-

(
)

:
: 36
: .

 2008

 I. .

I
4,2 , III
.
1) 2.05.02.85:

28,5

27,5

3,75

1,5

2) :

1,25

, II.
3) 21804601 1,1 .
4) ; 30%
0,77 .
5)
, 0,2
6) :
- 5,8
2,0
/ 17,2

 II.
.

1) .
L. = B.. + 2mh1,
h1 = H. . + h.. (d+), = 0,14 - ,
d = 1,25 ,
h.. = 0,2
B.. = 28,5
H. = 4,2 -

h1 = 4,2 + 0,2 (1,25 + 0,14) = 3,01

L. = 28,5 + 2*1,5*3,01 = 37,53
2) .
h. = Z.. - - h.. h. -. = 0,77 0,14 0,48 - 0,1 = 0,05
h. = 0,48 -
h. - = 10
Z.. = 0,77 -
3) .
b. . = l + d + 2 + 1,0 = 1,78 + 1,25 + 2*0,14 + 1 = 4,31
h. . = Z.. = 0,77
l. . = L = 37,53
4) .
h. . . = Z.. = 0,77
b. . . = 9,0
b. . . = 11,5
l. . . = l. cos + l. = 2,7*cos15 + 2,5 = 5,11
l. . . = l. cos + l =2,7*cos15 + 2,0 = 4,61
l. = 2,7 .
5)
V. = V. . + V. . . . + V. . . . = (b. . * h. . * l. .) + (b.
. . * l. . . * h. . . ) + (b. . . * l. . . * h. . .
) = (4,31*0,77*37,53) + (9,0*5,11*0,77) + (11,5*4,61*0,77) =
= 200,78 3
6) .
l.. = l. . + l. . . + l. . . + 20 = 37,53 + 5,11 + 4,61 + 20 =
= 67,25
b.. = b. . . (max) + 20 = 11,5 + 20 = 31,5
7) .
4

V.. = l.. * b. * h.. = 67,25*31,5*0,2 = 423,68 , 3

8)
V. . . = V.. * . = 423,68*1,2 = 508,41 , 3 , = 1,2
9) .
l. = 0,5* l.. = 0,5*67,25 = 33,63
10) .
V. = (b. .* h * L.*K.) + (b. . . * L. . . * h.*K.) +
+(b.
. . *L. . . *h.*K.) = (4,31*0,05*37,53*1,1) + (9,0*5,11*0,05*1,1) +
(11,5*4,61*0,05*1,1) = 14,34 3
K. = 1,1
11) .
V. = b. .* h.. * L.*K.. = 4,31*0,1*37,53*1,15 = 18,6 3
12) .
V. = (b. . . * L. . . * h + b. . . * L. . . * h)* * K.. =
(9,0*5,11*0,1 + 11,5*4,61*0,1)*1,25 = 12,38 3
13) .
L. = 37,53
L. = 1,32
L. = L. 2* L. = 37,53 2*1,32 35,0
N. . = (L. / L) = 35,0/1,0 = 35 .
74 .
14) .
2*2 (, );
2*17,5
: 39 .
(. ).

III. ,
.

1.

(), , ,
.
P = 2l. + 2b.=267,25+231,5=197,5

: [-4-3-5]

5 . - 1
"
"
4 " -1
"
"
3 " -2
1.-100
8.- =800
N=197,5/800=0,25 1 ..=0,25
5

 2.

20 .

D 5C

h = 1,43
b = 1,93 -
V = 3,1 /
V = 10 /
V. = 11,9 /

q
k * k * k , 3/
t
q , , 3
t ,
k , , k = 0,65
k = 0,75
k = 0,70
2
0,75 * h 2 * b
q=
* k = 0.75 * 1.43 * 1.93 * 0.85 = 2.1 3
k
1. 2
k , , k=0,85
k , k=1,2
t = t + t + t.. + t,
q
l
l3 =
,
t3 =
,
b * h
1000 * V
. =

2. 1
= 5.44
1.93 * 0.2
5..44
t3 =
= 0.0018
1000 * 3.1
l3 =

l
20
,
t =
= 0.002
1000 *10
1000 * V
l
20
t . . =
,
t . . =
= 0.0017
1000 * 11.9
1000 * V . .
t = 0,005
t = 0,0018 + 0,002 + 0,0017 + 0,005 = 0,0105
q
. = k * k * k = 2.1 * 0.65 * 0.75 * 0.7 = 68.25 3 /
t
0.0105
t =

=68,25*8=546 3/
. = *k=546*0.8=436,8 3/

V .
423.68
= 0.97 - 1
N= . =
436.8

0.97
= 0.97
k= 1

: 423,68 3 1 , 1
, D 5C

3. .

. =1.2* =1.2*436,8=524,16 3/
Vc . =508,41 3

508.41
= 0.97 - 1
524.16
0.97
= 0.97
k= 1

N=

: 508,41 3 1 , 1
.

4.

k =1,2

V=200,78 3
904

:
: ,
: 1,05 3
: 7,5
: 10,5
: 9,2
: 8,15
q
1.05
k * k * k =
* 0.65 * 0,7 * 0,6 = 36.75 3 / .
(t * k )
0,0065 * 1,2

t = 0,0065
k = 1,2
k = 0,65
k = 0,7
k = 0,6

. = * . = 36.75 * 8 = 294 3 / .
. .

= . * k = 294 * 0,8 = 235.2 3 / .
.

N=

200.78
= 0.85 - 1
235.2

k= 0,85
: 200,78 3 1 , 1
904.
7

 5.

2 .
Volvo D250E.

: 27
: 12,9 3
: 40 /
q
* k * k , 3 /
2* L
.
(
+ t + t )
V
27
0.75 0.7 = 17.9 3 /
= 1.58( 2 * 2 + 0.35 + 0.05)
40
. =

q ,
L , 2
=1,58 /3
k = 0,75
k = 0,70
t = 0,05
t = 0,35

.=*=17,9*8=143,54 3/
.=143,54*0.8=114,84 3/

N.=

200.78
= 1.7 - 2
114.84

k= 1,7/2=0,85
: 200,783 1 ,
2 Volvo D250E.

6.
N =

.
.
l .. + l
. . . + l . . .

* n =

37.53 + 5.11 + 4.61

* 2 = 72.7 73
1 .3

M = l*b*h*/*N
M = 0,14*1,3*4*2,5=1,82
-25

, : -

: 24
: 17,5
8

 : 20 /
=

q
2L
(
+ t + t )
V

* k * k , /

N=24/1,82=13 , , .
t = 0,04*M*N=0.04*1.82*13=0.95 ,
t= t ,
k , (k=0,75)
k ,
(k=0,7).
13
* 0.75 * 0.7 = 1.89 .
2
*
17
.
2
= (
3,46 /
+ 0.95 + 0.95)
20

=*=1.89*8*2=30,24 / 2
.= *=30,24*0.8=24,19 /


73
= 3.02 - 4 -25
N = =
24.19

k=

3.02
= 0.76
4

: 73 2 , 4
-25.

7.

132,86
: -4571

: 16
: 22
:
: 3,75
: 4,0
=

K K
t + t + t + t + t + t .
1.82
=
0.75 0.75 = 23.01 /
0.016 + 0.0005 + 0.01 + 0.001 + 0.01 + 0.007

q =1,82

t = 0,16 .
H
1
=
= 0,0005.
t =
3600V 3600 0,5

t =

H
2
=
= 0,001.
3600V 3600 0,5

t =0,01 .
t

=0,01 .

t . =0,007 .

=*=23,01*8=184,08 /
.= *=184,08*0.8=147,26 /

N.=

132.86
= 0.9 - 1
147.26

k= 0,9/1=0,9
: 132,86 1 , 1
-4571

8.

-65.

: (4+4)
: 12
: 1,7
4 /.

V=S. =65,19
(b a )l h
=
* k . * k * k , 2 /
l
(
+ t )n
1000V
b ,
a = 0,2 ,
l = 60 ,
t = 0,005 ,
n = 15 .
h =0,25 ,
k . =1,2
k , (k=0,75)
k ,
(k=0,75).
(1.7 0,2)60 * 0.25 * 1.2
* 0,75 * 0,75 = 50.63 2 /
60
=
(
+ 0,005) * 15
1000 * 4

10


=*=50,63*8=405,04 2/
.=0.8* =405,04*0.8=324,032/

V
65.19
= 0.2 1
N= . =
324.03

k= 0.2/1=0.2
: 65,19 3 1 , 1
-65.

9.

V=14,34 3
--45085

: 5,8
: 3,8 3
: 30 /
q
* k * k , 3 /
2* L
.
(
+ t + t )
V
5.8
0.75 0.7 = 3.93 3 /
= 1.3( 2 * 5.8 + 0.16 + 0.05)
30
. =

q ,
L , 5,8
=1,3 /3
k = 0,75
k = 0,70
t = 0,05
t = 0,16

.=*=3,93*8=31,44 3/
.=31,44*0.8=25,15 3/

N.=

14.34
= 0.57 - 1
25.15

k= 0,57/1=0,57
: 14,34 3 1 , 1
--45085.

11

 10.

0,2 .

V=14,34 3
TD15E

h = 0,8
b = 1,0 -
V = 3,2 /
V = 10,5 /
V. = 12,5 /
q
, 3/
t

q , , 3
t ,
k , , k = 0,65
k = 0,75
k = 0,70
q = 0.75 h 2 b K = 0.75 * 0.8 * 0.8 * 1 * 0.85 = 0.408 3
k , , k=0,85
t = t + t.. + t,

l
6.5
,
t =
= 0.0006
1000 * 10.5
1000 * V
l
6.5
t . . =
,
t . . =
= 0.0005
1000
* 12.5
1000 * V . .
t = 0,01
t = 0,0006 + 0,0005 + 0,01 +005 = 0,0111
t =

q
0,408
=
* 0.65 * 0.75 * 0.6 =14,34 3 /
t
0.0111 0,75

=14,34*8=114,68 3/
. = *k=114,68*0.8=91,74 3/

V .
14,34
N= . = 91,74 = 0,16 - 1

0,16
= 0,16
k= 1

: 14,34 3 1 , 1
, TD15E

12

 11.

, 0,15

V=14,34 3
BOMAG BW 16R

: (4+4)
: 8
: 1,98
8 /.

(b a )l h
* k . * k * k , 2 /
l
(
+ t )n
1000V
b ,
a = 0,2 ,
l = 60 ,
t = 0,005 ,
n = 20 .
h =0,15 ,
k . =1,2
k , (k=0,75)
k ,
(k=0,75).
=

(1.98 0,2)60 * 0.15 * 1.2

* 0,75 * 0,75 = 43.25 2 /
60
=
(
+ 0,005) * 20
1000 * 8

=*=43,25*8=346,03 2/
.=0.8* =346,03*0.8=276,832/

V
14.34
= 0.05 1
N= . =
276.83

k= 0.05/1=0.05
: 14,34 3 1 , 1
-65.

12.

.
V=18,6 3
-92-2 ().

13


: 5 3
: 0,17
: 0,17 .
30 /
q

2* L
(
+ t + t )
V

* k * k , 3 /

k = 0,75
L=17,2
k = 0,70
t
t
5

=
(

2 * 17,2
+ 0,17 + 0,17)
30

* 0,75 * 0,70 = 1,74 3 /

. = . * . = 1,74 * 8 = 13.94 3 / .
.

= . * k = 13.94 * 0,8 = 11.15 3 / .
.

N =
k .

18.6
= 1.67 - 2 .
11.15
1.67
=
= 0.84
2

: 18,63 1 , 2
-92-2 ().

13.

0,1 .

V=18,6 3
:
4 1
3 2
:
13 3,2
:
3,2/3=1,067 .
:
13 1,067 .
3 8. X=

8
= 7.5 3.
1.067

N =
k .

V 18,6
=
= 2.48 - 3
X
7.5
2.48
=
= 0.83
3

: 3 1 .
14

 14.

17,2 .

.. = .. N .. + .. N .. = 2 4 + 2,4 70 = 176

-25

, : -

: 24
: 17,5
: 20 /
=

q
2L
(
+ t + t )
V

* k * k , /

q -
t = 0,04 q =0.04*24=0.96 ,

t= t ,
k , (k=0,75)
k ,
(k=0,7).
24
* 0.75 * 0.7 = 3.46 / .
2
*
17
.
2
= (
+ 0.96 + 0.96)
20

=*=3,46*8*3=83,04/
.= *=83,04*0.8=66,43 /

..
176
= 2.65 - 3 -25
N = =
66.43

k=

2.65
= 0.88
3

: 176 3 , 3
. -25.

15.

.. = .. N .. + .. N .. = 2 4 + 2,4 70 = 176

4 1
3 1
6 . 1
:
5 0,4 ( 2,4 )
15

 :
5 0,4 .
8 . =

8 5
= 100 - 1 1 , 200
0.4

176
N = .. =
= 0,88 - 1
X
200
k . =

0,88
= 0.88
1

: 1 2- .

16.

17,2

.
.. = . N . = 4 4 = 16

-25

, : -

: 24
: 17,5
: 20 /
. 14
= 3,46 /

=*=3,46*8=27,69 /
.= *=27,69*0.8=22,15 /

. .
16
= 0.72 - 1 -25
N = =
22.15

k=

0.72
= 0.72
1

: 16 1 , 1
. -25.

16

 17.

.. = . N . = 4 4 = 16

4 1
3 1
6 . 1
:
5 0,24 ( 4 )
:
5 0,24 .
8 . =

8 5
= 166.67 - 1 1
0.24

16
N = .. =
= 0.096 - 1
X
166.67
k . =

0.096
= 0.096
1

: 1 1- .

18.

17,2 .

. . = . N .. + .. N .. = 1,9 4 +1,5 70 = 112,6

-25
16
24

= ( 2 * 17.2 + 0.96 + 0.96)

* 0.75 * 0.7 = 3.46 / .

20

=*=3,46*8*2=55,38 /
.= *=55,38*0.8=44,3 /

. . 112.6
=
= 2.5 - 3 -25
N =

44.3

k=

2.5
= 0.83
3

: 112,6 2 , 3
. -25.

19.

. . = . N .. + .. N .. = 1,9 4 +1,5 70 = 112,6

4 1
3 1
6 . 1
17

 :
5 0,28
:
5 0,28 .
8 . =

8 5
= 142.86 - 1 1
0.28

N =
k .

..

112.6
= 0.79 - 1
142.86

X
0.79
=
= 0.79
1

:1 1- .

20.

17,2 .

. = . N . = 4 4.2 = 16.8

-25
16
24
* 0.75 * 0.7 = 3.46 / .
2
*
17
.
2
= (
+ 0.96 + 0.96)
20

=*=3,46*8=27,68 /
.= *=27,68*0.8=22,14 /

..
16,8
=
= 0.76 - 1 -25
N =

22.14

k=

0.76
= 0.76
1

: 16,8 1 , 1
. -25.

21.

. = . N . = 4 4.2 = 16.8

4 1
3 1
6 1
:
5 0,24
:
5 0,24 .
8 . =

8 5
= 166.67 - 1 1
0.24

18


N =
k .

..

16.8
= 0.1 - 1
166.67

X
0.1
=
= 0.1
1

: 1 1- .

22.

.. = . N . = 4 4 = 16

:
4 . 2
3 2

6 1
:
5 2,56
:
5 2,56 .
16 . =

16 5
= 31.25 - 1 2
2.56

16
N = . =
= 0.51 - 1
X
31.25
k . =

0.51
= 0.51
1

:1 2- ..

23.

. = . N . = 4 4.2 = 16.8

:
4 . 2
3 2

6 1

-2

:
5 1,92
:
5 1,92 .
8. =

8 5
= 20.83 - 1 1
1.92

19


N =
k .

16.8
= 0.81 - 1
20.83

X
0.81
=
= 0.81
1

:1 1- ..

24. .
.. = .. N .. + .. N .. = 2 4 + 2,4 70 = 176

1
1

4
3

6

3
1

:
3 1,92
:
3 1,92 .
32. =

32 3
= 50 - 1 4
1.92

176
N = .. =
= 3.52 - 4
X
50
k . =

3.52
= 0.88
4

: 4 4- .

25. .
74
:
4 2
3 2

6 1
:
1 2,32

20

2
1

 :
1 . 0.58 .
32. =

32 1
= 55 . - 1 4
0.58

N =
k .

N ...

74
= 1.35 - 2
55

X
1.35
=
= 0.68
2

: 2 4- .

26.

17,2 .

V=SABCDE*L*k..
S ABCDE = S ABD =

1
* 1.78 * 1.5 = 1.34 2
2

V=1,34*37,53*1,25=62,863.
Volvo FM10

: 8 3
: 0,25
: 0,25 .
40 /
=

q
* k * k , 3 /
2* L
.
(
+ t + t )
V

k = 0,75
L=17,2
k = 0,70
t
t

21

-500

8
2 * 17,2
(
+ 0,25 + 0,25)
40

* 0,75 * 0,70 = 3.09 3 /

. = . * . = 3.09 * 8 = 24.72 3 / .
.

= . * k = 24.72 * 0,8 = 19.78 3 / .
.

N =
k .

62.86
= 3.17 - 4 .
19.78
3.17
=
= 0.79
4

: 57.83 3 1 , 4
Volvo FM10.

27. .
V=62,863.
:
4 1
3 2
:
1 3 2,5
:
1 3 0,83 .
32. =

32 1
= 38.55 3 - 1 4
0.83

V
62,86
N = =
= 1.63 - 2
X
38.55
k . =

1.63
= 0,82
2

: 2 4-

28. .
1.39
S 2 0.15 S
0.15 = 0.55
= 0.15 =
2
2
2
b = m1 0.25 = 0,48 - 0,25 - 0,14 = 0,09

a=

c = a 2 + b 2 = 0,55 2 + 0.09 2 =0,56

2
( c a ) =2 2 0.56 + 2 (0.56 0.55) = 1.13
l
. = 2c +
3
3

3
.
14

(
1
.
25
+
2 0.14) 1.13 = 3.67
l
=
D

. =
2
S = l
L 1.3 = 3,67 37,53 1,3 = 179,06

4 1
3 1
22

 :
12 0,56
:
12 0,56 .
32. =

32 1
= 57.14 2 - 1 4
0.56

N =

k .

179,06
= 3,13 - 4
57,14

X
3,13
=
= 0.78
4

: 4 4- .

29. .
7

30. .
. 6

31. 2 .

F = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 + F5

B ` . = B . + 2 (h + h .. d 0.5) m =
28,5 + 2 (4.2 + 0.2 1.25 0.14 0.5) 1.5 = 36.03

F1 =
k =

B ` . + L.
2

. .

...

0.5 (2a) K . =

36,03 + 37,53
0,5 (3.31) 1.08 = 65.74 2
2

1700
= 1.08
1580

23

B ` . + ( B ` . + 2 h . m)
b 2a
36.03 + (36.03 + 2 1.89 1.5)
15 3.31
F2 = F3 =
h . ( .
) K . =
1.89

2
2
2
2
h. = d++0.5=1.25+0.14+0.5=1.89
b . = 15

h.
m) + ( B ` . + 2 h. m)
h.
2
2
F4 = F5 =
(h. 15) K . = 2081
2
2
F = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 + F5 =65,74+463,69+463,69+2081+2081=5155,12 3
( B ` . 2

Volvo 40D

: 37
: 22,5 3
: 40 /
q
* k * k , 3 /
2* L
.
(
+ t + t )
V
37
0.75 0.7 = 48.2 3 /
= 1.3( 2 * 2.0 + 0.16 + 0.05)
40
. =

q ,
L , 2,0
=1,3 /3
k = 0,75
k = 0,70
t = 0,05
t = 0,16

.=*=48,2*8=385,61 3/
.=385,61*0.8=308,49 3/

5155,12
= 16.71 - 17
308.49
16.71
= 0.98
17

N.=
k=

: 1 , 17- Volvo 40D.

24

 32.

0,5 .
D10R

h = 2.12
b = 5.26 -
V = 5.2 /
V = 12.5 /
V. = 15.6 /

q
k * k * k , 3/
t
q , , 3
t ,
k , , k = 0,65
k = 0,75
k = 0,70
2
0,75 * h 2 * b
q=
* k = 0.75 * 2.12 * 5.26 * 0.85 = 12.56 3
k
1.2
k , , k=0,85
k , k=1,2
t = t + t + t.. + t,
q
l
l3 =
,
t3 =
,
b * h
1000 * V
. =

12.56
= 11.94
5.26 * 0.2
11.94
t3 =
= 0.0023
1000 * 5.2
l3 =

l
20
,
t =
= 0.0016
1000 * 12.5
1000 * V
l
20
t . . =
,
t . . =
= 0.0013
1000 * 15.6
1000 * V . .
t = 0,005
t = 0.0023 + 0.0016 + 0.0013 + 0,005 = 0,0102
q
. = k * k * k = 12.56 * 0.65 * 0.75 * 0.7 = 420.21 3 /
t
0.0102
t =

=420.21*8=3361.65 3/
. = *k=3361.65*0.8=2689.32 3/

V .
5155.12
= 1.92 - 2
N= . =
2689.32

25

1.92
= 0.96
k= 2

: 1 , 2- , D10R

33. .
HAMM GRW 15.

:
: 11,5
: 1,74
14 /.

(b a )l h
* k . * k * k , 2 /
l
(
+ t )n
1000V
b ,
a = 0,2 ,
l = 37,53 ,
t = 0,005 ,
n = 10 .
h =0,25 ,
k . =1,2
k , (k=0,75)
k ,
(k=0,75).
=

(1.74 0,2)37.53 * 0.25 * 1.2

* 0,75 * 0,75 = 126.98 2 /
37
.
53
=
(
+ 0,005) * 10
1000 * 14

=*=126,98*4*8=4063,36 2/
.=0.8* =4063,36*0.8=3250,692/

V
5155.12
= 1.59 2
N= . =
3250.69

1.59
= 0.79
k 2

: 4 , 2- HAMM GRW 15.

34. .
. 1.

26

 6. .

(+/-)

30
1


------------:
-
5

-
10

:
------------
+0; -10

-
-5; +10


10

------------ :
-
-5; +10

-
5

10



5

50

27