AutoCAD Трёхмерное моделирование и дизайн

-
->
2003
681.3.06
32.973.26-018.2
43
43
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AutoCAD: .
.: -, 2003. - 288 : .
ISBN 5-94157-210-7

AutoCAD. ,
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AutoCAD .

681.3.06
32.973.26-018.2
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02429 24.07.00. 28.02.03.

70x100Vi6. . . . . 23,22.
4000 . 758
"-", 198005, -, ., 29.
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13.03.2002 . .

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199034, -, 9 , 12.
ISBN 5-94157-210-7
. ., 2003
, "-", 2003

AutoCAD

AutoCAD 2000
AutoCAD 2002

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. AutoCAD DesignCenter

8.
9.
10.

11.

1. AutoCAD
2. UPRAGN :
3. AutoCAD

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
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_/
1.
1.1.

1.2.

1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.

1.10.
2.
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.

2.7.
3.
3.1.

3.2.
3.3.
3.4.

3.5. PFACE
15
15
16
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17
20
20
21
22
22
28
29
32
33
34
36
43
44
46
47
47
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50
53
57
57
58
67
72
73
79

4.
V
81
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5. 3D Orbit

4.6.
4.7.

4.8.
-
95
5.
103
5.1.
5.1.1.
5.1.2.
5.1.3.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.7.
5.8.
5.9.
81
82
83
84
85
86
91
92
103
103
104
105
105
111
111
112
116
118
122
124
6.

6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.

6.6.
6.7.

6.8.
127
128
136
139
145
146
148
152
154
_W
7. AUTOCAD DESIGNCENTER

7.1. AutoCAD DesignCenter

7.1.1.
7.1.2.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5. Favorites
7.6.
7.7.
7.8.
159
160
162
162
165
168
168
174
176
177
178
8.

8.1. SOLVIEW/uni

8.2.
8.3. SOLPROF
8.4.
9.
9.1.
9.2.
181
182
187
191
192
199
199
204
10.

10.1.
10.2.
10.3.
10.4.
10.5.
10.6.
10.7.
10.8.
10.9.
10.10.

207
207
211
213
222
230
232
234
239
243
244
Vll_
10.11.
10.12.
10.13.

11.
11.1.
11.2.
11.3.
11.4.
AutoCAD

11.5.

247
249
251
255
256
257
259
261
263
267
269
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256
800 600 VGA,

256
1 ()
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AutoCAD 2000
AutoCAD 2002
130
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CD-ROM
Windows
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3D Orbit (3M ) ( AutoCAD 2000), ( DVIEW ()).
5.

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11
7. AutoCAD DesignCenter

AutoCAD DesignCenter ( AutoCAD)
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Favorites (). .
8.

AutoCAD Solview, Soldraw
Solprof,
. SOLVIEW
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1. AutoCAD

:
1.
Windows.
2. : New | Shortcut ( | ).
3. Create Shortcut ( )
Browse ().
4. Browse () , AutoCAD, , Program Files\ AutoCAD2002,
.
5. acad.exe Open ().
6. , .
2. UPRAGN
:
1. : My Computer ( | :).
2. (:).
14_
3. : New | Folder ( | ).
4. New Folder ( ) UPRAGN
.
3. AutoCAD

1. Start Up (),
Start () Windows
Open (), Programs | Start Up ( | ).
2. Start Up () AutoCAD2002 Windows.
,
, . ,
. , . ,
( Z) .
.
1.1.
,
(. 1.1).
. 1.1.
WCS
() (. 1.2) UCS ().

16
: X , Y , Z XY ( ).
.
. 1.2.

,
X, Y Z.
.
<Enter> ,
.
AutoCAD
.
! 1.1
3.28, .41, 8. X = 3.28; Y = 6.41; Z = 8.0.

, .
@, . Z, Z
,
X Y, <Enter>. , @,8,
<Enter>,
17
1 = 6, A Y= 8, A Z = 0.
Z = 0, A Y= 0, . ., , @,,7.
1.2
0 - 2 . 3 , 4 - 2 , 8 . 6 1 = - 2 . 3 , = 4.2, A Z = 8.61.
(
@ <Enter>
, .

, . (. 1.6).

(. 1.3),
<Shift>.
Temporary tracjs point
o
im
ndpoint
Midpoint
Intersection
Apparent Intersect
Extension
enter
Quadrant
Tangent
Perpendicular
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Insert
Nearest
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xz
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18
, , . X.
AutoCAD X ,
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AutoCAD: .x, . Y, . z, .XY, .XZ, . YZ.
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1-2-3-4 XY LINE ().

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Z = 50 , :
1. Draw | Line ( | ).
2. Specify f i r s t point ( ): . <Enter>.
3. of
14 ( . 1.13 1.14)
(. 1.4).
4. of (need YZ) ( YZ)
.Y <Enter>.
5. of 12.
6. , , of (need z) ( z)
50 <Enter>.
19
specify
next point ( ),
.
7. Specify next point ( )
<Enter>, .
LINE ()
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! 1.4 :' " '-;:: ''- . ;' :;!; ? .'. :': ' '".' ' ': : ::'\- '":' ' [.'
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1. Draw | Solids | Sphere ( | | ).

2. Specify center of sphere
( <,,>) . <Enter>.
<0,0,0>
3. of
1.
4. of (need YZ) ( YZ)
.Y <Enter>.
5. of
2.
6. of (need z) ( z)
. z <Enter>.
7. of
3.
8. specify radius of sphere or
[Diametr] ( [] )
( D ()) <Enter>.
20
1.2.
: D < , Z. , Z. D
XY, X -
XY, Z XY. D (<). AutoCAD .
. Drawing units ( ) (. 1.6), Format | Units ( | ),
Clockwise ( ).
\ Drawing Units
Ange
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1 Decm
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XY
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(. 1.7).
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1 . 5
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80<60, 6 D = 80, = 60, Z = 6.
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21
. 1.7.

X Z ,
, , XY
X ,
XY (. 1.8).
. 1.8.
1.6
@8<,5 ,
XY 8 , ( UCS ()), 60 X
Z, 5.
22
1.3.

UCS (), X XY
XY. (<).
, : R < < / (. 1.9).
, . , . .
@.
. 1.9.
1.4.

UCS (User Coordinat System ). ,
XY .
Z , , . , ELEV (), .
,
Tools | New UCS ( | ) (. 1.10):
World ( ) ;
23
Object () ;
Face () ;
View () ;
Origin () , ,
;
Z Axis Vector (Z )
Z;
3 Point (3 ) ;
X, Y Z ;
Apply ()
.
(
Tools | Orthographic UCS ( | )).
Spelling
Quick Select...
Display Order
Inquiry
Properties
Ctrl+1
AutoCAD DesignCenter Ctrl+2
dbConnect
Ctrl+G
Load Application...
Run Script...
Macro
AutoUSP
Djsplaji Image
NamedUCS...
Orthographic UCS
Move UCS
Neja UCS
Wizards
Drafting Settings...
Tablet
CustomEe Menus...
Options...
>
>
World
Obiect
Face
Z Axis Vector
3 Point
X
Y
Z
. 1.10.

24
| 1.1.
1. Tools | New UCS | Origin ( | | ).

2. .
3. Tools |
Move UCS ( | ).
\
| 1.2. XY
1. Tools | New UCS | 3 Point ( | | 3 ).

2. .
3. X.
4. Y.
1.3.
1. Tools | Named UCS ( | ).

2. Named UCSs ( ) UCS
() (. 1.11) Unnamed ( ),
,
. <Enter>.

Set Current ().
ucs
NamedUCSijOrthographci UCSs|Setn
igs|
CurentUCS:Unnamed
Set urrent
W World
Previous
Details
OK
Cancel
Help
. 1 . 1 1 . UCS, N a m e d UCSs
25
1 1.4. WCS ()

2. UCS () Named UCSs (
) World ( ).
3. Set Current (),
.
j 1.5.
,
, , .
1. : ucs ()
<Enter>. :
Enter an o p t i o n [New / Move / orthoGraphic / Prev / Restore /
Save / Del / Apply / ? / World] <World> ( [ /
/ / / / / / 111 ] <>),
New () ;
Move () ;
orthoGraphic
()
Prev () ;
Restore () ;
Save () ;
Del () ;
Apply () ;
? ;
world () , .
2. ,
, , , <Enter> , .
j.,.........,.....,........,.....,.,..,,..,T.........
1 . 6 .
,...,,..
.,......,.,,,..,..
, . . ..
" '
':]

XY, .
2 . 758
26
,
X . XY
XY , (, ).
1. Tools | New UCS | Object ( | | ).
2. , . X
(. 1.1).
1.1.

. X

. X
.
X X,
, X .
, X
, X
, X ,
. X

, X

, X . Y . XY XY
\ 1.7.
27

) <Del>.
3. .
| 1.8.
1. Tools | Ortopgraphic UCS | Preset ( | | ).

2. UCS ()
( ) .
Ortopgraphic UCSs
3. Depth () Z
(. 1.12). XY , .
XY, YZ XZ .
4. Depth UCS ( ) Z, .
Mucs
NamedUCSsOrthogaiphoi UCSsjSetn
igsj
;wrertUCS: Unnamed
Name ~
m
glFront
fliBack
Lett
| )epth
Set Qurrent
Reset
Depth
Details...
^2
moo
Set Current j
i
1
Details
Relative to:
j ( i World
OK
Cancel
Hep
l
. 1.12. UCS, O r t h o g r a p h i c UCSs
28
I 1.9.

.
.
1. .
)
Set Current ().
4. .
1.10.
1. .
2. Tools | Named UCS ( | ), UCS () Settings ().
3. Save UCS with viewport ( )
.
1.5.
(+)
, XY . AutoCAD

(+), . , , XY . AutoCAD 2002
UCS Icon ( ) (. 1.13).
1.11.
1. View | Display | UCS Icon ( | ! ).

2.
ON (.).
29
(I
[ffjUCS Icon
UCS icon style - ! ("* 2^ 1^ Cone
' ** -P Line jyidth:
Preview- - ~
2
j UCSiconsize
<
'
fr>
UCS icon color
Model space icon color:

i
| Black
Layout lab icon color:

_vj
{ Black
IlIISEZjl
Cancel
Hep
l
. 1.13. UCS Icon
, Origin ().
;,,,.,...,....................,...,,,,,.,.,.,.,,.,,...,,.
,,.,.,..,,,,.,..,,...,.,,..,,,.,...,....,,...,.......,...,...,.............,...-.....--
! 1.12,
1. View | Display | UCS Icon ( | | ).

2.
Properties ().
3. UCS Icon ( )
(. 1.13) .
1.6.

.
.
.
Intersection (), .
, , .
30
Object Snap
( ) (. 1.14), .
Object Snap
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
. 1.14. Object Snap
1. Temporary Tracking Point ( )

.
2. Snap From () ,
.
3. Snap to Endpoint ()
.
4. Snap to Midpoint () .
5. Snap to Intersection () .
6. Snap to Apparent Intersection ( ) .
7. Snap to Extension ( )
.
8. Snap to Center () , ,
.
9. Snap to Quadrant () , , .
10. Snap to Tangent () , , , .
11. Snap to Perpendicular ()
.
12. Snap to Parallel () .
13. Snap to Insert ( )
(, , ).
14. Snap to Node () -.
15. Snap to Nearest () .
16. Snap to None ()
.
17. Object Snap Settings ( )
.
31
i 1.13.
.
1. , <Shift>, .
2. (. 1.15)
.
3. ,
.
.
Temporary track, point
rom
. Poir^ Filters
>
Endpoint
Midpoint
Intersection
Apparent Intersect
Extension
Center
Quadrant
Tangent
Eerpendicular
Parajlel
Node
I r\sert
Nearest
None
Osnap Settings...
. 1.15.
. |16|
1. Tools | Drafting Settings ( | ).
2. Drafting Settings ( )
Object Snap ( )
, (. 1.16).
3. , <F3>
OSNAP ()
.
.
32
1|1 Drafting Settings

Snap and Grid I Pol* Tracking !21$0!
Object Snap Tracking On (F11)
P Object Snap fin (F31,

r Object Snap modes
' D P fndpoint
.Midpoint
" Insertion
Select All
\x " Perpendicular
Clear All
0 " Tangent
X
Nearest
Quadrant ,
H " Apparent intersection
'/
P intersection
Parallel
" Extension
,<. To hack from an Osnap point, pause over the point while in a
command. A tracking vector appears when you move the cui
cursor.
v ' To stop (racking, pause over the point again.
Opikms..,
OK
||
Cancel
Help
. 1.16. D r a f t i n g S e t t i n g s
1.7.
, .
.

. . ,
. ,
<> <Enter>, : Stretch (), Move (), Rotate (), Scale () Mirror (). ,
. ,
, . ,
.
33
| 1.15.
" I
1. , .
2. , , . . ,
.
3.
Move ().
4. ,
, ( <Shift>).
1.8.
XY
Z, . ELEV () .
:
1. Thickness () Elevation ()
Properties (), Modify | Properties
( | );
2. ELEV (),

.

, .
. , ,
:
;
;
, SOLID ().
[ 1.16.
,
, .
1. Format | Thickness ( | ).
34
2. <Enter>.
,
.
1.9.

UCS () (. 1.17)
UCS II (-2) (. 1.18).
k. fc? i
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
. 1.17. UCS
, UCS ():
1. UCS () ;
2. Display UCS Dialog ( ) UCS ();
3. UCS Previous ( ) ;
4. World UCS (MCK) ;
5. Object UCS ( ) ;
6. Face UCS ( )
;
7. View UCS ( ) XY
, . . . ;
8. Origin UCS ( )
;
9. Z Axis Vector UCS ( ZOcb) Z;
10. 3 Point UCS ( 3 )
X Y;
11. Axis Rotate UCS ( X)
X;
35
12. Y Axis Rotate UCS ( Y)

Y;
13. Z Axis Rotate UCS ( Z)
Z;
14. Applay UCS ( ) .
9
tP fcfj #World
_ fllTop
1 2 gIBotbrn
fiJLeft
g
jrj
-V
'j
|
. 1.18. UCS II
UCS II (-2)
.
:
1. Display UCS Dialog ( ) UCS ();
2. Move UCS Origin ( )
XY
Z.
3.
. , . ,
Unnamed ( ).
(. 1.2), .
1.2.

ELEV()
PLAN ()
(View 13D Views |

Plan View) ( | | )
36
1
1.2 ()
UCSMAN ()
, , , ,
,

UCS ()
(Tools |
New UCS) ( | )
UCSICON ()

(View | Display | UCS Icon) ( | | )
1.10.

:
:

;
;
:
;
.
(. 1.19).
f1
< |
^.
. 1.19.
37
1.
1. 0.00,
UNITS ().
20 20 LIMITS () 2
Drafting Settings ( ) (Tools | Drafting Settings ( | )). , GRID
() .
2. : View | Zoom | All ( | |
).
3. CONSTR Center () ,
Layer
Properties Manager ( ),
Format | Layer ( | ), ,
Current ().
4.
, 18 @,-1, LINE ().
5. ,
1, 15 018, 0.
6. OFFSET ()
10 .
7. ,
@14, .
2.
1. CHAIR Continious ()
.
2. From () Endpoint () 0.5 @2, .
3. Thickness () , 16:
Modify | Properties ( | )
Properties ();
Thickness ()
Properties () .
4. ORTHO (), , MIRROR () , Intersection ().
38
5. MIRROR ()
, (
, ORTHO () ).
6. , View |
3D Views | SW Isometric View ( | | ).
3.
1. , View | 3D Views |
Plan View | World UCS ( | | | ).
2. Elevation () 16
Thickness () 1, ELEV ().
3. , PLINE
()
Endpoint (). , Close ().
4. :
Modify | Polyline ( | );

Fit (), ;
<Enter>.
5. ,
View | 3D Views | SW Isometric ( | | ). ( ELEV ())
MOVE () @,,1.
4.
1. ,
Tools | Inquery | ID Point ( | | ) Center ().
2. : =. 00, Y=5 .00, z=o .00.
3. , Tools |
New UCS | Origin ( | | ).
4. X 90.
5. Tools | New UCS | View ( | | ).
39
6. ,
Draw | Text | Single Line Text ( | | ).
1 0
, Intersection (). : .
<Enter>.
7. , Endpoint () Tools | New UCS | Object ( | | ).
8. , , 17, Tools | New UCS | Origin ( | | ).
5.
1. Y -10,
. Tools | New UCS | Y ( | | Y), .
2. ,
View | 3D Views | Plan View |
Current UCS ( | | | ).
3. Thickness () 16, Properties () , Modify | Properties
( | ). .
4. CIRCLE () 0.5,
Center ().
HIDE ().
5. .
6. Thickness () -5 HIDE
().
7. ,
, , ARC
(). :
1 Quadrant ()
;
2 ( Intersection ());
3 .
40
8.
:
,
Tools | New UCS | World ( | | );
: View | 3D Views | SW Isometric ( |
| );
: View | Hide ( | ).
9. , View | Shade | Flat Shaded, Edges On
( | | , ).
10. , View | 3D Orbit ( |
).
6.
1. ,
View | 3D Views | SW Isometric ( | | ).
2. :
View | Zoom | Windows ( |
| );
, ,
Tools | New UCS | Object ( | | ).
3. .
4. RECTANG ()
, 16,2.5, .
5. 2 1:
, Draw | Text |
Single Line Text ( | | ).
6.
Tools | Named UCS ( | ).
7. UCS () World ( ),
Set Current ().
8. UCS () .
7.
1. ,
View | Zoom | All ( | | ),
ERASE ().
41
2.
View | 3D Views | Plan View | World UCS ( | |
| ).
3. PLINE () ,

Endpoint ().
4. :
Modify | Object | Polyline ( | | );
Fit () ;
<Enter>.
5. 1, Draw | Solids | Extrude ( | | ).
6. View | 3D Views | Bottom
( | | ).
7. 0.25 , Modify | Solid Editing | Shell ( | | ), , exit ().
8. , View | 3D Views | ( |
| ).
9. View |
3D Views | SW Isometric ( | | ).
10. MOVE () 0 0,0,16.
11. , View | Shade |
Flat Shaded, Edges On ( | | , ).
12. Stul.dwg.
, AutoCAD
: , .
(wireframe) ,
, , .
.
,
. Z ( Z ). LINE
(),
, 3 .
3DPOLY
(-), ,
.
. PEDIT ()
.

.
,
. , , ,
. , ,
. AutoCAD
. .
44
2.1.

,
PEDIT (),
.
2.1.
1. Modify | Object | Polyline ( | | ).

2. .
3. ,
<Enter>.
:
close () . , Open ();
Join () ,
;
width () ;
Edit vertex () ;
Fit () ;
Spline () ;
Decurve ( ): ,
F i t () S p l i n e ();
Ltype gen () PLINEGEN, , 1.

.
.
0.
( ) . , 1, ;
undo () .
4. , <Enter>.

j.."."..."...."V4".......",...,.,..."^^
,.,,.,,,.,.,.
! 2.2.
45
,.,
1

2. , .
3.
<Enter> .
4.
<Enter>.
| 2.3.
1. (. 2.2)
, ,
.
2. Join
() <Enter>.
3. , . <Enter>.
4. <Enter>
,
(. 2.1).
\ 2.4. Properties
;
1. .
2. Properties () , Modify | Properties ( | )
Properties () .
3. Properties () . , , Categorized ( )
Misc () Closed ()
Yes () No () (. 2.1).
46
2
Properties - Drawinql .dwq
I Polyline
Alphabetic Categorized j
Hyperlink
0
Thickness
El Geometry
1
Vertex
96.8649
Vertex X
174.7761
Vertex Y
Start segment width 0
End segment width 0
0
Global width
0
Elevation
Area
Misc
Mo
Lmetype generation Disabled
JDetefmlnes whether polyline is Open or Closed.

.Closed draws a line segment from current position
\o starting point of the polyline,
. 2 . 1 . Properties
2.2.
LINE (),
, AutoCAD 3DPOLY (-),
, . PLINE (). 3DPOLY (-) , :
;
;

.
2.5.
1. Draw | 3D Polyline ( | ).
2. - .
3. undo (),
.
, .
47
4. undo ()
. .
5. close (), .
. AutoCAD
. , , close
().
undo
().
6. <Enter> .
2.3.
PEDIT ()
, , ,
(. 2.1):
Enter
Undo]
an
option
(
] ).
[Close |
[ |
Edit
vertex |
Spline
curve |
Decurve |
<Enter>. , close ()
open (). ,
.
,
. , 3.
2.4.

, 3DFACE (-),
.
48
. :
;
Thickness ();

EXTRUDE ().
2.6.
3DFACE (-) ,
.
Z, . . invisible ()
,
.
1. Draw | Surfaces | 3DFACE ( | |
).
2. (
) (
). ,
<Enter>.
3. <Enter>
.
4. , Invisible () .
5. ,
invisible ().
.
, HIDE (), SHADE () RENDER
() (. 10).

I n v i s i b l e () 3DFACE (-)
:
EDGE () .
Draw | Surfaces | Edge ( |
49
| ). . .
,
Properties () .
SPLFRAME,
REGEN (). SPLFRAME = 1
, SPLFRAME = 0 .
2.5.

. , XY
.
, . 2.1.

( , ).
2.1.
3DPOLY (3-)
-
Continuous () (Draw |
3D Polyline ( | ))
LINE ()
,
(Draw | Line ( | ))
P E D I T ()

(Modify | Object | Polyline ( | | ))
S P L I N E ()

(Draw | Spline ( |
))
S P L I N E D I T ()

(Modify | Object | Spline ( | | ))
50
2.6.

:
:
;
;
:

VPOINT ()
. 2 . 2 .
1.
1. 0.0,
Format | Units ( | ).
2. 9 12, Format |
Drawing Limits ( | ), 1 Drafing settings ( ),
Tools | Drafting settings ( | ).
3. ,
GRID () SNAP ().
4.
View | Zoom | All ( | | ).
51
2.

1. Draw | Line ( | ) .
2. XY
: , ; 2, ; 2, 4; , 4; close ().
3. 0.5
1,3, CIRCLE ().
4. , XY
1.5 Z :
ELEV ()
, 1.5.
Draw | Line ( | ) : 0,2,1.5; 2,2,1.5; 2,4,1.5;
0 , 4 , 1 . 5 ; Close ().
0,2,1.5 X Y, . . , 1.5.
5. 0.5
1,3.
6. , 0.
7. :
VPOINT ();
Rotate ();
XY X, 50;
XY, 35.
3.
1. , X, 0.5:
Modify |
( | );

<Enter>;
;

Z @,,.5 <Enter>.
52
2. Endpoint (), .
3. VPOINT () ,
<Enter>:
0,-1,0 ;
1,, ;
1,1,1 , ;
120 X 60
XY , .
4.

1. , . 2.2, Tools | New UCS | 3 Point ( | | 3 ).
2. :
center (), Draw | Ellipse | Center ( | | );
,
. <Enter>;
Midpoint () , X;
. Y
<Enter>;
Midpoint () , Y;
. 9 , . .
3. VPOINT (), View | 3D Views | Viewpoint Presets ( | | ) , 2.
5.
1. File | Save As ( | ).
2. Save Drawing As ( ) Name
( ) ( ) Karkas.
53
3. In ( ) Save Drawing As (
) .
4. Save
Karkas.dwg.
().
2.7.

:
:
;
;
STRETCH ();
3DFACE
(-);
:
.
. 2 . 3 .
1.
1. , File | New ( | ).
2. Create New Drawing ( )
USE a Wizard ( ) Select a Wizard
54
2
( ) Quick Setup ( ), .
3. Quick Setup ( )
Decimal () .
4. 60 40 .
5. 2 2 Drafting Settings (
), Tools | Drafting Settings | Snap
and Grid ( | | ).
Grid ( .) .
6.
, View | Zoom | ( | | ).
2.
1. , Draw |
Rectangle ( | ).
2. : 0,0,20; 40,15 (
Z = 20 ).
3. 2 :
Modify | ( | );
,
;
Z 2
@,0,2.
SW Isometric View ( | | ).
5. Endpoint ().
6. :
LINE (), ( Endpoint ()) , , ;
, , 1,0, ;
, , 1,, 1,,22.
7. COPY ()
39 X: @39,0,0.
8. 15 : @,15,.
55
3.
1.
15 X :
Modify | Stretch ( | );
(8 );
2.
, Endpoint ()
;
@-15,,0 .
:
Draw | Line ( | );
Endpoint () ;
.XY;
Z, 4 5;
. YZ;
Endpoint () ;
Endpoint ()
X;
<Enter>.
3. .
4.

1. :
Draw | Surfaces | 3D Face ( | |
);
Endpoint () <Enter>.
2. , 4 . .
3. , , View | Shade | Flat Shaded, Edges On ( | | , ).
4. 3DORBIT (-), View | 3D Orbit ( | ).
56
5.
1. , , , SHADEMODE ()
View | Shade ( | ).
2. 3DORBIT (-).
6.
Wire.dwg:
2. Save Drawing As ( )
Save ().

, .
, ,
.
. , AutoCAD , , , , .
, ,
.
3.1.
,
. . . .
PEDIT (). ,
, ,
.
:
3DMESH (-)
;
RULESURF (-) , ;
TABSURF (-) ,
,
;
3 . 758
58
REVSURF (-) , , ;
EDGE SURF (-) ,
, ( ).
3DMESH (-) N .
SURFTAB1 SURFTAB2.
SURFTAB1 , RULESURF (-) TABSURF (-). SURFTAB1 SURFTAB2
N , REVSURF (-) EDGESURF (-) .
,
. , ,
, ,
, .

Surfaces () (. 3.1),
View | Toolbars | Surfaces ( | | ).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
. 3 . 1 . Surfaces
Surfaces ():
1. 2D Solid (2M ) ;
2. 3D Face (3M ) ;
3. Box () ;
4. Wedge () ;
5. Pyramid () ;
6. Cone () ;
7. Sphere () ;
59
8. Dome () ;
9. Dish () ;
10. Torus (Top) ;
11. Edge () ;
12. 3D Mesh (3M ) ;
13. Revolved Surface ( )
;
14. Tabulated Surface ( ) ;
15. Ruled Surface ( ) , ;
16. Edge Surface ( ) ,
.
| 3.1.
;
. ,
.
3. Draw | Surfaces | 3D Mesh ( | |
).
4. ( 2 256).
5. N ( 2 256).
6.
. (. 3.2).
. 3.2.
j
I
60

N, N . PEDIT ().
&2. ^^^
{^:^
7^-'i:%
. 1:-\:

2. .
3. :
Edit v e r t e x ()
(. 3.3).
X
:
[Next | Previous | Left | Right | Up | Down | Move | REgen |
exit]
([ | I | | | I |
| ]).
Next
() Previous (), N. Right () Left () N, up ()
Down () .
, Move (),
, . REgen ()
,
exit ();
Smoth Surfaces () .
SURFTYPE
(. 3.1).
3.1. SURFTYPE
3 x 3
61
3.1 ()
4 x 4
,
11 -
[ N)
. 3.3.

SURFU
SURFV.
SURFU, N SURFV. 6,
.
SPLFRAME .
SPLFRAME = 0,
,
;
Desmooth ( .) , ;
Mclose () (. 3.4);
Nciose () N;
undo () .
4. ,
,
<Esc> <Enter>.
62
. 3 . 4 .
. 3 . 5 .
i 3.3.
, (. 3.5). , , , ,
. , .
,
,
. ,
. ,
.
2 N,
, , ,
.
63
SURFTAB1,
N . . , N SURFTAB1,
N SURFTAB1 + 1, . .
( + 1) .
1. Draw | Surfaces | Ruled Surface ( | | ).
2. , .
, .

. , , . . , .
[
,
, . , , ,
(. 3.6).
, .
, . .
.
2 N, . ,
N. ./V SURFTAB1, . , , , , SURFTAB1.
,
, SURFTAB1.
. 3.6. SURFTAB1 = 6
64
1. Draw | Surfaces | Tabulated surface ( | |

).
2. .
3. .
\ 3.5.
(
) (. 3.7). , , ,
. N . .
. 3.7.
, , ,
. . :
SURFTAB1 , SURFTAB2 . , ,
, , SURFTAB2. ,
, , SURFTAB2.
1. Draw | Surfaces | Revolved Surface ( | | ).
2. .
3. .
65
4. .
0, 360 (
). ,
. ,
360, .
, , .
| 3.6. ,
1. Draw | Surfaces | Edge Surface ( | |

).
2. .
, N
(. 3.8).
N
SURFTAB1 SURFTAB2 .
(SURFTAB1 + 1) (SURFTAB2 + 1).
. 3.8.
1 3.7.
I
|
j
3DFACE (-). :
1. I n v i s i b l e () 3DFACE
(-).
2. EDGE ().
3. SPLFRAME.
66
SPLFRAME = 1 ,

SPLFRAME = 0. .
1. Draw | Surfaces | 3D Face ( | !
3-).
2.
<Enter> .
3. ,

<Enter>.
,
.

1.
PFACE ().
2. ( ), .
3. , <Enter>.
4. , .

PFACE ()
( . 3.9).
. 3 . 9 .
,
, , .
.
,
.
67
.
,
,
, .
3.2.

AutoCAD 3DMESH
(-).
3D Objects ( ) (. 3.10) Draw |
Surfaces | 3D Surfaces ( | | ), Surfaces
() (. 3.10).
3D Objects
. 3 . 1 0 . 3D Objects
I 3;9. ?%:;::^
1. Box () Surfaces ().
2. .
3. ( X).
68
4. ( Y).
5. ( Z).
6. , Z .
, XY (. 3.11).
X
. 3.11.
. 3.12.
| 3.10.
1. Wedge () Surfaces ().

2. .
3. X.
4. Y.
5. Z.
6. Z.
. ,
, XY (. 3.12).
69
{ 3.11.
1. Pyramid () Surfaces
().
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. Tetrahedron (), .
.
6. ()
.
7. .
. 3.13.
3,12.
1. Cone () Surfaces ().
2. .
3. .
4. ( 0).
5. .
6. ( 16).
70
. 3.14.
i 3.13.
1. Sphere () Surfaces ().

2. .
3. .
4. ( 16).
5. ( 8).
\ W
. 3.15.
3.14.
1. Dome () Surfaces ().

2. .
71
3. .
4. ( 16).
5. ( 8).
. 3.16.
3.15.
1. Dish () Surfaces ().
2. .
3. .
4. ( 16).
5. ( 8).
. 3.17.
3.16.
1. Torus (Top) Surfaces ().
2. .
3. .
72
4. ( 16).
5. ( ).
. 3.18.
| 3.17.
1. Draw | Surfaces | 3D Surfaces ( | |
).
2. Mesh
( ).
()
3D Objects
3. .
4. N.
3.3.
, Surfaces (),
. <Enter>. . 3.2
.
3.2.
3D ()
,
(Draw | Surfaces I
3D Surfaces ( | | ))
73
3.2 ()
3DFACE (3-)

, (Draw I Surfaces I 3D Face ( | | ))
3DMESH (3-)

, N (Draw | Surfaces I 3D Mesh ( |
| ))
EDGE ()
(Draw |
Surfaces | Edge ( | | ))
EDGESURF (-)
( )
(Draw | Surfaces | Edge Surface ( | | ))
PFACE (-)
REVSURF (-)

(Draw I Surfaces I Revolved Surface ( | | ))
RULESURF (-)
, (Draw | Surfaces | Ruled Surface

( | | ))
TABSURF(-)
,
,
(Draw |
Surfaces | Tabulated Surface ( I | ))
3.4.

:
:
;
;
;
;
74
:
.
(. 3.19).
. 3 . 1 9 . ,
1.
1. , 0.0. 420 297 10. .
2. : View | Zoom | All ( | |
).
(~
~^)
3. STEP, Contintous () .
4. , 160,160.
5. 5, Properties
() Modify |
Properties ( | ), Thickness
().
75
6. ELEV () Elevation (),

5.
7. 5,5
155,155.
8. Thickness () = 5.
9. Elevation () = 10.
10.
150,150.
12. View |
2.
1. View |
3D Views | Plan View | World UCS ( | | | ).
2. STEP.
3. FOUND Contintous () .
4. Elevation (), 90,
ELEV ().
5. , 150,150.
3.
1. FOUND.
2. ROOF Contintous () .
3. Elevation () = 95, ELEV () .
4. , Draw |
Line ( | ), : , ;
160,0;160,160; 0,160; Close ().
5. 95
Z, Tools | New UCS | Origin ( |
| ) , , 95.
6. X 90.
76
7. , UCS
(), Tools | Named UCS ( | ).
8. 3 Draw | Arc | 3 Points ( | |
3 ): ,; 80,15; 160,0. Z .
9. (
0,0,-160), Tools | New UCS | Origin ( |
| ), .
10. .
11. -90 Y, BY
8 .
12. BY Z 160 ,
8 .
13. , :
Tools | Named UCS ( | ),
UCS () World ();
View | 3D Views | SW Isometric ( | |
).
14. 4 ,
, , BY, Draw |
Surfaces | Ruled Surface ( | | ).
15. , ,
( ) Draw | Surfaces |
Edge Surface ( | | ).
4.
1. ,
.
2. 80,80,110,
Tools | New UCS | Origin ( | | ).
3. 20 45 Draw | Surfaces | 3D Surface | Cone ( |
| | ).
4.
90 , , 2 0 Draw |
77
Surfaces | 3D Surface | Dome ( | | |

).
5. 20 , 0,0,75,
Draw | Surfaces | 3D Surface | Sphere ( | | | ).
6. 10 ,,8 (Draw | Surfaces | 3D Surface | Cone (
| | )).
7. , View |
5.

1.
View | 3D Views | Plan View | World UCS ( | | | ).
2. ROOF.
3. CONSTR Continious
() , .
4. STEP,
( ).
5. Elevation () = 15 ELEV ().
6. 0,20 160,20,
6 .
7. 20, 20,160, , .
.
6.
1. COLON Continious () .
2. , Draw | Line ( |
) : 20,20,15 20, 20, 90.
3.
:
20,20,15 Tools |
New UCS | Origin ( | | );
78_
X 90, Tools | New UCS |

X ( | | X);
STOLB,
Named UCS ( | );
Tools |
View |
Display | UCS Icon | Origin ( | | |
).
4. , Draw | Polyline
( | ) : 5,5 5,75.
5.
, Draw | Surfaces | Revolved Surface ( |
| ).
6.
View | 3D Views | Plan View | World ( | | | ).
7. COPY ()
, Intersection ().
7.
1. , CONSTR, .
2.
, :
Tools | New UCS | World ( | | );
View | 3D Views | SW Isometric ( | |
);
View | Hide ( | ).
3. , View | Shade |
Flat Shaded, Edges On ( | | , ).
4. , View |
3D Orbit ( | ).
8.
( ) ( ) Besedka.
3. In ( ) .
4. Save
Besedka.dwg.
().
79
3.5.
PFACE
(. 3.20).
--\
J
X
.
/\
'
_--^
. 3.20.
1.
1. 0.0 (Format | Units ( | )).
2. 0,0 60,100 Format | Drawing Limits ( | ).
3. 2 x 2 , Tools | Drafting
Settings | Grid and Snap ( j | ).
4. ,
GRID ().
5. , View | Zoom | All
( | | ).
2.
1. , 30.
2. 70 Z,
COPY ().
3.
1.
( 1-6, 7-12).
80
2. PFACE () .
3. ,
.
4. , ( ). 7 . <Enter> 8- .
4.
1. , View | Hide ( | ).
2. View |
Shade | Flat Shaded, Edges On ( | | , ).
3. 3DORBIT (-).
5.
1.
Properties () .
2. ,
.
6.
1. Pface.dwg, File | Save As
( | ).
( ) ( ) Pface
Save ().

, AutoCAD, :
1.
VPOINT(T3PEHMH).
2. ,
VPOINT ().
3. PLAN ().
4. 3D Orbit
AutoCAD 2000.
(3M ),
5. DVIEW ().
6. SHADEMODE ().
, ,
.
, , 10.
4.1.
,
VPOINT (), View () View | 3D Views ( |
) (. 4.1).
:
() , ;
Bottom () ;
Left () ;
82
Right () ;
Front () ( );
Back () ;
SW Isometric ( ) - ;
SE Isometric ( ) - ;
NE Isometric (CB ) - ;
NW Isometric ( ) - .
Redraw
Regen :
Regen All
: Zoom
>
Pan .
Aerial Ve
iw
Viewports
Named Views..,
3D Orbit
Sbade
>
Render
Display
>
: Toolbars..,
Viewpoint Presets.., :
Pa
l n Ve
iw
:>.
Top
Botom :
Left'.. ' ..'' ....:'
Right
Front :
Back
SW Isometric :
SE Isometric
NE Isometric
NW Isometric
. 4 . 1 .
(. 4.1)
(), PLAN ().
VPOINT
4.2.
VPOINT () . ,
,
( ),
83
Rotate ().
VPOINT () View | 3D Views | Viewpoint
presets ( | | )
Viewpoint presets ( ), . 4.2, DDVPOINT ().
Set Viewing Ange

ls
<? Absolute toaCS
Relative to UCS
P-
acr4
221 /
From: Xfixis:
|270
[ Plane:
[^
Set to Plan View

If
OK ll
Cancel
Help
. 4 . 2 . Viewpoint Presets
X
XY (
From: X Axis ( X)).
XY (
From: XY Plane ( XY)).

WCS () ( Absolute to WCS (
)),
UCS () ( Relative to UCS ( )), . Set to
Plan View ( ) .
4.3.
(. 4.3)
VPOINT () d i s p l a y compass and t r i p o i d
( ),
View | 3D Views | VPOINT ( | | ).
84
. 4.3.
, VPOINT () <Enter>.
, , ,
.
, .
, . , , X Y.

, . 4.2, X Y :
, X;
X;
Y;
Y.

.
4.4.
PLAN (),
View | 3D Views | Plan View ( | | ), , :
Current UCS ( )
;
TJCS ()
, ;
85
World (MCK)
.
UCSFOLLOW 1,
. UCSFOLLOW = ,
.
4.5. 3D Orbit
, 3DORBIT (-), ,

AutoCAD.
. , . 3D Orbit (3M )
View | 3D Orbit ( | ).
, (. 4.4).

<Enter> <Esc>, ,
Exit () (. 4.5).
. 4 . 4 . 3D Orbit
, , , . , ,
, , .
86

3D Orbit (3M ).

,
, , , ,
.

, .

, .
,
.

,
, , .

,
(. 4.5)
3D Orbit (3M ).
E.W!
Pan
Z.oom
./ Qrfait
Projeslion >
Shadn
i g Modes
Visual Aids
Reset Ve
iw
Preset Ve
i ws
Adjust Distance
wivel Camera
Contn
i uous Orbit
Zoom Wn
i dow
Zoom xtents
Adjust Clipping Pa
l nes
Front Clipping On
Qack Clipping On
. 4 . 5 . 3D Orbit
3D Orbit (3M ):
Exit () 3D Orbit (3M );
87
Pan () ;
Zoom () ;
Orbit () Zoom
(), Pan () Continious Orbit (
);
More ( ) ;
Projection () ;
Shading Modes () ;
Visual Aids ( ) , , ,
;
Reset View ( ) ,
3D Orbit (3M );
Preset Views ( ) ( ).
. 4.1 More ( ),
. 4.5.
4.1. More

Adjust Distance ( )
Swivel Camera ( )
Continuous Orbit (
)
Zoom Window ( )
Zoom Extents ( )
Adjust Clipping Planes (- )

,
Front Clipping On ( - ,
)

Back Clipping On ( - ,
)

88
4.1.
1. 3D Orbit ( ) More |
Continuous ( | ).
2. .
3. .
4.
.
4.2.
3D Orbit (3M ) Projection

() (. 4.6).
:
Parallel () , ,
.
Perspective () ,
. .
Shading Modes
ytsual Aids
Reset View
PreseJ Views *
Perspective
. 4 . 6 . Projection
3D Orbit
( ), ,
, .

\ 4.3.
89
|
1. 3D Orbit ( ) More |
Adjust Clipping Planes ( | ).
Adjust Clipping Planes (
) (. 4.7).
2. ,
( ):
Adjust
Front Clipping ( );
Adjust
Back Clipping ( );
Create Slice ( );

;

Front Clipping On/Off (./. );
Back Clipping On/Off (./. ).
. 4 . 7 . Adjust Clipping Planes
,
.
4 3. 758
90
! 4.4.
1. 3D Orbit (3M ) Shading

Modes ().
2.
(. 4.8):
Wireframe () .
Hidden ( ) ,
, , .
Flat Shaded () .
Gouraud Shaded ( ) .
Flat Shaded, Edges On (, )
.
Gouraud Shaded, Edges On ( , ) Gouraud Shaded ( ) Wireframe ().
Exlf
Pan
2oom
* Orbit
Projection
Shading Modes
YJsual Aids >
illilp
Wtireframe
Hidden
flat Shaded
Souraud Shaded
Reset View
Preset Views
^ Flat Shaded, Edges On
Gouraud Shaded, Edges On
. 4 . 8 . Shading M o d e s

3D Orbit (3M ).
91
4.6.
3D Orbit (3M ).
DVIEW (), . Camera () Target point ()
.
I 4.5.
1. (, SW Isometric
( )).
2. DVIEW () <Enter>.
3.
All () <Enter>
.
4. POints ()
.
5. .
6. Distance (). .
7. ,
.
8. <Enter> .

:
Camera () , ;
Target () ,
;
Twist () ;
Clip () ;
Hide () ;
Off (.) ;
Exit () .
92
4.7.

View () (. 4.9),
3D Orbit ( ) (. 4.10) Shade () (. 4.11).

View () , 3D Orbit
( ).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
. 4.9. View
:
1. Named Views ( )
Named Views ( );
2. Top View ( ) ;
3. Bottom View ( ) ;
4. Left View ( ) ;
5. Right View ( ) ;
6. Front View ( ) ;
7. Back View ( ) ;
8. SW Isometric View ( ) -
;
9. SE Isometric View ( ) -
;
10. NE Isometric View (CB ) -
;
11. NW Isometric View ( ) -
;
12. Camera () .
93
H I
fS\|ISWsIometrci
**
1 2 3 4 5 6 7c3 9 T
Boopo
tm
Front
Back
Left
Rg
iht
SEsIometrci
NEsIometrci
N
WsIometrci
. 4 . 1 0 . 3D Orbit
3D Orbit (3M ) :
1. 3D Pan ( ) ;
2. 3D Zoom ( ) ;
3. 3D Orbit (-) -;
4. 3D Continious Orbit ( ) - ;
5. 3D Swivel ( ) ;
6. 3D Adjust Distance ( ) 3DORBIT (-)
;
7. 3D Adjust Clip Planes ( ) - Adjust Clipping Planes ( );
8. Front Clip On/Off ( /);
9. Back Clip On/Off ( /).
, .
12 3 4 5 6 7
. 4 . 1 1 . Shade
94
Shade () (. 4.11) :
1. 2D Wireframe (2M )
( );
2. 3D Wireframe (3M )
( ). ();
3. Hidden ( ) ;
, , ;
4. Flat Shaded () .
,
.
;
5. Gouraud Shaded ( ) - ; . .
;
6. Flat Shaded, Edges On ( )
"" "". ,
;
7. Gouraud Shaded, Edges On ( , )
. ,
.
,
(. 4.2).
4.2.
CAMERA
()
DDVPOINT
()
(View |
3D Views | Viewpoint Presets ( | | ))
DVIEW
3
4
()
HIDE
()
PLAN
()
(View |
3D Views | Plan View ( | | ))
95
4.2 ()
SHADEMODE
()

(View | Shade ( | ))
VPOINT
()
(View |
3D Views | VPOINT ( I 3M | ))
VPORTS
()
(View |
Viewports ( I ))
3DCLIP
(3-)
. 3D Orbit
( )
3DCORBIT
3DORBIT
10
(-)
(-)
3DDISTANCE
(3-)

3DORBIT (-)
3DORBIT
(-)

(View I 3D Orbit ( | ))
13
3D PAN
(3-)
Pan ()
3DORBIT (-)
14
3DSWIVEL
(-)
3DORBIT
3DZOOM
(3-)
Zoom () 3DORBIT
11
12
15
(-)
(-)
4.8.
-
:
:
3D Orbit ( );
;
3D Orbit ( )
Shade ();
:

;
;
.
96
(. 4.12). ,
.
. 4.12.
1.
1. 0.0.
2. 80 60 2 x 2 . .
3. View | Zoom | All
( | | ).
4. Solids ()
View | Toolbars | Solids ( | | ).
2.
1. Box () Solids ().
2. :
, , .
( X), ( Y), ( Z),
. . 60,40,40 Z, .
3. :
View | 3D Views | Viewpoint Presets ( | |
).
97
:
1. X, 300;
2. XY, 35.
4. Endpoint (), ( Intersection () ).
5. Midpoint ().
6. :
Solids () Box ().

Center () <Enter>.
Midpoint () .
:
0-20,10,20.
7. , , ERASE ().
8. ,
Modify | Solid editing | Subtract ( | | ).
9. :
, View | 3D Views |
SW Isometric ( | - | ).
View | Shade | Flat Shaded ( | | ).
10. , View | Shade |
2D Wireframe ( | | 2 ).
3.
1.
,
Tools | New UCS | 3 Points ( | | 3 ):
, , .
Endpoint () X
.
_9S
Endpoint () Y
.
2. FR, UCS (), Tools |

Named UCS ( | ).
3.
View | 3D Views | Front ( | | ).
4. Endpoint ().
5. Midpoint (), 10 -50 ( Z ,
).
6. ERASE ().
7. ,
Modify | Solid Editing | Subtract ( | | ).
8.
:
Tools | Named UCS |
World ( | | ).
View | 3D Views | SW Isometric ( | | ) .
4.
1. = 20
:
Solids () Box ()
.
Endpoint () .
: @15,15.
, 20.
2. , Modify | Solid editing | Union

( | | ).
5. -
1. 3D
( ) .
Orbit
99
2. 3D Orbit (3M ) , .
3. , 3D Orbit
( ).
4. Shade ().
5. Gourant ( ). .
6. Object properties ( )
Layers (). Layer
Properties Manager ( ).
51 .
.
7. , 3D Orbit (3M ).
8. View | 3D Views | SW
Isometric ( | | ).
9. :
3D Continious Orbit ( ) 3D Orbit ( ).
, . : .
3D Orbit ( ).
10. View | 3D Views | SW
Isometric ( | | ).
6.
1. 3D Orbit ( ) 3D Adjust
Clip Planes ( ). Adjust
Clipping Planes ( ) (. 4.7).
2. :
( ) Adjust Front Clipping ( ).
( ) Front
Clipping On/Off ( /).
.
3. :
( )
Adjust Bask Clipping ( ).
100
( ) Bask
Clipping On/Off ( /).
,
.
4. Create Slice ( ) ( ). , .
5. 3D Orbit (3M ) 3D Orbit
( ).
6. .
7. .
Y.
8. 3D Orbit (3M ),
Exit ().
9. ,
7.

3D Orbit ( ) , , UCS ().
,
:
1. 3D Orbit ( ) 3D Orbit ( ).
2. Visual Aids ( ),
Compass ().
3. .
4. . Visual Aids (
), Grid ().
5. .
6. SW Isometric ( ),
3D Orbit ( ).
7. Projection (),
Perspective ().
8. .
9. :
101
SW Isometric ( ).
3D Orbit (3M ).
8.
, 4
.
1. , Options () Tool | Options
Options ()
System ().
2. Current 3D Graphics Display ( -)
Properties ().
3. Materials () Enable Materials
( ). Apply&Close (), .
4. , , Render ().
Render ().
5. Materials ().
6. Materials () Materials
Library ( ).
.
7. AQUA GLAZE, Import () . .
8. Materials ():
Attach () ;
.
.
9. 4 , View | View port | 4 View ports

( | | 4 ).
10. . Shade
() 3D Wireframe (3M ).
11. .
12. Shade () Flat
Shaded ().
102
13.
Gourand Shaded, Edges On ( , ).
14. .
15. Render (), Render
().
16. View | Regen ( | ) REGEN ().

,
, . ,
. ,
,
. AutoCAD

.
.
5.1.

.
. , .
5.1.1.

ISOLINES (0-2047). ISOLINES = 4.

:
1. ISOLINES ,
<Enter>.
2. Tools | Options ( | ) Options ().
104
Display () Display Resolution ( ) Contour lines per

surface ( ). Apply (), .
(. 5.1) , ,
View | Regen ( | ). , HIDE ().
. 5 . 1 . ISOLINES = 4 16
5.1.2.

HIDE (), SHADE () RENDER ()
FACETRES, 0.01 10.0 (
0.5),
. . 5.2
.
:
1.
.
mm
-
^.
TV
/ (\
,iîil
X
. 5 . 2 . HIDE FACETRES = 0.01 10
105
2. Tools | Options ( | ) Options ().

Display () Display Resolution ( ) Rendered object
smoothness ( ). Apply
(), .
5.1.3.

DISPSILH, 0 1 ( 0), , (. 5.3),
, 1.
. 5 . 3 . HIDE DISPSILH = 0 1
:
1. DISPSILH ,
<Enter>.
2. Tools | Options ( | ) Options (). Display () Display performance ( )

Show silhouettes in wireframe ( ). Apply (), .
5.2.
, . , ,
. ,
106
AutoCAD . , , .
| 5.1.
1. (. 5.4) Draw | Solids | Box ( | |
) .
2.
, <Enter>
.
3. XY.
4. , <Enter>.
('. Ray'.. : . : , .:: :.

:ConstructlonUne
: 'Multilinei: .
Polyline:
3D: Polyline
Poy
lgon "['
(Rectangle
Circle
Spline
.
!:? Efitpse i ":-'> '
j Bo
l ck
>
;
/:Poi
nt
/
Hatch.. :;
1
: Boundary..,
Rego
in
:Text
Surfaces
B2BHHH9
Box
Sphere
::
cone ;':';.
Wedge: i v
Torus::
Extrude w ,:'
Revolve :
Slice
Section \
Interference
Setup ..
. 5.4. Solids
XY (. 5.5). () CEnter (),

.
107
>
. 5.5.
1. (. 5.4) Draw | Solids | Cone ( | | ) .

2.
. E l l i p t i c a l ().
3. ( )
.
4. Apex (),

, XY.
,
(. 5.6). CONE () .
(. 5.7) EXTRUDE ().
! 5.3.
1. (. 5.4) Draw | Solids | Extrude ( |

| ) .
2. , .
3. ( ) <Enter>. .
108
4. ( ). .
. 5.6. , , XY

. 5.7. ,
.
5.4.
1. (. 5.4) Draw | Solids | Cylinder ( |

| ) .
2. E l l i p t i c a l ()
.
3. ( )
.
4. Center of o t h e r end (
), , XY.
109
, (. 5.8).
. 5.8. , XY
pfijri 5.5.
1. (. 5.4) Draw | Solids | Sphere ( |
| ) .
2. .
3. .
XY, Z .
[ 5-6;
(. 5.9). XY
.
1. (. 5.4) Draw | Solids | Torus ( ]
| ) .
2. .
3. .
4. .
,
. ,
-2.0 , 2.0.
, .
110
. 5 . 9 . ,

5.7.
1. (. 5.4) Draw | Solids | Wedge ( |

| ) .
2.
XY,
<Enter> .
3. XY.
4. .
XY ,
(. 5.10).
( , )
Z.
. 5 . 1 0 .
WEDGE (), ,
CEnter (),
.
111
5.3.
X Y , , REVOLVE ().
, , , , , , .
| 5.8.
1. Draw | Solids | Revolve ( | | )

.
2. , , .
3.
.
,
(. 5.11). .
4. .
. 5 . 1 1 . , 90
DELOBJ ,
. DELOBJ = 1 ( )
. DELOBJ = 0.
5.4.
, . . , , , , , , , ,
112
EXTRUDE (). (. 5.12).
. 5.12. ,
i 5.9.
1. Draw | Solids | Extrude ( | | )

.
2. .
3. (-).
4. , .
( 0 1 DELOBJ). .
, , .
5.5.
(. 5.13), (. 5.14) (. 5.15) .
; 5.10.
1. Modify | Solid Editing | Union ( |

| ).
2. .
,
.
.
113
. 5 . 1 3 .
5.11.
1. Modify | Solid Editing | Subtract ( |
| ).
2. , .
<Enter>.
3. , . <Enter>.

, (. 5.14). ,
.
. 5 . 1 4 .
|=5.12& ^?
; I
1. Modify | Solid Editing | Intersect ( |

| ).
2. .
114
, (. 5.15).
. 5.15.
, INTERFERE () , INTERSECT (),

(. 5.16).
, .
INTERFERE () Draw | Solids | Interfere ( | | ).
. 5.16. INTERFERE
( MOVE)
<^^
SECTION () , . .
1. Draw | Solids | Section ( | | ).
2. , .
3. . , SLICE (). .
object () (, , , , ).
115
zaxis () Z, .
, Z.
view () ,
.
XY, YZ zx
.
3points () ( ).
(. 5.17).
. 5 . 1 7 . ,
5.14. fuioctfocf
SLICE () . UNION
().
. . (. 5.18).
. 5 . 1 8 . , SLICE UNION
116
1. Draw | Solids | Slice ( | | ).

2. .
3. ( ). ,
SECTION ().
4. ,
keep Both sides (), .
5.6.

:
1. .
2. Solids () (. 5.19),
.
3. ,
<Enter>.
GO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
. 5 . 1 9 . Solids
Solids () (. 5.19) :
1. Box ()
();
2. Sphere () ;
3. Cylinder () ;
4. Cone () ;
5. Wedge ()
, X;
6. Torus (Top) , ;
7. Extrude () ;
8. Revolve ()
;
117
9. Slice () ;
10. Section ()
;
11. Interfere () -,
;
12. Setup Drawing (: )
;
13. Setup View (: )
;
14. Setup Profile (: ) , .

(. 5.1). ,
, .
5.1.
ACISN
ACIS , (Insert | ACIS File ( |

ACIS))
ACISOUT
ACIS-
AMECONVERT
12- AutoCAD
BOX ()
(Draw | Solids | Box ( | | ))
CONE ()
(Draw |
Solids | Cone ( | | ))
.6
CYLINDER

(Draw | Solids I Cylinder ( | | ))
()
7
EXTRUDE
()

(Draw | Solids | Extrude ( |
| ))
INTERFERE
()

(Draw | Solids ] Interference ( | | ))
118
5
5.1 ()
INTERSECT

. (Modify |
Solid Editing | Intersect ( | | ))
()
10 MASSPROP
(-)
11
REGION
()
12 REVOLVE
()
13 SECTION
()
14 SLICE
()
15
16
- , (Tools | Inquery | Mass Properties) ( |

| )
(Draw | Region ( | ))

(Draw | Solids | Revolve ( I I ))
(Draw I Solids I Section ( | |
))
(Draw | Solids | Slice ( | | ))
SPHERE ()
(Draw | Solids I
Sphere ( | | ))
SUBTRACT

(Modify | Solid Editing I Subtract ( | | ))
()
17 TORUS (TOP)
(Draw | Solids |
Torus ( | | ))
18 WEDGE()
(Draw | Solids |
Wedge ( | | ))
19 UNION
(Modify |
Solid Editing I Union ( | | ))
()
5.7.

(. 5.20) ,
.
119
. 5.20.
1.
1. 0,0 500,500
.
2. Decimal () Precision (), 0.
3. , View | Viewports | 2 Viewports |
Vertical ( | | 2 | ).
4. 25 X Y Drafting
Settings ( ) Snap and Grid ( ), Tools | Drafting Settings ( | ).
5. View |
Zoom | All ( | | ).
6. :
Format | Layer ( | ) Layer Properties Manager ( ) New ();
Chair ;
Color, -
Select Color ( ) ;
Current () Layer
Properties Manager.
120
7.
, View | 3D Views | SW Isometric ( | - |

).
2.
2. In ( ) Save Drawing As (
) .
3. File name () ( ).
Files of type ( )
dwg.
4. Save () .
5. Save () .
3.
25 25
400.
1. :
(), Draw | Solids |

Box ( | | );
,
25,25,400 <Enter>.
2. :
Modify | ( | ) ;
( ), , @4 00,,
.
3. 400:
Modify | ( | ) ;
, ,
<Enter>, @, , 4 .
800.
121
4. :
Draw | Solids | Box ( | | )
;
Endpoint ()
( View | Zoom | Window ( | | ));
@375,25,-25.
5. :
;
Modify | ( | ) ;
, @,4, , <Enter>;
View | Zoom | All ( |
| ) .
6. :
0
. ;
;
()
Endpoint () .
.
7. :
Modify | ( | ) ;

Multiple ()
. ();
,
<Enter>: @o,o-2o; @400,,; @4,,4; @40,,; @4,,-.
5 3. 758
122
8. , View | Zoom | All ( | | ).

9. , @,,-2.
4.
1. ,
Endpoint ()
, 0400,425,25.
2. () . Endpoint () .
@-25,425,225.
3. .
4. ,
@0,-25,0.
5. .
5.8.

(. 5.21),
.
, , .
z
V
. 5.21.
123
1.
1. Format | Drawings Limits ( | ). AutoCAD
.
<Enter> , , , .
2. Format | Units ( | )
Precision () Drawing Units ( ) , 0.
3. .
4. 250 250 .
5. .
6. Stol .
7. SW Isometric ( )
.
8. Table.dwg.
2.
1. Draw () Rectangle (),
.
.
2. @50,50.
3. View | Toolbars | Solids ( | | ).
4. Solids () Extrude ()
.
5. : @1850,,; @,85,; @185,85,.
6. .
3.
1. View |
Zoom | Windows ( | | ).
2. () Solids ().
3. , FROM () Endpoint ()
124
@-50,-50 .
4.
02000,1000,35.
5. .
5.9.

(. 5.22). ROTATE3D (-) 90 ,
XY.
. 5.22.
1.
.
1. Table.dwg, , File | Open ( | ).
2. .
3. :? , ERASE ().
4. SAVEAS () Vase.dwg.
5. Stol Vaza.
125
2.
1. Polyline () Draw (), (
).
2. <Enter> ,
:
@15,; @,-; @5,; @,5;
Arc (); 050,100; 6-100,1500; 00,50; 0-50,25;
Line (); @0,-85; @60,-50;
Arc (); @15,-1420;

Line (); ORTHO () ;
.
X, <Enter>, ,
Endpoint (), ;
40 , close () ;
3.
1. Draw | Solids | Revolve ( | | )
.
2. Select objects ( )
.
3. ,
Endpoint (), .
4. ORTHO (),
. - ,
" ".
5. XY.
Modify | 3D Operation | Rotate 3D ( | |
), ;
6.
Endpoint ()
, @, , ;
90
<Enter>.
.
126
7. , View | Shade | Flat Shaded, Edges On ( | | ,

).
4.
1. ,
View | Shade | 2D Wireframe ( | | 2 ).
2. ,
ISOLINES = 2, 8, 16,
24, 32 ( ISOLINES = 4).
3. , View | Regen ( | ), .
4. , View | Shade |
2D Wireframe ( | | 2-)
ISOLINES = 4.
5. FACETRES = 0.01,
, View | Hide ( |
).
6. FACETRES = 10 (
FACETRES = 0.5).
7. FACETRES = 0.5 .
HIDE (), SHADE (), RENDER ().
8. DISPSILH = 1 ( 0),
, View | Hide ( |
). .

, ,
. ROTATE (),
() ARRAY () :
MIRROR
ROTATE3D (-) ;
3DARRAY (-) ;
MIRROR3D (-)
.
, , :
ERASE () ;
COPY () ;
MOVE () ;
SCALE () ;
EXPLODE ()
;
ALIGN () .
, , :
TRIM () , ;
EXTEND () ( );
CHAMFER () ;
FILLET () .
128
,
:
OFFSET () ,
;
STRETCH () ;
LENGTHEN () ;
BREAK ()
.
, .
6.1.

!6.1.
' ;:'..,V'^'^:Xi::i:F::r-vÂr'-':
1. Modify | 3D Operation | Rotate 3D ( | |
) ROTATE3D (-) <Enter>.
2. , .
3. :
object () , , ,
. ,
;
Last () ;
view () , ;
Xaxis (), Yaxis (Yocb), Zaxis (Zocb) -
2points (2) , ( ).
, .
4.
<Enter> ( . 6.1).
129
. 6 . 1 . 90
6.2.
1. Modify | 3D Operation | 3D Array ( | |
) 3DARRAY (-)
<Enter>.
2. <Enter>.
3. Rectangular () <Enter>.
4. <Enter>.
5. <Enter>.
6. ( Z)
<Enter>.
7. , , <Enter>, .
8. .
9. <Enter> (
. 6.2).
| 6.3.
1. Modify | 3D Operation | 3D Array ( | |

) 3DARRAY (-)
<Enter>.
2. , <Enter>.
3. Polar ()
<Enter>.
4.
<Enter>.
130
5. (
) <Enter>.
6. <Enter>
NO () .
7. ,
.
8. ( . 6.3).
. 6.2.
(4 , 3 5 )
. 6.3. ,
i 6.4.
\
\
j
1. Modify | 3D Operation | Mirror 3D ( | |
) MIRROR3D (-) <Enter>.
2. ,
<Enter>.
131
3. :
object () (, , , , );
Last () ;
zaxis (zocb) Z,
XY. ,
Z;
view ()
;
XY, YZ, zx ;
3points () , ( ).
4. <Enter>
Yes () ( . 6.4).
. 6.4.

6.5.
ALIGN ()
, . (
) , ( ), ( ).
(. 6.5)
. ,

132
.
HIDE ().
1. Modify | 3D Operation | Align ( | | ).
2. .
3. , .
4. <Enter>, .
5. , .
6. , ,
.
continue () .
. 6 . 5 .
( ), . ,
,
.
6.6.
, ,
, , ,
Project () TRIM ().
133
, , .
1. Modify | Trim ( | ).
2. <Enter>
,
XY . , .
3. Project (),
, ,
<Enter>.
4. , <Enter>:
None () ,
;
ucs () XY ( );
view () .
<Enter> .
5.
, , <Enter> .
, (. 6.6), .
. 6 . 6 .
134
I 6.7.
EXTEND () P r o j e c t ()
TRIM (),
Edge (), .
1. Modify | Extend ( | ).
2. , ,
<Enter> . , , , , , , , ,
.
3. Edge (), ,
<Enter>.
4. , <Enter>:
Extend ( ) ;
Noextend ( ) ,
.
<Enter> .
5. , <Enter> .
| ^ 6.8s |>
:^.-*:.^:-'^. ^"^".^-'^
FILLET ().
, .
1. Modify | Fillet ( | ).
2. , .
3. <Enter>.
4. <Enter>
.
. 6.7
F I L L E T ().
135
. 6.7.
| 6.9. [
1. Modify | Chamfer ( | ).
2. (
) <Enter>.
3. ,
.
4. () .
5. .
. 6.8 CHAMFER ().
. 6.8.
136
6.10.
AutoCAD MASSPROP
(-) . 1,
, , .
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SOLIDS
Mass:
288128.4281
Volume:
288128.4281
Bounding box:
X: 61.0198 253.9712
Y: -5.9035 186.4895
Z: 0.0000 50.0000
Centroid:
X: 124.2515
Y: 123.3186
Z: 30.2055
Moments of inertia: X: 5044800320.5255
Y: 5113983130.5603
Z: 9522420717.4776
Products of inertia : XY: 4214777608.6221
YZ: 1086604751.1654
ZX: 1067924626.0601
Radii of gyration:
X: 132.3210
Y: 133.2253
Z: 181.7945
Principal moments and X-Y-Z directions about centroid:
I: 200723996 4237 along [0.7089 -0.7042 -0.0385]
J: 601612755.4244 along [0.7048 0.7094 0.0000]
K: 693195210.3149 along [0.0273 -0.0271 0.9993]
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213
10.3.
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238
Background () (. 10.27) (
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240
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241
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242
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243
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245
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246
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247
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248
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252
10
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253
4.
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254
10
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IG4
Image Systems Group 4
IG4
IGS
Image Systems Grayscale
IGS
JFIF
JPEG
Joint Photographies Expert Group
JPG JPEG
PCX
PicturePC Paintbrush Picture
PCX
PICT
Picture Macintosh Picture
PCT
PNG
Portable Network Graphic
PNG
RLC
Run-Length Compressed
RLC
TARGA
True Vision Raster-Based Data Format
TGA
TIFF
Tagged Image File Format
TIF TIFF
257
8- -
24- .
11.2.

11.17!
1. .
2. Insert | Raster Image ( | )
Image Attach ( ) Reference ().
3. Select Image File ( )
(. 11.1) Open ().
Select Image File
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Specify on-screen ( )
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11
258
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. 11.2. Image
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,
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.
1. Insert | Image Manager ( | ) Image ()
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2. Image Manager ( )
(. 11.3) Unload () Reload ()
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259
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3. Image Manager ( ).
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| 11.3.
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1. Insert | Image Manager ( | ) Image ()
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(. 11.3) Delete ()
.
3. .
11.3.
.
, ,
.
,
.
260
11
1 11.4.
1. IMAGECLIP ()
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;
Modify | Clip | Image ( | | );
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Image Clip ( ) Reference ().
2. , ,
<Enter>.
3. New boundary ( ) <Enter>.
4. polygonal ()
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5. .
undo ().
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11.5.
1. .
2. , .
3. ,
. .
4. <Esc>.
I 11.6.
1. Modify | Properties ( | ) ,
Properties () Properties ().
2. , Properties
() .
3. Properties () Show clipped
( ) Yes () No ().
261
No (), ,
.
4. Properties (),
<Esc>.
| 11.7.
.
1. ,
11.4.
2. , .
3. IMAGECLIP () Delete () <Enter>.
11.4.

11.8.
1. Modify | Object | Image | Adjust ( | | | ) ,

.
2. <Enter>.
3. Image Adjust ( ) : Brightness (), Contrast ()
Fade ( ) (. 11.4).
Image Adjust
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Help
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262
j 11.9.
11
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| 11^1 . " 1 : ' * ' ^ 0 ' ^ ; ' ^ < -!
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1. Modify | Object | Image | Transparency ( | |
| ).
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11.11.
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2. on () off (),
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off () ,
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| 11.12.
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1,
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263
, Tools | Inquery | Distance ( | | ).

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5. Reference ()
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6. View | Zoom | Window ( | | )
.
7. View | Zoom | Previous ( | | ),
View | Zoom | Window ( | | )
.
8.
<Enter>.
9. View | Zoom | Extents ( | | ),
.
11.5.

Reference () (. 11.5).
,
. , :
101!-'11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
. 1 1 . 5 . R e f e r e n c e
264
11
1. External Reference ( ) ;
2. External Reference Attach ( ) ;
3. External Reference Clip ( )
,
;
4. External Reference Bind ( ) ;
5. External Reference Clip Frame ( )
;
6. Image () Image Manager ( );
6. Image Attach ( )
;
7. Image Clip ( ) ;
8. Image Adjust ( ) , ;
9. Image Quality ( )
;
10. Image Transparency ( ) ;
11. Image Frame ( )
.
, (. 11.2).
, , .
11.2.
BMPOUT ()
BMP
EXPORT ()
WMF, SAT, STL, EPS, DXX, BMP, 3DS, DWG

(File | Export ( | ))
265
11.2 ()
IMAGE ()
Image ( )
, 11.1 (Insert | Image Manager
( | ))
IMAGEADJUST
()
,
(Modify | Object |
Image | Adjust ( | | |
))
IMAGEATTACH
()
(Insert |
Raster Image ( | ))
IMAGECLIP()
(Modify | Clip |
Image ( | | ))
IMAGEFRAME
()

(Modify | Object | Image | Frame ( |
| | ))
IMAGEOUALITY
()
(Modify I Object | Image | Quality ( |

| | ))
PSOUT ()
PostScript (EPS)
10
SKETCH ()
11
TRACE ()
12
TRANSPARENCY
()
(Modify I Object I Image |

Transparency ( | | |
))
13
WMFIN ()
Windows
(WMF) (Insert | Windows Metafile ( | WMF))
14 WMFOPT ()
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15 WMFOUT ()

Windows (WMF)
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V / ' - ;...''. '';:

1-2-3-4 XY LINE ().

1. Draw | Solids | Sphere ( | | ).

.. : ; '.' '' ' : ' . : . ' ; :,::: . . > . '

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80<60, 6 D = 80, = 60, Z = 6.

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1. Tools | New UCS | 3 Point ( | | 3 ).

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1. Tools | Named UCS ( | ).

1. Tools | Named UCS ( | ).

2. UCS () Named UCSs (

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. 1.12. UCS, O r t h o g r a p h i c UCSs

1. View | Display | UCS Icon ( | ! ).

UCS icon color

Model space icon color:

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P Object Snap fin (F31,

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12. Y Axis Rotate UCS ( Y)

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close () . , Open ();

Ltype gen () PLINEGEN, , 1.

1. Modify | Object | Polyline ( | | ).

JDetefmlnes whether polyline is Open or Closed.

LINE (), ( Endpoint ()) , , ;

1. Modify | Object | Polyline ( | | ).

1. Draw | Surfaces | Tabulated surface ( | |

1. Draw | Surfaces | Edge Surface ( | |

1. Wedge () Surfaces ().

1. Sphere () Surfaces ().

1. Dome () Surfaces ().

, (Draw | Surfaces | Ruled Surface

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Surfaces | 3D Surface | Dome ( | | |

X 90, Tools | New UCS |

Set Viewing Ange

Set to Plan View

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3D Orbit (3M ) Projection

Back Clipping On/Off (./. ).

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1. 3D Orbit (3M ) Shading

2. FR, UCS (), Tools |

2. , Modify | Solid editing | Union

9. 4 , View | View port | 4 View ports

Display () Display Resolution ( ) Contour lines per

2. Tools | Options ( | ) Options ().