addresses basic literacy using the strategy of phonics and move on to enable pupils to become independent readers.

pupils phonemics awareness will be developed by means of phonics. recognising letter sounds is an essential and useful early reading skill. pupils should be aware of the relationship between phonemes and the grapheme.

Phonics
Phonics is knowing that sounds and letters have a relationship. A child who has mastered phonics can connect the sounds he knows with letters, then put them together to make words. Phonics offers your beginning reader the strategies she/he needs to sound out words. 26 letters in our alphabet correspond to 44 sounds.

Phonics vs Phonetics
Phonics: Correlation between sounds and letters.

Phonetics: Classification of speech sound , esp. with regard to the physical aspects of their production.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /s/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) s , ss Words sun , sit, cross Learning Standard 2.1.2 (a) and (e)-Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // Grapheme (Letter(s)) a Words apple, cat, pat Learning Standard 2.1.2 (a) -Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /t/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) t Words cat, tap , pot Learning Standard 2.1.2 (a)-Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /p/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) p Words pull, pet, top Learning Standard 2.1.2 (a) -Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) / / Grapheme (Letter(s)) i Words sin, pin , sit Learning Standard 2.1.2 (b) -Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /n/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) n Words noise, nine, nose Learning Standard 2.1.2 (b) -Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /m/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) m Words mouth, moon, met Learning Standard 2.1.2 (b) -Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /d/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) d Words door, duck, doll Learning Standard 2.1.2 (b) -Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /g/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) g Words goat, girl, tag Learning Standard 2.1.2 (c) -Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) / / Grapheme (Letter(s)) o Words clock, hot, top Learning Standard 2.1.2 (c) -Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /k/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) k , c , ck Words cup, kid, kick Learning Standard 2.1.2 (c) and (d)-Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /e/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) e Words pen, ten, bell Learning Standard 2.1.2 (d)-Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) / / Grapheme (Letter(s)) u Words cup, hut, bun Learning Standard 2.1.2 (d) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /r/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) r Words red, rose, run Learning Standard 2.1.2 (d) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /h/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) h Words hut, hot, hit Learning Standard 2.1.2 (e) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /b/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) b Words ball, book, tab Learning Standard 2.1.2 (e) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /f/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) f,ff Words five, fin, puff Learning Standard 2.1.2 (e) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /l/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) l,ll Words low, line, ball Learning Standard 2.1.2 (e) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /d/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) j Words jail, jam, jug Learning Standard 2.1.2 (f) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /v/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) v Words van, veil, vase Learning Standard 2.1.2 (f) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /w/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) w Words wall, wet, wheel Learning Standard 2.1.2 (f) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /ks/ /gz/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) x Words box, fox, exit, Learning Standard 2.1.2 (f) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /j/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) y Words yellow, you, Learning Standard 2.1.2 (g) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /z/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) z, zz Words zoo, zip, zebra Learning Standard 2.1.2 (g) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /kw/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) qu Words queen, quick, queue Learning Standard 2.1.2 (g) Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /t/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ch Words chip, cherry, cheek Learning Standard 2.1.2 (h) -Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // Grapheme (Letter(s)) sh Words ship, shoes, flash Learning Standard 2.1.2 (h)-Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // // Grapheme (Letter(s)) th Words thin, the, think Learning Standard 2.1.2 (h)-Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // Grapheme (Letter(s)) ng Words wing, thing, bring Learning Standard 2.1.2 (h)-Y1

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // Grapheme (Letter(s)) a Words ago Learning Standard 2.1.1

Cross your arms on your chest and lift your shoulders. Say er

Year 2

Words with long monophthong /a:/

ar
car

ea
heart

bark
card

Words with long monophthong /:/

ir
girl

ur
turn

er
her

skirt
sir

purse
hurt

herd
concern

Words with long monophthong /i:/

ee
sheep

ea
sea

e-e
these

bee
peel

meat
read

piece
niece

Words with long monophthong /u:/

ue
blue

oo
food

u-e
flute rude use

glue
true

boots
moon

Words with long monophthong /:/

or
fork

aw
draw

au
auto

horse
corn

prawn
paw

daughter
audit

Diphthongs
A sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another.
/e/ // // /e/ /a/ // /a/ //

Words with diphthong /e/

ai
brain faint day

ay
stay

chain

pail

pay

today

drain

tail

play

say

Words with diphthong //

oi
oil noise

oy
boy toy

coil

voice

joy

enjoy

soil

choice

Words with diphthong /a/

ie
pie lie tie

igh
high tight sigh t

i-e
hide tide line

Words with diphthong /a/

ou
house flour owl

ow
clown

mouse

shout

brown

town

loud

Words with diphthong //

oa
boat

ow
elbow

oe
goes

o-e
bone

float

pillow

toe

rope

foam

snow

mangoes

joke

Words with diphthong /e/

air
chair hair pair

Words with diphthong //

ure
sure

pure
cure

Words with diphthong //

ear
hear

dear
fear

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /e/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ai Words tail, paint Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a)

Hands on the waist and say ei as if in anger.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /i:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ee Words sheep Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a)

Show your teeth and say ee.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /a/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) igh Words high Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a)

Place palm on the chest and say l.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // Grapheme (Letter(s)) oa Words boat Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a)

Palms up, shake your body and say au.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) / / Grapheme (Letter(s)) oo Words cook Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a)

Place hands above head, tap once and say u.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /u:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) oo Words pool Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a)

Place hands above head, shake your head and say u.

BLENDING

tail

BLENDING

sheep

BLENDING

high

BLENDING

coat

BLENDING

book

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /a:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ar Words car Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b)

Open your mouth wide and say aa.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) or Words fork Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b)

Draw a big circle (anticlockwise in the air and say or.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ur Words burn Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b)

Put your finger on the temple and say er

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // Grapheme (Letter(s)) oa ow Words boat elbow Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a) 2.1.1 (b)

Palms up, shake your body and say au.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /I/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) oi Words coin Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b)

Hop like a kangaroo and say oi.

BLENDING

star

BLENDING

fork

BLENDING

church

BLENDING

elbow

BLENDING

coin

ai ee igh oa oo

ar or

ur ow oi

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // Grapheme (Letter(s)) ear Words hear Learning Standard 2.1.1 (c)

Fan your hand in front of your nose and say eear.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /e/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) air Words chair Learning Standard 2.1.1 (c)

Hold your jaw and say air.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // Grapheme (Letter(s)) ure Words sure Learning Standard 2.1.1 (c)

Form a u with both hands, spread them like a flower blooming and say uwer.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ur er Words burn herd Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b 2.1.1 (c)

Put your finger on the temple and say er

BLENDING

near

BLENDING

fair

BLENDING

sure

BLENDING

stern

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /e/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ai ay Words paint, tail pay Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a) 2.1.1 (d)

Hands on the waist and say ei as if in anger.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /a/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ow ou Words cow round Learning Standard 2.1.1 (d) 2.1.1 (d)

Pinch yourself and say aw.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /a/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) igh ie Words high tie Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a) 2.1.1 (d)

Place palm on the chest and say l.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /i:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ee ea Words sheep tea Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a) 2.1.1 (d)

Show your teeth and say ee.

BLENDING

may

BLENDING

house

BLENDING

pie

BLENDING

sea

ea air ure er

ay ou ie ea

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /I/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) oi oy Words coin boy Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b) 2.1.1 (e)

Hop like a kangaroo and say oi.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ur er ir Words burn certain sir Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b 2.1.1 (c) 2.1.1 (e)

Put your finger on the temple and say er

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) / / /u:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) oo ue Words pool blue Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a) 2.1.1 (e)

Place hands above head, shake your head and say u.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) or aw Words fork draw Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b) 2.1.1 (e)

Draw a big circle (anticlockwise in the air and say or.

BLENDING

toy

BLENDING

sir

BLENDING

blue

BLENDING

draw

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /w/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) wh Words wheel Learning Standard 2.1.1 (f)

Join two peace signs and say w.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /f/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ph Words photo Learning Standard 2.1.1 (f)

Action of bird flying and say f.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /ju:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ew Words few Learning Standard 2.1.1 (f)

Point to your friend and say you.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /a:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ar, ear Words car, heart, barn Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b) 2.1.1 (c)

Open your mouth wide and say aa.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) // Grapheme (Letter(s)) oa ow oe Words boat elbow toe Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a) 2.1.1 (b) 2.1.1 (f)

Palms up, shake your body and say au.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) or aw au Words fork draw auto Learning Standard 2.1.1 (b) 2.1.1 (e) 2.1.1 (f)

Draw a big circle (anticlockwise in the air and say or.

BLENDING

wheel

BLENDING

photo

BLENDING

new

BLENDING

toe

BLENDING

author

oy

ir

ue aw

wh ph ew oe au

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /e/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) a-e Words cake, gate Learning Standard 2.1.1 (g)

Hands on the waist and say ei as if in anger.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /i:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) ee ea e-e Words sheep tea piece Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a) 2.1.1 (d) 2.1.1 (g)

Show your teeth and say ee.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /a/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) igh ie i-e Words high tie ride, prize Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a) 2.1.1 (d) 2.1.1 (g)

Place palm on the chest and say l.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) Grapheme (Letter(s)) Words Learning Standard

//

oa
ow

boat
elbow

2.1.1 (a)
2.1.1 (b)

oe
o-e

toe
stone

2.1.1 (f)
2.1.1 (g)

Palms up, shake your body and say au.

44 Sounds
Phoneme (Sound) /u:/ Grapheme (Letter(s)) oo ue u-e Words pool blue rude Learning Standard 2.1.1 (a) 2.1.1 (e) 2.1.1 (g)

Place hands above head, shake your head and say u.

BLENDING

cake

BLENDING

cheese

BLENDING

prize

BLENDING

rope

BLENDING

cube

a-e e-e i-e

o-e u-e

SEGMENTING

Decodable Words :

Phonetically decodable words should be taught according to the principle of saying sounds in a word in the order in which they occur.

Not Decodable Words :

Some words are not decodable using the grapheme-phoneme correspondence. They are also called tricky words.

Tricky Words :

the to I no go into

you they all are my her he she

we me be was

Tricky Words :
said have like so do some come

were there little one when out what oh

their people Mr Mrs looked called asked could

Activity 1 (sound(s))
1.1 Leader holds up letter card (diphthong). 1.2 Group sound the letter. 2.1 Get a group to hold the card and sing : If you think you know this sound, shout it out! (eg: ai 2 x) If you think you know this sound, shout it out! If you think you know this sound, Then tell me what you've heard, If you think you know this sound, shout it out! (tune: if you happy and you know it) 2.2 The class will shout out the sound on the cards. Cards:

/a/ - ie, igh, i-e

/I/ - oi , oy

/I/ - ao, ow, oe

Activity 2 Diphthong (Blending)

1. In groups of 5, do the blending activity 2. Letter cards: Consonant cards
Eg:

Diphthong cards

oy

oy

toy

Activity 3 Diphthong (Segmenting) 1. In groups of 5, segment the words given 2. Word cards:

Eg:
boy toy joy

Activity 4 Classroom activity

1. In groups of 5, pick a diphthong from the standard document 2. Come up with an activity to teach the sound

Web site for the activity http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/englishA1d.htm