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Laws of Reflection
(i) i=r
(ii) AO, OP, and OB are co-planar
Spherical Mirror
1. Centre of curvature = Centre of the sphere of which the spherical mirror is a part
3. Focus = Where parallel rays (parallel to the principal axis) meet or appear to meet after reflection
Uses:
Rear-view mirror
Security mirror
Mirror formula
1 1 1 For concave, f = –ve
f v u convex, f = +ve
Refraction Laws
(i) AO, OB, and MON are co-planar Incident ray, refracted
ray, and normal to the
sin i interface at incident
(ii) = constant (Snell’s law) point are co-planar
sin r
In all medium
Laws
1. Centre of curvature = Centre of the sphere of which the lens surfaces is a part of (Same as Spherical
mirror)
2. Focus = Where parallel rays meet after refraction (On principal axis = principal focus)
Lens Formula
1 1 1
For concave lens f = –ve
f v u
convex lens f = +ve
Magnification
Im age height v
m (Same as mirror)
Object height u
Lens power
P Unit dipotre
1 f = –ve for concave
f in m