Radha Krsna Ganodesh Dipika (Hindi)

JhJhjkkk".kx.
kkss'k&nhfidk
JhJhxq#&xkSjkkS t;r%
JhJhy:i xksLokeh iz.khr
JhJhjkkk".kx.kks's k&nhfidk
JhxkSM+h; osnkUr lfefr ,oa rnUrxZr HkkjrO;kih JhxkSM+h; eBksads

izfr"Bkrk] Jh".kpSrU;kEuk; nkek/kLruoj
JhxkSM+h;kpk;Z dskjh fuR;yhykizfo"V
fo".kqikn v"Vkskjkr Jh
JhefizKku ds'ko xksLokeh egkjktds

vuqx`ghr
f=nf.MLokeh JhefosnkUr ukjk;.k xksLokeh egkjkt
}kjk vuqokfnr ,oa lEikfnr
xkSM+h; osnkUr izdk'ku
izdk'kd Jh'kkfUr nklh

izFke laLdj.k
izfr;k
JhJhy:i xksLokehdh frjksHkko frfFk
JhpSrU;kCn
vxLr]
izkfIrLFkku
Jhds'koth xkSM+h; eB
eFkqjk (miz)
&
Jhfxfj/kkjh xkSM+h; eB
nlfolk] jk/kkdq.M jksM
xkso/kZu (miz)
&
Jhje.kfcgkjh xkSM+h; eB
ch&] tudiqjh] ubZ fnYyh
&
Jh:i&lukru xkSM+h; eB
lsokdqt] oÙnkou (miz)
&
JhJhds'koth xkSM+h; eB
dksysjMkk ysu
uo}hi] unh;k (ica)
[k.Msyoky ,.M lal

vB[kEck cktkj] oÙnkou
&
leiZ.k
ije d#.kke; ,oa vgSrqdh ikyq
vLenh; Jhxq#ikni
fuR;yhyk izfo"V fo".kqikn
JhefizKku ds'ko xksLokeh egkjktdh
izsj.kkls
;g xzUFk izdkf'kr gqvk gSA
Jhxq#iknidh viuh gh oLrq mUghads
Jhdjdeyksaesa leir gSA
fo"k;&lwph
Hkwfedk ----------------------------------------------- dp
c`gn~Hkkx ----------------------------------------------
eykpj.ke~ (eykpj.k) ------------------------------------
xzUFkkjEHk% (xzUFkdh izLrkouk) ---------------------------------
Jh".kL; ifjokjk% (Jh".kdk ifjokj) -------------------
()
(d)
([k)
(x)
()
()
i'kqikyk% (i'kqvksadk ikyu djusokys) -----------------------

oS';k% (oS';) ---------------------------------------------------
vkHkhjk% (vghj) -------------------------------------------------
xqtZjk% (xwtj) ----------------------------------------------------
foizk% (foiz) ------------------------------------------------------
cfg"Bk% (f'kYidkj) ---------------------------------------------
mijks ifjokjdk iqu% vkB Hkkxksaesa foHkktu ---------------------------
iwT;k% (Jh".kds iwT;) ---------------------------------------

eghlqjk% (czk.k) -----------------------------------------------------
;wFk% --------------------------------------------------------------
o;L;kuka dqye~ (lf[k;ksads dqydk o.kZu) --------------
dqyds izFke izdkj lektdk o.kZu ----------------------------
(d) ofj"B% ----------------------------------------------------------
v"V l[;% -----------------------------------------------------------
() yfyrknsoh -------------------------------------------------------
() fo'kk[kk ----------------------------------------------------------
() pEidyrk-------------------------------------------------------
() fp=k (lqfp=k) --------------------------------------------------
() rqfo|k ---------------------------------------------------------
() bUnqys[kk ---------------------------------------------------------
ii
JhJhjkkk".kx.kkss'k&nhfidk
() jnsoh -----------------------------------------------------------
() lqnsoh -------------------------------------------------------------
([k) oj% --------------------------------------------------------------
() dykorh ---------------------------------------------------------
() 'kqHkknk ----------------------------------------------------------
() fgj.;kh --------------------------------------------------------
() jRuys[kk ---------------------------------------------------------
() f'k[kkorh ---------------------------------------------------------
() dUniZetjh -----------------------------------------------------
() QqYydfydk ----------------------------------------------------
() vuetjh -----------------------------------------------------
o;L;kuka lkekU;dekZf.k fy[;Urs (o;L;kvksadh lkekU;
f;kvksadk o.kZu) ----------------------------------------------------
v"V l[kh pfjre~ (lf[k;ksads pfj=dk o.kZu) ------------------
() yfyrk -----------------------------------------------------------
iq"is"kq e.Mue~ (Jhyfyrkdh lsokds vUrxZr iq"iksals cus
vkHkw"k.kksadk o.kZu) ----------------------------------------------------
() fdjhVe~ (eqdV
q ) -----------------------------------------------
() ckyik';k (ckyksadh pksVhesa kkj.kdh tkusokyh
Qwyksadh yM+h) ---------------------------------------------------------
() d.kZiwj% (d.kZ&Hkw"k.k) -----------------------------------------
(d) rkVe~ ---------------------------------------------------------------([k) dq.Mye~ -------------------------------------------------------------(x) iq"ih -------------------------------------------------------------------(?k) d.kdk ---------------------------------------------------------------() d.kZos"Vue~ ------------------------------------------------------------
() yykfVdk (lhekUr ns'k vFkkZr~ ekxls gksrs gq,

eLrdij yVdusokyk vkHkw"k.k) -----------------------------------
() xzSos;de~ (d.BHkw"k.k) -----------------------------------------
() vne~ (dksguhds ij Hkqtkesa igus tkusokyk
cktqcUnuked vkHkw"k.k) ----------------------------------------------
fo"k;&lwph
() dkph (dfVHkw"k.k) --------------------------------------------
() dVd% (uwijq o ik;y) ------------------------------------
() ef.kcUkuh (gkFkdk daxu) -----------------------------------
() gald% (pj.kksadk vkHkw"k.k) ---------------------------------
() dpqyh (dkpksyh o pksyh) ------------------------------
() N=e~ (N=) --------------------------------------------------
() 'k;ue~ ('k;k) -----------------------------------------------
() mYyksp% (frjiky) ------------------------------------------
() pUkri% (pknks;k) -------------------------------------------
() os'e (x`g) ---------------------------------------------------
() fo'kk[kk ----------------------------------------------------------
() pEidyrk-------------------------------------------------------
() fp=k--------------------------------------------------------------
() rqfo|k ---------------------------------------------------------
() bUnqys[kk ---------------------------------------------------------
() jnsoh -----------------------------------------------------------
() lqnsoh -------------------------------------------------------------
l[khuka fofHkkHkkok% (lf[k;ksads fofHkk Hkko) ---------------------
fi.Mdk -----------------------------------------------------------------
forf.Mdk --------------------------------------------------------------
iq.Mjhdk ---------------------------------------------------------------
flrk[k.Mh --------------------------------------------------------------
pk#p.Mh ---------------------------------------------------------------
lqnf.Mdk ---------------------------------------------------------------
vdqf.Brk --------------------------------------------------------------
dykd.Bh --------------------------------------------------------------
jkeph -------------------------------------------------------------------
espdk ------------------------------------------------------------------
nwR;% (nwrh vFkkZr~ laokn igqpkusokyh) -------------------

vFk foxzg nwR;% (Jhjkkk".kesa izse&dyg
djkusokyh nwfr;k) ----------------------------------------------------
iii
iv
isVjh -------------------------------------------------------------------ok#fM+ ------------------------------------------------------------------pkjh --------------------------------------------------------------------dksVjh -----------------------------------------------------------------dfyfVIi.kh -----------------------------------------------------------e#.Mk -----------------------------------------------------------------eksjVk ------------------------------------------------------------------pwM+k --------------------------------------------------------------------pq.Mjh -----------------------------------------------------------------xksf.Mdk ---------------------------------------------------------------lfUknwR;% (feyu djkusokyh nwfr;k) ----------------------------f}rh;e.Mye~ (dqyds vUrxZr vkusokyh lf[k;ksads
f}rh; izdkj e.Mydk o.kZu) ------------------------------------() yfyrk;k% l[;% ----------------------------------------------() fo'kk[kk;k% l[;% ---------------------------------------------() pEidyrk;k% l[;% -----------------------------------------() fp=k;k% l[;% ------------------------------------------------() rqfo|k;k% l[;% --------------------------------------------() bUnqys[kk;k% l[;% --------------------------------------------() jnsO;k l[;% ------------------------------------------------() lqnsO;k l[;% --------------------------------------------------Jhjkkk;k v"Vl[;% (lEeksgurU=ds erkuqlkj Jhjkkkdh
v"V lf[k;ksads uke) -----------------------------------------------vU;k'pk"VkS (mlh lEeksgurU=ds fdlh vU; LFkkuij
o.kr v"V lf[k;ksads uke) ---------------------------------------jRuHkok% ----------------------------------------------------------------
y?kq Hkkx------------------------------------------
Jh".kL; :ikfnde~ (Jh".kds :i] xq.k vkSj
ekkq;Z vkfndk o.kZu) ----------------------------------------
o;L;k% (Jh".kds l[kk) -----------------------------------
fo"k;&lwph
o;L;Hksnk% (l[kkvksads izdkj) ------------------------------

lqr~ (lqr l[kk) ---------------------------------------------------
lqHk% -------------------------------------------------------------------
l[kk;% (l[kkvksadk o.kZu) ------------------------------------------
fiz;l[kk% (fiz; l[kkvksadk o.kZu) ---------------------------------
Jhnkek (Jhnkedk o.kZu) --------------------------------------------
lqnkek -------------------------------------------------------------------
fiz;ueZl[kk% (fiz;ueZ l[kkvksadk o.kZu) --------------------------
lqcy% ------------------------------------------------------------------
vtquZ % ------------------------------------------------------------------
xUkoZ% ------------------------------------------------------------------
olUr% ------------------------------------------------------------------
mTToy%----------------------------------------------------------------
dksfdy% ----------------------------------------------------------------
luUnu% -----------------------------------------------------------------
fonXk% -----------------------------------------------------------------
Jhekqey% -----------------------------------------------------------
Jhcyjke% --------------------------------------------------------------
lsodk% -----------------------------------------------------------
foVk% (foV uked lsod) ----------------------------------------psVk% (psV uked lsod) -----------------------------------------rkEcwfydk% (rkEcwy izLrqr djusokys lsod) ------------------tylsodk% (tydh O;oLFkk djusokys lsod) ----------------oL=lsodk% (oL=ksadh kqykbZ djusokys lsod) -----------------os'kdkfj.k% (k`kj djusokys lsod) ----------------------------xkfUkdk% (lqxfUkr O; izLrqr djusokys lsod) ------------ukfirk% (ukbZdk dk;Z djusokys lsod)-------------------------vijk% (vU;kU; dk;ksesa fu;q lsod)--------------------------
ifjpkfjdk% (nkfl;k) ------------------------------------------

psV% (vusdkusd lsokvksaesa fu;q nkfl;k) ---------------------
vi
pjk% (xqIrpj) --------------------------------------------------------

nwrk% (nwr) ------------------------------------------------------------
Jh".kL; nwrhizdj.ke~ (Jh".kdh nwfr;ksadk fooj.k)

ikS.kZeklh ----------------------------------------------------------------
ohjk ---------------------------------------------------------------------
oÙnk;k fo'ks"k% --------------------------------------------------------
ukUnheq[kh ---------------------------------------------------------------
lkkkj.kHk`R;k% (lkkkj.k Hk`R;ksadk o.kZu) ---------------------------
LFkkufooj.ke~ (yhyk&LFkfy;ksadk fooj.k) -------------------------
Jh".kL; O;ogk;ZO;kf.k (Jh".k }kjk O;ogkj fd;s
tkusokys O;ksadk o.kZu) ---------------------------------------------
Hkw"k.kkfu (Jh".kds vkHkw"k.kksadk o.kZu) ---------------------------
Jh".kL; izs;L;% (Jh".kdh izs;fl;k) ------------------

Jhjkkk (Jherh jkkkjkuhds :i yko.;dk o.kZu) --------------
djfpkfu (Jhjkkkdh gFksfy;ksaij vfr fpksadk o.kZu) ------
pj.kfpkfu (Jhjkkkds pj.kfp) ----------------------------------
fiz;l[;% (Jhjkkkdh fiz;lf[k;k) --------------------------------
thforl[;% (thfor lf[k;k vFkkZr~ izk.k lf[k;k) -----------
fuR;l[;% (fuR; lf[k;k) ----------------------------------------
Jhjkkk;k et;Z% (Jherh jkfkdkdh etfj;k) ---------------
Jhjkkk;k mikL;% (Jhjkkkds mikL;) --------------------

l[;kfnfo'ks"kk% (lf[k;ksadk fo'ks"k fooj.k) ----------------------
JhjkkkHk`R;k% (Jhjkkkdh fdfj;k) -------------------------------
Hkw"k.kkfu (Jhjkkkds Hkw"k.k) -----------------------------------------
ik=&lwph ----------------------------------------
Hkwfedk
vkt eq>s Jh'kphuUnu xkSjgfjds fuR; ifjdj 'kqHkfjl&jfld
dqypwM+kef.k Jh:i xksLokeh }kjk iz.khr ^JhJhjkkk".kx.kks's k&nhfidk*
uked xzUFkdk fgUnh&laLdj.k Jkyq ikBdksads le{k izLrqr djrs
gq, vikj vkuUndh vuqHkwfr gks jgh gSA muds }kjk jfpr ;g
vuqie xzUFk jkxkuqxh; oztHkkoe;h miklukdk izkku v gSA
bldh Hkk"kk xEHkhj] fdUrq lgt ckskxE; gSA
JhpSrU; euksHkh"V laLFkkid Jhy :i xksLokehus vius ije
ekqj LoHkkoo'kr% bl xzUFkds c`gn~ Hkkxesa okRlY; vkSj ekqj
jlds ifjdjksa rFkk y?kq Hkkxesa l[; vkSj nkL; jlds ifjdjksads
uke] :i] xq.k vkSj lsok&ifjikVhdk laf{kIr] fdUrq eked o.kZu
izLrqr fd;k gSA xzUFkesa dgha&dgha] fo'ks"k djds y?kq Hkkxesa
JhJhjkkkxksfoUnds :i] v&izR;] muds k`kj rFkk muds }kjk
O;or vqr oLrqvksadk cgqr ckjhdhls o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
Jh".k ,oa muds ifjdjksadk ;s lc ifjp; ,d lkFk fdlh Hkh
nwljs xzUFkesa miyCk ugha gSA JhJhjkkk".kds x.kksa vFkkZr~
ifjdjksadk laf{kIr :ils fun'kZu djkusokyk gksusds dkj.k bldk
uke JhJhjkkk".kx.kkss'k&nhfidk gSA
oztds 'kq jfld Hkksads eq[kls Hkxoku~dh vizkr yhyk
dFkkvksadk Jo.k djds ftu lkSHkkX;'kkyh thoksads n;esa oztokfl;ksa
tSls Hkkoksa }kjk Jh".kdh lsok&lqJq"kk djusdk yksHk tkx`r gksrk
gS] os jkxkuqxk Hkfds vfkdkjh gSaA
Jh".kds fuR; fl ifjdjksadk ".kds izfr dSlk ekqj Hkko
gS] D;k eq>s Hkh oSlk gh Hkko izkIr gks ldrk gS] dSls og Hkko
izkIr gks] blds fy, n;esa NViVkgV gksrh gS,slh NViVkgV ;k
rhoz ykylk gh m yksHkdk y{k.k gSA
[k
tc lkkdds thouesa ,slh voLFkk vkrh gS] rc og egktuksa

}kjk fn[kk;s x;s ekxZdk vuqlj.k djrs gq, lkkd nsgls ckgjesa
Jh:i&lukru vkfn oztokfl;ksd
a s vkuqxR;esa muds tSls Jo.k&dhkZu&
la[;kiwoZd uke&xku vkfn dkf;d lsok rFkk flnsgls Jhyfyrk]
Jhfo'kk[kk vkSj Jh:i etjh vkfnds vkuqxR;esa ekulh lsok
djrk gSA
ml vizkr fpUe; ekulh lsokdk vuq'khyu djusds fy,
JhJhjkkk".kds ftu fuR; ifjdjksadk ifjp; rFkk mudh izsee;h
lsokdh iz.kkyhdks tkuusdh vko';drk gksrh gS] mlhdk gh bl
xzUFkesa o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA izl o'kr% ;g dguk vfr'k;ksf
ugha gksxk fd fln'kkesa miklukdh ifjiw.kZrkds fy, ;gh xzUFk gh
,dek= iFk izn'kZd gSA
Jhy :i xksLokehdk laf{kIr thou&pfj=

Jhy :i xksLokeh JhxkSjkyhykds "kM~xksLokfe;ksaesals vU;re
rFkk oztyhykesa Jh:ietjh gSaA buds iwoZt d.kkZVd ns'kesa okl
djrs FksA ogk fdlh dkj.kls buds iwoZtksaesals dksbZ ,d vius
ns'kdks NksM+dj ckyesa vkdj cl x;s FksA Jhy :i xksLokeh
bUghads oa'kesa izknqHkwZr gq,A Hkkj}kt xks=h; ;tqosZnh; czk.k dqyesa
Jhy:i xksLokehdk vkfoHkkZo yxHkx 'kdkCn (vFkkZr~
bZLoh) esa ckyds eksjxzke ekkkbZiqj uked xzkeesa gqvk FkkA
buds firkdk uke dqekjnso FkkA ;s rhu HkkbZ FksA cM+s HkkbZ lukru
xksLokeh Fks] NksVs HkkbZdk uke vuqie ;k oYyHk Fkk] ftuds iq=
Jhtho xksLokeh FksA cpiuls gh bu rhuksa Hkkb;ksd
a h HkxoPpj.kkjfoUnesa
vR;Ur vuqjf FkhA
fo|k;;u lekIr djusds ckn ;qokoLFkkesa cky (xkSM+ns'k)
ds ckn'kkg gqlSu 'kkgus budh rh{.k eskk] mnkjrk vkSj vU;kU;
leLr xq.kksals izHkkfor gksdj Jhlukru xksLokehdks viuk izkkueU=h
vkSj bUgsa mi&izkkueU=h (fof'k"V deZpkjh) ds inij fu;q
Hkwfedk
fd;kA bZLohesa tc JhpSrU;egkizHkqus izFke ckj ozt;k=k

dh] ml le; muls budh jkedsfy xkoesa HksaV gqbZA Jheu~
egkizHkqth rks ml ckj oghals gh ykSVdj txkkFkiqjh pys x;sA
ijUrq muds lRlds ckn Jh:i xksLokehdks ".kizkfIrdh
mRd.Bk bruh vfkd lrkus yxh fd jktdk;Z bR;kfn lHkh dqN
NwV x;kA f}rh; ckj JhpSrU; egkizHkq JhoÙnkou ikkjsA tc os
oÙnkoudk n'kZudj ykSV jgs Fks] rc ml le; iz;kxesa Jh:i
xksLokehdh egkizHkqthls HksaV gqbZA egkizHkqus vius fiz; :ids
n;esa 'kf lpkjdj ml le; mUgsa Hkfjlrodk viwoZ
foospu Jo.k djk;k FkkA JhpSrU;&pfjrke`r xzUFkesa bldk o.kZu
fd;k x;k gSA
izHkq dgs]'kqu] :i] ^Hkfjlsj y{k.k*A
lw=:is dfg foLrkj uk tk, o.kZu
ikjkokj&'kwU;
xHkhj
Hkfjl&flUkqA
rksek; p[kkbrs rkj dfg ,d ^fcUnq*
(pSpe
@&)
vFkkZr~ Jheu~ egkizHkqthus dgkgs fiz; :i! eSa rqEgsa

Hkfjldk y{k.k lw= :iesa cryk jgk gw] D;ksafd foLrkj :ils
bldk o.kZu djuk vlEHko gSA ikjkokj vFkkZr~ ;g Hkfjlke`rflUkq
vkj&ikj'kwU; xHkhj gSA mlesals eSa rqEgsa ,d fcUnq iznku dj jgk
gwA bl izdkj nl fnuksa rd iz;kxesa jgdj mUgksaus Hkfjlrodk
viwoZ foospu fd;kA Jhy :i xksLokehus vius Hkfjlke`rflUkq]
mTToyuhyef.k] yfyrekko] fonXkekko vkfn xzUFkksaesa bldk
foospu fd;k gSA
JhpSrU; egkizHkqds izfr foy{k.k vuqjkxds dkj.k Jhy:i
xksLokehdk LokHkkfod x`gR;kx] nSU;] fo"k;ksads izfr oSjkX; bR;kfn
loZ= gh izfl gSA JhpSrU;pfjrke`r] Hkeky vkfn xzUFkksaesa
lfoLrkj buds O;fRo ,oa frRo thouhdk o.kZu gSA Jhy
ujkske Bkdqj egk'k;us ;FkkFkZr% bUgsa ^JhpSrU;euksHkh"V&laLFkkid* dh
?k
mikfk nh gSA Jhozte.Myds yqIr rhFkksdk mkj vkSj Hkf'kkL=ksadk

izpkjnks dk;ksds fy, JhpSrU; egkizHkqus budks fo'ks"k vkns'k
fn;k FkkA xkSM+ns'kesa jgrs le; gh bUgksaus fonXkekko vkSj
yfyrekko ukVdds lw=ksadks fy[kuk vkjEHk dj fn;k FkkA
oztyhyk vkSj iqjyhykdks ,d gh ukVd xzUFkesa jpukdj
oztfojgdks iz'keu djusdh bPNk jgusij Hkh mM+hlkds lR;Hkkekiqjesa
JhlR;Hkkeknsohdh vkKk ,oa uhykpyesa egkizHkqds lk{kkr~ mins'kls
i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ :iesa ukVd xzUFkksadh jpuk dhA Hkxks"Bhesa JhpSrU;
egkizHkq budh jpukvksadks lqudj fdrus vkufUnr gq,] ,dek=
jfldtuksads fy, gh og laos| gSA Jh:iesa loZ'kfdk lpkjdj
izHkqus bUgsa vkpk;Zin iznkudj oÙnkouesa Hkstk vkSj vius
euksHkh"Vdks iw.kZ fd;kA blfy, Jhy ujkske Bkdqj egk'k;us
fy[kk gS
JhpSrU; euksHkh"Va LFkkfira ;su HkwrysA
Lo;a :i% dnk ea nnkfr LoinkfUrde~
Jh:ixksLokeh }kjk jfpr xzUFkkoyh bl izdkjlsHkfjlke`rflUkq]
mTTyuhyef.k] y?kqHkkxorke`re~] fonXkekko] yfyrekko] fudqt&
jgL;Lro] Lroekyk] eFkqjkekgkRE;] i|koyh] molUns'k] galnwr]
nkudsfydkSenq h] ".ktUefrfFk fofk] iz;
q k[;kr~ etjh] ukVdpfUdk
bR;kfnA
izLrqr xzUFkdk oS".ko rks"k.kh Vhdkesa o.kZu

Jhekxords n'ke LdUkdh oS".koh rks"k.kh uked Vhdkds
vUresa Jhy:i xksLokeh }kjk jfpr xzUFkksadk bl izdkj o.kZu vkrk
gS
r;ksjuqtl`"Vs"kq
dkO;a
JhgalnwrdaA
c`gn~ y?kqr;k [;krk Jhx.kkss'knhfidk
Hkwfedk
vFkkZr~ Jhlukru xksLokehds vuqt Jhy:i xksLokehus Jhgalnwr

uked dkO; rFkk c`gn~ vkSj y?kqds ukels fo[;kr Jhjkkk".kxksn's k&
nhfidkdh jpukdh gSA
Hkf jRukdj xzUFkdh ipe rjesa Hkh JhJhjkkk".kx.kkss'k&
nhfidkds fo"k;esa blh izdkjdk o.kZu vkrk gSA
Jhy:i xksLokehdk ;g ewy xzUFk laLr Hkk"kkesa gSA ;|fi
blds cgqr&ls laLdj.k caxyk Hkk"kkesa vuqokn lfgr izdkf'kr gq,
gSa] rFkkfi izk;% lHkhesa ikBkUrj] e foi;Z;] vfkd ikB] de
ikB vkfn fn[kk;h nsrk gSA geus la'kksku djds ;Fkk lEHko bu
lcdks lqO;ofLFkr ,oa inVhdk vkfn }kjk lqlfTtr djusdk
Hkjld iz;kl fd;k gSA vk'kk djrk gw fd blds }kjk Jhy :i
xksLokeh ,oa :ikuqxk xq#oxZ izlk gksaxs rFkk gekjs izfr ik&vk'khokZn
djsaxsA blls ikBdksadks Hkh xzUFkdk vuq'khyu djusesa lqfokk gksxhA
bl xzUFkds izwQ la'kkskuds fy, Jheku~ HkfosnkUr ekko
egkjkt] Jheku~ fot; ".k czpkjh vkSj csVh ekq [k.Msyoky
(,e,] ih,pMh)] dEikstx rFkk ys&vkmVds fy, csVh 'kkfUr
nklhdh lsok&izps"Vk vR;Ur ljkguh; vkSj fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; gSA
eq[ki`"Bdk fMtkbu Jheku~ ".kdk#.; czpkjh rFkk Jheku~ olUr
czpkjhus fd;k gSA
JhJhxq#&xkSjk xkUkodk&fxfjkkjh buij izpqj ik'khokZn
o"kZ.k djsamuds Jhpj.kksaesa ;gh izkFkZuk gSA eq>s iw.kZ fo'okl gS
fd Hkf&fiiklq] jfld vkSj Hkkoqd rFkk ozt&jlds izfr yqCk
jkxkuqxk Hkfds lkkdksaesa bl xzUFkdk leknj gksxkA Jkyqtu bl
xzUFkdk ikBdj JhpSrU; egkizHkqds izse&keZesa izos'k izkIr dj
ldsaxsA
vUresa Hkxor~&d#.kkds ?ku&foxzg ije vkjk;re Jhy
xq#ikni esjs izfr izpqj ik o"kZ.k djsa] ftlls mudh euksHkh"V
lsokesa vfkdkfkd vfkdkj izkIr dj ldw;gh muds izse
iznkudkjh Jhpj.kksaesa ldkrj izkFkZuk gSA
'kh?kzrko'k izdk'ku gsrq bl xzUFkeas dqN =qfV;ksadk jg tkuk

LokHkkfod gSA Jkyq ikBdx.k mls la'kksku djds ikB djsaxs vkSj
gesa lwfpr djsaxs] ftlls fd vxys laLdj.kesa ge mu =qfV;ksadk
la'kksku dj ldsaA
Jhdkfedk ,dkn'kh frfFk

JhpSrU;kCn
vxLr] bZ
Jhgfj&xq#&oS".ko&ikys'k&izkFkhZ
nhu&ghu
f=nf.MfHk{kq JhHkfosnkUr ukjk;.k
JhJhjkkkukFkks t;fr
(c`gn~Hkkx)
eykpj.ke~
(eykpj.k)
oUns xq#in}U}a HkoÙn&lefUoraA
JhpSrU;izHkqa oUns fuR;kuUn&lgksfnre~
HkkokuqokneSa loZizFke Jhxq#ikni lfgr leLr Hkksa vkSj
JhfuR;kuUn izHkqds lkFk vorfjr JhpSrU; egkizHkqdh oUnuk djrk
gw

JhuUnuUnua oUns jkfkdk&pj.k};e~A
xksihtu&lek;qa oÙnkou&euksgje~
HkkokuqokneSa xksfi;ksads }kjk ifjosf"Vr (pkjksa vksjls f?kjs gq,)
mu JhuUnuUnu vkSj Jherh jkfkdkds Jhpj.kdeyksadh oUnuk
djrk gw ] tks lHkh oÙnkouokfl;ksads eudks gj.k dj ysrs gSa
xzUFkkjEHk%
(xzUFkdh izLrkouk)
;s lwf=rk% lrk jR;k izflk% 'kkL=&yksd;ks%A
O;kf;Urs ijhokjkLrs oÙnkou&ukFk;ks%
eFkqjke.Mys yksds xzUFks"kq fofoks"kq pA
iqjk.ks pkxeknkS p rs"kq p lkkq"kq
rs
leklkf}fy[;Urs
LolqRifjrq"V;sA
vkuqiwohZfokkusu
jfrizfFkr&oReZu%
HkkokuqokneFkqjk e.Myesa] yksd izoknesa] iqjk.k vkSj vkxe
vkfn tSls fofok xzUFkksaesa] Hkksads }kjk lax`ghr rFkk lkkqvksaesa
izpfyr oÙnkouukFk Jh".k vkSj oÙnkous'ojh Jherh jkkkds
ifjdjksads fo"k;esa tks lc tkudkjh izkIr gqbZ gS] mlh izfl
tkudkjhds vkkkjij eSa (Jh:i xksLokeh) vius lqr (Jhlukru
xksLokeh) dh lUrqf"Vds fy, fuR; fl oztokfl;ksadk lkewfgd
:ils jkxekxZds vuqdwy ;Fkke la{ksiesa o.kZu dj jgk gwA blls
lHkhdks JhJhjkkk".k vkSj muds ifjdjksaesa fo'ks"k vuqjkx mRik
gks&
Jh".kL; ifjokjk%
(Jh".kdk ifjokj)
rs ".kL; ijhokjk ;s tuk oztokflu%A
i'kqikykLrFkk foizk cfg"Bk'psfr rs f=kk
Hkkokuqoknoztoklhtu gh Jh".kdk ifjokj gSA mudk ;g
ifjokj i'kqiky] foiz vkSj cfg"B (f'kYidkj) :ils rhu izdkjdk
gS
() i'kqikyk%
(i'kqvksadk ikyu djusokys)
i'kqikykfL=kk oS';k
xksi&cYyo&i;kZ;k
vkHkhjk xqtZjkLrFkkA
;nqoa'k&leqok%
Hkkokuqokni'kqiky Hkh iqu% oS';] vkHkhj (vghj) vkSj

xqtZj (xwtj) Hksnls rhu izdkjds gSaA budh mRifk ;nqoa'kls gqbZ
gS rFkk ;s lHkh xksi vkSj cYyo tSls lekukFkZd ukeksals tkus
tkrs gSa
(d) oS';k%
(oS';)
izk;ks xkso`k;ks eq[;k oS';k bfr lehfjrk%A

vU;suqyksetk% dsfpnkHkhjk bfr foJqrk%
HkkokuqoknoS'; izk;% xksikyuds }kjk thou fuokZg djrs gSa
vkSj vkHkhj rFkk xqtZjls Js"B ekus tkrs gSaA vuqykse tkr (mPp
o.kZds firk vkSj fuEu o.kZdh ekrkls mRik) oS';ksadks vkHkhj
ukels Hkh tkuk tkrk gS
([k) vkHkhjk%
(vghj)
vkpkjkksu rRlkE;knkHkhjk'p Le`rk besA

vkHkhjk% 'kwtkrh;k xksefg"kkfn&o`k;%A
?kks"kkfn'kCn&i;kZ;k% iwoZrks U;wurka xrk%
Hkkokuqoknvkpj.kesa vkHkhj Hkh oS';ksads leku tkus tkrs gSaA
;s 'kwtkrh; gSa rFkk xk; vkSj HkSal vkfnds ikyu }kjk viuk
thou&fuokZg djrs gSaA bUgsa ?kks"k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;s iwoZdfFkr
oS';ksals dqN ghu ekus tkrs gSa
(x) xqtZjk%
(xwtj)
fdfpnkHkhjrks U;wuk'Nkxkfn& i'kqo`k;%A

xks"BizkUrrkoklk% iq"Vkaxk xqtZjk% Le`rk%
Hkkokuqoknvghjksals dqN ghu] cdjh vkfn i'kqvksadk ikyu
djusokys rFkk xks"B (uUnozt) dh lhekij okl djusokys xksi
xqtZj dgykrs gSaA ;s izk;% "V&iq"V vksaokys gksrs gaS
() foizk%
(foiz)
loZosnfonks
foizk%
;ktuk|fkdkfj.k%
Hkkokuqoknfoiz (czk.k) leLr osnksadks tkurs gSa rFkk ;tu

(;K djus)] ;ktu (;K djkus)] v;;u] v;kiu] nku (nsus)
vkSj izfrxzg (nku ysus) uked Ng dk;ksesa O;Lr jgrs gSa
() cfg"Bk%
(f'kYidkj)
cfg"Bk% dkjo% izksk% ukukf'kYiksithfou%

Hkkokuqoknvusd izdkjds f'kYidk;ks }kjk thou fuokZg
djusokys f'kYidkjksadks cfg"B dgrs gSa
mijks ifjokjdk iqu% vkB Hkkxksaesa foHkktu

,fHk%
ipfokSjso
ijhokjk
gjsfjgA
iwT;k Hkzkr`HkfxU;k|k nwR;ks nklk'p f'kfYiu%A
nkfldk'p o;L;k'p izs;L;'psfr rs"Vkk
HkkokuqoknJh".kds ;s ikp (oS';] vkHkhj vkSj xqtZj uked
rhu i'kqiky rFkk foiz ,oa cfg"B) ifjokj iqu% vkB Hkkxksaesa
foHkkftr gSA ;FkkiwT;] HkkbZ&cgu vkfn] nwrhoxZ] nkl] f'kYih]
nkfl;k] o;L; vkSj izs;lh
iwT;k%
(Jh".kds iwT;)
ekU;k Hkzk=kn;LrL; o;L;k% lsodkn;%A
Jhxks"B;qojktL; izs;L;'p iqj ekr~
iwT;k% firkegk|k'p rFkk Ks;k eghlqjk%A(d)
HkkokuqoknJhoztjkt uUnds HkzkròxZ] leo;L; (leku vk;qokys
fe=)] lsod vkfn vkSj izs;lh ;'kksnk rFkk oztdh vU;kU; o`k
xksfi;k xks"B;qojkt Jh".kds iwtuh; gSaA
firkeg (nknk)] ekrkeg (ukuk) vkSj czk.k vkfn Hkh
Jh".kds iwTkuh; gSa&(d)
firkegks
gjsxkSZj%
flrds'k%
flrkEcj%([k)
eyke`ritZU;% itZU;ks uke cYyo%A

ofj"Bks oztxks"Bhuka l ".kL; firkeg%
HkkokuqokneyLo:i ve`rdh o"kkZ djusokys gksusds dkj.k
Jh".kds firkegdk uke itZU; (es?k) gSA budh vdkfUr rIr
dkpuds leku gS vkSj ds'k rFkk oL= nksuksa gh lQsn jds gSaA
firkeg JhitZU; oztesa lHkhds iwT; gSa([k)&
;%
lqj"ksZuns'ksu
y{ehHkkqZ:ikluke~A
iqjk uUnh'ojs ps Js"BlUrfrdk~{k;kA
okxewkkZ rrs O;ksfEu izknqjklhr~ fiz;jh
HkkokuqokniwoZdkyesa JhitZU;us uUnh'oj izns'kesa mke lUrku
izkfIrdh dkeukls nso"k ukjnds mins'kkuqlkj y{ehifr Jhukjk;.kdh
mikluk dh FkhA cgqr vfkd le; rd riL;k djusds ckn
itZU; egkjktus lqfoLr`r uHke.Myls vR;fkd fiz; yxusokyh
vkdk'kok.khdks lquk] tks dg jgh Fkh fd
rilkusu kU;su Hkkfou% ip rs lqrk%A
ojh;ku~ e;eLrs"kka uUnukEuk Hkfo";fr
uUnuLrL;
fot;h
Hkfork
oztuUnu%A
lqjklqjf'k[kkjRu&uhjkftrinkEcqt%
Hkkokuqokngs itZU;! rqEgkjh bl kU;e;h riL;kds QyLo:i

rqEgkjs ikp iq= mRik gksaxsA muesals e>yk iq= loZJs"B rFkk uUn
ukels fo[;kr gksxkA ml uUndk uUnu (iq=) Hkqou fot;h vkSj
oztdks vkuUn iznku djusokyk gksxkA ^D;k lqj] D;k vlqj* lHkh
vius&vius eLrdds jRulewg }kjk mlds Jhpj.kdeyksadh vkjrh
mrkjsaxs&
rq"VLr= olk= isz{; dsf'kuekxraA
ijhokjS% lea loSZ;Z;kS Hkhrks c`g}ua
HkkokuqoknJhitZU;us dqN le; rd izlkfpk gksdj JhuUnh'oj

izns'kesa okl fd;k] fdUrq tc bUgsa ds'kh uked vlqjds vkxeudk
irk pyk] rc ;s Hk;Hkhr gksdj vius lEiw.kZ ifjokj lfgr
egkou (xksdqy) pys x;s
firkegh eghekU;k
ojh;lhfr fo[;krk
dqlqEHkkHkk gfjRiVkA
[kokZ {khjkHkdqUryk
HkkokuqoknJh".kdh firkegh (nknh) ojh;lhds ukels fo[;kr

gSaA ;s ozte.Myesa cgqr iwtuh; gSaA budh vdkfUr dqlqEHk
(dslj) ds leku rFkk oL= gjs jds gSaA budh yEckbZ cgqr gh
de rFkk leLr ds'k nwkds leku lQsn gSa
firÒ;kS firq:tZU;jktU;kS cYyokS p ;kSA
uVhlqostZuk[;kfi
firkeglgksnjk
xq.kohj%
ifr;ZL;k%
lw;ZL;k;ikuaA(d)
HkkokuqoknJh".kds firk JhuUn egkjktds tZU; vkSj

jktU; uked nks firÒ; (pkpk) gSaA ;s nksuksa O;olk;ls xksi gaSA
u`R;fo|kesa fuiq.k vFkok uVh ukels izfl lqostZuk Jh".kds
firkegdh lxh cgu vFkkZr~ JhuUn egkjktdh cqvk gSA lqostZukds
ifrdk uke xq.kohj gSA ;s lw;Zdq.Mesa okl djrs gSa&(d)
firk ozttukuUnks uUnks HkqouofUnr%([k)
rqfUny'pUnu#fpcZUkqthofuHkkEcj%
A
fryr.Mqfyra dwp nkkuks yEcfoxzg%
HkkokuqoknJh".kds firkdk uke JhuUn egkjkt gSA ;s
Hkqou ofUnr rFkk oztokfl;ksads vkuUnLo:i gSaA budk mnj LFkwy]
vdkfUr pUnuds leku vkSj oL= cUkqtho (ckkqyh) iq"ids
leku gSA ;s fry&r.Mqfyr vFkkZr~ lQsn vkSj dkys jdh
feyhtqyh nk<+hls ;q yEcs 'kjhjokys gSa([k)&
miuUnkuqtks
xksijkt;'kksns
uUnks
olqnso&lqke%A
p ".krkrkS ozts'ojkS
HkkokuqoknJhuUn miuUnds vuqt vFkkZr~ NksVs HkkbZ rFkk

olqnsods ije fe= gSaA xksijkt uUn vkSj ;'kksnk Jh".kds firk
vkSj ekrk gSa] ;s nksuksa ozts'oj vkSj ozts'ojhds :iesa Hkh izfl
gS
a
olqnsoksfi olqfHknhZO;rhR;s"k Hk.;rsA
;Fkk ks.kLo:ika'k% [;kr'pkudnqUnqfHk%
ukesna xk#Ms izksa eFkqjkefgeesA
o`"kHkkuqozZts [;krks ;L; fiz;lq}j%
Hkkokuqoknôlq* 'kCn iq.;] jRu vkSj ku okph gSA olqds
}kjk nsnhI;eku gksusds dkj.k JhuUn egkjktds fe= olqnso dgykrs
gSaA vFkok fo'kq l oxq.kdks olqnso dgrs gSa] bl vFkZls 'kq
loxq.k lEik gksusds dkj.k budk uke olqnso gSA ;s ks.k uked
olqds Lo:ika'k gSaA ;s vkud nqUnqfHk ukels Hkh izfl gSaA
buds bu ukeksadk x#M+ iqjk.kds eFkqjk&ekgkRE;esa o.kZu fd;k
x;k gSA oztesa fo[;kr Jho`"kHkkuq egkjkt buds ije fiz; fe=
gS
a &
ekrk
ewkkZ
xksi;'kksnk=h ;'kksnk ';key|qfr%A

oRlyrsoklkS
'kpkifuHkkEcjk
HkkokuqoknJh".kdh ekrk xksitkfrdks ;'k iznku djusokyh

gksusds dkj.k ;'kksnk dgykrh gaSA budh vdkfUr ';key o.kZdh
gSA ;s okRlY;jldh izfrewk gSa rFkk buds oL= bUkuq"kds leku
gaS
ukfrLFkwyruq%
fdfph?kZespddqUrykA
,sUnoh dhknk ;L;k% fiz;k izk.kl[kh ojk
HkkokuqoknJh;'kksnkdk 'kjhj u rks cgqr vfkd eksVk vkSj

u gh cgqr vfkd iryk vFkkZr~ e;ekdkj gSA buds ds'k dqN
yEcs] espd (dkys) jds gSaA ,sUnoh vkSj dhknk budh izk.kksads
leku fiz; Js"B lf[k;k gSa
xksdqykkh'kx`fg.kh ;'kksnk nsodhl[khA
xksis'ojh xks"BjkKh ".kekrsfr Hk.;rs
Hkkokuqokn;s xksdqykkh'kdh x`fg.kh vFkkZr~ oztjkt JhuUn
egkjktdh iRuh] ;'kksnk] nsodh l[kh vFkkZr~ Jholqnsodh iRuh
Jhnsodhdh l[kh] xksis'ojh] xks"Bjkuh vkSj ".kekrkds :iesa izfl
gS
a
rFkk p vkfniqjk.ks
(vkfniqjk.kds vuqlkj)
}s ukEuh uUnHkk;kZ;k ;'kksnk nsodhfr pA

vr% l[;eHkwkL;k nsoD;k% 'kkSfjtk;;k
HkkokuqoknJhuUn egkjktdh iRuhds nks uke gSa;'kksnk vkSj
nsodhA blfy, 'kkSjh Jholqnsodh iRuh nsodhds lkFk uke dh
lekurk gksusds dkj.k LokHkkfod :iesa ;'kksnkdk fo'ks"k l[; Hkko
gS
jksfg.kh c`gnEckL; izg"kkZjksfg.kh lnkA
Lusga ;k dq#rs jke&Lusgkr~ dksfV&xq.ka gjkS
HkkokuqoknJhjksfg.khnsoh Jh".kdh cM+h ekrkds :iessa izfl
gSa rFkk lnSo mkjkskj okr gksusokys vkuUndks izkIr djusokyh
vkuUndh ewk gSA ;s Jh".kdks cyjkels Hkh dksfVxq.kk vfkd
Lusg djrh gSa
miuUnksfHkuUn'p firÒ;kS iwoZtkS firq%A
firÒ;kS rq duh;kalkS L;krka luUn&uUnukS
HkkokuqoknJhuUnds miuUn vkSj vfHkuUn uked cMs+ HkkbZ

rFkk luUn vkSj uUnu uked nks NksVs HkkbZ gSaA ;s lc Jh".kds
firÒ; (rk&pkpk) gSa
vk|%
flrk#.k#fpnhZ?kZdwpksZ
gfjRiV%A
rqh fiz;kL; lkjo.kkZ lkj'kkfVdk
Hkkokuqoknlcls cM+s HkkbZ JhmiuUndh vdkfUr koy
(LkQsn) vkSj v#.k (mxrs gq, lw;Z) ds jds feJ.k vFkkZr~
xqykch j tSlh gSA budh nk<+h cgqr yEch rFkk oL= gjs jds
gSaA budh iRuhdk uke rqh gS] ftudh v dkfUr rFkk lkM+hdk
j lkj vFkkZr~ pkrd iihgsds j tSlk gS
f}rh;% dEcqjE;Jh&yEcdwpksZflrkEcj%A
Hkk;kZL; ihojh uhyiVk ikVyfoxzgk
Hkkokuqoknnwljs HkkbZ JhvfHkuUndh vdkfUr 'ka[kds leku
xkSjo.kZ vkSj nk<+h yEch gSA ;s dkys jds oL= kkj.k djrs gSaA
budh iRuhdk uke ihojh gSA tks uhys jds oL= kkj.k djrh
gS rFkk ftudh v dkfUr ikVy vFkkZr~ xqykch jdh gS
lquUnkiji;kZ;% luUnL; p ik.Mj%A
';kepsy% flrf}f=ds'kks;a ds'kofiz;%
Hkk;kZ
dqoy;kjpsyk
dqoy;PNfo%A(d)
HkkokuqoknluUndk nwljk uke lquUn gSA budh vdkfUr

ikyhiu fy;s gq, lQsn jdh rFkk oL= dkys jds gSaA buds
ds'kksaesa dsoy nks ;k rhu ds'k gh lQsn gq, gSaA ;s ds'kods ije
fiz; gSA budh iRuhdk uke dqoy;k gSA tks dqoy; (uhys vkSj
gYds yky jds feJ.k tSls) oL=dks kkj.k djusokyh rFkk
dqoy; v&dkfUrokyh gS&(d)
uUnu%
f'kfrd.BkHk'p.MkrdqlqekEcj%([k)
10
vi`FkXolfr% fi=k r#.kiz.k;h gjkSA

vrqY;kL; fiz;k fo|qRdkfUrjHkzfuHkkEcjk
HkkokuqoknuUnudh vdkfUr e;wjds d.B tSlh rFkk oL=
p.Mkr (djohj) iq"ids leku gaSA JhuUnu vius firk (JhitZU;
egkjkt) ds lkFk ,d= okl djrs gSaA Jhgfjds izfr budk dksey
izse gSaA budh iRuhdk uke vrqY;k gSA ftudh vdkfUr
lkSnkfeuh vFkkZr~ fo|qr tSlh gS rFkk oL= es?kdh rjg ';ke jds
gSa([k)&
lkuUnk ufUnuh psfr firqjsrs lgksnjsA
dYek"kolus fjnUrs p Qsujksfp"kh
egkuhy% lquhy'p je.kkosr;ks% ekr~A(d)
HkkokuqoknJh".kds firk oztjkt uUndh lkuUnk vkSj
ufUnuh uked nks lxh cgusa gSaA ;s vusd izdkjds j&fcjs oL=
kkj.k djrh gSA budh nUriaf fj vFkkZr~ buds cgqr&ls nkr
ugha gSA budh vdkfUr Qsudh rjg lQsn gSA lkuUnkds ifrdk
uke egkuhy vkSj ufUnuhds ifrdk uke lquhy gSA ;s nksuksa
(egkuhy vkSj lquhy) Jh".kds QwQk gS&(d)
firqjk|firÒ;L;
iq=kS
d.Mon.MokS([k)
lqcys eqnekIrkS ;kS ;;ks'pk# eq[kkEcqte~A(d)

HkkokuqoknJh".kds lcls cM+s firÒ; (rk) JhmiuUnds
d.Mo vkSj n.Mo uked nks iq= gSaA nksuksa lqcyds lesa cgqr
izlk jgrs gSa rFkk nksuksadk euksgj eq[k deyds leku lqUnj
gSa([k)&(d)
jktU;kS ;kS rq nk;knkS ukEuk rkS pkVq&okVqdkSA
nfklkjk&gfo%lkjs lke.;kS ekk;ks%([k)
HkkokuqoknJhuUn egkjktds nks ppsjs HkkbZ] tks muds pkpk
jktU; ('yksd la[;k "VO;) ds iq= gSa] mudk uke pkVq vkSj
11
okVq gSA pkVqdh iRuhdk uke nfklkjk vkSj okVqdh iRuhdk uke
gfo%lkjk gS([k)
ekrkegks egksRlkgks
yEcdEcqle'eJq%
L;knL; lqeq[kkfHkk%A
iDotEcwQyPNfo%
HkkokuqoknJh".kds ekrkeg (ukuk) dk uke lqeq[k gSA ;s

cgqr m|eh rFkk mRlkgh gSaA budh yEch nk<+h 'ka[kds leku
LkQsn rFkk vdkfUr ids g, tkequds Qy tSlh gS
ekrkegh rq efg"kh nfkik.MjdqUrykA
ikVyk ikVyhiq"iiVykHkk gfjRiVk
HkkokuqoknJh".kdh ekrkegh (ukuh) dk uke ikVyk gSA ;s
oztdh jkuhds :iesa fl gSaA buds ds'k ns[kusesa xk;ds nwkls cus
nghdh rjg ihys] vdkfUr ikVyiq"ids leku gYds xqykch
jdh rFkk oL= gjs jds gSa
fiz;k lgpjh rL;k eq[kjk uke cYyohA
ozts'o;SZ nnkS LrU;a l[khLusgHkjs.k ;k
Hkkokuqoknekrkegh ikVykdh eq[kjk uked xksi&tkrh; ,d
fiz; l[kh gSA og ikVykds izfr bruh Lusg'khy gS fd dHkh&dHkh
ikVykds O;Lr gksusij (vU;kU; dk;ksdk rks dguk gh D;k\)
mudh iq=h ozts'ojh Jh;'kksnkdks viuk Lruiku rd Hkh djk nsrh
gS
lqeq[kL;kuqt'pk#eq[kkstufuHkPNfo% A
Hkk;kZL; dqyVho.kkZ cykdk uke cYyohA(d)
Hkkokuqoknekrkeg (ukuk) lqeq[kds NksVs HkkbZdk uke pk#eq[k
gSA budh vdkfUr vtu (dkty) dh rjg gSA budh iRuh
cykdk uked xksih gS] ftudh vdkfUr dqyVh (xgjs uhys
jdh ,d izdkjdh nky vFkok vtuds) j tSlh gS(d)
12
xksyks
ekrkegh
Hkzkrk
kweyks
oluPNfo%([k)
gflrks ;% LolqHkZ=kZ lqqeq[ksu qkksqj%A

nqokZlleqikL;So dqya ysHks oztksTToye~
;L; lk tfVyk Hkk;kZ oka[ko.kkZ egksnjh(d)
Hkkokuqoknekrkegh ikVykds HkkbZdk uke xksy gS rFkk os
kwez (yykbZ fy;s dkys) jds oL= kkj.k djrs gSaA LolqHkZ=kZ
vFkkZr~ cguds ifr lqeq[k }kjk glh&etkd djusij ;s kskds ekjs
fof{kIr (ikxy) gks tkrs gSaA
JhnqokZlkdh miklukds QyLo:i bUgsa oztds mTToy oa'kesa
tUe xzg.k djusdk lkSHkkX; izkIr gqvk gSA
xksydh iRuhdk uke tfVyk gSA og dkSosds tSls jokyh
rFkk LFkwyksnjh vFkkZr~ eksVs isVokyh gS([k)&(d)
;'kkskj&;'kksnso
lqnsok|kLrq
ekrqyk%([k)
vrlhiq"i#p;%
ik.MjkEcj&lac`rk%A
;s"kka kweziVk Hkk;kZ ddZVh&dqlqefRo"k%
jsek jksek lqjsek[;k% ikouL; firÒ;tk%A(d)
Hkkokuqokn;'kkskj] ;'kksnso vkSj lqnso vkfn Jh".kds ekek
gSaA bu lcdh vdkfUr vrlh iq"i (vylhds Qwy) ds leku
gSA ;s lc gYdk&lk ihykiu fy;s gq, lQsn jds oL= kkj.k
djrs gSaA bu lcdh ifRu;k ikou (Jhfo'kk[kkds firk) dh firÒ;
dU;k, (ppsjh cgusa) gSa] ftuds uke e'k% jsek] jksek vkSj lqjsek
gSA ;s lc kwez (yykbZ fy, dkys) jds oL= igurh gSa rFkk
budh vdkfUr ddZVh (lsey) iq"i tSlh gS([k)&(d)
;'kksnsoh&;'kfLoU;koqHks
ekrq%
lgksnjs([k)
nfklkjk&gfo%lkjs bR;U;s ukeuh r;ks%A

T;s"Bk ';kekuqtk xkSjh fgyksieokllh
13
Hkkokuqokn;'kksnsoh vkSj ;'kfLouh Jh".kdh ekrk ;'kksnkdh

lxh cgusa gSaA
;s nksuksa nfklkjk vkSj gfo%lkjkds ukels Hkh tkuh tkrh gSaA
cM+h cgu ;'kksnsoh ';ke o.kZ vkSj NksVh cgu ;'kfLouh
rIrdkpuds leku xkSj o.kZdh gSaA nksuksa gh gxqy (LkQsn] ihys
vkSj yky) jds oL= kkj.k djrh gSa([k)&
pkVqokVqd;ksHkkZ;sZ rs jktU;ruwt;ks%A
iq='pk#eq[kL;Sd% lqpk#uke&'kksHku%
xksyHkzkrq% lqrk ;L; Hkk;kZ ukEuk rqykorhA(d)
Hkkokuqoknnfklkjk vkSj gfo%lkjk igys dgs gq, jktU;
('yksd la[;k "VO;) ds iq= pkVq vkSj okVqd ('yksd la[;k
[k "VO;) dh ifRu;k gSaA (lqeq[kds HkkbZ) pk#eq[kdk lqpk#
uked ,d lqUnj iq= gSA
xksydh Hkrhth rqykorh bUgha lqpk#dh iRuh gS&(d)
firkeglekLrq.Mq&dqVsj&iqjVkn;%
([k)
Hkkokuqoknrq.Mq] dqVsj vkSj iqjV vkfn Jh".kds firkeg

(JhitZU; egkjktds leku vk;q vkSj vkl&ikl jgusokys gksusds
dkj.k nknk) ds leku gSa([k)
fdykUrdsy&rhykV&ihV&iqjVkn;% A
xks.M&dYyks&dkj.M&rjh"k.k&ojh"k.kk%A
ohjkjksg&ojkjksg&eq[;k ekrkegksiek%
Hkkokuqoknfdy] vUrdsy] rhykV] ihV] iqjV] xks.M]
dYyks] dkj.M] rjh"k.k] ojh"k.k] ohjkjksg vkSj ojkjksg vkfn
Jh".kds ekrkeg (Jhlqeq[kds leku vk;q vkSj vkl&ikl
jgusokys gksusds dkj.k ukuk) ds leku gaS
o`k% firkeghrqY;k% f'kykHksjh f'k[kkEcjkA
Hkk#.kh Hkjk Hkh Hkkj'kk[kk f'k[kkn;%
14
Hkkokuqoknf'kykHksjh] f'k[kkEcjk] Hkk#.kh] Hkqjk] Hkh] Hkkj'kk[kk

vkSj f'k[kk vkfn o`k, Jh".kdh firkegh (nknh) ds leku
gS
a
Hkk#.Mk tfVyk Hksyk djkyk djokfydkA
?k?kZjk eq[kjk ?kksjk ?k.Vk ?kks.kh lq?kf.Vdk
pf.kh pksf.Mdk pq.Mh fMf.Mek iq.Mokf.kdk%A
Mke.kh Mkejh MqEch Mk ekrkegh&lek%
HkkokuqoknHkk#.Mk] tfVyk] Hksyk] djkyk] djokfydk] ?k?kZjk]
eq[kjk] ?kksjk] ?k.Vk] ?kks.kh] lq?kf.Vdk] pfDd.kh] pksf.Mdk] pq.Mh]
fMf.Mek] iq.Mokf.kdk] Mke.kh] Mkejh] MqEch vkSj Mk vkfn o`k,
Jh".kdh ekrkegh (ukuh) ds leku gSa&
ey% fiy% fiks ekBj% ihB&if'kkSA
'kj% ljks Hk`ks ?k`f.k?kkfVdlkj?kk%
iVhj&nf.M&dsnkjk% lkSjHks;&dykjk%A
kqjh.k&kqoZ&pkk eLdjksRiy&dEoyk%
lq i {k&lkS k&gkjhr&gfjds ' k&gjkn;% A
miuUnkn;'pkU;s losZeh tudksiek%
Hkkokuqokney] fiy] fi] ekBj] ihB] ih'k] 'kj]
lj] Hk`] ?k`f.k] ?kkfVd] lkj?k] iVhj] nf.M] dsnkj] lkSjHks;]
dykqj] kqjh.k] kqoZ] pk] eLdj] mRiy] dEoy] lqi{k] lkSk]
gkjhr] gfjds'k] gj vkSj miuUn vkfn vU;kU; xksi Jh".kds
firkds leku gSa&
itZU;% lqeq[k'psekS feFk% l[;a ija xrkSA
okXcUka prq% izhR;k dS'kksjs rkS lq}jkSA
rsu uUnkfn&ukekufLr"BUR;U;sfi cYyok%
HkkokuqoknitZU; (Jh".kds firkeg) vkSj lqeq[k (Jh".kds
ekrkeg) ijLij ije fe= gSaA bu nksuksa Js"B lqnksaus dS'kksj
15
voLFkkesa hfriwoZd okXcUk (opu) fy;k Fkk fd buds }kjk vius

iq=ksadks fn;s x;s uUn vkfn uke nwljs xksiksads }kjk vius iq=ksads
fy, Hkh ;ksx fd;s tk ldrs gSaA blh dkj.kls JhoÙnkouesa uUn
vkfn ukeds nwljs xksi Hkh ns[ks tkrs gSa
rjk{kh
rjfydk
'kqHknk
ekfydknkA
oRlyk dq'kyk rkyh esnqjk el`.kk ik
'kfuh fcfEcuh fe=k lqHkxk Hkksfxuh izHkkA
'kkfjdk fgqyk uhfr dfiyk keuhkjk
i{kfr% ikVdk iq.Mh lqrq.Mk rqf"VjtukA
fo'kkyk 'kYydh os.kk okdk|k% izlwiek%
Hkkokuqoknrjk{kh] rjfydk] 'kqHknk] ekfydk] vnk] oRlyk]
dq'kyk] rkyh] esnqjk] el`.kk] ik] 'kfuh] fcfEcuh] fe=k] lqHkxk]
Hkksfxuh] izHkk] 'kkfjdk] fgqyk] uhfr] dfiyk] keuhkjk] i{kfr]
ikVdk] iq.Mh] lqrq.Mk] rqf"V] vtuk] fo'kkyk] 'kYydh] os.kk
vkSj okdk vkfn xksikuk, Jh".kdh ekrkds leku gSa&
vfEcdk p fdfyEck p kkr`ds LrU;nkf;dsA
vfEcds;a r;kseqZ[;k ozts'o;kZ% fiz;k l[kh
HkkokuqoknvfEcdk vkSj fdfyEck nksuksa Jh".kdh kk=h
(ulZ) gS rFkk mUgsa Lruiku djkrh gSaA nksuksaesals vfEcdk cM+h rFkk
ozts'ojhdh fiz; l[kh gS
eghlqjk%
(czk.k)
eghlqjkLrq f}fokk xksdqykUroZlfUr ;sA

dqyekfJR; okZUrs dsfpnU;s iqjksfgrk%
Hkkokuqoknxksdqyesa okl djusokys czk.k nks Hkkxksaesa foHk
gSaA ,d rks Jh".kds fir`dqyds vkfJr gSa vkSj nwljs iqjksfgr
Js.khesa gSa
16
o"kV~dkj&Lokkdkj&izk?kkjkkk% dqyf}tk%A
lkeksuh egkdO;k osfndk|kLrnuk%
Hkkokuqokno"kV~dkj] Lokkdkj vkSj izk?kkj vkfn fir`dqyds
vkfJr czk.k gSaA budh ifRu;ksads uke e'k% lkeksuh] egkdO;k
vkSj osfndk vkfn gSa
osnxHkksZ egk;Tok Hkkxq;Zk|k% iqjkskl%A
,rs"kka xkSreh 'kkohZ xkxhZR;k|k ojk% fL=;%
HkkokuqoknosnxHkZ] egk;Tok vkSj Hkkxqfj vkfn iqjksfgr gSaA
budh ifRu;ksads uke e'k% xkSreh] 'kkohZ vkSj xkxhZ vkfn gSa
dqfCtdk okeuh Lokgk lqyrk 'kkf.Myh LokkA
HkkxZohR;kn;ks o`k czk.;ks oztiwftrk%
HkkokuqokndqfCtdk] okeuh] Lokgk] lqyrk] 'kkf.Myh] Lokk
vkSj HkkxZoh vkfn o`k czkf.k;k ozte.Myesa iwtuh; gSa
ikS.kZeklh Hkxorh loZflffokkf;uhA
dk"kk;oluk xkSjh dk'kds'kh njk;rk
HkkokuqoknHkxorh ikS.kZeklh loZflffokkf;uh vFkkZr~ Jh".kdh
leLr yhykvksadks cgqr gh fuiq.krkls lEikfnr djusokyh ;ksxek;k
gaSA buds oL= d"kk; vFkkZr~ xs#, (tksfx;k) jds gaSA budh
vdkfUr xkSjo.kZ rFkk ds'k dk'k uked ?kklds iq"ids leku
LkQsn gSaA ;s vkdkjesa dqN yEch gSa
ekU;k ozts'ojknhuka losZ"kka oztokflukaA
nso"ksZ% fiz;f'k";s;eqins'ksu rL; ;k
lkUnhifua lqra izs"Ba fgRokoUrhiqjhefiA
LokHkh"VnSorizsEuk O;kdqyk xksdqya xrk
HkkokuqoknikS.kZeklh oztesa uUn vkfn lHkh oztokfl;ksadh
iwT;k rFkk nso"k Jhukjndh fiz; f'k";k gSaA vius xq# Jhukjnds
17
mins'kkuqlkj (Jh".k vkSj cynsods fo|kxq#) vius f; iq=

JhlkUnhifudks vofUrdkiqjh (mTtSu) esa NksM+dj vius vHkh"Vnso
Jh".kds izseesa o'khHkwr gksdj xksdqyesa okl djus yxha&
;wFk%
;wFk% ifjtukuka L;kr~ f}fokkuka egksPp;%A
o;L;ks nkfldk nwR; bR;lkS f=dqyks er%
Hkkokuqoknnks izdkjds (\) ifjtuksadh egku lef"Vdks ;wFk
dgrs gSaA o;L;] nklh vkSj nwrh Hksnls ;wFkesa rhu izdkjdk dqy
gS
a
;wFkL;kokUrjk Hksnk% dqya rL; rq e.MyaA
e.MyL; rFkk oxksZ oxZL; x.k mP;rs
x.kL; leok;% L;kr~ leok;L; lp;%A
lp;L; lekt% L;kr~ lektL; leUo;%A
bfr Hksnk uo Ks;k y?ko% e'kks cqkS%
Hkkokuqoknjlro tkuusokyksaus ;wFkdks iqu% ukS izdkjds
foHkkxksaesa foHkkftr fd;k gSA ;Fkk;wFkds NksVs&NksVs foHkkx dqy]
dqyds NksVs&NksVs foHkkx e.My] e.Myds NksVs&NksVs foHkkx oxZ]
oxZds NksVs&NksVs foHkkx x.k] x.kds NksVs&NksVs foHkkx leok;]
leok;ds NksVs&NksVs foHkkx lap;] lap;ds NksVs&NksVs foHkkx lekt
rFkk lektds NksVs&NksVs foHkkx leUo; dgykrs gSa&
o;L;kuka (l[khuka) dqye~

(lf[k;ksads dqydk o.kZu)
r=knkS dqyekyhuka fy[;rs rr~ f=e.MyaA
rkjrE;kk;ks% izsEuka dqyL;kL; f=:irkA
lektks e.Mypsfr x.k'psfr rnqP;rs
18
HkkokuqoknloZizFke lf[k;ksads f=e.My :i (rhu izdkjds)

dqydk o.kZu fd;k tk jgk gSA izseds rkjrE;ls og dqylekt]
e.My vkSj x.kds Hksnls rhu izdkjdk gS
dqyds izFke izdkj lektdk o.kZu

lekt% ijeizs"Bl[khuka izFkeks er%A
ofj"B'p oj'psfr l leUo;;qXeHkkd~
Hkkokuqoknijes"B lf[k;ksadh lef"Vdks lekt dgrs gSa] ;gh
izFke izdkjdk dqy gSA ;g lekt ofj"B vkSj ojbu nks
leUo;ksals ;q gS
(d) ofj"B%
ofj"B% loZr% [;kr% lnk lfporka xr%A
r;ksjsokleksokZs ok uklkS izsEu% lekJ;%
Hkkokuqoknofj"B yyuk, lcls vfkd fo[;kr rFkk
lnSo lfpork izkIr djusokyh vFkkZr~ JhJhjkkk".kdh vUrj
yhykvksaesa lnSo lc izdkjls lokZfkd lgk;rk djusokyh gSA tgk
rd JhJhjkkk".kds izfr buds izsedh ckr gS] u rks dksbZ buds
leku gS vkSj u gh dksbZ buls c<+dj
izik%
loZlqnka
ijeknj.kh;rkaA
vikjxq.k&:ikfn ekkqjhfHk'p Hkwf"kr%
Hkkokuqokn;g ofj"B yyuk,] lHkh Lusg;q n;okyh
vuqxr lf[k;ksads fy, ije vknj.kh; rFkk vikj xq.k&:i vkfn
ekkqfj;ksals foHkwf"kr gS
v"V l[;%
yfyrk p fo'kk[kk p fp=k pEidofYydkA
rqfo|sUnqys[kk p jnsoh lqnsfodk
Hkkokuqoknyfyrk] fo'kk[kk] fp=k] pEidyrk] rqfo|k]
bUnqys[kk] jnsoh vkSj lqnsoh;s vkB ofj"B lf[k;k gSa
19
() yfyrknsoh
r=k|k yfyrknsoh L;kn"Vklq ojh;lhA
fiz;l[;k HkosTT;s"Bk lIro'kfrokljS%
Hkkokuqoknbu vkB ofj"B lf[k;ksaesals Jhyfyrknsoh lcls
Js"B gSaA ;g viuh fiz; l[kh Jhjkkkls lkkbZl fnu cM+h gSa
vuqjkkkr;k [;krk
xksjkspuk&fuHkkh lk
okeiz[kjrka xrkA
f'kf[kfiPNfuHkkEcjk
HkkokuqoknJhyfyrk vuqjkkkds ukels fo[;kr rFkk okek()

vkSj iz[kjk() ukf;dkds xq.kksals foHkwf"kr gSaA yfyrkdh vdkfUr
xksjkspuk (nhfIreku O; fo'ks"k) ds leku rFkk oL= e;wjia[k tSls
gS
a
tkrk ekrfj lkj|ka firqjs"kk fo'kksdr%A
ifrHkSZjoukekL;k% l[kk xksoZuL; ;%
HkkokuqoknJhyfyrkdh ekrkdk uke lkjnh vkSj firkdk
uke fo'kksd gSA buds ifrdk uke HkSjo gS tks xksoZu xksids l[kk
gS
() fo'kk[kk
fo'kk[kk=
f}rh;k
L;knsdkpkjxq.kozrkA
fiz;l[;k tfu;Z= r=S"kkH;qfnrk {k.ks
Hkkokuqoknofj"B lf[k;ksaesa nwljh fo'kk[kk gSaA ;s vkpj.k]
xq.k rFkk ozresa Jhjkkkds leku gSaA ftl le; Jhjkfkdkdk tUe
gqvk] Bhd mlh le; fo'kk[kkdk Hkh tUe gqvk Fkk
()
eku mn; djkusesa O;Lr] ekudh f'kfFkyrk gksusij ksk djusokyh] uk;d
}kjk vo'khHkwrk rFkk dBksj Hkkf"k.khA
()
izxYHk opuksa okyh ukf;dktks ckrksa gh ckrksaesa viuk nq%[k vkSj ksk
izdV djrh gSaA
20
rkjkofynqdwys;a
fo|qfkHkruq|qfr%A
firq% ikourks tkrk eq[kjk;k% Lolq% lqrkr~
tfVyk;k% Lolq% iq;ka nf{k.kk;kUrq ekrfjA
Hkosf}okgdkkZL;k% okfgdks uke cYyo%
Hkkokuqoknfo'kk[kkds oL= rkjksals f?kjs gq, vkdk'ke.Myds
leku vFkkZr~ lQsn cwVsnkj uhykEcjh gSa rFkk vdkfUr lkSnkfeuhds
leku gSaA
Jhfo'kk[kkds firkdk uke ikou gS] ;s ikou eq[kjkdh cguds
iq= gSaA fo'kk[kkdh ekrkdk uke nf{k.kk gS] og tfVykdh cgudh
dU;k gS] fo'kk[kkds ifrdk uke okfgd xksi gS&
() pEidyrk
r`rh;k pEidyrk QqYypEidnhfkfr%A
,sdukk dfu"Bs;a pk"k&i{kfuHkkEcjk
Hkkokuqoknofj"B lf[k;ksaesa rhljh pEidyrk gSaA budh
vdkfUr f[kys gq, pEid iq"ids leku gSA ;s Jhjkfkdkls ,d
fnu NksVh gSa rFkk buds oL= pk"k (uhyd.B) uked i{khds o.kZ
tSls gSa
firqjkjkerks tkrk okfVdk;kUrq ekrfjA
oks<+k p.Mk{kukekL;k fo'kk[kk ln`'kh xqq.kS%
HkkokuqoknJhpEidyrkds firkdk uke vkjke rFkk ekrkdk
uke okfVdk gSA buds ifrdk uke p.Mk{k gSA ;s xq.kksaesa izk;%
fo'kk[kkds leku gSa
() fp=k (lqfp=k)
fp=k prqFkhZ dk'ehjxkSjh dkpfuHkkEcjkA
"kM~o'kR;k dfu"Bkka ekkokeksnesnqjk
Hkkokuqoknofj"B lf[k;ksaesa pkSFkh fp=k gSaA budh vdkfUr
dk'ehj vFkkZr~ dqadqeds leku xkSjo.kZ rFkk oL= dkpds j tSls
21
gSaA ;s Jhjkfkdkls NCchl fnu NksVh gSaA ;s Jh".kds vkuUnesa

vkufUnr jgrh gSa
prqjk[;ka firqtkZrk lw;Zfe=firÒ;tkA
tuU;ka ppdk[;k;ka ifrjL;kLrq ihBj%
HkkokuqoknJhfp=kds firkdk uke prqj gS] tks lw;Zfe=
(o`"kHkkuq egkjkt) ds pkpk yxrs gSaA budh ekrkdk uke ppdk
vkSj ifrdk uke ihBj gS
() rqfo|k
ipeh rqfo|k L;kTT;k;lh ipfHknuS%A
pUpUnuHkwf;"Bk
dqe|qfr'kkfyuh
Hkkokuqoknofj"B lf[k;ksaesa ikpoha rqfo|k gSaA ;s Jhjkfkdkls
ikp fnu cM+h gSaA buds Jhvksals pU pUnu vFkkZr~ diZwj fefJr
pUnuds leku lqxUk vkrh gSA budh vdkfUr dqadqeds leku
gS
ik.Mqe.MyoL=s;a
nf{k.kiz[kjksfnrkA
es?kk;ka iq"djkTtkrk ifrjL;kLrq ckfy'k%
HkkokuqoknJhrqfo|kds oL= gYds ihys jds gSaA ;s
nf{k.kk() vkSj iz[kjk() ukf;dkds xq.kksals foHkwf"kr gSaA budh
ekrkdk uke es?kk vkSj firkdk uke iq"dj rFkk ifrdk uke
ckfy'k gS
() bUnqys[kk
bUnqys[kk Hkosr~ "k"Bh gfjrkyksTToy|qfr%A
nkfM+Eciq"ioluk dfu"Bk okljSfL=fHk%
()
eku lgu djusesa vleFkZ] uk;dds lkFk ;qf&;q ckr djusokyh rFkk
uk;dds lkUroukiw.kZ okD;ksads o'khHkwr gksusokyhA
()
izxYHk opuksaokyh ukf;dktks ckrksa gh ckrsaesa viuk nq%[k vkSj ksk
izdV djrh gSaA
22
Hkkokuqoknofj"B lf[k;ksaesa NBh bUnqys[kk gSaA budh vdkfUr

gfjrky vFkkZr~ ihro.kZds leku mTToy gSA buds oL= vukjds
Qwyksads leku gSaA ;s Jhjkfkdkls rhu fnu NksVh gSa
csyk&lkxjlaKkH;ka fir`H;ka tfueh;q"khA
okeiz[kjrka ;krk ifrjL;kLrq nqoZy%
HkkokuqoknbUnqys[kk ekrkdk uke csyk rFkk firkdk uke
lkxj gSA ;s okek vkSj iz[kjk ukf;dkds xq.kksals foHkwf"kr gSaA buds
ifrdk uke nqoZy gS
() jnsoh
lIreh jnsoh;a ifdtYddkfUrHkkd~A
tokjkfxnq d w y s ; a dfu"Bk lIrfHknuS %
izk;s.k pEidyrkln`'kh xq.krks erkA(d)
Hkkokuqoknofj"B lf[k;ksaeas lkroha jnsoh gSaA budh vdkfUr
dey&ds'kjds leku rFkk oL= tok iq"ids leku dqN ykfyek
fy, gq, gSaA ;s Jhjkkkls lkr fnu NksVh gSa rFkk xq.kksaesa izk;%
pEidyrkds leku gSa&(d)
d#.kk&jlkjkH;ka fir`H;ka tfueh;q"khA
vL;k os{k.kks HkkkZ duh;ku~ HkSjoL; ;%([k)
HkkokuqoknJhjnsohds firkdk uke jlkj rFkk ekrkdk
uke d#.kk gSA buds ifrdk uke os{k.k gSA tks HkSjods dfu"V
Hkzkrk gSa([k)
() lqnsoh
lqnsoh
jnsO;kLrq
;etk
e`nqj"VehA
:ikfnfHk% Lolq% lkE;kr~ rn~HkzkfUrHkjdkfj.khA
Hkzk=k os{k.kL;s;a ifj.khrk duh;lk
23
Hkkokuqoknofj"B lf[k;ksaesa vkBoha lqnsoh gSaA ;s jnsohdh

;et vFkkZr~ tqM+ok cgu vkSj e`n()
q LoHkkodh gSaA :i] xq.k vkSj
LoHkko vkfnesa viuh cgu jnsoh tSlh gksusds dkj.k bUgsa ns[kdj
jnsohdk Hkze gksrk gSA jnsohds ifr os{k.kds NksVs HkkbZds lkFk
budk fookg gqvk gS
([k) oj%
,rn"Vd&dYikfHkj"VkfHk% dfFkrks oj%A
,rk }kn'ko"khZ;k'pyn~ckY;k% dykorh
'kqHkknk fgj.;kh jRuys[kk f'k[kkorhA
dUniZetjh
QqYydfydkuetjh
Hkkokuqoknmijks vkB ofj"B lf[k;ksads vfrfj vU;
vkB Js"B lf[k;k oj ukels tkuh tkrh gSaA ;s lc }kn'k o"khZ;k
gSa vkSj budh ckY;koLFkk izk;% vrhr gks pqdh gSA buds uke
dykorh] 'kqHkknk] fgj.;kh] jRuys[kk] f'k[kkorh] dUniZetjh]
QqYydfydk vkSj vuetjh gS&
() dykorh
ekrqyks ;ksdZfe=L; xksiks ukEuk dykj%A
dykorh lqrk rL; flUkqeR;k etk;r
gfjpUnuo.ksZ;a
dhj|qfr&iVko`rkA
diksr% ifrjsrL; okfgdL;kuqtLrq ;%
Hkkokuqoknbuesals dykorh vdZfe=ds ekek dykadqj uked
xksidh dU;k gSaA budh ekrkdk uke flUkqerh gSA ;s gfjpUnu
tSlh vdkfUrls ;q rFkk 'kqdi{khdh vizHkkds leku oL=
kkj.k djusokyh gSaA (fo'kk[kkds ifr) okfgddk vuqt diksr
budk ifr gS&
()
ekqj ok.kh cksyusokyh ukf;dk
24
() 'kqHkknk
'kqHkknk rfM+n~o.kkZ fo'kk[kk;k% duh;lhA
ihBjL;kuqtsus;a ifj.khrk irf=.kk
Hkkokuqokn'kqHkknk eye; Lo.kZds leku mTToy vdkfUr
okyh rFkk fo'kk[kkdh NksVh cgu gSaA budk fookg (fp=kds ifr)
ihBjds vuqt irf=ds lkFk gqvk gS
() fgj.;kh
fgj.;kh fgj.;kHkk gfj.khxHkZlEHkokA
loZlkSUn;ZlUnksg&efUnjhHkwrfoxzgk
Hkkokuqoknfgj.;kh Lo.kZ dkfUrokyh gSaA budk tUe gfj.khds
xHkZls gqvk gSA (ftldk o.kZu fuEufyf[kr 'yksdksaesa fd;k x;k
gSA) buds foxzg ('kjhj) dh lqUnjrkdks ns[kdj ,slk yxrk gS
ekuks lc izdkjds lkSUn;ksdk efUnj Lo:i gks
;Tok ;'kLoh kekZRek xksiks ukEuk egkolq%A
l fe=a jfofe=L; fofp=xq.kHkwf"kr%
Hkkokuqokn(fgj.;k{khds firk) egkolq uked xksi ;tu'khy
(;K djusesa jr jgusokys) ;'kLoh] kekZRek rFkk fofp= xq.kksals
foHkwf"kr rFkk jfofe= (o`"kHkkuq egkjkt) ds cUkq gSa
vfHky";u~ lqra ohja dU;kpkfreuksjeke~A
b"Va Hkkxqfj.kkjsHks fu;rkRek iqjksklk
HkkokuqoknbUgha egkolq uked xksius ,d ohj iq= rFkk ,d
lqUnj dU;kdh vfHkyk"kkls la;rkRek iqjksfgr Hkkxqfjds }kjk ,d
;K vkjEHk djok;k
rr% lqkke;% dksfi lqpk#'p##fRFkr%A
ufUnrLra lqpUk;S lke.;S p nkoku~
25
HkkokuqoknrnqijkUr ml ;Kls ,d ve`re; lqUnj p#

(;Kh; Hk{; O; fo'ks"k o go;kk) izdV gqvkA egkolqus
vkufUnr gksdj ml p#dks viuh Lkgke.kh lqpUkdks iznku
fd;k
re'uUR;ka p#a rL;kefyUns lEHkzeksfT>r%A
lqj~X;k[;k oztpjh dqjh jf.kh&izlw%
vkxR; rjlk rL;kyksdkr~ fdfpnHk{k;r~A
i'kqikyh&gfj.;qHks
rrks
xHkZeokirq%
HkkokuqoknlqpUkus tc bl p#dk Hkkstu fd;k] rc
'kh?kzrkds dkj.k mlesals FkksM+k&lk go;kk vkuesa fxj iM+kA
jf.khdh ekrk lqjh uked ,d fgj.kh oztesa Hkze.k djrh Fkh]
mlus ml ve`re; p#dks ns[kk rFkk gBkr~ mls mBkdj Hk{k.k dj
fy;kA p#dk Hk{k.k djusls lqpUk uked xksih rFkk lqjh uked
fgj.kh nksuksa gh xHkZorh gks xb&
lqpUk lq"kqos iq=a Lrksd".ka czqofUr ;e~A
vlks"V xks"Be;s lk fgj.;kha dqjfdk
Hkkokuqoknblds mijkUr ;Fkksfpr le;ij lqpUkus ftl
iq=dks tUe fn;k] og ^Lrksd".k* ds ukels izfl gqvk rFkk
lqjh uked fgj.khus xks"Besa ftl dU;kdks tUe fn;k] mldk uke
fgj.;kh gS
;k l[kh fiz;xkUkokZ xkUkokZ;k% fiz;k lnkA
QqYykijkftrk&Js.khfojkftiVef.Mrk
HkkokuqoknxkUkokZ Jhjkkk budh vR;Ur fiz; l[kh gSa vkSj
;s Hkh xkUkokZ Jhjkkkdks loZnk fiz; gSA ;s f[kys gq, vijkftr
iq"iksads leku oL=ksadks kkj.k djrh gSa
,rka nkjr;ksnkjka nnkS o`k; xksnqgsA
tjn~xok; xxZL; fxjka xkSjor% firk
26
Hkkokuqoknfgj.;khds mnkj efrokys firkus xxZefq uds opuksads

izfr lEeku gsrq tjnxo uked ,d o` xksids lkFk budk fookg
djok;k
() jRuys[kk
lqrks ekr`"olq% lw;Zlk;L; i;ksfufk%A
rL; iq=or% iRuh fe=k dU;kfHkykf"k.kh
J;kjkk;kps HkkLdja lqroLdjkA
izlknsu |qjRuL; jRuys[kkelwr lk
Hkkokuqoknlw;Zlk; vFkkZr~ o`"kHkkuq egkjktdh ekSlhds iq=dk
uke i;ksfufk gSA iq=orh gksusij Hkh budh iRuh fe=kus dU;k
izkfIrdh vfHkyk"kkls JkiwoZd lw;Znsodh vkjkkuk dhA vUresa
lw;Znsodh ikls mUgksaus ftl dU;kdks izkIr fd;k] mlhdk uke gh
jRuys[kk gS&
eu%f'kyk#fpjlkS
o`"kHkkuqlqrkizs"Bk
jksyEc#fpjkEcjkA
Hkkuq'kqJw"k.ks
jrk
O;w<+k ckY;s dM+kjs.k ekrk ;L; dqBkfjdkA

?kw.kZ;Urh n`'kkS ?kksjs ekkoa izs{; rTtZfr
HkkokuqoknjRuys[kkdh vdkfUr eu%f'kyk vFkkZr~ yky
jds ,d [kfut O;ds o.kZds leku rFkk oL= Hkzejds j tSls
gSaA ;s o`"kHkkuq ufUnuh Jhjkkkdks vR;Ur fiz; gS rFkk ,dkxzfpkls
lw;Znsodh vkjkkuk djrh gSA dqBkfjdkds iq= dM+kjds lkFk
ckY;dkyesa gh budk fookg gqvkA ;s tc Hkh ekkodks ns[krh gS]
rHkh vius us=ksadks Hk;kud :ils ?kqekrs gq, mudh rtZuk fd;k
djrh gS&
() f'k[kkorh
kU;kU;knHkwr~ dU;k lqf'k[kk;ka f'k[kkorhA
d.kdkj|qfr% dqUnyfrdk;k% duh;lh
tjfkfkjfdehZjiVk
mnw<k+
x#Msu;s a
ewksoZ
xtZjk[;su
27
ekkqjhA
xksngq k
Hkkokuqoknf'k[kkorhus kU;kU; vkSj lqf'k[kkdh dU;kds

:iesa tUe xzg.k fd;kA budh vdkfUr d.kdkj (Lo.kZpEik) ds
leku gSA ;s dqUnyrkdh NksVh cgu gSa rFkk o` rhrj i{khds j
tSls vusd j&fcjs oL=ksadks kkj.k djrh gSA ns[kusesa rks ;s
ekqjrkdh lk{kkr~ ewk gh yxrh gSA budk fookg xtZj uked
xksils gqvk tks] x#M+ ukels Hkh tkus tkrs gSa&
() dUniZetjh
dUniZetjh uke tkrk iq"ikdjkn~ firq%A
tuU;ka dq#foUnk;ka ;L;k% fi=k gj oje~
fn R; u dq=kfi fookgksU;= dk;ZrsA
fdfjkrksTToy#fpofp=flp;ko`rk
HkkokuqokndUniZetjhds firk iq"ikdj rFkk ekrk dq#foUnk
gSaA buds firkus vius n;esa Jhgfjdks gh viuk tekrk fLFkjdj
viuh iq=h dUniZetjhdk fookg vU;= dgha ugha djok;kA ;s
fdfjkr ('kqd) i{khds leku mTToy dkfUrokyh rFkk vusd
j&fcjs csy&cwVsnkj oL=ksadks kkj.k djrh gSa&
() QqYydfydk
JheYykr~ QqYydfydk defyU;keHkwr~ firq%A
ls;feUnhoj';kek
'k& pkifuHkkEc jk
lgtsukfUork
ihrfrydsukfydLFkysA
fonqjksL;k%
ifrnwZjkUefg"khjk;R;lkS
HkkokuqoknQqYydfydkds firkdk uke JheYy rFkk ekrkdk
uke defyuh gSA ;s uhydeyds leku ';kek rFkk bUkuq"kds
leku euksgj oL= kkj.k djusokyh gSA buds mTToy yykVij
LokHkkfod :ils cuk gqvk ihys jdk fryd 'kksHkk ikrk gSA
28
buds ifrdk uke fonqj gS] tks nwjls gh viuh HkSlksadk vkku
djrs gSa&
() vuetjh
olUr&dsrdhdkfUreZtqykuetjh A
;FkkFkkZ{kjukes;feUnhojfuHkkEcjk
nqeZnks enokuL;k% ifr;ksZ nsoj% Lolq%A

fiz;klkS yfyrknsO;k fo'kk[kk;k fo'ks"kr%
Hkkokuqoknvuetjh olUrdkyhu dsrdhdh rjg euksgj
dkfUrokyh rFkk uhydeyds leku oL= kkj.k djrh gSaA tSlk
budk uke gS oSls gh ;s :i&ekkq;Zesa vu vFkkZr~ dkensodh Hkh
Li`g.kh;k gS] vr,o budk vuetjh uke ;FkkFkZ gh gSA budk
ifr enksUer nqeZn ukels izfl gSA tks budh cgu Jhjkkkdk nsoj
Hkh gSA vuetjh yfyrknsoh vkSj fo'ks"k :ils fo'kk[kkdks vfr
fiz; gS&
o;L;kuka lkekU;dekZf.k fy[;Urs

(o;L;kvksadh lkekU; f;kvksadk o.kZu)
os'k% fiz;o;L;k;k xq#iR;kfn&opue~A

gfj.kk izse&dygs rL;k ,okuq;kf;rk
Hkkokuqoknfiz; lf[k;k Jhjkfkdkdh os'k&Hkw"kk vFkkZr~ oL=
vkSj vykj vkfndks rS;kj djus rFkk ifr] lkl vkSj llqj
vkfn lEekuuh; O;f;ksadh opuk djusesa cgqr fuiq.k gSA tc
dHkh Jhgfj vkSj Jhjkkkesa izse&dyg gksrk gS] ;s Jhjkfkdkdk i{k
ysrh gSa
vfHklkjs lgk;Roekkfn&ifjos'kue~A
vkLoknua lg&hMk jgL;&ifjxksiue~
Hkkokuqokn;s vfHklkj vFkkZr~ lsr LFkkuij ys tkusesa
lgk;rk djrh gSA ;s Jhjkkk&".kdks vk vkfn HkksT; O;ksadk
29
ifjos'ku djrh gSA ;s lHkh jkkk&".kdh yhykvksadk vkLoknu

djrh gSa rFkk jgL;iw.kZ fo"k;ksadks xqIr j[krh gS
ifo=fpkpkrq; ifjp;kZ ;Fkksfpre~A
mRd"kZEykfudkfjRoa Loi{kizfri{k;ks%
Hkkokuqoknvius ifo= fpkdh prqjrk }kjk ;qxy&fd'kksjdh
;Fkksfpk vFkkZr~ ftl le; ftl lsokdh vko';drk gS] mlh
lsokdks djrh gSA lHkh fo"k;ksaesa vius i{kdk mRd"kZ vkSj
izfri{kdk vid"kZ izn'kr djrh gS
rkS;Zf=d&dyksYykls mHk;ks% ifjrks"k.ke~A
vodk'kksfprkpkj&lsokizkFkZu&Hkk"k.ke~
Hkkokuqoknu`R;] xhr vkSj ok| ;U=ksads }kjk Jhjkkk&".kdks
vkufUnr djrh gSA ifjfLFkfrds vuqlkj mfpr O;ogkj] lsok&izkFkZuk
vkSj dFkksidFku djuk HkyhHkkfr tkurh gS
bR;kfn lq"Bq Hkwf;"Ba Ks;eklka fop{k.kS%A
lokZ ,okf[kya deZ tkufUr dqoZrsfi p
Hkkokuqoknfop{k.k O;f Lo;a gh buds ekkq;Z&ifjiw.kZ
f;k&dykiksadks HkyhHkkfr le> tk;saxs] vr,o vkSj vfkd dqN
dgusdh vko';drk ugha gSA rc Hkh] ;g dguk v;kSfd ugha
gksxk fd izk;% os lcdqN tkurh gS] rFkk ftl le; tks djuk
pkfg;s] mls djrh Hkh gS
r= dkf'pfk;qk% L;qjfu;qk'p dk'puA
fu;qk% lq"Bq ;k ;= fy[;Urs rk% ekfnek%
Hkkokuqokntks lf[k;k mijks vUrj lsokvksadks lk{kkr~
:iesa djrh gSa] os fu;qk gSa rFkk tks nwjls mu vUrj lsokvksadh
iqf"V djrh gSa] os vfu;qk gSaA fu;qkesals tks HkyhHkkfr
ftl&ftl vUrj lsokdks djrh gSa] mls els fy[kk tk jgk
gS
30
v"V l[kh pfjre~

(lf[k;ksads pfj=dk o.kZu)
(;|fi bl xzUFkesa igys Hkh v"V lf[k;ksadk o.kZu vk;k gS]

rFkkfi ;gk ;g tku ysuk vfuok;Z gS fd igys muds :i vkSj
dqy bR;kfndk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] fdUrq ;gkij muds ,oa muds
vkuqxR;esa jgusokyh lf[k;ksads }kjk dh tkusokyh lsokvksadk
mYys[k fd;k tk jgk gSA)
() yfyrk
rFkkfi ijeizs"Bl[;% Js"Br;ksfnrk%A
loZ= yfyrknsoh ijek;{krka xrk
HkkokuqoknrFkkfi lHkh fu;qk lf[k;ksaesals ijeizs"B lf[k;ksadks
gh Js"B ekuk tkrk gSA Jhyfyrknsoh bu lHkh ijeisz"B lf[k;ksadh
Hkh v;{k gSa
Lohrkf[kyHkkos;a lfUkfoxzfg.kh erkA
vijk;fr jkkk;S ekkos Dokfi nSor%
HkkokuqoknJhyfyrk Jhjkkk".kds lHkh Hkkoksadks iw.kZ :ils
tkurh gSaA ;s feyu rFkk foxzg vFkkZr~ izse&dyg djkrh gSA ;s
Jhjkkkdh i{kikrh gksusds dkj.k dHkh nSoo'kr% ekkods izfr
vijkk Hkh dj cSBrh gS
pf.MEuk dqfpreq[kh l[kh|qfrfHkjko`rkA
foxzgs izkSf<+okns p izfrokD;ksiifk"kq
Hkkokuqoknfoxzg (ize
s &dyg)] izkSf<+okn (xoZi.w kZ opu)] izR;qkj
rFkk ;qfds le; ;s dHkh rks pf.MEuk vFkkZr~ vR;fkd ksfkr
gks tkrh gS vkSj dHkh Jhjkkkds Hkkoksaesa gh vius Hkkoksadks feykusds
dkj.k dqfpreq[kh vFkkZr~ eq[k uhps dj ysrh gS rFkk l[kh|qfrfHkjko`rk
vFkkZr~ xksjkspuk gksusij Hkh viuh l[kh Jhjkkkdh rIr dkpu
tSlh |qfrls vko`k gks tkrh gS
31
izfrHkkeqiyCkkfHkkZks
foxzgekxzgkr~A
vk;kfr lfUkle;s rVLFkso fLFkrk Lo;e~
HkxoR;kfnfHk}kZ j S;qZk
lfUka
djksR;lkSA(d)
HkkokuqokndHkh foxzg (ize

s &dyg) ds le; uouoksUes"k'kfyuh]
izR;qRik efr :i izfrHkk iznku djds vkxzgiwoZd Jhjkkkdk eku
mfnr djkrh gS rFkk dHkh Hkxorh ikS.kZeklh vkfnls feydj igys
rks Lo;a gh ".kls feyu djkrh gS vkSj feyudk le; vkusij
rVLFk gks tkrh gS&(d)
ikS"ik.kka e.Mua N=a 'k;uksRFkkuos'euke~ ([k)
fuerkfoUtkys p izgsY;kpkfrdksfonkA(d)
HkkokuqoknJhyfyrkth iq"iksasds vykj] N=] 'k;k vkSj
,dkUresa ijLij okkkZyki djus gsrq cSBus;ksX; d{kdk fuekZ.k
djus] bUtky (tknwxjh) vkSj izsgsfydk vkfn cukusesa cgqr dq'ky
gS([k)&(d)
rkEcwysfkrk ;k% L;qjL;kLrq nkfldk'p ;k%([k)
enuksUekfnuh okVka ;k fdkjfd'kksfjdk%A
izlwu&oYyh&rkEcwy&oYyh&iwxqes"ksq
p
l[;'p ounsO;'p ojk ekU;ksithfouke~A
;k% dU;dk% L;q% lokZlq rkLosok;{krka xrk
HkkokuqoknJhyfyrkth rkEcqy lsokesa
nkfl;ksa] enuksUekfnuh okfVdkesa fu;q
vkSj rkEcqydh yrkvksa rFkk lqikjhds
nkfl;ksa] ounsfo;ksa vkSj ekuuh; x.kksadh
v;{k gSa([k)&
()
vfkdkj izkIr djusokyh

fdkj&fd'kksfj;ksa()] iq"i
o`{kksadh j{kk djusokyh
Hkh ekU; dU;dkvksadh
fdkj hM+k dke 'kkL=ks ,d izdkjdh jfr hM+k gSA euq";ds tSls
vkdkj rFkk ?kksMs+ds tSls eq[kokyh nso ;ksfudks fdkj rFkk mudh ;qofr;ksadks
fdkj fd'kksjh dgrs gSaA
32
jRuys[kkn;ks"VkS ;k% fiz;l[;ksuqdhkrk%A

loZ= yfyrknsO;k Ks;k% izR;Urjk% lnk
HkkokuqoknjRuys[kk vkfn ftu oj uked vkB fiz;lf[k;ksads
fo"k;esa igys o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] os lnk lc izdkjls Jhyfyrknsohds
vuqdwy vkpj.k djusokyh gSa
jRuizHkk&jfrdys r=kI;"Vklq foJqrsA
xq.klkSUn;ZoSnXkh&ekkqjhfHk#ikxrs
HkkokuqoknJhyfyrkds vkuqxR;esa lsok djusokyh vkB lf[k;kse
a l
as s
jRuizHkk vkSj jfrdyk cgqr fo[;kr gS rFkk xq.k] lkSUn;Z] oSnXkh
(fuiq.krk) ,oa ekkq;Z vkfnls ;q gSa
iq"is"kq e.Mue~
(Jhyfyrkdh lsokds vUrxZr iq"iksals cus vkHkw"k.kksadk o.kZu)
fdjhVa ckyik';k p d.kZiwjks yykfVdkA

xzSos;dkns dkphdVds ef.kcUkuh
gald% dpqyhR;kfn fofoka iq"ie.Mue~A
ef.kLo.kkZfnDyÌrL; e.MuL;k= ;kn`'k%A
vkdkj'p izdkj'p dkSlqeL; p rkn`'k%
HkkokuqoknfdjhV] ckyik';k] d.kZiwj] yykfVdk] xzSos;d]
vn] dkph] dVd] ef.kcUkuh] gald vkSj dpqyh bR;kfn
iq"iksals cus vusd izdkjds vkHkw"k.k gksrs gSaA iq"iksals cus vkHkw"k.k
vkdkj&izdkj vkfnesa] ef.k vkSj Lo.kZ vkfn kkrqvksals cus
vkHkw"k.kksals fdlh Hkh rjg de ugha gksrs&
() fdjhVe~
(eqdVq )
jf.kh&gse;wFkhfHkuZoekyh&lqekfyfHk%
A
k`fr&ekf.kD;xksesneqsUnqef.kdkfUrfHk%
A
foU;LrkfHk;ZFkk'kksHkekfHk% lq"Bq fofuere~
33
Hkkokuqoknekf.kD;] xksesn (yglfu;k)] eqk vkSj pUdkUr

ef.k;ksads leku o.kZokys jfuh (uhy)] Lo.kZ;wFkh (lksu twgh)]
uoekfydk (pesyh) vkSj lqekfydk (nqigfj;k) vkfn iq"iksadks
fuiq.krkiwoZd la;ksftr djds brus lqUnj <ls fdjhV cuk;k tkrk
gS fd og ns[kusesa m ef.k;ksadh 'kksHkk tSlh mTToyrkdks gh
izdkf'kr djrk gS
rlIrf'k[ka
gsedsrdhdksjdPNnS%A
fp=dSkkZrqfHkf'p=Sf'pkgkfj
gjsfjne~
fdjhVa iq"iikjk[;a jRuikjknfi fiz;e~A
xkUkokZr% r ;L; yfyrk lef'k{kr
rkq ipf'k[ka iq"iS% ipo.kSZofuere~A
dksjdSjfi xkUkokZHkw"k.ka eqdqVa Hkosr~
Hkkokuqokn;g fdjhV lqo.kZ dsrdh iq"ids dksjd (dyh)]
i= rFkk j&fcjs xSfjd vkfn kkrqvksals fojfpr] lIrf'k[kk
fof'k"V gksrk gSA ;g fdjhV eLrddk Hkw"k.k gS rFkk Jh".kdks
vR;fkd fiz; gSA vfkd D;k dgw ] ;g Hkw"k.k iq"i&Hkw"k.kksaesa
loZJs"B gksusds dkj.k iq"iikj ukels Hkh izfl gSA ;g loZJs"B
jRuksals Hkh vfkd fiz; gSA bldh jpuk Jhyfyrk l[khus xkUkokZ
Jherh jkkkls HkyhHkkfr lh[kh gSA Jhyfyrknsoh Jherh jkkkds
fy, Hkh ikp jds iq"i vkSj dksjdksa (dfy;ksa) }kjk ikp
pwMsokyk fdjhV cukrh gS&
() ckyik';k
(ckyksadh pksVhesa kkj.kdh tkusokyh Qwyksadh yM+h)
ds'kcUkuMksjh p fofp=S% dksjdkfnfHk%A

vkofy xqfEQrk xk<a ckyik';sfr dhkrk
Hkkokuqoknckyik'k vFkkZr~ ds'kksadh 'kksHkk c<+kusokyk gksusds
dkj.k bldk uke ckyik';k gSA ckyik';k Hkh ekykdh gh rjg
34
j&fcjh dfy;ksadks ,dlkFk xwFkdj cuk;k tkrk gS] bls ds'k

ckkusokyh Mksjh Hkh dgrs gSa
() d.kZiwj%
(d.kZ&Hkw"k.k)
rkVa dq.Mya iq"ih d.kdk d.kZos"Vue~A

bfr ipfok% izks% d.kZiwjks= f'kfYifHk%
Hkkokuqoknf'kYih yksx d.kZiwj (dkuds Hkw"k.k) dks ikp
Hkkxksaesa foHk djrs gSaA ;FkkrkV] dq.My] iq"ih] d.kdk vkSj
d.kZo"s Vu
(d) rkVe~
rkyi=kfrHkwZ"kk rkV% l f}kksfnr%A

fp=iq"ir% Lo.kZdsrdhnytLrFkk
Hkkokuqoknrkyi=ds leku fn[kk;h nsusokyk vkHkw"k.k rkV
nks izdkjdk gksrk gS() j&fcjs iq"iksa }kjk jfpr rFkk
() Lo.kZo.kZds dsrdh iq"iksadh ia[kqfM+;ksa }kjk jfpr
([k) dq.Mye~
e;wjedjkEHkkst&'k'kkkkZfnlfkHke~ A
Lokuq:iS% ra iq"iS% dq.Mya cgqkksfnre~
Hkkokuqokne;wj] exjePN] dey rFkk vkZpU vkfnds
leku fn[kk;h nsusokys iq"iksals fuer vkHkw"k.kksadks dq.My dgrs gSaA
;s cgqr izdkjds gksrs gSa
(x) iq"ih
prqoZ.kSZ% ekr~ iq"iS'pokyr;k r%A

e;s i;kZIrxqtks;a LrodS% iqf"idksP;rs
Hkkokuqoknpkj izdkjds fHkk&fHkk jksokys iq"iksadks eiwoZd
poky vFkkZr~ xksykdkjesa xwFkusls iq"ih curh gSA bl d.kZ&Hkw"k.kds
35
e;esa ;Fkksfpr ifjek.kesa xqtk }kjk cuk;k x;k Lrod vFkkZr~

xqtkdk xqPNk Hkh yVdrk jgrk gS
(?k) d.kdk
jkthod.kdk;k'p ihriq"iSofuerkA
Hk`fdknkfMehiq"iizksre;k= d.kdk
Hkkokuqokndey iq"idh d.kdkds pkjksa vksj ihys jds
iq"iksadks xwFkdj d.kdk cuk;h tkrh gSA blds e;esa Hk`h iq"i
vkSj vukjdk iq"i xwFkk tkrk gS
() d.kZos"Vue~
;kq d.k os"V;fr o`ka rr~ d.kZos"Vua

Hkkokuqokntks xksykdkj dq.My dkuksadks lc vksjls ?ksjs
jgrk gS] mls d.kZos"Vu dgrs gSa
() yykfVdk
(lhekUr ns'k vFkkZr~ ekxls gksrs gq, eLrdij yVdusokyk vkHkw"k.k)
f}o.kZiq"ijfprk f}ik'okZ 'kks.ke;ekA

vydkofyewyLFkk iq"iikVh yykfVdk
HkkokuqoknyykfVdk nks jokys Qwyksa }kjk curh gSA blds
nks ik'oZ gksrs gSa rFkk bldk e; Hkkx yky jdk gksrk gSA ;g
vydkoyhds vFkkZr~ yykVds ,dne ij fLFkr ds'kksads ewyns'kesa
vofLFkr rFkk iq"iksadh ifjikVhls ;q gksrk gS
() xzSos;de~
(d.BHkw"k.k)
okqZyk'p prqxzhZok dkSlqE;ks ;= dksf"Bdk%A

r}.kZiq"idSeZ;a Ks;a xzSos;dLrq rr~
Hkkokuqokn,d gh izdkjds iq"iksals cus] e;esa yrk&irkvksals
lq'kksfHkr] xysesa xksykdkj pkj ekykvksadh Hkkfr fn[kk;h nsusokys
vkHkw"k.kdks xzSos;d dgrs gSa
36
() vne~
(dksguhds ij Hkqtkesa igus tkusokyk cktqcUn uked vkHkw"k.k)
DyÌriq"iyrkrUrq&izksrSeZ.Myrka xrS%A
f=o.kksiZ ;qiZ ;qIZ rf=iq"ikuuene~
Hkkokuqoknrhu fHkk&fHkk jds iq"iksadks ,dds ckn ,d

djds] xksykdkj yrkds vkdkjessa xwFkdj tks vkHkw"k.k cuk;k tkrk
gS] mls vn dgrs gSa
() dkph
(dfVHkw"k.k)
{kq>Yyfjlaohrk fp=xqEQ&djfEcrkA
ipo.kSZojfprk dqlqeS% dkfp#P;rs
HkkokuqoknNksVh&NksVh >kyjksl
a s lqlfTtr] ikp rjgds j&fcjs
iq"iksadks feyk&tqykdj cuk;s x;s vfr vqr vkHkw"k.kdks dkph
dgrs gaS
() dVd%
(uwiqj o ik;y)
dqMoÙrSyZrkrUrkS izksrSjsdSd'kLrq ;%A

dfYirks fofokS% iq"iS% dVdk cgqkksfnrk%
Hkkokuqoknvusd izdkjds iq"iksadh dfy;ksa vkSj oÙrksa (fdlh
Qy ;k iksds MaBy) dks yrklwrksaesa ,d&,d djds xwFkusls dVd
curk gSA dVd cgqr izdkjds cuk;s tk ldrs gSa
() ef.kcUkuh
(gkFkdk daxu)
prqoZ.kZizlwuk xqPNyfEcf=kkfjdkA
djMksjh dqlqetk dhkrk ef.kcUkuh
37
Hkkokuqoknef.kcUkuh pkj fHkk&fHkk jksaokys iq"iksals cuk;h

tkrh gS] blesa iq"iksals cuh rhu yfM+;k yVdrh jgrh gSA bldks
gkFkdh Mksjh (fookg lw=) Hkh dgrs gSa
() gald%
(pj.kksadk vkHkw"k.k)
i`Fkqyk p prq%k`h iq"ik`kV&yfEcdkA

ik'osZ lkSeulk xqEQk% LQqjfUr galdks Hkosr~
Hkkokuqoknpj.kksads ijh rFkk pkjksa vksjds Hkkxdks vPNh
rjgls <d ysusokyk lqUnj :ils xwFkk x;k og vkHkw"k.k] ftlesa
izkku&izkku iq"iksadh NksVh&NksVh yfM+;k yVdrh jgrh gSa] gald
dgykrk gS
() dpqyh
(dkpksyh o pksyh)
"kM~o.kZiq"ifoU;kl&lkS"Bosukfrfpf=rk A
dLrwjhokflrk d.ByfEcxqPNk= dpqyh
HkkokuqoknvR;fkd dkS'kyds lkFk Ng jksds iq"iksals cus
gq,] ije vqr 'kksHkkls ;q] dLrwjhdh xUkls lqokflr rFkk
iq"iksads }kjk cuk;h x;h yfM+;ksals xysesa yVdusokys iq"i&fuer
k`kjdks dpqyh dgrs gSa
() N=e~
(N=)
'kqDyS% lw{e'kykdkfyi;qZIrS% dqlqeS% re~A

Lo.kZ;wFkhfprPN=n.Ma
N=eqnh;Zrs
HkkokuqoknydM+hdh cuh iryh&iryh lh[kksadks lQsn jds
iq"iksadh yfM+;ksa rFkk ydM+hls cus M.Ms (eqB) dks Lo.kZtwgh uked
iq"iksals ltkdj N= rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS
38
() 'k;ue~
('k;k)
pEidk'kksd&i;kZIr eYyhxqfEQrxs.MqdkA
uoekyhrk rwyh foLrh.kkZ 'k;ua Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknpEid] v'kksd vkSj vfkd ek=kesa efYydk
(pesyh) ds iq"iksadks xwF kdj rfd;k rFkk uoefYydk (dksey&dksey
pesyh) ds iq"iksadh yfM+;ksa }kjk nh?kkZdkj xk cuk;k tkrk gS
() mYyksp%
(frjiky)
lwphokiln`d~
fp=iq"ifoU;klfuer%A
[kf.MrS% dsrdhi=S% i.kZoku~ efYyyfEcfHk%
HkkokuqoknfueZy tydh Hkkfr LoPN vkSj fofp= efYydkds
iq"iksadh yfM+;k cukdj mUgsa [k.M&[k.M dsrdhdh i[kqfM+;ksaesa
>qykdj mYyksp izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA bldh 'kksHkk c<+kusds fy,
blij vkSj Hkh vusd izdkjds j&fcjs iq"iksa }kjk ltkoVdh
tkrh gS
() pUkri%
(pknks;k)
ik'osZ p lqQyUeqkflUkqokjdykide~A
e;yfEcuokEHkkst'pUkri
brh;Zrs
Hkkokuqoknftlds pkjksa vksj eqkds leku fn[kk;h nsusokys
flUkqokj iq"ilewgdh yfM+;k nhfIreku gksrh gS rFkk ftldss e;esa
u;s&u;s f[kys gq, deyds iq"iksadh yfM+;k uhpsdh vksj yVdrh
jgrh gSa] mls pUkri dgrs gSa
() os'e
(x`g)
'kjdk.MS% rLrEHka fp=iq"ikfnlao`rS%A

iq"iS% rprq%[kf.M fofokSosZ'e Hk.;rs
39
Hkkokuqoknfofp= iq"iksals lqlfTtr 'kjd.Msds n.Mls pkj

LrEHk cukdj pkj dksuksaesa yxkusds mijkUr vusd izdkjds os'e
rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSa] ftUgsa pkjksa vksjls fofok izdkjds iq"iksals
ltk;k tkrk gS
() fo'kk[kk
fo'kk[kk uorks Hkk fiz;ueZl[kh erkA
v[k.Mk{kh.keU=s;a xksfoUns ueZdeZdk
ifjKkrkFkZn;k
cqfnwR;SddksfonkA
lkfEu dkUnidksik;s nkus Hksns p is'kyk
HkkokuqoknJhfo'kk[kk uohuk (f[kys&f[kys vksaokyh)] lcls
vfkd eyLo:fi.kh] fiz; ueZl[kh rFkk ifjiw.kZ LoHkkok (lcdqN
djusesa leFkZ) gSaA ;s v[k.M ,oa vO;FkZ ijke'kZ nsusokyh gSaA
JhxksfoUnds le{k ifjgkliw.kZ opuksadks cksyusesa vR;fkd leFkZ gSaA
Jhjkkk".kds n;ds Hkkoksadks le>usesa fo'ks"k l{ke rFkk cqfiwoZd
nwrhdk dk;Z djusesa vR;fkd dq'ky gSaA dUniZ lEcUkh lHkh
mik;ksa vFkkZr~ uk;ddks fdl izdkj ukf;dkds fudV ysdj vkuk
gS] bl fo"k;esa ikyudh tkusokyh lHkh uhfr;ksa vFkkZr~ lke
(le>kSrk&okkkZ)] nku (uk;ddks fofHkk izyksHku nsuk) rFkk Hksn
(QwV Myokus) vkfndks HkyhHkkfr tkurh gSa&
i=Hkkfnjpus ekY;kihMkfnxqEQusA
fofp=loZrksHke.Mykfn fofuerkS
ukukfofp=lw=s.k lqfpjizf;klq pA
lw;kZjkkulkexzhlkkus p fop{k.kk%
fofp=ns'kh;xhrs
lqn{kk
kqzinkfn"kqA(d)
HkkokuqoknJhfo'kk[kk i=Hk vFkkZr~ xSfjd vkfn kkrqvksals

lkSUn;Z o`fds fy, fofHkk vksaij csy&cwVs vkfnds vkdkjdh
eueksgd fp=dkjh djus] ekyk vkSj vkihM+ (pwM+sesa yxk;h
tkusokyh ekyk,) vkfn xwFkus] ^loZrksHke.My* vFkkZr~ fp=&fofp=
40
jksa }kjk }kj vkfn ij cuk;s tkusokys eye; e.My (jksyh)

vkfnds fuekZ.k djus vFkok dkO;&'kkL=ds fp=dkO;&izdj.kesa
o.kr ^loZrksHke.My* uked fofp= dkO;&jpuk 'kSyh }kjk cM+h
cqfekuhiwoZd fofp= lw=ksads ek;els {k.k&{k.kesa vqr dq'kyrk
izn'kr djrs gq, nks vFkZokyh dforkvksads fuekZ.k djus] 'kCnksads
tkyesa Qlkus vkfn tSls dk;Z djus] lw;Z iwtkdh fofok
lkefxz;ksadks izLrqr djus] fofHkk ns'kksadh Hkk"kkvksads xhr vkSj kzqin
vkfn xku rFkk dfork, fy[kusesa lqn{k gSa&(d)
jkofy
iz H k` r ;ks
;k%
l[;f'p=dks f onk%([k)
ekkoh&ekyrh&pUjs[kk|k
vky;LrFkkA
;k'p oL=kfkdkfj.;% l[;ks nkL;'p lEerk%
;k
oU;nsO;fkrk%
lokZuUnpeRrkSA
;k'p
izlwuo`{ks"kq
l[;ksfkfrekfJrk%A
ekfydk|k'p ;kLrklq lokZLo;{krka xrk%
HkkokuqoknJhfo'kk[kk nsoh fp=&fofp= dFkksidFkuesa ije
n{k jofy vkfn vkB lf[k;ksa] ekkoh] ekyrh vkSj pUjs[kk
vkfn lf[k;ksa] oL=&lsok vfkdkfj.kh lf[k;ksa vkSj nkfl;ksa] lHkh
izkf.k;ksadks vkuUn iznku djus vkSj vk'p;kZfUor djusokyh
ounsfo;ksa] iq"iksaokys o`{kksaesa vfkdkj kIr ekfydk vkfn lf[k;ksadh
v;{k gSa([k)&
() pEidyrk
vfHkKk pEidyrk nwR;rU=&iz?kdsA
fuxw<+kjEHklEHkkjk okpks;qffo'kkjnk
mik;su ifVEuk p izfri{kkid"kZr~A(d)
HkkokuqoknpEidyrk nkSR;&eU=.kkesa vfHkK gSaA ;s vius
}kjk fd;s tkusokys dk;Zds ms';dks lnk xksiu j[krh gSa rFkk
;qfiw.kZ opu dgusesa ije prqj gSaA dk;Zdks fl djus rFkk
41
iVqrkds fo"k;esa izfri{kokyksadk vid"kZ fn[kykdj vius i{kds

mRd"kZdks lkfkr djusokyh gSa&(d)
Qy&izlwu&dUnkuka lUkkuizf;kfokkS ([k)
gLr&pkrq;Zek=s.k ukuke`.e;&fuerkSA
"kMlkuka ijh{kk;ka lwn'kkL=s p dksfonk
flrksRiyfriVqe"VgLrsfr
foJqrkA(d)
HkkokuqoknpEidyrk Qy] Qwy vkSj dUn&ewydks bdk

djus rFkk muds O;ogkjds fo"k;esa fo'ks"k iVq gSaA gkFkksads
pkrq;Zek=ls ukuk izdkjdh eÙe; (feh }kjk cuk;h tkusokyh)
oLrqvksadh jpuk djusesa bUgsa flgLrrk izkIr gSA ;s dM+ok] d"kk;]
rh[kk] [kk] ehBk vkSj uedhubu Ng izdkjds jlksadh ijh{kk
djus rFkk lwn'kkL= vFkkZr~ Hkkstu cukusdh fofk;ksadh lEiw.kZ :ils
tkudkjh nsusokys 'kkL=ksaesa if.Mrk gaS rFkk feJh }kjk fofp=
vkdkjds fe"Bku izLrqr djusesa bruh iVq gaS fd ;s blh dkj.kls
fe"VgLrk ukels tkuh tkrh gS(d)&(d)
ikSjxO;'p ipus ;k% l[;ks nkfldk'p ;k%([k)
dqjk{khizHk`r;% l[;ks ;k v"Vla[;dk%A
ldys"kq qeyrkxqYes"ofkrk'p ;k%A
l[khizHk`r;% lokZ% lEizkIrk;{krkelkS
HkkokuqoknJhpEidyrk nwkls cuh lkefxz;ksd
a ks izLrqr djusokyh
lf[k;ksa vkSj nkfl;ksa] dqjk{kh vkfn vkB lf[k;ksa] oztds o`{k]
yrk vkSj xqYe vkfndh ns[kHkky djusokyh xksfi;ksadh v;{k
gSa([k)&
() fp=k
fp=k fofp=pkrq;kZ loZ=klkS
;kusfHklj.kkfHk[;s "kM~xq.kL;
izosf'kuhA
r`rh;ds
42
ys[ksihfrfoKkus
n`f"Vek=kr~ ifjp;s
ukukns'kh;Hkkf"krsA
ekq{khjkfnoLrqu%
dkpHkktufuekZ.ks
rUe;ksefofuerkSA
T;ksfr%'kkL=s i'kqozkr&fo|k;ka dkeZ.ksfi p
o`{kksipkj 'kkL=s p fo'ks"kkr~ ikVoa xrkA
jlkuka ikudknhuka lq"Bq&fuekZ.kdeZf.k
Hkkokuqoknfp=k viuh vqr prqjrkls lHkh dk;ksdks djusesa
n{k gSaA vfHklj.kds Ng xq.kksaesals() rhljs xq.k ;kuesa] ys[ku&dk;Zesa]
bfr foKku vFkkZr~ lsrds }kjk vius euds Hkkoksadks O;
djuseas] fHkk&fHkk ns'kksadh Hkk"kk cksyusesa] 'kgn vkSj nwk vkfnls
cus idokuksads xq.kksadks ,d gh n`f"Vesa igpkuusesa] dkpds crZu
cukusesa] muesa tyrj tSls Lojksadks mRik djus vFkkZr~ dkpls
cus gq, lkr crZuksaesa fHkk&fHkk Lrjksa rd ty Hkjdj lk&js&xk&ek
vkfn Loj ygfj;ksadks mRik djusesa] T;ksfr"k&'kkL=esa] i'kqvksadh
ns[kHkky vFkok j{kkls lEcfUkr fo|kesa] o`{kksadh j{kk vkSj mudh
ns[kHkky djus lEcUkh 'kkL=ksaesa ije n{k rFkk ikud vFkkZr~ ikuk
;k 'kjcr vkfn ikuh; O;ksadks izLrqr djusesa fo'ks"k iVq
gSa&
()
(uk;d vkSj ukf;dkds izsedks uouok;eku cuk;s j[kusds
fy, lf[k;ksa }kjk O;ogkj fd;s tkusokys uhfrds Ng xq.k)
lfUkokZ foxzgks ;kueklua }S?kEokJ;%
() lfUk (uk;d vkSj ukf;dkdk feyu djkuk)] () foxzg
(dkj.k&vdkj.k uk;d vkSj ukf;dkesa izse&dyg djkuk)] () ;ku
(ukf;dkdk i{k ysdj uk;d vFkok foi{kij vke.k djuk)] () vklu
(nksuksa i{kksa vFkkZr~ uk;d vkSj foi{kdh lf[k;ksads f;k&dykiij iSauh n`f"V
j[krs le; fu'ps"V gksdj voLFkku djuk)] () }Sk (izcy i{kds le{k
nqcZy i{kokyksadk leiZ.k)] () vkJ; ('k=q }kjk mRihfM+r gksusij cyoku~
i{kdk vkJ; xzg.k djuk)A
fdlh&fdlh LFkkuij bUgsa lke] nku] n.M] Hksn vkfnds :iesa Hkh o.kZu
fd;k tkrk gSA
43
v"VkS jlkfydk|k% L;q% ;k% l[;% ifjdhkrk%A

;k'p is;kfkdkfj.;% l[;ks nkL;'p lEerk%
fnO;kS"kkhuka izk;s.k ghukuka dqlqekfnfHk%A
rFkk ouLFkyhukp fo#kkpkfkdkfjrke~A
yCkk% l[;kn;ks ;k'p r=S"kk;{krka xrk
HkkokuqoknJhfp=k l[kh jlkfydk vkfn ukels izfl vkB
lf[k;ksa] is;&O; vkfn izLrqr djusokyh lf[k;ksa vkSj nkfl;ksa] lc
le; fnO; vkS"kfk vkfn ,df=r djusokyh] iq"i&jfgr o`{kksadh
j{kk djusokyh] ouLFkyh rFkk fofHkk yrkvksadk ;ku j[kusokyh
lf[k;ksadh v;{k gSa&
() rqfo|k
rqfo|k rq fo|kuke"Vkn'kr;kaf'krkA
lUkkorho dq'kyk ".kfoJEHk'kkfyuh
Hkkokuqoknrqfo|k v"Vkn'k fo|kvksaesa() ikjr gSA ;s
;qxy fd'kksjdk feyu djkusesa fo'ks"k dq'ky rFkk Jh".kdh
fo'okl ik=h gS
jl'kkL=s u;s ukVs ukVdk[;kf;dkfn"kqA
loZxkUkoZfo|k;kekpk;Zdeqikxrk
fo'ks"kkUekxZxhrknkS
oh.kk;U=kfnif.MrkA(d)
HkkokuqoknxkUkoZfo|k (lhr dyk) dh vkpk;Z inohij

vk:<+ rqfo|k jl'kkL=] uhfr'kkL=] ukV'kkL= (u`R; dyk)]
ukVd vkSj vk[;kf;dk vFkkZr~ lqlr dgkuh lqukus vFkok f'k{kk
()
v"Vkn'k fo|k,() Xosn] () lkeosn] () ;tqoZsn] () vFkoZosn]

() f'k{kk] () dYi] () O;kdj.k] () fu#] () T;ksfr"k]
() kkrqx.k] () osnkUrn'kZu] () ehekalkn'kZu] () U;k;n'kZu]
() oS'ksf"kdn'kZu] () lka[;n'kZu] () ikrtyn'kZu] () iqjk.k
vkSj () /keZ'kkL=A
44
nsuo
s kyh dfYir dFkk dgus vkSj fo'ks"kdj lhrdh jkx&jkfxfu;ksads
xku vkSj oh.kk;U= vkfn ctkusesa ije if.Mrk gSa&(d)
etqeskkn;% l[;ks ;k v"VkS ifjdhkrk%([k)
;k nwR;% dq'kyk% lUkkS "kM~xq.kL;kfnes xq.ksA
lhrj'kkyk;ka ;k% l[;ksfkr xrk%
eknZfD;% dykoR;ks ukZdh&izeq[kk'p ;k%A
oÙnkoukUrjLFks"kq tys"ofkrk'p ;k%A
l[;'p tynsO;'p r=S"kk;{krka xrk
HkkokuqoknJhrqfo|knsoh etqeskk vkfn vkB izfl lf[k;ksa]
"kM~xq.kds() izFke xq.k lfUk djkusokyh lqiVq nwfr;ksa] lhr vkSj
j'kkykesa vfkdkj izkIr djusokyh xksfi;ksa] e`nok|] pkSlB
dykvksads izn'kZu vkSj u`R; djusokyh n{k xksfi;ksa rFkk oÙnkoudh
fofHkk kkjkvksa] >juksa vkfnls ty ,df=r djusokyh lf[k;ksadh
v;{k gSa([k)&
() bUnqys[kk
bUnqys[kk HkosUeYyk ukxrU=kseU=dsA
foKkuL; p eU=sfi lkeqd&fo'ks"kfor~
HkkokuqoknbUnqys[kk ukxrU=ks lHkh eU=ksadks HkyhHkkfr tkurh
gSA dsoy ;gh ugha] mu eU=ksadks O;ogkj djusesa Hkh ije fuiq.k
rFkk fo'ks"k djds lkeqfd 'kkL= (gLrjs[kkvksadks ns[kdj 'kqHkk'kqHk
Qy dgusdh fo|k) dks lEiw.kZ :ils tkuusokyh gS
gkjkfnxqEQus fp=s
loZjRuijh{kk;ka
nUrjtudeZf.kA
iMksjkfnxqEQus
ys[ks lkSHkkX;eU=L; dkS'kya ;qts k`re~A

vU;ksU;jkxeqRik| lkSHkkX;a tu;s}je~
()
'yksd la[;k "VO;
45
HkkokuqoknbUnqys[kk fofp= gkj vkfn cukrh gS] nUr jtu

dk;Z djrh gSA lc izdkjds jRuksadh ijh{kk djus] i Mksj vkfn
xwFkus rFkk lkSHkkX; mfnr djkusokys eU=ksads ;U= (tarj vFkok
xaMk) cukusdh dq'kyrk Hkh buds djryxr gSA ;s Jhjkkk vkSj
Jh".kesa ,d&nwljsds izfr vuqjkx mRik djkdj ijeksR"V
lkSHkkX;dk foLrkj djkrh gS&
rqHkkn;LRoL;k% l[;% L;q% izR;uUrjk%A
;kLrq lkkkj.kk nwR;ks };ks% ikfyfUkdkn;%
rklka jgL;okkkZukfe;a Hkkturka xrkA
vykjs"kq os'ks"kq dks"kj{kkfokkS p ;k
l[;ks nkL;sI;fkrk ;k'p oÙnkoukUrjsA
LFkys"ofkrk ;k'p rkLo;{kr;k fLFkrk
HkkokuqoknbUnqys[kk rqHkk vkfn vuqxr lf[k;ksa] lans'kdks
ykus&ys tkusokyh Jhjkkk".kdh ikfyfUkdk vkfn dqNsd lkkkj.k
nwfr;ksa] jgL;iw.kZ okkkZvksadks tkuusokyh xksfi;ksa] vykj] os'kjpuk
vkSj dks"kj{kkesa fu;q lf[k;ksa rFkk oÙnkouds fofHkk je.kh;
LFkkuksadk vfkdkj izkIr djusokyh lf[k;ksadh v;{k gSa&
() jnsoh
jnsoh lnkskqk gkosfr&rjf.khA
".kkxzsfi fiz;l[kh&ueZdkSrwgyksRlqdk
Hkkokuqoknjnsoh lnSo mkqk vFkkZr~ xkSjoesa mUek gksdj
gko] Hkko vkSj bfrdh rjf.kh :fi.kh gSA ;s lsr okD;ksads
ukuk :iksa (rjksa) dks NyiwoZd izLrqr djusokyh gSaA vfkd
D;k] ;s Jh".kds le{k gh Jhjkkkds lkFk gkl&ifjgkl rFkk
ueZ&dkSrwgy djusesa mRlqdrk izdkf'kr djrh gSa
"kkM~xq.;L; xq.ks rq;sZ ;qfoSf'k"VekfJrkA
".kL;kd"kZ.ka eU=a rilk iwoZeh;w"kh
46
HkkokuqoknNg xq.kksaesal()
s prqFkZ xq.k vkluesa rFkk oSf'k"Viw.kZ
;qf;ksadks O; djusokyh gSaA bUgksaus viuh riL;k }kjk Jh".kdks
vkd"kr djusokyk eU= izkIr fd;k gS
fofp=s " ojkxs " kq xUk;q fokkS p ;k%A
dyd.Bh&izHk`r;% l[;ks"VkS ;k% izdhkrk%
l[;ks nkL;sI;fkrk ;k'p kwiu&deZf.kA
f'kf'kjskjkkfj.;LrikkZofi
ohtus
vkj.;ds"kq
i'kq"kq
l[kh&izHk`r;ks ;k'p
ds'kfj"kq
e`xkfn"kqA
r=S"kk;{krka xrk
Hkkokuqoknjnsoh csy&cwV ns kj vjkx rFkk xUk;q oLrqvksadks

yxkus tSls nkf;Roiw.kZ lsokdks izkIr djusokyh dyd.Bh vkfn
v"V lf[k;ksa] kwinku] 'khrdkyesa vfXu izToyu] xzh"edkyesa
pkej O;tu rFkk tyesa fopj.k djusokys lg vkSj e`x vkfn
i'kqvksaij utj j[kus tSls lsok&dk;ksesa O;Lr lf[k;ksa vkSj
nkfl;ksadh v;{k gSa&
() lqnsoh
lqnsoh ds'klaLdkja fiz;l[;kLrFkktue~A
vlEokgua pkL;k% dqoZrh ik'oZxk lnk
Hkkokuqoknlqnsoh l[kh fujUrj viuh f; l[kh Jhjkkkds
fudV jgrh gSa rFkk muds (jkkkds) ds'k laLdkj] us=ksaesa vtu
iznku rFkk v&laokgu vkfn tSlh lsok, djrh gSa
'kkfjdk&'kqdf'k{kk;ka ukSdk dqDdqV[ksyusA
Hkwfj&'kkdqu'kkL=s p i{;kfn#rckskus
pUksn;kZiq"ikfn ofUgfo|kfokkofiA
m}kZufo'ks"ks p lq"Bq dkS'kyekxrk
()
'yksd la[;k "VO;
47
Hkkokuqoknlqno
s h l[kh 'kqd&lkjh (rksrk&eSuk) dks Jhjkkk".kds
xq.kksadk xku djusdh f'k{kk iznku djus] ukSdkds [ksy vFkkZr~
ukSdkdks xgjs ikuhesa ys tkusesa lqn{k O;f;ksa vFkok rsthls ukSdk
pykusokys O;f;ksads lkFk izfrLikkZ bR;kfn djus] eqxksds [ksydh
O;oLFkk djus] 'kdqu 'kkL= vFkkZr~ T;ksfr"k 'kkL=ds vUrZxr 'kqHk
vkSj v'kqHk fpksadh ifrdks tkuus] i'kq vkSj if{k;ksadh Hkk"kk
le>us] pUksn;ds le; f[kyusokys iq"iksadks igpkuus] vfXufo|k
vFkkZr~ lHkh voLFkkvksaesa vfXudks izTtofyr j[kus] vkfr'kckth
rFkk jks'kuh bR;kfndh O;oLFkk rFkk rsy&eZu (ekfy'k) djusesa
cgqr dq'ky gSa&
x.Mw"k{ksiik=s"kq xs.Mqds 'k;usfi pA
;k% dkosjheq[kk% l[;Lrk vL;k% izR;uUrjk%
Hkkokuqoknlqnsoh viuh vuqxr dkosjheq[kk vkfn lf[k;ksadks
x.Mw"k vFkkZr~ dqYyk vkfn djusds fy, ikksa }kjk cuk;s tkusokys
ihdnku vkSj iq"iksa }kjk cuk;s tkusokys rfd;s rFkk xksadks izLrqr
djusdh f'k{kk iznku djrh gSa
vkluL;kfkdkjs ;k% l[;ks nkL;'p lEerk%A
izfri{kkfnHkkokuka ;k Kkuk; pjfUr p
kwrkZ%
izfufk#is.k
ukukos'kkjk%
f;%A
;k'p if{k"kq oU;s"kq Nsds"ofkrkLrFkkA
l[;'p ounsO;'p r=S"kk;{krka xrk
Hkkokuqoknlqnsoh jkkk".kds cSBusds fy, lgklu vkfn
izLrqr djusds fy, fu;q dh x;h] foi{kdh xksfi;ksads Hkkoksadks
tkuusds fy, fopj.k djusokyh] vko';drk vuqlkj kwkZrk vkSj
vusd izdkjds os'k kkj.k djusokyh] oU;if{k;ksa ('kqd] dksfdy
vkfn) dh j{kk djusokyh rFkk ^Nsd* uked vuqizkl dkO;esa
fu;q jgusokyh lf[k;ksa] nkfl;ksa vkSj ounsfo;ksadh v;{k
gSa&
48
l[khuka fofHkkHkkok%
(lf[k;ksads fofHkk Hkko)
vFk f'kYi&fu;ksxknsoo`fr% f;rskqukA(d)

Hkkokuqoknvc lf[k;ksadh f'kYi dyk vkfn tSlh fofHkk
;ksX;rkvksadk fooj.k izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gS(d)
foxzgs xzfgyk% l[;% fi.Mds fuorf.Mdk([k)
iq.Mjhdk flrk[k.Mh pk#p.Mh lqnfUrdkA
vdqf.Brk dykd.Bh jkeph esfpdkn;%
Hkkokuqoknfi.Mdk] fuorf.Mdk] iq.Mjhdk] flrk[k.Mh] pk#p.Mh]
lqnfUrdk] vdqf.Brk] dykd.Bh] jkeph vkSj esfpdk vkfn
lf[k;k foxzg (ize
s &dyg) djkuseas gB djusokyh gS
a ([k)&
fi.Mdk
rkezka'kqdkfi dkUrHkk fi.Mds fuf'prkxee~A
f'y"VSoZpu'kkSfV;SZoyTt;fr
ekkoe~
Hkkokuqoknbu lHkh lf[k;ksaesa euksgj vdkfUrokyh fi.Mdk
rkez o.kZds oL= kkj.k djrh gSa rFkk fuf'pUr n;ls f'y"V (nks
vFkZokys) opuksads }kjk ekkodks yfTtr djrh gSa
forf.Mdk
gfjkHkk gfjPpsyk gfjfe=kf.k ;k fxjkA
forf.Mdk for.MkfHkuxzgS% LFkkueku;sr~
Hkkokuqoknforf.Mdkdh vdkfUr gfj;kyh fy;s ihys (vwj
vFkok rksrs tSls) jdh gS rFkk os mlh jds gh oL=ksadks kkj.k
djrh gSA ;s ok.khls gfjfe=k vFkkZr~ opuksals Jh".kds fudV fe=
tSlk vkpj.k djrh gS rFkk Jh".kds izfri{kokyh lf[k;ksadks
for.Mk (vius i{kdh LFkkiuk;q) opuksals jksddj Jhjkkk vkSj
mudh lf[k;ksadks Jh".kds fudV ykrh gSa
49
iq.Mjhdk
iq.Mjhdk iVa k`Rok iq.MjhdkftuPNfo%A
iq.MjhdkHkk rTtsZr~ iq.Mjhdk{kekxfl
Hkkokuqokniq.Mjhdk l[khds oL= rFkk vdkfUr iq.Mjhd
vFkkZr~ 'osr&ids leku 'kqHkz gaSA iq.Mjhdk vijkkdkjh iq.Mjhdk{k
Jhgfjdk iVkpy kkj.kdj rtZu&xtZu djrh gaS
flrk[k.Mh
f'k[kf.MuhfRo"kk xkSjhukEuk flrkEcjk lnkA
of dkfBU;ekkq;kZr~ flrk[k.Mhfr ;k gjs%
HkkokuqoknxkSjh uked l[khdh vdkfUr eksjuhds leku gSA
;s lnk lQsn oL= kkj.k djrh gSaA ;s dkfBU; ekkq;kZr~ vFkkZr~
ijls dBksj fdUrq ekqjHkko;q opu O;ogkj djrh gSaA blfy,
Jh".k bUgsa flrk[k.Mh dgdj iqdkjrs gSaA
flrk 'kCnls feJhdk cksk gksrk gS] og Lor% gh dBksj vkSj
rh{.k gksrh gSA dgusdk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd feJh ftl izdkj
vkikrr% eq[kesa dBksj cksk gkssusij Hkh xyLFk vkSj mnjLFk gksdj]
ekkq;Z vkSj fik&uk'k vkfn xq.kksadks izdkf'kr djrh gS] mlh izdkj
;g xkSjh uked l[kh Hkh ckgjls dBksj opu cksyusokyh izrhr
gksusij Hkh n;ls ekqj gksusds dkj.k flrk[k.Mh ukels fo[;kr
gS
pk#p.Mh
pk#p.Mh HkfxU;L;k% Hk`';kek rfM+RiVkA
pk#p.Mr;k okpka pk#p.Mhfr Hk.;rs
Hkkokuqoknflrk[k.Mhdh cgudk uke pk#p.Mh gSA budh
vdkfUr Hkzejds leku ';ke rFkk oL= fo|qrds leku lqugjh
gSaA ;s pk#p.Mr;k vFkkZr~ ijls eudks eksg ysusokys fdUrq
okLroesa vlguh; opuksadk O;ogkj djusds dkj.k pk#p.Mh ukels
fo[;kr gSa
50
lqnf.Mdk
lqnf.Mdk f'kjh"kkHkk dq#.VdfuHkkEcjkA
djks R ;q T ToyeI;s " kk ikVoS j leq T toye~
Hkkokuqoknlqnf.Mdk l[khdh vdkfUr f'kjh"k (flfjl o`{kds)
iq"ids leku rFkk oL= dqj.Vd iq"idh Hkkfr ihro.kZds gaSA ;s
vius rh{.k opuksads }kjk mTToy jldh ekqjrkdk foLrkj djrh
gS
a
vdqf.Brk
vdqf.BrkCtdk.MkHkk fo"kdk.MflrkEcjkA
vkx% ".kL; ;k of"V Lolekt&le`;s
Hkkokuqoknvdqf.Brk l[khdh vdkfUr iuky vFkkZr~
deydh MaMh tSlh rFkk oL= deydh rUrqe; tM+ tSls lQsn gSaA
;s Loi{kdh le`f vFkkZr~ vius i{kdh xksfi;ksads vkuUndks okr
djusds fy, Jh".kds vijkkdks O; djrh gSa
dykd.Bh
dykd.Bh dqyhiq"io.kZ{khjksndkEcjkA
of"V xkUkodkekua ;k gjs'pkVqdk~{k;k
Hkkokuqokndykd.Bh l[khdh vdkfUr dqyhiq"ids
gSA buds oL= nwk vkSj tyds feJ.kls cus gq, jds
'osro.kZds gSaA ;s Jhgfjds le{k Jhjkkkds ekudks izdkf'kr
gaS rFkk mUgsa ijke'kZ nsrh gSa fd os Jhjkkkds fudV
{kek&izkFkZuk djsa
leku
leku
djrh
tkdj
jkeph
jkeph yfyrk&kk;k% iq=h xkSj'kqdka'kqdkA
;;k
gfjnqZoZpksfHk#os
ifjgL;rs
Hkkokuqoknjkeph Jhyfyrkdh kk=hdh iq=h gSAa budh vdkfUr
xkSj o.kZdh gSA ;s 'kqddkfUrokys oL= kkj.k djrh gSA ;s vius
51
ifjgkle; nqokZD;ksa }kjk Jh".kdk vieku djds ije vkufUnr

gksrh gS
espdk
fi.Miq"i#fp% ik.Mqnqdwyk espdk lnkA
".kL; dq#rs O;ekxLrL;so ;k fxjk
Hkkokuqoknespdk fi.Miq"i tSlh vdkfUrokyh gS rFkk
lnSo ihys oL= kkj.k djrh gSA ;g Jh".kdk muds gh opuksals
vijkk O; djkrh gS
nwR;%
(nwrh vFkkZr~ laokn igqpkusokyh)
oÙnk oÙnkfjdk esyk eqjY;k|kLrq nwfrdk%A
dqtkfnlaLrkfHkKk o`{kk;qosZndksfonk%
o'khrLFkkuojk };ks% Lusgsu fuHkZjk%A
xkSjk~X;f'p=oluk oÙnk rklq ojh;lh
HkkokuqoknoÙnk] oÙnkfjdk] esyk rFkk eqjyh vkfn xksfi;k
nwrh dgykrh gSaA ;s lHkh jkkk".kdk feyu djkus gsrq lqUnj
:iesa cuk;s x;s dqt vkfndks ltkusesa ije vfHkKk rFkk
tM+h&cwVhdks igpkuusokyh vk;qosZndh ije if.Mrk gSaA
nwfr;k lHkh Js"B LFkkukssadks vius vfkdkjesa j[krh gSaA ;s
lHkh JhjkkkxksfoUnds Lusgls ifjiw.kZ] xkSjdkfUr rFkk j&fcjs
oL= kkj.k djusokyh gSa] bu lcesa oÙnk gh loZJ"s B gS&
vFk foxzg nwR;%

(Jhjkkk".kesa izse&dyg djkusokyh nwfr;k)
lkxzgk foxzgknkS L;qnwZR;% L[kfyr;kSouk%A

isVjh ok#Mh pkjh dksVjk dkyfVIiuh
52
e#.Mk eksjVk pwM+k pq.Mjh xksf.Mdkn;%A

fi.Mdsfy&iqjksxkuk ,rk% L;qoZuxk% lnk
HkkokuqoknisVjh] ok#M+h] pkjh] dksVjk] dkyfVIiuh] e#.Mk]
eksjVk] pwM+k] pq.Mjh] xksf.Mdk] fi.Mdsfy vkfn nwfr;k foxzg
(izse&dyg) vkfn dk;ksesa vkxzg j[kusokyh gSaA bu lcdk ;kSou
L[kfyr vFkkZr~ xrizk; gks pqdk gS rFkk ;s lc le; viuh izkku
lf[k;ksads vuqxr gksdj ouesa fopj.k djrh gSa&
isVjh
fo"kdk.MksietVk
isVjh
o`xqtZjhA
ok#fM+
ok#fM+xkZ#M+h os.khln`d~ fpdqjosf.kdk
HkkokuqoknisVjh o` xwtjh gSA budh tVk deydh rUrqe;
tM+ds leku LkQsn jdh gSA ok#fM+dh vdkfUr ejdr ef.k
(iks) ds leku gSA buds os.khc ds'k unh tyds izokgds leku
izrhr gksrs gSa
pkjh
dqpkjhHkfxuh pkjh ri%dkR;k;uh Le`rkA
dksVjh
vkHkhjh dksVjh tkR;k fryr.Mqyds'kHkkd~
Hkkokuqoknpkjh dqpkjhdh cgu gSA budks ri%dkR;k;uh Hkh
dgrs gSaA dksVjh tkfrls vkHkhj gS rFkk buds ds'k fryr.Mqyds
leku gSa vFkkZr~ dqN cky rks ids gq, (LkQsn) rFkk dqN viDo
(dkys) gSa
dfyfVIiuh
ifyrk ik.Mqfpdqjk jtdh dkyfVIiuhA
53
e#.Mk
e#.Mk eqf.Mrf'kjk% ik.MqjHkzwdqykfydk
HkkokuqokndfyfVIiuh tkfrls jtdh vFkkZr~ kksfcu gSA buds
ds'k cq<+kisds dkj.k lQsn vkSj ihys gaSA e#.Mkds fljij ds'k ugha
gSa] rFkk nksuksa Hkzwvksads ykse ihys jds gSa
touk
eksjVk
eksjVk
dk'kdqlqeksieewZtkA
pwM+k
pwM+kofyfnXkeq[kk yykVs ifyrksTToyk
HkkokuqokneksjVk touk vFkkZr~ cM+h rsthls pyus&fQjusesa
leFkZ gSaA buds ds'k dk'k uked ?kklds iq"ids leku mTToy gSaA
pwM+kofy (pwM+k uked nwrh) dk eq[k cq<+kisdh >qfj;ksads dkj.k
fldM+s gq, peZls vko`k gSA budk yykV lQsn ds'kksa }kjk
mTToy gS
pq.Mjh
pq.Mjh
iq.Mjhdk{krrkZtjrh
f}tkA
xksf.Mdk
xksf.Mds;a tjn~xks.Mh eq.Mik.Mqf'k[kksTToyk
Hkkokuqoknpq.Mjh vZo`k czk.kh gSa] iq.Mjhdk{k Jh".k
budk xq.kxku djrs gSaA xksf.Mdk fuEu tkfrdh vfkd vk;qokyh
cw<+h gS rFkk budk eLrd ihys jds ds'kksals mTToy gS
lfUknwR;%
(feyu djkusokyh nwfr;k)
pkrq;ZlfUkdq'kyk% f'konk lkSE;n'kZukA

lqizlknk lnk'kkUrk 'kkfUrnk dkfUrnkn;%
54
loZFkk yfyrknsoh thfork}LrqrLRoek%A

ekkoL; ijhokjs rL;kIrk bfr eU;rs
Hkkokuqoknf'konk] lkSE;n'kZuk] lqizlknk] lnk'kkUrk] 'kkfUrnk
rFkk dkfUrnk vkfn feyu djkusokyh nwfr;k gSaA ;s lHkh prqjrk
iwoZd lfUk djkusesa cgqr dq'ky rFkk Jhyfyrknsohds izk.kLo:i
gksusds dkj.k ekkods ifjokjesa budh fxurh fo'ks"k fo'okl&ik=ds
:iesa dh tkrh gSa&
xkUkokZ;ka izikk;ka dygkUrfjrka n'kke~A
yfyrs f reklk| gjs x Z . kr;k fLFkrk
HkkokuqoknJhjkkk ftl le; dygkUrfjrk() n'kkesa jgrh gSa]
ml le; Jhyfyrkds bfrls lfUk&nwfr;k Jh".kds x.kesa
voLFkku djus yxrh gSaA
Loh;sfr fk;k rsu ful`"Vk% i`Fkq;Rur%A
frrq"Vk futkHkh"Va lfUkeso lqefU=rk%
Hkkokuqoknviuh cqfls nwrhdk;Z :ih nkf;Rodks cgqr ;Ruiwod
Z
djrh gSaA vius lqUnj ijke'kZ }kjk Jh".kdks izlk djds vius
vHkh"V vFkkZr~ ;qxy&fd'kksjdk feyu djokrh gSa
fokk; lq"Bq xksfoUnkf}UnUR;% ikfjrksf"kde~A
;kfUroÙnkous'o;kZ%
izlknHkjik=rke~
Hkkokuqoknbl izdkj lq"Bq feyu djkds Jh".kls ikfjrksf"kd
izkIr djrh gSa rFkk oÙnkous'ojh Jhjkkkdh iw.kZ ik izkIr
djus;ksX; cu tkrh gS
jk?koh
ikSjoh
()
f'konk lkSE;n'kZuk lkseoa'ktkA

lqizlkns;a lnk'kkUrk rifLouh
lf[k;ksads lkeus vius iSjksaij iM+rs gq, izk.koYyHkdks ns[kdj Hkh tks
ukf;dk mUgsa cqjk&Hkyk dgrh gSa rFkk fu"ksk djrh gSa] mls dYkgkUrfjrk
ukf;dk dgrs gSaA
55
'kkfUrnkdkfUrns psfr Hkwfenso&dqyksosA

izlknknso nso"ksZjsrk okla ozts ;;q%
HkkokuqoknmfYyf[kr nwfr;ksaesa f'konk nwrh jk?koh vFkkZr~
j?kqoa'kesa mRik rFkk lkSE;n'kZuk nwrh pUoa'kdh gaSA lqizlknk
iq#oa'kesa mRik rFkk lnk'kkUrk rkil dU;k vFkkZr~ rifLouh
gSA 'kkfUrnk ,oa dkfUrnk czk.kdqyesa mRik gSaA bu lHkhdks
nso"k Jhukjndh ikls JhoÙnkouesa oklLFkku izkIr gqvk
gS&
f}rh;e.Mye~
(dqyds vUrxZr vkusokyh lf[k;ksads f}rh; izdkj e.Mydk o.kZu)
f}rh;ksLekUeuk~U;wuizsek L;kUe.Mykr~ iqj%A

lekle&izser;k
f}oxksZ;a
fux|rs
Hkkokuqokndqyds vUrxZr ('yksd la[;k "VO;) vkusokys
lf[k;ksads f}rh; izdkj :i e.Mydh lf[k;ksadk izse igys izdkj
vFkkZr~ lektdh lf[k;ksads izsedh rqyukesa dqN U;wu gSA bl
e.Myesa lf[k;ksads izseds vuq:i nks oxZ gSale vkSj vle
oxZ% fiz;l[khuka ;% leizsesR;lkS er%A
l f}kk L;kfkR;flks HkfflLrFkk Hkosr~
Hkkokuqoknfiz; lf[k;k leizse oxZds vUrxZr gSaA os Hkh iqu%
nks izdkjdh gSafuR;fl vkSj Hkfflf
fuR;fiz;k.kka r=kfi n'kdksfVferks x.k%A
leok;ks fu;qrkuka y{kSj"VkfHkjso p
Hkkokuqoknbuesa fuR;fl fiz; lf[k;ksads nl djksM+ x.k vkSj
vBkjg yk[k leok; gSa
;n"Vda
ijizs"Bl[khj"VkuqxPNfrA
cgo% lp;kLr= lgS% dksfi ip"kS%
56
Hkkokuqoknftu vkB ijeizs"B lf[k;ksadk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS]

muds vkuqxR;esa Hkh vkB&vkB lf[k;k lsok djrh gSaA buesa Hkh
cgqr izdkjds lp; vFkkZr~ ny Hksn gSaA mlesals dksbZ ny ikp
gtkj xksfi;ksa vkSj dksbZ Ng gtkj xksfi;ksadk gS
Hkosr~ df'pPprq%ip df'pfR=prqjSjfiA
dqrf'pfng lkkE;kZr~ izk;% L;kr~ lp;Sdrk
Hkkokuqokniqu% dksbZ ny pkj&ikp gtkj xksfi;ksa okyk rFkk
dksbZ rhu&pkj gtkj xksfi;ksa okyk gSA dgha&dgha bu lp;ksaesa
lkkE;Zo'kr% izk;% ,drk gS
lekt%
lp;ksusdSjs"kkI;sdlektrkA
Hkosr~ Lusgfo'ks"ks.k df'pr~ "kksM'kHkkfxg
Hkkokuqoknlp;ds vUrxZr vusd lekt gksusij Hkh og
lekt ,d gh gSA og lekt Lusgdh fo'ks"krkds dkj.k dgha&dgha
lksyg Hkkxksaesa foHk gS
o'kR;kfi rFkk ipo'krk ='krk rFkkA
pRokj'kn~;wFk% df'pnsoa ip'krk Hkosr~
HkkokuqokndksbZ lekt chl] dksbZ iPPkhl] dksbZ rhl] dksbZ
pkyhl rFkk dksbZ ipkl Hkkxksa (;wFkksa) esa foHk gksrk gS
"k"Vk df'pr~ lekt% L;kPprq%"k"VkfnfHkLrFkkA
prq%"k"VkfnfHkLr=
lektks;a
iziP;rs
HkkokuqokndksbZ lekt lkB rFkk dksbZ pkSlB Hkkxksaesa foHk
gksrk gSA vc pkSlB Hkkxkssaesa foHk lektdk foLr`r :ils o.kZu
fd;k tk jgk gS
}kH;ka f}=SfL=prqjkfnfHk'pkyhtuSHkZosr~A
loZHkkos.k lkkE;sZ lektksfi leUo;%
57
Hkkokuqoknbu pkSlB Hkkxksaesa fdlhesa nks] fdlhesa nks&rhu]

fdlhesa pkj lf[k;k gksrh gSaA leLr izdkjds leku keZ jgusds
dkj.k lektdks leUo; Hkh dgk tkrk gS
() yfyrk;k% l[;%
jRuizHkk jfrdyk lqHkk jfrdk rFkkA
lqeq[kh p kfu"Bk p dygalh dykfiuh
HkkokuqoknJhyfyrk l[khds vkuqxR;esa lsok djusokyh vkB
izeq[k lf[k;ksads uke() jRuizHkk] () jfrdyk] () lqHkk]
() jfrdk] () lqeq[kh] () kfu"Bk] () dygalh] ()
dykfiuh
() fo'kk[kk;k% l[;%
ekkoh ekyrh pUjsf[kdk dqtjh rFkkA
gfj.kh piykukEuh lqjfHk'p 'kqHkkuuk
HkkokuqoknJhfo'kk[kk l[khds vkuqxR;esa lsok djusokyh
vkB
izeq[k lf[k;ksads uke() ekkoh] () ekyrh] ()
pUjsf[kdk] () dqtjh] () gfj.kh] () piyk] () lqjfHk]
() 'kqHkkuuk
() pEidyrk;k% l[;%
dqjk{kh lqpfjrk e.Myh ef.kdq.MykA
pfUdk pUyfrdk itk{kh lqefUnjk
HkkokuqoknJhpEidyrk l[khds vkuqxR;esa lsok djusokyh
vkB izeq[k lf[k;ksads uke() dqjk{kh] () lqpfjrk] ()
e.Myh] () ef.kdq.Myk] () pfUdk] () pUyfrdk] ()
itk{kh] () lqefUnjk
() fp=k;k% l[;%
jlkfydk fryfduh 'kkSjlsuh lqxfUkdkA
jkfe.kh dkeuxjh ukxjh ukxosf.kdk
58
HkkokuqoknJhfp=k l[khds vkuqxR;esa lsok djusokyh vkB

izeq[k lf[k;ksads uke() jlkfydk] () fryfduh] ()
'kkSjlsuh] () lqxfUkdk] () jkfe.kh] () dkeuxjh] () ukxjh]
() ukxosf.kdk
() rqfo|k;k% l[;%
etqeskk lqekqjk lqe;k ekqjs{k.kkA
ruqe;k ekqLiUnk xq.kpwM+k ojknk
HkkokuqoknJhrqfo|k l[khds vkuqxR;esa lsok djusokyh
vkB izeq[k lf[k;ksads uke() etqeskk] () lqekqjk] ()
lqe;k] () ekqjs{k.kk] () ruqe;k] () ekqLiUnk] ()
xq.kpwM+k] () ojknk
() bUnqys[kk;k% l[;%
rq Hkk jlks kq k jokVh lq l rkA
fp=js[kk fofp=kh eksnuh enukylk
HkkokuqoknJhbUnqys[kk l[khds vkuqxR;esa lsok djusokyh
vkB izeq[k lf[k;ksads uke() rqHkk] () jlkskqk] ()
jokVh] () lqlrk] () fp=js[kk] () fofp=kh] () eksnuh]
() enukylk
() jnsO;k l[;%
dyd.Bh 'kf'kdyk deyk ekqjsfUnjkA
dUniZlqUnjh dkeyfrdk izseetjh
HkkokuqoknJhjnsoh l[khds vkuqxR;esa lsok djusokyh vkB
izeq[k lf[k;ksads uke() dyd.Bh] () 'kf'kdyk] () deyk]
() ekqjk] () bfUnjk] () dUniZlqUnjh] () dkeyfrdk] ()
ize
s etjh
() lqnsO;k l[;%
dkosjh pk#dojk lqds'kh etqdsf'kdkA
gkjghjk egkghjk gkjd.Bh euks g jk
59
HkkokuqoknJhlqnsoh l[khds vkuqxR;esa lsok djusokyh vkB

izeq[k lf[k;ksads uke() dkosjh] () pk#dojk] () lqds'kh]
() etqdsf'kdk] () gkjghjk] () egkghjk] () gkjd.Bh] ()
euksgjk
Jhjkkk;k v"Vl[;% (lEeksgurU=s)

(lEeksgurU=ds erkuqlkj Jhjkkkdh v"V lf[k;ksads uke)
yhykorh lkfkdk p pfUdk ekkoh rFkkA

yfyrk fot;k xkSjh rFkk uUnk izdhrrk
Hkkokuqoknyhykorh] lkfkdk] pfUdk] ekkoh] yfyrk]
fot;k] xkSjh vkSj uUnk
vU;k'pk"VkS
(mlh lEeksgurU=ds fdlh vU; LFkkuij o.kr
v"V lf[k;ksads uke)
dykorh jlorh Jherh p lqkkeq[khA

fo'kk[kk dkSeqnh ekkoh 'kkjnk pk"Veh Le`rk
Hkkokuqokndykorh] jlorh] Jherh] lqkkeq[kh] fo'kk[kk]
dkSeqnh] ekkoh rFkk 'kkjnk
jRuHkok%
,rk uksisf{krk mk fuR;kukeokkj.ksA
bR;srRifjokjk.kka
JhoÙnkouukFk;ks%A
vla[;kuka x.kf;rqa fn~ek=feg n'kre~
HkkokuqoknlEeksgurU=esa m ^jRuHkok* ukedh dksbZ Hkh l[kh
bl xzUFkesa misf{kr ugha gqbZ gS] cfYd os fuR; lf[k;ksads :iesa gh
fxuh x;h gaSA
oÙnkouukFk Jhjkkk".kdk ifjokj vla[; gS] rc Hkh x.kuk
dsoy fnXn'kZuek=ds fy, dh x;h gS
60
rYikkikurkEcwy&fgYyksyLFkkldkn;%
A
vU;sfi ;s fo'ks"kk% L;q% Lo;ewkLrq rs cqkS%
Hkkokuqokn'k;k] idoku] jlkyk vkSj rkEcqy izLrqr djus]
>wyk >qykus rFkk fryd jpuk vkfn tSlh vusdkusd lsokvksaeas
fu;q mu vla[; xksfi;ksads uke ftudk bl xzUFkesa o.kZu ugha gqvk
gS] og 'kq jfld Hkksads fy, foospuh; gSa vFkkZr~ os Lo;a gh
fofHkk 'kkL=ksaeas mfYyf[kr vU;kU; ifjdjksads uke tku tk;sax
s
yqIrreklhr~ i;k T;ksfr?kZV;so HkkuqeR;klkSA
:ifo"k;kfi n`f"V% ljlku~ 'kCnkuoSf{k"V
HkkokuqoknvUkdkj mifLFkr gksusij ftl izdkj :i vkfn
fo"k;ksadks xzg.k djusokyh n`f"V'kf foyqIr gks tkrh gS] fdUrq iqu%
pU] lw;Z vkfnds mfnr gksusij ogh n`f"V lHkh inkFkksdks ns[kusesa
leFkZ gks tkrh gSA mlh izdkj dky:i vUkdkjls JhJhjkkk".kds
ifjdjksads uke] :i vkfndk fo"k; ,d izdkjls foyqIr gks jgk
Fkk] fdUrq Hkxor~&ik:ih T;ksfriqtus us=ksads egksRlo:ih
JhJhjkkk".kds ifjdjksads uke] :i vkfndks 'kCnksads :iesa iqu%
izdkf'kr dj fn;k gS
'kkds n`x'o'ks] uHkfl uHkksef.kfnus "k"Vke~A
oztifrlfu jkkk".kx.kkss'knhfidknhfi
JhJhjkkk".kx.kkss'k&nhfidk;ka c`gn~Hkkx% lEiw.kZ%
Hkkokuqoknn`d ] v'o ] 'k (bU) ]vadL; okek
xfr% vFkkZr~ vksadh xfr oke fn'kkesa gSbl fu;eds vuqlkj
'kdkCnA uHklls Jko.k ekl] uHkksef.kls lw;Z rFkk fnu
'kCnls okj vFkZ xzg.k djusij ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd
^JhJhjkkk".kx.kkss'k&nhfidk* uked xzUFk 'kdkCnds Jko.k
ekldh "k"Bh frfFk] jfookjdks JhuUn egkjktds 'kksHkk;eku x`g
uUnxkoesa lEiw.kZ gqvk
JhJhjkkk".kx.kkss'k&nhfidkds c`gn~Hkkxdk vuqokn lEiw.kZ
(y?kqHkkx)
Jh".kL; :ikfnde~
(Jh".kds :i] xq.k vkSj ekkq;Z vkfndk o.kZu)
lqkkyko.;&ekkq;Z&nfyrktu&fp.k% A
bUuhyef.k% dok uhyksRiy#fpizHkk
HkkokuqoknJh".k ve`rds leku yko.; vkSj ekkq;Zls
ifjiw.kZ rFkk us=ksaij yxk;s tkusokys vtuds leku fLuXk gSaA
mudh vdkfUr bUuhyef.kds leku mTToy vFkok uhydeydh
dkfUrds ln`'k ';key gS
dok uO;rekyksfi es?kiqt&euksgj%A
izHkk ekjdrh dkfUr% lqkkyko.;okfjfk%
HkkokuqoknvFkok Jh".k uohu rekyds leku lqUnj rFkk
es?k iqtds leku euksgj gSaA mudh vdkfUr ejdr ef.kdh
dkfUrls Hkh mTToy gSA mudk lkSUn;Z ve`re; yko.;dk leq
Lo:i gS
ihroL=&ifjkkuks ouekyk&foHkwf"kr%A
ukukjRu&Hkwf"krkks ukukdsfy&jlkdj%
HkkokuqoknJh".k ihrkEcj kkj.k djusokys] ouekykls
foHkwf"kr] fofok izdkjds jRuksals lqlfTtr rFkk vusd izdkjds
yhykjlds lkxj Lo:i gSa
62
nh?kZdqfprds'kksfi
ukukiq"ieky;k p
cgqxUklqxfUkr%A
pwM+knhfIreZuksgjk
HkkokuqoknJh".kds ds'k yEcs] ?kq?kjkys rFkk fofok izdkjdh

lqxUklss lqokflr gSaA cgqfok iq"i ekykvksals lqlfTtr pwM+sdh 'kksHkk
eudk gj.k djusokyh gS
JheYyykVikVhjfLrydkyd&'kksfHkr% A
uhykskrHkzwfoykl&dkfeuhfpkeksgu%
HkkokuqoknJh".kdk yykV pUnuds fryd ,oa vydkoyh
}kjk 'kksHkk;eku gSA mudk uhyo.kZokyk mkr Hkzw;qxy foykl
vFkkZr~ urZu }kjk dkfefu;ksads fpkdks eksfgr dj jgk gS
?kw.kZekua lqu;ua juhyksRiyizHke~A
[kxsU&ppqyko.;&lquklkxztlqUnj%
HkkokuqoknJh".kds lqUnj u;u;qxy ppy rFkk j&uhy
deydh izHkkls ;q gSaA mudh yko.;iw.kZ ukfldkdk vxzHkkx
[kxifr x#M+dh pksapds leku vrho lqUnj gS
euksgkfj d.kZ;qXea ef.kdq.My'kksfHkre~A
ukukef.k&dq.Myk<&x.MLFky&fojkftr%
HkkokuqoknJh".kds euksgj d.kZ ;qxyesa ef.ke; dq.My
'kksHkk ik jgs gSaA bu dq.Myksaesa yxs ukukfok ef.k&ekf.kD;ksadh
izHkkls diksyksadh izHkk mTToy gks jgh gS
eq[kia
lqyko.;a
dksfVpUizHkkdje~A
ukukgkL;&lqekqjf'pcqdks nhfIreku~ Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknJh".kdk eq[kdey lqUnj yko.;;q ,oa
djksM+ksa&djksM+ksa pUekvksadh izHkkdk vkdjLo:i gSA lqekqj fpcqd
(BksM+h) vusd izdkjds gkl&ifjgklls nhfIreku gks jgk gS
63
d.Bns'k% lqyko.;ks eqkekyk&foHkwf"kr%A

f=Hkks yfyrfLuXkxzhoL=SyksD;eksgu%
HkkokuqoknJh".kdk lqUnj yko.;e; d.B eqkekykvksals
foHkwf"kr gS rFkk mudh f=Hk yfyr xzhok (xnZudk fiNyk Hkkx)
viuh fLuXkrkls f=yksdhdks eqXk dj jgh gS
o{k%LFkyp yko.;Sje.khje.kksRlqde~A
ef.kdkSLrqHkfo|qk&eqkgkj&foHkwf"kre~
HkkokuqokndkSLrqHk ef.k vkSj lkSnkfeuh tSlh vkHkkokys
eqkgkjls foHkwf"kr Jh".kdk o{k%LFky viuh yko.; jkf'k }kjk
jef.k;ksads lkFk je.k djusds fy, mRlqdrk izdkf'kr dj jgk
gS
vktkuqyfEcrHkqtkS
jksRiygLrikS
ds;wj&oy;kfUorkSA
ukukfplq'kksfHkrkS
xnk&'ka[k&;oPN=&pUkkkZ' k&'kksfHkrkS A
ot&i&;wi&gy&?kV&ehu fojkftrkS
HkkokuqoknJh".kdh vktkuqyfEcr Hkqtk, ds;wj (cktqcUn)
rFkk oy; (duksa) vkSj j dey tSls fn[kk;h nsusokys
gLrdey xnk] 'ka[k] tkS] N=] vZpU] vadq'k (fu;a=.k
djusokyh NM+h)] otk] i] fot; LrEHk] gy] ?kV ,oa ehu
vkfn ukuk izdkjds fpksals lq'kksfHkr gSa&
mnjp lqekqja
i`"Bik'oZlqkkjE;a
yko.;dsfylqUnje~A
je.khdsfyykyle~
HkkokuqoknJh".kdk lqUnj lqekqj mnj yko.;rkdh hM+kHkwfe

gSA muds mnjds ihNsdk lqkke; ihBLFky vkSj ik'oZ vFkkZr~ ihB
vkSj mnjds e; okyk Hkkx jef.k;ksads lkFk yhyk djusdh
ykylkls ;q gS
64
dfVfcEc&lqkkEHkksta dUniZeksguksRlqde~A
jkejEHks boks: }kS ukjheksgudkjdkS
Hkkokuqoknve`re; deydh Hkkfr fn[kk;h nsusokys Jh".kds
xksykdkj furEc dUniZdks eksfgr djusds fy, mRlqd gSa rFkk
dsysds vkUrj Hkkxds leku fn[kk;h nsusokyh foLr`r t?kk,
ukfj;ksadks eksfgr djusokyh gSa
tkuw }kS p lqyko.;kS ekqjkS ijeksTToykSA
iknikS
lqekqjkS
jRuuwiqjHkwf"krkS
tokiq"ile#ph
ukukfp&lq'kksfHkrkSA
pkZpUk"Vdks.k&f=dks.k&;o&'kksfHkrkS
vEcjPN=&dyl&'ka[k&xks"in&LofLrdkS A
v'kkEHkkstkuq"kk tkEcosu p 'kksfHkrkS
HkkokuqoknJh".kds nksuksa ?kqVus yko.;;q] ekqj vkSj
vR;Ur mTToy gSaA lqekqj ikni jRue; uwiqj }kjk foHkwf"kr]
tokiq"idh Hkkfr dkfUr;q vkSj p] vkZpU] v"Vdks.k] f=dks.k]
tkS] vkdk'k] N=] dy'k] 'ka[k] xks"in (xk;dk [kqj)] LofLrd]
vadq'k] i] kuq"k] rFkk tkEkquds Qy vkfn tSls vusd fpksals
lq'kksfHkr gSa&
vaxqY;ks#.kHkk% lE;~u[kpU&lefUork%A
Jh;qrkS pj.kkEHkkstkS ukukizse&lq[kk.kZokS
Hkkokuqokniw.kZre u[kpUksals lefUor Jh".kds pj.kksadh
vfy;k v#.k dkfUrls ifjiw.kZ rFkk 'kksHkk;eku pj.kdey
fofok izse lq[kds lkxj gaS
,rs"kka ".k:ik.kka rqyuk u fg fo|rsA
fdfpnqhiukFkkZ; fn~ek=feg n'kre~
Hkkokuqokn;|fi mijks Jh".kdh :i&ekkqjhdh rqyuk
txr~dh fdlh Hkh oLrqls ugha dh tk ldrh] rc Hkh fdfpr
mhiukds fy, ;gkij ek= fnXn'kZu djk;k x;k gS
65
o;L;k%
(Jh".kds l[kk)
vFk Jh".kpUL; lf[koÙnp dF;rsA
vxzxkeh o;L;kuka izyEckjkfrjxzt%
Hkkokuqoknvc Jh".kds l[kkvksadk o.kZu fd;k tk jgk gSA
Jhcynso l[kkvksaesa vxzxkeh (loksZifj) gSaA ;s Jh".kds cM+s HkkbZ
rFkk izyEc uked izfl vlqjds fugUrk gaS
o;L;Hksnk%
(l[kkvksads izdkj)
lqr~&lf[k&fiz;l[kk%
fiz;ueZl[kLrFkkA
o;L;k% ".kpUL; LQqVe= prqokk%
HkkokuqoknJh".kpUds l[kk pkj izdkjds gSa() lqr]
() l[kk] () fiz;l[kk rFkk () fiz;ueZl[kk
lqr~
(lqr l[kk)
lqHk% dq.Myks n.Mh e.Mykseh firÒ;tk%A

lquUnks ufUnjkuUnh bR;k|k ;krj% Le`rk%
Hkkokuqoknppsjs HkkbZ lqHk] dq.My] n.Mh vkSj e.My rFkk
lquUn] uUnh vkSj vkuUnh vkfn lqr Jh".kds ouxeuds lhds
:iesa izfl gSa
'kqHknks
e.MyhHk&HkoZu&xksHkVk%A
;{ksU&HkV&Hkk&ohjHk&egkxq.kk%
dqyohjks egkHkheks fnO;'kf% lqjizHk%A
j.kfLFkjkn;ks T;s"BdYik% laj{k.kk; ;s
66
fir`H;kefHkrks HkhrfpkkH;ka nq"Vdalr%A

izk.kdksVfkdizs"Biq=kH;ka fofu;ksftrk%
Hkkokuqokn'kqHkn] e.MyhHk] HkoZu] xksHkV] ;{ksU] HkV]
Hkk] ohjHk] egkxq.k] dqyohj] egkHkhe] fnO;'kf] lqjizHk rFkk
j.kfLFkj vkfn lqr Jh".kls T;s"B gSa rFkk mudh j{kkesa fu;q
gSaA
nq"V dalds Hk;ls Hk;Hkhr gksdj JhuUn&;'kksnkus dksfV&dksfV
izk.kksals Hkh vfkd fiz; vius iq= Jh".k&cyjkedh j{kk gsrq
mijks 'kqHkn vkfn lqrksadks fu;q dj j[kk gS&
v=k;{kksfEcdklwuqot;k{kLriL;;k
A
;% fdykfEcd;k ysHks kk;ksikL; lnkfEcdke~
HkkokuqoknvfEcdkiq= fot;k{k uked ckyd lHkh lqrksads
v;{k gSaA Jh".kdh kk=h vfEcdkus fujUrjdh x;h vfEcdk
(ikoZrh) dh miklukds QyLo:i bUgsa iq= jRuds :iesa izkIr fd;k
gS
lqHk%
lqfp.kks uhyo.kZ% lqHkks nhfIreku~ Hkosr~A
ihroL=ifjkkuks
ukukHkj.k'kksfHkr%
HkkokuqoknlqHk viuh ije fLuXk vdkfUr vkSj uhyo.kZds
dkj.k nhfIre; gSA ;s ihro.kZds oL= kkj.k djrs gSa rFkk vusd
izdkjds Hkw"k.kksals foHkwf"kr jgrs gSa
miuUn% firk rL; rqyk ekrk ifrozrkA
ijeksTToydS'kksj% iRuh dqUnyrk Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknlqHkds firkdk uke miuUn rFkk ekrkdk uke
rqyk gS] tks cM+h ifrozrk gSaA ;s ije mTToy dS'kksj voLFkkls
ifjiw.kZ gSA budh iRuhdk uke dqUnyrk gS
67
l[kk;%
(l[kkvksadk o.kZu)
fo'kky&o`"kHkkStfLo&nsoizLFk&o:Fkik%
A
eUnkj%
dqlqekihM+&ef.kcUkdjkU k e k
eUnj'pUnu%
dqUn%
dfyUndqfydkn;%A
dfu"BdYik% lsok;ka l[kk;ks foiqykxzgk%
Hkkokuqoknfo'kky] o`"kHk] vkstLoh] nsoizLFk] o:Fki] eUnkj]
dqlqekihM+] ef.kcUk] djUke] eUnj] pUnu] dqUn] dfyUn vkSj
dqfyd vkfn l[kk Jh".kls dfu"B gSaA Jh".kdh lsok djusesa
bu l[kkvksadk vR;fkd vkxzg gS&
fiz;l[kk%
(fiz; l[kkvksadk o.kZu)
Jhnkek nkek lqnkek olqnkek rFkSo pA

fdff.k&Hklsuka'kq&Lrksd".k foykflu%
iq.Mjhd&foVk{k&dyfo&fiz;jk%
A
Jhnkek|k% lekLr= Jhnkek ihBenZd%
HkkokuqoknJhnke] nke] lqnke] olqnke] fdf.kh] Hklsu]
va'kqeku] Lrksd".k] foykfl] iq.Mjhd] foVk{k] dyfo vkSj
fiz;j;s lHkh Jh".kds fiz; l[kk gSaA Jhnke vkfn Jh".kds
leo;Ld vFkkZr~ leku vk;qokys gSaA buesals Jhnke îhBenZ*()
ukels Hkh izfl gS&
leLrfe=lsukuka
Hklsu'peqifr%A
Lrksd".kks ;FkkFkkZ[;% ".kL; izR;uUrj%
Hkkokuqoknbu lHkh fiz; l[kkvksaesa Hklsu fe=Lo:ih lsukds
lsukifr gSA Lrksd".k uked fiz; l[kkdk ;g uke mfpr gh gS]
()
uk;d tSlk xq.koku gksdj Hkh uk;ddh vkKkds vuqlkj pyusokysdks

ihBenZ dgrs gSaA (tSokeZ] ckhlok v;k;)
68
D;ksafd ;s Jh".kds vuqxr gksusds dkj.k lpeqpesa Lrksd vFkkZr~

NksVs ".k gh gSa
je;fUr fiz;l[kk% dsfyfHkofokSjehA
fu;qn.M;qkfndkSrqdSjfi
ds'koe~
Hkkokuqoknfiz; l[kk fofok izdkjdh hM+kvksa rFkk fu;q
(gkFkk&ikbZ] dq'rh) vkSj n.M;q (ykBh pykuk) vkfn fofok
dkSrqdksals Jh".kdks ijekfUnr djrs gSa
,rs fiz;l[kk% 'kkUrk% ".kizk.k&lek erk%
HkkokuqoknlHkh fiz;l[kk 'kkUr LoHkkols ;q rFkk Jh".kds
izk.k gSa
Jhnkek
(Jhnkedk o.kZu)
Jhnkek
';key#fpjdkfUreZuksgjkA
ihroL=ifjkkuks
jRuekykfoHkwf"kr%
o;% "kksM'ko"kZp fd'kksj% ijeksTToy%A
Jh".kL; fiz;reks cgqdsfy&jlkdj%
HkkokuqoknJhnkedh vdkfUr euksgj ';keo.kZdh gSA ;s
ihys jds oL= kkj.k djrs gSa rFkk jRuekykvksals foHkwf"kr jgrs
gSaA ;s lksyg o"khZ; dS'kksj voLFkkls ije mTToy gaSA ;s
Jh".kdks cgqr vfkd fiz; rFkk vusd izdkjds yhykjlds
vkdjLo:i gSa&
o`"kHkkuq% firk rL; ekrk p dhknk lrhA
jkkkuetjh p dfu"Bk Hkfxuh Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknJhnkeds firk Jho`"kHkkuq egkjkt rFkk ekrk
dhknknsoh gaS] tks cM+h ifrozrk gSaA Jhjkkk vkSj vuetjh
budh NksVh cguas gSa
69
lqnkek
bZ"kkSj% lqnkek p nsgdkfUreZuksgjkA
uhyoL=ifjkkuks jRukHkj.kHkwf"kr%
Hkkokuqoknlqnke fdfpr~ xkSj o.kZds gSaA budh vdkfUr
ije euksgj gSA ;s uhys jds oL= kkj.k djrs gSa rFkk jRue;
vkHkw"k.kksals foHkwf"kr jgrs gSa
firk p eVqdks uke jkspuk tuuh Hkosr~A
lqfd'kksjo;ks&os'k% ukukdsfyjlksRdj%
Hkkokuqoknlqnkeds firkdk uke eVqd rFkk ekrkdk uke
jkspuk gSA ;s lqUnj fd'kksj voLFkk vkSj os'kls lq'kksfHkr gS rFkk
fofok hM+k jlds vkdj gS
fiz;ueZl[kk%
(fiz;ueZ l[kkvksadk o.kZu)
lqcyktZqu&xUkoZ&olUrksTToy&dksfdyk% A
luUnu&fonXkk|k% fiz;ueZl[kk erk%
Hkkokuqoknlqcy] vtqZu] xUkoZ] olUr] mTToy] dksfdy]
luUnu rFkk fonXk vkfn l[kk fiz;ueZ l[kkds :iesa fo[;kr
gS
a
rgL;Urq ukLR;so ;neh"kka u xkspj%A
ekqey&iq"ik&gklk|k fonw"kdk%
Jheku~ luUnuLr= lkSnkuUnlqUnj%A
ewkekuso jljkM+TToy'p egksTToy%A
foykfl'ks[kjks ;L; foyklsu o'khr%
Hkkokuqokn,slk dksbZ jgL; vFkkZr~ xksiuh;rk ugha gS] tks bu
fiz;ueZ l[kkvksads vxkspj gksA
70
bu fiz;ueZ l[kkvksaesa ekqey] iq"ik ,oa gkl vkfn

Jh".kds fonw"kd() gSaA Jheku~ luUnu Jh".kds lkFk viuh ije
lqnrkds vkuUnesa fueXu gSaA mTToy uked fiz;ueZ l[kk ewkeku
jljktdh rjg egku~ mTToy gSaA foykl'kkfy;ksads eqdqVef.k
Jh".k Hkh buds foyklls o'khHkwr gks tkrs gSa&
lqcy%
lqcyL;
xkSjdkfUruhZyoL=euksgj%A
ukukjRu&Hkwf"krkks
ukukiq"ifoHkwf"kr%
lkZ}kn'ko"khZ;%
dS'kksj&o;lksTToy%A
lf[kHkkoa lekfJR; ukuklsok&ifjIyqr%
};kseyuuSiq.;ks
ekqjks
HkkoHkkfor%A
ukukxq.k&lq[kksisr% ".k&fiz;reks Hkosr~
Hkkokuqoknlqcydh vdkfUr xkSjo.kZdh gSA ;s uhys jds
oL=ksadks kkj.k djds ije euksgj yxrs gSaA buds v fofok
izdkjds jRuksa ,oa ukuk izdkjds iq"iksals vyar jgrs gSaA budh
vk;q lk<+s ckjg o"kZ gS] vr% dS'kksjkoLFkkds dkj.k ije nhfIreku
gSA ;s l[; Hkkodk HkyhHkkfr voyEcu djds Jh".kdh ukuk
lsokvksaesa fueXu jgrs gSaA ;s Jhjkkk".kdk feyu djkusesa lqfuiq.k]
ekqj Hkkols foHkkfor rFkk Jh".kdks lq[k nsusokys fofok xq.kksals
;q gSaA
mijks lHkh dkj.kksals lqcy Jh".kdks cgqr fiz; gSa&
vtqZu%
jksRiyfuHkk dkfUrjtZquks nhfIreku~ Hkosr~A
olus pUdkfUr'p ukukjRulq'kksfHkr%
()
Hkkstu fiz;] dyg fiz;] vHkh vkSj okd~&pkrqjh rFkk os"k }kjk
glkusokysdks fonw"kd dgrs gSaA (tSokeZ] ckhlok v;k;)
71
HkkokuqoknvtqZudh vdkfUr yky deyds leku ije

nhfIreku gSa rFkk oL= pUdkfUrds leku gSaA ;s ukuk jRuksals
lq'kksfHkr jgrs gSa
firk lqnf{k.kLrL; Hkk p tuuh Hkosr~A
T;s"Bks Hkzkrk olqnkek };ks% izseifjIyqr%
HkkokuqoknvtZquds firkdk uke lqnf{k.k vkSj ekrkdk uke
Hkk rFkk cMs+ HkkbZdk uke olqnke gSA ;s Jhjkkk".kds izseesa
fueftr jgrs gSa
lkZ'prqnZ'k lek o;% dS'kksjdksTToy%A
ukukiq"iHkwf"krkks ouekyk&foHkwf"kr%
HkkokuqoknvtqZu viuh lk<+s pkSng o"kZokyh dS'kksj voLFkkds
dkj.k ije mTToy fn[kk;h iM+rs gSaA ;s ukuk izdkjds iq"iksals cus
vkHkw"k.kksa vkSj ouekykvksals foHkwf"kr jgrs gSa
xUkoZ%
fu'kkdj&izHkkdkfUrxZUkoksZ :ioku~ Hkosr~A
joL=ifjkkuks
ukukHkj.k&la;qr%
Hkkokuqoknije :ioku xUkoZdh vdkfUr pUekdh Hkkds
leku gSaA ;s yky jds oL= kkj.k djrs gSaA ;s vusd izdkjds
vkHkj.kksals foHkwf"kr gSa
o;ks }kn'ko"kZp fd'kksjo;lksTToy%A
ukukiq"iHkwf"krkks xUkoZ'p lq'kksfHkr%
HkkokuqoknxUkoZ viuh }kn'k o"khZ; dS'kksj voLFkkls lq'kksfHkr
gSaA ije 'kksHkk;eku xUkoZ vusd izdkjdh iq"i&ekykvksals foHkwf"kr
gS
a
ekrk fe=k lqlkoh p foukdks tudks egku~A
Jh".kL; fiz;reks ukukdsfy&dqrwgy%
72
HkkokuqoknxUkoZdh ekrk fe=k cM+h lqlkoh vkSj firk

egkRek foukd gSaA xUkoZ Jh".kdks cgqr vfkd fiz; gSa rFkk
viuh vusd izdkjdh vk'p;Ztud yhykvksads fy, izfl gSa
olUr%
bZ"kn~xkSjkdkfUr'p oL=a pUleksTToye~A
ukukef.kHkwf"krkks olUr mTToyks Hkosr~
,dkn'ko"kZo;k
ukukekY;&foHkwf"kr%A
ekrk p 'kkjnh lkoh fiyks tudks egku~
HkkokuqoknolUrdh vdkfUr fdfpr~ xkSjo.kZdh rFkk oL=
pUekds leku mTToy gSAa vusd izdkjdh ef.k;ksa vkSj iq"iekykvksl
a s
foHkwf"kr gksusds dkj.k buds v&izR; ije mTToy gSA budh
vk;q X;kjg o"kZdh gSA budh ekrk 'kkjnh cM+h ifrozrk gS rFkk
firk egkRek fiy gSa&
mTToy%
jo.kZizHkk dkfUr#TToy% ijeksTToy%A
rkjkoyh&lea oL=a eqkiq"i&fojkftr%
HkkokuqoknmTToydh vdkfUr jo.kZdh Hkkds leku
ijeksTToy gS rFkk buds oL= rkjksadh iafds leku gSA ;s eqk
iq"iksa }kjk lq'kksfHkr gaS
lkxjk[;% firk rL; ekrk os.kh ifrozrkA
=;ksn'ko"kZo;k% fd'kksj% ijeksTToy%
HkkokuqoknmTToyds firkdk uke lkxj rFkk ekrkdk uke
os.kh gS] tks cM+h ifrozrk gSaA ;s viuh rsjg o"khZ; fd'kksj
voLFkkls ije mTToy gSa
dksfdy%
'kqHkzdkfUr% lqyko.;% dksfdy% ijeksTToy%A
uhyoL=ifjkkuks
ukukjRufoHkwf"kr%
73
Hkkokuqoknije mTToy] yko.;e; dksfdydh vdkfUr

'kqHkzo.kZdh gSA ;s uhys jds oL= kkj.k djrs gSa rFkk ukuk jRuksals
foHkwf"kr jgrs gSa
o"kSZdkn'kda eklk'pRokjks ;};%e%A
tud% iq"djks uke eskk ekrk ;'kfLouh
Hkkokuqokndksfdydh vk;q X;kjg o"kZ] pkj ekl gSA buds
firkdk uke iq"dj rFkk ekrkdk uke eskk gS] tks cM+h ;'kfLouh
gS
luUnu%
bZ"kkSjdkfUr'p 'kksfHkr'p luUnu%A
uhyoL=&ifjkkuks
ukukHkj.k&Hkwf"kr%
HkkokuqoknluUnu fdfpr~ xkSj vdkfUrokys rFkk ije
'kksHkk'khy gSaA ;s uhys jds oL= kkj.k djrs gSa rFkk ukuk
izdkjds vkHkw"k.kksals foHkwf"kr jgrs gSa
lkkZ'prqnZ'k lek o;ks ekY;&fojkftr%A
v#.kk{k% firk rL; ekrk p efYydk Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknluUnudh vk;q lk<+s pkSng o"kZdh gSA buds xysesa
ekyk fojkteku jgrh gSA buds firkdk uke v#.kk{k rFkk
ekrkdk uke efYydk gS
fonXk%
:ia pEido.kkZ<a fonXkks nhfIreku~ Hkosr~A
f'kf[kd.Bo.kZoklk
eqkekyk&foHkwf"kr%
HkkokuqoknfonXkdh vdkfUr pEid iq"ids leku euksgj
vkSj ije nhfIreku gSA ;s e;wjd.Bdh rjg ';keoL= kkj.k
djusokys gSaA buds v vusd izdkjdh eqkekykvksals foHkwf"kr
jgrs gSa
74
prqnZ'ko"kZiw.kZ%
fd'kksj%
ijeksTToy%A
firk p eVqdks uke tuuh jkspuk Hkosr~
lqnkek pkxztHkzkrk Hkfxuh lq'khykfi pA
Jh".kL; fiz;reks ;qXeHkkofoHkkfor%
HkkokuqoknfonXk viuh pkSng o"khZ; fd'kksjkoLFkkls ije
mTToy gSaA buds firkdk uke eVqd vkSj ekrkdk uke jkspuk gSA
iwoksZ lqnke buds cM+s HkkbZ gaSA budh cgudk uke lq'khyk gSA
;s Jh".kdks cgqr fiz; gSa rFkk Jhjkkk".kds Hkkoesa foHkksj jgrs
gS
a &
Jhekqey%
bZ"kPNkeyo.kksZfi Jhekqeyks Hkosr~A
olua
xkSjo.kkZ<a
ouekykfojkftr%
HkkokuqoknJheku~ ekqey fdfpr~ ';keo.kZds gaSA buds
oL= xkSjo.kZds gaS rFkk ;s ouekykvksals lq'kksfHkr gSa
firk lkUnhifunsZoks ekrk p lqeq[kh lrhA
ukUnheq[kh p Hkfxuh ikS.kZeklh firkeghA
fonw"kd% ".kl[k% Jhekqey% lnk
Hkkokuqoknekqeyds firkdk uke JhlkUnhifu f"k rFkk
ekrkdk uke lqeq[kh gS] tks cM+h ifrozrk gSaA ukUnheq[kh budh cgu
vkSj ikS.kZeklh firkegh (nknh) gaSA fonw"kd() ekqey lnSo
Jh".kds lkFk jgrs gSa
Jhcyjke%
'kqHkz% LQfVdo.kkZ<ks cyjkeks egkcy%A
uhyoL=ifjkkuks
ouekyk&fojkftr%
HkkokuqoknJhcyjkedh vdkfUr LQfVd vFkkZr~ diwZjds
leku 'kqHkzo.kZdh gSA egkcy'kkyh gksusds dkj.k budk uke
()
'yksd la[;k & "VO;
75
^cyjke* gSA ;s uhykEcjkkjh rFkk fofok ouekykvksals lq'kksfHkr

gS
a
nh?kZds'k% lqyko.;'pwMk pk#eZuksgjkA
jRudq.My;qXep d.kZ;qXes fojkftre~
HkkokuqoknJhcyjkeds yEcs&yEcs lqUnj ds'k cgqr gh
yko.;iw.kZ gSa rFkk je.kh; pwM+k eudks vkd"kr djusokyk gSA
buds dkuksaesa jRu dq.My fojkteku gSa
ukukiq"ie.ksgkZj%
d.Bns'ks
ds;wjoy;kS ;qXekS ckgq;qXes
lq'kksfHkr%A
fojkftrkS
HkkokuqoknJhcyjkeds d.Bns'kesa ukukfok iq"iksadh ekyk,

rFkk ef.ke; gkj 'kksHkk;eku gSA Hkqtkvksaesa cktqcUn vkSj du
lq'kksfHkr gSa
jRuuwiqj;qXet
ikn;qXes
lq'kksfHkre~A
olqnso% firk rL; ekrk p jksfg.kh Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknJhcyjkeds pj.kksaesa jRue; uwiqj 'kksHkk;eku gSaA
buds firk Jholqnso vkSj ekrk Jhjksfg.kh gSa
uUnks fe=a firqLrL; ekrk lkoh ;'kkserhA
Hkzkrk duh;ku~ Jh".k% lqHkk Hkfxuh p lk
HkkokuqoknJhcyjkeds firk olqnso oztjkt uUnthds fe=
vkSj ekrk jksfg.kh ije lrh rFkk ;'kksnkdh l[kh gSaA Jh".k buds
dfu"B Hkzkrk rFkk lqHkk budh cgu gSa
o;% "kksM'ko"kZp fd'kksjijeksTToy%A
Jh".kL; fiz;reks ukukdsfyjlkdj%
HkkokuqoknJhcyjke viuh lksyg o"khZ; fd'kksjkoLFkkls ije
mTToy gSaA ;s Jh".kds vR;fkd fiz; rFkk ukukfok yhykjlds
vkdjLo:i gaS
76
lsodk%
foVk%
(foV uked lsod)
dM+kj&HkkjrhcUk&xUkosnkn;ks
foVk%A
fofokk% lsodkLrL; lsoklkS[;ijk;.kk%
HkkokuqoknJh".kds fofok dkjds lsodx.k gSa] tks lsokds
}kjk mUgsa vkuUn nku djusesa vuqj gSaA muesals dM+kj]
HkkjrhcUk] xUkosn vkfn lsodksadks foV() dgrs gSa
psVk%
(psV uked lsod)
psVk
HkjHk`kjlkfUkdxzfgykn;%A
jd% i=d% i=h ekqd.Bks ekqozr%A
'kkfydLrkfydks ekyh ekuekykkjkn;%
r}s.kqkèqjyh;f"B&ik'kkfnkkfj.k%
A
veh"kka ?kVdk'pkeh kkrwuka pksigkjdk%
HkkokuqoknHkj] Hk`kj] lkfUkd] xzfgy] jd] i=d] i=h]
ekqd.B] ekqozr] 'kkfyd] rkfyd] ekyh] eku vkSj ekykkj vkfn
psV() gSaA ;s Jh".kds os.kq()] k` (f'kk)] eqjyh()] ydqVh
(ykBh)] ik'k (xksnksgu jTtq) vkfn O;ksadks kkj.k djrs gSaA ;s
Jh".kdks xSfjd vkfn kkrq, migkj fn;k djrs gSa&
()
os"k&jpuk vkfn dk;ksesa n{k] kwkZ] ckrphr djusesa prqj] o'khdj.k vkfn
f;kvksaesa fuiq.k lgk;d foV dgykrk gSA (tSokeZ] ckhlok v;k;)
()
fdlh ckrdk irk yxkusesa prqj] xw<+ deksdks djusokyk rFkk izxYHkcqf
;q lgk;d psV dgykrk gSA
()
ckjg vqyh yEch] vxwBs ftruh eksVh vkSj N% fNksokyh oa'khdks os.kq
dgrs gSaA
()
nks gkFk yEch] eq[k&fN vkSj pkj Loj&;q fNksaokyh oa'khdks eqjyh
dgrs gSA
77
rkEcwfydk%
(rkEcwy izLrqr djusokys lsod)
i`Fkqdk% ik'oZxk% dsfydykykidykjk%A

iYyoks ey% QqYy% dksey% dfiykn;%
lqfoykl&foyklk[;&jlky&jl'kkfyu% A
tEcqyk|k'p rkEcwy&ifj"dkj&fop{k.kk%
HkkokuqokniYyo] ey] QqYy] dksey] dfiy] lqfoykl]
foykl] jlky] jl'kkyh vkSj tEcqy vkfn lsod Jh".kdh
rkEcwy lsokesa fu;q gSaA ;s ifj"dkj] ifjPNk rkEcwydh
fuekZ.k&ifjikVhesa fop{k.k gSaA ;s lHkh Jh".kls de vk;qokys gSa
rFkk lnSo Jh".kds fudV jgrs gSaA ;s yhykdFkk vkSj xhr&ok|
vkfndh dykesa izkjfEHkd voLFkkokys gSa&
tylsodk%
(tydh O;oLFkk djusokys lsod)
i;ksn&okfjnk|k'p
uhj&laLdkjdkfj.k%
Hkkokuqokni;ksn rFkk okfjn vkfn nkl Jh".kds O;ogkjds

fy, tyls ifjiw.kZ ik=ksadks mBkdj ys tkrs gSa
oL=lsodk%
(oL=ksadh kqykbZ djusokys lsod)
oL=ksipkjfuiq.kk%
lkj&cdqykn;%
Hkkokuqoknlkj vkSj cdqy vkfn lsod Jh".kdh oL=&lsokesa

vFkkZr~ oL=ksadh lQkbZ djus rFkk oL=ksadks ltkdj j[kusesa dq'ky
gS
a
os'kdkfj.k%
(k`kj djusokys lsod)
izsedUnks egkxUk% lSfjUkz&ekqdUnyk%A

edjUnkn;'pkeh lnk k`kjdkfj.k%
78
HkkokuqoknizsedUn] egkxUk] lSfjUkz] ekqdUny vkSj edjUn

vkfn lsod Jh".kdk k`kj djrs gSa
xkfUkdk%
(lqxfUkr O; izLrqr djusokys lsod)
lqeu%&dqlqeksYykl&iq"igkl&gjkn;% A
xUkkjkx&ekY;kfn&iq"ikyafrdkfj.k%
Hkkokuqoknlqeu] dqlqeksYykl] iq"igkl vkSj gj vkfn lsod
Jh".kds Jhvksaesa vxq#] dqdqe bR;kfn v jkxksadks jftr
djrs gSaA ;s Jh".kdks ekyk, igukrs gSa rFkk iq"iksads vykj Hkh
cukrs gSa
ukfirk%
(ukbZdk dk;Z djusokys lsod)
ukfirk% ds'klaLdkjs enZus niZ.kkiZ.ksA

n{kk% lqcUkdiwZjlqxUk&dqlqekn;%
HkkokuqoknlqcUk] diwZj] lqxUk vkSj dqlqe vkfn lsod
Jh".kds ukfir gSaA ;s ds'k&laLdkj] nsg&enZu (ekfy'k) vkSj
niZ.k&viZ.k vFkkZr~ niZ.k fn[kkus vkfn tSlh lsokvksadks cM+h
fuiq.krkls lEik djrs gSa
vijk%
(vU;kU; dk;ksesa fu;q lsod)
dks"kkfkdkfj.k%
foey% dkseyk|k'p
LoPNlq'khyizxq.kkn;%A
LFkkyh&ihBkfnkkjdk%
HkkokuqoknLoPN] lq'khy vkSj izxq.k vkfn lsod dks"kkfkdkjh

vFkkZr~ Hk.Mkj vkfn lsokdk;ksesa fu;q rFkk foey] dksey vkfn
lsod Jh".ds Hkkstu djusdh Fkkyh] ih<+k vkfndks lEHkkyrs
gS
a
79
ifjpkfjdk%
(nkfl;k)
kfu"Bk&pUnudyk&xq.kekyk&jfrizHkk% A
r#.khUnqizHkk 'kksHkkjEHkk|k% ifjpkfjdk%A
x`gektZu&laLdkjkysi&{khjkfndksfonk%
Hkkokuqoknkfu"Bk] pUnudyk] xq.kekyk] jfrizHkk] r#.kh]
bUnqizHkk] 'kksHkk vkSj jEHkk vkfn Jh".kdh ifjpkfjdk, gaSA ;s
lHkh x`g&laLdkj vFkkZr~ ?kjdh ltkoV] ektZu] ysiu dk;Z rFkk
nwk ykus&ys tkusds dk;Zesa fo'ks"k n{k gSa
psV%
(vusdkusd lsokvksaesa fu;q nkfl;k)
psV% dqjh Hk`kjh lqyEck yfEcdkn;%

Hkkokuqokndqjh] Hk`kjh] lqyEck rFkk yfEcdk vkfn
Jh".kdh psVh vFkkZr~ lsfodk, gSa
pjk%
(xqIrpj)
prqj'pkj.kks kheku~ is'kyk|k'pjkskek%A

pjfUr xksi&xksih"kq ukukos'ksu ;s lnk
Hkkokuqoknprqj] pkj.k] kheku~ rFkk is'ky vkfn lsod
Jh".kds Js"B xqIrpj gSaA ;s lnk vusd izdkjds os'kkkj.k djds
(xqIr Hkkols) Jh".kds dk;Z&fl djusds fy, xksi&xksih vkfnds
ikl vk;k&tk;k djrs gSa
nwrk%
(nwr)
nwrk
fo'kkjnks
rqokonwdeuksjek%A
uhfrlkjkn;% dsykS dykS xksihdqys"kq p
80
Hkkokuqoknrq] okonwd] euksje ,oa uhfrlkj vkfn lsod

Jh".kds nwr gSaA ;s lHkh dk;ksesa fo'kkjn gSaA Jh".kdh xksfi;ksads
lkFk dsfy vFkkZr~ yhyk lEiknu djkus rFkk dfy vFkkZr~
izse&dygdks 'kkUr djkusesa lqn{k rFkk lkFkZd uke kkj.k djusokys
gSaA rq dk;Z lkkuesa mkr] okonwd mfpr vuqfpr lHkh ckrsa
cksyusesa vfr'k; iVq] euksje lHkhds eudks gj.k djusesa leFkZ ,oa
uhfrlkj&lkj oLrqdks tkuusokyk gSa
Jh".kL; nwrhizdj.ke~
(Jh".kdh nwfr;ksadk fooj.k)
ikS.kZeklh ohjk oÙnk oa'kh ukUnheq[kh rFkkA
oÙnkfjdk rFkk esyk eqjyk|k'p nwfrdk%
ukuklUkkudq'kyk
r;kseyudkfj.khA
dqtkfnlafL;kfHkKk oÙnk rklq ojh;lh
HkkokuqoknikS.kZeklh] ohjk] oÙnk] oa'kh] ukUnheq[kh] oÙnkfjdk]
esyk vkSj eqjyh vkfn Jh".kds futi{kdh nwfr;k gSaA ;s lHkh
ukuk izdkjls [kkst&[kcjksaesa dq'ky] Jhjkkk vkSj Jh".kdk feyu
djkusesa lqiVq vkSj dqtkfn feyuds LFkkuksadh ltkoV djusesa
if.Mrk gSaA buesals oÙnk lHkh fo"k;ksaesa Js"Bre gSa&
ikS.kZeklh
ikS.kZekL;k vdkfUrLrIrdkpulfkHkkA
'kqDyoL=ifjkkuk
cgqjRufoHkwf"krk
HkkokuqoknikS.kZeklhdh vdkfUr rIrdkpuds leku mTToy
gSA ;s lQsn jds oL= kkj.k djrh gS rFkk cgqr jRuksals foHkwf"kr
jgrh gSa
firk lqjrnso'p ekrk pUdyk lrhA
izcyLrq ifrLrL;k egkfo|k ;'kLdjh
81
Hkzkrkfi nsoizLFk'p ozts flk&f'kjksef.k%A

ukuklUkkudq'kyk
};ks%
ledkfj.kh
HkkokuqoknikS.kZeklhds firkdk uke lqjrnso rFkk ekrkdk
uke pUdyk gS] tks cM+h ifrozrk gSaA buds ifrdk uke izcy
rFkk HkkbZdk uke nsoizLFk gSA ;s Lo;a ije if.Mrk] izflk rFkk
ozte.Myesa flk vFkkZr~ ;ksfxfu;ksadh f'kjksef.k gSaA ikS.kZeklh
ukuk&lUkku ([kkst djusds) dk;ksesa dq'ky rFkk Jhjkkk".kdk
feyu djkusokyh gSa&
ohjk
ohjk uke ojk nwrh [;krkU;k iwftrk oztsA
ohjk izxYHkopuk oÙnk pkVwfis'kyk
HkkokuqoknvU; Js"B nwrhdk uke ohjk gSA ;s ozte.Myesa
iwtuh; rFkk izfl gaSA ohjk izxYHkopuk vFkkZr~ fuMjrkiwoZd
lcdqN dg nsuhokyh gSaA oÙnk() pkVq opu vFkkZr~ ekqj rFkk fiz;
opu dgusesa cM+h prqj gSa
,"kk ';keydkfUr'p 'kqDykHkoluksTToykA
ukukjRuiq"iekyk&Hkw"k.kSHkwfZ "krkfi
p
Hkkokuqoknohjkdh vdkfUr ';key o.kZdh gS ijUrq 'kqDyo.kZds
oL=ksals mTToy vksaokyh fn[kk;h nsrh gaSA ;s ukukfok iq"iekykvksa
vkSj jRu Hkw"k.kksals foHkwf"kr jgrh gaS
doy% ifrjsrL;k ekrk p eksfguh lrhA
rL;k% firk fo'kkyksfi Hkfxuh doyk Hkosr~
Hkkokuqoknohjkds ifrdk uke doy gSA budh ekrkdk uke
eksfguh gS] tks cM+h ifrozrk gSA buds firkdk uke fo'kky rFkk
cfgudk uke doyk gS
()
;|fi oÙnknsohdk fo'ks"k fooj.k 'yksd la[;k & esa fn;k x;k gS]
rFkkfi ohjknsohds LoHkkods o.kZu&izlesa buds Hkh LoHkkodk mYys[k fd;k
x;k gSA
82
tfVyk;k% fiz;rek
ukuklUkkufuiq.kk
tkoVk[;iqjfLFkrkA
};kseyupsf"Vrk
Hkkokuqoknohjk tfVykdks cgqr fiz; rFkk tkoV uked

xkodh jgusokyh gSaA ;s ukuk lUkku dk;ksesa fuiq.k rFkk
Jhjkkk".kdk feyu djkusesa fo'ks"k ps"Vkijk;.k jgrh gSa
oÙnk;k fo'ks"k%
rIrdkpuo.kkZHkk oÙnk dkfUreZuksgjkA
uhyoL=ifjkkuk eqk&iq"i&fojkftrk
HkkokuqoknoÙnkdh vdkfUr rIrdkpuds leku euksgj gSA
;s uhys jds oL=ksadks kkj.k djusokyh vkSj eqk rFkk iq"iksals
foHkwf"kr gSa
pUHkkuq% firk rL;k% QqYYkjk tuuh rFkkA
ifrjL;k eghikyks etjh Hkfxuh p lk
HkkokuqoknoÙnkds firkdk uke pUHkkuq vkSj ekrkdk uke
QqYyjk gSA ifrdk uke eghiky vkSj cgudk uke etjh
gS
oÙnkou&lnkoklk ukukdsyhjlksRlqdkA
mHk;kseyukdk~{kh r;ks% izseifjIyqrk
HkkokuqoknoÙnk lnSo oÙnkouesa okl djrh gSaA ;s vusd
izdkjds yhykjlls mRdf.Br rFkk Jhjkkk".kds feyu djkusesa
vfr'k; ykylk;q rFkk mUghads izseesa fueXu jgrh gSa
ukUnheq[kh
ukUnheq [ kh
xkS j o.kkZ
lkUnhifu% firk rL;k ekrk
Hkzkrk
ekqeyksL;k%
ukukjRuHkw f "krkh
ioL=fokkfj.khA
p lqeq[kh lrh
ikS.kZeklh
firkeghA
dS ' kks j o;lks T Toyk
83
HkkokuqoknukUnheq[khdh vdkfUr xkSjo.kZdh gaSA ;s ikEcj

(js'keh oL=) kkj.k djrh gSaA buds firk lkUnhifueqfu vkSj ekrk
lqeq[kh gS] tks cM+h ifrozrk gSaA buds HkkbZdk uke ekqey ,oa
firkeghdk uke ikS.kZeklh gSaA ukUnheq[kh ukuk jRuksals Hkwf"kr
vksaokyh rFkk dS'kksj voLFkkds dkj.k mTToy gaS&
ukuklUkkudq'kyk
ukukf'kYifokkf;uhA
};kseyuuSiq.;k lnk izse;qrk Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknukUnheq[kh ukuk fo"k;ds lUkku dk;Zesa dq'ky
rFkk vusd izdkjds f'kYi vFkkZr~ yfyr dykds ;ksx djusesa
rRij vkSj Jhjkkk".kds feyu djkusesa lqfuiq.k rFkk lnSo nksuksads
izseesa foHkksj jgrh gSa
lkkkj.kHk`R;k%
(lkkkj.k Hk`R;ksadk o.kZu)
'kksHkunhiuk|k'p nhfidkkkfj.kks erk%A

lqkkdj lqkkukn lkuUnk|k e`nfu%A
dykoUrLrq egrh&okfnuks xq.k'kkfyu%
Hkkokuqokn'kksHku rFkk nhiu vkfn Hk`R; Jh".kds fy,
iznhi kkj.k djrs gSaA lqkkdj] lqkkukn vkSj lkuUn vkfn Hk`R;
e`n&ctkrs gSaA ;s lHkh xhr&ok| vkfn pkSalB dykvksaesa fuiq.k]
cgqr&ls xq.kksals foHkwf"kr rFkk êgrh* vFkkZr~ ,d fo'ks"k dkjdh
oh.kkdks() ctkusesa leFkZ gaS
fofp=jko&ekqjjkok|kLrL; ofUnu%A
ukZdk'pUgklsUnqgkl&pUeq[kkn;%
()
oh.kk vusd izdkjdh gksrh gS] ;Fkkfo'okolq uked xUkoZdh oh.kdk

uke ô`grh*] rqEcq# uked xUkoZdh oh.kkdk uke ^d.kkorh*] ljLorhdh
oh.kkdk uke ^dPNih* rFkk ukjndh oh.kkdk uke êgrh* gSA
84
Hkkokuqoknfofp=jko vkSj ekqjjko vkfn Hk`R; Jh".kds

oUnh vFkkZr~ Lrqfr&ikBd rFkk pUgkl] bUnqgkl vkSj pUeq[k
vkfn ukZd gSa
dyd.B% lqd.B'p lqkkd.Bkn;ksI;ehA
Hkkjr%
lkjnks
fo|kfoykl&ljlkn;%A
loZizcUkfuiq.kk
jlKkLrkykkfj.k%
Hkkokuqokndyd.B] lqd.B] lqkkd.B] Hkkjr] lkjn] fo|kfoykl
vkSj ljl vkfn Jh".kds Hk`R; lHkh fo"k;ksaij vkkkfjr izcUkksadh
jpuk djusesa fuiq.k] jlK vkSj lhrdh rky nsusokys gSa
dpqdkfn&fofuekZrk jkSfpdks uke lkSfpd%A
fu.ksZtdkLrq lqeq[kks nqyZHkks jtukn;%A
iq.;iqtLrFkk HkkX;jkf'kfjR;L; gfikS
HkkokuqoknflykbZ djusesa fuiq.k jkSfpd uked Hk`R; Jh".kdk
dpqd vFkkZr~ dqkkZ flykbZ djrk gSA
lqeq[k] nqyZHk vkSj jtu vkfn nkl oL=ksadks kksusds dk;Zesa
vkfkdkfjd :ils fu;q gSaA
iq.;iqt vkSj HkkX;jkf'k uked nksuksa nkl Jh".kds ?kj vkSj
?kjds vkl&ikldh lQkbZ djusokys esgrj gSa
Lo.kZdkjkoykjdkjkS
ju&VukSA
dqykykS eUFkuhikjhdkjkS iou&deZBkS
Hkkokuqoknju rFkk Vu uked lqukj Jh".kds fy,
vykj cukrs gSaA iou rFkk deZB uked dqEHkdkj eUFku ik=
(eVds) rFkk fehds cus dlksjs] dqYgM+ vkfn vU;kU; ik= izLrqr
djrs gSa
oZ d h oZ e kuk[;% [kk'kdVdkjdkS A
lqfp='p fofp='p [;krkS fp=djkoqHkkS
85
HkkokuqoknoZdh vkSj oZeku uked nks Hk`R; Jh".kds

fy, iy vkSj cSyxkM+h vkfn cukusokys c<+bZ gSaA lqfp=&fofp=
uked fp=dkj Jh".kdh izlkrkds fy, j&fcjs fp= cukusdk
dk;Z djrs gSa
nkeeUFkkudqBkjisVh&f'kD;kfndkfj.k% A
dkjo% dq.M&d.Bksy&dj.M&dVqykn;%
Hkkokuqokndq.M] d.Bksy] dj.M] dVqy vkfn nkl f'kYidkj
gSaA ;s Jh".kdh lsokds fy, nke (jLlh)] eFkfu;k] dqBkj] isVh
vkSj f'kDdk (Qy] lCth vU;kU; oLrq, j[kusds fy, ikVdh
jLlhls cuh gqbZ Vksdjh) vkfn izLrqr djrs gSa
eyk fiyk xk fi'kh ef.kdLruhA
galh oa'khfiz;sR;k|k uSfpD;LrL; lqfiz;k%
Hkkokuqokneyk] fiyk] xk] fi'kh] ef.kdLruh] galh
vkSj oa'khfiz;k vkfn xk;sa Jh".kdks ijefiz; gaS rFkk uSfpdh
vFkkZr~ mke xk;ds :iesa fo[;kr gSa
ixUk&fi'kk{kkS
cyhonkZofrfiz;kSA
lqjk[;% dqjksL; nfkyksHkkfHkk% dfi%
HkkokuqoknixUk vkSj fi'kk{k uked cSy Jh".kdks
vfrfiz; gSA Jh".kds e`xdk uke lqj rFkk cUnjdk uke
nfkyksHk gS
O;k?kz&HkzejdkS 'okukS jktgal% dyLou%A
f'k[kh rk.MfodkfHk[;% 'kqdkS n{k&fop{k.kkS
HkkokuqoknJh".kds ikl O;k?kz vkSj Hkzej uked nks ikyrq
dqks] dyLou uked jktgal] rk.Mfod uked e;wj rFkk n{k vkSj
fop{k.k uked nks 'kqdi{kh Hkh gSa
86
LFkkufooj.ke~
(yhyk&LFkfy;ksadk fooj.k)
oÙnkoua egks|kua Js;ks fu%Js;lknfiA

hMkfxfj;ZFkkFkkZ[;% Jheku~ xksoZuks er%
uhye.Mfidk ?k% dUnjk ef.kdUnyh(d)
Hkkokuqoknozte.My fLFkr vU;kU; ouksadh vis{kk loZrksHkkosu
izkku ou JhoÙnkou lc izdkjds eyksaeas Js"B eyLo:i gSA
oztdh yhykLFkyh Jheku~ fxfjjkt xksoZuus ty vkSj dksey&dksey
?kkl bR;kfn izLrqr djds xS;kvksa] Qy&ewy&dUn&ikuh; vkSj
foJke LFky vkfn izLrqr djds xksiksa rFkk LoPNUn fogkj gsrq
fuHk`r dqt] xgoj vkfn izLrqr djds xksfi;ksad
s s vkuUndks okr
fd;k gSA blds }kjk bUgksaus vius xksoZu (vFkkZr~ xks] xksi] xksihds
vkuUndks okr djusokyk) ukedks lkFkZd cukusds lkFk&gh&lkFk
Jh".kdh yhykesa cgqr lgk;rkdh gS] vr,o bUgsa hM+kfxfj vFkkZr~
fogkj Hkwfe Jhfxfjjkt xksoZu dgdj iqdkjuk mfpr gh gSA
JhxksoZuesa uhye.Mfidk ?kkV vkSj ef.kdUnyh ukedh
dUnjk gS&(d)
?kks ekulxk;k% ikjks uke foJqr%([k)
lqfoyklrjk uke rfj;Z= fojktrs(d)
Hkkokuqoknekul&xkdk ?kkV ikj ?kkV ukels fo[;kr gSA
ogkij ^lqfoyklrjk* ukedh ukSdk fojkteku gS([k)&(d)
ukEuk uUnh'oj% 'kSyks efUnja LQqjfnfUnje~([k)
vkLFkkuh&e.Mi% ik.Mqx.M'kSykleksTToy%A
vkeksnoZuks
uke
ijekeksnokflr%
HkkokuqoknuUnh'oj uked ioZr Jh".kdk efUnj vFkkZr~
fuokl LFkku gS] ;g bruk 'kksHkk'kkyh gS fd ekuks lk{kkr~
y{ehnsoh ;gk okl dj jgh gksaA blh uUnh'oj ioZrij fLFkr
gYdk ihykiu fy;s LkQsn&lh fn[kk;h nsusokyh c`gn~ f'kykds ij
87
mke fpksals lq'kksfHkr] mTToy fn[kk;h nsusokyk Hkou Jh".kdk

vkokl LFkku gSA lHkh bls ^vkeksnoZu* dgdj iqdkjrs gSa] D;ksafd
bl Hkouesa oztds LFkkoj&te] dhV&ir] i'kq&i{kh] unh] ioZr]
xksi&Xkksih vkfn lHkhds n;dks mUekfnr djusokys Jh".k JhuUn]
;'kksnk] cynso vkSj jksfg.kh eS;k vkfnds lkFk okl djrs
gSa([k)&
ikouk[;a lj% hMkdqtiqtLQqjkVe~A
dqta dke&egkrhFk eUnkjks ef.kdqfe%
HkkokuqoknuUnh'oj ioZrdh rygVhesa fLFkr ikou ljksoj gh
Jh".kdk viuk ljksoj gSA bldk rV cgqr euksje yhyk&dqtksa
}kjk 'kksHkk;eku gSA Jh".kds dqtdk uke dke&egkrhFkZ rFkk
mlesa cuh ef.ke; dksBjhdk uke eUnkj gS
U;xzkskjktks Hkk.Mhj% dnEcLrq dnEcjkV~A
vujHkwukZe
yhykiqfyueqP;rs
HkkokuqoknJh".kds yhyki;ksxh U;xzkskjkt vFkkZr~ izfl
oV o`{kdk uke Hkk.Mhj rFkk dnEc o`{kdk uke dnEcjkt gSA
yhyk&dqtksals lq'kksfHkr ;equkiqfyu vuj Hkwfeds ukels izfl
gS
;equk;k egkrhFk [ksykrhFk rnqP;rsA
ijeizs"B;k lk lnk ;= l [ksyfr
HkkokuqoknJh".k viuh ije izs;lh Jherh jkkkds lkFk
ftl dqtesa lnSo yhyk&foykl djrs gSa] Jh;equkds egkrhFkZ
Lo:i ml dqtdks [ksykrhFkZ dgrs gaS
Jh".kL; O;ogk;ZO;kf.k
(Jh".k }kjk O;ogkj fd;s tkusokys O;ksadk o.kZu)
'kjfnUnqLrq eqdqjks O;tua ekqek#re~A

yhykia lnkLesja xks.Mqdf'p=dksjd%
88
HkkokuqoknJh".kds niZ.kdk uke 'kjfnUnq] rkyoàr (ia[ks)

dk uke ekqek#r] yhykdeydk uke lnkLesj rFkk xsandk uke
fp=dksjd gS
f'kftuh etqy'kj% ef.kcUkkVuh;qxe~A
foykldkeZ.ka uke dkeqZda Lo.kZfpf=re~
HkkokuqoknJh".kds lksusls cus kuq"kdk uke foykl&dkeZ.k
gSaA bl kuq"kdh Mksjhdk uke etqy'kj gS] ftlds nksuksa fdukjs
ef.k;ksals cks gq, gSa
fnO;jRuLQqjUeqf"VLrqf"Vnk uke dkZjhA
eU?kks"kks fo"kk.kksL; oa'kh Hkqoueksfguh
HkkokuqoknJh".kdh dVkjh (dSaphdk) uke rqf"Vnk gS]
bldh eqh fnO; jRuksals vkc gksusds dkj.k ns[kusesa cgqr gh
euksje gSA fo"kk.k vFkkZr~ ctkusokys lhaxsdk uke eU?kks"k rFkk
oa'khdk uke Hkqoueksfguh gS
jkkkUehucfM+ ' kh egkuUnkfHkkkfi pA
"kMUkzcUkqjk os.kq% [;krk enu>afr%
Hkkokuqokn;g oa'kh Jhjkkkds
ofu:ih cfM'k (dkVs) }kjk o'khHkwr
vkufUnr dj nsrh gS] blfy, bls
os.kqds Ng fN enu>afrds ukels
fpkLo:i eRL;dks viuh

djds Jh".kds n;dks ije
egkuUnk Hkh dgrs gSaA bl
izfl gSa
dkdyh&ewfdrfidk eqjyh ljykfHkkkA

xkSMh p xqtZjh psfr jkxkoR;UroYyHkkS
Hkkokuqokndksfdy tSls eUn&ekqj Lojdks vykiusokyh
Jh".kdh eqjyhdk uke ljyk gSA xkSMh vkSj xqtZjh uked nks jkx
Jh".kdks vfrfiz; gaS
tI;% lk;kfr% izs"BkfHkkkua euqjqr%(d)
89
Hkkokuqoknlk; oLrqdks izkIr djusds fy, Jh".k }kjk tik

tkusokyk vqr eU= mudh izs;lh Jherh jkkkthdk uke
gS(d)
n.MLrq e.Muks uke oh.kk uke rjf.khA
ik'kkS
i'kqo'khdkjkS
nksgU;e`rnksguh([k)
HkkokuqoknJh".kds n.Mdk uke e.Mu rFkk oh.kkdk uke
rjf.kh gSA xk; nksgusds fy, i'kqo'khdkj uked nks jfLl;k gaSA
nksgu ik=dk uke ve`rnksguh gS([k)
Hkw"k.kkfu
(Jh".kds vkHkw"k.kksadk o.kZu)
vEckirk
egkj{kk
uojRukfrk
Hkqts
HkkokuqoknJh".kdh nksuksa Hkqtkvksaij] ekrk ;'kksnk }kjk ckks

x;s ukS vewY; jRuksals() tfM+r egkj{kk&dop fojkftr gSa
vns jnkfHk[;s pus uke d.ksA
eqk jRueq[kh ihra oklks fuxe&'kksHkue~
HkkokuqoknJh".kds nksuksa vnkas vFkkZr~ cktwcUnksadk uke
jn] d.kksadk uke pu] ukekfr eqfdk (vxwBh) dk uke
jRueq[kh rFkk ihrkEcj oL=dk uke fuxe'kksHku vFkkZr~ Jqfr;ksadh
'kksHkk c<+kusokyk gS
fdf.kh dy>kjk ethjkS galxtukSA
dqju;uk&fpkdqjgj&f'kftrkS
HkkokuqoknJh".kdh fdf.kh vFkkZr~ djkuhdk uke dy>kjk
gS rFkk uqiwjksadk uke galxtu gSA ftudh ekqj >dkj dqju;uk
(gfj.k tSlh vk[kksaokyh) xksfi;ksads dqj:ih ppy fpkdk gj.k
dj ysrh gS
()
eqk] ekf.kD;] oSn;

w ]Z xksens (yglfu;k) otz] foqe] ijkx] ejdr vkSj
uhyuojRu dgykrs gSaA
90
gkjLrkjkoyh uke ef.kekyk rfMRizHkkA

#jkkkizfrfru"dks
n;eksnu%
HkkokuqoknJh".kds gkjdk uke rkjkoyh] ef.k;ksals cuh gqbZ
ekykdk uke rfM+RizHkk rFkk o{k%LFky fLFkr inddk uke
n;eksgu gS] ftlds vUnj Jhjkkkdh Nfo cuh gqbZ gS
dkSLrqHkk[;ks ef.k;sZu izfo'; nekSjxe~A
dkfy;izs;lhoÙngLrSjkReksigkfjr%
HkkokuqoknJh".kdh ef.kdk uke dkSLrqHk gSA Jh".kus ftl
le; dkfy;nesa izos'k fd;k Fkk] ml le; dkfy; ukxdh
izs;fl;ksaus vius gkFkksals Jh".kdks ;g ef.k migkjesa nh Fkh
dq.Mys edjkdkjs jfrjkxkfknSorsA
fdjhVa jRuikjk[;a pwMk pkejMkejh
Hkkokuqoknnksuksa edjkdkj dq.My jfrjkxfknSork ukels
izfl gSA fdjhV (eqdqV) dk uke jRuikj rFkk pwM+kdk uke
pkejMkejh gS
uojRufoMEck[;a f'k[k.Ma eqdqVa fonq%A
jkxoYyh rq xqtkyh fryda n`f"Veksgue~
HkkokuqoknJh".kds eLrdij fLFkr f'k[k.M vFkkZr~ e;wjiqNls
cus gq, eqdqVdk uke ûojRufoMEc*] xqtkekykdk uke jkxoYyh
rFkk fryddk uke n`f"Veksgu gS
i=iq"ie;h ekyk ouekyk inkofk%A
oSt;Urh rq dqlqeS% ipo.kSZ ofuerk
Hkkokuqoknvusd izdkjds i= vkSj iq"iksals cuh] pj.kdeyksa
rd yVdusokyh Jh".kdh ekykdk uke ouekyk rFkk ikp
izdkjds fHkk&fHkk jksaokys iq"iksals cuh gqbZ ekykdk uke oSt;Urh
ekyk gS
91
tUeukyark iq.;k ".kk Hkkk"Veh fu'kkA

izs;L;k lg jksfg.;k 'k'kh ;L;keqnsf;oku~
HkkokuqoknHkkekldh ".ki{kh; v"Vehdh jkf= gh Jh".kdh
tUefrfFk gS] ;g frfFk Jh".kds tUe }kjk vyar gksdj lalkjesa
vius xkSjodks izdkf'kr dj jgh gSA bl frfFkesa pUek viuh
izs;lh jksfg.kh() u{k=ds lkFk mfnr gksrs gSa
Jh".kL; izs;L;%
(Jh".kdh izs;fl;k)
vFk rL;kuqdh;ZUrs izs;L;% ijekqrk%A
jekfnH;ksI;q#izselkSHkkX;HkjHkwf"krk%
Hkkokuqoknvc y{eh vkfnls Hkh vR;fkd izse:ih lkSHkkX;ds

vfr'k;ls foHkwf"kr ije vqr Jh".kdh izs;fl;ksadk xq.kxku fd;k
tk jgk gS
Jhjkkk
(Jherh jkkkjkuhds :i yko.;dk o.kZu)
vkHkhjlqHkzqoka Js"Bk jkkk oÙnkous'ojhA

vL;k% l[;'p yfyrkfo'kk[kk|k% lqfoJqrk%
Hkkokuqoknoztdh xksikukvksaesa oÙnkous'ojh Jhjkkk loZJs"B
gSaA yfyrk vkSj fo'kk[kk vkfn lf[k;k Jhjkkkdh izkku l[khds
:iesa fo[;kr gSa
pUkoyh p ik p ';kek 'kSC;k p HkfdkA
rkjk fofp=k xksikyh ikfydk pU'kkfydk
eyk foeyk yhyk rjyk{kh euksjekA
dUniZetjh etqHkkf"k.kh [ktus{k.kk
()
;g jFkds vkdkjdk vkSj ikp rkjksals cuk ekuk tkrk gSA iqjk.kkuqlkj
;g n{kdh dU;k vkSj pUekdh iRuh gSA
92
dqeqnk dSjoh 'kkjh 'kkjnk{kh fo'kkjnkA

'kjh dqek ".kk 'kkjhUkoyh f'kok
rkjkoyh
gkjkoyh
xq.korh lqeq[kh dsfyetjhA

pdksjk{kh Hkkjrh deykn;%
HkkokuqoknpUkoyh] ik] ';kek] 'kSC;k] Hkfdk] rkjk] fofp=k]

xksikyh] ikfydk] pU'kkfydk] eyk] foeyk] yhyk] rjyk{kh]
euksjek] dUniZetjh] etqHkkf"k.kh] [ktus{k.kk] dqenq k] dSjoh]
'kkjh] 'kkjnk{kh] fo'kkjnk] 'kjh] dqe
q k] ".kk] 'kkjh] bUkoyh]
f'kok] rkjkoyh] xq.korh] lqe[q kh] dsfyetjh] gkjkoyh] pdksjk{kh]
Hkkjrh vkSj deyk vkfn xksikuk, Jh".kdh iz;s fl;k gS
a &
vklka ;wFkkfu 'kr'k% [;krkU;kHkhjlqHkzqoke~A
y{kla[;kLrq dfFkrk ;wFks ;wFks ojkuk%
Hkkokuqoknbu xksikukvksads lSdM+ksa ;wFk gSaA bu ;wFkksaesa
foHk ojkukvksadh la[;k Hkh yk[kksaesa gS
eq[;k% L;qLrs"kq ;wFks"kq dkUrk% loZxq.kkskek%A
jkkk pUkoyh Hkk ';keyk ikfydkn;%
Hkkokuqoknmu lc ;wFkksaesals jkkk] pUkoyh] Hkk] ';keyk
vkSj ikfydk vkfn vius loksZke xq.kksads dkj.k eq[; dkUrk,
dgykrh gSa
r=kfi loZFkk Js"Bs jkkkpUkoyhR;qHksA
;wFk;ksLrq r;ks% lfUr dksfVla[;k e`xhn`'k%
Hkkokuqoknbuesals iqu% Jhjkkk rFkk JhpUkoyh;s nks
dkUrk, loZJs"B gSaA bu nksuksa dkUrkvksads vius&vius ;wFkesa
djksM+ksadh la[;kesa e`xu;uk oztuk, okZeku gSa
r;ksjI;qHk;kseZ;s
loZekkq;ZrksfkdkA
jkfkdk foJqr ;krk ;kUkokZ[;;k JqrkS
93
Hkkokuqoknbu nksuksa dkUrkvksaesa Hkh leLr izdkjds ekkq;Z:ih

xq.kksadh ijkdk"Bkds dkj.k Jhjkkkth gh izkku dkUrkds :iesa
izfl gSa] Jqfr;ksaesa bUgsa ^xkUkokZ* dgk x;k gS
vlekuksZekkq;Zkq;ksZ
xksisUuUnu%A
;L;k% izk.kijkkZuka ijkkZnfi oYyHk%
Hkkokuqoknekkq;Zesa u rks dksbZ ftuds leku vkSj u gh dksbZ
ftuls Js"B gSa] ,sls xksiUuUnu Jh".k gh Jhjkkkthds oYyHk gSaA
ijkZ() la[;kdks ijkZ la[;kls xq.kk djusij tks la[;k gksrh gS]
Jherh jkkkdks Jh".k vius izk.kksals mrus xquk vfkd fiz; gSaA
oSfnd x.kukds vuqlkj xf.krds lcls NksVs vdks ,d]
mldk nl xquk nl] nldk nl xquk 'kr (lkS)] lkSdk nl xquk
lg (,d gtkj)] lgdk nl xquk v;qr (nl gtkj)] v;qrdk
nl xquk y{k (,d yk[k)] y{kdk nl xquk fu;qr (nl yk[k)]
fu;qrdk nl xquk dksfV (,d djksM+)] dksfVdk nl xquk vcZqn
(nl djksM+)] vcZqndk nl xquk oÙn (,d vjc)] oÙndk nl xquk
[koZ (nl vjc)] [koZdk nl xquk fu[koZ (,d [kjc)] fu[koZdk
nl xquk 'ka[k (nl [kjc)] 'ka[kdk nl xquk i (\)] idk nl
xquk lkxj] lkxjdk nl xquk vUR;] vUR;dk nl xquk e; vkSj
e;dk nl xquk ijkZ dgykrk gSA
dgusdk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vuUr ijkZdks vuUr ijkZls
xquk djusij tks la[;k ge fpUrk dj lgrs gSa] mlls Hkh vuUr
xquk vfkd Jhjkkkth Jh".kls izhfr djrh gSa vFkkZr~ Jhjkkkth
".kls fdruh izhfr djrh gSa] mldh dYiuk djuk fdlhds fy,
Hkh lEHkoij ugha gS
Jhjkkk:iyko.;a fo'ks"kkr~ ifjdh;ZrsA
ukukoSnXkhuSiq.;k lqkk.kZo&Lo:fi.kh
Hkkokuqoknvc Jhjkkkds :i&yko.;dk fo'ks"k :ils xq.kxku
fd;k tk jgk gSA
94
Jhjkkk fofok izdkjdh oSnfXk;ksa (dykpkrq;Z) esa ije

if.Mrk vkSj ve`dh lkxj Lo:fi.kh gSa
uoxksjkspukHkkfrqZrgseleizHkk
A
fdEok fLFkjk fo|qfno :ikfrijeksTToyk
HkkokuqoknJhjkkk uohu xksjkspuk] rik;s gq, lqo.kZ vFkok
fLFkj&fo|qrds leku ije mTToy xkSj vksaokyh gS
fofp=a uhyolua rL;k'p ifj'kksfHkre~A
ukukeqkHkwf"krkh
ukukiq"ifojkftrk
HkkokuqoknJhjkkk ije 'kksHkk;eku uhys jds oL=ksadks
kkj.k djrh gSA ;s ukuk izdkjdh eqkvksals Hkwf"kr vksaokyh rFkk
ukuk iq"iksals lq'kksfHkr gS
nh?kZds'kh lqyko.;&eqkekyklq'kksfHkrkA
iq"iekyk&lqfoU;klk lqos.kh ijeksTToyk
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds v yko.;ls ifjiw.kZ rFkk eqk ekykvksals
lq'kksfHkr gSaA buds ds'k cgqr yEcs rFkk vuwBh os.kh lqUnj :ils
xwFkh x;h iq"iekykvksa }kjk ije 'kksHkk;eku gS
lqHkky% ijekshIr% flUnwj&ifjHkwf"kr%A
ukukfp=kydk HkkfUr fp=i=lq'kksfHkrk%
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdk lqUnj yykV flUnwjds fcUnqls lq'kksfHkr
gksusds dkj.k vR;Ur nhfIreku gks jgk gSA muds diksyksaij
yVdrh gqbZ fofp= vydkoyh fofp= fryd jpukds lkFk
feydj 'kksHkkdh lhekdks Hkh ikj dj jgh gS
ckgq;qXea lqyko.;a uhyd.k'kksfHkre~A
vun.Myko.;eksfguh ijek Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds uhys jdh ef.k;ksals cus duksads }kjk
lq'kksfHkr lqyko.;;q ckgq;qxy vun.Myko.; vFkkZr~ yko.;e;
95
Hkqtn.Mokys dkensods eudks Hkh o'khHkwrdj eksfgr cuk nsusokys

gS
a
u;uksRiy;qXep
vkd.kZifj'kksfHkre~A
dTTyksTToynhfIr'p =SyksD;tf;uh ijk
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds foLr`r u;udey dkuksa rd 'kksHkk;eku
gSaA bu u;uksRiyksaesa dktydh mTToy nhfIr fojkteku gSA ,slk
yx jgk gS ekuks Jhjkkkds u;udey viuh ije 'kksHkkls
f=yksdhdh 'kksHkkij fot; izkIr dj jgs gSa
ukfldk fryiq"ikHkk eqkos'kj'kksfHkrkA
ukuk lqxUk;qk lk ijk nhfIrerh Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknJhjkfkdkdh ukfldk fry iq"ids leku lqUnj
rFkk eqk;q cslj (ukdds vkHkw"k.k) }kjk lq'kksfHkr gSA fofok
dkjdh lqxfUk;ksals lqokflr Jhjkkk ije lkSnU;Zorh gSa
jRurkM;qXep ukukfp= fofuere~A
vks"Bkkj% lqkkjE;ks jksRiyfofutr%
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds jRuksals tM+s gq, rkM (dkuds vkHkw"k.k)
ukuk izdkjds fp=&fofp= f'kYi dk;Zds }kjk lqUnj :ils fuer
gSaA vkj lqkkls Hkh vfkd deuh; rFkk viuh ykfyek }kjk
yky deydks Hkh frjLr (ijkftr) dj jgs gaS
eqkekyk nUri~h jlukifj'kksfHkrkA
eq[kia lqyko.;a dksfVpUizHkkdje~A
fcEcoPp lqkkjE;izsegkL;;qra Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh vfr lqUnj jluk (ftk) }kjk lq'kksfHkr
nUriaf eqkekykds leku mTToy gSA lqUnj yko.;ls ;q
eq[kdey dksfV&dksfV pUekvksadh 'kksHkkdk vkdjLo:i rFkk
ve`rds leku je.kh; izsee;h eqLdkuls ;q gS
96
fpcqdL; lqyko.;a dUniZeksgua ije~A

eflfcUnq% lqyko.;ks gsekCts Hkzejh ;Fkk
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdk fpcqd ftl lqUnj yko.;ls ;q gS]
mlij dUniZ Hkh fo'ks"k :ils eqXk gks tkrk gSA m fpcqdesa cus
efl (dktyds) fcUnqdks ns[kdj ,slk yxrk gS ekuks Lo.kZ deyds
chpesa Hkzejh cSBh gqbZ gks
d.Bns'ks
fp=js[kk
eqkekykfoHkwf"krkA
i`"Bxzhok lqjE;k p ik'osZfi eksfguh Hkosr~
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdk d.B (lqUnjrkesa pkj pkn yxkusokyk)
fp=js[kkvksals ;q d.B eqk ekykvksals foHkwf"kr gSA ihB vkSj
xzhok (xnZuds ihNsdk Hkkx) lqUnj je.kh; gS rFkk nksuksa ik'oZ (mnj
vkSj ihBds e; fLFkr Hkkx) eueksg ysusokys gSa
o{k%LFkya lqyko.;a gsedqEHklq'kksfHkre~A
dpqY;kPNkfnra rL;k eqkgkj&fojkftre~
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdk lqyko.;;q o{k%LFky lqo.kZe; dqEHk
(Lru&;qxy) ls lq'kksfHkr] dpqyh }kjk vkPNkfnr rFkk eqkgkjls
lq'kksfHkr gS
lqckgq;qxya rL;k yko.;eksgdkfj pA
jRukns r;kseZ;s oy;kifj'kksfHkrs
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh yko.; eksgudkjh lqUnj Hkqtkvksaesa
fLFkr jRue; vnksa (cktwcUnksa) ds e; Hkkxesa oy; (yVdrs
gq, NYys) 'kksHkk ik jgs gSa
jRud.knhIrs p
jksRiya gLr;qXea
jRuxqPN&fojkftrsA
u[kpUlqnhIrde~
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds gkFk jRutfM+r duksa }kjk 'kksHkk;eku

gaS rFkk muesa jRue; xqPN (eqkvksals cus ckhl yfM+;ksaokys
97
du) Hkh fojkftr gSaA yky deydh Hkkfr fn[kk;h nsusokys

muds gLrdey u[kpUksals fudyusokyh vuks[kh NVk }kjk
>yey&>yey dj jgs gSa
djfpkfu
(Jhjkkkdh gFksfy;ksaij vfr fpksadk o.kZu)
Hk`kEHkkst&'kf'kdyk dq.MyPN=&;wid%A
'ka[ko`{k&dqlqed&pkej&LofLrdkn;%
,rs fpk% 'kqHkdjk ukukfp=fojkftrk%A
djkY;% lqnhIrk'p jRukjh;&Hkwf"krk%
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds gLrdey Hkzej] i] pUdyk] dq.My]
N=] ;wi (fot;&Lekjd)] 'ka[k] o`{k] dqlqe] pkej vkSj LofLrd
vkfn ukuk izdkjds eytud fp=ksals lq'kksfHkr gSaA muds gkFkksadh
lqnhIr vfq y;k jRue; vxwfB;ksals foHkwf"kr gaS&
mnja ekqyko.;a fuEuukfHklq'kksfHkre~A
lqkkjl&iziw.kZp =SyksD;&eksgua ije~
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdk mnj ekqls Hkh vfkd yko.;e; rFkk
xEHkhj ukfHk }kjk lq'kksfHkr gSA ;g lqkkjlls ifjiw.kZ gksusds dkj.k
f=yksdhdks vR;fkd eksfgr djusokyk gS
{kh.ke;a dfVrVa yko.;HkjHkje~A
ofy=;hyrkck fdf.khtky'kksfHkrke~
Hkkokuqokne; Hkkxls {kh.k gksrs&gksrs Jhjkkkds furEc ml
yko.;e; dejdks Li'kZ djrs gSa] tks f=oyh:i yrkds }kjk c
vkSj tkyds vkdkj tSlh ?kq?k#vksals tM+h djkuh }kjk lq'kksfHkr
gS
# }kS jkejEHkso eukst&fpkeksgukSA
tkuw }kS p lqyko.;kS ukukdsfy&jlkdjkS
98
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh dsysds vkUrj Hkkx tSlh fn[kk;h

nsusokyh euksgj t?kk, dUniZds Hkh fpkdks eksfgr djusokyh gSaA
lqUnj yko.;;q ?kqVus fofok dsfyjlds vkdjLo:i gaS
Jhikni;qXep
ef.kuwiqjHkwf"kre~A
ojktlqyko.;&inkjh;&'kksfHkre~
Hkkokuqoknef.k;ksl
a s cus uqijw ksa }kjk foHkwf"kr Jhjkkkds ikni;qxy
lqyko.;ls ifjiw.kZ ojkt (ryoksads uhpsokys kqekonkj LFkku)
}kjk lqlfTtr rFkk Jhpj.kksadh vfq y;k fcfN;ksa }kjk lq'kksfHkr
gS
a
pj.kfpkfu
(Jhjkkkds pj.kfp)
'ka[ksUnq&dqtj&;oSjq'kks"kq&jFkotS% A
rksej&LofLr&eRL;kfn 'kqHkfpkS iknkofi
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds ikniksaesa 'ka[k] pU] gkFkh] ;o (tkS)]
vadq'k] jFk] otk] Mksej (Me#)] LofLrd vkSj eRL; vkfn
'kqHkfp fojkftr gaS
vkipn'ko"kZp o;% dS'kksjdksTToye~
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh iUg o"khZ; dS'kksj voLFkk mTToyrkls
ifjiw.kZ gSa
ekr`dksVsjfi fLuXkk ;= xksisUxsfguh(d)
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds izfr xksisU x`fg.kh Jherh ;'kksnknsoh
djksM+ks&djksM+ks ekrkvksads okRlY; izsels Hkh vfkd Lusg j[krh
gS
a (d)
o`"kHkkuq% firk rL;k o`"kHkkuqfjoksTToy%([k)
jRuxHkkZf{krkS [;krk dhknk tuuh Hkosr~(d)
99
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds firk o`"kHkkuq egkjkt o`"k jkf'kesa fLFkr

Hkkuq vFkkZr~ lw;Zds leku mTToy gSaA Jhjkkkdh ekrkdk uke
Jhdhknk lqUnjh gSA ;s txr~esa jRuxHkkZds ukels fo[;kr
gaS([k)&(d)
firkegks eghHkkuqfjUnqekZrkegks er%([k)
ekrkegh&firkekS eq[kjk&lq[kns mHks(d)
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds firkeg (nknk) dk uke eghHkkuq rFkk
ekrkeg (ukuk) dk uke bUnq gSA Jhjkkkdh firkegh (nknh) dk
uke lq[knk rFkk ekrkegh (ukuh) dk uke eq[kjk gS([k)&
(d)
jRuHkkuq% lqHkkuq'p Hkkuq'p Hkzkrj% firq%([k)
HkkokuqoknjRuHkkuq] lqHkkuq vkSj Hkkuq;s rhuksa firk Jho`"kHkkuq
egkjktds HkkbZ vFkkZr~ Jhjkkkds pkpk gSa([k)
HkdhkeZgkdhk% dhkpU'p ekrqyk%A
ekrqY;ks esudk "k"Bh xkSjh kk=h p kkrdh
HkkokuqoknHkdhk] egkdhk] dhkpU] ;s rhuksa Jhjkkkds
ekek rFkk esudk] "k"Bh] xkSjh] kk=h vkSj kkrdh] ;s ikpks ekfe;k
gS
a
Lolk dhkerh ekrqHkkZuqeqk fir`LolkA
fir`Lolìfr% dk'kks ekr`Lolìfr% dq'k%
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh ekrkdh cgu vFkkZr~ ekSlhdk uke
dhkerh rFkk firkdh cgu vFkkZr~ cqvkdk uke Hkkuqeqk gSA
QwQkdk uke dk'k rFkk ekSlkdk uke dq'k gS
Jhnkek iwoZtks Hkzkrk dfu"BkuetjhA(d)
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds cMs+ HkkbZdk uke Jhnke rFkk NksVh
cgudk uke Jhvuetjh gS(d)
100
'o'kqjks
o`dxksi'p
nsojks
nqeZnkfHkk%([k)
'oJwLrq tfVyk [;krk ifreU;ksfHkeU;qd%A

uuUnk dqfVyk&ukEuh lnkfPNfokkf;uh
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds llqjdk uke o`dxksi vkSj nsojdk uke
nqeZn gSA Jhjkkkdh lkldk uke tfVyk rFkk ifr vfHkeU;q
ifrEeU; vFkkZr~ dsoyek= ifrdk vfHkeku djusokyk gSA lc
le; nks"kksadk vuqlUkku djusesa rRij jguhokyh uUndk uke
dqfVyk gS(d)&
ijeizs"Bl[;Lrq yfyrk lfo'kkf[kdkA
lqfp=k
pEidyrkjnsohlqnsfodkA
rqfo|sUnqys[ks rs v"VkS loZx.kkfxzek%
Hkkokuqoknyfyrk] fo'kk[kk] lqfp=k] pEidyrk] jnsoh]
lqnsoh] rqfo|k vkSj bUnqys[kk uked vkB ije izs"B lf[k;k
Jhjkkkdh lf[k;ksaesa vxzx.; vFkkZr~ eq[k gSa
fiz;l[;%
(Jhjkkkdh fiz;lf[k;k)
fiz;l[;% dqjk{kh e.Myh ef.kdq.MykA

ekyrh pUyfrdk ekkoh enukylk
etqeskk 'kf'kdyk lqe;k ekqjs{k.kkA
deyk dkeyfrdk xq.kpwM+k ojknk
ekkqjh pfUdk izseetjh ruqe;ekA
dUniZlqUnjh etqds'khR;k|kLrq dksfV'k%
Hkkokuqokndqjk{kh] e.Myh] ef.kdq.Myk] ekyrh] pUyfrdk]
ekkoh] enukylk] etqeskk] 'kf'kdyk] lqe;k] ekqjs{k.kk] deyk]
dkeyfrdk] xq.kpwM+k] ojknk] ekkqjh] pfUdk] ize
s etjh] ruqe;ek]
dUniZlqUnjh vkSj etqds'kh vkfn Jhjkkkdh djksM+ksa&djksM+ksa fiz;
lf[k;k gSa&
101
thforl[;%
(thfor lf[k;k vFkkZr~ izk.k lf[k;k)
mk thforl[;Lrq ykfldk dsyhdUnyhA

dknEcjh 'kf'keq[kh pUjs[kk fiz;aonk
enksUenk ekqerh oklUrh dyHkkf"k.khA
jRukoyh
ef.kerh
diwZjyfrdkn;%
Hkkokuqoknykfldk] dsyhdUnyh] dknEcjh] 'kf'keq[kh] pUjs[kk]
fiz;aonk] enksUenk] ekqerh] oklUrh] dyHkkf"k.kh] jRukoyh] ef.kerh
vkSj diwZjyfrdk vkfn Jhjkkkdh thfor lf[k;k gSa&
fuR;l[;%
(fuR; lf[k;k)
fuR;l[;Lrq dLrwjh euksKk ef.ketjhA

flUnwjk pUnuorh dkSeqnh efnjkn;%
HkkokuqokndLrwjh] euksKk] ef.ketjh] flUnwjk] pUnuorh]
dkSeqnh vkSj efnjk vkfn Jhjkkkdh fuR;lf[k;k gSa
Jhjkkk;k et;Z%
(Jherh jkfkdkdh etfj;k)
Jh:ietjh jkxetjh
yoetjh xq.ketjh
jfretjhA
jletjh
foykletjh izseetjh
lqo.kZetjh dkeetjh
ef.ketjhA
jRuetjh
dLrwjhetjh xUketjh us=etjhA

Jhietjh yhyketjh gseetjhA
HkkuqeR;U;i;kZ;k lqizsek jfretjh
HkkokuqoknJh:ietjh] jkxetjh] jfretjh] yoetjh]
xq.ketjh] jletjh] foykletjh] izseetjh] ef.ketjh]
102
lqo.kZetjh] dkeetjh] jRuetjh] dLrwjhetjh] xUketjh]

us=etjh] Jhietjh] yhyketjh vkSj gseetjh vkfn Jhjkkkdh
etfj;k gSaA
lqizsek vFkkZr~ izse etjh vkSj jfretjh uked nksuksa
etfj;k Hkkuqerhds ukels Hkh tkuh tkrh gSa&
Jhjkkk;k mikL;%
(Jhjkkkds mikL;)
mikL;ks txrka p{kqHkZxoku~ ickUko%A
tI;% LokHkh"VlalxhZ ".kuke egkeuq%A
ikS.kZeklh Hkxorh loZlkSHkkX;ouh
Hkkokuqokntxr~okfl;ksads us=Lo:i Hkxoku~ icUkq lw;Z
Jhjkkkds mikL;nso rFkk fut&vHkh"Vdks kIr djkusokyk ".kuke
egkeU= gh mudk tI; eU= gSA Hkxorh ikS.kZeklh gh muds leLr
lkSHkkX;ksadks c<+kusokyh gaS
l[;kfnfo'ks"kk%
(lf[k;ksadk fo'ks"k fooj.k)
yfyrk|k v"Vl[;ks et;ZLr.k'p ;%A

lokZ oÙnkous'o;kZ% izk;% lk:I;ekxrk%
Hkkokuqoknyfyrkfn vkB lf[k;k] etfj;k rFkk muds
leLr x.k oÙnkous'ojh Jhjkkkds lk:I; vFkkZr~ muds tSls
lkSUn;Zls 'kksHkk;eku gSa
dkuukfnxrk% l[;ks oÙnk&dqUnyrkn;%A
kfu"Bk xq.kekyk|k cYyos'oj&xsgxk%
HkkokuqoknoÙnk vkSj dqUnyrk vkfn lf[k;k ou&miouesa
vkus&tkusokyh rFkk ou&foyklesa lgk;rk djusokyh gaSA kfu"Bk
103
vkSj xq.kekyk vkfn lf[k;k xksijkt uUn egkjktds Hkouesa gh

jgusokyh gSa
dkenk uke kk=s;h l[khHkkofo'ks"kHkkd~A
jkxys[kk&dykdsyh&etqyk|kLrq nkfldk%
Hkkokuqoknkk=h iq=h dkenk fo'ks"k djds Jhjkkkds l[khHkkols
;q gSA jkxys[kk] dykdsyh rFkk etqyk vkfn Jhjkkkdh nkfl;k
gS
a
ukUnheq[kh fcUnqorhR;k|k% lfUkfokkf;dk%A
lqRi{kr;k [;krk% ';keyk eykn;%
HkkokuqoknukUnheq[kh vkSj fcUnqerh vkfn lf[k;k Jhjkkk".kesa
gq, ijLij ekudks nwjdj lfUk&dk;Z vFkkZr~ feyu lEik djkrh
gaSA ';keyk vkSj eyk vkfn lf[k;k lqr~i{kds ukels fo[;kr
gaS
izfri{kr;k [;kr xrk'pUkoyheq[kk%
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds izfri{kds :iesa eq[; :ils pUkoyh
fo[;kr gS
dykoR;ks jlksYyklk xq.krqk Lejksqjk%A
xUkokZLrq dykd.Bh lqd.Bh fiddf.BdkA
;k fo'kk[kkrxhrhxkZ;UR;% lq[knk gjs%
Hkkokuqoknxhr ok| vkfn dykvksaesa fuiq.k jlksYyklk]
xq.krqk] Lejksqjk] dykd.Bh] lqd.Bh vkSj fidd.BhJhjkkkdh
xUkoZ l[kh vFkkZr~ xhr xkusokyh lf[k;k gaSA ;s Jhfo'kk[kk }kjk
jfpr xhrksadk xku djds Jh".kdks fo'ks"k :ils vkufUnr djrh
gS
a
okn;UR;'p 'kqf"kja rrku&?kukU;fiA
ekf.kdh ueZnk izseorh dqlqeis'kyk%
104
Hkkokuqoknekf.kdh] ueZnk] izseorh vkSj dqlqeis'kykoa'kh

vkfn 'kqf"kj ok|] oh.kk vkfn rr ok|] <ksy vkfn vku ok|
rFkk djrky vkfn ?ku ok|dks ctkdj Jh".kdks vkufUnr djrh
gS
a
l[;'p fuR;l[;'p izk.kl[;'p dk'puA
fiz;l[;'p ijeizs"Bl[;% izdhkrk%
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh lf[k;kl[kh] fuR;l[kh] izk.kl[kh]
fiz;l[kh vkSj ijeizs"B l[kh ukels iz[;kr gSa
JhjkkkHk`R;k%
(Jhjkkkdh fdfj;k)
fnokdhkruwts rq lqxUkk ufyuhR;qHksA

eft"Bkjjkxk[;s jtdL; fd'kksfjds
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh nkfl;ksaesa lqxUkk vkSj ufyuh;s nksuksa
fnokdhk vFkkZr~ ukfir (ukbZ) dh dU;k rFkk eft"Bk vkSj
jjkxk;s nksuksa kkschdh dU;k, gSa
ikfyUh uke lSfjUkzh fpf=.kh fp=dkfj.khA
ekfU=dh rkfU=dh ukEuk nSoKk nSorkfj.kh
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh lSfjUkzh vFkkZr~ mUgsa os'kHkw"kk kkj.k
djkusokyhdk uke ikfyUh rFkk fp=dkfj.kh vFkkZr~ k`kj djkusokyhdk
uke fpf=.kh gSA nSo&?kVukls lrdZ djkusokys nks nSoKkvksa
(T;ksfr"k 'kkL= tkuusokyh nkfl;ksa) ds uke ekfU=dh vkSj rkfU=dh
gS
rFkk dkR;k;uhR;k|k nwfrdk o;lkfkdk%A
mHks HkkX;orh&iqtiq.;s gfidU;ds
HkkokuqokndkR;k;uh vkfn nwfr;k vk;qesa Jhjkkkls cM+h gSaA
HkkX;orh vkSj iqtiq.;k;s nksuksa nkfl;k esgrjdh dU;k,
gS
a
105
Hk`h eYyh erYyh p iqfyUndqydU;dk%A

dsfpr~ ".kx.kk'pkL;k% ifjokjr;k erk%
HkkokuqoknHk`h] eYyh vkSj erYyh;s iqfyUn tkfrdh
dU;k, gSaA buesals dksbZ rks Jh".kds i{kokyh vkSj dksbZ Jhjkkkds
i{kokyh ekuh tkrh gS
xkxhZ eq[;k eghiwT;k psVks Hk`kfjdkn;%A
lqcyksTToy&xUkoZ&ekqey&jdk%
A
fot;k|k jlkyk|k i;ksnk|k foVkn;%
HkkokuqoknxkxhZ vkfn Js"B czk.khx.k] Hk`kfjdk vkfn
psfV;k] lqcy] mTToy] xUkoZ] ekqey vkSj jd vkfn lsod
rFkk fot;k vkfn] jlkyk vkfn] i;ksnk vkfn] foVx.k vkfn
Jhjkkkds nkl gSa
vklkk loZnk rqh fi'kh dydUnykA
etqyk fcUnqyk lUkk e`nqyk|kLrq okfgdk%
Hkkokuqoknrqh] fi'kh] dydUnyk] etqyk] fcUnqyk] lUkk
vkSj e`nqyk ukedh fdfj;k lnSo Jhjkkkds fudV jgrh gSa rFkk
mudh oLrqvksadks ogu djrh gSa
lekalehuk% lqunk ;equk cgqykn;%A
ihuk oRlrjh rqh dD[kVh oèdZVhA
dqjh jf.kh [;krk pdksjh pk#pfUdk
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh xk;ksads uke lqunk] ;equk vkSj cgqyk
vkfn gaSA ;s lekalehuk vFkkZr~ izR;sd o"kZ izlo djrh gSa vkSj
dsoy cNMs+dks gh tUe nsrh gSA Jhjkkkdh f; "V&iq"V
cfN;kdk uke rqh] o` okujhdk uke dD[kVh] gfj.khdk uke
jfuh rFkk pdksjhdk uke pk#pfUdk gS
futdq.Mpjh rq.Mhdsjh uke ejkfydkA
e;wjh rqf.Mdk ukEuk 'kkfjds lw{ekh&'kqHks
106
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh gafluhdk uke rq.Mhdsjh gSA ;g gafluh

Jhjkkkds fut dq.M (Jhjkkkdq.M) esa fopj.k djrh gSA mudh
e;wjhdk uke rqf.M+dk rFkk lkfjdkvksa (eSuk if{k;ksa) ds uke
lw{ekh (lw{e cqfokyh) rFkk 'kqHkk gaS
i|kfuUkkfu yfyrknsO;k yfyrkfu LoukFk;ks%A
iBUR;kS fp=;k okpk ;s fp=hdq#r% l[kh%
Hkkokuqoknvius ukFk Jhjkkk vkSj Jh".kdh yhykdk
voyEcu djds Jhyfyrknsoh ftu euksgj xhrksadh jpuk djrh
gSa] ;s nksuksa lkfjdk, mUgsa lqekqj Lojls fofp= okD;ksaesa ikB djrs
gq, lf[k;ksads euesa vqr jldk lpkj djrh gaS
Hkw"k.kkfu
(Jhjkkkds Hkw"k.k)
fryda Lej;U=k[;a gkjks gfjeuksgj%A

jkspukS jRurkM+kS ?kzk.keqk izHkkdjh
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkds fryddk uke Lej&;U=] gkjdk uke
gfjeuksgj] jRue; rkM+ (dkuds vkHkw"k.k) dk uke jkspu rFkk
ukfldkdh eqkdk uke izHkkdjh gS
Nk".kiz f rPNk;a
L;eUrdkU;i;kZ;%
inda enukfHkke~ A
'ka[kpwM+&f'kjksef.k%
Hkkokuqokno{k%LFkyij fLFkr enu uked indds vUnj xqIr

:ils Jh".kdh Nfo fojkteku gSA Jherhthds L;eUrd ef.kdk
nwljk uke 'ka[kpwM+&f'kjksef.k gS
iq"ioUrkS f{kiu~ dkUR;k lkSHkkX;ef.k#P;rsA
dVdk'pVdkjkok%
ds;wjs
ef.kdcZqjs
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh lkSHkkX;ef.k vFkkZr~ o{k%LFkyij yVdrh
gqbZ ef.k] viuh izHkk }kjk iq"ioUrdks() Hkh fkDdkjrh gSA pj.kksaesa
()
blds fy, vxys i`"Bij ns[ksaA
107
tks dVd (lksusds dM+s) gS] mudk uke pVdkjko gS] D;ksafd
mudh >adkj pVd&'kCnds leku gS] ds;wj vFkkZr~ vn ef.kdcZqj
uked jfcjh ef.k;ksa }kjk lq'kksfHkr gS
eqk ukekfrk ukEuk foi{kenenuhA
dkph dkpufp=kh uwiqjs jRuxksiqjsA
ekqlwnuek#Uks ;;ks% f'kftr&etjh
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh ukekfr eqk vFkkZr~ vxwBhdk uke
^foi{kenenuh*] dkph vFkkZr~ djkuhdk uke dkpufp=kh rFkk
uwiqjdk uke jRuxksiqj gS budh >adkj Jhekqlwnudks Hkh tM+or~
cuk nsrh gS
oklks es?kkEcja uke dq#foUnfuHka rFkkA
vk|a Lofiz;eHkzkHka jeUR;a gjs% fiz;e~
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkth es?kkEcj vkSj dq#foUnfuHk uked nks
izdkjds oL= kkj.k djrh gSA igyk rks mudk viuk fiz; es?kds
leku uhys jdk vkSj nwljk Jh".kdk fiz; yky jdk
gS
lqkka'kqniZgj.kks
niZ.kks
ef.kckUko%
Hkkokuqoknpkjksa vksjls ef.k;ksads }kjk tM+s gq, niZ.kdk uke

lqkka'kq&niZgj.k gS vFkkZr~ tks niZ.k viuh 'kksHkkls lqkkdj vFkkZr~
pUds Hkh niZdks pw.kZ&fopw.kZ dj nsrk gS
'kykdk ueZnk gSeh LofLrnk jRudrhA
dUniZdqgyh uke okfVdk iq"iHkwf"krk
Hkkokuqoknlqo.kZ 'kykdk (ckyksaesa yxk;s tkusokys lksusls cus
dkVs) dk uke ueZnk] jRudrh (jRuksals tM+h gqbZ da?kh) dk uke
()
,d lkFk pU vkSj lw;Zds mfnr gksusij tks mTToyrk izdkf'kr gksrh

gS] mls iq"ioUr dgrs gSaA
108
LofLrnk vkSj okfVdk vFkkZr~ iq"i m|kudk uke dUniZ&dqgyh gSA

;g m|ku lnk&loZnk iq"iksals foHkwf"kr jgrk gS
Lo.kZ;wFkh rfM}Yyh dq.Ma [;kra Louker%A
uhiosnhrVs
;L;
jgL;dFku&LFkyh
Hkkokuqoknm|ku fLFkr Lo.kZ;Fw kh iq"idh yrkdk uke rfM}Yyh
gS] D;ksafd ;g fo|qrdh 'kksHkkls ifjiw.kZ gSA dq.M fut uke vFkkZr~
^Jhjkkkdq.M* ds ukels izfl gSA blh Jhjkkkdq.Mds rVij fLFkr
uhiosnh vFkkZr~ dnEc o`{kds uhps cuh gqbZ csnh Jhjkkk".kds
cSBusdk og LFkku gS] tgk os ijLij ukukfok xqIr dFkksidFku
djrs gSa
eYykj'p kukJh'p jkxkS n;eksnukSA
NkfyD;a nf;ra u`R;a oYyHkk #oYydh
HkkokuqokneYYkkj vkSj kukJh uked nks jkx n;&eksnu
vFkkZr~ eueksgudkjh gSaA NkfyD; uked u`R; gh fiz; u`R; gS]
#oYydh uke dh oh.kk gh vU;kU; ;U=ksadh vis{kk fiz;
ok|&;U= gS
tUeuk 'yk?;rka uhrk 'kqDyk Hkkink"VehA
dkUrk"kksM'kHkhjses
;=kfyfuy;s
'k'kh
HkkokuqoknJhjkkkdh tUefrfFk Hkkeklds 'kqDyi{kdh v"Veh
gSA ;g v"Veh Jhjkkkds tUe (Jhjkkk"Veh) ds ukels txr~esa
izfl gS rFkk bl frfFkesa pUnso "kksM+'k dkUrkvksa vFkkZr~ lksyg
dykvksads lkFk je.k djrs gSaA v"Vehesa vkB dykvksadk izdk'k
LokHkkfod gksuis j Hkh Hkxoku~dh ;ksxek;k'kfls pUnsous Jhjkkk"Vehdh
jkresa lksyg dykvksaesa iw.kZrk izkIr dh gS
bR;srr~ ifjokjk.kka JhoÙnkouukFk;ks%A
vl~[;kuka x.kf;rqa fn~ek=feg n'kre~
JhJhjkkk".kx.kkss'k&nhfidk;ka y?kqHkkx% lEiw.kZ%
109
Hkkokuqokn;|fi oÙnkou ukFk JhJhjkkk".kds vla[; ifjdj

gS] rFkkfi ;gk mudk fnXn'kZuek= izn'kr fd;k x;k gS
JhJhjkkk".kx.kkss'k&nhfidkds y?kqHkkxdk vuqokn lEiw.kZ
ik=&lwph
(y vFkkZr~ y?kq Hkkxdk 'yksd)
ik=
'yksd la[;k
ifjp;
v
va'kqeku
vdqf.Brk
vnk
vtuk
vrqY;k
(y )
(] )
()
()
()
Jh".kdk f;l[kkA
Jh".kdh l[khA
Jh".kdh ekrkds rqY;A
Jh".kdh ekrkds rqY;A
uUnudh iRuhA
vuetjh
(] &]
y ] y )
()
()
()
(y )
Jhjkfkdkdh NksVh cguA
vUrdsy
vuqjkkk
vfHkuUn
vfHkeU;q([k)
ve`rnksguh
vfEcdk
vfEcdk
v#.kk{k
vdZfe=
vtZqu
Jh".kds ukukds leku xksiA

Jhyfyrkdk nwljk ukeA
JhuUnds T;s"B HkzkrkA
Jhjkfkdkds ekf;d ifr vFkkZr~
muds ifrdk vfHkeku j[kusokykA
(y ([k)) nwk nksgudk ik=A
(] y ) Jh".kdh kku kk=hA
f'kodh iRuh (ikoZrh)A
(y )
(y )
luUnuds firkA
()
o`"kHkkuq egkjktdk nwljk ukeA
(y ] y ) Jh".kds f;ueZ l[kkA
vk
vkudnqUnqfHk
()
olqnsodk nwljk uke_ o`"kHkkuq

egkjktds lqr~A
112
ik=
'yksd la[;k
ifjp;
vkuUnh
vkjke
vklkk
(y )
()
(y )
Jh".kds lqr~A
pEidyrkds firkA
Jhjkkkdh okfgdkA
b
bfUnjk
bUnq
bUnqHkk
bUnqys[kk]
bUnqgkl
bUkoyh
()
(y )
(y )
(] &]
&] ]
y )
(y )
(y )
jnsohdh l[khA
Jhjkkkds ukuk_ iRuheq[kjkA
Jh".kdh ifjpkfjdkA
Jhjkkkdh kku vkB lf[k;ksaesals
NBh ijes"B l[khA
Jh".kds ukZdA
pUkoyh i{kh; Jh".kdh s;lhA
m
mTToy
mRiy
miuUn
(y ]
Jh".kds f;ueZ l[kkA
y &]
y )
()
Jh".kds fir` rqY; xksiA
(] ] ] uUnds T;s"B HkzkrkA
y )
tZU;
()
JhuUnds pkpkA
,s
,sUnoh
()
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x.kksads vxzxkehA
127
ik=&lwph
ik=
'yksd la[;k
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Jh".kds
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f;l[kkA
k.kl[khA
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l[khA
l[khA
Q
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c
cyjke jke (] y ]
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fokku djkusokyh l[khA
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Jh".kdh nknhds leku o`k

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128
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Jh".kdk psVA
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129
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ik=
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Jh".kdk dqkkA
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os'k kkj.k djkusokyk

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130
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'yksd la[;k
ifjp;
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Jhjkkkdh ds;wjA
Jh".kdh ksuqA
pEidyrkdh l[khA
Jh".kds kuq"kdk vxzHkkxA
Jhjkkkdk niZ.kA
Jhjkkkdh fuR;l[kh etjhA
ef.kerh
e.Mu
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bUnqys[kkdh vkBoha l[khA
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Jh".kdk os'kdkjhA
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Jhjkkkdh k.kl[khA
ik=&lwph
131
ik=
'yksd la[;k
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Jh".kdk O;tuA
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jnsohdh prqFkZ l[khA
rqfo|kdh prqFkZ l[kh] Jhjkkkdh
f;l[khA
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rqfo|kdh NBh l[khA
Jhjkkkdh fuR;l[khA
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lqnsohdh v"Ve l[khA
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defyuhA
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Jh".kdh oa'khA
Jh".kdh cqvk lkuUnkds ifrA
132
ik=
'yksd la[;k
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()
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ekfU=dh
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fe=k
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)
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ik=&lwph
133
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ukuhA
Jh".kdh nwrhA
Jhjkfkdkdh nwrhA
Jhjkfkdkdk es?kds leku jokyk
f;oL=A
Jhjkkkdh l[khA
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Jhjkkkdh ekehA
Jh".kdh nwrhA
eksnuh
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;
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Jh".kdh ekS l h_ ukeUrj
gfolkjkA
Jh".kdh ekrk_ ukekUrjnsodhA
Jh".kds e;e ekekA
Jh".kdh ekS l h_ ukekUrj
nfklkjkA
Jh".kds T;s"B ekekA
134
ik=
'yksd la[;k
ifjp;
j
jd
ju
jn
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Jh".kdk vnA
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ijes"B lkroha l[khA
Jhjkkkdh lsfodk jtddh dU;kA
bUnqys[kkdh r`rh; l[khA
jnsohds firk_ iRuhd#.kkA
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a l
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ik=&lwph
ik=
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jek
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135
ifjp;
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jl'kkyh
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(y )
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jkkk jkfkdk (y &) Jh".kdh s;fl;ksaesa eq[;A
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(] )
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(y )
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ekrkA
136
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'yksd la[;k
ifjp;
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y
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HkzkrkA
Jh".kds pj.k rd yEch i=&
iq"ils cuh ekykA
ik=&lwph
137
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138
ik=
'yksd la[;k
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ik=&lwph
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139

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jnsohdh vkB lf[k;ksaeasls f}rh;A
140
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141
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Radha Krsna Ganodesh Dipika (Hindi)

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Radha Krsna Ganodesh Dipika (Hindi)

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Доступные форматы

JhJhjkkk".kx.

JhJhy:i xksLokeh iz.khr

JhxkSM+h; osnkUr lfefr ,oa rnUrxZr HkkjrO;kih JhxkSM+h; eBksads

JhefizKku ds'ko xksLokeh egkjktds

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izdk'kd Jh'kkfUr nklh

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i'kqikyk% (i'kqvksadk ikyu djusokys) -----------------------

mijks ifjokjdk iqu% vkB Hkkxksaesa foHkktu ---------------------------

iwT;k% (Jh".kds iwT;) ---------------------------------------

() yykfVdk (lhekUr ns'k vFkkZr~ ekxls gksrs gq,

nwR;% (nwrh vFkkZr~ laokn igqpkusokyh) -------------------

o;L;Hksnk% (l[kkvksads izdkj) ------------------------------

ifjpkfjdk% (nkfl;k) ------------------------------------------

pjk% (xqIrpj) --------------------------------------------------------

Jh".kL; nwrhizdj.ke~ (Jh".kdh nwfr;ksadk fooj.k)

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Jhjkkk;k mikL;% (Jhjkkkds mikL;) --------------------

tc lkkdds thouesa ,slh voLFkk vkrh gS] rc og egktuksa

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