Because the Earth's magnetic field strength decreases with distance from the Earth as I/r3, residual spacecraft

magnetic biases eventually dominate the total magnetic field measurement, generally limiting the use of magnetometers to spacecraft below 1000 km; however, attitude magnetometers were flown successfully on RAE1 atanaltitudeof5875km. Disadvantageoftakingmagneticfieldasreferenceisitsmodellingaccuracy. MagneticBias(P251WERTZ): Sensitive to bias Sources of the bias include magnetic fields generated by spacecraft electronics and electromagnetic torquing coils, and residual magnetic fields caused by, for example, permanent magnets induced in ferromagneticspacecraftcomponents. VelocityAberration: An additional correction may be required for aberrationthe apparent shift in the position of a star caused by the motion of the spacecraft. The original observation of aberration by Astronomer Royal Bradley in 1728 was one of the first confirmations of Roemer's postulate that the speed of light was finite. For Earthorbiting spacecraft, the motion of the Earth around the Sun causes a maximum aberration of about 20 arcsec; the motion of the spacecraft about the Earth accounts for less than 5 arcsec of additional aberration. The aberration, , may be computedfromthespacecraftvelocityrelativetotheSun, ,by: s=vsint s=vsin == sin where c is the speed of light and 9 is the angular separation between and the star vector, . The star appears shiftedtoward inthe plane. c=3x105km/s=3x105m/s=3x1010cm/s Earthorbitradius149.6x106km=r = =0.00007272rad/s,r=29.8km/s =0.00009935rad=0.00539deg=0.34=20 R s Actual position Apparent position