Biosensing Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Stephanie
1 Hare ,

Laurel

1,2 Rognstad ,

Matthew

1 Idso ,

Jiajie

1 Xu ,

and Qiuming

1 Yu

of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle , WA 98195 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505

1Department

Introduction to SERS
- Raman spectroscopy utilizes the inelastic scattering of a photon fired at a sample - The change in frequency of the photon is called the Raman shift and gives information about the composition of a sample - Certain surfaces can enhance Raman scattering

Experimental Design
- Bacteria experiment - ITO-coated glass, 300 nm deep wells - Bacteria placed on surface by drop and dry method - Milk experiment - R6G or 4MP added to milk - Silicon, 390 nm deep wells - Dip and dry method

785 nm Laser

Enhanced Raman Spectra

SEM images of nanohole array used for milk experiment Illustration of bacteria on SERS substrate

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)

Laser Molecules
Nano-scale Roughed Metal Surface (e.g., Au, Ag, Cu)

Enhanced Raman Scattering (106 1014)

Results
SERS Spectra of Four Bacteria
(Average and Normalized over 100 spectra of Each Bacterium)

SERS Spectra of Milk with R6G Compared to Milk, R6G, and Bare Glass

Electromagnetic Enhancement

SERS

Chemical Enhancement

Objective
- To design and fabricate a surface using electron beam lithography (EBL) that can significantly enhance Raman scattering for use in the detection of potentially harmful biological materials
Principle Component Analysis (PCA) of SERS Spectra of Four Bacteria

Fabrication of SERS Chips

- Si or ITO coated glass is spin coated with PMMA - Pattern created on surface of PMMA using EBL - Gold evaporated onto patterned surface - Pattern of wells - 400 nm diameter, 100 nm spacing, 50 nm Au

Discussion/Future Work
EBL
- SERS proved successful for identifying bacteria, less so for detecting milk impurities - Continue experiments on milk, using different parameters - Different fat content, different concentration of impurity, different types of impurities
Acknowledgments
Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC), University of Washington, Nanotechnology User Facility (NTUF), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Au Evaporation