FRIEDMAN TEST

Kirthiga Sekar (08AA19)

Nivetha Grace (08AA28)
Rasika K.R (08AA32)
Swappna Dhevi.S (08AA41)
Umamaheswaran .M (08AA43)
 Analysis of data
Phenomena
Draw of interest
inference

Inferential statistics Descriptive statistics

Parametric Non Parametric

NON PARAMETRIC ROADMAP
 Definition
► Itis a non-parametric test
(distribution-free) used to compare
observations repeated on the same
subjects.
► This is also called a non-parametric
randomized block analysis of variance.
 Friedman's Test

► Developed by US economist Milton

Friedman
► Similar to parametric repeated
measures, ANOVA
► Used to detect differences in
treatments across multiple test
attempts
 Friedman's Test
► Popular K-related sample test
► Similar to the Wilcoxon test, except
that you can use it with three or more
conditions.
► Each subject does all of the
experimental conditions
► With more than two related samples
on ordinal data
 WHEN TO PERFORM
► Subjects within a row must be
independent
► A dependent variable that is not
interval and normally distributed (but
at least ordinal)
 ASSUMPTION
► Unlike the parametric repeated measures ANOVA or
paired t-test, this non-parametric makes no
assumptions about the distribution of the data (e.g.,
normality).

► All observations are mutually independent

► The rows are mutually independent. That is, the

results in one block (row) do not affect the results
within other blocks.

► The data can be meaningfully ranked.

 How the Friedman test
works
► The test compares three or more
paired groups.
► The test first ranks the values in each
matched set (each row) from low to
high.
► Each row is ranked separately.
► It then sums the ranks in each group
(column).
 If the sums are very different, the P value
will be small.
 Hypothesis
► Ho = All the related variables have the
same mean
► HA = All the related variable do not
have the same mean
 CONDITIONS FOR
STATISTICAL PACKAGES
► The data need to be in a long format
► SPSS handles this need
► Other statistical packages require the
data to be reshaped before one can
conduct this test
 Example - 1
► Reactiontimes for eight subjects were
measured under placebo condition, a
drug X and a drug Y condition. It was
hypothesized that reaction times
would differ significantly across drug
conditions.
 To conduct a Friedman test
► Select the Analyse menu
► Click on Nonparametric tests and
then on K Related Samples to open
the Tests for Several Related
Samples box
► Select the variables you require and
then move the variables into the Test
Variable List: box
► Ensure the Friedman check box has
been selected.
5. Click on OK
► X2 = 12.25 , p =
0.002
► Significant
differences do exist
in reaction time
across drug
conditions.
► Drug Y appears to
slow reaction
considerably.
 EXAMPLE- 2
► To determine if there is a difference in
the reading, writing and math scores
► Null hypothesis: The distribution of the
ranks of each type of score (i.e.,
reading, writing and math) are the
same
 INTERPRETATION
► Friedman's chi-square value - 0.645
► p-value - 0.724
► Not statistically significant
► Hence, there is no evidence that the
distributions of the three types of
scores are different.
 APPLICATIONS
► Rank data separately for each block
(matching level)
► Find sum of ranks for each of the
comparison groups
► Use statistic – to know order of
importance
 ADVANTAGES
► Since the Friedman test ranks the
values in each row, it is not affected
by sources of variability that equally
affect all values in a row (since that
factor won't change the ranks within
the row).
► The test controls experimental
variability between subjects, thus
increasing the power of the test.
 DISADVANTAGES
► Since this test does not make a
distribution assumption, it is not as
powerful as the ANOVA.
 Try it out
Effects on worker mood of different types of
music:
► Five workers. Each is tested three times,
once under each of the following conditions:
 condition 1: silence.
 condition 2: "easy-listening” music.
 condition 3: marching-band music.
► DV: mood rating ("0" = unhappy, "100" =
euphoric).
► Ratings - so use a nonparametric test.