TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that the SEMINAR REPORT entitled LiFi (Light Fidelity) Technology is a work ofAKASH GARGstudent of B.Tech (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING) at Guru Nanak DevUniversity. The report is hereby approved as a work carried out, presented and submitted in the manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a prerequisite to the degree for which it has been submitted. The Department of ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGYhas accepted the report as the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B.Tech (ECE). The information and data given in the report is authentic to the best of my knowledge. No part of this report has been submitted to any other College/University for the reward of any degree to the best of my knowledge.

Seminar Supervisor (Er. SALONI ARORA)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed in the development of this work and who influenced my thinking, behavior, and acts during the course of study. I express my sincere gratitude to ER. SALONI ARORAworthy Teacher for providing mean opportunity.I amthankful for his support, cooperation, and motivation provided to me during the training for constant inspiration, presence and blessings. I also extend my sincere appreciation to him for providing his valuable suggestions and precious time in accomplishing my seminar report. Lastly, I would like to thank the almighty and my parents for their moral support and my friends with whom I shared my day-today experience and received lots of suggestions that improved my quality of work.

AKASH GARG

Contents

Abstract Present Scenario Concerned Issues of Radio waves Electromagnetic Spectrum What we have to do How we do this Data transmission occurs as OFDM Technology Experimental Proof Challenges for LiFi Applications of LiFi Conclusion References

Abstract

Whether youre using wireless internet in a coffee shop, stealing it from the guy next door, or competing for bandwidth at a conference, youve probably gotten frustrated at the slow speeds you face when more than one device is tapped into the network. As more a nd more peopleand their many deviceaccess wireless internet, clogged airwaves are going to make it increasingly difficult to latch onto a reliable signal. But radio waves are just one part of the spectrum that can carry our data. What if we could use other waves to surf the internet? One German physicist, Harald Haas, has come up with a solution he calls data through illuminationtaking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending data through an LED lightbulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. Its the same idea behind infrared remote controls, but far more powerful. Haas says his invention, which he calls D-Light, can produce data rates faster than 10 megabits per second, which is speedier than your average broadband connection. He envisions a future where data for laptops, smartphones, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. And security would be a snapif you cant see the light, you cant access the data. You can imagine all kinds of uses for this technology, from public internet access through street lamps to auto-piloted cars that communicate through their headlights. And more data coming through the visible spectrum could help alleviate concerns that the electromagnetic waves that come with WiFi could adversely affect your health. Talk about the bright side. FLICKERING lights are annoying but they may have an upside. Visible light communication (VLC) uses rapid pulses of light to transmit information wirelessly. Now it may be ready to compete with conventional Wi-Fi. "At the heart of this technology is a new generation of high-brightness light-emitting diodes," says HaraldHaasfrom the University of Edinburgh, UK. "Very simply, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if it's off you transmit a 0," Haas says. "They can be switched on and off very quickly, which gives nice opportunities for transmitting data." It is possible to encode data in the light by varying the rate at which the LEDs flicker on and off to give different strings of 1s and 0s. The LED intensity is modulated so rapidly that human eyes cannot notice, so the output appears constant.

More sophisticated techniques could dramatically increase VLC data rates. Teams at the University of Oxford andthe University of Edinburgh are focusing on parallel data transmission using arrays of LEDs, where each LED transmits a different data stream. Other groups are using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs to alter the light's frequency, with each frequency encoding a different data channel. Li-Fi, as it has been dubbed, has already achieved blisteringly high speeds in the lab. Researchers at the Heinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin, Germany, have reached data rates of over 500 megabytes per second using a standard white-light LED. Haas has set up a spin-off firm to sell a consumer VLC transmitter that is due for launch next year. It is capable of transmitting data at 100 MB/s faster than most UK broadband connections. Once established, VLC could solve some major communication problems. In 2009, the US Federal Communications Commission warned of a looming spectrum crisis: because our mobile devices are so data-hungry we will soon run out of radio-frequency bandwidth. Li-Fi could free up bandwidth, especially as much of the infrastructure is already in place. "There are around 14 billion light bulbs worldwide, they just need to be replaced with LED ones that transmit data," says Haas. "We reckon VLC is a factor of ten cheaper than Wi-Fi." Because it uses light rather than radio-frequency signals, VLC could be used safely in aircraft, integrated into medical devices and hospitals where Wi-Fi is banned, or even underwater, where Wi-Fi doesn't work at all.