Spread Spectrum

By:
Udit Chauhan
(05EL-285)
 We will speak about:
• Introduction to WIRELESS.
• Spread Spectrum Systems
– Direct Sequence (DSSS)
– Frequency Hopping (FHSS)
• Antenna Basics.
• Antenna Types.
• Power Budget.
Why to go WIRELESS?
 Temporary Installation.
 Emergency Networks.
 Disaster Recovery
Network.
 Exhibitions.
 Difficult Access
Locations.
 Historical Buildings.
 Remote Areas.
 Places inaccessible by
wires.
 Permanent Systems.
 Wireless Technology

 Types of WIRELESS
– Narrow Band
– Spread Spectrum
 Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum
 Frequency Hopping Spread
Spectrum
– Infrared
Spread Spectrum
 Spread spectrum is a coding
technique for digital transmission.
 Spread Spectrum is a methods by
which energy generated at one or
more discrete frequencies is
deliberately spread or distributed
in time or frequency domains.
 Spread-spectrum
telecommunications is a signal
structuring technique that
employs direct sequence,
frequency hopping, or a hybrid of
these, which can be used for
multiple access and/or multiple
functions.
Frequency Hopping SS.
 It is a method of transmitting radio
signals by rapidly switching a
carrier among many frequency
channels, using a pseudorandom
sequence known to both transmitter
and receiver.
 It is the repeated switching of
frequencies during radio
transmission, often to minimize the
effectiveness of "electronic warfare"
- that is, the unauthorized
interception or jamming of
telecommunications.
 Current FCC regulations require
manufacturers to use 75 or more
frequencies per transmission
channel with a maximum dwell time
(the time spent at a particular
frequency during any single hop) of
400 ms.
Frequency Hopping SS.
 Frequency Hopping SS.

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Frequency
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Direct Sequence SS.
 In direct sequence systems, the
carrier phase of the transmitter
abruptly changes in accordance
with a pseudo-random code
sequence.
 At the receiver, the information
signal is recovered by re-
multiplying with a locally generated
replica of the spreading code.
 The amount of spreading is
dependent on the ratio of “chips
per bit”.
Direct Sequence SS.
Direct Sequence SS.