Data Centre Monitoring

DATA CENTRE MONITORING / CONTROL
Prepared By
K.R.DAMODARAN
Technical Consultant - Projects
MAK POWER TECHNOLOGY

4237 Barton Crescent,
“Measurement become
Windsor, Ontario Mandatory
N9G 221, Canada for better
Management”
(MMM)
© Copyright 2008 MAK POWER. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Page 1 of 57

SYSTEM
Page 2 of 57
Page 3 of 57
CONTENT
SL.N DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

O.
1 Temperature 4
2 Humidity 9
3 Air Flow 12
4 Fire alarm 18
5 Access Control 25
6 Feeder Changeover 28
7 Generator 31
8 UPS 33
9 Battery 36
10 Air Conditioner 41
11 Lighting Control 45
12 Data centre monitoring server 50
Page 4 of 57
TEMPERATURE
Why Multiple Channel Temperature, Humidity &

Air Flow measurement is required ?
A recent IT industry study identified power and cooling as the top two
©concerns ofMAK
Copyright 2008 data center
POWER. operators.
All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Page 5 of 57
In today's high-density data centers and computer rooms, measuring the

ambient room temperature is often not enough. The temperature of the
air where it enters the server can be measurably higher than the ambient
room temperature, depending on the layout of the data center and a
higher concentration of heat producing equipment such as blade servers.
Measuring the temperature of the aisles in the data center at multiple
height levels can give an early indication of a potential temperature
problem. Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments
ASHRAE
In most of the Computer Data

Centers the Design Conditions
should be
72-75°F (22-24°C)
Temperature
TEMPERATURE
Technology compaction is producing ever-increasing power and heat
densities in computer equipment racks and computer rooms. As densities
continues to increase, any interruption in cooling will result in abrupt
© temperature increases
Copyright 2008 MAK POWER. far exceeding
All rights reserved. hard
Specifications subject ware
to change manufacturer
without notice.
Page 6 of 57
recommendations.
Increasing Product Heat Density
Impact of Temperature Changes

A poorly maintained data center environment will have a negative impact on
data processing and storage operations, as described below. High Soft Error
Rates, Erratic or Unrepeatable Information, and outright hardware failures can
result from exceeding recommended environmental recommendation. Excessive
expansion and contraction of the component materials inside computer and
communication equipment results from exceeding manufacturer temperature
range and rate of change recommendation.
A high or low ambient temperature, or rapid temperature swings, can corrupt

data processing and shut down an entire system. Temperature variations can
alter the electrical and physical characteristics of electronic chips and other
board components, thermally-caused instability is when the electrical contacts of
a printed circuit board which plugs-on to an interconnecting wiring backplane no
longer make physical contact resulting in intermittent or outright failures and
causing faulty operation or failure. These problems may be transient or may last
for days. Even transient problems can be very difficult to diagnose and repair.
The
Fig.: :importance
Thermally-caused
A
Single
Figure
thermal
Inside
temperature
Temperature
expansion
the Data
performance
sensor
Center
has of
Dispersion
been multiple
measurement
Temperature
so
issues
isgreat
notisuniform
that
data
high temperature
aDispersion
microscopic
in
soft
is not
computer
error
issufficient
notprinted
rate.
uniform
data
The sensor
tocircuit
center.
analyze
hardware
traces
The
thekeeps
air
that
complete
enter
carries
operating,
incompu
the
intern
mb

Using multiple temperature sensors at strategic locations in the computer data center gives us
A high or low ambient temperature, or rapid temperature swings, can corrupt
data processing and shut down an entire system. Temperature variations can
alter the electrical and physical characteristics of electronic chips and other
© Copyright 2008board components,
MAK POWER. thermally-caused
All rights reserved. instability
Specifications subject to changeis when
without the electrical contacts of
notice.
Page 7 of 57 a printed circuit board which plugs-on to an interconnecting wiring backplane no
longer make physical contact resulting in intermittent or outright failures and
causing faulty operation or failure. These problems may be transient or may last
for days. Even transient problems can be very difficult to diagnose and repair.
Recirculation of Hot exhaust air across the top of racks due to anoccur
inadequate supply ofatcot
Bye-Pass
Hot
To

HotSpots
Vertical
“Bypass
Hot
Identify
spots Spots
hot
by Air
Airflow”
come
the
spots Flow
understand
locations
inis
occur
two
defined
varieties
because and
andasunderstand removal
conditioned
Zone,
the internal
Vertical.
the
aircauses
fans
that
Zonewithin
isof
hot
short
hot
spots
the
spots
cycled
computer
by
or visualizing:
not
when
equipment
getting
the temper
direc
• plenum and room airflow patterns
Vertical hot spots are more discrete and may be unique to just a single rack or cabine
• color thermal maps of rack inlet temperatures
• surfaces showing clouds of hot and cold air in the room
• static pressure distribution,• tile airflow distribution
Page 8 of 57
Page 9 of 57
HUMIDITY
EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY
In very dry areas, humidification is desirable because it makes antistatic
materials with "sweat layers" function better as well as an overall
reduction (not elimination) in triboelectric charging for all materials. Do
not let high humidity levels build a false confidence, and beware of
corrosion problems with interconnects and other electrical interfaces.
A high relative humidity, over 30% RH, reduces the resistance of most
HUMIDITY
dielectrics resulting in an increase in return current, which is the current
that opposes a charge buildup. When an object is undergoing
tribocharging in a high humidity environment, the object will reach an
equilibrium point where the tribocharging current equals the return
current. For objects that undergo charging to a high potential, the primary
impact of humidity is to encourage or discourage corona, and effect the
rise time of the discharge current.
Normally, the moisture content in the air tends to lower the surface
resistance of floors, carpets, table mats, etc., by letting wet particles
create a vaguely conductive (or less than 10-9 Ohms/square) film over an
©otherwise
Copyright 2008insulating
MAK POWER. Allsurface. If Specifications
rights reserved. the relative subject humidity decreases,
to change without notice. this
Page 10 of 57
favorable phenomenon disappears.
The air itself, being dry, becomes a part of the electrostatic build-up
mechanism every time there is an air flow (wind, air conditioning, blower)
destroy
Naturally
Walking
Electrons
Most electrical
sensitive
across
Charged,
transfer
charge
a floor,
electronics.
fromare
shoes
thedispersed
surface
contact
ofthrough
and
the floor
separate
thetohands.
the
from
person
Ifthe
thewalking
walking.
chargedsurface.
“charging”
person This
touches
the
contact-separation
person,
a computer
creating
or other
an
(friction)
electric
electronic
generates
imbalance,
component,
a tribocharge,
the charge
the charge
must
or static
that
be de
Non-moving person
In most cases, the person will never feel the discharge even though it has occurred
EVENT VOLTAGE AT RELATIVE

HUMIDITY
Figure:
Humidity plays 10% 40% 55%
the major role Walking Across Carpet 35,000 15,000 7,500
on ESD
Walking Across Vinyl Floor 12,000 5,000 3,000
generation
Motions of Individual Not Grounded 6,000 800 400
Remove Bubble Pack from Package 26,000 20,000 7,000
Page 11 of 57
Cost of ESD damage Data Center
increases by ten (10) fold
at every incremental level Computer Server
System
Level
US$ 200,000
Board
Level
US$ 20,000
Component
Level
US$ 2,000
US$ 200
US$ 2
At ideal relative humidity, water ions act as a buffer between the

equipment and potential sources of electrostatic discharges. When the
relative humidity gets too low, the buffer level decrease and vanish.
At low temperatures and high relative humidity, the dangers posed are
mostly a result of humidity. When overcooled, equipment is exposed to a
high amount of moisture that can promote the growth of salt deposits on
conductive filaments in the circuitry. The result can be dysfunction or even
short circuits.
In addition to these isolated dangers at each extreme, fluctuation between

the two can cause additional problems. Even if average conditions are
maintained at optimum temperature and humidity levels, you could be
doing your systems great harm if these measurements vary considerably
throughout the day.
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Means of 10- 25% 65-90%
Generation RH RH
Walking across carpet 35,000V 1,500V
Walking across vinyl 12,000 V 250V
tile
Worker at bench 6,000 V 100 V
Poly bag picked up 20,000 V 1,200 V
from bench
Chair with urethane 18,000 V 1,500 V
©foam
Copyright 2008 MAK POWER. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Page 12 of 57
AIR FLOW
AIR
As heat
Racks FLOW
• Mixing.
airflow-engineered
The common
densities
Are causes
hotdata
Getting
When rise,
of Hotter
and poor
centers.
equipment
cool and inefficient
airstreams at combine,
the cooling,
bottom found
they ofincrease
the
in all
rackbut consumes
rack the newest
intake the
andcold
fullyair whic
temperatures, from
through
the top of the rack.
©• Recirculation.
Copyright 2008 MAK When hot
POWER. All air reserved.
rights from server exhausts
Specifications istodrawn
subject change into server
without notice. intakes instead of retu
13 of 57
Page
• Short Circuiting. When cool air returns directly to the CRAC before doing any cooling work; T

• Leakage. Cool air being delivered uncontrolled, usually by cable cutouts. This cool air is both
• Dehumidification. When the CRAC return air is below the dew-point of the cooling coils. Re-h

• Under floor Obstructions. Cables, pipes, conduits, junction boxes, all impede the normal flo
• Under floor Vortex. Poorly planned CRAC placement reduces floor pressure and produces ins
• Venturi Effect. Racks placed too close to the CRAC will not get enough cooling because the c
Short Circuiting Mixing Short Circuiting
Page 14 of 57
Rack Rack Rack

CRAC CRAC
Venturi Reversal Vortex Leakage

Obstructions
Recirculation Dehumidification
• Poor Return Path. Hot air that has no

clear route to return to the CRAC
causes mixing, higher rack
temperatures, and lower CRAC return
temperatures.
• Low CRAC Return Temperature.

Common result of many of the above
conditions, it reduces the efficiency of
the cooling system. It also may trick
the system into thinking the room is
Continuous Change in Heat too cool and throttle back.
Loads Expected in the Future
• Defective Cooling System
Operation. Many cooling systems
are improperly configured or
operated. Common conditions are set-
points incorrect, chilled water loops
not operating as intended or CRACs in
need of maintenance.
• Rack Orientation. Legacy equipment

often uses non-standard airflow paths
or rows of racks may not be
configured to hot aisle/cold aisle.
• External Heat and Humidity. Data

centers Are often affected by outside
Cause-and-Effect
Problem
However
Simplified
The CFDby Solving
technique
fishbone
carefully Interactions
Technique
diagram,
studying
produces
a structured
the
a computer
cause-and
problem
weather simulation
effect
solving
interactions
conditions tool
of they
if airflow
used aren’t
toin
and
help
the
thermal
determin
data ce
Knowing the common causes of poor cooling forms the starting point for solving the p
Page 15 of 57
CFD Knowledgebase solution for small- to medium-sized data centers and isolated ho
Page 16 of 57
ETHERNET BUS
AIR FLOW MONITORING / CONTROLLER

Page 17 of 57
FIRE ALARM
Page 18 of 57
THE
A
The
When
Photoelectric
light
DIFFERENT
there
emitted
are Detection
smoke
by
TYPE
the particles
LED
OF
device
FIRE
normally
in
isSENSORS
the
normally
air,
does thenot
used
light
reach
inbeam
data
the center
emitted
photocell,because
from
since
the
itnothing
has
lightasourc
simp
ref
• Heat (Temperature) Sensors
As the• smoke
Opticalthickens, more particles
(Flame Radiation) Sensors reflect the light and cause more light rays to la
• Gas Sensors
The photocell detection type senses more effectively the smoldering type of fire.
⇒ CO
⇒ Hydrocarbon (Gunk) Sensors
⇒ Odor
• Smoke Sensors
© Copyright 2008⇒ Ionization-Type
MAK POWER. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Page 19 of 57
⇒ Optical-Type
⇒ Other
• Multiple Gas/Smoke Sensors
It is fire
Smoke
The possible
alarm
detectors
tosystem
implement
is a very
a variety
important
of security
deviceand
fixed
surveillance
in the datafunctions
center. In
using
most of t
the outlined range of sensors and detectors.
Typical
Smoke
In the case
examples
detectors
of emergency
are
are used
the for
lot early
of sequential
detection
actions
of smoke
are required
so that possible
ie. Opening
injury
oftothe
peop
m
surveillance of windows and doors for opening or locking,
monitoring for water pipe burst,
monitoring for the risk of fire with smoke detectors
interior surveillance using motion detectors.
Page 20 of 57
The proposed fire alarm monitoring device is integrated with various other devices in
Interacting with various other devices
The fire alarm system is inter connected with various other devices like
Page 21 of 57
 Data center temperature/humidity monitoring system

Co-ordinate Action/Alert
 Data center access control monitoring system
 Data the
Whenever center
fire Air Conditioner
alarm system
is actuated, the data center fire alarm monitoring
 Data center Feeder Power Supply
system immediately annunciates the fire System
alarm by way of hooter sound,
 itData
then center information
switches gateway system
OFF the magnetic door locks (so the people inside
Data
thedata center
center database/reporting
can system OFF the air conditioners
move out) & switching
(Fire will spread drastically when the air is blown), then the relevant
power supply section is switched OFF and SMS message can also
sent to the nearest fire service department.
© Copyright
The user can
2008 MAK periodically
POWER. All rights test theSpecifications
reserved. availablesubject
features ofwithout
to change the fire alarm
notice.
Page 22 of 57
monitoring system periodically in association with the fire service
department as per their convenience.
Mock Fire Alarm Test with fire service personnel
Automatic
Lift
Fire Stoppage
Pump Activation
Reporting
All the
The Fireevents
alarm related
systemto
can
fire
bealarm
interfaced
are recorded
with fire
building
in pump
the data
lift
activation
through
base with
software/hardware
system.
date and time s

For non-conducting
The system will automatically
of fire alarm
switch
mockON
test
theasfire
perpump.
the schedule, the system sends em

The system can be interfaced with the fire pump activation system, lift deactivation w
Page 23 of 57
MIMIC
Graphic
Icons Screen
can be optionally added to identify the exact device of interest and optional trav

Graphic screens can provide easily recognizable site plan and floor plan information. T

In addition to screen text or graphic information, the operator will be presented with s
Page 24 of 57
Page 25 of 57
Systematic security
An access control system has to satisfy high demands in data center managed on the
ACCESS MASTER controller is flexible, user friendly, expandable, and with distributed
Access Control System offers versatility in the selection of device actuated. It can be c
Both authorized personnel and also the door assigned to them can be divided into mu
The ACCESS CONTROL MANAGEMENT software used in the system ensures, easy and
Page 26 of 57
Access
∗ Single door
Control
/ Multi
System
Door control
is networked
with inside
with
or outside
the Dataproximity
Centercard
monitori
reader
∗ Magnetic / Lever Lock
∗ Forced door opening—detector
∗ Emergency Door Opening— Push Button
∗ Fire Alarm Input
Page 27 of 57
FEEDER CHNAGEOVER SYSTEM

Page 28 of 57
FEEDER CHANGEOVER
PANEL
Feeder Changeover Panel shall increase the reliability of the feeder supply
available to the data centre. Any failure of feeder shall be automatically
taken care by the data centre monitoring system.
The individual feeder network parameters recorded in the database to

enable the user to choose the efficient feeder and the data is used for
preventive maintenance work.
oleObject7
Page 29 of 57
To Monitoring
Feeder-01 Feeder-02 Feeder-03 System
ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY

METER METER METER
MCCB MCCB MCCB
SM SM SM SM SM SM SM SM SM
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
Page 30 of 57
• Computer data center changeover panel is controlling two or three

electricity feeder & generator.
• The output phase (two or three ) is derived from any healthy feeder
phase automatically.
• The changeover switching matrix operation shall be designed by the
pre programmed switching sequence to avoid phase over lap.
• The feeder voltage monitoring enables the user to prevent the
equipment damage at the same time the system isolates the
Automatic
equipmentChangeover control
by disconnecting panelpower
the feeder monitoring
supply. the following
feeder signals status, signal levels and user set parameters.
Status Monitoring
 ED Feeder-01, ED Feeder –02, Generator Feeder-03,
 All Feeder MCCB Healthy /Trip Monitoring.
Signal Level Monitoring

 Three Phase Voltage Monitoring of Incoming ED Feeder-01,02,
 Three Phase Current Monitoring of Incoming EB Feeder-01, 02
 Three Phase Voltage / Current Monitoring of Incoming
Generator Feeder-03
Switching Matrix
 The switching of feeder phase voltage using single pole
contactor Rated Capacity of required Load current.
 In the case of single phase failure in all the feeder, the output
shall be derived from the various other individual healthy
phases.
 Priority Wise Healthy Feeder Selection
Set Trip/Alarm Level economizer
 Feeder changeover
 Uniform operating Hours of Feeders.
 In each Feeder the voltage minimum / maximum level shall be
 Load Sharing .
set to Alarm voltage level and Trip voltage level, changeover
voltage level.
 The power quality shall be monitored automatically and

healthy power quality feeder shall be assigned for highest
priority.
 The frequency of the feeder shall be monitored and minimum /

maximum level can be set to Alarm frequency range and Trip
Frequency range , changeover frequency range.
Page 31 of 57
 The current maximum / minimum alarm /warning level can be
set according to the field situation.
GENERATOR
Page 32 of 57
AUTOMATIC MAINS FAILIURE GENERATOR STARTING PANEL
GSM
INTERFACE
UPS
PRINTER
INTERNET
MobileHand
DataCentre Held
MonitoringSystem Display
Cell Phone TerminalUnit
ServiceProvider
SMS/TCP/E-Mail A – AUTOMATIC
CommunicationUnit M– MANUAL
L1 – GENSETAVAILABLE
L2 – EBAVAILABLE
SW2– GENSETOUTPUTON /OFF
A M L1 L2 OFF ON
Alarm Alarm Charger
Hooter Signal SW1 SW2
Start Stop Reset
E-STOP Redundant
Battery
BatteryVoltage OPERATOR
Transducer &Monitor PANELSWITCH
DI7 DI2,DI3,DI4,DI5,DI6,
GENSETMONITOR / CONTROL
DO1 DI1 AI1 DO2 AI2 DO3 DO4
FSW Level Sensor
FUEL
TANK
Engine Engine Engine Engine Oil Energy

Stop RPM Temp. Cranking Pressure Meter
AMF PANEL
Contactor
C1 C3
R R
Y Y ED
B B MAINS
N N
C2 C4
ENGINE
GENERATOR
LOAD
Generator Monitoring and Control Panel facility shall includes the following
minimum feature
– Battery Voltage Monitoring Generator Failure SMS facility

Automatic Data Logger
Page 33 of 57 Automatic report generation &
emailing facility.
On-Line Generator efficiency
monitoring
– Generator Temperature Monitoring
– Generator RPM Monitoring
– Alternator AC Voltage Monitoring
– Mains AC Voltage Monitoring
– Energy Monitor
– Auto Start / Stop of Generator
– Generator Failure -Alarm Hooter, Lamp
– Remote connectivity - built-in communication port.
– Automatic / Manual Generator control
– Automatic Daily START/STOP of generator to enhance the
healthiness.
UPS
Page 34 of 57
Monitoring
Self Checking
Monitoring of UPS
UPS1 & the
UPS2UPS output
Healthiness
output current
current helps to find out /which
UPS UPSInput voltag
is working /delive
If
Asitper
changes from
the user UPS1 to
defined UPS2 means
interval/time the
the UPS1 current
changeover is zero
system and
shall the UPS2 is deliv
automatically chec
Changeover controller
At the time of checks
healthiness the UPS
checking, input
if the UPSfeeder supply,
is failed, thenIfthe
UPSchangeover
input supply fails o
controlle
If one UPS
Routine output current
Automatic is zero (atchecking
UPS healthiness the samesystem
time the UPS
shall input
gives voltage
the is healthy),
user advanced al
Page 35 of 57
UPSUPS
The c The system
- INTERFACING
status, automatically
alarm,
WITH VARIOUSmaintains
trip messages, set values the
COMMUNICATION uniform
of various runningshall
PROTOCOL
parameters hoursbe of each UPS.
accessed T
by th
Page 36 of 57
BATTERY
Page 37 of 57
Battery
Whilst
A
Whenbattery Sizing
sizing
battery
block
the
manufacturers
isbattery
a self –contained
set forprovide
UPS,the
electro
discharge
primary
chemical
factors
curves
device
and
to consider
tables
that can
to
include
assist
store electrical
selection.e
The Battery within a UPS must be sized to provide a specified runtime in minutes or h
Comparing
∗ Site battery
powerruntime
history, performance
and in particular,
between
the duration
UPS suppliers
of previous
can bemains
difficult
power
unles
s
∗ Critical Load sizes.
The best
∗ solution
If there isisato
maintained
ensure all runtimes
standby generator
are quotedonusing
site. the same load Watt rating
∗ The length of time required for load shedding and an orderly shutdown.
If the load
∗ The andavailable
power factor
environment
values are
for not
example,
clearlyspace,
defined
temperature
comparisons and
can
humidity.
therefore
∗ Overall cost for a long runtime versus an individual standby generator or fue
Page 38 of 57
Battery
Whether
The user aHealth
Data
• Lots
shall
design Sheet
of refer Problems
interesting
life
and
is design
met
stuff…
or not
the will
battery
depend
sizing
onbased
a number
on the
of factors
following
including
data sheet
the fr
n
• Self discharge vs. time vs. temp
Sulfation
• Cycle life vs.discharge
– Deep discharge depth
• Discharge
– Beingvoltage vs. time
left at low SOC vs. current
• Discharge
– High temperatures vs. temperature
time vs. current
• State of charge
Positive vs. open circuit
grid corrosion, voltage
flaking, dendrite growth
– Over voltage, over charging, wrong or faulty charger
– High temperatures
• Loss of electrolyte
– Over voltage, over charging, wrong or faulty charger
– Decompression of cell, faulty valve, mishandling
– High temperatures esp. during charge
• Cell poisoning
– Impurities cause poisoning over time
Page 39 of 57
Battery Aging
One of the most important factors of battery aging and performance is
ambient temperature. The Higher ambient temperatures do actually
reduces the service life.
Wet Charged Stand Time-Months

Effect of Cell Temperature on Capacity Loss During
Charged Stand (Pure Lead Charge Retaining Cells)
This below table further highlights the need to control the ambient
temperature around a battery set if a premature and potentially costly
replacement is to avoided. This will invariably lead to system downtime
and if not caught early enough a complete system failure which only
becomes evident set is placed under load during a mains power supply
failure.
Temperature Deg. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
C.
% Service Life 100 71 50 35 25 18 13
BATTERY
Before powerDISCHARGE–
failure we shallBackup
assure theTime Test time available in the battery ba
total back-up
To test the total back-up time availability of the battery, user shall discharge the batte

In constant current mode the battery bank voltage and discharge current continuo
BATTERY
Before
powerDISCHARGE–
failure we shallBackup
assure the Time Test time available in the battery ba
total back-up
BATTERY
Before
To test power
the
This can from DISCHARGE–
failure
total we
back-up shall
time Backup
assure theTime Test
availability
part of an quarterly total
of
preventive back-up
the time
battery,
maintenance available
user shall
visit beinprovided
the battery
or discharge aba
theasbatte
s
To test the total back-up time availability of the battery, user shall discharge the batte
This can from part of an quarterly preventive maintenance visit or be provided as a s
This can from part of an quarterly preventive maintenance visit or be provided as a s
Page 40 of 57
Typical resistor bank to measure the total battery back-up

time available
The individual battery voltage, current shall be monitored at the time of

load bank discharge test. Due to the chemical nature of the battery, the
individual battery performance will differ. During the discharge test the
individual battery voltage is monitored, and the non-performing battery
shall be identified and the battery test is paused, after removing the
battery from the battery bank the discharge test shall be continued. The
load bank reduces the removed battery voltage while calculating the
constant current.
Page 41 of 57
AIR CONDITIONER
Air Conditioner
AIR following
The FLOW Monitor
/ TEMPERATURE
air-conditioner method
SENSOR is normally adapted in the IT data center.
c The change over controller maintains uniform running hours of each air condit
©Air flow/temperature
-c Standalone
Copyright
If2008
theMAK Multiple
AirPOWER. sensor
All Air
continuously
Conditioner
rights reserved.
conditioner mains monitors
Specifications
input MCB -subject
Split/Window
the
to change
trips, then air based.
conditioner
without
the notice. air controller
changeover output, inau
c
Page
42 of 57
- Centralized Air Conditioner (Chill water based) - Air Handling Unit
CURRENT - Precision
MONITORING
Air Conditioner
- Package Air Conditioner
Current monitoring of the individual air-conditioner with the air flow shall be logged i
1. Liquid cooler fans

Function:
An AC drive optimizes compressor motor speed to actual cooling demand. The compr
Benefits:
• Energy savings
4. Chilled
• Easierwater pump
to maintain low noise levels
Benefits:
Page 43 of•57
Accurate control to keep desired
• Energy condenser
savings water temperature
Function:
• Accurate control to keep desired duct
Liquid
temperature
cooler fans are controlled according to the temperature of the condenser water
2.starting
Condenser water pump
and stopping
• Reduced pump and pipe sizes
Benefits:
• Energy savings
•DATA
Accurate CENTRE MONITORING
control to keep desired / CONTROL
condenser water temperature
• Elimination of water hammer due
to soft starting and stopping
• Reduced pump and pipe sizes
Function:
Condenser water pump is controlled with a PID controller according to the temperatur

3. Chiller compressor
Benefits:
Function:
• Energy savings
Chilled water pump circulates chilled water in a cooling coil
• Reduced peak demand
according charges
to the temperature of the supply air. Operation is enabled
• Elimination of water hammer or hydraulic
when the duct temperature rises above a preset level and chiller
shock due to softisstarting
compressor running.and stopping
• Increased chiller life
•5.
Tighter
Supplychilled
fanwater temperature control
• Reduced maintenance demand

Benefits:
• Energy savings
• Accurate control to keep desired air quality/ CO2 content
• Reduced maintenance of mechanical equipment such as belts and

bearings due to reduced operating speeds and AC drive soft
starting and
stopping.
• Easier to maintain low noise levels
Function:
Room air quality is controlled by changing the speed of the supply
fan according to the CO2 content of the exhaust air. The outdoor air
damper will be opened when the fan is started. Operation is enabled
when the damper is fully open (damper end switch).
6. Return fan
Benefits:
• Energy savings
• Accurate control to keep desired duct pressure
• Reduced maintenance of mechanical equipment such as belts and

bearings due to reduced operating speeds and AC drive soft
starting and
stopping
• Easier to maintain low noise levels
Function:
Page 44 ofRoom
57 pressure is controlled by changing the speed of the return
fan
according to the exhaust duct pressure. Return fan keeps up
constant under pressure in the exhaust duct by using PID control.
Exhaust air dampers will be opened when the fan is started.
Page 45 of 57
LIGHTING CONTROL
Intensity Based Lighting Control
Page 46 of 57
Occupancy Based Lighting Control
ENERGY SAVING
Sunlight has the highest light quality available – now

MARK POWER lets you use it for real. The MARK POWER
System collects sunlight outdoors and brings it indoors
using fibre optic cables. This way you can experience
the presence of nature in rooms where you work, live,
love and learn...
Page 47 of 57
OPTICAL FIBRE BASED DAY LIGHTING
Page 48 of 57
WELLNESS & PRODUCTIVITY
 Productivity increases by 6 – 16 percent when natural light is

added to a workplace.
 1 percent productivity increase equals the total energy cost in

offices.
 Pure sunlight is dynamic and has a full spectrum that triggers the
ganglion cells, which controls levels of melatonin and cortisol,
thereby synchronizing the body clock.
 Sunlight gives improved visibility from improved light, better

color rendering, and the absence of flickering from electrical
lighting.
SUSTAINABILITY & ENERGY SAVINGS
Page 49 of 57
 Electrical lighting represents 40 – 50 percent of the energy
consumption in commercial buildings.
 Electrical lighting contributes 25 – 30 percent of the

emission of greenhouse gases generated in commercial
buildings.
 Exchanging half of a building’s electrical lighting for mark

power Fiber Optic Solar Lighting can lower the energy costs
by 20 – 25 percent and the emission of greenhouse gases
by 10 – 15 percent.
Sun Tracking Optical Fresnel lens is used to collect the sun light
from the roof top.
Page 50 of 57
DATA CENTRE MONITORING - SERVER
CLIENT PC DATA RETRIVAL from the

DATABASE
CELL PHONE DATA RETRIVAL from
the DATABASE
Page 51 of 57
Centr al ized DATA CENTRE MONITORING / CONTROL
Data Center Monitoring System
Menu Based
IL1 IL2 IL3
Data Centre
Monitoring /
L1 Control
Centralized Data Centre

Monitoring Panel
Office
Note Book BIL L

0 0 2 0 3 5 4 5 67
Emergency
Message
PDA
Internet
Server
GSM/GPRS
B IL L
GATEWAY
00 2 0 3 545 67
GPRS
ON-LINE E-MAIL Server

HISTORY DATA RETRIVE
SETTING
DATA EXCHANGE
TREND
ALARM DATA STORAGE
EVENT
REPORT DATA PROCESS
DATA MIRRORING
Page 52 of 57
DATA CENTRE MONITORING AND REPORTING

SYSTEM
The acquired data shall be transferred to the Data Centre

Monitoring Data Base server and the same shall be retrieved by the
various departments using PC through Client Data Centre
Monitoring Software, through the internet or campus wide network.
The remote department Client PC database shall be synchronized
with the Data Centre Monitoring Data Base.
Client
PC
Ethernet Bus
Client
PC
Internet
Remote PC
MySQL,
MicrosoftSQL
Oracle
MSAccessetc.
Remote Data Base Synchronization

All the data acquired from the data centre monitoring system etc.
shall be stored in the Data Centre Monitoring Data Base Server
database . The same data base information shall be accessed with
the help of internet or campus wide connection by the remote client
PC. The remote client PC data base shall be synchronized with the
Data Centre Monitoring Data Base server database. Only the
change-in data shall be updated in the respective remote client
database. Due to this the data exchange in the internet or campus
Page 53 of 57
wide network is minimized, indirectly this will reduce the data
transfer rate.
Graphical Analyzing
The data shall be retrieved from the local database and the user can
view any type of graphical representation like curve, bar chart, plot
etc. or table type viewing. User can select the different parameter
and compare the trend /maximum minimum values, alarm, trip,
warning, outage etc. with the help of graphical representation.
Set Alarm / Trip Level

User can set the alarm / trip values of individual or all the
parameters with the help of user name and password.
Real Time Trend

All the acquired data shall be time synchronized with the help of
network time stamping. Due to this acquired data value shall be
very accurate with time stamping. And this type of real time data
helps the user to analyze the various parameters at critical time or
failure/trip/warning analysis.
History of the data

All acquired data shall be available in the local data base with date /
time stamping, user can retrieve the date/time stamped data
(various parameters) for further analysis.
On-Line Monitor
Application Software
Temp & Humidity

Trend
MySQL, History
MicrosoftSQL
Alarm
Oracle
MSAccessetc. Trip
Setting
Better Forecast
The history of the available information in the data base helps the
user to forecast the preventive maintenance/ replacement of
devices etc.
Page 54 of 57
SMS ALARM, TRIP MESSAGES
Using GSM interface to the server, the alarm/warning, trip message

is transmitted to the field personnel to attend the fault immediately.
Data Centre
Monitoring
Feeder Details
UPS
Battery
Air Conditioner
Humidity
Temperature
M enu Options
CELL PHONE BASED INFORMATION RETRIEVAL FROM THE

DATABASE SERVER
The stored data in the Data Centre Monitoring Data Base Server
shall be retrieved by the data centre monitoring software,
which is very useful tool for the end user to retrieve the various
parameters of various device parameters and compare the
trend /maximum minimum values, alarm, trip, warning, outage etc.
Graphical Front End

Data Centre Monitoring Software front end shall be graphical
interface helps user to navigate the menus/ keys that are user
friendly, at the same time the user feels the comfort when he
browses the various pages.
Authentication
Page 55 of 57
Only the authorized person shall be able to access the central
database. Various level of security layers helps user to protect the
central database server access for unauthorized user.
Viewing Report
User after selecting the required devices shall be retrieved from the
Data centre Monitoring Database Server. The user shall view the
parameters of various devices and compare the trend /maximum
minimum values, alarm, trip, warning, outage etc. User can select
and view the various report available in the database through
TCP/IP data socket connection.
History Report
User can view the daily, weekly, monthly report. The maximum,
minimum and average value of all parameter is simply retrieved
by the user by selecting the user friendly menus.
Page 56 of 57
Page 57 of 57

Data Centre Monitoring

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Data Centre Monitoring

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DATA CENTRE MONITORING / CONTROL

MAK POWER TECHNOLOGY

DATA CENTRE MONITORING / CONTROL

SL.N DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

12 Data centre monitoring server 50

Why Multiple Channel Temperature, Humidity &

In today's high-density data centers and computer rooms, measuring the

In most of the Computer Data

Increasing Product Heat Density

Impact of Temperature Changes

A high or low ambient temperature, or rapid temperature swings, can corrupt

EVENT VOLTAGE AT RELATIVE

At ideal relative humidity, water ions act as a buffer between the

In addition to these isolated dangers at each extreme, fluctuation between

Short Circuiting Mixing Short Circuiting

Rack Rack Rack

Venturi Reversal Vortex Leakage

• Poor Return Path. Hot air that has no

• Low CRAC Return Temperature.

• Rack Orientation. Legacy equipment

• External Heat and Humidity. Data

 Data center temperature/humidity monitoring system

Mock Fire Alarm Test with fire service personnel

FEEDER CHNAGEOVER SYSTEM

The individual feeder network parameters recorded in the database to

ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY

MCCB MCCB MCCB

• Computer data center changeover panel is controlling two or three

Signal Level Monitoring

 The power quality shall be monitored automatically and

 The frequency of the feeder shall be monitored and minimum /

AUTOMATIC MAINS FAILIURE GENERATOR STARTING PANEL

FSW Level Sensor

Engine Engine Engine Engine Oil Energy

– Battery Voltage Monitoring Generator Failure SMS facility

Wet Charged Stand Time-Months

% Service Life 100 71 50 35 25 18 13

Typical resistor bank to measure the total battery back-up

The individual battery voltage, current shall be monitored at the time of

1. Liquid cooler fans

• Accurate control to keep desired air quality/ CO2 content

• Reduced maintenance of mechanical equipment such as belts and

• Easier to maintain low noise levels

• Accurate control to keep desired duct pressure

• Reduced maintenance of mechanical equipment such as belts and

• Easier to maintain low noise levels

Intensity Based Lighting Control

Occupancy Based Lighting Control

Sunlight has the highest light quality available – now

OPTICAL FIBRE BASED DAY LIGHTING

WELLNESS & PRODUCTIVITY

 Productivity increases by 6 – 16 percent when natural light is

 1 percent productivity increase equals the total energy cost in

 Sunlight gives improved visibility from improved light, better

 Electrical lighting contributes 25 – 30 percent of the

 Exchanging half of a building’s electrical lighting for mark

DATA CENTRE MONITORING - SERVER

CLIENT PC DATA RETRIVAL from the

Centr al ized DATA CENTRE MONITORING / CONTROL

Data Center Monitoring System

Centralized Data Centre

Note Book BIL L