtomanqanisagan Semdgari kolonis eskortirebis Sesaxeb. avtomanqanebiT igegmeboda masalebis miwodeba andxoidan maimanamde. manZili 110 kilometri iyo. aseuls daemata damnaRmvelTa razmi, romelic SeiaraRebuli iyo cecxlsatyorcniT, -23-4-iT, XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis sabWoTa TviTmavali sazenito danadgariTa da -4 misabmeliani avtomanqaniT110. mosamzadeblad ori dRe gvqonda. am drois ganmavlobaSi Cven SeviswavleT umaRlesi sardlobis mier mowodebuli monacemebi, ganvixileT sakiTxebi zurgis xazis gamagrebisa da teqnikuri mxardaWeris Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliTa da yuradRebiT movamzadeT manqanebi marSisTvis, xolo iaraRi _ brZolisTvis. sajariso SenaerTma miuTiTa dRiuri normis (racionisa) da saWiro sabrZolo masalis normis Sesaxeb. kolopnis (konvois) meTaurad dainiSna specialuri daniSnulebis sajariso SenaerTis meTauris moadgile n. beksultanovi. misi gadawyvetilebiT, msvleloba unda dawyebuliyo maimanadan andxoimde erTi marSrutiT, win ki mewinave usafrTxoebis patruli unda gagvZRoloda. 4 dekembers, 05:00 saaTze salaSqro kolona daiZra, 11 saaTis Semdeg miuaxlovda Sexvedris adgils, romelic andxois Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, sami kilometris daSorebiT mdebareobda.
109

daulatabadSi.

miuTiTebda, rom partizanuli Zalebi, cecxlsasroli iaraRiT SeiaraRebuli 25-30 SemadgenlobiT,Yakontrolebdnen SefarviT esxmoda avtomobils da kolonas. misi mizani masalis miwodebis Seferxeba

am

dros

SemogvierTda

avtokolona,

ukve

datvirTuli

1981-1983 ww. a. a. agzamovi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis

SezRudul kontingentSi dazvervis aseulis dazvervis jgufis meTaurad. mas mieniWa `wiTeli varskvlavis ordeni.
110

warmoadgens tanks -55-s tralis gareSe, romelic manqanebs misabeliT

atarebs.

sxvadasxva masaliT. CavdeqiT erT mwkrivSi da Cveni sabrZolo Zala mTel avtokolonaze gadavanawileT, SevTanxmdiT koordinirebul qmedebebze da davgegmeT sad unda gagveTia Rame. gegmis Tanaxmad, 5 dekembers, diliT unda gavsuliyaviT, xuTi an eqvsi saaTis ganmavlobaSi gvemoZrava, gagvevlo 80 kilometri da mxolod amis Semdeg dagvesvena. Ramis gaTevis Semdeg, meore dResve, maimanaSi CavidodiT. asulSi iricxeboda oceuli, romelic mewinave patrulis rols asrulebda. 5 dekembers, dilis 05.00 saaTze salaSqro kolonam msvleloba daiwyo. 09.00 saaTze Cveni mewinave patruli sofel daulatabads miuaxlovda. maTi informaciiT, sofeli mitovebuli iyo. aseTi informaciis miRebis Semdeg, ufro meti sifrTxiliTa da yuradRebiT gavagrZeleT davalebis Sesruleba. eskortis meTaurma gasca brZaneba, meti sifrTxile gamogveCina da gagveZlierebina TvalTvali. im dros, rodesac kolonis mewinave manqanebi iwyebdnen sofel dautalabadidan gasvlas, mowinaaRmdegem gagvixsna cecxli yumbarsatyorcnidan da gagvinadgura 2 111 da avtocisterna. cecxli gavrcelda, xolo manqanebi, romlebic xanZris gaCenis saSiSroebis winaSe dadgnen, Camwkrivdnen viwro quCebSi.

111

-2 warmoadgens 2-is saStabo-mewinave teqnikis models.

ruka 37: mowinaaRmdegis ieriSis mogerieba sofelSi mowinaaRmdegem srola xelis cecxlsasroli iaraRiT daiwyo. afeTqda kidev ori . Sedegad, kolona sam nawilad gaiyo. Cven sapasuxo cecxli gavuxseniT mowinaaRmdeges, Tumca cecxli ar iyo kontrolirebuli an mizanmimarTuli. kolonis meTaurma dakarga kontroli SenaerTebze, rogorc ki moiSala sakomunikacio saSualebebi. avtomanqanebi damoukideblad cdilobdnen Tavi daeRwiaT ganadgurebis zonidan. mewinave saaviacio memiznem gaagzavna Setyobineba moieriSe Sveulmfrenebis daxmarebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. Sveulmfrenma cecxli gauxsna mowinaaRmdeges sofelSi. am dros kolonis Camketma oceulma miiRo amocana,

ganaxorcielebina dazverva soflis dasavleT nawilSi. davalebis Sesrulebis mizniT, mwyobridan gamosulma jariskacebma daiwyes moZraoba -s safaris qveS. maT icavda Sveulmfrenis cecxlic. rogorc ki mowinaaRmdegem dainaxa, rom sajariso SenaerTma gadamwyveti zomebis miReba daiwyo, ukan daixia. samsaaTian SetakebebSi daiRupa Cveni oTxi jariskaci (mZRolebi), daiWra eqvsi samxedro mosamsaxure, ganadgurda sami da daiwva xuTi satvirTo manqana. frunzes akademiis komentari: am konkretuli SemTxvevidan

ikveTeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis susti potenciali, arajerovani momzadeba brZolisaTvis, arasaTanado kontroli sajariso SenaerTebze brZolis dros. arc erT monawile meTaurs ar miuwodebia informacia sajariso SenaerTebisaTvis im adgilebis Sesaxeb, sadac mosalodneli iyo mowinaaRmdegis Casafreba da arc mowinaaRmdegis sabrZolo meTodebis Sesaxeb. redaqtoris komentari: sadazvervo SenaerTis informaciiT, sofeli adgilobrivma mcxovreblebma miatoves. es sofeli konfliqtis tradiciuli kera iyo. aRniSnuli informaciis miRebis Semdeg sajariso SenaerTi ufro metad frTxilobs. amis miuxedavad, meTauri ar iRebs gadawyvetilebas jariskacebis sabrZolo manqanebidan gadmoyvanis Sesaxeb da cdilobs sacdeli ieriSis mitanas sofelze. swored aq ikveTeba meTauris moumzadebloba. aseulis meTauri sruliad gaumarTleblad ibrZvis samsaaTian brZolaSi mcired SeiraRebul oceulTan erTad. meTauri mxolod imas axerxebs, rom Tavad gamoaRwios brZolis velidan damxmare sahaero Zalis mosvlis Semdeg. aravis surda manqanebidan gadmosvla da mowinaaRmdegesTan miaxloveba. siZliereze. da bolos, unda aRiniSnos, rom avRaneTis saxelisuflo Zalebi da avRaneli samoqalaqo mZRolebi arasodes warmoadgenden am rTul brZolebSi Tanabrad monawile mxares. aseT brZolebSi danakargad iTvleboda mxolod is, rom sabWoTa jariskacebs klavdnen, sabWoTa manqanebi da masala nadgurdeboda. an avRanelebSi ar iyo samoqalaqo msxverpli, an maT ubralod ar iTvlidnen, rac kidev erTxel miuTiTebs imaze, rom aseTi mentalitetiT omis SemTxvevaSi, sxva qveynis mTavrobis daxmarebas jari zedmetadaa damokidebuli sacecxle saSualebebis

partizanuli Zalebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, xSirad sapirispiro Sedegebamde mivyavarT.

kolonis eskorti da brZola malixelTan maiori a. i. guboglo112 1982 wlis zamTarSi qabuli-Raznis gzis monakveTze, sofel malixelTan axlos ramdenime partizanuli SenaerTi moqmedebda. partizanebi Tavs esxmodnen sabWoTa samxedro avtokolonebs (konvoebs). 1982 wlis 11 dekembers, meSvide motozirebuli msrolelTa aseulis meTaurma miiRo brZaneba avtokolonis eskortirebis Sesaxeb Raznidan qabulamde Seuferxebeli monakveTze. qabulamde sagzao marSma gegmis mixedviT Caiara, ramdenadac mowinaaRmdeges avtomanqanebis ar ucdia avtokolonaze Semdeg, ieriSis mitana. satvirTo ukan datvriTvis movemzadeT RazniSi da ukana gzaze113. sajariso SenaerTs daevala kolonis km. moZraobis uzrunvelyofa orive mimarTulebiT 170

dasabruneblad. aseulis meTaurma kolonis Tavsa da boloSi ganaTavsa or-ori , mTel avtokolonaze ki xuTi gaanawila TiTo javSniani manqana yovel rva satvirTo manqanaze. motomsrolel oceuls dazverva daevala. amitom igi avtokolonas 10 kilometriT uswrebda win. avtokolona saSualod 35-40 km/sT siCqariT moZraobda. yovel sam saaTSi visvenebdiT. Tu mowinaaRmdege cecxls gagvixsnida cecxlsasroli iaraRiT, -ebi da moiriSe Sveulmfrenebi mowinaaRmdeges sapasuxo cecxls gauxsnidnen, xolo avtokolona ki gamovidoda moqmedebis zonidan. Tu adgilmdebareoba mogvcemda amis saSualebas, -ebi pirdapir gadauvlidnen Semtevi mowinaaRmdegis Casafrebis adgilebs. 13 dekembers, 07 saaTsa da 30 wuTze aseulis meTaurma gasca brZaneba da avtokolonac daiZra. 30-wuTiani mgzavrobis Semdeg, dazianda mZime satransporto satvirTo avtomanqana. aseulis meTaurs sxva satransporto satvirTo avtomanqanac moemzadebina, romelic mibmuli iyo am manqanasTan da romelic kolonis dasawyisSi mis sameTauro-saStabo -s mivabiT. 11 saaTsa da 15 wuTze avtomanqanebi ukve moZraobdnen ZiriTad gzaze. vuaxlovdebodiT ,,mwvane zonas" sofel maixelTan axlos. rogorc
112

ki

satvirTo

avtomanqanebma

gadakveTes

mdinaris

xidi,

1981 1983 ww. a. i. guboglo msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul

kontingentSi motomsroleli nawilis meTaurad. mas gadaeca `wiTeli

varskvlavis~ ordeni da medali `mamacobisaTvis

113

meSvide motomsroleli aseuli, 191-e damoukidebeli motomsroleli polki (red.)

mowinaaRmdegem detonirebadi

gaaqtiura

radiomarTvadi daaziana

da

brZanebis

mixedviT

naRmi,

romelmac

misabmeliani

avtomanqana.

gasasvleli daibloka. am dros mowinaaRmdegem avtokolonas gabatonebuli simaRlidan gauxsna cecxli. uSedego aRmoCnda satvirTo avtomanqanebis xididan gadagdebis mcdeloba. aseulis meTaurma gadawyvita meore motorizirebuli msrolelTa oceulis xidis flangze, wyalsadinari Txrilis CaTvliT, ganTavseba. Tumca, mowinaaRmdeges ukve daenaRma Txrilis gasasvleli. meore oceulis afeTqda. misi gaTavisuflebis cda uSedego aRmoCnda. am dros meore -ic afeTqda. aseulis meTaurma CaTvala, rom SeuZlebeli iyo poziciebis SenarCuneba, mesame motorizirebul msrolelTa oceuls ubrZana manqanebis datoveba da 1760 borcvis dakaveba. es swored Cemi oceuli iyo. me iseT poziciaze ganvalage Cemi pirveli fiqsireba aTeuli, saidanac SesaZlebeli intensiuri iyo mowinaaRmdegis adgilze (mijaWvaeba) cecxlis

gamoyenebiT. meore da mesame aTeulebi mowinaaRmdegis flangze ganvalage ise, rom maT daertyaT mowinaaRmdegisaTvis flangidan da zurgis xazidan. 11 saaTisa da 45 wuTisaTvis, Cven amocana warmatebiT SevasruleT da aviReT borcvi 1760.

ruka 38: meSvide motomsroleli aseuli ebrZvis mowinaaRmdeges. amave dros, Cveni SenaerTi cdilobda gzis xelaxla dakavebas da avtokolonis gadayvanas usafrTxo adgilze. miuxedavad amisa, `usaxelo~ mTidan gaxnili intensiuri cecxlis Sedegad, Cveni mcdeloba warumatebeli aRmoCnda. cecxlsasroli bolos mTis misadgomi farTo iyo, amitom imisa, flangidan visrodiT Cven Seteva xelis ver warmoudgenlad migvaCnda. miuxedavad moieriSe rom

iaraRidan, aseulis

-idan,

Sveulmfrenidan, saSualebiT

movaxerxeT misi aReba. meTaurma radiomimRebis moiTxova damatebiTi moieriSe Sveulmfreni. aseulis meTaurma mowinaaRmdegeze ieriSi pirveli oceulis meSveobiT miitana, romelic Tavdapirvelad dazverviT

samuSaoebs asrulebda. 12 saaTsa da 40 wuTze, pirvelma oceulma Seteva ganaxorciela. Cems dasaxmareblad isrodnen tyviamfrqvevidan/yumbarsatyorcnidan da moieriSe Sveulmfrenidan. Cven aviReT borcvi. avtokolonas ukve SeeZlo gzis gagrZeleba. frunzes akademiis komentari: am SemTxvevis ganxilviT cxadi xdeba, rom aucilebelia moqmedebis ramdenime gegmis SemuSaveba, romelsac ganaxorcielebs sajariso SenaerTi mowinaaRmdegis Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi. metic, mesangreebisa da menaRmeebis SenaerTi yovelTvis unda Sediodes avtokolonis eskortis SemadgenlobaSi motorizirebul ar unda rTuli msrolelTa ZalasTan erTad. Cven kidev erTxel davinaxeT, rom kargad gawvrTnili jari brZolas warmatebiT agvirgvinebs, rac mdgomareoba iyos. redaqtoris komentari: am SemTxvevaSi da mexuTe Tavis pirvel SemTxvevaSi miTiTebuli aseulebi erTi da imave batalionidan arian. pirveli SemTxvevidan meoremde erTi welia gasuli. gadavxedoT, ra gamosworda da ra iswavla sajariso SenaerTma am periodis ganmavlobaSi. rogorc Cans, gaumjobesda taqtika: sajariso SenaerTs win miuZRvis sadazvervo SenaerTi da saaviacio dafarvac ufro seriozulia, Tumca meTauri isev wina manqaniT moZraobs. xidze ar mimdinareobs ganaRmviTi samuSaoebi, ar xdeba Casafrebis teqnikaze, adgilebze zustad ieriSis mitana saStabo CamoqveiTebuli avtomanqanis Zalebis ukan. ar mier. yofila dazianebuli manqana isev mibmulia avtokolonis mewinave rigebSi mimaval meTauris dominanturi adgilis aRebis mcdeloba, ar Semowmebula adgili avtokolonis gadaadgilebamde. ar yofila saubari imaze, rom gamoeyenebinaT sahaero moieriSe Zalebi monacvleobiTi winsvlis uzrunvelsayofad erTi dominanturi simaRlidan meoreze, kolonis moZraobis dacvis mizniT. rogorc Cans, jer kidev ar hqondaT naswavli yvela gakveTili kolonis eskortirebis Sesaxeb. Tavis dasawyisSi ukve mivuTiTeT, rom omis adreul periodSi mojahedebs ieriSi mihqondaT eskortze naRmebis saSualebiT. omis ufro gviandel periodSi mowinaaRmdege eskortze farTomasStabian Setevas axorcielebda. am TavSi moyvanili magaliTebi 1981-1982 ww.-iT TariRdeba. am adreul periodSic ar ki mojahedebi zomebs, sakmaod daxelovnebulni arian avtokolonaze TavdasxmaSi. aRwerili magaliTebidan Cans, rom sabWoTa samxedroebi iReben romlebic standartulia dasavleTis

armiebisaTvis. ar moqmedebs `gzis gamkvlevi~ razmi, arc `Semotyuebisa da nadirobis~ xrikebi. arsad Cans swrafi reagirebis Zalebi, romlebic unda axldes eskorts. ar igegmeboda aeromobiluri Zalebis gamoyeneba evakuaciis marSrutebze, arc ariteleriis sacecxle mxardaWera. warmodgenili magaliTebis mixedviT, ar xdeboda rukisa da adgilis modelis Seswavla saxifaTo gadasasvlelebis, qmedebebi moqmedebis pasiuria zonebis, da Casafrebis adgilebis reagirebas winaswar identificirebis mizniT. rekognoscirebis Zalebi mxolod gzebze moqmedebs. warmoadgens mowinaaRmdegis qmedebebze.

Tavi VI
Casafrebis mowyoba avRaneTSi miRebuli sabrZolo gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom Casafreba aris ara marto rekognoscirebis miRebuli forma, aramed brZolis erT-erT yvelaze farTod gamoyenebadi meTodi, romelic nacadia polkisa da diviziis zomis qvedanayofebis awyoben pasuxismgeblobis Casafrebebs, xolo raionebSi. specialuri rekognoscirebis, wvrTnis gavlis sahaero-moieriSe, sahaero-sadesanto da specdaniSnulebis qvedanayofebi yoveldRiurad SemTxvevaSi, maTi mowyoba SeuZliaT motomsrolelTa qvedanayofebsac. Casafreba farTod gamoiyeneba yvela saxis brZolaSi. es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom partizanTa taqtika Zalze gansxvavdeboda regularuli Zalebis taqtikisagan da ufro metad emsgavseboda partizanul oms. aqedan gamomdinare, sabWoTa ZalebisaTvis aucilebeli gaxda mojahedebTan

brZolis ufro efeqturi gzebis moZebna.

gaZlierebuli motomsroleli aseuli awyobs Casafrebas yandaRaris provinciaSi maiori v.i. pavlenko114 1981 wlis martSi Cvenma calkeulma motomsrolelma brigadam

daasrula marSiT gadaadgileba Tavisi axali sabazo banakisken. 115 mis gadaadgilebas haeridan faravda moieriSe Sveulmfrenebis eskadrilia. imave dros, eskadriliam daiwyo yandaRari-Sindandis gzis gaswvriv mdebare mowinaaRmdege Zalebis rekognoscirebac. eskadriliis meTaurma mogvaxsena, rom 18:20 saaTze momaragebis gadamtani satvirTo manqanebis kolona Sevida sofel musa-qalaSi. garda amisa, musa-qalaSi, romelic mdebareobs yandaRaridan daaxloebiT oc kilometrSi, koncentrirebuli iyo mowinaaRmdegis Zalebi. es informacia aseve daadastura brigadis dazvervis oficermac. Cven sazRvarTan ar SegveZlo drois dakargva. da igi sofeli musa-qala pakistanis axlos mdebareobs warmoadgenda mojahedebis

Sesvenebisa da TavSeyris adgils. swored am soflis gavliT xdeboda iaraRisa da tyvia-wamlis gavrceleba mTeli qveynis teritoriaze. Cveni brigadis meTaurma, vice-polkovnikma i.p. Satinma, SeimuSava Semdegi gegma: motomsrolelTa ori batalioniT igi gars Semoartyamda sofels CrdiloeTidan da samxreT-aRmosavleTidan. Semdeg soflis gawmendisaTvis gamoiyenebda sahaero-moieriSe batalionsa da avRaneTis armiis romelime qvedanayofs. imave dros, mowinaaRmdegis kolonis Crdilo-dasavleTiT gadaadgilebis SeCerebis mizniT, igi kolonis win gadaiyvanda gaZlierebul motomsrolel aseuls, romelic Casafrebas moawyobda. Cemi batalionis meTaurma s.v. antonovma Cems me-8 motomsrolel aseuls daavala Casafrebis momwyoba. am dros me viyavi ufrosi leitenanti da aseulis meTauri. Cemma

.
114

v.i. pavlenko motomsroleli aseulis meTaurad msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi
115

70-e calkeuli motomsroleli brigada.

brigadis meTaurma piradad gadmomca Sesasrulebeli amocana. Cems aseuls hyavda motomsrolelTa sami oceuli. brigadis meTaurma Cemi aseuli gaaZliera -17 avtomaturi yumbarsatyorcniT, Tavisi gaTvlis wevrebianad, sami mesangriT, oci naRmiT da ori radiooperatoriT, aseve, ori radioTi. Casafrebis adgilTan axlos Cemi aseulis gadasayvanad gamoiyo Svidi -8 satransporto Sveulmfreni. amocanis Sesasruleblad Cemi Zalebis momzadebisTvis ori saaTi mqonda. 20:55 saaTze Cemma aseulma daasrula SveulmfrenebSi CatvirTva da 21:30 saaTze Cven miwaze daveSviT, Casafrebis adgilidan xuT kilometrSi. miwaze daSveba moxda Sebindebamde TxuTmeti wuTiT adre. miwaze daSvebis Semdeg me Tavi movuyare Cems aseuls Sekrebis adgilze, romelic mdebareobda daSvebis zonidan xuTas metrSi. Cven davelodeT daRamebas, raTa sibneleSi ar gamoCeniliyo Cveni moqmedeba. aseulis win gavuSvi patrulirebis aTeuli. TiToeuli oceuli davyavi or jgufad, romlebic moZraobdnen erTmaneTis gverdigverd, or kolonad, ise, rom maTi kontrolireba SesaZlebeli yofiliyo xeli niSnebiT da vizualuri signalebiT. TiToeul oceuls win da ukan mihyveboda patruli. TiToeul aTeuls da oceuls davavale dakvireb yvela mimarTuleb da periodulad gaCerebuliyvnen koordinatebis misaRebad. 00:20 saaTze Cemma mewinave patrulma momaxsena, rom maT miaRwies Casafrebis adgils, xolo oci wuTis Semdeg mTeli Cemi aseuli imyofeboda adgilze.

ruka 39: Casafreba yandaRaris provinciaSi. Cems oceulebs da aTeulebs davakavebine poziciebi. Zalebi

ganvaTavse ise, rom Casafrebis adgilze Semosasvleli da gasasvleli gzebi daeblokaT, xolo Zalebis ZiriTadi nawili koncentrirdeboda Casafrebis adgilis centrSi. sanam Cemi jarebi Txridnen da amagrebdnen sacecxle poziciebs da Semdgom, sanam daasrulebdnen maT SeniRbvas, adgilze Semosasvlel da gasasvlel gzebze yvela mimarTulebiT xdeboda dakvirveba. menaRmeebma danaRmes Casafrebis adgilis mimdebare gzebi da 04:30 saaTze Cemi aseulis Casafreba mzad iyo.

05:00 saaTze brigadis qvedanayofebma alya Semoartyes sofel musaqalas da 05:30 saaTze daiwyes misi gawmenda. mowinaaRmdegem, romelmac Seferxebis mizniT cecxli gauxsna sofelSi myof sabWoTa Zalebs, gzas gauyena tyvia-wamliT datvirTuli satvirTo manqanebis kolona da gamoemarTa Cveni Casafrebisaken. 06:20 saaTze Cemma guSagma momaxsena, rom Casafrebis adgils uaxlovdeboda xuTi satvirTo manqana. maT moaRwies Cvenamde da pirveli manqana naRmze aufeTqdaT. pirvelma da me-3 oceulebma dauyovnebliv gauxsnes cecxli mowinaaRmdeges. ori manqana swrafad mibrunda da Seecada teritoria daetovebina. erT-erTi maTgani gavanadgureT marTvadi naRmiT, xolo meore gaanadgura me-2 oceulma. mowinaaRmdege daibna. misi sapasuxo cecxli iyo qaoturi da araorganizebuli. ramdenime mojahedma scada gaerRvia Casafreba, magram Cven aRvkveTeT maTi mcdeloba. brZola xanmokle gamodga. Cveni Casafrebis Sedegi iyo ocdaeqvsi mokluli mowinaaRmdege da ocic tyved ayvanili. dakavebulTa Soris rva daWrili iyo. Cven gavanadgureT xuTi satvirTo manqana, datvirTuli tyvia-wamliTa da sakvebiT. Cemi danakargi iyo erTi mokluli da xuTi daWrili. frunzes

akademiis

komentari:

am

brZolaSi

warmateba

ganpirobebuli iyo: swrafi gadawyvetilebiT Casafrebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb; moqmedebis organizebiT mcire droSi; Casafrebis adgilze swrafi, SeniRbuli SeRweviT da aseTive moqmedebiT; yvela meTauris mier iniciativis da simamacis gamoCeniT; qvedanayofebis da maTi cecxlis Seuferxebeli kontroliT da im qvedanayofebis mxardaWeriTa da maTTan mudmivi koordinirebiT, romlebic gzebs blokavdnen da sofels wmendnen. edaqtoris komentari: es wigni ar ganixilavs sakuTari Zalebis uneblie dazianebis problemas, magram rogorc Cans, Casafrebis es konkretuli SemTxveva qmnida sakuTari jaris samxedro mosamsaxureTa uneblie ganadgurebis an dazianebis winapirobas. dablobSi mdebare Zalebi ganlagebulni iyvnen maRlobze mdebare Zalebis gaswvriv. maRlobze ganlagebulma Zalebma cecxli gauxsnes mowinaaRmdegis kolonas da imave dros, SesaZloa sakuTar Zalebsac. angariSis Tanaxmad, mojahedebis sapasuxo cecxli qaoturi da araorganizebuli iyo. da mainc, sabWoelTa danakargma Seadgina erTi mokluli da xuTi daWrili, rac SesaZloa swored sakuTari Zalebis dazianebis Sedegi yofiliyo. garda amisa, Tu mojahedebma

Casafrebis adgils Rame miaRwies, Sesabamisad, dablobSi mdebare Zalebs cecxli unda gaexsnaT maRlobze mdebare ZalebisaTvis, radganac Ramis srolebi yovelTvis maRla aris mimarTuli. gamonakliss warmoadgens mxolod is SemTxvevebi, rodesac yovel sasrolo poziciaze ZelakebiTa da blokebiT Sendeba amaRlebebi. velze cecxlis amgvari damxmare saSualebebis damontaJeba ki RamiT Zalian Znelia. marTalia, am Casafrebam Sedegi gamoiRo, magram miuxedavad amisa mainc arsebobs ramdenime problematuri detali. mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebis zonaSi dasavleTidan Semavali transporti aSkarad ar kontroldeboda da naRmebis uyuradRebod damontaJebac aseve Casafrebis xelisSemSleli faqtori iyo. garda amisa, gzaze saTuo naRmebis gamoyeneba kontrolis saSualebas arTmevs Casafrebis meTaurs. mojahedebs ZiriTadi konvois win patrulirebis manqana rom gaeSvaT, SesaZloa naRmi moqmedebaSi mas moeyvana da amiT CaSlida mTel Casafrebas. fantvadi naRmebis gamoyeneba ki ufro metad gamarTlebuli iyo am situaciaSi.

sahaero-sadesanto jgufis Casafreba xidze vice-polkovniki v.p. gladiSevi116 iaraRi da tyvia-wamali, romliTac maragdebodnen mojahedebi,

avRaneTSi Semovida pakistanidan da iranidan. tvirTis didi nawili Semovida helmandis da yandaRaris provinciebSi. Cveni sahaero- sadesanto diviziis meTaurma gadawyvita Casafreba moewyo im marSrutebis gaswvriv, romlebsac am SeiaraRebiT datvirTuli qaravanebi savaraudod gamoiyenebdnen transportirebisTvis. 117 1982 wlis ivlisSi Cemi batalionis meTaurma mibrZana rekognoscirebis jgufis momzadeba. me aTi dRe mqonda imisaTvis, rom amocanis Sesasruleblad SemerCia da momemzadebina ockaciani jgufi. SevarCie batalionis oficrebi, serJantebi da jariskacebi, romlebic imyofebodnen gamorCeulad karg fizikur formaSi da hqondaT sabrZolo gamocdileba. Cems jgufSi iricxeboda ori oficeri, erTi zemdegi oficeri, xuTi serJanti da Tormeti jariskaci. jariskacebs Soris iyvnen: ori radiooperatori, ori menaRme, erTi eqimi da erTi Tarjimani, aseve, erTi oficeri avRaneTis khadidan (saidumlo policia, sabWoTa - tipis) . jgufis SeiaraReba moicavda eqvs tyviamfrqvevs, ToTxmet -74 sistemis moieriSe SaSxanas da -s sistemis avtomatur SaSxanas mayuCiT. TiToeul iaraRs hqonda ori sabrZolo kompleqti, TiTo kacze oTxi xelis yumbara, oTxi -18 tipis tanksawinaaRmdego iaraRi, xuTi naRmi, Svidi radio (aqedan oriT SeiZleboda davkavSirebodiT Sveulmfrenebs), Svidi wyvili durbindi, erTi Ramis xedvis saSualeba da javSanJiletebi yvelasTvis. jgufis wevrebs ecvaT kamuflaJirebuli farajebi da Ceqmebi. Cvens gaiares samiznes warmoadgenda satvirTo xidi, romelzec avRaneTis da kontrdazvervis mier mowodebuli informaciis mixedviT, wina RameebSi mowinaaRmdegis manqanebma, motocikletebma traqtorebma. 1982 wlis ivlisis bolos Cemi jgufi Casxda -8- tipis or vertmfrenSi. mzis Casvlamde erTi saaTiT adre Cven gadmogvsxes xididan xuT kilometrSi. Cvens gadmosxmas faravda -24 tipis oTxi moieriSe Sveulmfreni. desantis gadmosxma sabazo droSi ise iyo gaTvlili, rom mfrenebs
116

batalionis

banakSi

dabruneba

dabnelebamde

v.p. gladiSevi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi

1982 wlidan 1984 wlis ivnisis CaTvliT. igi iyo sahaero-sadesanto batalionis meTauris moadgile da SemdgomSi _ meTauric. dajildovebuli iyo ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT.
117

103-e sahaero-sadesanto divizia.

moeswroT. Cven davelodeT daRamebas da Semdgom farulad gadavadgildiT xidisaken. Cemma patrulma, romelic jgufisagan orasi metriT win midioda, aRmoaCina mowinaaRmdegis saTvalTvalo punqti, romelic Sedgeboda ori msrolelisgan Tavisi SaSxanebiT da motocikletiT. Cven davusxltiT maT, SemovuareT punqts da farulad gavagrZeleT gza xidisaken. adgilze misvlisas daviyaviT daniSnulebis qvejgufebad da ganvlagdiT Cemi gegmis mixedviT. Cemi Casafrebis qvejgufebs warmoadgendnen sacecxle mxardaWeris, usafrTxoebis, ayvanis da damxmare jgufebi. 21:30 saaTze Casafreba mowyobili iyo, xolo jariskacebi mzad iyvnen brZolisTvis.

ruka 40: sahaero-sadesanto jgufis Casafreba xidze.

mowinaaRmdegis

guSagebi

yovel

TxuTmet-oc

wuTSi

erTxel

axlomdebare soflebs niSans aZlevdnen fanrebis SuqiT, ris safuZvelzec vaskvnidi, rom Cveni iq yofna maT ar SeuniSnavT. aseTi viareba gagrZelda 02:30 saaTamde. Cveni gegmis mixedviT, 03:00 saaTze me unda gamomeyvana Casafrebidan Cemi jgufi da damewyo gadaadgileba asayvani zonisaken. 02:35 saaTze anovadan marZisaken moZravi saSualo zomis satvirTo manqana xids mouaxlovda. me gaveci -50 tipis ori naRmis moqmedebaSi moyvanis da cecxlis gaxsnis brZaneba. imavdroulad, usafrTxoebis jgufis orma jariskacma yumbarebi esrola mowinaaRmdegis saTvalTvalo punqts. mowinaaRmdegem ver daaRwia Tavi Cvens cecxls da or wuTSi yvelaferi dasrulda. mowinaaRmdege mTlianad ganadgur. mas Semdeg, rac ayvanis da sacecxle mxardaWeris jgufebma Sewyvites cecxli, Cven SevagroveT mowinaaRmdegis iaraRi, tyvia-wamali da dokumentebi. Cven gavanadgureT 28 mowinaaRmdege da xelSi CavigdeT ocdaTormeti sxvadasxva tipis iaraRi tyvia-wamalTan erTad. Cveni mxridan ar gvyavda arc erTi dazaralebuli an mokluli. Cven swrafad SevgrovdiT da gaveSureT ayvanis zonisaken. 07:00 saaTisTvis mfrenebma dagvabrunes Cvens sabazo banakSi. ivlisis bolodan seqtembris bolomde Cven CavatareT 18 msgavsi Casafreba. maTgan 14 dasrulda warmatebiT. am periodis ganmavlobaSi Cven dagveWra sami jariskaci. Cveni Casafrebis jgufebma gaanadgures daaxloebiT 200 da daakaves daaxloebiT 20 mojahedi. Cven xelT vigdeT daaxloebiT 200 sxvadasxva tipis iaraRi, didi raodenobiT tyvia-wamali da didi raodenobiT fuli. es iyo daaxloebiT 50 000 000 iranuli riali, pakistanuri rupia da avRanuri avRani. es fuli gankuTvnili iyo maTi iraneli da pakistaneli mrCevlebisaTvis gadasaxdelad. frunzes akademiis komentari: yvela es Casafreba warmatebiT dasrulda, radgan amocanisaTvis piradi Semadgenlobis SerCeva xdeboda gulmodgined, wvrTna kargad iyo Catarebuli, Casafrebis organizebisas yvela movaleoba naTlad iyo gansazRvruli, qvejgufebs Soris xdeboda detaluri koordinireba, jariskacebi imyofebodnen karg fizikur formaSi da gamoiyeneboda specialuri tansacmeli da fexsacmeli.

redaqtoris komentari: sabWoelebi qvedanayofis erTianobas qvedanayofebi uzrunvelyofas erTiandebian da Cveulebriv ise, rom qvedanayofis urTierTobebs

iseT

yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen, rogorc es xdeboda dasavleTSi. drodadro calkeuli erTianobis ar eqceva adamianur

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba. naTelia, rom aseTi Casafrebis jgufebi Seqmnili iyvnen mTeli batalionidan SemTxveviT arCeuli jariskacebisagan.

motomsroleli oceuli awyobs Casafrebas aibakis teritoriaze maiori v.n. popovi118 me-3 motomsroleli da sabWoTa raionSi batalioni gadioda usafrTxoebas milsadeni, icavda gzaze. 119 romliTac sawvavi. qalaqebis, batalionis avRaneTis batalionis

taSyorRanisa respublikas

aibakis

damakavSirebel miewodeboda

pasuxism,geblobis

kavSiridan

amocanas warmoadgenda milsadenis dacva Tavdasxmebisagan, satvirTo manqanebis kolonebis Seuferxebeli gadaadgilebis uzrunvelyofa da Cveni pasuxismgeblobis dacva. 1984 wlis aprilSi qalaqi aibaki mowinaaRmdege Zalebis naRmsatyorcnebis sistematuri cecxldaSenis obieqtad iqca. maT mTavar mizans warmoadgenda me-9 motomsroleli aseuli, romelic iq garnizonad iyo ganlagebuli. mowinaaRmdegis mxridan mudmivi dabombva aferxebda aseulis mier amocanebis Sesrulebas, azianebda moqalaqeebis sakuTrebas da iwvevda panikas. Cven SevecadeT Cveni artileriiT gagvenadgurebina mowinaaRmdege, magram am mcdelobam Sedegi ar gamoiRo. mowinaaRmdege zedmiwevniT kargad icnobda am teritorias. is isroda xuTidan rva Wurvamde da Semdeg icvlida sacecxle pozicias ise, rom ar xvdeboda sapasuxo cecxlis qveS. dazvervis agentma mogvaxsena, rom rva-aTkacianma jgufma, romelmac naRmsatyorcnebiT ganaxorciela Seteva aibakze, datova poziciebi da Sesvenebis da tyvia-wamlis maragis Sevsebis mizniT, gadavida sofel kakabulakSi. es jgufi sofelSi Seisvenebda ori dRis ganmavlobaSi. Cven vicodiT marSruti, romelsac gamoiyenebdnen mojahedebi. me-3 motomsroleli batalionis meTaurma gadawyvita Casafreba moewyo am marSrutze oceuliT, romelsac zurgs gaumagrebda me-8 motomsroleli aseulis danarCeni nawili. raionSi arsebuli mniSvnelovani Senoba-nagebobebis

118

v.n. popovi motomsroleli batalionis Stabis ufrosis asistentad msaxurobda

avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi 1984 wlis Tebervlidan 1986 wlis martis CaTvliT.
119

me-3 motomsroleli batalioni, 122-e motomsroleli polki, 201-e motomsroleli

divizia.

batalionis meTaurma gadawyvita Casafreba moewyo Rame, sanam mojahedebi dasavleTSi dabrundebodnen. me-8 motomsroleli aseuli, romelic imyofeboda javSantransportiorebze, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, pirdapiri cecxliT gauwevda mxardaWeras SecdomaSi Casafrebas da aseve Cven gamoyofda CavatareT Casafrebis oceuls. Casafrebis oceulis gaZliereba moxdeboda -17-iT. mowinaaRmdegis Seyvanis mizniT, rekognoscireba aibakis teritoriaze da Cveni moqmedebebis koordinireba SevasruleT avRanur qvedanayofebTan. Casafrebis oceulis amocanas warmoadgenda CamoqveiTeba moZravi satransporto saSualebebidan, romlebic patrulirebas axorcielebdnen milsadenis gaswvriv, gadasaxvevidan Casafrebis adgilamde misvla, adgilis dakaveba da mowinaaRmdegis gauvnebelyofa. me-7 motomsroleli aseuli, romelic daaxloebiT 40 kilometris daSorebiT iyo ganlagebuli, uzrunvelyofda me-8 motomsrolelTa aseulidan gamoyofil Casafrebis oceuls dasakavebeli teritoriiTa da wvrTniT. aseulis meTaurma me-8 motomsroleli aseulis es oceuli amocanisaTvis gawvrTna Casafrebis adgilis msgavs teritoriaze. wvrTnis pirvel dRes SemuSavda ramdenime samoqmedo gegma, damokidebuli imaze, Tu ra gziT SemoaRwevdnen mojahedebi Casafrebis adgilamde. im SemTxvevisTvis, Tu mowinaaRmdege aRmoaCenda Casafrebas, meTaurebma Tavisi gegmebi ise SeuTanxmes erTmaneTs, rom me-8 motomsroleli aseulis danarCeni nawili sacecxle mxardaWeras gauwevda Casafrebis momwyob Zalas. oceuli yuradRebiT moekida sacecxle mxardaWeris da ayvanis jgufebis moqmedebebis erTmaneTSi koordinirebis sakiTxs. man aseve imuSava moZravi javSantransportiorebidan gadmosxmis procedurebzec. meore dRes jarebma iaraRi da aRWurviloba brZolisaTvis moamzades. SuadReze oceuli kvlav SeuerTda merve motomsrolel aseuls.

ruka 41: motomsroleli oceuli awyobs Casafrebas Casafrebis adgilze oceulis gadayvana moxda me-8 motomsroleli aseulis ori javSantransportioriT. sagzao patrulirebisaTvis Cven ZiriTadad or manqnas viyenebdiT. 21:00 saaTze javSantransportiorTa jgufi gavida patrulirebaze. 22:30 saaTze, rodesac patrulireba dasasruls miuaxlovda, Casafrebis jgufis piradma Semadgenlobam daiwyo CamoqveiTeba moZravi -ebidan. isini gaiSalnen, Cawvnen sangarSi, romelic gzis gaswvriv, xuTas metrze iyo gadaWimuli da daelodnen oceulis xelmZRvanelis signals. isini TxrilSi iwvnen ocdaaTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi, sanam oceulis xelmZRvaneli ar darwmunda, rom ver aRmoaCines. Semdeg man oceuls

misca Segrovebis signali. meTaurma oceulis win gaagzavna ori patruli da Semdgom daiZrnen Casafrebis adgilisaken. oceuls oTxi saaTi dasWirda daniSnulebis adgilamde misasvlelad. 02:30 saaTze maT miaRwies TolagaCidan aRmosavleTiT, sami kilometris daSorebiT mdebare adgils. oceulis sacecxle poziciebze ganlagebis Semdgom meTaurma detalurad moargo TiToeuli jgufis amocana adgilmdebareobas. daniSnul droze oceulis xelmZRvanelma orjer daarRvia siCume raciaze Rilakis daWeriT, riTic aniSna batalionis meTaurs, rom Casafreba mzad iyo brZolisaTvis. 05:00 saaTze Cven SevniSneT, rom mowinaaRmdege gviaxlovdeboda. oceulis xelmZRvanelma zonaSi, mowinave patruli win gauSva da daavala dalodeboda ZiriTad nawils. rodesac ZiriTadi nawili Sevida mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebis Cven danebeba movTxoveT mowinaaRmdeges. mojahedebi ar dagvnebdnen da amis nacvlad, mcirekalibriani iaraRidan gagvixsnes cecxli. brZola daiwyo. oceulis meTaurma saswrafod Seatyobina amis Sesaxeb batalionis meTaurs radioTi. me-8 motomsroleli aseuli batalionis Stabis ufrosis meTaurobiT gamoemarTa poziciebis dasablokad, raTa xeli SeeSala mowinaaRmdegisaTvis ukan daxevisas da daxmareboda Casafrebis jgufs. rodesac brZola gamZafrda, mojahedebi mixvdnen, rom maxeSi gaebnen da Seecadnen Tavi daeRwiaT alyisTvis. am dros me-8 motomsroleli aseuli mouaxlovda brZolis adgils da moaxdina gasasvleli gzis blokireba. Casafrebis jgufsa da mis mxardamWer motomsrolel aseuls Soris mWidro koordinirebam uzrunvelyo is, rom mowinaaRmdegem veRar SeZlo gaqceva. Cven gavanadgureT 14 mowinaaRmdege da tyved aviyvaneT 4. aseve, xelT vigdeT sami naRmtyorcni, mcirekalibriani iaraRi da tyvia-wamali. Setakebisas dagveWra 3 jariskaci. frunzes akademiis komentari: am magaliTis dadebiT mxareebs warmoadgens realuri sabrZolo adgilis msgavs adgilze Catarebuli wvrTna, romelic ar eqceoda mowinaaRmdegis dakvirvebis arealSi; Casafrebis jgufisaTvis Casafrebis gegmis ramdenime variantis SemuSaveba da Casafrebis adgilze qvedanayofis SeumCneveli gadayvana. meore mxriv, maT ar SeudgeniaT gegmis iseTi varianti, romelic gaTvlili iqneboda mowinaaRmdegis imaze ufro didi Zalis gamoCenaze, vidre isini elodnen. garda amisa, mowinaaRmdegisTvis danebebis moTxovna yovelTvis kargi idea rodia. axlo manZilze moulodneli, moulodneli cecxlis gaxsna axdens

mowinaaRmdegis demoralizebas da sagrZnoblad amcirebs sakuTar ZalebSi dazaralebulTa raodenobas. redaqtoris komentari: oceulis amocana iyo mowinaaRmdegis

ganadgureba an dakaveba. ratom undodaT mowinaaRmdegis gamowveva da maTTvis danebebis moTxovna, dasafiqrebelia. maTi konkretuli amocanis Tanaxmad, nebismieri uvnebeli). tyveebis Casafrebis rogorc ayvanis Semdeg moTxovna yovelTvis mizezi ar yofila, Tumca, Tu maT an sWirdebodaT tyveebi, sabrZolo gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom rogorc wesi, rCeba ar tyveebi iyo (daWrili Cans, aranairi mowinaaRmdegis

gamowvevisa da moulodnelobis efeqtis dakargvisa. gamowveva Zalisa, romelic TiTqmis utoldeba sakuTars, ar aris gamarTlebuli da safrTxes warmoadgens sakuTari ZalisaTvis.

motomsroleli aseuli awyobs Casafrebas loi-yarezis regionSi maiori a.v. vanianci120 yandaRaris provinciaSi sabWoTa Zalebis yofnis ganmavlobaSi

partizanuli Zalebi sistematurad esxmodnen Tavs kolonebs, Zarcvavdnen adgilobriv mosaxleobas, wvavdnen skolebs da cdilobdnen qalaq yandaRaris dakavebas. calkeuli motomsroleli brigadis me-2 motomsroleli batalioni garnizonSi iyo ganlagebuli qalaq yandaRarSi 121. es batalioni iyo brigadis yvelaze gamocdili da brZolaSi gamobrZmedili qvedanayofi da monawileoba hqonda miRebuli brigadis yvela operaciaSi. batalioni gansakuTrebiT daxelovnebuli iyo Casafrebis mowyobaSi da Tanabrad iyo adaptirebuli Casafrebis adgilze, rogorc mfrenebiT, ise sabWoTa qveiTi muxluxa sabrZolo manqanebiT (e.w. ) gadayvanis procedurebTan. Cven CasafrebebisaTvis movemzadeT Zalian zusti, srulyofili da detaluri meTodebiT. Cven unda mogvemzadebina da Segvemowmebina Cveni piradi Semadgenloba, misi iaraRebi, aRWurviloba da Rami xedvis saSualebebi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Casafreba moicavda Zala. desantis mfreniT monawile gadasxmas, batalionis meTaurs an mis Stabis ufross piradad unda gaewvrTna Casafrebis momwyobi CasafrebaSi mfrenebiT gadasayvani sahaero-sadesanto jgufebisaTvis jariskacebi da serJantebi avarCieT maTi saukeTeso fizikuri momzadebis, sabrZolo gamocdilebis, sxvadasxva tipis iaraRis da kavSirgabmulobis aRWurvilobis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis mixedviT. rodesac Cveni qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanebiT Casafrebis adgilze gadavdiodiT, yovelTvis migvyavda Tan Cveni qvedanayofis yvela wevri. 1984 wlis 12 ivniss Cemi srulad aRWurvili motomsroleli aseuli qveiTTa sabrZolo manqaniT gadavida loi-yarezis regionSi Casafrebis mosawyobad. amocanas meTaurobda batalionis Stabis ufrosi kapitani v. patruSevi. Cemi aseuli daiyo Casafrebis 4 jgufad. maTgan erT-erTi gaemarTa patara
120

a.v. vanianci avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi oceulis da

aseulis meTaurad msaxurobda 1982-84 ww, xolo 1987-88 ww- batalionis Stabis ufrosad. dajildoebuli iyo ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT.
121

70-e calkeuli motomsroleli brigade (red.).

mdinarisaken, raTa moexdina fonis mxaris blokireba. Casafrebis jgufis meTaurma gasca brZaneba daeyenebinaT meTvalTvaleebi da danarCeni jariskacebisTvis daevalebinaT sacecxle poziciebis gaTxra.

ruka 42: motomsroleli aseuli awyobs Casafrebas loi-yarezis maxloblad, 1213 ivnisi, 1984 weli.

13 ivnisis 02:00 saaTis Semdeg meTvalTvaleebma SeniSnes satvirTo manqanis wina Suqebi, rodesac igi maRlobidan eSveboda. ramdenime wuTSi winamZRol manqanas ukan mohyva 13 satvirTo manqanisagan Semdgari kolona. isini gaCerdnen fonis mxaridan daaxloebiT samas metrSi. RamiT xedvis saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, davinaxeT daaxloebiT ocdaaTi

mojahedi, romlebic frTxilad moemarTebodnen Cveni Casafrebis adgilisaken. maT yuradRebiT daaTvalieres teritoria. jgufis meTaurma gadawyvita ukan gamoeyvana Casafrebis jari, radgan mowinaaRmdegis qmedeba Zala xels SeuSlida warmatebulobas. mowinaaRmdegis raodenobiT

aRemateboda Casafrebis jgufs Sesabamisad, 30:14-Tan da amasTan, ebi 7 kilometriT iyvnen daSorebulni Casafrebis adgils da ver SeZlebdnen sacecxle mxardaWeriT maT uzrunvelyofas. gamTeniisas Casafrebis jgufebma miaRwies aseulis Sekrebis adgils. garkveuli drois Semdeg erT-erTma mzveravma mogvaxsena, rom mojahedebi axlomdebare velze kolonad Sekrulni moemarTebodnen Cveni mimarTulebiT. rogorc Cans, mowinaaRmdegem miagno im adgils, sadac Rame Cveni Casafrebis jgufi imaleboda da gadawyvita Cxreka Caetarebina Cveni Casafrebis Zalis aRmosaCenad. Casafrebis adgilze mimofantuli iyo konservis qilebi, sigaretis namwvebi da sigaretis carieli kolofebi. rogorc Cans, mojahedebma ifiqres, rom arealSi mxolod 10-15 kaci iqneboda. Cems erT-erT oceuls vubrZane dislocireba aseulis Sekrebis adgilTan axlos, moewyo Casafreba da momzadebuliyo brZolisaTvis. sxva 2 oceuls vubrZane malulad daewyoT moZraoba mojahedebis flangebis mimarTulebiT da moqmedebis damalvis mizniT, gamoeyenebinaT adgilmdebareobis nakecebi. Cven movicadeT, sanam mowinaaRmdege Semovidoda velze arsebul did vakeze, raTa srulad Semogvertya misTvis alya. saWiro momentSi me dasaxmareblad movuxme or moieriSe Sveulmfrens da gaveci cecxlis gaxsnis brZaneba. Cven gavanadgureT 28 mojahedi da SevagroveT 32 erTeuli sxvadasxva saxis iaraRi, maT Soris, 3 yumbarsatyorcni. aseve xelT vigdeT mniSvnelovani dokumentebi da islamuri oficialuri beWdebi. Cems aseuls danakargi ar hqonia. frunzes akademiis komentari: Casafrebis warmateba ganapiroba Semdegma faqtorebma: mowinaaRmdegis Zalebisa da adgilmdebareobis detalurma rekognoscirebam; aseulis jgufebis moqmedebebis zedmiwevniTi moxerxebulma dagegmvam; Casafrebisas adgilmdebareobis

gamoyenebam; brZolis ganmavlobaSi qvedanayofebis Seuferxebelma da mtkice kontrolimada moieriSe Sveulmfrenebis mxardaWeram.

redaqtoris komentari: sabWoTa armia dabanakebis adgilsa da sacecxle poziciebs iSviaTad tovebda sufTad. marTalia, isini Txridnen savele sapirfareSoebs, magram jariskacebi ZiriTadad dabanakebis adgils ufro abinZurebdnen, vidre iyenebdnen sapirfareSoebs. nagavi eyara yvelgan. aSkaraa, rom am SemTxvevaSic msgavsi viTareba iyo maTi Casafrebis adgilze, rac mojahedebisaTvis iq sabWoTa jaris arsebobis mimaniSnebeli aRmoCnda. rogorc Cans, am SemTxvevaSi nagvis raodenoba ar iyo imdeni, rom gamoevlina Casafrebis jgufis realuri sidide, rac aseulis meTaurma sakuTari warmatebisTvis gamoiyena. nagavze ufro metad samwuxaro is faqtia, rom Casafrebis jgufis jariskacebi eweodnen Tambaqos uSualod poziciebze yofnis drosac. im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac mwevelebi Tambaqos ewevian labadis an brezentis qveS, sigaretis suni mainc vrceldeba, gansakuTrebiT Ramis nestian da civ haerSi. rusuli Tambaqo gamoirCeva Zlieri da mZafri suniT. es mianiSnebs zogadad, savele brZolis codnisa da disciplinis naklebobaze. batalionis meTauri da batalionis Stabis ufrosi piradad iRebdnen monawileobas mcire jgufebis wvrTnaSi. profesionali serJantebi deficitisa da umcrosi oficrebis undoblobis gamo, batalionis meTaurobas uxdeboda im samsaxuris Sesruleba, romelsac sxva armia leitenantebsa da serJantebs daavalebda. Sedegad ki, zaraldeboda batalionis sxva nawilebi.

sahaero-sadesanto oceuli awyobs Casafrebas helmandis provinciaSi maiori a.a. tolkaCevi122 Cveni avRanuri sahaero-sadesanto avRaneTis saidumlo batalionis policiis amocanas warmoadgenda sadazvervo gadawyvita Casafrebis

yandaRaridan 300 kilometriT samxreTiT mdebare sazRvris nawilis kontroli. mier mowodebul meTaurma Catarebuli moxsenebebze Cemi dayrdnobiT, jgufi Cemi batalionis gaswvriv

mowinaaRmdegeze TavdasxmisaTvis gamoeyenebina Casafrebebi. Casafrebis sazRvris Semdgom SveulmfrenebiT brundeboda sabazo banakSi. rodesac Cven gadavufrineT mdinare helmands, me aRmovaCine gza, romelic mdinaris ,,mwvane zonas~ rodesac esazRvreboda. Cven davwieT Sveulmfreni xuTi-aTi Cvens sabazo banakSi davbrundiT, satvirTo miviRe metriT qveviT da me maSinve SevniSne satvirTo manqanis axali nakvalevi. dasasveneblad rom informacia, partizanuli ZalebiT datvirTulma manqanam

daaxloebiT ormocdaaTi kaci Semoiyvana Cvens samoqmedo arealSi. me mivedi batalionis meTaurTan da vurCie, rom gavegzavne axlad aRmoCenil gzaze Casafrebis mosawyobad. batalionis meTaurma damavala aRniSnul teritoriaze Casafreba momewyo 1984 wlis 3-dan 10 dekembramde. Cemi Casafrebis Zala Sedgeboda ocdaxuTi kacisagan, romelTaganac ori oficeri iyo. igi moicavda 3 aTeuls, romelTaganac TiToeuli Sedgeboda aTmeTaurisgan da ori samkaciani sacecxle jgufisgan. rodesac CavfrindiT aRniSnul teritoriaze, me damoukideblad avirCie Casafrebis adgili. Sveulmfrenebma xelovnurad gaiTamaSes desantis gadasxma erT cru sahaero desantirebis raionSi, romelic Sedgeboda ori yalbi daSvebis zonisagan erTi maTgani Cveni daSvebis zonidan 10-20 kilometriT iyo daSorebuli, xolo meore 5-6 kilometriT. miwaze daveSviT daRamebamde. me mqonda 10 dRis samyofi sakvebi da wyali. Cven Tan waviReT 2 dRis maragi, xolo danarCeni davmarxeT SeniRbul adgilze. TiToeuli jariskacis aRWurviloba
122

iwonida

35-40

kilograms.

daRamebis

Semdgom

Cven

gadavediT Casafrebis adgilze. rodesac mivediT gzasTan, me piradad

aA.a. tolkaCevi msaxurobda avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontigentSi saparaSuto-sadesanto aseulis meTaurad 1983 w. maisidan 1985 wlis maisamde,. mas miRebuli aqvs ,,wiTeli droSis ordeni.

avarCie sacecxle poziciebi, srolis seqtorebi da ganvsazRvre, Tu rogor moxdeboda poziciebis dacva da SeniRbva. TiToeulma jariskacma gaTxara wolela mdgomareobis sangrebi sacecxle poziciisaTvis. Txris Sedegad darCenili Cvenma talaxi orma maT gadazides adgilmdebareobis Cavardnil adgilze. da inJinerma moqmedebaSi brZanebiT momyvani

mavTulWimiT

moqmedebaSi momyvani

naRmebiT danaRmes veli 123.

Ramis ganmavlobaSi Zalis ori mesamedi sabrZolo poziciebze imyofeboda, xolo erTi mesamedi am dros isvenebda. dRis ganmavlobaSi viyenebdi 3 meTvalTvales, danarCenebi ki isvenebdnen. pirveli Ramis ganmavlobaSi mowinaaRmdege moqmedebaSi ar gamoCenila. dRis ganmavlobaSi mavTulWimiT raTa isini momyvan naRmebis amfeTqebs vxsnidiT,

cxovelebs ar aefeTqebinaT da Sedegad, ar CaeSalaT Cveni Casafreba.

123

MON ( ) seriis naRmi aris aSS.-is

,,kleimori-s msgavsi mimarTuli moqmedebis qveiTsawinaaRmdego naRmi. maTi damontaJeba SeiZleba ise, rom detonireba moxdes fexwamosakravi mavTuliT an cecxlsasroli saSualebiT.

ruka 43: sahaero-sadesanto oceulis Casafreba helmandis provinciaSi. Cveni Casafrebis adgils warmoadgenda udabnos vake. es adgili avirCie im mizeziT, rom igi ,,mwvane zonaze ufro maRla imyofeboda da saSualebas gvaZlevda nebismieri mimarTulebiT teritorias davkvirvebodiT sakmaod Sor manZilze. dRis ganmavlobaSi Cven SegveZlo 3-5 kilometris radiusiT dakvirveba, xolo Rame satvirTo manqanis wina Suqebis SemCneva SegveZlo 20-25 kilometris manZilze. satvirTo manqanis xma SegveZlo gagvego 3-5 kilometri manZilidan.

momdevno dRes, erTma mecxvarem cxvris didi fara gadaiyvana ,,mwvane zonasa da Cvens danaRmul vels Soris moqceul teritoriaze. mogvianebiT erTma momTabarem iqve gaiara 3 aqlemiT. verc erTma maTganma ver aRmoaCina Cveni Casafreba. jars dReSi orjer vaWmevdi ,,dRis banakSi, romelic mdebareobda adgilmdebareobis Cavardnil adgilze. sakvebs jariskacebi iRebdnen diliT, rodesac brundebodnen Casafrebidan da saRamos, isev poziciebze dabrunebamde. TiToeul jariskacs yovel 24 saaTSi erTxel vaZlevdi erT litr wyals. pirveli ori Ramis ganmavlobaSi araferi momxdara. momdevno dilas ocmeTauri ramdenime jariskacTan erTad gavagzavne sakvebisa da wylis samalavTan, raTa Segvevso adgilze arsebuli maragebi. 5-6 dekembris ganmavlobaSi satvirTo qviSis qariSxali mZvinvarebda. xma. 6 dekembris saRamos qariSxali, rogorc iqna, Cadga. 6 dekembris Rames moulodnelad brZaneba, gavigoneT manqanebis Zravebis gaveci brZolisaTvis momzadebuliyvnen. jariskacebma moamzades

iaraRi da -18-ebi. 30 wuTis Semdeg Casafrebis adgils mouaxlovda 130 markis sami mZime124 da ori msubuqi satvirTo manqana. maT wina farebi gamorTuli hqondaT. rodesac yvela manqana Semovida mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebis zonaSi, me avafeTqe ori naRmi, rac iyo cecxlis gaxsnis niSani. cecxls vakontrolebdiT me da ocmeTauri. cecxlis koreqtirebisa da gadatanisaTvis viyenebdiT manaTobel Wurvebs da mgezav tyviebs. brZolis pirvelive wuTebSi yvela satvirToze mivitaneT ieriSi -18isa da cecxlsasroli gamoyenebiT. erT-erTi satvirTo manqana, romelmac scada motrialeba da Casafrebis adgilis datoveba, naRmze afeTqda. mowinaaRmdege Zalis piradi Semadgenlobis irgvliv iyo cecxlmokidebuli, feTqebadi sabrZolo masalis alya. Cven aRvkveTeT maTi alyidan Tavis daRwevis yvela mcdeloba. am moqmedebisas mowinaaRmdegis danakargma Seadgina 44 mokluli jariskaci da iaraRiT, sabrZolo masaliT da aRWurvilobiT datvirTuli 3 satvirTo manqana. Cems jgufs danakargi ar hqonia. frunzes akademiis komentari: sahaero-sadesanto qvedanayofis mier miRweuli warmateba iyo Sedegi Casafrebis swori, marjve organizebisa;
124

-130 aris 150 cxenis Zaliani, 4X2 sabWoTa manqana, romelsac SeuZlia 5.5

tonis gadatana.

kargad agebuli da SeniRbuli sacecxle poziciebisa; naRmebis marjved gamoyenebis; oficris mier RamiT cecxlis cecxlisa da manaTobeli Wurvebis da gamoyenebiT. redaqtoris komentari: jari gavida bazidan 7 dRiT da Tan waiRo 10 dRis maragi. mowinaaRmdegesTan Sexebamde maT 4 dRe gaatares erTsa da imave adgilze, erTi da imave reJimiT. adgilobrivma mcxovreblebma gaiares maTi Casafrebis teritoriaze da miuxedavad imisa, rom meTauri darwmunebuli iyo, rom isini ver aRmoaCines, amis albaToba mainc arsebobda. aris Tu ara amdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi erTsa da imave poziciaze gaCereba marTebuli gadawyvetileba? Tu es karg saSualebas iZleva kontrCasafrebisaTvis Zalis mosawyobad? kontrolisa, axlo distanciaze mgezavi sabrZolo masalis

rekognoscirebis gaZlierebuli oceuli awyobs Casafrebas surubis Crdilo-dasavleTiT maiori i.v. solonini125 1985 wlis dekemberSi mojahedebis moqmedeba gaZlierda qabulis, yandaRarisa da taxaris provinciebSi. qaravnebs partizanuli ZalebisaTvis sul ufro da ufro meti raodenobis iaraRi, sabrZolo masala da saomari maragebi gadmohqondaT pakistanidan. mojahedebis mier mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebebis SeCerebis mizniT, umaRlesma sardlobam gadawyvita misi pasuxismgeblobis raionSi ganexorcielebina Casafrebebi. me viyavi sahaero-sadesanto batalionis meTauri. Cemi batalionis Stabis ufrosTan brZaneba da Cemi rekognoscirebis meTaurTan erTad, miviRe mowyobis Sesaxeb. Cven organizebulad Zalebi aqtiurad Casafrebebis

vmuSaobdiT qvedanayofebisa da Casafrebis gegmis mosamzadeblad. batalionis surubs, pasuxismgeblobis mdebareobda raionSi qabulidan partizanuli moqmedebdnen. Cveni pasuxismgeblobis raionis centri emTxveoda sofel romelic aRmosavleTiT, ormocdaaT kilometrSi, qabul-jalalabadis sagzao monakveTze. partizanebi adgilobriv mosaxleobaze zegavlenas inarCunebdnen maTi Zaladobrivi gatacebebisa da pakistanSi wayvanis, mTavrobis oficialur pirebze Tavdasxmebis, dazvervam, maT eleqtroZabvis xazebis afeTqebis, kolonebze ieriSebisa da Cveni sabazo banakebis dablobSi dabombvis iaraRiT gziT. avRaneTis qaravnebis SemdgomSi saidumlo policiis romelTanac Cven axlo kavSiri gvqonda, mogvaxsena pakistanidan panjSeris datvirTuli raioni. gadaadgilebis avRaneTis Sesaxeb. moxsenebebSi aRwerili iyo, Tu rogor gadakveTes qaravnebma batalionis pasuxismgeblobis saidumlo policiis moxsenebebSi aRwerili iyo, Tu rogor modiodnen mojahedebi yoveldRiurad Zigdalaidan surubSi Cveni garnizonis dasazverad da teroristuli aqtebis Casatareblad. me gadavwyvite Casafrebebis SevarCie mowyoba batalionis mojahedebis savaraudo oceuli, gaTvliT. marSrutebze, romelic mdebareobda surubidan 5 kilometris daSorebiT, CrdiloeTiT. CasafrebisTvis oceuli, rekognoscirebis -17 Tavisi sahaero-sadesanto
125

sainJinro aTeuli da

Casafrebis Zalis piradi Semadgenloba mTlianobaSi Seadgenda 23 jariskacs.

i.v. solonini avRaneTSi sahaero-sadesanto batalionis meTaurad msaxurobda 1985-87 wlebSi.

Zala gavwvrTeniT ise, rom reagireba SeZleboda brZolis nebismieri scenariT ganviTarebis yoveldRiuri, SemTxvevaSi. Cveuli wvrTnis Zalis momzadeba Casafrebas erT xdeboda mxars saidumlod, dauWerdnen Casvlisas sababiT.

TviTmavali naRmsatyorcnebi. dekembris meore naxevarSi, saRamos, mzis rekognoscirebis gaZlierebuli oceuli kapitan v.p. bobrovis meTaurobiT gadavida Casafrebis adgilze. daniSnulebis wertilamde miRweva rTuli aRmoCnda, radgan Casafrebis Zalas gverdi unda aevlo avRaneTis armiis usafrTxoebis poziciisaTvis.126 Cven ar gviTqvams Cveni avRaneli mezoblebisaTvis Cveni Casafrebis Sesaxeb, radgan gvindoda dagvemala es faqti da gamogvericxa informaciis gaJonva.

126

avRaneTis armiis me-14 qveiTi brigada da avRaneTis ,,sarandois (Sarandoy) me-4 brigada.

ruka 44: rekognoscirebis oceulis Casafreba surubis CrdilodasavleTSi 00:30 saaTze miviRe radioSetyobineba, rom oceulma miaRwia adgils da daikava poziciebi. inJinrebma danaRmes is savaraudo gzebi, romlebic mojahedebs SeiZleboda gamoeyenebinaT gasaqcevad. maT aseve daamontaJes moqmedebaSi brZanebiT momyvani naRmebic. Casafreba moewyo borcvis qedze, romelic gadahyurebda gasasvlels. Casafrebis jgufi ganlagebuli iyo or Sred. Sempyrobi jgufi warmoadgenda pirvel Sres, xolo mxardaWeris jgufi ganlagebuli iyo 50 metriT maRla da, Sesabamisad, warmoadgenda meore Sres. adgilidan xorcieldeboda uwyveti radiokavSiri

batalionTan. pirvel Rames araferi momxdara. dRis ganmavlobaSi piradi Semadgenloba imaleboda samalav poziciebze da sacecxle poziciebze rCebodnen mxolod meTvalTvaleebi. garda amisa, saSiSroebis Sesaxeb gafrTxilebaze pasuxismgebeli iyo batalionis saTvalTvalo punqti, romelic moTavsebuli iyo borcvze. rodesac daRamda, Casafrebis jgufma kvlav daikava Tavisi poziciebi. 23:45 saaTze Casafrebis jgufma SeniSna muqi silueti, romelic gasasvlels mouaxlovda jegdaleis mxridan. mas misces gavlis saSualeba, radgan ifiqres, rom patruli iyo. es erT-erTi iyo im variantebidan, romelic Cven gvqonda navaraudevi da romlisTvisac saTanadod movemzadeT. ucnobi subieqti ukan gabrunda da gauCinarda jegdaleisaken mimaval daRmarTze. 03:00 saaTze Casafrebis Zalam dainaxa misken momavali 11 SeiaraRebuli kaci. ocmeTaurma gadawyvita daekavebina es jgufi. mowinaaRmdege Semovida ganadgurebis zonaSi da xanmokle intensiuri srolis Sedegad movkalTi iqna 5, xolo tyved ayvanili - 6 mojahedi. Casafrebis jgufma swrafad daiwyo poziciebidan ukan gamosvla sxvadasxva gasasvlelebis gamoyenebiT. am droisaTvis, avRaneTis armiis yvela usafrTxoebis

saguSagos Seatyobines, rom rekognoscirebis oceuli maTi poziciebis gavliT

brundeboda ukan. 05:20 saaTze oceuli dabrunda batalionis sabazo banakSi. aranairi danakargi ar gvqonia. dakavebulma mojahedebma dakiTxvisas gviCvenes iaraRisa da sabrZlo masalis didi samalavi, romelic surubiSi hqondaT. garda amisa, tyveebma mogvawodes informacia, romlis saSualebiTac aRvkveTeT surubis hidroeleqtrosadguris dazianebis mcdeloba. frunzes gviCvenebs,

akademiis
rom

komentari: Casafreba

es

sabrZolo rTulia.

gamocdileba Cven mier

warmatebuli

Zalze

ganxorcielebuli Casafrebebis 90%-ze mets Sedegi ar mohyolia, risTvisac arsebobda ramdenime mizezi. pirveli, Cveni qvedanayofebi yovelTvis ver axerxebdnen SeumCnevlad misuliyvnen Casafrebis adgilamde. meore, umaRlesma araumcires, gaTvlis sardlobam 25 gamosca instruqciebi da Casafrebebis rom yoveli Sesaxeb, Casafrebis romlebic gansazRvravdnen, rom Casafrebis momwyobi jgufi unda yofiliyo, kacisagan am Semdgari ganxorcielebisas unda yofiliyo gamoyenebuli mZime SeiaraReba Tavisi monawileobiT. gamafrTxilebeli zomebis gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis ar iyo gamarTlebuli. yoveli Casafrebis jgufis Semadgenloba

damokidebuli iyo realur situaciaze. mesame, instruqciebis gadacema moiTxovda radioSetyobinebebis Casafrebis jgufis gadaWarbebul mier Casafrebis raodenobas adgilisaken _ gasvlis, Setyobinebebs

adgilze misvlis, brZolisTvis mzadyofnisa da qvedanayofis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb da aseve saaTSi erTxel radiokavSiris Semowmebas. Sedegad, mowinaaRmdege igebda Cvens ganzraxvas da aRar gadaadgildeboda im raionSi, Cveni Casafrebis oficrisa iq da yofnis ganmavlobaSi. aRWurviloba Casafrebisas da forma igi gamosayenebeli aRWurviloba gansakuTrebul problemas warmoadgenda. praqtikulad, gamo. armiis yvela jariskacis aradamakmayofilebeli iyo arakomfortulobisa da moZraobis SemzRudvelobis fexsacmeli sruliad Seuferebelia CasafrebebisaTvis. mouxerxebeli da Zalian mZimea mTaze cocvisas. mojahedebs SeeZloT Cveni Casafrebis adgilis amocnoba Cvenive fexsacmlis nakvalevis mixedviT. redaqtoris komentari: aSkaraa, rom sabWoelebma da avRanurma mTavrobam Zalian cota gaakeTa imisaTvis, rom konkurencia gaewiaT mojahedebisTvis RamiT moqmedebebSi. Ramis patrulireba da Casafrebebi warmoadgenda ara yoveldRiur, aramed calkeulad dagegmil amocanebs. batalionebi da aseulebi mojahedebis naRmsatyorcnebis da raketebis ieriSebisagan Tavis dasacavad Ramis ganmavlobaSi TavianT sabazo banakSi arsebul bunkerebs afarebdnen Tavs. Sesabamisad, mojahedebis maragebiT datvirTuli qaravnebi mudmivad axerxebdnen sabazo banakebis gverdiT Seuferxeblad Cavlas. aTeulis zomis Casafrebebi akrZaluli iyo armiis me-40 instruqciis mixedviT, maSin, roca oceulis zomis Casafreba xSirad zedmetad didi da rTuli samarTavia. sabWoelebi aTeulis zomis Casafrebebs avRaneTSi krZalavdnen serJantebis araprofesionalizmisa da, savaraudod, maTdami undoblobis gamo, Tumca aTeulis zomis Casafrebebi, iseve, rogorc oceulis zomisa, warmoadgendnen im sabWoTa Zalebis wvrTnis programis nawils, romlis dislocirebac ar xdeboda avRaneTSi. avRaneTSi TiToeul Casafrebas, rogorc wesi, Tan axlda 2 oficeri. am warmatebulma Casafrebam mainc ver SeZlo misi amocanis srulad Sesruleba - pakistanidan momavali maragebiT datvirTuli qaravnebis xelSi Cagdeba. ar aris naxsenebi vietnamis ori siaxle, kerZod meqanikuri Casafreba da ,,mxolod kleimorebisa da yumbarebis Casafreba. meqanikuri Casafreba, romlis drosac xdeba mavTulWimiT moqmedebaSi momyvani naRmebis gamoyeneba, Casafrebis meTaurs arTmevs kontrolis saSualebas, magram

samagierod, SeumCnevels tovebs Casafrebis jgufs. mxolod mavTulWimiT moqmedebaSi SeumCnevels saxeobebs. sabWoelebis survili, nebismier dros ganexorcielebinaT pozitiuri (sruli) kontroli, ganapirobebda arasaWiro raodenobis radiomoxsenebebs. xdeboda radiousafrTxoeba yovelTvis ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli da rodesac momyvani tovebs mis da yumbarebis mier gamoyenebiT cecxlsasroli Catarebuli iaraRis Casafreba meTaurs aZlevs kontrolis saSualebas da Casafrebis jgufs msubuqi gamoyenebamde. rogorc Cans, sabWoelebi ar iyenebdnen Casafrebis am

gadacemis gaSifvra, ZiriTadad es keTdeboda usufTaod da arasrulyofilad. Sedegad, mojahedebs sabWoelTa moqmedebebis an gegmebis gansazRvra zogjer radiogadacemis saSualebiT SeeZloT.

Casafrebis mowyoba xanabadis teritoriaze radioSetyobinebis daWeris Sedegad miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT vice-polkovniki a.m. tangaevi127 1986 wlis martis dasawyisSi mowinaaRmdegem daiwyo SeiaraRebisa da sabrZolo masalis koncentracia iSqameSis axlos mdebare bazebze, qandazidan daaxloebiT 60 kilometris daSorebiT, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT. aRniSnuli SeiaraReba gankuTvnili iyo mojahedebis qvedanayofebis mier qandazisa da xanabadis ..mwvane zonaSi gamosayeneblad. Cven miviReT dazvervis monacemebi, romlis Tanaxmadac, martis Sua ricxvebSi am bazebze Sevida iaraRiTa da sabrZolo masaliT datvirTuli 4 qaravani. mowinaaRmdegis Tavmoyris raionSi am qaravnebis Sesvlis Semdeg Cvenma mosmena. radiogzagadamWrelebma diapazonebze daSifruli radiogadacema daiwyes farTo iyo mokletalRovan kodebis da ultramokletalRovan speqtris 4-asoiani radiogadacemebis jgufebad.

kodirebuli radioteqstis nawili gaSifra umaRlesi marTvis organoebma. gaSifruli Setyobineba iuwyeboda, rom mowinaaRmdege iaraRsa da sabrZolo masalas qandazSi gadaitanda martis bolos an aprilis dasawyisSi. am informaciaze dayrdnobiT, diviziis meTaurma gadawyvita moewyo Casafrebebi Cveni calkeuli rekognoscirebis batalionis gamoyenebiT. 128 CasafrebisaTvis mzadeba daiwyo mas Semdeg, rac rekognoscirebis 1eli aseulisa da radio da eleqtrorekognoscirebis aseulis meTaurebma miiRes brZanebebi. rekognoscirebis aseulis meTaurs ganusazRvres samomavlo moqmedebebis raioni, amocana, Casafrebis Zalis Semadgenloba, misi gamaZlierebeli SenaerTebi da CasafrebisaTvis Tavisi Zalis mosamzadeblad Sesasrulebeli mimarTulebiT qaravnebis moqmedebebis radiogadacemis gadaadgilebis ufro Tanmimdevroba. meti intensivobiT radio mosmena da da eleqtrorekognoscirebis aseulis meTaurs daevala xanabadisa da iSqameSis dros mowinaaRmdegis radiogadacemis

gavrcelebis arealis dadgena.

127

a.m. tangaevi avRaneTSi sabWoTa jarebis SezRudul kontingentSi diviziis

rekognoscirebis meTauris ufros TanaSemwed msaxurobda 1985-87 ww. mas miRebuli hqonda ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeni, ,,SeiaraRebul ZalebSi samsaxurisaTvis mesame xarisxis ordeni da avRaneTis respublikis meore xarisxis ,,varskvlavis ordeni.
128

201-e motomsroleli divizia.

rekognoscirebis aseulis meTauri da misi ocmeTauri gaemgzavrnen mowinave saguSagoze, romelic Casafrebis adgilidan 5 kilometris daSorebiT mdebareobda, im satvirTo manqaniT, romelsac Cveulebriv sakvebi mihqonda saguSagoze. maT Seiswavles adgilmdebareoba, misasvleli da ukan daxevis marSrutebi da mowinaaRmdegis miaxloebis savaraudo gzebi. aseulis meTaurma ocmeTauri saguSagoze datova, raTa is Ramis ganmavlobaSic dakvirveboda raions, TviTon ki sxva ocmeTaurebTan erTad, dabrunda aseulis sabazo banakSi. CasafrebisaTvis mzadebis dros aseuli asrulebda sistematiur taqtikur mecadineobebs Casafrebis adgilis msgavs adgilmdebareobaze129. jarma gawminda iaraRi da gadazida CasafrebisaTvis saWiro sabrZolo masala da maragebi. 2 aprils aseuli gadioda mdgomareobis formalur Semowmebas CasafrebisaTvis mis mzadyofnaSi dasarwmuneblad. radiogadacemis daWerisa da rekognoscirebis agentis moxsenebis saSualebiT SevityveT, rom mowinaaRmdege iSqameSidan xanabadSi gadasayvanad qaravans daZravda 2 aprils 20:00-dan 22:00 saaTamde. diviziis rekognoscirebis ufrosma Casafrebaze gasvlisaTvis mzadyofnis drod daadgina 3 aprilis 18:00 saaTi. Casafrebis arsi SemdegSi mdgomareobda: 3 aprilis Rames rekognoscirebis pirveli aseuli saidumlod unda gasuliyo nangrevebisaken. mas unda Seeqmna ori saTvalTvalo punqti da Semdgom damaluliyo. dRis ganmavlobaSi mas radiokavSiri unda hqonoda batalionTan, radio da eleqtrorekognoscirebis Casafrebis adgilidan, aseulTan avidoda da naRmmtyorcnelTa saSualebebze da ukan batareasTan. ,,javSanjgufis mosvlisTanave, Casafrebis jgufi ukan daixevda satransporto gaemgzavreboda, sabazo banakisaken. Casafrebis jgufi Sedgeboda 23 kacisagan. maT Tan hqondaT zogadi daniSnulebis 3 tyviamfrqvevi, sami msubuqi tyviamfrqvevi, 12,7 milimetriani erTi msxvilkalibriani tyviamfrqvevi ,,javSanjgufSi javSanmanqana (), Sedioda (e.w. -74-is erTi ) sistemis sabWoTa da 3 16 avtomati aseuls da 5 naRmi. Tvliani uWerda sadesanto-sadazvervo mxars

-2.

naRmmtyorcnelTa batarea.

129

sistematiuri taqtikuri mecadineoba (- ) warmoadgenda wvrTnas, romlis nawilebic moicavda moqmedebis safexureobriv repeticias da romlis drosac yovel momdevno safexurze gadasvla xdeboda mxolod winamorbedis daxvewis Semdgom.

3 aprils, 19:00 saaTze, aseuli moewyo Casafrebis adgilze gasasvlelad. igi gadaadgildeboda Rartafis fskeris paralelurad. ori patruli midioda ZiriTadi nawilis win, 50-60 metris distanciiT da oric - mis ukan, 40 metris daSorebiT. oTx aprils, 02:00 saaTisTvis aseulma miaRwia nangrevebs da moawyo saTvalTvalo punqtebi. aseulis danarCeni nawili gadavida dRis banakSi da iq daimala.

ruka 45: rekognoscirebis aseulis Casafreba radioSetyobinebis daWeris Sedegad miRebuli informaciis gamoyenebiT, xanabadis raionSi.

4 aprils, 05:30 saaTze radiogadacemis gzagadamWrelebma daiWires radiosixSire, romliTac radiogadamcemi gadacemis iSqameSSi analizma elaparakeboda gviCvena, rom radiogadamcems xanabadSi.

mowinaaRmdege emzadeboda kolonis gadasayvanad. Cvens saTvalTvalo punqts im dRis ganmavlobaSi mowinaaRmdege ar SeumCnevia. 17:00 saaTisaTvis radiotriangulaciis mcdelobis Sedegad, aRmovaCineT ramdenime radiogadamcemi, romlebic fiqsirdeboda iSqameS-xanabadis misadgomis gaswvriv. daRamebasTan erTad, aseulma daikava Casafrebis pozicia. Casafreba moicavda or saTvalTvalo punqts da mxardamWer, usafrTxoebisa da ayvanis jgufebs. 20:05 saaTze gzas qvemoT Cauyva 2 adamiani. 20 wuTis Semdeg saTvalTvalo punqtma gadmogvca, rom qenionSi Semovida satvirTo manqana, romelsac wina Suqebi anTebuli hqonda. man misca manqanas gavlis saSualeba. kidev 20 wuTis Semdeg, Casafrebis raionSi SesaZlo maqsimaluri siCqariT Semovida 2 satvirTo manqana. rogorc ki isini Semovidnen mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebis zonaSi, aseulis meTaurma moqmedebaSi moiyvana naRmi, rac mxardaWeris jgufisaTvis iyo cecxlis gaxsnis niSani. maT gaanadgures orive manqana. Semdgom, meTauris signalze, ganadgurebis zonaSi Sevida ayvanis jgufi, raTa SeemowmebinaT satvirTo manqanebi, SeegrovebinaT iaraRi da sabrZolo masala. rodesac raions mouaxlovda ,,javSanjgufi, Casafrebis jgufma aRmoaCina mowinaaRmdegis razmi, romelic moemarTeboda Casafrebis mimarTulebiT. Casafrebis jgufi gausworda am razmis nawils, xolo razmis danarCeni nawili gaanadgura javSantransportiorebis cecxlma. Semdeg aseuli isev ukan gadavida, daSlis adgilze, avida satransporto saSualebebze da gaemarTa, ukan Cveni sabazo banakisaken. Casafrebis Sedegad gardaicvala 12 mojahedi da ganadgurda 2 satvirTo manqana. xelT vigdeT didZali iaraRi da sabrZolo masala. rekognoscirebis aseuls daeWra erTi jariskaci. frunzes akademiis komentari: Casafrebis warmateba ganapiroba Semdegma faqtorebma: radiogadacemis mosmenis Sedegad miRebuli sadazvervo informaciis gamoyenebam; Casafrebis adgilze SeumCnevlad gadasvlam; ucxo adgilmdebareobaze Casafrebis kargad organizebam; saTvalTvalo punqtebis da mxardaWerisa da ayvanis jgufebis sanimuSo gamoyenebam; moulodnelobis efeqtis gamoyenebam da piradi

Semadgenlobis saucxoo sabrZolo momzadebam. Tumca, siuJetis Semdgomi ganxilva gviCvenebs, rom aseulis meTaurma ver SeZlo naRmmtyorcnelTa cecxlis efeqturi gamoyeneba. redaqtoris Casafrebis saSualebebi saSualebebiT am siuJetSi komentari: ufro axlos es aris Casafrebisas Semdgom es ,,javSanjgufis satransporto mogvianebiT, sacecxle imave

gamoyenebis meore magaliTi. pirvel magaliTSi (siuJeti 38), ,, javSan jgufi adgilTan aseulis miipara. nawilma danarCenma gamoiyena. adgilisaken

rodesac sabWoelebma moawyves Casafreba, am aseuli satransporto gadaadgilda ,,javSanjgufi usafrTxo Casafrebis mxardaWerisaTvis, raTa aRekveTaT mowinaaRmdegis gaqcevis mcdeloba. sacecxle mxardaWeras es wesi, axorcielebs mimarTulebidan, saidanac isvris Casafrebis jgufi da mas uzrunvelyofs swrafi, banakSi es SedarebiT ukan gasasvleliT. rogorc gadawyvetileba gzaze xSirad sakmaod xvdebaT rom keTilgonieri Cans imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Casafrebis jgufebs sabazo dabrunebisas, saintereso kontrCasafrebebi. sakmaod magaliTia, radganac gviCvenebs, radiogadacemis taqtikuri kodirebis gasatexad, savaraudod gamoiyeneboda deSifratoruli strategiuli saSualebebi. es zrdis im mniSvnelobas, romelic sabWoTa umaRlesma sardlobam mianiWa mojahedebis kavSirgabmulobis mosmenas.

gaZlierebuli motomsroleli aseuli axorcielebs Casafrebas jalalabadis Crdilo-dasavleTSi maiori v.p. podvorni130 1986 wlis meore naxevarSi zogadi situacia kunaris provinciaSi

sabWoTa Zalebis sakeTildReod Seicvala. Cveni calkeuli motomsroleli batalionis mier Cvenive pasuxismgeblobis raionSi, kunaris provinciaSi Catarebuli Casafrebebi sakmaod warmatebuli iyo. 131 mojahedebma iwvnies mniSvnelovani danakargebi, rac maT ubiZgebda sabrZolo masalisa da SeiaraRebis qaravnebiT gadatanis teqnikis (meTodebisa da xerxebis) daxvewisaken. 1986 wlis dasawyisSi, im sabWoTa Casafrebebis dros, rodesac xdeboda mowinaaRmdegesTan Sexeba, SesamCnevi gaxda, rom mojahedebma sagrZnoblad gaaZlieres maTi qaravnebis usafrTxoebis mewinave elementi da Casafrebisas maTi moqmedebebic Cvens ufro frTxili jgufs, gaxda. maTi rodesac sapasuxo mojahedebi SeamCnevdnen Casafrebis

qmedeba ori saxis iyo. Tu isini aRematebodnen Cvens Zalas piradi Semadgenlobis raodenobiTa da SeiaraRebiT, maSin cdilobdnen ieriSi mietanaT Casafrebis jgufze da gaenadgurebinaT is flangis an zurgis mxridan. Tu isini ar aRematebodnen Cvens Zalas, maSin, rogorc wesi, gverds uvlidnen Casafrebis adgils samalavisaken mimavali sxva gzebis gamoyenebiT. Cven davaskveniT, rom oceulis zomis qvedanayofiT Casafrebebas azri ar hqonda. kargi Casafrebis Catareba moiTxovda motomsrolel aseuls, romelic gaZlierebuli iqneboda menaRmeTa qvedanayofiT, xolo mis mxardaWeras uzrunvelyofda artileriis cecxli.
130

v.p. podvorni avRaneTSi motomsroleli calkeuli batalionis operaciebis marTvis

ganyofilebis ufrosis ufros TanaSemwed msaxurobda 1985 wlis martidan 1986 wlis martis CaTvliT. igi dajildovebuli iyo ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT. (batalionis doneze operaciebis marTvis ganyofileba SesaniSnavia. es albaT unda yofiliyo am batalionis gansakuTrebuli Tavisebureba).
131

savaraudod es aris calkeuli 66-e motomsroleli brigadis me-2 motomsroleli Stabidan samocdaaTi kilometris daSorebiT, romelic mdebareobda

batalioni, romelic garnizonad iyo Cayenebuli asadabadSi, kunaris provinciaSi, brigadis jalalabadSi, nangaharis provinciaSi. teqstis originalSi weria, rom es qvedanayofi lokalizebuli iyo yandaRaris provinciaSi. es albaT tipografiuli Secdomaa, radgan am SemTxvevaSi aseuls mouwevda marSirebiT 600 kilometris gavla.

2 oqtombris dilas, me-2 motomsroleli aseulis meTaurs daevala jalalabadidan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, 25 kilometrSi mdebare gzaze mojahedebis qaravnebis nakadis SeCereba. aseuls gaaCnda 96 jariskaci, 12 da sabrZolo teqnika. aseuls mxars dauWerda artileriis batarea. aseuli Casafrebis adgilze gadavidoda or etapad. aseuli sabazo banakidan sabWoTa samxedro saguSagomde kolonas gahyveboda jalalabadi-qabulis magistraliT. kolona qabulSi gzas gaagrZelebda mogvianebiT tvirTis gadasatanad. aseuli aseulis javSantransportiorebi movidodnen. darCeboda

saguSagoze da mxolod Rame, Casafrebis adgilze maTi yofnis saWiroebis momentamde, 24 saaTiT adre gavidoda iqidan fexiT. jariskacebi Tan wamoiRebdnen satabelo ganrigiT kuTvnil SeiaraRebas, sam tvirTad Sekrul sabrZolo masalas (romelTaganac erT-erTi darCeboda javSanmanqanebSi)) da sami dRis samyof marags. isini dislocirebisaTvis mzad unda yofiliyvnen 3 oqtombers, 05:00 saaTze.

ruka 46: motomsroleli gaZlierebuli aseulis Casafreba, romelsac mxars uWerda artileriis batarea. calkeul motomsrolel batalionSi sabrZolo moqmedebis organizeba moiTxovs maRal sabrZolo mzadyofnas: erTi aseuli, rogorc wesi, asrulebda sabrZolo movaleobebs, meore - 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi iyo dakavebuli sxvadasxva detalebis mogvarebiT, mesame ki CarTuli iyo sabrZolo da politikur wvrTnaSi, magram mainc imyofeboda sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi. me-2 motomsrolel aseuls gavlili hqonda sabrZolo wvrTna. ase, rom igi mzad iyo Casafrebis mosawyobad. wvrTna moicavda: brZolis organizebas; piradi Semadgenlobis wvrTnas iaraRis gamoyenebisa da amocanis Sesrulebis sakiTxebSi; politikur-saganmanaTleblo samuSaosa da batalionis meTauris,

misi moadgileebisa da operaciebis marTvis ganyofilebis ufrosis mier Sesasrulebel praqtikul samuSaos. brZolisaTvis aucilebel saorganizacio procedurebs Soris iyo: aseulis meTauris mier gadawyvetilebis miReba da moxseneba batalionis da meTaurisaTvis; ocmeTaurebisaTvis brZanebebis gacema

adgilmdebareobis modelis gamoyenebiT koordinirebis daxvewa. aseulis momzadeba moicavda: brZolis raionad dadgenili farTobebis Seswavlas; mecadineobebs taqtikuri sacecxle mxardaWerisa da sainJinro mxardaWeris ise gamoyenebaSi, xedvis rogorc moxdeboda amocanis piradi da Sesrulebisas; Semadgenlobis samsaxurebis radiomowyobilobebis muSaobaSi dasarwmuneblad RamiT mowyobilobebis meTaurma, Semowmebas; radioSemowmebebs;

dasvenebasa da batalionis meTaurisaTvis aseulis mzadyofnis Setyobinebas. batalionis misma moadgileebma ufrosebma daamtkices aseulis meTauris gegma, miexmarnen mas artileriis batareasTan da aseulis momaragebisa da materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis razmebTan koordinaciaSi; gadasces aseuls batalionis brZaneba brZolisaTvis momzadebis Sesaxeb da Caatares aseulis detaluri Semowmeba, raTa darwmunebuliyvnen mis mzadyofnaSi. 3 oqtombers, 06:00 saaTze, aseuli saidumlod gavida konvoiT saguSagosaken. daRamebisas aseuli daSlili oceulebiT gadavida Casafrebis adgilze. 23:00 saaTze isini imyofebodnen Casafrebis poziciebze, cecxliT dafarvis urTierTgadamfaravi da SekavSirebuli velebiT. flangebsa da maT Soris, arsebul cariel adgilebs faravda danaRmuli velebi. 4 oqtombers, 03:00 saaTze, #1 marSruts dauyva mojahedebis qaravanis usafrTxoebis mewinave patruli. maT gaiares pirveli oceulis mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebis zona da erT saaTSi iyvnen meore oceulis mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebis zonaSi. konkretulad es qaravani gaWimuli iyo 1.3 kilometrze met manZilze. aseulis meTaurma gadawyvita, rom qaravnis umetesi nawili mdebareobda ori oceulis win da gasca pirveli da meore oceulis mier cecxlis gaxsnis brZaneba, ris paraleluradac artileriam intensiuri cecxli gauxsna qaravnis zurgis dacvas. mojahedebisa da maTi cxovelebis umetesi nawili daixoca, magram qaravnis nawils hqonda saSualeba ukan daexia. 05:00 saaTze qaravanma isev daiwyo moZraoba, magram amjerad #2 marSrutze. mowinaaRmdegem CaTvala, radganac Casafrebis sabWoTa Zalebi, rogorc wesi, warmoadgendnen patara jgufebs, isini ver SeZlebdnen

erTdroulad ramdenime marSrutis dakavebas. garda amisa, maT icodnen, rom Casafrebis mowyobis Semdeg es mcire jgufebi swrafad tovebdnen Casafrebis adgilebs. rodesac qaravani moeqca mesame zonebSi, da meoTxe oceulebis cecxlis mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebis asmeTaurma gasca

gaxsnis brZaneba. mojahedebis nawili gadavida qaravnis boloSi da daiwyo naCqarevad ukan daxeva. asmeTauri radioTi daukavSirda saguSagoze myof artilerias da ubrZana cecxli gaexsna ukan daxeuli mowinaaRmdegisaTvis. magram cecxlis brZanebis gacemidan cecxlis gaxsnamde 5-7 wuTi gavida, ris gamoc mowinaaRmdegem moaxerxa gaqceva. gariJraJze Sveulmfrenebi. maragebi. asmeTaurma adgilze maTi gamoiZaxa ,,javSanjgufi Semdgom -ebze da man da moieriSe moawyo moieriSe gamocxadebis daitvirTa

ganadgurebuli qaravnis Cxreka da Seagrova iaraRi, sabrZolo masala da 07:00 saaTze aseuli Sveulmfrenebis dafarvis qveS dabrunda sabazo banakSi. aseulis arseboba, 4 motomsroleli oceuliT, aRmoCnda upiratesobis ganmapirobebeli.132 aseuls erTdroulad SeeZlo moecva saqaravne 3 savaraudo marSruti. qaravnis erT marSrutze ganadgurebis Semdgom, maT ar miatoves poziciebi da amis nacvlad, ganagrZes amocanis Sesruleba. Sedegad, aseulma imave Rames kidev erTi qaravani gaanadgura meore marSrutze. Sesabamisad, unda aRiniSnos aseulis meTauris mier jaris marTvis ostaturi organizeba. da mainc, brZolam gamoavlina, rom asmeTaurs ar SeeZlo swrafad, sworad, zustad da cxadad Seesrulebina artileriis cecxlis gamoZaxeba da misi gamoyeneba. redaqtoris komentari: artileriis susti gamoyeneba aseulis donis oficrebis mier maradiuli Temaa am wignSi. radganac wigns aqvs didaqtikuri xasiaTi da Sedgenilia sakvanZo sakiTxebis ilustrirebis mizniT, es erT-erTi
132

rogorc wesi, motomsroleli aseuls gaaCnia sami motomsroleli oceuli. 1980 wlis

pirveli naxevris ganmavlobaSi, motomsroleli aseuls gaaCnda sami motomsroleli da erTi tyviamfrqvevis/tanksawinaaRmdego oceuli -ebze datvirTuli qvedanayofebis saxiT an sami motomsroleli da erTi tyviamfrqvevis/avtomaturi yumbarsatyorcnis oceuli -ebze datvirTuli qvedanayofebis saxiT. am SemTxvevaSi ase ar aris. calkeul motomsrolel batalions motomsrolel aseulze gaaCnda oTxi moto-msroleli oceuli da aseve gaZlierebis sxva elementebic.

sakiTxia, romelzec sabWoelebma gadawyvites yuradRebis gamaxvileba. maT es problema gadawyvites aseulisa da oceulis doneze mewinave meTvalTvaleebis Cvevas. Casafrebis Semdgom Zalebis adgilze darCenisa da ganadgurebis zonaSi darCenili maragebisa da SeiaraRebis dacvis an Casafrebis adgilidan maTi gamosvlis brZanebis gacema meTauris prerogativaa. nebismieri mowinaaRmdege, romelic Casafrebis adgils xelmeored gaivlis Casafrebis Semdgom, an ar flobs informacias am adgilze Casafrebis mowyobis Sesaxeb, an flobs sakmaris Zalas imisaTvis, rom gawmindos adgili Casafrebis jgufisagan. pirveli qaravnis gakontrolebisa da Semdgom sxva adgilze gadasasvlelad, jars hqonda RamiT xedvis saSualebebi da aseve, SeeZlo artileriisagan moeTxova sabrZolo velis ganaTeba. meore motomsrolel oceuls, gegmis Tanaxmad, hqonda alternatiuli adgilic, magram mis dasakaveblad igi ar gadavida. am incidentisas ,,javSanjgufis amocana ar gulisxmobda Casafrebis pirdapiri cecxliT mxardaWeras. amis nacvlad, igi pasiurad icdida gaTenebamde saguSagos siaxloves. aSkaraa, rom am regionSi partizanuli Zalebi gadaadgildebodnen did jgufebad da Sesabamisad, oceulis zomis Casafrebebi arasakmarisi iyo. aseulis zomis Casafrebebi gacilebiT ufro Zneli mosargebia teritoriaze da Sesabamisad, Zneli samarTavia da albaT, amitomac warmoadgens am sasazRvro regionis unikalur taqtikas. daniSvniT. es miuTiTebs arasakmaris wvrTnaze im sakiTxSi, romelic unda warmoadgendes profesionalTa universalur unar-

rekognoscirebis oceuli awyobs Casafrebas mowinaaRmdegis mier kontrolirebul teritoriaze maiori v.a. stolbinski133

Cveni calkeuli motomsroleli brigada ganTavsebuli iyo avRaneTipakistanis sazRvridan daaxloebiT 40-50 kilometrSi 134. 1987 wlis Tebervlis Sua ricxvebSi Cven miviReT brZaneba, xeli SegveSala partizanuli im ZalebisTvis pakistanidan iaraRisa da sabrZolo masalis miRebaSi. Cveni brigadis meTaurma gadawyvita Casafrebebi avRaneTis gamoeyenebina centralur qaravnebis gasaCereblad, romlebic raions

amaragebdnen iaraRiT, sabrZolo masaliTa da sabrZolo maragebiT. Cveni batalioni akontrolebda qalaq yandaRaris Crdilo-dasavleT

periferias. sadazvervo moxsenebidan SevityveT, rom martis bolos regas udabnos yandaRarTan damakavSirebel gzaze gaivlida iaraRiT datvirTuli didi qaravani. es gza gadioda mojahedebis mier kontrolirebul teritoriaze. batalionis meTaurma me, sahaero-moieriSe sadesanto aseulis meTaurs, damavala momemzadebina da xelmZRvaneloba gamewia rekognoscirebis oceulis mier Casafrebis mowyobisaTvis. rodesac rekognoscirebis oceuli qaravans miagnebda, mas eqneboda sahaero mxardaWera. ufros leitenant a.n. xolodTan, ocmeTaur, serJant a.r. babaevTan da or mzveravTan erTad, gaveSure saguSagosken pirobiTi saxeliT ,,mili. iqidan SeviswavleT mojahedebis mier kontrolirebuli teritoria da rukaze movniSneT miaxloebis marSrutebi. Casafrebis jgufs Casafrebis adgilamde misasvlelad unda gadaekveTa mTebis sami qedi. dazvervis Tanaxmad, mojahedebs
133

hqondaT

ramdenime

saTvalTvalo

punqti

saguSagosTan

v.a. stolbinski vRaneTSi moieriSe aseulis meTaurad msaxurobda 1985 wlis

martidan 1987 wlis maisis CaTvliT. igi orjer iyo dajildovebuli ,,wiTeli droSis ordeniT.
134

savaraudod es aris calkeuli 70-e motomsroleli brigada. am siuJetSi azrobrivi

SeuTavseblobaa. qalaqi jegdalei, romelic datanilia rukaze, mdebareobs ara yandaRaris, aramed qabulis raionSi. Tumca, siuJetSi naxsenebi regas udabno da adgilmdebareobis danarCeni nawilebi yandaRarTan ufro axlosaa, vidre qabulTan. qabulSi ki calkeuli motomsroleli brigada ganlagebuli ar iyo. am SemTxveva ar unda momxdariyo yandaRaris siaxloves.

yvelaze axlos mdebare qedebze. mojahedebi maT iyenebdnen sabWoTa moqmedebebze dasakvirveblad.
135

saguSago

,,mili

ekava

me-12

motomsrolel aseuls,

122 milimetriani haubicis batareasTan da moto-

msrolel oceulTan erTad. samkviriani axlo dakvirvebis Semdeg saguSago ,,milis

meTvalTvaleebma miagnes mojahedebis saTvalTvalo punqts da kidev ori kviris Semdeg aRmoaCines meorec. saTvalTvaloebi moTavsebuli iyo yvelaze maRal adgilebze, daaxloebiT 1.5 kilometris manZilze. me gadavwyvite axali wlis Rames (muslimanuri kalendariT) gadameyvana Cemi Zala am saTvalTvaloebs Soris mdebare teritoriaze. saguSago milze gamgzavreba damexmara, Cemi Casafrebis gegma da miaxloebis marSrutebi kargad momergo teritoriisTvis. Cveulebriv, moaxsenebda Cveni TiToeuli batalionis Casafrebis meTauri dros, generalur Stabs da radioTi piradi

koordinatebs

Semadgenlobis raodenobas. Cveni Casafrebebis umetesoba warumatebeli iyo. mowinaaRmdege usmenda Cvens radioSetyobinebebs, axdenda maT dekodirebas Casafrebis da jgufi. saukeTeso radganac es SemTxvevaSi, Casafreba Tavs aridebda unda Cvens Casafrebebs. uares SemTxvevaSi ki, cdilobda gaenadgurebina Cveni Rrmad mowyobiliyo mowinaaRmdegis mier kontrolirebuli teritoriaze, batalionis meTaurma gadawyvita ar gamoeyenebina radiokavSiri da amis nacvlad, Casafrebis detalebi brigadis meTaurisaTvis piradad moexsenebina. rekognoscirebis oceuli CasafrebisaTvis gaiwvrTna Casafrebis realuri adgilis msgavs reliefze. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca mTebze gadasvlisTvis, jgufebs Soris koordinaciisaTvisa da fizikuri momzadebisaTvis Catarebul wvrTnebs. Casafrebis adgilis da drois Sesaxeb informacia gvqonda mxolod batalionis meTaurs, me da ocmeTaurs. rekognoscirebis oceuli saguSago ,,milze gadavida Casafrebamde erTi kviriT adre. mowinaaRmdegis SecdomaSi Seyvanis mizniT, rekognoscirebis oceulis sam javSantranportiorze daitvirTnen me-12 moto-msrolelTa aseulis jariskacebi da dabrundnen Cveni batalionis sabazo banakSi. maTi am
135

me-12 motomsroleli aseuli, me-3 motomsrolell batalioni, 70-e calkeuli

motomsroleli brigada.

moqmedebis dakvirveba srulad SeiZleboda mowinaaRmdegis saTvalTvalo punqtebidan. rekognoscirebis oceuli ki saguSagoze arsebul miwaTxrilebSi davmale da mxolod Rame miveci gamosvlis saSualeba. 20 marts, 23:30 saaTze, -17-is aTeuliT gaZlierebuli

rekognoscirebis 27-kaciani oceuli gavida saguSagodan da gaemarTa Casafrebis adgilisken. jaris mTavari nawilis win, 30 metris distanciiT, midioda 3-kaciani patruli. oceuli gadaadgildeboda erT kolonad. Casafrebidan 5 kilometris daSorebiT davtove 16-kaciani jgufi, romelsac meTaurobda ocmeTauris moadgile, ufrosi serJanti r.a. usmanovi. maTi davaleba iyo Cveni meTvalTvaleebis, Sempyrobi jgufisa da dafarvis jgufis ukan daxevisas maTi dafarvis uzrunvelyofa. isini daimalnen gamoqvabulSi, romlis Sesasvlelic Signidan qvebiT Caketes. Cemma aTkacianma jgufma ganagrZo gza. 21 marts, 02:00 saaTze, Cven mivaRwieT Casafrebis adgils. gzasTan axlos iq aranairi TavSesafari ar iyo. rogorc iqna, garkveuli drois Semdeg, mivageniT sezonurad damSrali mdinaris, krikis kalapotisaTvis gakeTebul gzisqveSa did sadrenaJo mils. gadavwyvite am milSi dametovebina xuTi jariskaci. darCenili xuTi AGS17iT da PK tipis tyviamfrqveviT maRlobze gavagzavne, romelic ukan dasaxev marSrutze mdebareobda, gzidan daaxloebiT 800 metris daSorebiT. am jgufs meTaurobda Cemi aTmeTauri, serJanti v.a. suxanovi. jgufis amocana iyo mowinaaRmdegze dakvirveba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sacecxle mxardaWeriT Sempyrobi jgufis uzrunvelyofa. kavSiri jgufebs Soris myardeboda radioTi. sadrenaJo milSi darCenil jariskacebs Soris, Cems garda, iyvnen ufrosi leitenanti a.v. xolodi - rekognoscirebis ocmeTauri, rigiTi i.a. jumaevi - Tarjimani, serJanti a.n. babaevi da axalgazrda metyviamfrqveve, rigiTi a.n. sivuSkini.

ruka 47: rekognoscirebis oceuli awyobs Casafrebas mowinaaRmdegis teritoriaze.

gamTeniisas Cven SevamCnieT, rom sadrenaJo milis marjvena da marcxena mxares iyo soflebi. soflebs hyofda veli. 08:00 saaTze velze Tavmoyra daiwyes SeiaraRebulma adamianebma. serJantma suxanovma mogvaxsena, rom iq daaxloebiT 140-150 kaci iqneboda Tavmoyrili. mojahedebma daiwyes varjiSi, romelic daasrules sirbiliT, xoxviT da brZolisaTvis saWiro sxva moqmedebebiT. yvelaferi es xdeboda sadrenaJo milidan 400 metrSi. 09:00 saaTze, serJantma suxanovma mogvaxsena,

rom

mojahedebma

gzaze

dacvis iyo

saguSago milis

gamarTes. -

uaxloesi jgufis da

saguSagoebi saaTze

ganTavsebuli moZraoba

sadrenaJo

Sempyrobi

Casafrebis adgilis marjvniv da marcxniv, erTi kilometris daSorebiT. 10:00 gzaze daiwyo. sadrenaJo milSi Zravebisa adamianebis xma gvesmoda. Cven 48 saaTi uSedegod vicdidiT iq. qaravani ar movida. mesame

dRes gadavwyvite, rom qaravnis mosvlas ver davelodebodiT. gadavwyvite ameyvana erTi satransporto saSualeba da davbrunebuliyaviT batalionTan. SuadReze, rodesac Zalian dacxeboda, mojahedebi, rogorc wesi, wyvetdnen wvrTnas da midiodnen soflebSi. serJant suxanovs davavale moexsenebina imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra modioda qvemoTken gzaze. SuadRisas man momaxsena, rom ramdenime SeiaraRebuli piri gzas velosipedebiT mouyveboda qvemo mimarTulebiT. serJant suxanovs davavale ganegrZo moxseneba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra distanciaze imyofebodnen velosipedistebi sadrenaJo milidan. rodesac isini 20 metrze mogviaxlovdnen, Cemi jgufi gamocvivda gzaze da Seipyro mojahedebi. maT ar hqondaT winaaRmdegobis gawevis saSualeba. Cven gavTokeT datyvevebulebi da velosipedebianad CaviyvaneT sadrenaJo milSi. amis Semdeg radioTi davukavSirdi serJant suxanovs. man

momaxsena, rom gzas daaxloebiT 60 km/sT siCqariT moZravi manqana mouyveboda. manqanas, daaxloebiT 1.5 kilometris daSorebiT, ukan mohyveboda 8 motocikleti. rodesac serJantma suxanovma momaxsena, rom manqana daaxloebiT 70 metriT iyo daSorebuli sadrenaJo milidan, Cven isev gamovcvivdiT gzaze da cecxli gavuxseniT mas. mZRoli maSinve movkaliT. manqanam inerciiT kidev 40 metri ixoxa da gaCerda. manqanidan ori mojahedi gadmoxta, magram Cven maTac myisve gavuswordiT. moklulebs amovacaleT iaraRi, oTxi oficialuri dokumentebis dasamowmebeli beWedi, dokumentebi da fuli. manqana yumbarebiT avafeTqeT da daviwyeT ukan gamosvla. motociklistebma gadauxvies gzidan da cecxli gauxsnes Sempyrob jgufs, serJant suxanovis jgufma ki maT gauxsna cecxli. mojahedebma daiwyes soflebidan gamoqceva. isini motociklebs da traqtorebs moasxdnen da cdilobdnen ukan dasaxevi gza moeWraT CvenTvis. mowinaaRmdegeze cecxlis gasaxsnelad gamoviZaxe artileriis cecxli. me-

12 motomsroleli aseulis pirveli oceuli pirvelad SerCeul poziciaze dabrunda da mxardaWeriT uzrunvelyo rekognoscirebis oceulis ukan daxeva. Casafrebisas movkaliT 5 mojahedi. maT Soris iyo didi partizanuli dajgufebis lideri oka da misi mrCeveli da avRaneTis armiis yofili kapitani Turani. xelT vigdeT iaraRi, dokumentebi da fuli. dazaralebuli gvyavda rigiTi a.n. sivuSini, romelic daiWra mxarSi.

frunzes

akademiis

komentari:

am

siuJetSi

gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba unda mieqces imas, Tu rogor miiyvana meTaurma misi oceuli raionSi, saidanac unda gadasuliyo Casafrebis adgilze. es raioni imyofeboda mowinaaRmdegis mudmivi TvalTvalis qveS. amitom, man SecdomaSi Seiyvana mowinaaRmdege misi oceulis saguSagoze SeparebiT da Semdgom, sabazo banakSi javSantransportiorebiT sxva qvedanayofis wevrebis dabrunebiT. oceuli Casafrebis adgilze Rame gadavida fexiT. es aseve aris meTvalTvaleebs, Sempyrob jgufsa da sacecxle mxardaWeris jgufs Soris saukeTeso koordinaciis mSvenieri magaliTi. da bolos, unda aRiniSnos ieriSis dros gabeduli, Seupovari da mtkice moqmedebebi.

redaqtoris komentari: orive oficris ganweseba Sempyrob

jgufSi

saintereso midgomaa, magram amave dros, saeWvoc. aRiarebulia, rom rekognoscirebis Zalebi ukeTesad aris gawvrTnili da motivirebuli, vidre Cveulebrivi jari, magram isini savaldebulo samxedro samsaxurSi gawveuli jariskacebi da serJantebi arian. vin aiRebda Tavis Tavze marTvas da vin gamoiyvanda imyofeboda mxardaWerisa oceuls es da 800 Casafrebis jgufi? adgilidan es im SemTxvevaSi, Sempyrobi didi Tu ganadgurdeboda mxardaWeris daSorebiT. jgufi jgufisgan manZilia im

metris

sakmaod

dafarvis

uzrunvelsayofad.

gansakuTrebiT

SemTxvevaSi, Tu moqmedebebi Rame sruldeba. vietnamSi aSS armiis qvedanayofebi yovel Rame awyobdnen

Casafrebebs msgavs bilikebze an iq, sadac dazvervis informaciiT, adgili eqneboda msgavs moqmedebebs. avRaneTSi ki sabWoelebi rogorc Cans, Casafrebebs awyobdnen specifikuri dazvervis sawinaaRmdegod da araregularul safuZvelze.

rogorc Cans, Ramis ganmavlobaSi manqanebidan CamoqveiTebul mdgomareobaSi gadasaadgilebad patrulsa da mTavar Zalas Soris dasacavi distanciisaTvis raime standartuli norma ar arsebobda. 43-e siuJetSi mewinave patruli 50-60 metriT win gadaadgildeba, xolo ukana patruli CamorCeba 40 metriT. 38 siuJetSi patruli orasi metriT aris win. 37-e siuJetSi igi 20 wuTiT aris win. am siuJetSi ki patruli 30 metiT aris mTavar Zalaze win. es sakmaod axlo manZilia da savaraudod, amcirebs mewinave patrulis yolis upiratesobas.

rekognoscirebis gaZlierebuli aseuli awyobs Casafrebas bagramis dasavleTiT maiori v.n. siomini136

1987 wlis ianvari da Tebervali avRaneTis respublikam gamoacxada erovnuli Serigebis periodad. oficialurad gamocxadda, rom momdevno erTi an ori wlis ganmavlobaSi sabWoTa Zalebis SezRuduli kontingenti gavidoda avRaneTidan. ianvrisa da Tebervlis ganmavlobaSi aranairi samxedro moqmedebebi ar Cagvitarebia. aman partizanul Zalebs misca iaraRis, sabrXolo masalisa da asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis didi raodenobiT dagrovebis saSualeba. didma partizanulma Zalam gadmokveTa pakistanis sazRvari da winaaRmdegobis gareSe gaiara panjSeris vake. sabazo sadgurad man airCia jobal-usarazgis izolirebuli sofeli, mirbaCekotis masivSi. sofeli mdebareobs bagramis mwvane zonaSi. aRniSnulma Zalam ganaxorciela qabul-salangis magistralis gayvanis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebebi. male isini daapirebdnen Cveni konvoebis ganadgurebas, Cvens dacvisa da saTvalTvalo punqtebze ieriSis mitanas da bagramis samxedro aerodromis dabombvas. im drois ganmavlobaSi, sanam Cven ar vaxorcielebdiT samxedro moqmedebebs, arsenalebi mowinaaRmdege iaraRiT, sagrZnoblad gaZlierda. partizanuli Zalebis raodenoba da maTi dagrovili maragebi dramatulad gaizarda. maTi gaivso sabrZolo masaliT, kavSirgabmulobis mowyobilobebiTa da mZime SeiaraRebiT. Cveni calkeuli rekognoscirebis batalioni dislocirebuli iyo bagramSi. Cven nabrZanebi gvqonda Cveni moqmedebebis raionSi mowinaaRmdegis neitralizeba. 1987 wlis aprilSi, Cvens mier dagegmil CasafrebebSi kargi Sedegi gvqonda. Cveni aseulebi safuZvlianad movamzadeT am CasafrebebisaTvis. oficrebma muSaoba daiwyes raionis monaxazebisa da rukebis SedgeniT. piradi Semadgenloba gavwvrTeniT Casafrebis realuri

136

v.n. siomini avRaneTSi calkeuli rekognoscirebis batalionis Stabis ufrosad msaxurobda 1986-88 wlebSi. igi orjer iyo dajildovebuli ,,wiTeli varskvlavis ordeniT da medliT mamacobisaTvis.

adgilis

msgavs

reliefze.

didi

yuradReba

davuTmeT

dagegmili

moqmedebisaTvis iaraRisa da aRWurvilobis momzadebas. ufrosma meTaurma, SeiaraReba leitenantma miiRo da i.n. petrovma, rekognoscirebis qaravani, bagramis aseulis romelsac dasavleTiT

davaleba,

gaenadgurebina gadahqonda

sabrZolo-masala

mdebare mTian masivSi ganlagebuli partizanuli ZalebisaTvis. 19 aprilis dilas, samxedro bazaze arsebuli savaWro centris satvirTo manqanebiT aseuli gadayvanil iqna saguSagoze saxelad uaxloesi . es saguSago mdebareobs qabul-salangis magistralze. ori dRiT adre, aseulis javSan-jgufi, rogorc usafrTxoebis mizniT gzis gawmendis monawile, gadayvanil iqna samxreT saguSagoze. sabazo banakTan Casafrebis Zalis kavSirs uzrunvelyofda batalioni, romelic reliefis amaRlebuli adgilidan icavda gzis usafrTxoebas. aseulis meTaurma mis jgufis xelmZRvanelebs naTlad ganusazRvra Casafrebis adgilisaken marSiT gadaadgilebis xasiaTi da moZraobis Tanmimdevroba. 22:40 saaTze, aseulma miaRwia Casafrebis adgils da yvela jgufma daikava Tavisi pozicia. menaRmeTa jgufma danaRma mowinaaRmdegis ukan daxevis savaraudo marSruti.

ruka 48: rekognoscirebis gaZlierebuli aseulis Casafreba bagramis dasavleTiT.

qaravnis gamoCenisas, or jgufs, romelTagan TiToeuli, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeboda datvirTuli cxovelebis sami-oTxi jgufisagan, asmeTaurma misca ganadgurebis zonis gavlis saSualeba. rodesac ganadgurebis zonaSi moeqca qaravanis ZiriTadi nawili, asmeTaurma mxardamWeri artileriis batalionisagan moiTxova dagegmili, manaTobeli Wurvebis cecxli da mis jariskacebs misca cecxlis gaxsnis signali. danaRmuli velis adgili sworad iyo SerCeuli, radgan gaqcevisas mowinaaRmdege swored misi mimarTulebiT

gaeSura.

damontaJebuli

naRmebidan

yvela

afeTqda.

qaravani

sul

ramdenime wuTSi gavanadgureT. davxoceT 38 mojahedi. Cxrekis jgufma amoiRo didi raodenobiT iaraRi, sabrZolo masala da msxvilkalibriani iaraRis tyviebi. iaraRisa da aRWurvilobis is nawili, romlis wamoRebac Tan ver SevZeliT, aafeTqes Cvenma menaRmeebma. aseuli warmatebiT gamovida mowyobis adgilze, casxda javSanmanqanebSi da dabrunda batalionis sabazo banakSi. Cveni ori jariskaci msubuqad iyo daWrili. frunzes akademiis komentari: es siuJeti gviCvenebs Casafrebisas brZolis velis ganaTebis kavSirma mizniT da artileriis gamoyenebas. Casafrebis sworad Catarebisas qvedanayofebis warmateba ganapiroba artileriis batalionTan Seuferxebelma koordinirebam. asmeTaurma gansazRvra mowinaaRmdegis ukan daxevis savaraudo marSruti da velis danaRmvis adgili.

redaqtoris komentari: kidev erTxel gvaqvs saqme SemTxvevasTan, rodesac rekognoscirebis Zalebi gamoiyeneba ara rekognoscirebisTvis, aramed brZolisTvis. rogorc da Cans, mainc, rekognoscireba cxadia, rom kargi asrulebda taqtikuri meorexarisxovan funqcias.

rekognoscirebis deficiti avRaneTSi arsebuli sabWoTa Zalebis sisustes warmoadgenda. garTulebuli situaciidan Zalis gamosaxsnelad sabWoelebi iyeneben jgufma ,,javSanjgufs~. gamoiyena Casafrebis dafaruli, adgilze tyeSi misasvlelad, da TxrilebSi Casafrebis gamavali kargad

misadgomebi. magram ibadeba kiTxva - ratom iyo Casafrebis adgili moTavsebuli swored aq, Tu am raionSi mojahedebs SeeZloT sami savaraudo marSrutis gamoyeneba da gzaTa gadakveTis wertilic sakmaod axlos mdebareobda. ratom ar Caayena meTaurma Casafreba iq anda ratom ar daayena meTvalTvaleebi gzajvaredinze da ar dagegma adgilze cecxlis gaxsna? sabWoelebma Casafrebis poziciebi gamarTes tyis xazis orive mxares. es kargi gadawyvetileba Cans. iyo Tu ara yvela poziciaze xalxis sakmarisi raodenoba? Tu es poziciebi mxolod zogadad iyo gansazRvruli imisaTvis, rom jgufebs SeZlebodaT maT Soris gadanacvleba?

Casafrebis mowyoba mTa iakpais gadasasvlelze vice-polkovniki v.i. korotkixi137 1987 wlis gazafxulsa da zafxulSi partizanulma Zalebma gaaxSires mTavrobis warmomadgenlebsa da sabWoTa Zalebze Tavdasxmebi. am brZolis mxardasaWerad, mojahedebis liderebma gazardes pakistanidan iaraRisa da sabrZolo masalebis gadmotanis masStabebi. gadamzidvelebi gzas pakistanis sazRvarTan, 300-mde datvirTuli cxovelisagan Semdgari qaravnebiT daiwyebdnen. mogvianebiT igi 15-20 cxovelian qaravnebad daiSleboda, am romlebic mTebze gadasasvlelebis ukve kargad gavliT mividodnen sabWoTa partizanTa sabazo banakSi. droisaTvis mojahedebi icnobdnen rekognoscirebis da ,,specnazis" qvedanayofebis taqtikas da am codnis gamoyeneba maT upiratesobas ganapirobebda. magaliTad, Tu maTi qaravani gadaadgildeboda dRis ganmavlobaSi da miuaxlovdeboda SesaZlo Casafrebis adgils, mojahedebi winaswar dablokavdnen gadasasvlelebs da blokirebas SeinarCunebdnen ramdenime saaTiT, sanam qaravani ar gascdeboda mas. yovel 200-300 metrSi, aq isini Caayenebdnen 2-3 SeiaraRebul saguSagos. gadasasvlelebs qaravani gaivlida 15-20 cxovelisagan Semdgar jgufebad, ise, rom TiToeul jgufs Soris daSoreba yofiliyo erTi saaTis manZili. ase gagrZeldeboda, sanam yvela jgufi ar gaivlida saxifaTo adgils. Tu gadasasvlelis gavla qaravans Rame mouwevda, maSin dabindebisas isini gaagzavnidnen erT-or SeuiaraRebel patruls, romlebic gadacmulni iyvnen mecxvareebad da xSirad, Tan axldaT bavSvebi. qaravani moZraobas daiwyebda daRamebisas. rekognoscirebis patrulis movaleobis Semsruleblad, mis win wavidoda SaSxanebiT SeiaraRebuli 5-7 kaci, romelsac qaravani ukan gamohyveboda. pistoletebiT an moieriSe SaSxanebiT SeiaraRebuli qaravanis gadamyvanebi mas gamoyvebodnen cxovelebis yoveli meore jgufis Semdeg, xolo qaravans ukan gamohyveboda zurgis dacvis jgufi, romelic Sedgeboda cecxlsasroli iaraRiT SeiaraRebuli 2-3 kacisagan. am situaciidan gamomdinare, umaRlesma sardlobam gadawyvita gaeaqtiurebina Casafrebis moqmedebebi. 1987 wlis 27 agvistos me
137

v.i. korotkixi avRaneTSi batalionis meTaurad msaxurobda 1986-88 wlebSi.

mibrZanes Cemi batalionidan SemerCia jgufi, raTa Cavsafrebuliyavi paktias provinciaSi, iakpais gadasasvlelze. 138 Cemma meTaurma mibrZana Rame gavsuliyaviT iakpais gadasasvlelis raionisaken da 28 agvistodan 2 seqtembramde qaravnis ganadgurebis mizniT CavsafrebuliyaviT. distancia Cveni sabazo banakidan gadasasvlelamde 12 kilometrs udrida. me Casafrebis xelmZRvaneli viyavi. Cems 45-kacian jgufSi Sedioda rekognoscirebis oceulis 12 mzveravi, Cemi erT-erTi aseulis 24 medesante paraSutisti da 2-2 jariskaci Cemi kavSirgabmulobis oceulidan, menaRmeTa aseulidan da qimiuri Tavdacvis oceulidan.wamoviyvane agreTve erTi qirurgi batalionis eqimis TanaSemwe. 1987 wlis 28 agvistos, 20:30 saaTze, Cemi jgufi gavida Casafrebis adgilis mimarTulebiT. jgufs win miuZRoda samkaciani patruli, romelsac hqonda RamiT xedvis xelsawyoebi. mTavari Zala mas erT kolonad mohyveboda ukan. 29 agvistos 02:30 saaTisaTvis, jgufma daasrula mTaze asvla da gaCerda dRis banakSi, romelic mdebareobda gadasasvlelidan 1.5. kilometris qaravani. daSorebiT. gavmarTeT 2 saTvalTvalo sabazo punqti, romlebmac mimavali saRamosTvis SeamCnies partizanTa banakisaken

138

batalioni 56-e calkeuli sahaero-moieriSe brigadidan.

ruka 49: Casafreba iakpais mTis gadasasvlelze. qaravani sofelSi gaCerda. Sebindebisas Cemi jgufi swrafad gadavida gadasasvlelTan, daikava Casafrebis poziciebi da moemzada brZolisTvis. 30 agvistos 02:00 saaTamde lodinis Semdeg, gadavwyvite, rom qaravani im Rames ar gaivlida gadasasvlels. gadavwyvite jari isev dRis banakSi gadameyvana, momegrovebina iq Tavmoyrili masalebi da qvemoT CavsuliyaviT, gadasasvlelisaken. 30 agvistos Cven gavagrZeleT dRis ganmavlobaSi raionis dakvirveba. SuadRisas SevamCnieT gadasasvlelisaken momavali 30 SeiaraRebuli mojahedi. mTaze asvlis Semdeg maT gadasasvlelze daiwyes saguSagoebis gamarTva. cxadi iyo, rom is gadasasvleli, romelic me Casafrebis

adgilisaTvis SevarCie, ar gamodgeboda. me moveTaTbire rekognoscirebis oceulis meTaurs da gadavwyvite Casafreba sxva adgilze gadametana. amisaTvis aucilebeli iyo 5 kilometri SeuCerebeli marSiT gagvevlo. me radioTi davukavSirdi Cemi qvedanayofis meTaurs, movaxsene Cveni situacia da vurCie mas Cemi gadawyvetilebis Sesruleba. Cems jgufs vubrZane axal adgilze gadasvla da 18:00 saaTze daviwyeT gadaadgileba. adgils mivaRwieT 23:30 saaTze. Semdgomi 10-15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi, sanam piradi Semadgenloba poziciebs ikavebda, me mivusadage gegma mocemul teritorias da koordinireba gavuwie jgufebis moqmedebebs. ramdenime wuTis Semdeg qaravanma dablobidan mTaze amosvla daiwyo. mas win mouZRoda 6-kaciani patruli, romelsac miveciT gavlis saSualeba. rodesac qaravani moeqca ganadgurebis zonaSi, me niSani miveci jars da gavxseniT cecxli. ganadgurebis zonis ganaTebaze pasuxismgebelma jgufma gaisrola qaravani ramdenime wuTSi paraSutiani manaTobeli movkaliT 14 bombebi. mojahedi, gavanadgureT.

aviyvaneT 2 da xelT vigdeT iaraRiT, sabrZolo masaliTa da medikamentebiT datvirTul cxovelebis 15 jgufi. Cvenma menaRmeebma aafeTqes amoRebuli sabrZolo masala. Casafrebis Sedegi radioTi movaxsene brigadis meTaurs. man gvibrZana teritoriis datoveba da im adgilamde misvla, saidanac 08:00 saaTze agviyvandnen Cveni -ebi. Cven waviyvaneT tyveebi, iaraRi da dokumentebi; daniSnul dros Cveni javSanmanqanebiT davbrundiT sabazo banakSi. frunzes akademiis komentari: am magaliTSi unda aRiniSnos meTauris mier gamoCenili simamace da gambedaoba. man ostaturad Seafasa situacia, miiRo Casafrebis adgilis Secvlis gadawyvetileba da mokle droSi moaxerxa axali Casafrebis adgilis organizeba. man Seadgina ganaTebaze pasuxismgebeli specialuri jgufi, romelic mowinaaRmdegeze cecxlis damiznebisas ganaTebas uzrunvelyofda. redaqtoris komentari: meTaurma Casafrebisas Tan waiyvana

rogorc samedicino, ise qirurgiuli daxmarebis personali. sabWoelebma aRmoaCines, rom maRal simaRleze miRebuli mciredi Wrilobac SeiZleboda male damTavrebuliyo fataluri iyo SedegiT. da am raionSi Sveulmfrenebis evakuaciis gamoyeneba problemuri xSirad samedicino

SveulmfrenebiT daWrili jariskacebis asayvanad aucilebeli xdeboda maTi xeliT Cayvana SedarebiT dabal simaRleze. zogjer daWrilebi samedicino daxmarebis adgilamde veRar aRwevdnen.

Tavi VII daskvnisTvis.... frunzes akademiis daskvna: avRaneTis respublikaSi miRebuli sabrZolo gamocdileba adasturebs Cveni wesdebebi ZiriTadi principebis marTebulobas. da mainc, igi aseve amtkicebs im principebis xelaxali Sefasebis saWiroebas, taqtikis romlebic birTvs exeba Zalebsa da saSualebebs sabrZolo gansakuTrebul garemoebebSi. mojahedebis warmoadgens ramdenime principi. pirveli _ isini Tavs aridebdnen regularuli jarebis aRmatebul ZalasTan pirdapir Sexebas, romelic gaaZevebda maT teritoriidan. meore _ mojahedebi, praqtikulad arasodes ar awarmoebdnen poziciur oms da Tu dgeboda alyaSi moqcevis saSiSroeba, isini tovebdnen poziciebs. mesame _ brZolis nebismieri formiT warmoebisas, mojahedebi yovelTvis cdilobdnen moulodnelobis efeqtis gamoyenebas. meoTxe _ mojahedebi iTvaliswinebdnen basmaCebis139 moZraobis magaliTebs da iyenebdnen ideologiuri zewolisa da teroris meTodebs, rogorc mSvidobian mosaxleobis, ise adgilobrivi mTavrobis warmomadgenlebis mimarT. mojahedebi gzamkvlevebi da icnobdnen adgilmdebareobas, da iyvnen dabadebiT elementaruli mzveravebi kavSirgabmulobis

xelsawyoebisa da sasignalo mowyobilobebis gamoyenebiT SeeZloT Sor manZilze swrafad gadaecaT saWiro informacia sabWoTa qvedanayofebis gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb. partizanuli Zalebis taqtikurad Zlier samoqmedo unarebs Soris iyo yvela tipis Ramis moqmedeba, mTebze swrafad da farulad gadaadgilebis unari da rekognoscirebis agenturis Zalian farTo qselis uzrunvelyofa. samxedro-politikuri SeiaraRebasTan situaciis Zalebis mudmivi cvalebadoba, adaptireba axal da partizanuli SesaniSnavi

mojahedebis mier samxedro moqmedebebis sxvadasxva teqnikisa da procedurebis gamoyeneba ganapirobebda sabWoTa Zalebis taqtikaze zewolis gaxangrZlivebas. es moiTxovda samxedro amocanis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis fundamenturad axali midgomebis mudmiv, kreatiul Ziebas. daixvewa danayofebisa da qvedanayofebis brZolis im saStato struqturebi. da es moqmedebebi sruldeboda teqnikisa procedurebis

Sesabamisad, romlebic yvelaze efeqturi.. aman kidev ufro didi moTxovna

139

daawesa

jariskacebisaTvis

gaumjobesebuli

formebis,

aRWurvilobis,

qamrebisa da xelsawyoebis warmoebaze. gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom brZolaSi warmatebis miRwevis mTavari winapiroba da sruli aris konkretuli sabrZolo situacii gaTvaliswinebiT gamoyeneba, kargad saerTo informirebuli gadawyvetilebis miReba; amocanis Sesasruleblad safuZvliani momzadeba; taqtikuri moulodnelobis amocanis SesrulebaSi monawile jarebis sxvadasxva saxeobebis, aviaciis danayofebsa da qvedanayofebs Soris mWidro koordinaciis uzrunvelyofa; qvedanayofebis meTaurisa da mizanmimarTuli mtkice, misi magram da moqnili aseve da mier Seuferxebeli gabeduli, kontroli; da rigiTi jariskacebis guladi

moqmedebebi

sabrZolo

moqmedebebis

yovelmxrivi mxardaWera. didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda samxedro moxerxebulobas. rogorc wesi, brZolaSi Cabmamde, qvedanayofebi safuZvlianad iyvnen momzadebulebi. amisaTvis winaswar iyo gamoyofili ramdenime saaTi an dRe. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces jariskacebis, serJantebisa da oficrebis praqtikul momzadebas. momzadeba xSirad imarTeboda brZolis realuri adgilis msgavs adgilmdebareobaze. es qvedanayofebs aZlevda brZolis ramdenime scenaris SemuSavebis saSualebas. rogorc ar unda iyos, unda gvaxsovdes, rom avRaneTis respublikaSi sabWoTa midgomas Zalebis gamocdileba unda specifikuria, damaxasiaTebelia am adgilisaTvis. am gamocdilebis praqtikuli gamoyeneba SemoqmedebiT moiTxovs. gaviTvaliswinoT mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebebis specifikuri xasiaTi da saxeebi. redaqtoris daskvna: sabWoTa armias hqonda ukmayofilo

mosaxleobis damorCilebisa da opoziciuri mTavrobebis gaZevebis farTo gamocdileba. ruseTis samoqalaqo omis dros da mis Semdeg, 1920-iani wlebis ganmavlobaSi, bolSevikuri mTavroba axorcielebda politikur zewolas, xelisuflebis damxobas an aSkara samxedro moqmedebebs, raTa sabWoTa kavSirSi gaeerTianebina is uricxvi regionebi da erovnebebi, romlebmac revoluciis moxda da samoqalaqo omis procesSi dros damoukidebloba respublikebis moiTxoves. ukrainaSi, centralur aziaSi, amierskavkasiasa da bolos, Soreul aRmosavleTSi, Camoyalibebis myofi damorCileba da bolSevikur banakSi maTi xelaxali gaerTianeba, xSirad ZaldatanebiT. 1920-iani wlebis dasawyisSi wiTelma armiam daamarcxa

politikuri janyi, rozgorc qalaqSi, aseve sofelSic (kronStadti da tambovi). 1920-ian Sua wlebSi axladdafrTianebuli wiTeli armia centralur aziaSi atarebda basmaCebis sawinaaRmdego kampanias, ris Sedegadac datova samxedro gamocdilebis memkvidreoba, romlis gamoyenebac sabWoTa kavSirma 60 wlis Semdeg avRaneTSi scada. iseve, rogorc germaniis mier okupirebul teritoriebze dawinaurebisas, 1944-45 wlebSi, wiTel armias sabWoTa kavSirSic mouxda erovnuli Zalebis iatakqveSa da Ria winaaRmdegobasTan gamklaveba. ukrainis partizanuli armia Riad ewinaaRmdegeboda wiTel armiasa da sabWoTa politikur avtoritetebs da 1944 wlis martSi mis erT-erT msxverplad sabWoTa frontis erT-erTi saukeTeso meTauri (1-eli ukrainuli frontis armiis generali n.f. vatutini) iqca. opozicia iseTi seriozuli iyo, rom ukrainasa da belarusis nawilSi sabWoTa avtoritetebis mimarT winaaRmdegoba gagrZelda 1950ian wlebamde, rodesac sabWoTa samxedro da uSiuSroebis Zalebma, rogorc iqna, ajobes winaaRmdegobis Zalebs. mTeli am samoqalaqo da II msoflio omebis Semdgomi gamocdilebiT, sabWoTa samxedro Zalam moipova uZleveli Zalis reputacia. iq, sadac gaivlida sabWoTa samxedro Zala, mas ukan udrekad mihyveboda politikuri dominireba. es reputacia gaCnda samoqalaqo omis dros, rodesac sabWoTa kavSirma daamyara. socialisturi 1956 imperiis gasamagreblad revoluciis samxedro maTi Zalaufleba danakargi wels, ungreTis (sadac

Seadgenda 669 daRupuls, 51 dakargulsa da 1540 daWrils) CaxSobis gamocdilebam gaumjobesebul meTodebamde da teqnikamde miiyvana isini. 1968 wels, CexoslovakeTSi SeWrisas, sabWoTa armias sul 96 mokluli hyavda.140 teritoriaze SeWris gegmis elementebs Soris iyo qveynis Sida, sabWoTa samxedro da uSiSroebis komitetis (sabWoTa ) elementis daarseba, romelic xels Seuwyobda SeWril Zalas da dafarvis an SecdomaSi Seyvanis operaciebis warmarTvas, raTa yuradReba Sors gadaetanaT samomavlo SeWramde, SeWrisagan. raime sababiT generaluri winaswar Stabis jgufi teritoriaze qveyanas, Zalis raTa moinaxulebda

Seefasebina da teritoriisTvis moergo SeWris gegma. rodesac SeWra daiwyeboda, qveynis Sida sabWoTa samxedro da uSiSroebis komitetis elementi ganaiaraRebda an gaauvnebelyofda erovnul samxedro Zalebs. sahaero-sadesanto da specdaniSnulebis Zalebi SeWras ufro mZafr xasiaTs miscemdnen da xelT igdebdnen ZiriTad aerodromebs, transportirebis
140

mniSvnelovan punqtebs, sadac Seferxdeboda moZraoba, dedaqalaqs, sakvanZo samTavrobo Senobebsa da kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebs. isini Seipyrobdnen an daxocavdnen samTavrobo liderebs. sabWoTa saxmeleTo Zalebi gadakveTdnen qveyanas, daikavebdnen qalaqebisa da mTavari gzebis umetesobas, CaaxSobdnen adgilobriv samxedro winaaRmdegobas da daikavebdnen sakvanZo samoqalaqo centrebs. Semdeg dainiSneboda sabWoTa SeiaraRebuli Zalebis siZlieriT zurggamagrebuli axali mTavroba. SeWris es gegma gamoiyenes avRaneTSic. sabWoTa samxedro da uSiSroebis mrCevlebma avRaneTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis struqturaSi SeaRwies. 1979 wlis aprilSi avRaneTSi mTavari politikuri direqtoratis Tavmjdomaris, armiis general aleqsi a. iepiSevis xelmZRvanelobiT, Cavida generlebis delegacia, romelsac unda Seefasebina qveyanaSi arsebuli situacia. aseTive vizitiT, generali iepiSevi, 1968 wlis SeWris win, Cexoslovakiasac estumra. 1979 wlis agvistoSi sabWoTa saxmeleTo Zalebis mTavarsardlis, armiis general ivan g. pavlovskis meTaurobiT, avRaneTSi ramdenime kviriT Cavida 60 oficrisagan Semdgari jgufi, romlis mizansac rekognoscireba warmoadgenda. 1968 wels CexoslovakeTSi SeWras swored generali pavlovski meTaurobda. avRaneTSi SeWra daiwyo Sobis Rames. ra Tqma unda, es muslimanuri dResaswauli ar aris, magram es is dro iyo, rodesac dasavleTis mTavrobebi ar iyvnen mzad reagirebisTvis. sabWoTa mrCevlebma SeiaraRebis koordinirebul mwyobridan sawyobebis samxedro Zalebma gamoiyvanes blokireba reagirebas. daikaves da aRWurviloba, xeli salangis SeuSales gvirabi, moaxdines avRaneTis da sakvanZo

sabWoTa

sahaero-sadesanto

specdaniSnulebis

aerodromebi da mniSvnelovani samTavrobo da kavSirgabmulobis adgilebi qabulSi. sabWoTa specdaniSnulebis jariskacebma mokles prezidenti amini. sabWoTa saxmeleTo Zala SeiWra qveyanaSi, SeebrZola avRaneTis samxedro winaaRmdegobis dajgufebebs da daikava mTavari qalaqebi, ris paraleluradac, sabWoTa mTavrobam daniSna Tavisi marionetuli reJimi. sabWoelebi moelodnen, rom avRaneTSi winaaRmdegoba male dasruldeboda, magram es ase ar moxda. racionalizmma, romliTac gaJRenTilia dasavleTi, ver moikida fexi avRaneTis mTebSi. avRanelebis Rirebulebebma, rwmenam da Tavisuflebis siyvarulma ar misca maT saSualeba gverdze gamdgariyvnen da ar ebrZolaT aRmatebuli Zalis winaaRmdeg, miuxedavad imisa, rom am winaaRmdegobis gawevisas isini uzarmazar danakliss ganicdidnen.

rogor dauSves sabWoelebma aseTi Secdoma? ruseTis imperiam raioni Seiswavla da bolo saukunis ,,didi TamaSis dros aq manevrirebasac ki axdenda britanelebis winaaRmdeg. sabWoTa kavSirs 1919 wlidan diplomatiuri urTierToba da 1930 wlidan ganviTarebuli ormxrivi savaWro kavSiri hqonda avRaneTTan. 1950 wlidan sabWoTa mrCevlebi ekonomikisa da samxedro sakiTxebSi mudmivad figurirebdnen avRaneTSi. sagzao sistemis (salangis gvirabis CaTvliT) umetesi nawili da aerodromebi avRaneTSi swored sabWoelebma aaSenes. sabWoTa genStabi sakmaod ganswavluli unda yofiliyo avRaneTis geografiis, ekonomikis, sociologiisa da samxedro Zalebis sakiTxebSi. avRaneTis avRaneTis samxedro omi xdeboda oTxi generaluri sabWoTa mdivnis, politikur maRali direqtivebs breJnevis, liderebs rangis protestis Cernenkos, andropovis da gorbaCovis mier. bevri ufrosi samxedro oficeri warumateblobaSi Tumca aRmsruleblebic, mxolod rom adanaSaulebda, aSkaraa, arsebobdnen

romlebic

politbiuros

gareSe asrulebdnen. da miuxedavad imisa, rom gorbaCovs dasavleTSi bevri liberal-demokratad aRiqvamda da xazs usvamda imas, rom swored man gasca avRaneTidan sabWoTa Zalebis gamoyvanis brZaneba, yvelaze sisxliani brZolebi (1985-86 ww) avRaneTSi swored misi Tavmjdomareobis dros iyo. ideologiurad, sabWoTa xelmZRvanelobas ar SeeZlo SeTanxmebisaTvis mieRwia avRaneTis omSi. marqsistul-leninisturi dogma ar iZleoda ,,erovnuli gaTavisuflebisTvis brZolis nebarTvas, romlis drosac xalxi ibrZolebda marqsistuli reJimis winaaRmdeg. ase rom, Tavdapirvelad, presa aqveynebda upatrono bavSvTa saxlebis mSeneblobaSi monawile bednieri sabWoTa jariskacebis suraTebs da arafers ambobda imis Sesaxeb, rom es jariskacebi brZolis monawileebic iyvnen da am upatrono bavSvTa saxlebs avsebdnen. 1983 wlis bolos sabWoTa presam gamoacxada mxolod 6 daRupuli da daWrili jariskacis Sesaxeb, Tumca, im droisaTvis, me-4 armiis danaklisi Seadgenda 6 262 gardacvlils da 9 880 daWrils. avRaneTSi sabWoTa gadawyvetilebebis ganxorcieleba gadaido meore generaluri mdivnis janmrTelobis dasustebisa da gardacvalebis gamo. samxedroebi politikiT elodnen janmrTel generalur mdivans, romelic SeZlebda gadawyvetilebis miRebas. omis mxolod bolo 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi gorbaCovis daiwyo presam avRaneTis omis Sedegebis SedarebiT ufro zustad asaxva. avRaneTSi SeWrili sabWoTa armia brZolisTvis gawvrTnili iyo omis farTo asparezis konteqstSi, modernistuli mowinaaRmdegis winaaRmdeg,

romelic mokrZalebulad daikavebda CrdiloeT evropis dablobze gadaWimul Tavdacvis poziciebs. sabWoTa armia Tavdacvis am sartyelTan brZolas gegmavda artileriis masirebuli cecxlis simZimiT, TavdacviTi poziciebis fizikurad ganadgurebiT da amis Sedegad gaCenil sicarieleebze, siRrmeSi brZoliTa da SeSinebuli mowinaaRmdegis ukan dadevnebiT. sabWoTa taqtika da aRWurviloba Seqmnili iyo mxolod amgvari masobrivi strategiuli operaciebis konteqstSi moqmedebisaTvis. momavlis omi aRiqmeboda, rogorc letaluri, swrafi tempis mqone movlena, romlis drosac Zalebisa da cecxlis marTva didi sifrTxiliT iyo gaTvlili. Sesabamisad, sabWoTa taqtika martivi saxis iyo. igi Sedgenili iyo ise, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo axalwveulTa da rezervistTa mier misi swrafad gamoyeneba, Tanac ise, rom gza ar gadaeRoba farTod gaSlili operaciebisTvis. satransporto saSualebebs Soris distanciis dacva da piradi Semadgenlobis gadamyvani satransporto saSualebidan CamoqveiTebis unari, aTeulis xazis formireba da mcire cecxlsasroli iaraRis CamxSobi cecxlis uzrunvelyofa, moto-msrolelTa taqtikis damsaxurebul komponentebad iyo aRiarebuli. taqtikuri iniciativis gamoCena ar iyo waxalisebuli, radganac igi ixreboda moqmedebebis droSi gaTvlis darRvevisaken. mojahedebs ar SeuTavazebiaT sabWoTa armiisaTvis CrdiloeT evropis dablobze gaTvlili brZola. maT uari ganacxades miwaSi CaZromaze da sabWoTa artileriis cecxlis lodinze. sabWoelebma aRmoaCines, rom masirebuli artileria da ubralo sabrZolo mecadineobebi ar axdenda did gavlenas mouxelTebel mowinaaRmdegeze. taqtika xelaxal SemuSavebas saWiroebda realur adgilze misvlisas. yvelaze meti taqtikuri inovacia SeimCneoda sahaero-sadesanto, sahaero-moieriSe da specdaniSnulebis ZalebSi, da kidev, or calkeul motomsrolel brigadaSi. am Zalebma saukeTesod siaxleebi imuSaves SeiniSneboda ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg polkebSi. brZolebSi. tankebs naklebi naklebi motomsrolel

mniSvneloba hqonda am brZolaSi, magram Sveulmfrenebi Zalian Rirebul aqtivebs warmoadgenda. inJinrebze moTxovna yovelTvis didi iyo. avRaneTis omma aiZula me-40 armia Seecvala taqtika, aRWurviloba, wvrTna da ZalTa struqtura. miuxedavad am cvlilebebisa, avRaneTSi sabWoTa armias arasodes gaaCnda gamarjvebisTvis sakmarisi Zalebi. wignidan naTeli xdeba, rom sabWoTa Zalebi teritoriaze meCxerad iyvnen ganlagebuli. brZolisaTvis maT xSirad erTi polkis mogrovebac ki uWirdaT da erTi gadanacvlebis qvedanayofis Sesadgenad uwevdaT sxvadasxva

qvedanayofebis Zalebis SeerTeba. sabazo banakis, aerodromis, qalaqisa da sakomunikacio xazebis usafrTxoeba aerTianebda motomsroleli Zalebis umetes nawils. avRaneTSi usafrTxoebis damcvelebis rolSi iyvnen sabWoTa uSiSroebis sasazRvro jarebic. es wigni gviCvenebs, rom sabWoTa kavSirma ver SeZlo frontis xazze myof qvedanayofebSi piradi Semadgenlobis adekvaturi raodenobis uzrunvelyofa. polkebi xSirad iyvnen erTi batalionis Zalis toli, batalionebi erTi aseulis Zalis, xolo aseulebi - erTi oceulis Zalis. piradi Semadgenlobis ganaxlebisas, prioritets yovelTvis qvedanayofis sabrZolo manqanebis mZRolebis, memizneebisa da manqanebis meTaurebis adgilebis Sevseba warmoadgenda. Sedegad, adgilze gadasxmisaTvis, winaaRmdegobis gawevisa da brZolisaTvis rCeboda piradi Semadgenlobis mcire nawili. aseve, axlo manZilze brZolis aSkara siZulvili SeimCneoda da mis nacvlad, masiuri sacecxle iyo Zalis gamoyenebas gavrcelebis eniWeboda xelSemwyobi upiratesoba. situaciiT _ qvedanayofebis samxedro mosamsaxureebs daavadebebi SeeyaraT, rac gamowveuli daavadebaTa sanitariis normebis susti dacviTa da susti kvebiT. qvedanayofebis Zalis 1/4dan 1/3-mde, Cveulebriv daavadebuli iyo hepatitiT, tifiT, malariiT, amebis dizenteriiTa da meningitiT. qvedanayofebis Sevseba xdeboda weliwadSi orjer, gazafxulisa da Semodgomis gegmiuri gawvevis Sedegad. Turqistanis samxedro olqSi gagzavnili axalwveulebi gadiodnen eqvsi Tvidan erT wlamde wvrTnas. mxolod amis Semdeg uSvebdnen maT avRaneTSi, sadac rCebodnen samxedro samsaxuris dasrulebmde. garda amisa, weliwadSi orjer xdeboda axalwveulebiT samxedro raionebisa da ZalTa jgufebis Sevsebac. rekrutebiT jaris amgvari momarageba sakmaod did masStabebs aRwevda. da mainc, qvedanayofebis savele Zala kvlav susti darCa. rogorc amerikelebma vietnamSi, aseve sabWoelebmac daadgines, rom rigiani sabrZolo Zalis misaRebad, qvedanayofis Sevseba unda momxdariyo 100 %-is gadaWarbebiT (msoflios zogierT regionebSi). me-40 armias amocanebis SesrulebisTvis qronikulad akldeboda resursebi, rac iyo misi politikuri liderebis im Semarcxveneli politikisa da araswori gaTvlebis Sedegi, ris gamoc aRmoCnda xsenebuli armia avRaneTis arastumarTmoyvare mTebSi. Tu sabWoTa SeiaraRebuli Zalebi avRaneTSi erTxel aRmoCndebodnen, iqidan ukan dabruneba ukve Zalian Zneli iyo. samxedro-politikuri klimati da Tanmdevi gadawyvetilebebi sxva wignis

Temaa. gansaxilvel sakiTxad rCeba mxolod avRaneTSi arsebuli sabWoTa saxmeleTo Zalebis taqtikuri donis cvlilebebi. taqtika: xmeleTze moqmed sabWoTa ZalebSi SemuSavda

,,javSanjgufis" koncefcia, romelic gulisxmobda piradi Semadgenlobis gadamyvani manqanebis sacecxle sacecxle Zalebisa da saSualebebis damoukidebel rezervad gadaqcevas, mas Semedeg, rac motomsroleli jariskacebi CamoqveiTdebodnen manqanebidan. es gabeduli nabiji iyo, radgan meqanizebuli Zalebis meTaurebs ar moswondaT CamoqveiTebuli jaris gancalkeveba misi gadamyvani satransporto saSualebebisagan. Tumca, qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanebs, desantis sabrZolo manqanebsa da javSanmanqanebs (javSantransportiorebs), rTuli reliefis gamo, xSirad ar SeeZloT ukan mihyolodnen da mxardaWera gaewiaT maTi aTeulebisaTvis. ,,javSanjgufis" koncefciam meTaurs Zlieri, manevrirebis unaris mqone rezervi gauCina, romelsac damoukideblad SeeZlo ieriSi mietana flangebze; daebloka mowinaaRmdegis ukan daxevis savaraudo marSrutebi; gaewia samsaxuri, rogorc mobilur sacecxle iaraRis sistemis platformas im elementebis gasaZliereblad, romlebic mowinaaRmdgesTan SexebaSi iyvnen; rogorc im Zalebis asayvan saSualebas, romlebmac manamde daasrules moaxerxes amocana; mowinaaRmdegis Seesrulebina poziciebze xeli SeJonva Seewyo (mcire ZalTa jgufebad SeRweva) anda paraSutebiT daeSvnen teritoriaze da ukve patrulireba; ekonomiisaTvis, rogorc Tavdasxmis, ise Tavdacvis dros; uzrunvelyo kolonis eskorti da Seesrulebina usafrTxoebis funqcia. sabWoTa kavSiris saxmeleTio Zalebma, motomsroleli ZalebisaTvis gamoiyenes gadarbeniT (monacvleobiT) gadaadgilebisa da cecxliT dafarvis teqnika. erTi sabrZolo satransporto saSualeba an manqanebis jgufi ikavebda maRlobze mdebare pozicias, raTa uzrunveleyo SetevisaTvis win gadaadgilebuli sxva satransporto saSualebis an saSualebebis jgufi. Semdgom es mowinave jgufi Cerdeboda momdevno amaRlebul adgilze da asrulebda maTi dafarvis uzrunvelmyofeli jgufis win gadmowevis dafarvas. CamoqveiTebis Semdgom sabWoTa motomsroleli qvedanayofebi, rogorc wesi, TvalTvalisa da cecxliT dafarvis poziciaze ayenebdnen jgufur iaraRs, magram periodulad maT win ar gadawevdnen, win gadaadgilebis dafarvis uzrunvelsayofad. rogorc ar unda iyos, rekognoscirebis Zalebi

CamoqveiTebisas namdvilad iyenebdnen monacvleobiT gadaadgilebasa da cecxliT dafarvas. sahaero-moieriSe desantisa da moieriSe Sveulmferebis taqtika icvleboda da umjobesdeboda mTeli omis ganmavlobaSi. Tumca, sabWoTa armiam, yvela aucilebeli amocanis Sesasruleblad, mainc ver SeZlo sakmarisi raodenobiT Sveulmfrenebisa da sahaero-sadesanto moieriSe Zalebis gamoyeneba. SveulmfrenebiT mxardaWera unda yofiliyo yvela kolonis eskortis nawili, magram es yovelTvis ase ar xdeboda. kolonis gadaadgilebis marSrutebis gaswvriv arsebuli maRlobebis dakaveba regularulad unda momxdariyo sahaero-sadesanto moieriSe Zalebis mier, magram es iSviaTad xdeboda. sabWoTa sahaero-sadesanto (saparaSuto) da sahaero-sadesanto (miwaze Sveulmfrenis daSvebis Semdeg gadmosuli) moieriSe sadesanto rodesac Zalebi da xSirad mowinaaRmdegesTan Zalebi, gamklavebaSi ZalTa jgufebis yvelaze deficits Setevis warmatebul sabWoTa Zalebad gvevlinebodnen. da mainc, sahaerosahaero-moieriSe gamoyeneba ZiriTadad, ganicdidnen. sahaero-moieriSe Zalebi xSirad sakmaod efeqturni iyvnen, maTi xdeboda meqanizebuli mxardasaWerad. SveulmfreniT gadasayvani qvedanayofebis desantireba Rrmad xdeboda mojahedebis zurgSi da maTi simagreebis flangebze, raTa moexdinaT maTi izolireba, bazebis ganadgureba, kavSirgabmulobis xazebis gadaWra da ukan daxevis marSrutebis dablokva. qveiTi jari win gadaadgildeboda, raTa SeerTeboda SveulmfrenebiT desantirebul Zalebs. SveulmfrenebiT gadayvanili Zala, rogorc wesi, ar scildeboda mxardamWeri artileriis dafarvis zonas, anda Tan mihyavda sakuTari artileria. da mainc, rogorc wigni gviCvenebs, sabWoelebi zogjer SveulmfrenebiT gadasayvani jarebis desantirebas axdendnen mxardamWeri artileriis dafarvis zonis farglebs gareTac da imkidnen kidec Sedegs. da miuxedavad imisa, rom batalionisa da brigadis doneze SveulmfrenebiT gadasayvani jarebisa da meqanizebuli Zalebis kombinacia kargad muSaobda, sabWoelebis mier farTomasStabiani operaciebisaTvis upiratesobis miniWeba, xSirad gzad eRobeboda taqtikur Sedegianobas. aTma didma, Cveulebrivma Setevam, romelSic monawileobdnen SveulmfreniT gadayvanili da meqanizebuli Zalebi, uSedegod Caiara pandSiris dablobze. Semortymis manevris Semsrulebeli qvedanayofebis gamoyeneba xSirad xdeboda avRaneTSi. mTavari batalionis da an aseulis zomis Zalebi gamoiyofodnen Zalisagan gansxvavebuli marSrutiT

igzavnebodnen mojahedebis flangze an zurgSi, raTa mxari daeWiraT ZiriTadi Zalis SetevisaTvis, SeesrulebinaT raime sxva amocana, xeli SeeSalaT mojahedebisTvis ukan daxevaSi anda paraleluri Seteva ganexorcielebinaT erTi an ori moulodneli mimarTulebidan. Tu gars Semomrtymeli qvedanayofi CamoqveiTebuli iyo, maSin igi ZiriTadad Sedgeboda Zalisagan, sahaero-sadesanto, xolo Tu gars sahaero-moieriSe an rekognoscirebis satransporto Semomrtymeli qvedanayofi

saSualebebiT gadaadgildeboda, maSin igi xSirad qvedanayofis ubralo ,,javSanjgufs" warmoadgenda. zogadad, saxmeleTo rekognoscirebis piradi Semadgenloba warmoadgenda Cveulebriv motomsrolel jariskacTan SedarebiT, ukeTesad gawvrTnil jariskacebs. magram, rogorc Cans, maTi gamoyeneba xdeboda rekognoscirebis rekognoscirebas, procedurebze ufro aqtiur, sabrZolo da moqmedebebSi. rekognoscirebis sabWoelebi sadazvervo informaciis misaRebad, pirvel rigSi, sahaero radiogadacemis mosmenasa agentebs eyrdnobodnen. sakmaod xSirad rekognoscirebis am wyaroebs ar SeeZloT saWiro taqtikuri dazvervis ganxorcieleba. iqidan gamomdinare, rom saxmeleTo Zalebi yovelTvis ganicdidnen sabrZolo elementebis mwvave deficits, realur brZolaSi gamoiyenebodnen rekognoscirebis Zalebi. Sedegad, sabWoelebi xSirad ver agnebdnen mojahedebs, sanam amas Tavad mojahedebi ar moisurvebdnen. aRWurviloba: avRaneTis omis dros velze gamoicada da

eqsploataciaSi CaiSva mravali axali sistema, magram maTi umravlesoba Seqmnili da Semowmebuli iyo omamde. amis yvelaze kargi magaliTi iyo qveiTTa sabrZolo manqana-2, javSantransportiori 80, 82 mm avtomaturi naRmsatyorcni, avtomaturi naRmsatyorcni -17, javSanmanqana -22, -8 tipis Sveulmfreni, -25 tipis saxmeleTo jarebis mxardamWeri TviTmfrinavi.. tankebi Tanamedrove iyo, magram mTian reliefze isini ar warmoadgenda did saWiroebas. Sedegad, uaxlesi modelis tankebi ar gamoiyeneboda avRaneTSi sabrZolvelad. omis dros moxda aseve -24 tipis moieriSe Sveulmfrenis ramdenime modelis gamoSvebac. motomsrolelTa Zalis instruqcia warmoadgenda jariskacTa da piradi Semadgenlobis javSantransportiorTan ganuyoflobas. jariskaci arasodes ar unda daSorebuliyo mis gadamyvan satransporto saSualebas 200 metrze

metad. misi aRWurvilobis qamari, forma, SeiaraReba da sxva savele mowyobilobebi am gadawyvetilebis magaliTs warmoadgenda. marTalia, avRaneTis omi iyo msubuqi qveiTi jaris mier gansaxorcielebeli omi, magram sabWoelebs aseTi Zala saerTod ar hyavdaT. zogadad, sabWoTa saxmeleTo jaris jariskaci mibmuli darCa mis gadamyvan satransporto saSualebasa kilograms da im aRWurvilobasTan, rac normaluri erT iyo romelic Seqmnili iyo am satransporto saSualebiT gadasatanad. Sedegad, standartuli javSanJileti 16 iwonida, satransporto naklebi saSulebidan gavlis CamoqveiTebis Semdeg kilometrze manZilis

SemTxvevaSi. magram, CamoqveuTebulad ieriSis mitanisas javSanJiletebiT sami kilometris gavlis Semdeg jari aucileblad Cerdeboda gadaRlilobis gamo. rekognoscirebis jariskacis javSanJileti ufro msubuqi da ukeTesi iyo, magram momarageba mas ufro mwiri hqonda. sabWoelebis savele forma Seuferebeli iyo avRaneTis pirobebisTvis. igi SemzRudveli da arakomfortuli iyo. kamuflaJis modeli Seqmnili iyo CrdiloeT evropisTvis da ara maRali mTebisaTvis. sabWoTa Ceqmebi Semawuxebeli da Seuferebeli iyo mTaze cocvisaTvis. meTaurebi, romlebsac SeeZloT samosis gamoTxovna, TavianT jariskacebs botasebs acmevdnen. sabWoTa aRWurvilobis qamrebisa da zurgCanTebis ZiriTadi nawili ar iyo Seqmnili piradi Semadgenlobis gadamyvani javSniani satransporto saSualebebis gareT xangrZlivi savele gamoyenebisaTvis. es teqnologia 1950-ian Ceqmebi, wlebis iyo. marTalia, da msrolelTa samTo qamrebi, batalionebisa magram da specdaniSnulebis ZalebisaTvis gamouSves Tanamedrove zurgCanTebi, werayinebi aRWurvilobis maTi momarageba mwiri iyo. sabWoTa saZile tomara bambis qsovilisagan iyo damzadebuli da ar iyo wyalgaumtari. wvimis dros, rasac mTebSi xSirad hqonda adgili, saZile tomara wyliT iJRinTeboda da wonaSi ramdenime funtiT imatebda. aseT tomaraSi rTuli iyo siTbos SenarCuneba. mojahedis dasavluri warmomavlobis saZile tomara sabWoTa jariskacisaTvis saukeTeso nadavls warmoadgenda. es tomara ufro msubuqi, Tbili da wyalgaumtari iyo. aseve problematur sakiTxs warmoadgenda mSrali ulufac (savele racioni). igi ugemuri iyo da moTavsebuli iyo mravalnair mbrwyinav konservis qilaSi, romlebic ireklavdnen mzis Suqs. nagvisaTvis ormoebis amoTxra mTebSi SeuZlebeli iyo. Sesabamisad, sabWoTa jariskaci konservis cariel qilebs, rogorc wesi, misi Casafrebis an sacecxle poziciis

irgvliv yrida, rac mojahedebis rekognoscirebas uwyobda xels. sakvebis gamaTbobeli firfitebi xSirad ifxvneboda an saerTod ar iSoveboda. sabWoelebis mier sizustis nacvlad masirebuli sacecxle Zalis gamoyenebisaTvis upiratesobis miniWeba imaze miuTiTebs, rom CamoqveiTebuli sabWoTa jariskaci gacilebiT ufro met sabrZolo masalas aTrevda, vidre misi dasavleli kolega. garda amisa, CamoqveiTebul Zalas yovelTvis axlda Tan mZime iaraRi. 12,7 mm_iani mZime tyviamfrqvevi, misi samfexa sadgamisa da tyvia-wamlis gareSe, iwonis 34 kilograms, avtomaturi yumbarsatyorcni iwonis 30.4 kilograms, xolo misi yoveli savse cilindruli savazne kolofi _ 14.7 kilograms. CamoqveiTebuli sabWoTa jariskacebi naklebad moZravni iyvnen da ver eweodnen swraf avRanel partizanebs. omis ganmavlobaSi moxda eqsperimentuli sistemebis SemuSaveba. -17-is satvirTo manqanebze da javSantransportiorebze damontaJda. moieriSe SveulfrenebisaTvis gamoigones sxvadasxva tipis saartilerio SeiaraRebis gawrTvnes sakidebi. ZaRlebi warmatebiT naRmebisa da moxda axali gamnaRmveli aRmoCenaSi. xelsawyoebis, satanko tralebisa da moZravi gamnaRmvelebis gamocda. partizanebis sabWoelebma gamoigones Cafxuti, romelic ukeTes dacvas uzrunvelyofda. ZalTa struqtura: avRaneTis omis ganmavlobaSi sabWoelebma ZalTa struqturis ramdenime varianti scades. damoukidebeli moqmedebebisaTvis maT Seqmnes damoukideblad moqmedi calkeuli motomsroleli brigadebi da calkeuli motomsroleli batalionebi. aseve, Camoayalibes motomsroleli samTo wina batalionebi. xazze maT gamoscades (saxazo sxvadasxva oceuli), saxeobebisgan gakeTda Semdgari gaerTianebuli batalionebi da motomsroleli aseulebi oTx-oTxi mebrZoli oceuliT da yvelaferi ajanyebulTa sawinaaRmdego damoukidebeli moqmedebebisaTvis

jarebis optimaluri SenaerTis misaRebad. sabrZolo qvedanayofebisaTvis ufro efeqturi mxardaWeris uzrunvelsayofad Seiqmna materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis brigadebi da batalionebi. sahaero-sadesanto, sahaeromoieriSe da specdaniSnulebis Zalebi -ebis nacvlad, moamarages ufro meti Sida sivrcis mqone javSantransportiorebiT da qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanebiT. Zalebi SeiaraRdnen damatebiTi tyviamfrqvevebiT da naRmsatyorcnebiT. sabWoelebi am axal SenaerTebs iyenebdnen sacdelad da avRaneTis omis Semdgomi rusuli armiis ZalTa struqtura bolos

warmoadgenda samanevro omisa da araxazovani brZolis korpusebisa da brigadebis, aseve, Cveulebrivi, xmeleTze warmoebuli brZolebisTvis gankuTvnil diviziebisa da polkebis naerTs. moraluri mdgomareoba: omis dros, gansazRvruli asakis sabWoTa axalgazrdoba sul ufro da ufro cdilobda Tavi aeridebina avRaneTSi gawvevisTvis. privilegirebuli pirebi didi raodenobiT fuls ixdidnen, raTa exsnaT maTi Svilebi avRaneTSi gawvevisagan. avRaneTSi msaxurobda qarxnebidan da koleqtiuri meurneobebidan wamoyvanili axalgazrdobis araproporciuli raodenoba. gawvevis Semdeg axalwveulTa moraluri mdgomareoba uaresdeboda. sawvrTnel centrebSi maT eubnebodnen, rom isini midiodnen Cinelebisa da amerikelebis daqiravebul jariskacebTan sabrZolvelad. avRaneTSi Casvlisas ki isini xvdebodnen, rom warmoadgendnen mtrulad ganwyobil miwaze moxvedril daupatiJebel stumrebsa da dampyroblebs. amis Semdgom maTi moraluri mdgomareoba kidev ufro uaresdeboda. iseve, rogorc sxva jarSi, savele jariskacebi Zalian dakavebulni iyvnen imisaTvis, rom xifaTi aetexaT TavisaTvis, magram im jariskacebs, romlebic zurgSi imyofebodnen da axorcielebdnen rutinul momaragebas, materialur-teqnikur mxardaWerasa da usafrTxoebis movaleobebs, amisTvis Zalian bevri dro hqondaT. mraval axalwveuls swored avRaneTSi ganuviTarda narkotikuli nivTierebebisadmi midrekileba. moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas isini axerxebdnen aRWurvilobis, tyviawamlisa da iaraRis gayidviT. mravali maTgani Zaladobriv kriminalur qmedebebSi CaerTo. sabWoTa jariskacebi Zarcvavdnen vaWrebsa da ubralo gamvlelebs. iaraRis amoRebis mizniT, sabWoTa fuli sakontrolobargs yoveldRiurad gamSveb Cxrekdnen. punqtebze jariskacebi avRaneTis moqalaqeebis

avRanelebisagan

amoRebuli

didZali

,,igzavneboda qabulSi, rac gulisxmobda kedlis ukan da sakontrologamSvebi punqtis miRma gayvanis gziT moqalaqisa da misi bargis izolirebas, fulis warTmevasa da xSirad mis mokvlasac.. aseve dabali iyo oficrebis moraluri mdgomareoba. marTalia, pensiis saxiT avRaneTSi samxedro samsaxuris TiToeuli weliwadisaTvis oficrebs msaxurobis ori wlis kredits aZlevdnen, magram isini xedavdnen, rom oficrebis korpuss Seusrulebel amocanebs avalebdnen da maTi Cavardnis SemTxvevaSi ,,gantevebis vacis" funqcias isev oficrebi Seasrulebdnen. sabazo banakSi, oficrebis korpusSi mudmivid daZabuloba iyo, bazaze

arsebul savaWro centrebSi momuSave mdedrobiTi sqesis molareebis, meddebisa da mdivnebis gamo. avRaneTis omSi xelaxla aRmocenda meore msoflio omis dros arsebuli savele colis tradicia, magram qalebis simciris gamo, oficrebs Soris konkurencia mZafri da zogjer Zalismieric ki iyo. arayi oficrebis rCeul narkotiks warmoadgenda, xolo zogierTi uTanxmoebis gadaWra xdeboda xelyumbarebisa da mcirekalibriani iaraRis gamoyenebiT. isini soflebs Zirfesvianad angrevdnen, xolo maT mcxovreblebs klavdnen CasafrebebTan kavSirisa da partizanebis daxmarebis mizeziT. zogierTi es qmedeba, rogorc Cans, oficialurad iyo sanqcirebuli, xolo zogi warmoadgenda disciplinaSi seriozuli Cavardnis Sedegs. guli da goneba: sabWoTa politika, rogorc Cans, mosaxleobis terors ufro emsaxureboda, vidre maT mTavrobis mxareze gadabirebas (,,maTi gulisa da gonebis mogebas"). avRanel mozardebTan da bavSvebTan gadaRebuli gaRimebuli sabWoTa jariskacebis fotoebis presaSi gamoqveynebis miuxedavad, sabWoelebisa da avRanelebis megobroba mainc ar Sedga. savele operaciebis dros sabWoelebi artileriisa da sahaerosaieriSo saSualebebis gamoZaxebas soflis mosaxleobis gaufrTxileblad axdendnen. teritoriis gawmendas xSirad mohyveboda zewolis jgufebebis moqmedeba da avRaneli axalgazrdoba xSirad adgilidanve mihyavdaT avRaneTis armiaSi. avRanelebis winaaRmdeg sabWoelebis mier ganxorcielebul kriminalur moqmedebaTa umravlesoba ignorirebuli iyo da maTgan mxolod yvelaze samarcxvino danaSaulebi isjeboda. rogorc Cans, sabWoTa moqmedebebi xSirad winaswar ganzraxulad iyo SemuSavebuli winaaRmdegobis Sesustebis mizniT. da bolos, jariskacebi da oficrebi dabrundnen sabWoTa kavSirSi, romelSic ukve midioda cvlilebebi. mravalma maTganma ver SeZlo isev morgeboda sazogadoebas. bevrma oficerma isev avRaneTSi dabruneba moiTxova. avRaneTis omi TiTqmis 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelda da mZime zarali miayena yvela mxares. omis Sedegebi aTwleulebis manZilze iqneba aqtualuri. sabWoelebis mier naswavli taqtikuri gakveTilebi Tanabrad SeiZleba miesadagos samoqalaqo omis dros mtrulad ganwyobil teritoriaze moqmedi sxva erovnebebis Zalebis gamocdilebas.