Протокол SIP. Справочник

.., .., ..
SIP
, ,
.. ..
http://librus.ru
1.
1.1. SIP
1.2. SIP IP-
1.3. SIP
2. (SIP)
2.1 (UA)
2.1.1 (UAC)
2.1.1.1
2.1.1.2
2.1.2
(UAS)
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.2
2.2 SIP
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.1.1
2.3.1.2
2.3.1.3
2.3.2
2.3.2.1
2.3.2.2
2.3.3
2.3.3.1 REGISTER
2.3.3.2 REGISTER
2.3.4
2.3.4.1 OPTIONS
2.3.4.2 OPTIONS
2.3.5
2.3.5.1
2.3.5.2
2.3.6
2.3.6.1 UAC
2.3.6.2 UAS
2.3.7
2.3.8
2.4 -
2.4.1 -
2.4.1.1
2.4.1.2
2.4.1.3
2.4.1.4
2.4.1.5
2.4.1.6
2.4.1.7
2.4.1.8

CANCEL
2.4.2 -
2.4.3 Route Request-URI
2.4.4
2.5
2.6
2.6.1 -
2.6.2 -
2.6.3 Digest
2.7 S/MIME
2.7.1 S/MIME
2.7.2 S/MIME
2.7.3
2.7.4 SIP- S/MIME (SIP-)
2.7.4.1 SIP-
2.7.4.2
2.8
2.8.1
2.8.1.1
2.8.1.2
2.8.1.3
2.8.1.4
2.8.1.5
2.8.2
2.8.2.1
2.8.2.2
2.8.2.3
2.8.2.4

SIPS URI
HTTP
S/MIME
2.8.3
2.8.3.1 SIP
2.8.3.2
2.9
2.9.1 -
2.9.2
2.10 SIP
2.10.1
2.10.1.1
2.10.1.2
2.10.2
2.10.2.1
2.10.2.2
2.10.3
2.10.4
3. SIP (SIP-T)
4
3.1 SIP-T
3.2
3.2.1 SIP-T (-IP-)
3.2.2 IP-
3.2.3 IP-
3.3 SIP T
3.3.1 SIP
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.4 SIP
3.5
3.6 ISUP SIP
3.6.1
3.6.2 SIP
3.6.2.1 ISUP
3.6.2.2 MIME
3.6.2.3 DTMF
3.6.2.4
3.6.2.5 ,
SIP,
3.6.2.6
3.6.2.7 , CANCEL
3.6.3 ISUP SIP

3.6.3.1
3.6.3.2. SIP-T ISUP-SIP
3.6.3.3 SIP
3.6.4 SIP ISUP

3.6.4.1
3.6.4.2 SIP-T SIP-ISUP
3.6.4.3 SIP
3.6.5 URI
3.6.5.1 ISUP tel URL
3.6.5.2 tel URL ISUP
2. (SIP)
SIP
SIP .
.
SIP , , ,
. ,
SIP, . , , SIP,
, . SIP

.
SIP .
Backus-Naur Form (BNF). BNF SIP RFC 3261, SIP
2.2.
.
,
.
2.10.
. ,
SIP ,
, .
,

. , (UAC),
.
2.3.2. (UA) -
(stateful -) .
- (stateless -)
. ,
,
. (state machine),
.
, ,
(transaction user - TU). SIP, stateless , . TU ,
IP-,
,
. TU, , .
, ,
,
. CANCEL,
,
( 2.3.5).
SIP , , stateful
stateless - , -
(core), . , stateless , (TU). ,
10
UAC UAS ,
. 2.1. UAC
, UAS
. SIP, UAS,
c REGISTER,
(registrar). 2.3.3 UAC UAS
REGISTER. 2.3.4. UAC UAS OPTIONS,
UA.
, RFC SIP (RFC 3261),
.
SIP, .
UA
. INVITE ,
, RFC 3261 (
SUBSCRIBE
REFER). UAC ,
UAC, 2.1,
. 2.3.1
.
SIP INVITE,
.
,
. 2.3.6 ,
. 2.3.7 ,
INVITE .
2.3.8 , .
2.1. (UA)
(UA) - ,
, .
SIP . ,
(UAC), ,
(UAS), . UAC UAS
,
. UAC UAS .
2.1.1. (UAC)

, ,
. (
, ).
2.1.1.1.
, ,
, , Request-URI SIP,
: To, From, CSeq, Call-ID, Max-Forwards Via.
, Request-URI, SIP-.
11
SIP-,
,
,
. 2.2.2
.
UAC . ,
, INVITE (. 2.3.1),
, OPTION
(. 2.3.4.)
Request-URI
Request-URI ,
. Request-URI ,
URI To. REGISTER;
Request-URI REGISTER 2.3.3.
(privacy)
Request-URI To , ,
UA , Request-URI .

Request-URI
.
URI,
, UAC .
UA
(service provider), SIP .
URI,
-.
,
Request-URI Route, 2.3.1.2 (
, ) Request-URI
URI .
To
To -
(address-of-record) , .
, .
To SIP SIPS URI. SIPS ,
(, TLS).
URI- (,
tel (RFC 2806)). SIP SIP URI,
, TLS, SIPS URI.
To .
To
. ,
(, anton); UA
.
SIP- (user part) , UA
, @
SIP URI (,
sip:anton@niits.ru).
12
SIPS , UA ,
. (home
domain) ;
. SIP ,
. ,
,
.
tag To.
tag To
( , )
SIP . Tag To tag From
Call-ID .
, tag .
To:
To: Anton <sip:anton@niits.ru>
From
From ,
, . To
URI , , (display name),
. SIP- ,
, (,
). , URI From IP-
FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) , UA,
.
From (display name).
UAC "Anonymous",
(identity) .
, From , UA,
,
. UA
, , URI,
, , ,
From .
From tag, UA.
:
From: "Anton" <sips:anton@niits.ru> ;tag=a48s
From: sip:+79213434329@gateway.protei.ru;tag=887s
From: Anonymous <sip:c8oqz84zk7z@privacy.org>;tag=hyh8
Call-ID
Call-ID ,
. ,
UA .
, Call-ID UAC
. SIP ,
13
, Call-ID, , UA.
,
, (,
),
Call-ID (. 4
2.1.1.2).
Call-ID
( RFC 1750),

Call-ID. localid@host. Call-ID
.
:
Call-ID: f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6@niits.ru
CSeq
CSeq
. . ,
REGISTER, .
32- ,
231. CSeq.
:
CSeq: 4711 INVITE
Max-Forwards
Max-Forwards
. ,
. 0 ,
, 483
(Too Many Hops).
UAC Max-Forwards .
: 70. ,
, SIP ,
, -
.
, .
Via
Via ,
(location),
. SIP , Via
, .
UAC , Via.
SIP, - 2.0. Via
branch.
, . , .
branch ,
UA. CANCEL ACK ,
14
2. CANCEL branch, ,
. ACK , 2
branch, INVITE, .

. branch, SIP,
"z9hG4bK". , magic cookie,
, , , ,
.
Via (maddr, ttl sent-by)
SIP.
Contact
Contact SIP SIPS URI,
UA, (
).
SIP SIPS URI ,
. , , INVITE.
Contact , ..
Contact URI, UA , URI
,
.
Request-URI Route SIPS URI,
Contact SIPS URI. Route
-.
Supported Require
UAC SIP SIP
, , UAC
Supported (option tag)
. ption-tag
SIP SIP,
RFC. ,
, , , .
,
RFC Standard, Supported
,
-.
UAC , UAS , UAC
,
Require, option-tag . UAC
, -
, Proxy-Require,
option-tag .

, , ,
,
.
15
SIP- MIME (.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046).
, , ,
( Content-Disposition, ContentEncoding, Content-Language, Content-Length, Content-Type). 2.2.2).

.
-,
DNS-, RFC 3263: "SIP: Locating SIP
Servers". strict router (-,
Request-URI Route),
DNS- Request-URI,
.
Route Request-URI, Route .
,
. , URI
Locating SIP Servers, Request-URI
SIPS , UAC ,
URI SIPS URI.

. Request-URI SIPS URI,

TLS. ,
, Route.
,
-.
- ,
URI. Route,
, Route,
, Route Request-URI,
UA. , UA, -,
,
Route, . , -,
Record-Route, . ,
Route,
-.
UAC , "SIP: Locating SIP Servers",
RFC 3263 stateful SIP , ,
. ,
Via branch
.
2.1.1.2.
SIP,
.
(transaction user, TU).
16
TU , .
.

, , , SIP
, .
(timeout error),
, 408 (Request Timeout).
SIP (fatal transport error),
, 503 (Service Unavailable).
ICMP- UDP TCP.

UAC ,
x00 , x00
. , UAC 431,
, , , 400 (Bad Request). UAC
, 100,
183 (Session Progress). UAC 100,
183 .
Via
Via, UAC
, , -,
.
3
(, 301),
() Contact
, .
(target set),
URI - Request-URI .
3
, target set. UAC ,
URI, Contact, target set. ,
3, URI target set
. SIPS URI Request-URI,
SIPS URI,
URI.
, target set , UAC ,
target set .
q
Contact. q ,
Contact 0 1.
.
q
q
.
17
q,
q.
, SIP
. ,
.
( 399).
, ( )
(TU) .
, ;
.
,
.
.
, ,
3, UAC URI target set
Request-URI, method-param header. header
,
, .
(,
Contact) .
. ,
,

.
,
. ,
:
sip:anton@niits.ru?Subject=organization&Call-Info=http://www.niits.ru,
Subject
, HTTP URL
Call-Info.
, UAC To, From Call-ID,
, UAC, ,
Call-ID . ,
, ,
, branch Via.
, , ,
, .
, Contact

.
4
4xx UA
, .
401 (Unauthorized) 407 (Proxy Authentication Required)

, .
18
, UAC
.
413 (Request Entity Too Large) ,
, , UAS . UAC
, .
415 (Unsupported Media Type) , ,
, UAS.
UAC ,
Accept ,
Accept-Encoding
Accept-Language, .
416 (Unsupported URI Scheme) , URI,
Request-URI, .
UAC , SIP URI.
420 (Bad Extension) ,
Require Proxy-Require, option-tag ,
- UAS. UAC
, ,
Unsupported .
494 (Security Agreement Required)
.
Security-Server
, . UAC

.
,
.
Call-ID, To From, , CSeq
, .
4
.
2.1.2. (UAS)
,
, ,
- .
2.1.2.1.
,
, . , .
,
, ,
.
,
( , ,
).

19
( ), UAS
. UAS , ,
405 (Method Not Allowed);
Allow, , UAS.
, .

UAS , ,
. UAS
, .
To Request-URI
To
. UAS
, To UAS. ,
UAS , URI
(, tel) To, To ,
UAS. , UAS ,
403 (Forbidden)
( 2.3.2) .
Request-URI UAS, .
Request-URI , ,
416 (Unsupported URI Scheme). RequestURI , UAS ,
404 (Not Found). , UA,
REGISTER (address-ofrecord) , , Request-URI
.
Request-URI Contact ,
UA .

tag To, UAS (UAS
core) . tag
From, Call-ID CSeq ,
, ,
UAS 482 (Loop Detected)
. ,
, - -.
UAS 482 (Loop Detected)
.
Require
, UAS , ,
Require .
Require UAC, UAS SIP
, UAS .
20
UAS - option-tag,
Require, 420 (Bad Extension). UAS
Unsupported ,
Require .
, Require Proxy-Require
CANCEL, ACK, 2xx.
, .
ACK 2xx Require
Proxy-Require, , :
UAC->UAS:
UAS->UAC:
INVITE sip:vladimir@protei.ru SIP/2.0

Require: 100rel
SIP/2.0 420 Bad Extension
Unsupported: 100rel
,
, (options) ,
, , .
- ,
. , ,
, , .

, UAS , , UAS
, .
( Content-Type), (
Content-Language) ( Content-Encoding),
( Content-Disposition), UAS
415 (Unsupported Media Type).
Accept , UAS,
, .
, UAS, AcceptEncoding , UAS.
UAS , Accept-Language
, UAS. ,
.

UAS ,
Supported .
,
SIP- , .
, ,
421 (Extension Required). ,
.
Require .
21
, 421,
Require, . ,
Supported .
, ,
.
2.1.2.2.
UAS , ,
. ,
.
, UAS
, .

, ,
, UA
INVITE. INVITE
.
100 (Trying) Timestamp (,
UAC UAS)
. RTT.
, UAS ,
Timestamp .
,
.
tag
From ,
Call-ID, Cseq Via Call-ID, Cseq Via .
Via Via
.
tag To, To ,
. To tag, URI To
URI To ; , UAS
tag To ( 100 (Trying), tag
). tag
, ( 100 (Trying)).
UAS
UAS (stateless) UAS,
. , UAS
(stateful)
. stateless UAS ,
,
. UAS stateless ,
. Stateless UAS
22
: SIP
.
stateless UAS ,
.
,
, ,
,
UAS.
stateless UAS :
stateless UAS (1xx)

stateless UAS
stateless UAS ACK
stateless UAS CANCEL
tag To

tag.
, stateless UAS stateful UAS.

UAS , .
2.2. SIP
2.2.1.
SIP , ISO 10646
UTF-8 (RFC 2279). SIP
, .
, ,
.
:
;
;
, ;
().
2.1 SIP
23
,
(CRLF).
, .
SIP-.
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
, ..
. .
, SIP-
HTTP/1.1, SIP
HTTP.
SIP .
ACK, INVITE OPTIONS ,
, SDP, BYE .
2.2.2.

SIP- HTTP-
. , SIP
HTTP/1.1
.
,
:
:

(SP) .

.
Subject:
Subject
Subject
:
Subject:
,
.
,
(SP)
(HT). (line break) (whitespase)
SP. .
Subject: , , !
Subject: ,
,
!
24
.
, - (Via, Route,
Record-Route, Proxy-Require, Max-Forwards, Proxy-Authorization ),
.
.
,
, .
: ,
,
; .
WWW-Authenticate, Authorization, ProxyAuthenticate, Proxy-Authorization.
, ,
SIP-.

, ,
, .
, ,
.
Route: <sip:anton@niits.ru>
Subject:
Route: <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>
Route: <sip:alexander@loniis.ru>
Route: <sip:anton@niits.ru>, <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>
Subject:
Subject:
Route: <sip:anton@niits.ru>, <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>,
<sip:alexander@loniis.ru>
, .
Route: <sip:anton@niits.ru>,<sip:alexander@loniis.ru>,
<sip:vladimir@protei.ru>
.
UTF-8
(tokens), (whitespace), ,
.
,
, .
25
: ; = ; =
, ,
.
, .
, ,
- .
, , , .
,
Contact: <sip:anton@niits.ru>;expires=3600
CONTACT: <sip:anton@niits.ru>;ExPiReS=3600
Content-Disposition: session;handling=optional
content-disposition: Session;HANDLING=OPTIONAL
.
Warning: 370 niits.ru " "
Warning: 370 niits.ru " "
.
, .
(, ),
.
SIP,
UDP, ,
- , .
,
, SDP. .
2.1

Content-Type
E
Content-Encoding
F
From
I
Call-ID
K
Supported
L
Content-Length
M
Contact ( moved)
S
Subject
26
O
R
T
U
V
Event
Refer-To
To
Allow-Events
Via
Accept
Accept , , .
,
, , ,

. Accept ,
. Accept,
- application/sdp.
Accept: application/sdp;level=1, application/x-private, text/html
Accept-Encoding
Accept-Encoding Accept,
.
. :
Accept-Encoding: identity, :
. ,
- identity.
HTTP,
, identity ( )
.
:
Accept-Encoding: gzip
Accept-Language
Accept-Language ,
, ,
, .
, , .

q. :
Accept-Language: da, en-gb;q=0.8, en;q=0.7
Alert-Info
Alert-Info, INVITE,
UAS.
180 (Ringing),
UAC. -
.
.
SIP ,
. :
27
Alert-Info: <http://www.niits.ru/sounds/moo.wav>
Allow
Allow c ,
, . , UA,
ACK CANCEL, . Allow
, UA
; ,
, .
Allow (
OPTION) . :
Allow: INVITE, ACK, OPTIONS, CANCEL, BYE
Allow-Events
Allow-Events ,

- event package, (
) ( ). ,
, Allow-Events, ,
SUBSCRIBE NOTIFY
, event package .
, event package,
Allow-Events,
(events), , ,
INVITE, , OPTIONS.
, Allow-Events -.
:
Allow-Events: refer
Authentication-Info
Authentication-Info
HTTP Digest. UAS
2 , ,
, Authorization. :
Authentication-Info: nextnonce="47364c23432d2e131a5fb210812c"
Authorization

Authorization
. Proxy-Authorization
, .
.
,
, .
2.6.3.
Authorization: Digest username="Anton", realm="niits.ru",
28
nonce="84a4cc6f3082121f32b42a2187831a9e",
response="7587245234b3434cc3412213e5f113a5432"
Call-ID
Call-ID
. ,
. :

Call-ID.
- ,
. @.
Call-ID . :
Call-ID: f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6@loniis.ru
i:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6@192.0.2.4
Call-Info
Call-Info
, :
. URI, ,
purpose. icon ,
.
info , , web-.
card ,
, , , ..,
, Vcard ("vCard MIME Directory Profile", RFC 2426) LDIF
("The LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF) Technical Specification", RFC 2849).
Call-Info
. URI,
,
, .. ,
, UA Call-Info ,
SIP , ,
SIP . UA;
-. :
Call-Info: <http://www.serv1.niits.ru/anton/photo.jpg> ;purpose=icon,
<http://www.serv1.niits.ru/anton/> ;purpose=info
Contact
Contact URI,
. Contact
, .
Contact (display name),
.
Contact q expires.
, REGISTER,
3.
, URI
< >. ,
URI, .
,
, .
29
, URI , ,
, .
< (LWS).
To From.
Contact , Location HTTP.
HTTP ,
. URI
,
.
:
Contact: "Alexander" <sip:alexander@loniis.ru>
;q=0.7; expires=3600,
"Alexander" <mailto:alexander@loniis.ru> ;q=0.1
Content-Disposition
Content-Disposition ,
, -
multipart ( ) - . SIP
, ContentType.
SIP Content-Disposition.
session ,

. render ,
. ContentDisposition , application/sdp
Content-Disposition session, render.
icon , ,

; UA
,
. alert ,
,
, ,
; ,
,
180 (Ringing).
MIME Content-Disposition,
, ,
.
handling-param UAS
Content-Disposition Content-Type.
: optional required.
handling-param ,
required.
Content-Disposition , MIME-
ontent-Disposition.
render. :
Content-Disposition: session
30
Content-Encoding
Content-Encoding
. , ,

, Content-Type.
Content-Encoding ,
.
,
, .
.
.
. , UAS
, Accept-Encoding
.
:
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Language
Content-Language

( ).
, .
Content-Language ,
.
Content-Language ,
.
:
Content-Language: fr
Content-Length
Content-Length
, , .
, ,
. -
( TCP), Content-Length .
,
. Content-Length ,
. ,
Content-Length .
Content-Length
cgi- , .
:
Content-Length: 349
Content-Type
31
Content-Type , .
Content-Type , .
, Content-Type , ,
(, -).
:
Content-Type: application/sdp
c: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-4
CSeq
CSeq - ,
. ,
.
: 1 232 .
.
CSeq , ,
. .
:
CSeq: 4711 INVITE
Date
Date .
HTTP/1.1, SIP , RFC 1123,
, GMT, RFC 1123
. Date

.
GMT.
:
Date: Sat, 13 Nov 2010 23:29:00 GMT
Error-Info
Error-Info
, .
SIP

, . ,

,
, ErrorInfo. ,
.
UAC SIP SIPS URI Error-Info ,
Contact ,
INVITE, .
,
, , ,
sip, tel.
:
SIP/2.0 404 The number you have dialed is not in service
Error-Info: <sip:not-in-service-recording@niits.ru>
32
Event
(
- event package), (subscription)
(notification).
NOTIFY SUBSCRIBE
(event-type) id ( )
. Event, id,
.
.
.
Event: refer; id=1234
Expires
Expires ,
.
. REGISTER INVITE. REGISTER
, . INVITE
, URI
- -.
, .
, , 0 (232 1),
.
:
Expires: 5
From
From URI . ,
.
From .
.
,
display name ( ) Anonymous. , URI
, ,
, .
From , URI
. ,
, . ,
.
:
From: "Vladimir" <sip:vladimir@protei.ru> ;tag=a48s
From: sip:+79213434329@gateway.protei.ru;tag=887s
In-Reply-To
In-Replay-To
(Call-ID), .

33
In-Replay-To .

.
.. ,
,
. ,
.
:
In-Reply-To: 70710@lonis.ru, 17320@loniis.ru
Max-Forwards
Max-Forwards SIP ,
, .
0 255,
, .
, .
70.
Max-Forwards ,
.
:
Max-Forwards: 6
Min-Expires
Min-Expires ,
SIP .
Contact,
registrar.
0 (232 1). 423 (Interval Too Brief).
:
Min-Expires: 60
MIME-Version
MIME-Version
.
:
MIME-Version: 1.0
MIME-,
Organization
Organization , SIP, .
.
:
Organization: Niits
Path
UA , ,
-. REGISTER
-. REGISTER

34
.
Path.
REGISTER 2 .
Path REGISTER SIP
, . Path
: -
, . ,
Route .
REGISTER
, .
UA ,
, .
Path Record-Route , Path
REGISTER 2 , ,
Record-Route . ,
Record-Route ,
Path .
Path ,
Route.
Path SIP,
option-tag path
Supported. :
Path: <sip:P3.niits.ru;lr>,<sip:P1.niits.ru;lr>
Priority
Priority .
SIP- UA.
,
. , Priority,
, normal. Priority
, ,
.
: non-urgent (), normal (), urgent ()
.
emergency ();
, emergency
.
:
Subject: !
Priority: emergency
Subject:
Priority: non-urgent
Privacy
SIP-,
,
,
35
. ,
, .
,
(privacy services).
Privacy. UA Privacy,
, .
: header,
session, user, none, critical. header ,
( Via Contact),
.
session ,
(), , , SDP-,
. , IP-,
, . user
-,
, ,
,
, .
user REGISTER. none ,
. critical
,
, .
, none
user, header session,
; () critical.
Privacy: none
Proxy-Authenticate
Proxy-Authenticate , ,
, ,
-
Request-URI. 407 (Proxy
Authentication Required) 401 (Unauthorized).
2.6.3.
:
Proxy-Authenticate: Digest realm="niits.ru",
qop="auth", nonce="f84f1cec41e6cbe5aea9c8e88d359",
opaque="", stale=FALSE, algorithm=MD5
Proxy-Authorization
Proxy-Authorization -,
.
,
-, .
,
,
.
Proxy-Authorization Authorization ,
.
,
36
, .
2.6.3.
:
Proxy-Authorization: Digest username="Anton", realm="niits.ru",
nonce="c60f3082ee1212b402a21831ae",
response="245f23415f11432b3434341c022"
Proxy-Require
Proxy-Require -,
.
:
Proxy-Require: 100rel
P-Asserted-Identity
P-Asserted-Identity
SIP, (
), , (
). URI
. URI sip, sips, tel.
; sip
sips, tel.
(Trust Domain).
- ,
.
, - P-Asserted-Identity,

, ,
P-Asserted-Identity . -
, , P-AssertedIdentity, .
-, - UA, c
, PAsserted-Identity,
. :
P-Asserted-Identity: "Anton" <sip:anton@niits.ru>
P-Asserted-Identity: tel:+79213434329
P-Preferred-Identity
P-Preferred-Identity ,
-,
. ,
,
P-Asserted-Identity,
. P-Preferred-Identity
sip, sips, tel. ;
sip sips, tel. .
P-Preferred-Identity: "Anton" <sip:anton@niits.ru>
37
P-Media-Authorization
QoS SIP.
denial-of-service ( ).
,
. P-Media-Authorization
-, QoS,
( 100), 1 2
UA
INVITE, ACK, UPDATE PRACK - UAS.
QoS. UA
/ -, QoS,
, (
RSVP SIP ,
PATH).
QoS
(). P-Media-Authorization
SIP , offer answer
(SDP- SDP- ).
The P-Associated-URI
, SIP,

. P-Associated-URI
200 (OK) REGISTER
. registrar ,
P-Associated-URI 200 (OK) REGISTER
, UA : ,

.
P-Called-Party-ID
P-Called-Party-ID - ( INVITE).
Request-URI -
( Request-URI ).
Request-URI, , .
, P-Called-Party-ID, UAS
(,

). ,

, .
.
P-Called-Party-ID: sip:anton-work@niits.ru
38
P-Visited-Network-ID
, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Progect),
(home network)
(visited network).
(roaming agreements)
. ,
, ,
.
UA,
,
, UA.
,
.
UA .
P-Visited-Network-ID ,
UA, -
(home proxy); -
. ,
- , -
UA. , P-Visited-Network-ID
REGISTER, .
, ,
, P-Visited-Network-ID
. .
.
P-Visited-Network-ID: "Visited network number 1"
P-Access-Network-Info
UA SIP , , (
) SIP -,
UA, P-Access-Network-Info.
, UA IP. , -,
UA SIP -, . , , P-Access-Network-Info
, ,
.
;
, (
). ,
, - P-Access-Network-Info .
UA, -,
, -
, . .
39
P-Charging-Function-Addresses

.
SIP -, ,
SIP , .
-.
3GPP ,
: Charging Collection Function (CCF) Event
Charging Function (ECF). CCF (postpaid),
ECF (prepaid).
SIP -, SIP ,
P-Charging-Function-Addresses
, .
,
F ECF, - ,
. -,
, ,
.
. .
P-Charging-Function-Addresses: ccf=192.1.1.1; ccf=192.1.1.2;
ecf=192.1.1.3; ecf=192.1.1.4
P-Charging-Vector
.
,
-, ,
SIP, .

() , .
,
.
( SIP -) .
: IMS
Charging Identity (ICID), -, ICID
Inter Operator Identifiers (IOI). ICID ,
.
. ICID
. :
IP- SIP -,
. IOI ,
.
P-Charging-Vector. SIP P-Charging-Vector
,
. SIP -, ,
P-Charging-Vector, ICID
.
, ,
. .
40
P-Charging-Vector: icid-value=1234bc9876e;
icid-generated-at=192.0.6.8;
orig-ioi=home1protei.ru
P-DCS-Trace-Party-ID
, ,
- ustomer originated trace,

. SIP

, .
,
, UAC,
INVITE
P-DCS-Trace-Party-ID.
P-DCS-Trace-Party-ID .
, Request-URI,

, ,
P-DCS-Trace-Party-ID. UAC,
, P-DCS-Trace-Party-ID.
P-DCS-OSPS
,
. ,
, ,
. , ,
, .
(BLV) (EI),
Operator Services Position System (OSPS) .
, SIP ,
, P-DCS-OSPS.
, .
: BLV (busy line
verification), EI (emergency interrupt) RING (operator ringback).
INVITE, P-DCS-OSPS BLV EI,
, UAS UAC , c ,
. EI RING
UPDATE. P-DCSOSPS UAC, .
- (Media Gateway Controller).
.
P-DCS-OSPS: BLV
P-DCS-BILLING-INFO

. SIP
-. , - ,
,
41
, .
(Accounting records) ,
, . PDCS-BILLING-INFO ,
, ,
, , ,
(billable account).
,
.
- UA

.
P-DCS-LAES P-DCS-REDIRECT
P-DCS-LAES ,
(Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance).
,
,
, .
SIP,
, -, .
- ,
.
P-DCS-Redirect ,

. ,
.
-
, .
RAck
RAck PRACK
.
. - , RSeq
.
CSeq . RAck
. :
RAck: 776656 1 INVITE
Reason
SIP . ,
CANCEL -, ,

. ,
,
. , ,
Reason, CANCEL
42
; ,
.
, SIP-.
Reason. Reason
.
, HERFP
(Heterogeneous Error Response Forking Problem) - ,
,
, ,
,
.
Reason ,
, CANCEL ,
. SIP cause,
SIP-. Q.850
cause,
ITU-T Q.850
DSS1 OKC7 ( ISUP). SIP-
Reason,
(, SIP Q.850).
Reason, .
,
. .
Reason: SIP ;cause=200 ;text="Call completed elsewhere"
Reason: Q.850 ;cause=16 ;text="Terminated"
Record-Route
Record-Route - ,
.
:
Record-Route: <sip:serv10.protei.ru;lr>,
<sip:site3.niits.ru;lr>
Refer-To
Refer-To REFER. URI
(call transfer). , ,
,
REFER. .
Refer-To Contact,
Route/Record-Route, 2.4.1,
. :
Refer-To: sip:alexander@loniis.ru
Reply-To
Reply-To URI,
From. , URI

, . ,
43
, Reply-To ,
, . URI
, ,
, .
:
Reply-To: Vladimir <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>
Require
Require UAC , UAS
, .

() option-tag; SIP, .
:
Require: 100rel
Retry-After
Retry-After 500 (Server Internal Error)
503 (Service Unavailable), ,
, 404 (Not
Found), 413 (Request Entity Too Large), 480 (Temporarily Unavailable), 486 (Busy Here),
600 (Busy) 603 (Decline), ,
. -
( ).
duration ,
, .
, ,
.
.
:
Retry-After: 18000;duration=3600
Retry-After: 120 (I'm in a meeting)
Route
Route
-. , Route
2.4.1.
:
Route: <sip:site5.niits.ru;lr>,
<sip:serv3.protei.ru;lr>
RSeq
RSeq
. 1 (232-1).
(
) RSeq .
RSeq
. :
RSeq: 988789
44
Security-Client, Security-Server, Security-Verify

,
UAC SIP
UAS, - ,
.
SIP.
, SecurityClient , -,
. ,
. 494 (Security
Agreement Required) Security-Server
, .
. ,
q ,
.
.
SIP , ,
.
Security-Verify, ,
Security-Server.
Security-Verify
,
, ,
.
: digest, tls, ipsecike, ipsec-man. .
Security-Client: digest
Security-Server: tls;q=0.2
Security-Verify: ipsec-ike;q=0.1
Server
Server ,
.

, .
.
:
Server: HomeServer v2
Service-Route
Service-Route, SIP,
REGISTER , ,

(service route) .. ,
, . UA
,
,
.
45
Service-Route
-. UA
, -,
. Service-Route
, Route. ,
lr.
,
(R), -, HSP (home
service proxy), (DBMS) - ,
(P2). UA1 P1 REGISTER ;
Service-Route, , UA1
, ,
, P2 HSP .. , INVITE
UA2 Service-Route Route. .
UA1----P1-----|
|--R-------|
|
|
|
P2---|
DBMS
|
|
|
|--HSP-----|
UA2-----------|
2.2. , Service-Route
Service-Route: <sip:p2.home.protei.ru;lr>,
<sip:hsp.home.protei.ru;lr>
Subject
Subject
, .
:
Subject:
s:
Subscription-State
Subscription-State NOTIFY
(subscription). active, pending
terminated. active , .
pending , ,
- . terminated ,
. - active pending,
expires,
;
.
terminated,
reason retry-after, ,
. :
Subscription-State: terminated;reason=noresource
46
Supported
Supported UAC
UAS.
option-tag, UAC UAS. ,
. ,
, ACK.
:
Supported: sip-cc, sip-cc-02, timer

SIP .
Timestamp
Timestamp , UAC UAS.
SIP RTT (
).
:
Timestamp: 54
To
To .
,
. tag
.
To From.
:
To: The Operator <sip:operator@server10.protei.ru>;tag=287447
t: sip:+79213434329@gateway.protei.ru
Unsupported
Unsupported ,
UAS. 420 (Bad Extension).
:
Unsupported: 100rel
User-Agent
User-Agent ,
. UA
,
. UA
.
:
User-Agent: Softphone Beta1.5
Via
Via SIP,
. , ,
, ,
,
. , :
- . branch
47
Via .
Via ,
, , ,
, .
: maddr, ttl, received branch.
: UDP, TCP, TLS
SCTP (TLS TLS TCP). SIPS URI,
SIP, TLS.
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP serv1.niits.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK87asdks7
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.1:5060 ;received=192.0.2.207
;branch=z9hG4bK77asjd
(multi-homed host)
192.0.2.1 192.0.2.207. ,
. ,
serv1.niits.ru Via,
. ,
.
-
SIP URI. ,
: /, :
Via: SIP / 2.0 / UDP serv3.niits.ru: 4000;ttl=16
;maddr=224.2.0.1 ;branch=z9hG4bKa7c6a8dlze.1
Via , :
, , ,
(, SIP/2.0/UDP
serv3.niits.ru:4000) - , ,
.
Warning
Warning
. Warning
,
.
, .
,
, Accept-Language
Content-Language .
(warn-code)
(warn-text) .
, .
3, ,
SIP. 300 329
(keywords) , 330 339
, , 370 379
,
, 390 399 ,
.
48
2.2
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
330
331
370
399

,
.
, .

.
.

, .
.
,
,
.
.
- .
,
, .

-,
-.
, .
.

-,
.
.
Multicast-
multicast-
.
.
Unicast-

.
unicast-
(,
firewall).
,
-,
.
.

log-.
,
,

.
IANA.
:
49
Warning: 307 serv1.niits.ru " example "

Warning: 301 serv1.niits.ru " E.164"
WWW-Authenticate
WWW-Authenticate ,
, , ,
-
Request-URI. 407 (Proxy
Authentication Required) 401 (Unauthorized).
2.6.3.
:
WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="niits.ru",
qop="auth", nonce="f84f1cec41e6cbe5aea9c8e88d359",
SIPv2.0
- 2.3.
- ,
- .
a
- .
m
- .
d
- .
r
- ,
.

.
C
.
M
.
M*
, /
.
O
.
T
, /
.
-
, .
*
, .
F
50
.
N/A
.
51
2.3 SIPv2.0.
ACK
BYE
CAN
INV
OPT
REG
IFO
SUB
NOT
PRK
UPD
REF
MSG
Accept
M*
Accept
M*
N/A
Accept
415
N/A
M*
AcceptEncoding
AcceptEncoding
M*
N/A
AcceptEncoding
415
N/A
M*
AcceptLanguage
AcceptLanguage
M*
N/A
AcceptLanguage
415
N/A
M*
52
Alert-Info
a, r
N/A
Alert-Info
180
a, r
N/A
Allow
N/A
Allow
M*
M*
Allow
N/A
Allow
405
Allow-Events
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Allow-Events
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Allow-Events
489
N/A
Authenticatio
n-Info
N/A
Authorization
Call-ID
53
Call-Info
a, r
N/A
N/A
N/A
Contact
Contact
Contact
Contact
Contact
485
Contact
4xx-6xx
ContentDisposition
N/A
ContentEncoding
ContentLanguage
N/A
ContentLength
A, r
Content-Type
54
Cseq
Date
Error-Info
300-699
N/A
Event
N/A
N/A
Expires
Expires
From
/ R

In-Reply-To
N/A
MaxForwards
a, m, r
Min-Expires
423
N/A
N/A
MIMEVersion
N/A
N/A
Organization
A, r
55
Path
Path
Priority
a, r
Privacy
a, r
a, m, r, O
N/A
2 -
d
ProxyAuthenticate
407
a, r
ProxyAuthenticate
401
a, r
N/A
N/A
N/A
ProxyAuthorization
d, r
ProxyRequire
a, r
P-AccessNetwork-Info
D, r
P-AssertedIdentity
A, d, r
N/A
P-AssociatedURI
56
P-CalledParty-ID
A, m, r
P-ChargingVector
A,
P-ChargingFunctionAddresses
A, d, r
P-DCSBilling-Info
A, d, m, F
N/A
P-DCS-LAES
A, d, r
N/A
P-DCSRedirect
A, d, r
N/A
P-DCS-OSPS
D, r
N/A
P-DCS-Trace-
Party-ID
D, r
N/A
P-MediaAuthorization
A, d
N/A
N/A
A, d
N/A
N/A
101-199
A, d
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
d,m,r
57
P-PrefferedIdentity
A, d, r
N/A
P-VisitedNetwork-ID
A, d
RAck
N/A
Reason
Record-Route
A, r
N/A
Record-Route
18
M, r
N/A
Record-Route
M, r
N/A
Record-Route
401, 484
M, r
Refer-To
Reply-To
N/A
Require
a, r
Retry-After
404, 413, 480, 486, 500,

503, 600 603
58
Route
a, d, r
RSeq
N/A
N/A
SecurityClient
A, r, d
N/A
SecurityServer
421, 494
N/A
SecurityVerify
A, r, d
N/A
Server
SubscriptionState
N/A
Subject
Supported
M*
N/A
N/A
Supported
M*
M*
N/A
N/A
Timestamp
/ R

59
Unsupported
420
User-Agent
Via
a, m, r
Via
/ d, r

Warning
Warning
WWWAuthenticate
401
a, r
WWWAuthenticate
407
a, r
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
60
2.2.3.
SIP- Request-Line . RequestLine , Request-URI ,
(, ACK
sip:anton@niits.ru
SIP/2.0). Request-Line
(CRLF). ,
, .
(LWS
. . RFC 822) .

Request-
URI
RLF
2.3 Request-Line

IETF RFC 3261 6 : REGISTER
, INVITE, ACK ANCEL
, BYE , OPTION
.
, SIP,
, ,
. ,
.
Request-URI
Request-URI SIP SIPS URI. ,
. Request-URI
, <>.
SIP Request-URI ,
sip sips, tel; SIP URI
.
SIP URI, SIPS URI, .
Request-URI , ,
, Request-URI -,
.

, SIP-,
, .
, SIP-, SIP-Version
"SIP/2.0". SIP-Version ,
.
INVITE -
. ,
( ),
, ,
. INVITE
, ,
, ,
( ).
61

, , , SIP-.

INVITE .
INVITE,
.
ACK INVITE. ,
INVITE, ..
,
INVITE. ACK
, .
CANCEL ,
CANCEL Call-ID, To, From CSeq,
, . , CANCEL
, -
. ,
, CANCEL.
BYE
. , BYE,
() 200 ().
REGISTER
. :

,
.
From .
, ,
.
Contact ,
INVITE. REGISTER
Contact , .
*.
Expires ,
. ,
1 , .
REGISTER Expires,
0 Contact.
OPTIONS
.
.
,
.
.
SIP,
INVITE (. 2.4.).
62
INVITE sip: alexander@serv1.loniis.ru SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP kton.loniis.ru
From: Anton <sip: anton@loniis.ru>
To: Alexander <sip: alexander@loniis.ru>
Call-ID: 3298420296@kton.loniis.ru
Cseq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: ...
v=0
o=bell 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 128.3.4.5
C=IN IP4 kton.loniis.ru
m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 0 3 4
2.4. INVITE
Anton (anton@loniis.ru)
Alexander (alexander@loniis.ru). - (serv1.loniis.ru).
From ,
.
SDP,
3456 , RTP
, : 0 PCMU, 3
GSM 4 G.723.
SIP ,
. IETF

. : INFO, PRACK, UPDATE,
SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, REFER, MESSAGE.
INFO
INFO SIP
. INFO
SIP , ,
SIP.
,
,
SIP .
INFO ,
.

SIP -,

Record-Route INVITE.
INFO,
.
63
INFO :

DTMF ,

( )

, INFO,
, .
INFO
.
, 200 (OK).
, 415
(Unsupported Media Type).
INFO . UAS, CANCEL
INFO, 487 (Request Cancelled),
.
INFO -,
, , BYE.
INFO RFC 2976.
PRACK
SIP ,
.
( ).
,
. , , ,
.

SIP (
option tag 100rel).
,
2 INVITE.
TU ( )
, .
, PRACK. PRACK
, ACK, .
PRACK SIP-, BYE.
.. (hop-by-hop)
stateful -. BYE ( ACK) PRACK
.
UAS 1 (
100) , Supported option tag 100rel.
, UAC
.
64
UAC
. UAC Require option tag
100rel. ,
RSeq ( 1 (231 1)).
UAS .
, .
UAC PRACK
, , .
PRACK RAck,
. PRACK
1, .. UAC PRACK,
.

UAS PRACK. PRACK
, 2.
, , UAS
. RSeq
.
PRACK RFC 3262. .
Anton
Vladimir
INVITE
180 (Ringing)
PRACK
200 (OK)
< PRACK>
. 2.5. PRACK
UPDATE
,
(, ) INVITE.
, (early media) - ,
, INVITE
. , ,
. re-INVITE
(INVITE, . 2.3.7)
, re-INVITE ,
. UPDATE
(
) .
UPDATE .
INVITE-. Allow INVITE
UPDATE ,
. INVITE-
. ( )
Allow UPDATE.
( ),
UPDATE, offer
( SDP),
. answer (
65
SDP).
UPDATE
offer, answer 2
UPDATE. UA -2 UPDATE,
.
UPDATE offer (
) , offer,
INVITE, ,
, PRACK UPDATE, answer.
, INVITE- .
, answer,
offer, re-INVITE UPDATE.
UPDATE ,
(target refresh request).
UPDATE RFC 3311. :
INVITE <c offer 1>

180 Ringing <c answer 1>
UPDATE <c offer 2>
200 OK <c answer 2>
UPDATE <c offer 3>
200 OK <c answer 3>
200 OK < INVITE>
ACK
. 2.6 UPDATE
SUBSCRIBE NOTIFY
SIP ,
,
. :
(
), buddy lists (
), (
)
Internet .
SIP
, ,
66
( , ), ,
. :
UA
UA
SUBSCRIBE (1)
200 OK (2)
NOTIFY (3)
200 OK (4)
NOTIFY(5)
200 (OK) (6)
. 2.7
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
SUBSCRIBE
. SUBSCRIBE ,
. (subscriber ,
)
, SUBSCRIBE.
SUBSCRIBE ,
,
UAC.
, ,
SUBSCRIBE: Request URI, Event
.
Request URI ,
(notification),
,
(, sip:vladimir@protei.ru
URI
(user presence state),
).
SUBSCRIBE Event,
, .
, ,
. event package
. Event
67
id.
.
event package SUBSCRIBE

( event package).
, , ,
/ .
SUBSCRIBE Allow, ,
event package .
,
SUBSCRIBE
id Event ,
. .
, ,
, Expires .
SUBSCRIBE .
(notifier ,
) ,
. ,
event package, (subscriber)
,
,
200 (OK). 202 (Accepted).
, , .
, ,
NOTIFY,
. NOTIFY ,
SUBSCRIBE (
). , ,
NOTIFY. NOTIFY
SIP , ,
SUBSCRIBE, .
, .
NOTIFY , SUBSCRIBE Event
event package, ; id
SUBSCRIBE. NOTIFY
, event package.

.
NOTIFY Subscription-State
active, pending, terminated. active ,
. pending , ,
- . terminated
, .
NOTIFY ,
( ,
NOTIFY
Event).
, ,
200 (OK). SUBSCRIBE NOTIFY
RFC 3265.
68
REFER
REFER, ,
( Request-URI) ,
, .
, (Call Transfer).
, Anton Vladimir ,
Vladimir Alexander, Anton
SIP UA REFER SIP Vladimir,
Alexander. Vladimir ,
UA Alexander, . UA
Vladimir UA Anton,
Alexander.
, REFER
, BYE. REFER Refer-To. ,
, ,
REFER. , sip:anton@niits.ru.
, UAS 202 (Accepted) ,
REFER-. UA
. , REFER ,
, SUBSCRIBE. REFER ,
- refer.
NOTIFY.
NOTIFY UA, REFER,
. To, From Call-ID
NOTIFY
REFER , REFER SUBSCRIBE.
NOTIFY Event refer.
NOTIFY message/sipfrag (
message/sipfrag RFC 3420),
;
.
NOTIFY ,
. refer
, . ,
NOTIFY NOTIFY
NOTIFY, .
NOTIFY Subscription-State terminated (
) reason - noresource.
Agent A Agent B ,
Agent B -. REFER
RFC 3515.
69
Anton
Alexander
REFER (1)
202 Accepted (2)
NOTIFY (3)
200 OK (4)

NOTIFY(5)
200 (OK) (6)
. 2.8 REFER
F1 F5
1 (F1)
REFER sip:alexander@loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ant.loniis.ru;branch=z9hG4bK2293940223
To: <sip:alexander@loniis.ru>
From: <sip:anton@loniis.ru>;tag=193402342
Call-ID: 898234234@ant.loniis.ru
CSeq: 93809823 REFER
Max-Forwards: 70
Refer-To: ( URI)
Contact: sip:anton@loniis.ru
Content-Length: 0
5 (F5)
NOTIFY sip:anton@loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alx.loniis.ru;branch=z9hG4bK9323394234
To: <sip:anton@loniis.ru>;tag=193402342
From: <sip:alexander@loniis.ru>;tag=4992881234
Call-ID: 898234234@ant.loniis.ru
CSeq: 1993403 NOTIFY
Max-Forwards: 70
Event: refer
Subscription-State: terminated;reason=noresource
Contact: sip:alexander@loniis.ru
Content-Type: message/sipfrag;version=2.0
Content-Length: 16
70
MESSAGE
(Instant Messaging)
, . ,
. IM-
,
( ), ,
.
SIP MESSAGE
(instant massages), ,
SMS.
. (IM)
, , ,

.
,
.

(IM), MESSAGE .
Request-URI
, ,
. ,
,
,
. ,
. MIME- ( - text/plain),
message/cpim. , message/cpim
IM-, , IM-,

message/cpim,

. MESSAGE Contact.
MESSAGE -
. , UA
200 (OK); ,
, ,
.
MASSAGE . UAC
MESSAGE .
, .
(IM) Instant Message
URI "im:user@domain". URI im ,
URI (
SIP URI). UA-
IM URI, SIP URI Request-URI
MESSAGE .
. Anton
Alexander ,
niits.ru; -.
MESSAGE RFC 3428.
71
-
An to n
A le xa nde r
MESSAGE (1)
MESSAGE (2)
200 OK (3)
200 O K (4)
. 2.9 MESSAGE
F1:
MESSAGE sip:alexander@niits.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP serv3.niits.ru;branch=z9hG4bK776sgdkse
Max-Forwards: 70
From: sip:anton@niits.ru;tag=49583
To: sip:alexander@niits.ru
Call-ID: asd88asd77a@1.2.3.4
CSeq: 1 MESSAGE
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 18
, .
2.4.
2.4 SIP.
INVITE
ACK
INVITE
BYE
. ,
.
CANCEL
Call-ID,
To, From CSeq CANCEL
REGISTER
OPTION

72

INFO
PRACK
UPDATE

( ).
SUBSCRIBE
NOTIFY
REFER
,
,
MESSAGE
(instant massages)
2.2.4.
SIP- StatusLine . Status-Line : (StatusCode) (Reason-Phrase),
(SP). (R) (LF)
CRLF.
Status-Line
Statusode
ReasonPhrase
RLF
. 2.10 Status-Line
,
. Reason-Phrase
Status-Code,
. Reason-Phrase
: -
, Accept-Language .
.
.
,
.
, (-)
. , :
, ,
73
.. SIP
.
,
. : .
, .
,
- 1. ,
2, 3, 4, 5 6. ,
- .
(1xx)
,

.
1, , 200
.
ACK; UA
100rel 1 PRACK.
, .
2.5. SIP
100
180
181
182
183
Trying. . , ,
.
, ,
INVITE . 1 , ,
stateful -.
, , - SIP .
Ringing. .
UA.
Call Is Being Forwarded. - .
- , ,
.
Queued. ,
. ,
. Reason-Phrase ,
, 5 . 15 .
182 (Queued)
, .
Session Progress. ,

,
, . ,
, SIP ,
Session Progress SDP-
.

.
74
(2xx)
2 , .
2.6 SIP-
200
OK. .
200 INVITE ,
,
.
200 BYE ,
.
200 CANCEL ,
.
200 REGISTER , .
200 OPTIONS
, .
202
Accepted. , .
,
.
202 .
,
.
,
.
(3xx)
3
,
.
2.7. SIP-
300
Multiple Choices. .
,
. ,
. UA
,
Accept.
75
301
302
305
380
Moved Permanently.

, Contact .
,
,
.
,
404 (Not Found).
Moved Temporarily.
, Contact .
,
( ). Request-URI
, Contact .
Expires
expires Contact. -
URI .
,
- . URI
, .
Use Proxy. ,
-.
, -,
Contact. UAS.
Alternative Service. ,
, .
(4xx)
4 , .
,
4, .
2.8 SIP-
400
401
402
403
404
Bad Request. . ,
.
. Reason-Phrase
, : Call-ID.
.
Unauthorized. .
UAS registrar. ,
.
Payment Required. .
.
Forbidden.
. , .
, , ,
.
Not Found. .
, Request-URI.
, ,
.
76
405
406
407
408
410
413
414
415
416
420
421
423
480
481
Method Not Allowed. ,

Request-URI. Allow
.
Not Acceptable. ,
.
, Accept , ,
.
Proxy Authentication Required.
-.
Request Timeout. ,
Expires .
.
.
Gone. , ,
. ,
.
, ,
404 (Not Found).
Request Entity Too Large. .
, .
,
Retry-After. ,
.
Request-URI Too Long. ,
Request-URI, .
Unsupported Media Type. - ,
.
,
Accept, Accept-Encoding, Accept-Language .
Unsupported URI Scheme. - , URI
Request-URI .
Bad Extension. SIP,
Proxy-Require Require.
Unsupported .
Extension Required. UAS
, Supported .
Require
. 421 ,
.
, Supported
, 421 ,
SIP ,
.
Interval Too Brief. , ,
, . registrar,
, Contact
.
Temporarily Unavailable.
, ( ,
, ,
, ).

Retry-After.
, . Reason-Phrase
.
Call/Transaction Does Not Exist. ,
. .
77
482
483
484
485
Loop Detected. . ,
Via, ,
.
Via ,
, , - .
Too Many Hops.
-, .
Max-Forwards.
.
Address Incomplete. Request-URI.
Reason-Phrase.

.
Ambiguous. Request-URI .

Contact, .
.

.
,
404 (Not Found)
Contact.
sip:anton@niits.ru:
SIP/2.0 485 Ambiguous
Contact: Anton Zarubin <sip:anton-zarubin@niits.ru>
Contact: Anton Ivanov <sip:anton-i@niits.ru>
Contact: Petrov Anton <sips: anton-petr@niits.ru>
486
487
488
489
491
493
494
Busy Here. ,
. RetryAfter . ,
, , ,
.
Request Terminated. BYE CANCEL.
Not Acceptable Here. ,
, , ,
.
.
Bad Event. , , event
package, Event.
Request Pending. ,
, .
Undecipherable. , UAS, MIME-
,
. ,
;
UA.
Security Agreement Required.
.
Security-Client option-tag
sec-agree Supported, 494.
Security-Server ,
.
.
(5xx)
78
5 , -
.
2.9 SIP-
500
501
502
503
504
505
513
580
Server Internal Error. . ,

.
. ,
Retry-After ,
.
Not Implemented. ,
. , UAS
.
Bad Gateway. -
. ,
.
Service Unavailable.
.
Retry-After , .
UAC -, 503,
. ,
503 .
Server Time-out. , -,
,
, ,
.
Version Not Supported.
SIP, .
.
, SIP
.
Message Too Large. -
.
Precondition Failure. UAS ,
- offer, ,
580 answer .
(offer),
INVITE UPDATE. SDP-,

offer answer, . SDP-
answer, offer,
.
(6xx)
.
.
2.10 SIP-
600
Busy Everywhere.
. .
, ,
, 486 (Busy Here).
79
603
604
606
Decline.
.
Does Not Exist Anywhere. .
Not Acceptable. ,
, , ,
. Warning
.
2.3.
2.3.1

SIP, .
UA
.
.

(dialog ID), Call-ID,
(local tag) (remote tag).
. , UA
.
, tag To.
,
SIP . UAC CallID Call-ID ,
tag To, tag
From. UAS Call-ID
Call-ID ,
tag From, tag To.
,
. ,
( UA,
), (
UA), URI, URI,
(remote target) , secure (route set),
URI.
, ,
.
,
;
2 ,
. , ,
.
2.3.1.1
, ,
.
101-199 2 tag To INVITE.
80
, ,
(early dialog).
UAS
UAS ,
(, , 2 INVITE), UAS
Record-Route ( ,
)
. UAS
Contact;
. , URI, , IP FQDN. URI, Contact, SIP
URI, SIPS URI. , , SIPS URI
Request-URI Record-Route
Contact ( Record-Route),
SIPS URI. , URI
. , , URI Contact
INVITE
.
UAS ,
.
TLS, Request-URI SIPS URI,
secure TRUE.
(route set) URI
Record-Route
URI. Record-Route ,
. ,

.
(remote target) URI
Contact .

CSeq . .
all-ID Call-ID .
(local tag) tag To
( ) , (remote tag)
tag From . UAS
tag From; 0.
URI From, URI
To.
UAC
UAC ,
(, INVITE), SIP SIPS URI
Contact . Request-URI
Route SIPS URI, Contact
SIPS URI.
UA , ,
.
81
TLS, Request-URI SIPS URI,

secure TRUE.
URI Record-Route
, URI.
Record-Route ,
. ,
.
(remote target) URI
Contact .
CSeq .
.
all-ID Call-ID .
tag From
, tag To . UA
tag To;
0.
URI To, URI
From.
2.3.1.2
,
, . UA,
, UA,
, . , ,
.
Record-Route Contact.
(route set),
(remote target).
remote target ,
. ,
(target refresh requests).
re-INVITE UPDATE.
UAC

(. 2.3.1), . URI To
URI , tag To
. URI From
URI , tag
From .
, tag
To From .
Call-ID Call-ID .

( ), Cseq,
ACK CANCEL,
82
. ,
, ,
CSeq .
, .
CSeq
.
- 232, ,
136
.
,
.
. ,
, 31 32-
.
UAC remote target route set Request-URI
Route . UAC
remote target Request-URI, Route .
URI lr,
UAC remote target Request-URI
Route,
. URI
lr, UAC URI
Request-URI, .
Route, .
remote target Route
.
, remote target - sip:user@remoteua route set
: <sip:proxy1>,<sip:proxy2>,<sip:proxy3;lr>,<sip:proxy4> ,
Request-URI Route :
Request-URI - sip:proxy1
Route: <sip:proxy2>,<sip:proxy3;lr>,<sip:proxy4>,<sip:user@remoteua>
URI lr,
, -
Request-URI Route .
- strict router. Request-URI
Route , ,
strict router.
UAC Contact ,
,
remote target UA
. , secure TRUE,
SIPS URI.
,
, (.
2.1.1.1). ,
Route , Request-URI,
Route .

83
UAC .
,
408 (Request Timeout). UAC 3
, ( 2.1.1.2). UAC
2 , remote target, remote target
URI Contact . 481
(Call/Transaction Does Not Exist) 408 (Request Timeout), UAC . UAC
, .
UAS
UAS . To
tag, UAS ,
. UAS
,
, (. 2.1.2.1). To
tag, ,
, UAS
, , , UAS.
. UAS,
tag To, . ,
tag To, ,
.
,
(, OPTION). ,
.
UAS ,
CSeq .
,
, , ;
500 (Server Internal Error).
CSeq . ,
UAS CSeq,
,
.
CSeq .
- ,
. UAC
, .
CSeq. UAS
. .
UAS , ,
remote target URI Contact .
2.3.1.3
,
2, , ,
, .
84

2.8.3 ) .
BYE (.
2.3.2
SIP , :
.
(
).
INVITE ( INVITE-), ACK ,
, 2; ACK
INVITE-.
UAC 200 (OK) INVITE.
200, UAS ,
UAC
ACK.
,
.
, .
- (stateful).
2.11, , UAC ,
- .
,
-. - ,
UAS.
UAC
UAS
-
-
2.11 .
- ,
. UA -
UA -
. ,
( - Transaction User (TU);
UA - )
.
TU, , ,
(, ACK). ,
85
INVITE ACK
2.
SIP
TU. .
TU
SIP ; INVITE-, ACK
, 2.
2 ACK . 2
UA, ACK
. ,
, . (-
) 2 ,
ACK, UA, .
- 2
INVITE ACK.
2.3.2.1
(TU)
. TU ,
SIP-, , IP, ,
.

, TU.
INVITE ( INVITE-).
, INVITE ACK ( -INVITE). ACK:
TU ( 2
INVITE), SIP
.
INVITE- -
:
( 2) .

(three-way handshake).
. TU -INVITE ,
, .
INVITE-
INVITE- .
, ,
ACK.
(, UDP)
T1,
. T1 ..
(RTT), T1 500 .
T1, ,
T1.
. ( 1)
, .
86
1 , (
). .
,
.
ACK,
.
INVITE
( ) INVITE
. 2.12. Calling , TU
INVITE.
SIP .
,
A T1. ( A
).
64T1
(
INVITE-). ,
, SIP,
, 2T1. ,
, .
,
Calling.
, 1 500 . T1 RTT
. SIP- ,
T1 ,
. T1 ,
, RTT (round-trip time) .
Calling,
, TU
. 64T1
.
, Calling,
, Proceeding.
.
, TU.
, Proceeding.
300-699
Completed. TU
, ACK SIP. ACK
, ,
. Completed D
32 0
. ,
Completed, .
D H INVITE ,
64T1. T1,
, D 32 .
,
Completed, ACK,
TU.
87
INVITE TU

INVITE
,
INVITE
TU
Calling
2 TU
300-699
ACK,
TU
1 TU
1 TU
Proceeding
2 TU
300-699
ACK,
TU
300-699
ACK
Completed
TU
Terminated
. 2.12 INVITE-.
D
Terminated. 2 Calling Proceeding
Terminated,
TU. , TU:
- . UAC
ACK , - 200
(OK) .

Terminated. ,
. , 2 INVITE -.
2 - ( ,
) UAC ( , ).
88
. , SIP
,
TU.
2, 2 .
ACK
ACK,
. UAC, ACK 2,
, 2.3.1. ACK,
, Call-ID,
From, Request-URI, ,
- , (
INVITE). To
, ,
tag. ACK
Via, Via .
CSeq , ,
ACK.
, INVITE,
, Route, ACK.
, ACK
- (stateless).
, ACK .
, , ACK ,
.
ACK , 2, ,
, INVITE, ,
415. , 415,
ACK , Accept
. .

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.niits.ru;branch=z9hG4bKkjshdyff
To: Vladimir <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>
From: Anton <sip:anton@niits.ru>;tag=88sja8x
Max-Forwards: 70
Call-ID: 987asjd97y7atg
CSeq: 986759 INVITE
ACK , 2
ACK sip:vladimir@protei.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.niits.ru;branch=z9hG4bKkjshdyff
To: Vladimir <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=99sa0xk
From: Anton <sip:anton@niits.ru>;tag=88sja8x
Max-Forwards: 70
Call-ID: 987asjd97y7atg
CSeq: 986759 ACK
89
-INVITE
-INVITE ACK.
-.
T1,
2. ,
, T2.
/
.
,
.
-INVITE
( ) -INVITE
. 2.13. C Trying , TU
. F
641. SIP .
E
T1. , ,
MIN(2T1, T2).
MIN(4T1, T2).
,
; T2.
2 4 . INVITE ,
. 1 2
: 500 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 4 , 4 ..
F
TU Terminated.
Trying, TU,
Proceeding.
( 200-699) Trying, TU,
Completed.
Proceeding,
SIP, T2.
F Proceeding TU
Terminated.
( 200-699) Proceeding,
TU, Completed.
Completed,
4 0
. Completed
,
. 4 ,

. 4 5 .
, .
K, Terminated.
, .
90
TU
Trying
TU
200-699
TU
1 TU
F

TU
Proceeding
1 TU
200-699
TU
Completed
TU
Terminated
. 2.13 -INVITE

, ,
. ,
, . branch
Via. :
91
1. Via branch,
, .
2. CSeq ,
. , CANCEL
, branch, ..
.

.
branch Via, tag
To. , , ,
, .
SIP ,
SIP ,
. TU
Terminated.
2.3.2.2
TU
.
. ,
.
.
INVITE
( ) INVITE
. 2.14. ,
Proceeding. 100
(Trying), , TU
200 . ,

. TU.
TU .
Proceeding,
SIP. ..
,
.
. ,
SIP TU .
,
, .
TU Proceeding
2,
SIP .
2 , TU.
Terminated. TU 300-699
SIP,
92
Completed. G
T1.
, Completed,
H 64T1 . H ,
.
B, ,
. G,
SIP , G
MIN(2T1, T2).
G ; ,
T2; 2.
, Completed ,
SIP .
ACK
Confirmed. G ,
.
H Completed , ACK
; Terminated
TU .
Confirmed - ACK
. ,
I 4 ,
0 . I
Terminated.
Terminated .
,
2 INVITE.
93
INVITE
INVITE TU,
100, TU
200

INVITE
101-199 TU
Proceeding
TU
300-699 TU
2 TU
INVITE
Completed
H
ACK
TU
Confirmed
TU
Terminated
. 2.14 C INVITE
-INVITE
( ) -INVITE
. 2.15. ( INVITE ACK)
Trying. TU,
( ,
). TU ,
94
Proceeding.
SIP .
TU.
Proceeding SIP
, .
Completed TU ( 200-699),
SIP.
Completed J 64T1
0 .

SIP , .
, TU Completed,
. ,
J;
Terminated. .
95
TU
200-699 TU
Trying
1 TU
1 TU
Proceeding

TU
200-699 TU
ompleted

TU
J
Terminated
. 2.15 -INVITE

,
. .
branch Via.
"z9hG4bK" (magic cookie), ,
96
SIPv2.0. ,
branch , .
, :
1. branch
Via , .
2. Via
Via , .
3. , ,
ACK, , , INVITE.
INVITE-, -INVITE .
Via

branch:
.
Via branch
magic cookie, ; ,
.
INVITE , Request-URI,
tag To From, Call-ID, CSeq Via
INVITE, .
INVITE.
ACK , Request-URI, tag
From, Call-ID, CSeq
Via INVITE,
, tag To tag To
, . tag To
- ACK 2
ACK .
, ,
Request-URI, tag To From, Call-ID, CSeq
Via ,
. -INVITE .
97
2.11 SIP
T1
T2
500 ( )
4
T4
5c
= 1
64*T1
> 3
D
E
32 UDP
0 TCP/SCTP
= 1
RTT ( )
-INVITE
INVITE
,

INVITE
( UDP)

INVITE-.

INVITE- -

64*T1
= 1
H
I
64*T1
4 UDP
0 TCP/SCTP
64*T1 UDP
0 TCP/SCTP
T4 UDP
0 TCP/SCTP
J
K
-INVIITE
( UDP)
INVITE

INVITE
ACK

ACK
INVITE

2.3.2.3 SDL-
INVITE
98
S0
(TU)
Idle
INVITE
B
T = 64*T1
INVITE
TCP
S1
UDP
A
T = T1
Calling
D: =0
S1
Calling
.2.16. Calling.
(TU)
S1
Calling
SIP
INVITE
A
D
T = 2 * T1
300 - 699
ACK
300 - 699
D:=D+1
D<6
SIP
S2
Proceeding
B
S4
S1
Calling
Terminated
S3
S1
Calling
1. 2
SIP TU.

ACK UA. - 2
.
Completed
.2.17. Proceeding.
99

(TU)
S2
SIP
Proceeding
300 - 699
ACK
300 - 699
S2
Proceeding
S4
Terminated
S3
Completed
.2.18. Completed.
(TU)
S4
S3
SIP
Compleeted
SIP
300 - 699
ACK
Terminated
S3
Completed
S4
Terminated
.2.19. Terminated.
:
S0 Idle - -
S1 Calling - - INVITE,
.
S2 Proceeding - 1 ,
INVITE , .
S3 Completed - -
300-699, ACK.
S4 Terminated - .
100
-INVITE
S0
(TU)
SIP
Idle
F
T = 64*T1
TCP
UDP
S1
E
T = T1
Trying
D:=0
S1
Trying
.2.20. Trying.
(TU)
S1
SIP
Trying
SIP
D:=D+1
200 - 699
200 - 699
S2
Proceeding
E
D
T = MIN(2 * T1, T2)
S4
S1
Trying
Terminated
S3
Completed
101
.2.21. Proceeding.
S2
(TU)
SIP
Proceeding
SIP
E
T = T2
200 - 699
200 - 699
S2
Proceeding
S2
Proceeding
S4
Terminated
S3
Completed
.2.22. Completed.
(TU)
200 - 699
S3
SIP
Compleeted
200 - 699
S3
S4
Terminated
Completed
.2.23. Terminated.
:
S0 Idle - -
S1 Trying - - ,
.
S2 Proceeding - 1 ,
, .
S3 Completed - -
200-699.
102
S4 Terminated - .
INVITE
S0
SIP
(TU)
Idle
INVITE
INVITE

1
TU 200

S1
Proceeding
SIP
300 - 699
300 - 699

T = 64*T1

2

2
INVITE
S2
Completed
101-199
101-199
S1
S4
Terminated
TCP
Proceeding
UDP
G
T = T1
D:=0
S2
1. 2
TU SIP. TU
ACK
SIP.
2. INVITE
1 ,
TU.
Completed
.2.24. Proceeding.
103

SIP
300 - 699
S2
(TU)
Completed
SIP
D:=D+1
INVITE
ACK
ACK
S2
ompleted
G
T = MIN(2 * T1, T2)
S4
S2
Terminated
Completed
S3
Comfirmed
.2.25. Completed.

SIP
ACK
S3
(TU)
Confirmed

ACK 300-699
I
c
S3
Confirmed
S4
Terminated
.2.26. Confiimed.
S0 Idle - -
S1 Proceeding - INVITE,
.
S2 Completed - -
300-699, ACK.
S3 Confirmed - ACK
300-699.
S4 Terminated - .
-INVITE
104

SIP
S0
(TU)
Idle
S1
Trying
200 - 699
101-199
200 - 699
101-199
S3
S2
Completed
Proceeding
.2.27. Proceeding.
S0 Idle - -
S1 Trying - ,
.
S2 Proceeding - - TU 1 ,
.
S3 Completed -
, 200-699 .
S4 Terminated - .
SIP
200 - 699
200 - 699

J = 64*T1
S2
Proceeding
SIP
S4
Terminated
(TU)
101-199
101-199
S2
Proceeding
S3
Completed
1. INVITE
1 ,
TU.
.2.28. Completed.
105

SIP
S4
S3
(TU)
Compleeted
SIP
200 - 699
Terminated
S3
Completed
S4
Terminated
.2.29. Terminated.
2.3.3
,
(), .
SIP, , ,

.
(location server),

.
, ,
sip:anton@niits.ru,
,
sip:anton@serv1.niits.ru. , -
() ,
.

,
(binding) - URI (address-of-record)
. , -
, Request-URI
, , ,
.

, .
,
URI .
. SIP
.
. REGISTER
, (registrar).
REGISTER
, . ,
, -,
.
106
. 2.16. ,
- .
. ,
UAS -,
.
Anton
UA
loniis.ru
registrar
1. REGISTER
wstation234
UA
2.
4.
3. INVITE
alexander@loniis.ru
sip.loniis.ru
5.
6. INVITE
alexander@wstation234.loniis.ru
Alexander
. 2.30 .
SIP
.
, -
. Registrar
SIP - .
2.3.3.1 REGISTER
REGISTER ,
. REGISTER
(
).
( , ,
).
, ,
REGISTER , ,
UAC.
REGISTER . UAC
REGISTER Route, .
Record-Route
. , UAC
(route set) RecordRoute REGISTER.
REGISTER :
Request-URI
107
Request-URI ,
( , sip:niits.ru). userinfo (
) @ SIP- .
To
To ,
. To Request-URI , ..
. SIP, SIPS URI.
From
From , .
To, ,
.
Call-ID
UAC
Call-ID registrar.
CSeq
CSeq REGISTER.
CSeq REGISTER
Call-ID.
Contact
REGISTER Contact,
.
(,
Contact),

REGISTER.
action expires Contact
REGISTER .
ction
action
.
, ,
, UA. ,
UAC . SIP
.
expires

( ).
. ,
Expires. (232 1)
(4294967295 136 ) , (232 1).
3600.

108
REGISTER, ,
(), SIP-
. To . Contact
SIP SIPS URI, SIP (
, sip:anton@serv1.niits.ru),
URI. UA ( URI
tel) ( URI mailto)
.
,
Vladimir
sip:vladimir@protei.ru c
protei.ru.
- , Vladimir,
.
, ,

. 2 REGISTER
Contact ,
.
To REGISTER SIPS URI,
Contact SIPS URI.
-SIPS URI SIPS URI ,
, ,
. URI, ,
SIP, SIP-, , TLS.

REGISTER,
( registrar
).
: Expires expires
Contact.
, REGISTER
,
, Contact expires.
,
, .

REGISTER Contact,
, UA, ,
To.
Contact q. q
Contact
.

109

, .
, ,
. UA
, ,
REGISTER.
,
.
Contact - *
, ,
Expires - 0. *
Contact UA ,
, .

UA , .
, UA. 2 registrar
Contact ,
. UA
. , UA

expires - Expires. UA REGISTER
, ;
REGISTER.
UA Call-ID
.
, ,
.
registrar
UA ,
: ,
,
. UA registrar.
UA registrar, UA ,
@ ; Request-URI
, SIP- ,
, UA
"SIP: Locating SIP Servers", RFC 3263.
sip:vladimir@protei.ru REGISTER sip:protei.ru.
UA
.
. .
UAC.

, REGISTER ,
, UAC ,
UAC .
, REGISTER,
110
UAC REGISTER registrar;

.

.
UA 423 (Interval Too Brief),
,
REGISTER
Min-Expires .
2.3.3.2 REGISTER
Registrar UAS, REGISTER
, - ,
. Registrar
, UAS, REGISTER. Registrar
6.
REGISTER Record-Route, registrar
( REGISTER,
-, Record-Route).
Record-Route
REGISTER.
Registrar REGISTER .
REGISTER .. ,
.
.
REGISTER
:
1. Registrar Request-URI,
, Request-URI. , Request-URI
, registrar ,
-.
2. UAS , registrar
Require ,
.
3. Registrar UAC. SIP
2.6.
SIP-.
, registrar From
.
4. Registrar ,
. ,
,
,
. , registrar
403 (Forbidden) .
111
5. registrar To .
, Request-URI, registrar
404 (Not Found) .
, escaped- (%
+ )
. , ,
.
6. Registrar Contact. ,
REGISTER (. 8). Contact
, registrar , Contact
- *, Expires.
Contact ,
, 400 (Invalid Request)
. registrar
Call-ID , .
, ; - ,
CSeq , .
.
7. Registrar Contact.
,
:
-
expires,
.
expires , Expired,

.
expires, Expires
,
.
Registrar
. ,
,
, registrar 423 (Interval Too
Brief). Min-Expires,
. .

. - follow-me service,
.
registrar ;
, ,
registrar.
registrar ,
URI. ,
, Call-ID.
Call-ID ,
, , , .
112
, Call-ID , registrar
CSeq: ,
, .
.
Call-ID CSeq .
-
,
. , 500
(Server Error), .
8. Registrar 200 (OK). Contact
.
expires, ,
registrar. Date.

Vladimir .
. 2.17. , ,
, .
protei.ru

Vladimir
REGISTER (1)
200 OK (2)
. 2.31
REGISTER (1)
REGISTER sip:registrar.protei.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP serv3.protei.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Max-Forwards: 70
To: Bob <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>
From: Bob <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=456248
Call-ID: 843817637684230@998sdasdh09
CSeq: 1826 REGISTER
Contact: <sip:vladimir@192.0.2.4>
Expires: 7200
Content-Length: 0
. Registrar 200 (OK):

200 (OK) (2)
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP serv3.protei.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
;received=192.0.2.4
To: Bob <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=2493k59kd
From: Bob <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=456248
113
Call-ID: 843817637684230@998sdasdh09
CSeq: 1826 REGISTER
Contact: <sip:vladimir@192.0.2.4>
Expires: 7200
Content-Length: 0
2.3.4
SIP- OPTIONS UA
- .
, ,
, ,
, . , , INVITE
Require, option-tag ,
UA , OPTIONS.
Supported option-tag, UAS
. OPTIONS UA.
OPTIONS Request-URI.
OPTIONS -, URI Request-URI
Request-URI
REGISTER.
, - OPTIONS
Max-Forwards 0, , ,
Request-URI .
HTTP/1.1; (
traceroute HTTP) UA
OPTIONS MaxForwards, .
OPTIONS,
TU
. ,
.
OPTIONS
UA ,
.
Anton
Vladimir
OPTIONS
200 (OK)
114
. 2.32
2.3.4.1 OPTIONS
OPTIONS
UAC. Contact OPTIONS
. Accept,
, UAC .
application/sdp, .
,
Request-URI, , ,
OPTIONS, , OPTIONS
. OPTIONS:
OPTIONS sip:alexander@loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.niits.tu;branch=z9hG4bKhjhs8ass877
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sip:alexander@loniis.ru>
From: Anton <sip:anton@niits.ru>;tag=1928301774
Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
CSeq: 63104 OPTIONS
Contact: <sip:anton@pc33.niits.ru>
Accept: application/sdp
Content-Length: 0
2.3.4.2 OPTIONS
OPTIONS
UAS SIP-. ,
INVITE .. - 200 (OK) UAS , 486 (Busy
Here) UAS .. OPTIONS
UAS OPTIONS ,
UAS INVITE.
OPTIONS, ,
200 (OK), , ,
.
, INVITE, OPTIONS
, -
200 (OK) ( INVITE
). , INVITE
-,
.
OPTIONS -,
200 (OK), -.
.
200 (OK) OPTIONS Allow, Accept,
Accept-Encoding, Accept-Language, Supported. -,
Allow, ,
115
. Contact 200 (OK);

, 3, ..
, .
Warning.
, Accept OPTIONS (
Accept application/sdp).
Accept OPTIONS ,
, UAS
. UAS OPTIONS
( ).
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.niits.ru;branch=z9hG4bKhjhs8ass877
;received=192.0.2.4
To: <sip:alexander@loniis.ru>;tag=93810874
From: Alice <sip:anton@niits.ru>;tag=1928301774
CSeq: 63104 OPTIONS
Contact: <sip:alexander@loniis.ru>
Contact: <mailto:alexander@loniis.ru>
Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE
Accept: application/sdp
Accept-Encoding: gzip
Accept-Language: en
Supported: 100rel
Content-Length: 274
2.3.5
CANCEL, ,
, . UAS
. CANCEL
, UAS .
,
.
CANCEL INVITE,
. UAS,
CANCEL INVITE, ,
INVITE
(487).
CANCEL -,
. 2.3.2. UAC
INVITE, 2.4.1. CANCEL .
2.3.5.1.
CANCEL INVITE.
, CANCEL -INVITE
116
,
- , CANCEL .
CANCEL .
Request-URI, Call-ID, To, CSeq From CANCEL
, tag. CANCEL,
, Via,
Via .
CANCEL
. , CSeq CANCEL.
, ,
.
Route, CANCEL
. , stateless -
CANCEL.
CANCEL Require Proxy-Require.
CANCEL ,
( ) .
, CANCEL ;
, ,
CANCEL. ,
CANCEL, ,
. CANCEL,
,
. ,
CANCEL ,
. CANCEL
, CANCEL .
, , , CANCEL . , UAC,
487 (Request Terminated)
, UAS,
, .
64*T1 ,

.
2.3.5.2
CANCEL TU
. , TU
CANCEL, ,
2.3.2.2
.
CANCEL . Stateless , stateful -
CANCEL, UAS . CANCEL 2.4.1.8.
UAS CANCEL
UAS, 2.1.2. , CANCEL

117
, ( ,
Authorization).
, CANCEL Require.
UAS, ,
CANCEL, 481 (Call Leg/Transaction Does Not
Exist) CANCEL.
, UAS CANCEL ,
. , CANCEL
,
,
. UAS ,
. INVITE, UAS
INVITE 487 (Request Terminated).
CANCEL .
,
CANCEL , UAS 200 (OK).
, 2.1.2.2, ,
tag To CANCEL tag To
. CANCEL
. . 2.19
CANCEL.
INVITE (1)
180 Ringing (2)

INVITE
CANCEL (3)
200 OK (4)
487 Request Terminated(5)
ACK (6)
2.33
2.3.6.
( ),
INVITE. INVITE .
- UAS,
. UAS
.
118
UAS 2xx (OK);

. ,
3xx, 4xx, 5xx 6xx .
UAS (1)
, UAC .
UAC
2 -2 . - ,
INVITE ,
INVITE-
(, OPTIONS). , UAC
, ACK
. ACK .
300 699 ACK
, 2.3.2.
2 ACK UAC.
2 INVITE ,
UA, INVITE UA,
2. 2 UA (-
INVITE -),
. .

INVITE. UA, INVITE, ACK,
CANCEL BYE.
2.3.6.1. UAC
INVITE
INVITE
, 2.1.1.1.
.
INVITE Allow. ,
.
Supported. ,
. Accept,
UA
. Accept
. UAC
Expires,
. , Expires
INVITE, UAC CANCEL. UAC
Subject, Organization User-Agent;
, INVITE.
UAC INVITE .
, Content-Disposition
session. SIP /
(offer/answer), UA .
(, ), (
) - . UA
, , ,
, -
119
. offer/answer ,
INVITE ,
. offer/answer INVITE :
offer INVITE
UAS, (
2).
offer INVITE, answer
INVITE UAS.
(answer) ,
. UAC answer,

INVITE.
offer UAS,
, answer ACK 2.
answer offer UAC
offer , ,
answer offer offer,
answer .
, UAS answer offer,
offer INVITE.
, UAS offer
.
:
1. Offer INVITE answer 2 (
1 ).
2. Offer 2 answer ACK.
, INVITE,
.
Session Description Protocol (SDP) (RFC 2327),
, UA.
offer/answer
, Content-Disposition session.
, INVITE, ACK (,
INVITE (Content-Disposition: render), ACK
(Content-Disposition: session)).
Content-Disposition ,
Content-Type application/sdp
Content-Disposition - session, render.
INVITE UAC , ,
.
,
.
120
INVITE
UAC INVITE ,
. INVITE
,
(TU) 408 (Request Timeout).
1

. INVITE
, .
,
INVITE-. ,
,
(, Allow
, ,
).
3
3
Contact, ,
. 3 UAC
.
4xx, 5xx 6xx

INVITE
2. 4xx, 5xx 6xx
Contact, .
, 2, ,
, . ,
, 2, Completed,
,
.
2
UAC 2
INVITE, -,
. tag
To .
2
, route set
Record-Route 2 (

).
UAC ACK 2xx.
ACK ,
, Seq ,
. CSeq
INVITE,
121
ACK. ACK
, INVITE.
2 offer ( )
, , ACK
answer ( ). offer 2
, UAC answer ACK
BYE.
ACK ,
.
SIP, . ,
ACK , UAC.
ACK
SIP , 2.
2 INVITE, UAC
, BYE.
2.3.6.2. UAS
INVITE
UAS INVITE .
UAS ( INVITE ,
INVITE ).
, ,
UAC :
1. INVITE, Expires, UAS
, .

. , UAS
, 487 (Request
Terminated).
2.
, 2.3.1.2
(. 2.3.7).
3. tag To,
, , UAS
, ,
UAS.
,
INVITE , ,
.
INVITE , UAS
offer . ,
, INVITE
. ,
multicast- . UAS
122
,
. , SDP- (session id)
SDP-, , origin
. ,
, SDP- INVITE, , UAS
INVITE, , 2
.
INVITE , , UAC
UAS offer. UAS
offer ,
( 2).
UAS , ,
offer.
.

UAS ,
UAC
(, ,
). 101
199. ,
. UAS
.
(dialog ID).
UAS , INVITE,
,
-. -
, .
, UAS ( 100)
, (..
). INVITE-
,

, (,
IVR).
INVITE
UAS , 3.
300 (Multiple Choices), 301 (Moved Permanently) 302 (Moved Temporarily)
Contact ,
. INVITE ,
.
INVITE
,
.
123
486 (Busy Here). UAS ,

,
600 (Busy Everywhere). , UAS
, 600 .
INVITE ,
.
UAS, offer, INVITE,
488 (Not Acceptable Here).
Warning , .
INVITE
UAS 2, .
2 INVITE Allow Supported
Accept. UAC
, UAS , .
INVITE offer, UAS answer, 2
answer. INVITE offer, 2
offer , UAS offer.
, INVITE .
, INVITE ,
SIP. ,

SIP, ACK. 2
SIP , T1
, 2 ( T1 2 2.3.2).
,
ACK. ,
. 2 ,
, UDP
. ,
2 UAS
, TCP.
2, 64T1,
ACK , , .
BYE, 2.3.8.
2.3.7.
INVITE
, offer/answer. 2.3.1. ,
, ,
(remote target).
.
, ..
INVITE , .
INVITE, , re-INVITE.
, re-INVITE
, . ,
.
124
UAC
offer/answer,
INVITE, re-INVITE.
UAC, , , ,
offer, ,
INVITE . ,
, .
, UAC re-INVITE ;
re-INVITE, ( 2),
offer.
SDP-, ,
, .
To, From, Call-ID, CSeq, Request-URI
.
UAC Alert-Info
alert Content-Disposition re-INVITE, UAS
re-INVITE.
INVITE, re-INVITE
, , .
, Request-URI
, .
, UAC INVITE- ,
INVITE- :
1. INVITE , TU
, Completed Terminated,
, INVITE.
2.
INVITE , TU
, Confirmed Terminated, ,
INVITE.
UA , INVITE,
ACK CANCEL INVITE-. , UA
INVITE- ,
INVITE, ACK CANCEL.
UA , 2, reINVITE, , re-INVITE
. 481 (Call/Transaction Does Not Exist)
408 (Request Timeout) re-INVITE (
), UAC . UAC
re-INVITE 491, T,
.
1. UAC Call-ID , T
2,1 4 10 .
2. Call-ID UAC, T
0 2 10
125
, UAC reINVITE, . ,
,
BYE, re-INVITE .
re-INVITE ACK 2
re-INVITE , INVITE.
UAS
UAS, INVITE ,
INVITE CSeq
, 500 (Server Internal Error) INVITE
Retry-After 0
10 .
UAS, INVITE
INVITE, UAS, 491
(Request Pending) .
UAS re-INVITE ,
,
, , .
, UAS ,
.
, UAS ,
488 (Not Acceptable Here) re-INVITE.
Warning.
UAS 2
ACK, BYE .
UAS 180 (Ringing) re-INVITE,
UAC . UAS
Alert-Info , ContentDisposition alert, re-INVITE.
UAS, offer 2 (- , re-INVITE
offer), offer , UAS ,
offer, ,
"An Offer/Answer Model with SDP", RFC 3264
SDP. .. , offer
-, UA. UAS ,
, , ,
UAC. ,
UAC. UAC,
answer BYE
.
2.3.8.
,
SIP. .
INVITE, 1 2 UAS
126
, , offer/answer, . ,
. INVITE -2
, ( ),
. , -2
INVITE.
BYE .
UA, .
BYE, ,
. UA BYE . UA
BYE , ,
, UA BYE
. UA
BYE , ACK 2.
SIP, ,
, BYE .
, 2, INVITE
CANCEL. UAS
-2 INVITE ( 487).
UAC ,
CANCEL. INVITE 2 (),
, UAS ,
CANCEL. UAC ,
2, BYE.
, ,

. UA
CANCEL, 2 INVITE ,
BYE, . UA
BYE.
ACK 2
BYE SIP
ACK .
, ,
403 (Forbidden) 486 (Busy Here),
BYE .
BYE
UAC
BYE , .
BYE , UAC -INVITE
. UAC
, , , BYE .
BYE UAC 481 (Call/Transaction Does Not Exist) 408 (Request
Timeout) BYE , UAC
.
UAS
127
UAS BYE
UAS. UAS, BYE,
. , UAS
481 (Call/Transaction Does Not Exist)
. , UAC BYE tag
, UAS .
UAS, BYE ,
. UAS
-. UAS
2
.
2.4. -
SIP - SIP, SIP-
SIP- .
- UAS.
,
.
-, , .
- SIP. , ,
-, ,
. , ,
-
-.
. , SIP- UAS
UAS .
- , (stateful)
(stateless) .
.
, ,
. . ,
. -
( )
, . Stateful
- ,
, .
, SIP-,
.
-
(, TCP),
. , -
TCP
,
, ,
. , , TU ,
.
Stateful - stateless
, ,
128
stateless (, 100).
.
stateless stateful .
- stateful . ,
stateless , stateful
.
2.4.1. -
-
SIP-. -
,
- ,
. (. 2.20).
. . - , ,
.
-
-
. 2.34 stateful -.
, ,
,
. -
.
Stateful -
.
. -
UAS
( 100 (Trying)). , stateful -
100 (Trying) -INVITE .
, -,
:
1.
2.
129
3. ()
4.
5.
2.4.1.1
, - ,
. :
1.
2. URI
3. Max-Forwards
4. ()
5. Proxy-Require
6. Proxy-Authorization
,
.
- , ,
;
. , , (.
2.1.2.1)
1.
,
. ,
,
. , ,
. , , Date.
, - .
SIP .
. -
- ,
.
2. URI
Request-URI URI, -,
, 416 (Unsupported URI Scheme).
3. Max-Forwards
130
Max-Forwards ,
SIP, . MaxForwards, Max-Forwards ,
. Max-Forwards
, - .
- OPTIONS, - .
483 (Too many hops).
4.
- ()
. Via,
, -
, -
, . ,
-,
. Request-URI .
branch , (
),
Via. , ,
, ,
. -
482 (Loop Detected).
5. Proxy-Require
SIP
, - .
Proxy-Require , ,
- ,
.
Proxy-Require
, -, 420 (Bad
Extension). Unsupported,
option-tag, -.
6. Proxy-Authorization
- ,
Proxy-Authorization;
407 (Proxy
Authentication Required).
2.4.1.2
- Request-URI .
, -,
Request-URI Route
Route (. 2.4.4.2). , .
SIP-, -, strict-router
131
(. ). ,
Request-URI strict-router.
Request-URI maddr, -

.
, RequestURI, - maddr ,
, , ,
. , maddr,
-,
, URI. .
Route , .
2.4.1.3
- .
(target set) ,
.
Request-URI maddr, Request-URI
, , -
. Request-URI ,
- ,
. , -
, , . - ,
( HTTP -, )
, .
, ,
, Request-URI,
, , .
.
,
, (presence server),
Request-URI.
Request-URI
.
(target
set).
Request-URI ,
, - 485 (Ambiguous).
, URI
. , INVITE, sip:vladimir@protei.ru
-,
Vladimir.
,
, -.
,
132
, ,
, ,
-. -
, .
URI .
- URI , RequestURI , . - Request-URI
, , Request-URI.
- 3xx
416, .
Request-URI ,
, -
. ,
. , -
, 3.
-
( , SIP ),
.
, ,
.
Request-URI -, ,
404 (Not Found).

, - 480 (Temporarily
Unavailable).
2.4.1.4
, - .
Stateful - .
URI ,
.
URI . -
, ,
.
,
q,
Contact. q
. , ,
.
Stateful -

. (response
context, . ). -
.
- ,
:
1. .
2. Request-URI.
133
3. Max-Forwards.
4. Record-route.
5. .
6. .
7. , .
8. Via.
9. Content-Length .
10. .
11. .
1.
- .
, ,
.
. - ,
.
2. Request-URI
Request-URI URI
. URI , Request-URI,
. Request-URI
, . URI
.
3. Max-Forwards
Max-Forwards, -
. -
70, UA
Max-Forwards.
4. Record-Route ()
- , ,
, ,
Record-Route
, Route. ,
, Route.
, -
Record-Route, ,
134
.
route set, . ,
Record-Route , . ,
.
- Record-Route .
, .
-
Record-Route Record-Route
- .
URI, Record-Route, SIP
SIPS URI. URI lr, ,
- ,
RFC 3261. -
, . URI ,
, , -
, , ,
.
URI, -, SIP-
. -
,
Record-Route SIP: SIP URI TCP UDP. URI,
Record-Route, SIP -, ,
-.
Request-URI SIPS URI Route (
, .6) SIPS URI, ,
Record-Route SIPS URI. ,
TLS, -
Record-Route. -, TLS,
, SIPS URI Request-URI
Route ( , 6),
Record-Route SIPS URI.
URI, - Record-Route,
. -,
, , URI
Request-URI . -,
, , ,
, ;
(dialog ID) , -
, .
URI, Record-Route ,
. 2.3.1 , ,
Record-Route.
Record-Route
, -
. ;
- ,
.
5.
135
-
.
6.
- , ,
- ,
. - ,
Route,
( Request-URI) -
( Route).
, - .
- URI,
lr. URI Route
. Route ,
URI.
- , ,
-,
Route ,
10, , ,
-. Route,
, ,
- Route,
. Route
- , ,
. , Request-URI SIPS URI
TLS -.
Route, - URI
. lr, -
:
- Request-URI
Route.
Route Request-URI
Route.
Request-URI Route
Request-URI strict-router.
Route Request-URI
, strict-router (
URI Request-URI URI Route).
7. ,

-
IP-,
Route Request-URI. ,
- , IP-,
,
136
Route.
;
Route.
, -
SIP , (Locating SIP Servers
RFC 3263). - strict-router
2.4.1.2,
Request-URI. ,
Route. DNS-
(, , ).
, URI , Request-URI SIPS
, - ,
SIPS URI. -
,
, .
-
, ,
8 10. ,
. , branch,
Via , 8- ,
.

, - ,
.
, ,
(target set). - ,
, 408 (Request
Timeout).
8. Via
- Via
. , -
branch ,
magic cookie.
-, , ,
,
branch. -
branch, .
, 2.1.1.1.,
.
,
, - ( ,
). ,
branch, ( Route, Proxy-Require
Proxy-Authorization). ,
- , , .

tag To From,
Call-ID, Request-URI ( ),
Via Cseq.
Proxy-Require Proxy137
Authorization . ,
, ,
MD5 (RFC 1321), .
- , branch,
, , ,
Request-URI ( ) ,
. ,
,
(, ).
branch.
, CANCEL ACK , 2,
, ,
. branch
, .
9. Content-Length
(, TCP),
Content-Length, -
.
10.
Stateful -
, ,
, 7.
11. C
, INVITE
, TU .
, -.
3 . 2.4.1.5 ,
, 2.4.1.6
.
2.4.1.5
-
, . -
, ( ) stateless
-. , .
, (
, )
. , , 2
INVITE .
-,
.
1.
138
2. .
3. Via.
4. .
5. .
6. .
, ,
, , -
, .

.
7. Authorization ( ).
8. Record-Route ().
9. .
10. CANCEL.
1.
- ,
. .
2.
INVITE- 101 199
, - C
. , 3
.
3. Via
- Via .
Via ,
. , ,
, UAC
( SIP ).
4.
.

, . ,

.
139
- ,
Contact 3, (target
set), 3
. Request-URI SIPS URI, -
, sips.
- ,
3, ,
.
SIP ,
- .
3 SIP, SIPS SIP URI. sip sips
; ,
.
- 416 (Unsupported URI Scheme) ,
Request-URI , sip,
sip sips (.. -
), - URI (target set).
URI Request-URI ,
sip. tel
tel URL SIP URI
SIP URI , .
3 -
SIP SIPS URI, 416,
.
5.
-
, :
, 100 (Trying)
2
6, ,
stateful -
.
-
CANCEL, 487
,
6.

2 INVITE.
Stateful - .
, 4 2.4.1.5.
.
, , ,
7 8.
, , , stateful -
-INVITE -2
2 INVITE.
140
6.
Stateful -
, ,
, ,
. Stateful -
, .
, -
408 (Request Timeout).
- , .
6, .
, -
, .
- ,
, , 401, 407, 415, 420
484, 4 .
-, 503 (Service Unavailable),
, ,
, , 503.
, 503 , -
, , Request-URI ,
503.
503, - 500
(Server Internal Error).
, - 4
503 (Service Unavailable), 407 (Proxy Authentication Required), 501 (Not
Implemented), 404 (Not Found), 407.
, 7 8.
1 2 .
tag To, UAC tag
, ,
. - tag
To 1 2 , . -
tag To 1 2 .
- tag To
1 , tag,
100 (Trying) ( 101-199
tag To). -
. UAS ,
.
3 6 ,
(hop-by-hop). - UAS,
; ,
, . - tag
To 3-6 , tag.
- tag ,
tag To.
, SIP , ,
- tag To 3-6 ,
tag .
141
-
, tag To
, tag To
. , ,
401 (Unauthorized) 407 (Proxy Authentication Required)
Contact
3.
7. Authorization
401 (Unauthorized) 407 (Proxy Authentication
Required), - WWW-Authenticate
Proxy-Authenticate 401 (Unauthorized) 407 (Proxy
Authentication Required), ,
. 401 407
WWW-Authenticate Proxy-Authenticate.
, , ,
. ,
.
8. Record-Route
Record-Route,
- , -
. - -
SIP-,
.
- TLS, TLS, URI Record-Route ,
SIPS URI. - TLS-
TLS, - URI Record-Route ,
SIP URI.
URI, -,
, Record-Route ( 4
2.4.1.4) : URI
transport , - , e SIP,
, .
- Record-Route
, , Record-Route,
. Record-Route ,
.
, ,
URI , -.
Record-Route,
, -
URI -.
Record-Route -
, Record-Route.
Record-Route, , -.
9.
142
- , .
, - ,
Via, 3 2.4.1.5. , received,
Via , . , .
,
Via.
, (statelessly),
SIP.

.
.
- ,
, .
10. CANCEL
, -
CANCEL ,
. - ,
6. ,
, (
Proceeding) CANCEL.
CANCEL 2.3.5.

, 200 (OK)
INVITE. 200 (OK) ,
CANCEL .
2.4.1.6
, -
, .
, -
CANCEL, . , 408
(Request Timeout).
-
, , .
2.4.1.7 SIP
SIP - ,
(. 2.10.4), - ,
503 (Service Unavailable).
- , .
- ,
, .
143
2.4.1.8 CANCEL
Stateful - CANCEL
, . -
, ,
CANCEL.
Stateful - CANCEL INVITE ,
Expires INVITE. , ,
, ,
-.
CANCEL stateful -
, . ,
-
, CANCEL. ,
- 200 (OK)
CANCEL. -
UAS, 2.1.2. , -
CANCEL ,
, 2.4.1.5, 10.
, - ,
CANCEL.
( , ,
, - ).
2.4.2.
-
. , stateful
- stateless -.
.
stateless -
, stateful -.
stateless -
SIP ( 2.10.).
, .
, ;
, stateless -
. , -
100 (Trying)
.
Stateless - ,
2.4.1.1.
Stateless - ,
2.4.1.2 2.4.1.3. :
Stateless - target set.

,
. ,
144
.
, ACK, Route, CANCEL
, INVITE.
Stateless - ,
2.4.1.4 :
, branch
stateless -. , stateless -
,
branch, 8
2.4.1.4. - ,
, stateless -
. ,
branch, ,
, stateless - branch
,
.
Stateless - ,
branch
. , . -
branch Via .
, magic cookie,
branch
branch.
branch
Via, tag To From, Call-ID,
CSeq Request-URI .

.
, 2.4.1.4,
.
, - Record-Route
Route,
. branch Via
,
- ,
.
Stateless - , ,
stateful - 10 2.4.1.4.
SIP ,
.
stateless -

branch ,
. (,
), ,
, ,
.
.
145

.
Stateless -
CANCEL. ,
. , - Route
CANCEL , .
, 2.4.1.5., , .
stateless -,
Via. , -
,
, Via. -
, .
, - .
-, .
2.4.3 Route Request-URI

, - ,
Route, .
1. - Request-URI. ,
-, URI,
.
- Request-URI.
2. - URI Route. URI
-, Route.
3. - ,
Route Request-URI Route. -
,
URI
(Locating SIP Servers RFC 3263).
strict-router, Request-URI
URI .
2.4.4
2.4.4.1 -
P1
U1
P2
U2
146
U1
P1
INVITE
200 OK
BYE
P2
INVITE
200 OK
U2
INVITE
200 OK
BYE
BYE
. 2.35. -
: - U1 -> P1 -> P2 -> U2, -
Record-Route.
U1 ( 1) P1:
Contact: sip:anton@u1.niits.ru
P1 -. P1 protei.ru,
-, protei.ru DNS-
. Record-Route.
Record-Route: <sip:p1.niits.ru;lr>
P2 ( -) . protei.ru,

Request-URI. Record-Route. Route
, Request-URI , :
INVITE sip:vladimir@u2.protei.ru SIP/2.0
Record-Route: <sip:p2.protei.ru;lr>
Vladimir u2.protei.ru
200 (OK):
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Contact: sip:vladimir@u2.protei.ru
U2 remote target
sip:anton@u1.niits.ru, - route set
<sip:p2.protei.ru;lr>,<sip:p1.niits.ru;lr>.
147
- 2 - 1 1.
UA
remote
target
sip:vladimir@u2.protei.ru, route set <sip:p1.niits.ru;lr>,<sip:p2.protei.ru;lr>

route set lr, U1
BYE:
BYE sip:vladimir@u2.protei.ru SIP/2.0
Route: <sip:p1.niits.ru;lr>,<sip:p2.protei.ru;lr>
, SIP ( -), U1
URI Route DNS-,
, . P1. - P1
, , Request-URI,
. - ,
Route,
P2:
Route: <sip:p2.protei.ru;lr>
P2 , , Request-URI
( protei.ru, u2.protei.ru),
. - Route,
u2.protei.ru DNS
Request-URI:
2.4.4.2 strict-router
4 -,
Record-Route. - - strict-router.
strict-router
P1
U1
P2
P3
P4
U2
148
. 2.36 strict-router
INVITE, U2, :
INVITE sip:vladimir@u2.protei.ru SIP/2.0
Record-Route: <sip:p3.loniis.ru>
U2 200 (OK). U2 BYE - 4

Route.
BYE sip:anton@u1.niits.ru SIP/2.0
Route: <sip:p4.protei.ru;lr>
Route: <sip:p3.loniis.ru>
Route: <sip:p2.niits.ru;lr>
P4 , Request-URI, .
- , Route
.
Route - sip:p3.loniis.ru, , URI
lr.
:
BYE sip:p3.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Route: <sip:anton@u1.niits.ru>
- 3 strict-router, - 2
:
BYE sip:p2.niits.ru;lr SIP/2.0
Route: <sip:anton@u1.niits.ru>
149
P2 , Request-URI ,
Record-Route.
:
P2 u1.niits.ru, P1
Route.
P1 Route,
, :
P1 u1.niits.ru Route , P1
u1.niits.ru Request-URI.
2.4.4.3 -
Record-Route
U1 U2 ;
- P1, ,
.
P1
U1
U2
. 2.37 -
Record-Route
U1 :
150
INVITE sip:vladimir@gateway.niits.ru SIP/2.0

Contact: <sip:anton@u1.niits.ru>
P1 U2 :
Contact: <sip:anton@u1.niits.ru>
Record-Route: <sip:gateway.protei.ru;lr>
U2 P1 200 (OK):
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Contact: <sip:vladimir@u2.protei.ru>
Record-Route: <sip:gateway.protei.ru;lr>
P1 Record-Route, ,
U1, U1:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Contact: <sip:vladimir@u2.protei.ru>
Record-Route: <sip:gateway.niits.ru;lr>
U1 P1 BYE:
Route: <sip:gateway.niits.ru;lr>
P1 U2 :
2.5.

-, ,
, .
,
. ,
, , , ,
().

,
, URI
, ,
URI. .
, CANCEL,
, ,
;
3. CANCEL 2.
SIP-.
.
151
3 Contact,
.
expires, .
Contact
.
, 301 (Moved Permanently) 302 (Moved Temporarily)
, ,
, , multicast-,
,
UDP TCP, .
URI,
, Request-URI ,
.
, 404 (Not found),
, -.
Contact URI,
, SIP-.
URI , , .
Contact , .
, SIP , ,
, .
expires Contact ,
. - ,
. , Expires.
3600.
,
,
option-tag Require ,
.
2.6. HTTP
SIP stateless
,
HTTP. , - UA ( ,
),
.
SIP
Digest.
SIP RFC 3261 Basic
. ,
Basic,
.
SIP UAS 401 (Unauthorized) ,
UAC. , registrar
401 (Unauthorized), , 407 (Proxy Authentication
Required).

, .. ,
. realm
152
, . realm
:
realm . realm
.
realm
, .
:
Authorization: Digest realm="protei.ru", <...>
(usernames)
(passwords). ,
anonymous .
, ,
, ,
.
UAC ,
realm, ,
UAC ,
.
,
SIP-, ,
- ACK CANCEL.
,
(, Digest),
, ;
ACK.
INVITE, ,
ACK. , ACK,
Authorization Proxy-Authorization
INVITE, .
ACK.
, CANCEL ,

, .
,
.
, , ,
- ,
403 (Forbidden). UAC
, .
2.6.1 -
UAS UAC,
.
Authorization , UAS
153
401
(Unauthorized).
401 (Unauthorized) WWWAuthenticate. ,
() ,
. WWW-Authenticate
401.
WWW-Authenticate: Digest
realm="protei.ru",
qop="auth,auth-int",
nonce="dcd98b7102dd2f0e8b11d0f600bfb0c093",
opaque="5ccc069c403ebaf9f0171e9517f40e41"
UAC 401 (Unauthorized), ,

, ,
. UAC
.
( , , UA
- ,
To realm
.
, UAC
, anonymous .
, UA, UAS
(,
401 (Unauthorized)), , Authorization.
Authorization ,
,
, ,
. Authorization
( REGISTER, ).
Authorization: Digest username="anton",
realm="niits.ru",
nonce="dcd98b7102dd2f0e8b11d0f600bfb0c093",
uri="sip:anton@niits.ru",
qop=auth,
nc=00000001,
cnonce="0a4f113b",
response="6629fae49393a05397450978507c4ef1",
opaque="5ccc069c403ebaf9f0171e9517f40e41"
, UAC ,
,
CSeq.
2.6.2 - -
, - UAC,
,
. ProxyAuthorization , -
407
154
(Proxy Authentication Required). -

Proxy-Authenticate , ()
,
UAC , Proxy-Authorization
, -,
. UAC
407 (Proxy Authentication Required), , ,
, .
realm ,
2.6.1 401.
, UAC
anonymous
.
UAC - ,
.
Call-ID.
Proxy-Authorization -,
realm.
-,
Proxy-Authorization
-, realm.
- UAC
. -, ,
.
WWW-Authenticate Proxy-Authenticate,
, ,
- .
.
- , 407 UAC
, . , ,
-, ,
, UAC
. UAC
, ,
, ,
.
, UAC
Authorization WWWAuthenticate Proxy-Authorization
Proxy-Authenticate.
realm.
,
, 401 (Unauthorized) 407 (Proxy
Authentication Required). , , ,
realm, . ,
UAC
Authorization Proxy-Authorization realm.
.
2.6.3 Digest
155
HTTP Digest,
SIP. SIP
HTTP. Digest
RFC 2617 "HTTP/1.1" "SIP/2.0"
: URI SIP, SIPS;
nonce HTTP- Etag;
, P.
. Anton
Vladimir INVITE. UAS,
,
Authorization Anton 401
(Unauthorized). WWW-Authenticate
, - Digest, realm,
protei.ru nonce.
UAC , , ,
nonce ,
. Authorization INVITE
UAS. ,
.
, UAS .
INVITE (1)
401 Unauthotized (2)
INVITE (3)
. 2.38
,
.
WWW-Authenticate (challenge).
(Digest) ,
: realm, domain, nonce, opaque,
stale, algorithm, qop. realm nonce.
realm
, ,
(username) (password). ,
, , .
domain
URI, .
URI,
. domain ,
, ,
. domain ProxyAuthenticate, -.
156
nonce
, ,
401.
base64. nonce
. , nonce
. nonce Authorization
; nonce
. .
nonce (time-stamp),
nonce. nonce
.
opaque
, ,
Authorization , URI,
. ,
base64.
stale
, , ,
nonce . TRUE,

. stale TRUE
, , nonce,
(,
). FALSE, ,
TRUE, stale , , /
.
algorithm
, .
MD5. ,
(
,
).
qop

RFC 2069. Qop , ,
quality of protection ( ), .
auth ,
auth-int .
Authorization .
(Digest) ,
: username, realm, nonce, uri,
response, algorithm, cnonce, opaque, qop, nc.
username, realm, nonce, uri, response. opaque algorithm
WWW-Authenticate . realm,
nonce, algorithm, opaque .
username
.
uri
URI Request-URI, Request-Line. URI
Request-URI
157
-. SIP URI

- .
response
, 32 , ,
.
: nonce, nc, cnonce, qop, uri, username, realm,
password.
MD5.
qop
, .
,
WWW-Authenticate.
.
cnonce
cnonce , ,
,

. , qop,
, WWW-Authenticate qop.
nc
nc (nonce count) ( )
,
nonce, . ,
nonce, nc
nc=00000001.
(replay attack): nc ,
.
, qop, ,
WWW-Authenticate qop.
, ,
400 (Bad Request). response ,
,
, , ,
.
Digest- Authentication-Info.
Authentication-Info ,
, .
: nextnonce, qop, rspauth, cnonce, nc.
nextnonce.
nextnonce
nextnonce nonce,
. nextnonce
,
nonce .
nextnonce
Authorization,
"stale=TRUE".
qop
158
, .
, .
rspauth
rspauth
- ,
, auth-int qop
.
, ,
, .
uri, cnonce, nc Authorization .
Digest
- -, - - -, -
. Proxy-Authenticate Proxy-Authorization.
Proxy-Authenticate
Proxy-Authorization
WWW-Authenticate Authorization.
2.7. S/MIME
SIP- MIME, MIME
MIME-
( multipart/signed application/pkcs7-mime
MIME- RFC 1847, RFC 2630, RFC 2633).
, (
SIP -),
SIP (, SDP);
MIME- ,
, (firewalls).
SIP RFC 2543
PGP. .
2.7.1 S/MIME
SIP
. (
),
.
.
UA .

.
,
,
.
. .
,
.

159
- .
,
, , .
,
S/MIME, , , ,
,
. SIP SIPS URI:
userinfo ( ), @ domainname ( ) (,
anton@niits.ru); .
, S/MIME,
, .

. ,
URI ( From)
, .
, ,
, ,

. ,
.
, (selfsigned certificates).
SIP,
.

( ).
.
(
) ,
SIP .
2.7.2 S/MIME
SIP.
S/MIME ,
, ,
.
UAC ,
S/MIME, ,
- multipart/signed.

, UAC ,
.
UAS , ,
, UAS
. UAS ,
, From .
, UAS

- .
,
, From ,
160
( ) , UAS
;
.
UAS , , ,
, S/MIME, UAC
,
- multipart/signed.
, UAC
,
.
UAC ,
S/MIME, , UAC
. UAC ,
To ;
, UA
. ,
, To,
( ) , UAC
. UAC
UAS ,
, S/MIME,
.
, UA ,
From , UA
, ,
. , UA
( , ,
)
, .
,
.

(self-signed) ,
. , ,
.
UA ,
, 493 (Undecipherable).
(
, , To
); ,
smime-type Content-Type - certs-only. 493
(Undecipherable) ,
S/MIME.
, ,
S/MIME , handling Content-Disposition
- required, , 415 (Unsupported Media Type),
. , ,
,
S/MIME. S/MIME.
, 415 ,
.
161
, S/MIME
, , , UAC
, S/MIME .
, UA, S/MIME,
,
, S/MIME
.

, .
, ,
, ,
.
;
,
(call back). ,
, ,
. ,

,
.
UA ,
, , UA
, ,
.
2.7.3
S/MIME
- application/pkcs7-mime multipart/signed.
.
application/pkcs7-mime
multipart/signed. ,
,
.
application/pkcs7-mime, application/sdp.
smime-type Content-Type enveloped-data,
, . ,
(*), .
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.niits.ru;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
From: Anton <sip:anton@niits.ru> tag=1928301774
CSeq: 314159 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 70
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime; smime-type=enveloped-data;
name=smime.p7m
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=smime.p7m
handling=required
*******************************************************
162
* Content-Type: application/sdp
*
*
*
* v=0
*
* o=anton 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 pc33.niits.ru
*
* s=*
* t=0 0
*
* c=IN IP4 pc33.niits.ru
*
* m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 0 1 3 99
*
* a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
*
*******************************************************
application/sdp
multipart/signed.
To: Vladimir <vladimir@protei.ru>
From: Anton <anton@niits.ru>;tag=1928301774
CSeq: 314159 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 70
Content-Type: multipart/signed;
protocol="application/pkcs7-signature";
micalg=sha1; boundary=boundary42
--boundary42
v=0
o=anton 2890844526 2890844526 IN IP4 pc33.niits.ru
s=Session SDP
c=IN IP4 pc33.niits.ru
t=0 0
m=audio 49172 RTP/AVP 0
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
--boundary42
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature; name=smime.p7s
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=smime.p7s;
handling=required
ghyHhHUujhJhjH77n8HHGTrfvbnj756tbB9HG4VQpfyF467GhIGfHfYT6
4VQpfyF467GhIGfHfYT6jH77n8HHGghyHhHUujhJh756tbB9HGTrfvbnj
n8HHGTrfvhJhjH776tbB9HG4VQbnj7567GhIGfHfYT6ghyHhHUujpfyF4
7GhIGfHfYT64VQbnj756
--boundary42-
2.7.4 SIP S/MIME (SIP-)

SIP S/MIME
SIP message/sip
,
SIP. SIP
, ,
163

.
UAS , message/sip,
message/sip .
,
, message/sip
multipart/mixed.
2.7.4.1 SIP
SIP S/MIME
SIP , ,
message/sip, .
, ,
.

. ,
- : Via, Record-Route, Route, Max-Forwards, ProxyAuthorization; Request-URI.
,
, .
,
. Date, UA,
,
. (
),
.
,
403 (Forbidden), ,
.
message/sip:
From: Anton <sip:anton@niits.ru> ;tag=1928301774
CSeq: 314159 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 70
Date: Fri, 30 Apr 2004 13:02:03 GMT
Content-Length: 568
--boundary42
Content-Type: message/sip
To: Vladimir <vladimir@protei.ru>
From: Anton <anton@niits.ru>;tag=1928301774
CSeq: 314159 INVITE
164
Max-Forwards: 70
Date: Fri, 30 Apr 2004 13:02:03 GMT
Content-Length: 147
v=0
o=anton 2890844526 2890844526 IN IP4 pc33.niits.ru
s=Session SDP
c=IN IP4 pc33.niits.ru
t=0 0
--boundary42
handling=required
--boundary42-
2.7.4.2
,
message/sip,
,
S/MIME , SDP.
.

. ,
From , ( ,
sip:anonymous@anonymizer.invalid). From,
,
message/sip, .
, ,
message/sip .
multipart/signed, ,
message/sip, ,
application/pkcs7-mime.
;
, (*), .
From: Anonymous <sip:anonymous@niits.ru>;tag=1928301774
CSeq: 314159 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 70
165
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2004 13:02:03 GMT

Contact: <sip:pc33.niits.ru>
Content-Length: 568
--boundary42
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime; smime-type=enveloped-data;
name=smime.p7m
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=smime.p7m
handling=required
Content-Length: 231
***********************************************************
* Content-Type: message/sip
*
*
*
* INVITE sip:vladimir@protei.ru SIP/2.0
*
* Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.niits.ru;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
*
* To: Vladimir <vladimir@protei.ru>
*
* From: Anton <anton@niits.ru>;tag=1928301774
*
* Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
*
* CSeq: 314159 INVITE
*
* Max-Forwards: 70
*
* Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2004 13:02:03 GMT
*
* Contact: <sip:anton@pc33.niits.ru>
*
*
*
*
* Content-Type: application/sdp
*
*
*
* v=0
*
* o=anton 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 pc33.niits.ru
* s=Session SDP
*
*
* t=0 0
* c=IN IP4 pc33.niits.ru
*
* m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 0 1 3 99
*
* a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
*
***********************************************************
--boundary42
handling=required
--boundary42-
2.8
, ,
SIP
-
166
. , c SIP,
,
.
SIP
, SIP, RTP,
, SIP.
,
SIP. ,
, ,
. ,
,
SIP.
2.8.1
,
SIP. ,
, SIP.
SIP; ,
,
,
.
,
,
SIP , .
(
). ,
, .
2.8.1.1
SIP
, ,
( ). Registrar
, From REGISTER,
,
, To. ,
, SIP,
.
, From SIP-
UA, . ,
,
, , ,

, ,
, .
,
. SIP UAS,
(, , SIP-
),
. UA
167
, SIP-,
.

, SIP
.
2.8.1.2.
, ,
Request-URI.
, . , ,

.
, , ,
loniis.ru , protei.ru.
protei.ru, loniis.ru
, SIP- protei.ru.
UA

protei.ru.
, .
, , ,
protei.ru, loniis.ru,
301 (Moved Permanently). ,
, , protei.ru, loniis.ru
. REGISTER
UA, loniis.ru.
,
, .
2.8.1.3.
SIP UA -, .
, , UA
- , ,
.
UA, SIP ,
. , , UA
,
. , -
, , , ,
, UA.
,
, SIP.
MIME ,
, SDP .
SDP-, , ,
RTP
.
, SIP
, Subject.
168
, (, ,
Subject, , ).
-
,
.
, UA
SIP, .
, .
,
, -.
2.8.1.4.
,
, / .
, ,
.
, ,

, (tag To From
) BYE.
, , .
BYE , .
, ,
re-INVITE, (

).

BYE. ,
BYE , ,
, . ,
-
, BYE .
( -)
.
2.8.1.5 (DoS-)
, (Denial-of-service attacks),

.
, ,
,
.
SIP -
, IP-.
SIP ,
,
SIP-.
,
IP- Via,
169
, , ,
SIP-, SIP
- ,
.

Route , ,
-, ,
, .
Record-Route,
,
, .
denial-of-service , REGISTER
.

,
.
,
. ,
registrar -,
.

.
,
denial-of-service .
2.8.2
, , SIP
:
, (replayattacks) (message spoofing),
, denialof-service . , SIP-
, ,
.
, , SIP
, SIP
, HTTP SMTP.

, ,
. , SIP

(end-to-end), , Request-URI, Route Via
- ,
SIP- .
SIP -
(, Via). -
- SIP .
SIP ,
SIP
. -,
.
170
SIP
. SIP , ,
, , -,
, .
, SIP
.
,
SIP
,
.
2.8.2.1.

.

, TLS IPSec .
IPSec ,

IP . IPSec
,
. IPSec
,
,
( VPN). IPSec
.
IPSec SIP . IPSec,
, SIP,
SIP- .
-, ,
IPSec.
TLS ,
(, TCP); tls ( TLS TCP)
, Via
SIP URI. TLS ,
,
. , UA Anton
- ,
- , UA
Vladimir. Vladimir -
Vladimir Anton .
TLS SIP .
, SIP
; UA,
- TLS, ,
TLS .
2.8.2.2. SIPS URI
171
SIPS ,
. SIPS URI
SIP URI, ,
sips sip. , SIPS
SIP URI.
SIPS URI
.. ,
From . SIPS URI
Request-URI , ,
, TLS. ,
, ,
UAS (
TLS). SIPS URI
, SIPS ,
-, , .
SIPS , Request-URI
, , - ,
Contact, Route. SIPS
URI .
SIPS URI (
transport) , TLS ,
sips:anton@niits.ru;transport=tcp sips:anton@niits.ru;transport=sctp .
UDP
SIPS).
2.8.2.3 HTTP
SIP
, HTTP-.
401 407, ,
, -,
. Digest
SIP
.
Digest SIP 2.6.
2.8.2.4. S/MIME
, SIP
, (, )
SIP
.
S/MIME SIP MIME,
.
S/MIME
, .
S/MIME SIP
SIP. S/MIME SIP
2.7.
2.8.3
172
2.8.3.1 SIP
-,
TLS .
, TLS-;
,
TLS. -,
,
-.
TLS.
SIP, TLS,
, TLS-.

, .
SIP-, TLS,
SIPS URI.
-, ,
IPSec
.
-, ,
Digest.
2.8.3.2

Web E-Mail
.
(, -, ),
(username) (password).
-,
, UA -
, , TLS.

S/MIME, UA SIP .
,
,
.
UA ,
TLS
. Registrar
. ,
, UA . , UA
anton@niits.ru,
,
niits.ru
( , sip.niits.ru). , UA TLS ,
,
, . ,
, UA REGISTER
.
173
registrar , UA , registrar
, UA ,
.
UA REGISTER, Request-URI ,
, . ,
UA REGISTER TLS , registrar
, 401 (Proxy
Authentication Required). realm Proxy-Authenticate
, . UAC
,
, ,
realm . (username)

(userinfo) URI, To REGISTER. ,
Proxy-Authorization,
REGISTER .
registrar ,
REGISTER
. , REGISTER
TLS ,
REGISTER,
(replay-).
, , registrar , UA
, registrar -,
, ,
. TLS
,
. UA
TLS , ,
, -
, -.

, Anton
,
vladimir@protei.ru.
(niits.ru) -.
-,
, , -; niits.ru
( UA
TLS , ). ,
, ,
TLS - INVITE
. UA , -,
INVITE, .
- UA
INVITE,
Request-URI, , .
Request-URI (niits.ru),
protei.ru, - ,
.
,
anton@niits.ru
174
alexander@niits.ru.
- TLS ,
Alexander .
Alexander ,
, Anton -
.
, Request-URI .
, - niits.ru TLS
- protei.ru.
TLS , ,
.

, , , SIP
. , - niits.ru ,
, , protei.ru.
, TLS ,
-, , - niits.ru
INVITE protei.ru.
- protei.ru niits.ru , ,
From INVITE. - protei.ru
, ,
, .
, , .
, , ,
; protei.ru , niits.ru
Anton. protei.ru
niits.ru, , Anton
. protei.ru
, , ,
protei.ru.
, INVITE protei.ru, TLS ,
, , (
vladimir@protei.ru). INVITE
Vladimir. TLS ,
, - protei.ru, Vladimir ,
niits.ru
Anton, , .
, -
Record-Route ,
-. -
.
- Record-Route,
- Anton Vladimir
- (
,
S/MIME).
, , ,
BYE Vladimir
Anton, , ,
Anton Vladimir.
175
-
UA,
-. UA Alexander
alexander@loniis.ru. Alexander INVITE
vladimir@protei.ru, UA TLS
- protei.ru ( , "SIP: Locating SIP Servers",
RFC 3263). UA Alexander -
protei.ru, , UA
INVITE TLS . UA Alexander
- protei.ru,
, message/sip (.
2.7.4) INVITE. - protei.ru
, , protei.ru
From. -
.
Vladimir - protei.ru
:
<sip:vladimir@192.0.2.4>,
vladimir@protei.ru. Alexander TLS ,
- protei.ru;
.
Alexander TCP
INVITE Request-URI,
( , ). Vladimir
INVITE , , UA ,
, From
,
INVITE. Vladimir ,
, Alexander;
.
NAT (Network Address Translation)
TCP
UA. -
, , ,
TLS TCP, .
(DoS-)
, ,
.
, SIP -,
,
, (
, ping-).
,
, denial-of-service
, , SIP-
.
176
, ,
, -,
-;
. -
SIP-; stateful - ,
stateless -. , stateful -
, stateless -.
-
401 (Unauthorized)
407 (Proxy Authentication Required),
,
stateless . 401 407
, (
Via), .
, -
TLS
,
- .
2.9
2.9.1 -
Anton Vladimir
- Proxy 1 Proxy 2. INVITE (F1)
Route Proxy 1. Proxy 1
- Anton.
, Proxy 1 407 (Proxy
Authorization), .
INVITE (F4),
. ,
Vladimir BYE.
- Proxy 1 Record-Route INVITE,
, .
Proxy 2 Record-Route. ACK (F15) BYE
(F18) Route.
177
. 2.39 -

F1 INVITE
Anton -> Proxy 1

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP serv1.niits.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74b43
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sip:ss1.niits.ru;lr>
From: Anton <sip:anton@niits.ru>;tag=9fxced76sl
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:anton@serv1.niits.ru;transport=tcp>
Content-Length: 151
v=0
o=anton 2890844526 2890844526 IN IP4 serv1.niits.ru
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.101
t=0 0
- Proxy 1 .
178
F2 407 (Proxy Authorization Required) Proxy 1 -> Anton

SIP/2.0 407 Proxy Authorization Required
;received=192.0.2.101
To: Vladimir <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=3flal12sf
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Proxy-Authenticate: Digest realm="niits.ru", qop="auth",
nonce="f84f1cec41e6cbe5aea9c8e88d359",
Content-Length: 0
F3 ACK Anton -> Proxy 1

Max-Forwards: 70
To: Vladimir <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=3flal12sf
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
Anton INVITE,
.
F4 INVITE Anton -> Proxy 1
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP serv1.niits.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bf9
Max-Forwards: 70
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Proxy-Authorization: Digest username="anton",
realm="niits.ru",
nonce="wf84f1ceczx41ae6cbe5aea9c8e88d359", opaque="",
uri="sip:vladimir@protei.ru",
response="42ce3cef44b22f50c6a6071bc8"
Content-Length: 151
v=0
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.101
t=0 0
179
Proxy 1 INVITE -
Proxy 2. Anton
49172 .
F5 INVITE
Proxy 1 -> Proxy 2

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP ss1.niits.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK2d4790.1
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
Record-Route: <sip:ss1.niits.ru;lr>
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 151
v=0
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.101
t=0 0
F6 100 (Trying)
Proxy 1 -> Anton
SIP/2.0 100 Trying

;received=192.0.2.101
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F7 INVITE
Proxy 2 -> Vladimir
INVITE sip:vladimir@serv3.protei.ru SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP ss2.protei.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK721e4.1
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 68
Record-Route: <sip:ss2.protei.ru;lr>,
<sip:ss1.niits.ru;lr>
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 151
180
v=0
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.101
t=0 0
F8 100 (Trying)
Proxy 2 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 100 Trying

;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F9 180 (Ringing)
Vladimir -> Proxy 2
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

;received=192.0.2.222
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
To: Vladimir <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=314159
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
Contact: <sip:vladimir@serv3.protei.ru;transport=tcp>
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F10 180 (Ringing)
Proxy 2 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F11 180 (Ringing)
Proxy 1 -> Anton
181
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

;received=192.0.2.101
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F12 200 (OK) Vladimir -> Proxy 2

SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.222
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 147
v=0
o=vladimir 2890844527 2890844527 IN IP4 serv3.protei.ru
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.201
t=0 0
F13 200 (OK)
Proxy 2 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 147
v=0
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.201
182
t=0 0
F14 200 (OK)
Proxy 1 -> Anton
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.101
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 147
v=0
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.201
t=0 0
F15 ACK
Anton -> Proxy 1
ACK sip:vladimir@serv3.protei.ru SIP/2.0

Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sip:ss1.niits.ru;lr>,
<sip:ss2.protei.ru;lr>
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F16 ACK
Proxy 1 -> Proxy 2

;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
Route: <sip:ss2.protei.ru;lr>
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F17 ACK
Proxy 2 -> Vladimir
183

;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 68
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 0
Anton Vladimir RTP .

Vladimir . , CSeq 3.
Anton Vladimir
CSeq.
F18 BYE
Vladimir -> Proxy 2
BYE sip:anton@serv1.niits.ru SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP serv3.protei.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sip:ss2.protei.ru;lr>,
From: Vladimir <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=314159
To: Anton <sip:anton@niits.ru>;tag=9fxced76sl
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F19 BYE
Proxy 2 -> Proxy 1

;received=192.0.2.201
Max-Forwards: 69
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F20 BYE
Proxy 1 -> Anton

;received=192.0.2.222
;received=192.0.2.201
Max-Forwards: 68
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 BYE
184
Content-Length: 0
F21 200 (OK)
Anton -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.222
;received=192.0.2.201
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F22 200 (OK)
Proxy 1 -> Proxy 2
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.222
;received=192.0.2.101
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F23 200 (OK)
Proxy 2 -> Vladimir
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.201
Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
2.9.2
Anton Vladimir
. INVITE
. 302 (Moved Temporarily),
Contact SIP- Vladimir. Anton
INVITE Vladimir -
. INVITE
SDP , ACK.
, Vladimir BYE.
185
. 2.40

F1 INVITE
Anton ->

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP serv1.niits.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbf9f44
Max-Forwards: 70
Call-ID: 2xTb9vxSit55XU7p8@niits.ru
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:anton@serv1.niits.ru>
Content-Length: 0
F2 302 (Moved Temporarily) -> Anton

SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily
;received=192.0.2.101
To: Vladimir <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=53fHlqlQ2
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:vladimir@loniis.ru;transport=tcp>
Content-Length: 0
F3 ACK
Anton ->
186

Max-Forwards: 70
To: Vladimir <sip:vladimir@protei.ru>;tag=53fHlqlQ2
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F4 INVITE
Anton -> Proxy 3
INVITE sip:vladimir@loniis.ru SIP/2.0

Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F5 INVITE
Proxy 3 -> Vladimir
INVITE sip:vladimir@serv5.loniis.ru SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP ss3.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK721e.1
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
Record-Route:
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F6 100 (Trying)
Proxy 3 -> Anton
SIP/2.0 100 Trying

;received=192.0.2.101
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F7 180 (Ringing) Vladimir -> Proxy 3

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.233
;received=192.0.2.101
Record-Route: <sip:ss3.loniis.ru;lr>
187
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sip:vladimir@serv5.loniis.ru;transport=tcp>
Content-Length: 0
F8 180 (Ringing)
Proxy 3 -> Anton
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

;received=192.0.2.101
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F9 200 (OK)
Vladimir -> Proxy 3
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.233
;received=192.0.2.101
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 148
v=0
o=vladimir 2890844527 2890844527 IN IP4 serv5.loniis.ru
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.100
t=0 0
F10 200 (OK)
Proxy -> Anton
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.101
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 148
v=0
o=vladimir 2890844527 2890844527 IN IP4 serv5.loniis.ru
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.100
t=0 0
188

ACK SDP Anton,

INVITE.
F11 ACK Anton -> Proxy 3
ACK sip:vladimir@serv5.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP serv1.niits.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bq9
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sip:ss3.loniis.ru;lr>
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 151
v=0
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.101
t=0 0
F12 ACK Proxy 3 -> Vladimir

ACK sip:vladimir@serv5.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP serv1.niits.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bq9
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 151
v=0
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.101
t=0 0
Vladimir ACK,
Anton Vladimir RTP . - Vladimir .
F13 BYE
Vladimir -> Proxy 3

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP serv5.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bKfgaw2
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sip:ss3.loniis.ru;lr>
189

CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F14 BYE
Proxy 3 -> Anton

;received=192.0.2.100
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F15 200 (OK)
Anton -> Proxy 3
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.233
;received=192.0.2.100
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F16 200 (OK)
Proxy 3 -> Vladimir
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.100
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
2.10. SIP
SIP
.

SIP .
SIP
TCP SCTP. SIP
,
.
, ,
. SIP,
190
IP-,
. SIP,
IP-, .
, (
, DNS-,
Locating SIP servers, RFC 3263), - ,
SIP, . -,

, - ,
.
,
,
.
, ,
(Terminated). ,
,
. 64*T1.
, , SIP ,
TU, (. 11
2.4.1.4.)
SIP UDP TCP.
.
2.10.1
2.10.1.1
SIP
. SIP,
, SIP-,
SIP , IP-, ,
TTL .
200 path MTU(
) 1300 , path MTU ,
,
, , TCP.
( , Via),
Via .
, UDP,
. ,
.
UDP 65,535 IP UDP .
200- MTU
, SIP . ,
Record-Route INVITE.
1300 , path MTU , ,
Ethernet MTU 1500 .
SIP TCP -
(
UDP). TCP-
, ICMP , SIP
191
, UDP.
,
TCP. ,
.
, ,
maddr Via, URI
, IPv4 ttl
1.
, SIP
, IP-/ ,
Via. ,
. 5060
UDP, TCP SCTP, 5061 TLS.

, .
SIP ,
.
.
, SIP
IP- , , ,
Via. SIP
,
, Section 5, Locating SIP servers, RFC 3263.

IP- ,
( )
, Via. ,
,
. ,
, Section 5, Locating SIP
servers, RFC 3263.

SIP multicast- ,
( , ,
multicast-, ).
IP-, ,
, ,
.
,
, TTL,
SIP.
, IP- ,
.

, SIP
Via. ,
,
.
192
,
SIP , 2.3.2.1,
.
, .
( , stateless -,
stateful - UA) . ,
, (, , , UA ).
2.10.2

IP-,
,
DNS- .
Contact REGISTER, 3
Record-Route . ,
SIP- (5060 TCP UDP, 5061 TLS TCP)
.
, ,
. ,

UDP ,
TCP . ,
, TCP, UDP. .
UDP ,
TCP .
, UDP .
SIP ,
,
Via. URI, ,
IP-, ,
received Via.
, .
SIP ,
IP- , .
, , .
:
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP serv3.protei.ru:5060
IP- 192.0.2.4.
, SIP Via
received , .
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP serv3.protei.ru:5060;received=192.0.2.4
, SIP
. ,
193
2.3.2.2. ,
. , ,

. , UAS 2 INVITE,
. , ,
ACK, .
ACK UAS, .

Via , , . SIP
.
Via ,
TCP, SCTP TLS ( TCP SCTP),
,
, .
SIP
. ,
IP- received
( ), , , ,
( ,
Via).
,
, RFC 3263 SIP: Locating SIP servers,
.
, Via maddr,
, , ,
5060, .
,
TTL, ttl, TTL, 1,
.
, Via received (
unicast ), ,
, ,
5060, . , ,
ICMP port unreachable ( ),
, Section 5, Locating SIP servers, RFC
3263, , , .
,
, , Section 5, Locating SIP
servers, RFC 3263.
2.10.3
,
( UDP), Content-Length,
194
, .
Content-Length, , ,
.
, , .
,
. ,
. , 400
(Bad Request).
- , TCP, ContentLength, , .
2.10.4.
,
. SIP, ,
,
, ICMP-, ICMP
. , , (host, network, port,
protocol unreachable) , ,
SIP
. ICMP Source quench TTL exceeded
.
SIP ,
,
, SIP
.
195
3. SIP (SIP-T)
3.1. SIP-T
IP, SIP. SIP
,
.
SIP SIPT.
SIPT (SIP )
(, 7 DSS) SIP. SIPT
, .
SIPISUP, ISUP 7
SIP, , . ,
, , -,
SIP , ISUP.
, ISUP
SIP, SIP
.
, SIP
:
3.1

-SIP
SIPT
SIP ISUP
ISUP
SIP
SIP ,
ISUP
ISUP
SIP
ISUP

INFO
,
SIP ISUP (
7). ISUP
.
3.2

.
3.2.1 SIP-T (-IP-)

, SIP , ..
, SIP bridging. ISUP SIP
, .. SIP, .
ISUP SIP .
3.1 VoIP.
3.1 .
, SIP, , ISUP
MGC (Media Gateway Controller),
SIP. MGC
SIP . SIP
, (
MGC) . ,
. MGC,
SIP , ISUP ,
ISUP, SIP, (..
, ).
3.2
3.2 VoIP.
3.2.2 IP-
,
SIP.
3.3 VoIP.
3.3
. MGC, ISUP
SIP , .
SIP
MGC -, SIP.
3.4.
3.4 VoIP.
3.2.3 IP-
SIP,
.
3.5 VoIP .
3.5.
, ISUP
SIP ,
MGC, SIP,
SIP ISUP.
3.6.
3.6 VoIP .
SIP INVITE, - SIP

MGC. MGC ,
.
SIP ISUP IAM.

, SIP 100 (Trying).
(ACM)
180 (Ringing) 183 (Session Progress).
, ANM MGC.
MGC 200 (OK). MGC
ACK.
3.3 SIPT
3.3.1 SIP
SIPT SIP, 2
[RFC 3261].
3.3.2

SIPT. SIPT
MIME, SIP
( SDP, ISUP ..). ISUP
MIME - ISUP
Media Type, ISUP.
ISUP Media Type :
3.2
Media type name:
application
Media subtype name:
ISUP
Required parameters:
version
Optional parameters:
base
Encoding scheme:
binary
Security considerations: SIP
version
ISUP. SoftSwitch/MGC
, , ISUP
. ,
version; .
version ISUP
(, X-NetxProprietaryISUPv3),
ISUP, ITU-T ANSI.
base ,
, ISUP,
5
.. version . 3.3
base, application/ISUP.
3.3
base
ITU-T Q.761-4 (1988)
Itu-t88
ITU-T Q.761-4 (1992)
Itu-t92+
ANSI T1.113-1988
Ansi88
ANSI T1.113-2000
Ansi00
ETS 300 121
Etsi121
ES 300 356
Etsi356
BELLCORE GR-317
Gr317
JT-Q761-4(1987-1992)
Ttc87
JT-Q761-4(1993-)
Ttc93+
Content-Disposition
ISUP, ,
Content-Type.
Content-Disposition ISUP - signal. ,
,
.
Content-Disposition 2 [RFC 2046].
ISUP Content-Disposition
:
signal,
handling, optional required (. 2,
2.2.2).
( base
):
Content-Type: application/ISUP; version=nxv3; base=etsi121
Content-Disposition: signal; handling=optional
INVITE,
SDP ISUP IAM.
. ,
boundary (. [RFC 2046]).
unique-boundary-1.
INVITE sip:78123877658@max.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP anton.loniis.ru
From: sip:78124513355@anton.loniis.ru
To: sip:78123877658@max.loniis.ru
Call-ID: MAX1231999021712095500999@max.loniis.ru
CSeq: 8348 INVITE
Contact: <sip:anton@loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 436
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=unique-boundary-1
MIME-Version: 1.0
6
--unique-boundary-1
Content-Type: application/SDP; charset=ISO-10646
v=0
o=jpeterson 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 126.16.64.4
s=SDP seminar
c=IN IP4 MG122.loniis.ru
t= 2873397496 2873404696
m=audio 9092 RTP/AVP 0 3 4
--unique-boundary-1
Content-Type: application/ISUP; version=nxv3;
base=etsi121
Content-Disposition: signal; handling=optional
01 00 49 00 00 03 02 00 07 04 10 00 33 63 21
43 00 00 03 06 0d 03 80 90 a2 07 03 10 03 63
53 00 10 0a 07 03 10 27 80 88 03 00 00 89 8b
0e 95 1e 1e 1e 06 26 05 0d f5 01 06 10 04 00
--unique-boundary-1
3.3.3

ISUP SIP. :
1. ISUP SIP . SIPT
MGC, ISUP
SIP .
ISUP SIP,
ISUP SIP.
, IAM INVITE, REL BYE ..
2. ISUP SIP :
SIP, ,
- ,
, .

ISUP SIP (, Called Party Number ISUP IAM
To Request-URI ..).
SIP ,
ISUP, SIP,
. MGC ( SIP)
, SIP
ISUP. , , To
Request-URI SIP Called Party Number (
) ISUP.
, ..
SIP,
ISUP, .
7
3.3.4
SIP
.
INFO [RFC 2976].
, (overlap
dialing).
DTMF. DTMF [RFC2833 RTP
Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals].
3.4 SIP
, , ,
: , SDP
ISUP.
( multipart/mixed) / ISUP
MIME (application/ISUP),
415 (Unsupported Media Type), (
- application/SDP). , ,
,
ISUP (.. SDP) .
, ,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
: , ,
, , .
, , SIP ,
ISUP, .
:
ISUP . UA 2 INVITE,
ISUP .
3.6.1 SIP. ISUP

.
UA1
INVITE-->
UA2
(Content-type:multipart/mixed;
Content-type: application/sdp;
Content-disposition: session; handling=required;
Content-type: application/isup;
Content-disposition: signal; handling=optional;)
<--18x
2. ISUP . UA 2 ISUP ,
415 (Unsupported Media Type). UA 1
ISUP , SDP
UA 2.
3.6.2 SIP. ISUP

.
UA1
UA2
INVITE--> (Content-type:multipart/mixed;
Content-disposition: signal; handling=required;)
<--415
(Accept: application/sdp)
ACK-->
INVITE-->
(Content-type: application/sdp)
<--18x
3. ISUP . UA2 ISUP
415 (Unsupported Media Type). UA1
UA 3.
9
3.6.3 SIP. ISUP

.
UA1
UA2
<--415
(Accept: application/sdp)
ACK-->
UA1
UA3
3.5
SIPT ,
.
ISUP
, SIPT
.
, SIPT, ,
,
, ISUP
.
ISUP, SIP, ,
S/MIME [RFC 2976].
Security Considerations
SIP [RFC 3261] 2. S/MIME
, ISUP .
10
, ISUP
, .
3.6 ISUP SIP

3.6.1
SIP IP,
, .
ISUP 7 MTP,
IP [RFC 2960]. ISUP
, .
,
ISUP SIP Media Gateway Controller (MGC),
softswitch call agent. MGC
, ISUP SIP. ,
SIP Media Gateway (MG)
E1/T1 ( ) IP ( IP). MGC MG
.
MGC SIP,
IP ,
SIP.
:
ISUP SIP
ISUP, , SIP.
ISUP, SIP,
SIP, ,
ISUP, , ,
ISUP SIP (,
).
3.6.2 SIP
ISUP SIP
, ,
. SIP UAC/UAS ,
, ,
.
3.6.2.1 ISUP
,
SIP (SIP-), SIP
ISUP .
3.6.2.2 MIME
11
, SIP
- (
SDP), ISUP / .
multipart/mixed,
[RFC 2046].
multipart/mixed Accept.
3.6.2.3 DTMF
SIP ISUP
DTMF. SIP ,
.
, SIP
DTMF, .. DTMF .
. [RFC 2833
RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals].
3.6.2.4
.
,
, .. 2

,
. , INVITE
SDP, ,
, .. SDP UA
,
INVITE. SIP
.
, ,
SDP, INVITE, ,
RTCP, ,
.
. [RFC 3311].
3.6.2.5 ,
SIP,
,
, , .
INFO, 6
SIP . INFO
[RFC 2976] 2 2.2.3.
.
405 (Method Not Allowed)
501 (Not Implemented), INFO,
INFO, .
12
3.6.2.6
ISUP , ,
, .
c ,
.
SIP .
,
,
.
. ,
[RFC 3323] 2.
3.6.2.7 ,
CANCEL
ISUP ,
REL .
SIP CANCEL
. CANCEL ,
REL CANCEL.
, REL ,
, .
, .., ,
REL 16 (Normal clearing).
.
- Reason [RFC3326.] 2 2.2.2.
3.6.3 ISUP SIP

3.6.3.1

, .
100 (Trying), , INVITE,
, .
, (ISUP SIP) MGC;
(, ) MG
MGC. ,
MGC/MG.
( ).
13
3.7 .
1. SIP,
IAM .
2. IAM INVITE SIP.
3. , SIP
18.
4. 18 ACM.
, 180 (Ringing), ACM
called party status ( ) no indication
( ).
5. SIP ,
.
6. , ACM ,
ISUP CPG, 3.2.3.2.
7. SIP , 200
(OK).
8. 200 (OK) ANM.
9. SIP ACK
INVITE.
( ).
14
3.8
.
1. SIP,
IAM
2. IAM INVITE
SIP,
.
3. SIP ,
200 ().
4. 200 () CON ISUP,
.
5. SIP ACK
INVITE.
SIP
15
3.9 SIP.
1. SIP,
IAM .
2. IAM INVITE
SIP,
. ISUP 11 SIP
1.
3. 1 INVITE .
RFC SIP [RFC 3261] , INVITE
7 .
4. 11 ISUP ACM
. ISUP
7. ACM Called Party Status
no indication [ ].
5. INVITE,
ISUP REL
.
6. CANCEL SIP
.
7. REL ISUP RLC
.
16
ISUP T9
3.10 T9 .
1. SIP,
IAM.
2. IAM INVITE
SIP,
. ISUP 11 SIP 1
.
3. 1 INVITE ,
7 . 1 0.5 ,
. 1 500
, , 7 INVITE ,
ISUP T11 + ISUP T9.
4. 11 ISUP ACM
. ISUP
7. ACM Called Party Status (
) no indication ( ).
5. 9 ,
REL.
6. REL RLC
.
7. REL , CANCEL
SIP.
17
SIP
3.11
SIP.
1. SIP,
IAM.
2. IAM INVITE
SIP,
.
3. SIP , 400 (Bad Request)
.
4. SIP ACK ,
INVITE.
5. REL ,
SIP.
6. RLC REL.
SIP
18
3.12 SIP.
1. SIP,
IAM
2. IAM INVITE
SIP,
.
3. 3, SIP , ,
, .
, Contact URL ,
.
4. CPG ,
3. ,
, .. ISUP CPG ,
ACM.
5. SIP ACK ,
INVITE.
6. , Contact
3.
7. SIP
,
18, .
8. 180 (Ringing) SIP
ACM .
9. SIP , 200 ().
10. 200 () ANM
.
11. SIP ACK ,
INVITE.
19
3.13
.
1. SIP,
IAM.
2. IAM INVITE
SIP,
.
3. SIP
INVITE,
180 (Ringing) .
4. 180 (Ringing) ACM
5. (.. ) ,
SIP , REL.
6.
, RLC.
7. REL INVITE
SIP CANCEL.
8. CANCEL SIP 200
().
9. SIP 487 (Call Cancelled)
INVITE.
10. SIP ACK ,
INVITE.
20
3.6.3.2. SIP-T ISUP-SIP
3.14 SIP-T ISUP-SIP.

IAM,
, , DSP
, IP
.
IAM INVITE
IAM, INVITE
SIP. ,
INVITE, IAM.
INVITE , IAM
(URI), ,
SIP.
From INVITE,
ISUP, ,
, Request URI.
tel
URL , Request URI INVITE.
[Telephone
Number Mapping (ENUM)[RFC 2916]]
SIP URI. URI
ISUP, :
21
(),
.
'number translated' FCI ,
. SIP.
tel URL 'npdi=yes', IAM
GAP,
(CPN) ( Location Routing Number - LRN)
ISUP 'rn=',
tel URL. GAP
ISUP
tel URL (.. tel URI).
(, ANSI) (LRN
) CPN
tel URL. LRN
, , , 'rn=' '+'.
. [Number Portability in the
Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): An Overview, RFC 3482].
,
(). [RFC
3398].
, , tel URL,
To Request-URI. IAM
OCN, To OCN,
To Request-URI .
From ISUP Calling
Party's Number (CIN). CIN ,
From, SIP URI, ,
(, sip:gw.protei.ru). CIN ,
tel URI, From.
100 (Trying)
100 (Trying)
; , ,
INVITE.
18
18, ISUP,
, ,
.
18, Progressing
Alerting ( ).
3.4

,
180 (Ringing)
ACM (BCI = subscriber free)
181 (Call is being forwarded)
Early ACM and CPG, event=6
182 (Queued)
ACM (BCI = no indication)
183 (Session progress message)
ACM (BCI = no indication)
22
, 18
ISUP, .
3.5

180 (Ringing)
181 (Call is being forwarded)
182 (Queued)
183 (Session progress message)
,
CPG, event = 1 (Alerting)
CPG, event = 6 (Forwarding)
CPG, event = 2 (Progress)
CPG, event = 2 (Progress)
18
( , ,
).
- ,
INVITE SDP,
18. ,
( ,
, -).
183 (Session progress) ,
-,
, ISUP.
, , (, Event Information ( ) CPG
Optional Backward Call Indicators ( ,
) ).
,
Backward Call Indicators (
, BCI)
. 18
ISUP,
, ,
BCI, ,
. BCI
:
3.6
Message type:
Backward Call Indicators
Charge indicator:
Called party's status indicator:
Called party's category indicator:
End-to-end method indicator:
Interworking indicator:
End-to-end information indicator:
ISDN user part indicator:
Holding indicator:
ISDN access indicator:
Echo control device indicator:
SCCP method indicator:
ACM
10 charge
01 subscriber free or
00 no indication
01 ordinary subscriber
00 no end-to-end method
0 no interworking
0 no end-to-end info
1 ISUP used all the way
0 no holding
0 No ISDN access
It depends on the call
00 no indication
23
BCI Interworking indicator (

) interworking encountered (
), , ISDN ,
, ISDN,
, .
2
3.7

200 (OK)
,
ANM, ACK
, 200 (),
, ANM
ACK SIP.
200 () , ACM,
ANM CON, ISUP
.
200 ()
ANM,
ANM, .
, 200 ()
IVNITE, , , INFO. ,
, 200 (),
INVITE. 200 () INVITE,
.
3
3,
,
. , Contact
. 3 .
Contact 3 URI,
(.. ),
( SIP).
, 3xx,
REL , redirection indicator ( )
diagnostic field ( ) URI.
SIP URI, MGC IAM
INVITE,
Contact.
Contact (
INVITE), CPG
6 (), ISUP.
,
, .
24
4 6
4-5, ,
INVITE .
, REL
SIP. , ,

. , REL ,
RLC .
SIP [Cause Code] ISUP
4 , ,
REL, Cause Indicator (
, CAI),
REL, .
, SIP
ISUP.
SIP, ,
31 (Normal, unspecified). . BYE
CANCEL, ,
16 (Normal clearing).
, , CAI,
, 6 ,
4 5 . .
, ISUP,
SIP, SIP
ISUP. (+)
3.8

400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
402 Payment required
403 Forbidden
404 Not found
405 Method not allowed
406 Not acceptable
407 Proxy authentication required
408 Request timeout
410 Gone
413 Request Entity too long
414 Request-URI too long
415 Unsupported media type
416 Unsupported URI Scheme
420 Bad extension
421 Extension Required
423 Interval Too Brief
480 Temporarily unavailable
REL
41 Temporary Failure
21 Call rejected (*)
21 Call rejected
21 Call rejected
1 Unallocated number
63 Service or option unavailable
79 Service/option not implemented (+)
21 Call rejected (*)
102 Recovery on timer expiry
22 Number changed (w/o diagnostic)
127 Interworking (+)
79 Service/option not implemented (+)
18 No user responding
25
481 Call/Transaction Does not Exist

482 Loop Detected
483 Too many hops
484 Address incomplete
485 Ambiguous
486 Busy here
487 Request Terminated
488 Not Acceptable here
500 Server internal error
501 Not implemented
502 Bad gateway
503 Service unavailable
504 Server time-out
504 Version Not Supported
513 Message Too Large
600 Busy everywhere
603 Decline
604 Does not exist anywhere
606 Not acceptable
41 Temporary Failure
25 Exchange - routing error
25 Exchange - routing error
28 Invalid Number Format (+)
17 User busy
--- (no mapping)
--- by Warning header
41 Temporary failure
79 Not implemented, unspecified
38 Network out of order
41 Temporary failure
102 Recovery on timer expiry
17 User busy
21 Call rejected
--- by Warning header
(*) SIP UAS

SIP, INVITE, .. - .
,
.
21 (Call rejected).
(+) , ,
.
,
.
606 (Not acceptable) 488 (Not Acceptable here)
Warning, ISUP
.
31 (Normal, unspecified). Warning
, - ,
(.. ),
65 (Bearer Capability Not Implemented).
REL
, ,
, .
SIP CANCEL, BYE
, .. SIP.
CANCEL 200 ().
INVITE 487 (Request Terminated).

, 200 () INVITE
( 200 () CANCEL). ,
BYE, .
26
, SIP ,
REL CANCEL ( CANCEL
). , REL CAI 16 (Normal
clearing). CAI 16 (Normal clearing),
.
ISUP T11
ISUP T7
. ISUP T11.
11 ,
7 , .
11,
(early ACM) (.. called party
status ( ) no indication),
7 ISUP,
ISUP .
180 (Ringing),
CPG,
18.
3.6.3.3 SDL-
SIP
SIP
S0
Idle
IAM

ISUP 11
INVITE
S5
100 (Trying)
S1
Trying
3.15 Trying
27
SIP
REL

ISUP 11
S1
Trying

18x
200 OK
RLC
CANCEL

4 - 5
CON
E.ACM

181
S5
ACK
ACK
REL
ACM
200
E.ACM
CPG
S5
RLC
S5
487 (Request
Terminated)
ACK
S3
S2
Progressing
Alerting
S4
Connected
1. Early ACM - ACM.

ISUP.
S0
Idle
2. CPG
6 (Forwarding).
S0
Idle
3. REL ,
.
3.16 Trying
28
S2
SIP
REL
Progressing

18x
RLC
CPG
200 OK

4 - 5
ANM
CANCEL
ACK
ACK
REL
S5
S5
200
RLC
S5
S3
487 (Request
Terminated)
Alerting
S4
Connected
S0
ACK
Idle
1. CPG ,
.
S0
Idle
2. REL ,
.
3.17 Progressing
29
SIP
S3
Alerting
REL
200 OK
RLC
ANM
CANCEL

4 - 5
ACK
ACK
REL
S5
S5
200
RLC
S5
487 (Request
Terminated)
ACK
S4
Connected
S0
Idle
S0
Idle
1. REL ,
.
3.18 Alerting
30
SIP
S4
Connected
BYE
REL
200 OK
RLC
REL
BYE
S5
S5
RLC
200 OK
S0
Idle
S0
Idle
3.19 Connected
:
S0 Idle - -
S1 Trying - - INVITE,
.
S2 Progressing - ,
18.
S3 Alerting - -
, ,
200 .
S4 Connected -
.
S5 - .
3.6.3.4 SIP

. Maxim ,
ISUP SIP
(NGW 1).

-, .. -
.
SIP
31
3.20 SIP.
Maxim Network Gateway NGW 1

Proxy 1 Anton. , Anton
,
SIP. , Maxim
, REL NGW1, BYE
SIP.

F1 IAM -> NGW 1

IAM
CgPN=095-386-4515,NPI=E.164,NOA=National
CdPN=812-262-5326,NPI=E.164,NOA=National
F2 INVITE Maxim -> Proxy 1
INVITE sip:+78122625326@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ngw1.a.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bKlueha2
Max-Forwards: 70
From: <sip:+70953864515@ngw1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>;tag=7643kals
32
To: <sip:+78122625326@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>
Call-ID: 4Fde34wkd11wsGFDs3@ngw1.a.loniis.ru
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:ngw1@a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 146
v=0
o=GW 2890844527 2890844527 IN IP4 ngw1.a.loniis.ru
s=c=IN IP4 ngw1.a.loniis.ru
t=0 0
Proxy 1
Anton.
Anton. NGW1
3456 Maxim.
F3 INVITE Proxy 1 -> Anton
INVITE sip:anton@client.b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ss1.a.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK2d4790.1
;received=192.0.2.103
Max-Forwards: 69
Record-Route: <sip:ss1.a.loniis.ru;lr>
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
F4 100 (Trying) Anton -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.111
33
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F5 180 (Ringing) Anton -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.103
To: <sip:+78122625326@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:anton@client.b.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 0
F6 180 (Ringing) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F7 ACM NGW 1 ->

ACM
F8 200 (OK) Anton -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.103
34
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 151
v=0
o=Anton 2890844527 2890844527 IN IP4 client.b.loniis.ru
s=c=IN IP4 client.b.loniis.ru
t=0 0
F9 200 (OK) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 151
v=0
t=0 0
F10 ACK NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
ACK sip:anton@client.b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sip:ss1.a.loniis.ru;lr>
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
35
F11 ACK Proxy 1 -> Anton

;received=192.0.2.103
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F12 ANM Anton -> NGW 1
ANM
Maxim Anton RTP ( GW)
Maxim .
F13 REL Maxim -> NGW 1
REL CauseCode=16 Normal
F14 RLC NGW 1 -> Maxim
RLC
F15 BYE NGW 1-> Proxy 1
BYE sip:anton@client.b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F16 BYE Proxy 1 -> Anton
;received=192.0.2.103
36
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F18 200 (OK) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
SIP,

37
3.21 SIP.
.
. ,
Anton . ..
Anton 200 (),
180 (Ringing). ANM,
ACM. , ISUP ETSI
ISUP ANM CON.

F1 IAM (Maxim) -> NGW 1
IAM
F2 INVITE NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP ngw1.a.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bKlueha2
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:ngw1@a.loniis.ru;transport=tcp>
38
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
Proxy 1
Anton.
. NGW1 3456
Maxim.
INVITE anton@b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP ss1.a.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK2d4790.1
;received=192.0.2.103
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
F4 100 (Trying) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.201
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
39

SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:anton@client.b.loniis.ru;transport=tcp>
Content-Length: 151
v=0
t=0 0
F6 200 (OK) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 151
v=0
t=0 0
ACK anton@client.b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
40
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
ACK anton@client.b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
;received=130.131.132.14
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F9 ANM NGW1 -> Maxim
ANM.
RTP ( GW).
Maxim Anton
Maxim .
REL CauseCode=16 Normal.
RLC.
F12 BYE NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
41

;received=192.0.2.103
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F15 200 (OK) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
,
SIP
42
3.22
SIP.
Maxim Anton , GW1

Proxy 1. (GW) ,
, .
GW
, .
,
, .
SIP URI
sip:551313@gw1.a.loniis.ru.

-> GW 1

GW 1 -> PBX (Maxim)

-> GW 1
F2 INVITE GW 1 -> Proxy 1
43
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP gw1.a.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bKwqwee65

Max-Forwards: 70
From: <sip:551313@gw1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>;tag=jwdkallkzm
Call-ID: 4Fde34wkd11wsGFDs3@gw1.a.loniis.ru
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:551313@gw1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>
Content-Length: 146
v=0
s=c=IN IP4 gw1.a.loniis.ru
t=0 0
INVITE sip:anton@client.b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
;received=192.0.2.201
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:551313@gw1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>
Content-Length: 146
v=0
o=GW 2890844527 2890844527 IN IP4 gw1.a.loniis.ru
t=0 0
F4 100 (Trying) Proxy 1 -> GW 1
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.201
44
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.201
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F6 180 (Ringing) Proxy 1 -> GW 1
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.201
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.201
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 151
v=0
45

t=0 0
F8 200 (OK) Proxy 1 -> GW 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.201
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 151
v=0
t=0 0
F9 ACK GW 1 -> Proxy 1
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
;received=192.0.2.201
Max-Forwards: 69
46
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F11 BYE GW 1 -> Proxy 1
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
;received=192.0.2.201
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.201
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F14 200 (OK) Proxy 1 -> GW 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.201
47
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
SIP. .
3.23
SIP. .
Maxim Anton GW1 Proxy1.

-
,
REL Maxim .

F1 IAM -> GW 1
IAM
Max-Forwards: 70
From: <sip:+70953864515@gw1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>;tag=076342s
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact:
<sip:+70953864515@gw1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone;transport=tcp>
Content-Length: 144
48
v=0
t=0 0
Proxy 1
+7-812-100-2516.
, Proxy 1
.
F3 604 (Does Not Exist Anywhere) Proxy 1 -> GW 1
SIP/2.0 604 Does Not Exist Anywhere
;received=192.0.2.201
To: <sip:+78121002516@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>;tag=6a34d410
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Error-Info: <sip:does-not-exist@ann.a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 0
F4 ACK GW 1 -> Proxy 1
ACK sip:+78121002516@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sip:+78121002516@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>;tag=6a34d410
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F5 REL GW 1 -> Maxim
REL CauseCode=1
F6 RLC Maxim -> GW 1
RLC
SIP. .
49
3.24
SIP. .
Maxim Anton NGW1

Proxy1. - Anton .
Anton , 600 (Busy Everywhere).
REL,
.
IAM (F1) Interworking,
(, ).
, ,
. [RFC 3398].

F1 IAM -> NGW 1
IAM
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 144
v=0
50

t=0 0
F3 INVITE F3 Proxy 1 -> Anton
;received=192.0.2.201
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 144
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.201
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F5 600 (Busy Everywhere) Anton -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 600 Busy Everywhere
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.201
51
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
ACK anton@b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F7 600 (Busy Everywhere) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
;received=192.0.2.201
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F9 REL NGW 1 -> Maxim
REL CauseCode=17 Busy
F10 RLC Maxim -> NGW 1
RLC
. . IAM
interworking.
52
3.25
SIP. . IAM interworking.
Maxim Anton Network Gateway NGW1

Proxy 1. - Anton .
, . NGW 1
Maxim .
.
, .. IAM (F1)
interworking. REL
, .. interworking
.

F1 IAM -> NGW 1
IAM
Interworking=encountered
F2 INVITE NGW1 -> Proxy 1
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 INVITE
53
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
;received=192.0.2.103
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F5 600 (Busy Everywhere) Anton -> Proxy 1
54
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F7 600 (Busy Everywhere) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
ACK sip:ngw1@a.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F9 ACM NGW 1 -> Maxim
ACM
NGW1 Maxim.
, Maxim .
REL CauseCode=16
55

RLC
. .
3.26 .
.
Maxim Anton NGW1 Proxy 1.

INVITE , Anton
T1. Anton .
, ,
REL. CANCEL.

F1 IAM -> NGW 1
IAM
56
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
INVITE sip:anton@b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
;received=192.0.2.103
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
c c=IN IP4 ngw1.a.loniis.ru
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
57

F3
F6 INVITE Proxy 1 ->Anton
F3
F3
F3
F3

RLC
F12 CANCEL NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
CANCEL sip:+78122625326@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
Content-Length: 0
F13 200 (OK) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
58
Content-Length: 0
. . -
.
3.27 .
. - .
Maxim Anton NGW1

Proxy1. - ,
100 (Trying). NGW1 INVITE,
SIP T1. Anton .
REL
(CauseCode=102 Timeout).

F1 IAM -> NGW 1
IAM
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 INVITE
59
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
;received=192.0.2.201
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
F2
F3
F2
60
F3
F2
F3
F2
F3
F2
F3

REL CauseCode=102 Timeout
RLC
.
.
61
3.28 .
.
Maxim Anton
NGW1 Proxy1. , . NGW1
Maxim
, .. IAM interworking.
Maxim , , REL,
CANCEL. Anton
200 () , REL, NGW1
ACK, BYE
.

F1 IAM -> NGW 1

IAM
62
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
;received=192.0.2.103
Max-Forwards: 69
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
63
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.201
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F6 180 (Ringing) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F7 ACM NGW 1 -> Maxim
ACM
Maxim
RLC
64
F10 CANCEL NGW 1 -> Proxy 1

Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
Content-Length: 0
F11 200 (OK) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
Content-Length: 0
F12 CANCEL Proxy 1 -> Anton
CANCEL sip:anton@b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
Content-Length: 0
F14 487 (Request Terminated) Anton -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 487 Request Terminated
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.103
65
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
ACK sip:anton@b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F16 487 (Request Terminated) Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
;received=192.0.2.103
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
Max-Forwards: 70
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
66
3.6.4 SIP ISUP

3.2.4.1

SIP. INVITE
100 (Trying),
SIP.
, , (SIP ISUP)
MGC; (,
, ..) MG MGC.
, MGC/MG.
( )
3.29 SIP .
1. SIP , SIP
INVITE.
2. , SIP,
IAM , .
3. ,
,
ACM.
4. called party status ( ) ACM
SIP
. SDP
( ). SDP
, 8 .
5. ISUP ,
CGP , .
67
6. CGP ,
.
7. ( )
ANM.
8. , ANM, 200 ()
SIP.
9. SIP ACK
.
( )
3.30 SIP .
.
ISUP ANSI
1. SIP
INVITE.
2. INVITE IAM,
.
3. -,
CON IAM.
4. CON 200
SIP.
5. SIP ,
, ACK.
7
68
3.31 7 .
1. SIP ,
INVITE.
2. INVITE IAM,
. 7.
3. , ACM CON
REL.
4. SIP 504 (Version Not Supported)
.
5. , SIP ACK.
SIP
69
3.32 1 SIP.
1. SIP ,
INVITE.
2. INVITE IAM,
.
3. ,
CON, IAM. ISUP ANSI CON
ANM ( ACM).
4. CON SIP 200 (OK)
1.
5. , .
6. ,
REL 102 (recover on timer expiry).
7. SIP BYE
.
, SIP.
8. REL RLC.
70
3.33 SIP .
1. SIP
INVITE.
2. INVITE IAM,
.
3. ,
REL.
4.
RLC .
5. SIP ,
REL.
6. SIP
ACK.

71
3.34 . .
1. SIP
INVITE.
2. INVITE IAM,
.
3. (,
), ACM
. .
4. ( CAI)
SIP 183 (Session progress),
SDP
.
5. INVITE
SIP
.
6. REL
. SIP
, ( CANCEL),
.
7. REL RLC.
8. SIP ,
.
SIP
3.35 . .
1. SIP
INVITE.
72
2. INVITE IAM,
.
3. ,
,
ACM.
4. called party status ( ) ACM
SIP
. SDP
.
5. ,
, SIP CANCEL.
6. 200 ().
7. CANCEL REL.
8. 487 (Request Terminated) SIP,
INVITE.
9. REL RLC.
10. SIP 487 (Call Cancelled) ACK.
3.6.4.2 SIP-T SIP-ISUP
3.36 SIP-T SIP-ISUP.
73
INVITE
INVITE SIP
100 (Trying), , .

, IAM .
- 1/1 RTP/UDP
SIP.
.
, IAM 7.
INVITE IAM
IAM : Called
Party Number (CPN), Nature of Connection Indicator (NCI), Forward Call Indicators (FCI),
Calling Party's Category (CPC), ,
- ISUP
Transmission Medium Requirement (TMR), User Service
Information (USI) . IAM
.
,
INVITE . (
NCI USI) ,
. , CPN, ,
INVITE.
IAM .
SIP ISUP ,
. , SIP
, ISUP
. ,
-SIP- SIP,
.
: Calling Party's Number (CIN, ), Transit Network
Selection (TNS), Carrier Identification Parameter (CIP, ANSI), Original Called
Number (OCN), Generic Digits ( Generic Address Parameter
(GAP)).
INVITE,
IAM ISUP, . ,
IAM
.
, ISUP
.
, IAM
, SIP
, . ,
ISUP-SIP-ISUP SIP
.
SIP, ,
.
74
, INVITE
IAM CPN, +78125332699, RequestURI INVITE tel:+70955550110.
IAM ,
Request-URI, , CPN IAM.
SIP ISUP .

ISUP ,
( SIP) (
NCI TMR), ISUP . FCI
, M
, ,
.
INVITE
IAM Request-URI.
,
npdi rn Request-URI.
. [Number Portability in the Global Switched
Telephone Network (GSTN): An Overview, RFC 3482].
Request-URI npdi=yes,
tel URL ( tel:)
ISUP CPN.
npdi=yes , number translated FCI,
IAM, ,
.
npdi=yes rn,
tel URL ( tel:)
ISUP CPN. ,
, .
npdi=yes rn,
rn ISUP
CPN. tel URL
ISUP Generic Digits Parameter ( GAP ANSI
ISUP). ISUP , rn
( ,
) CPN.

,
.
,
tel URL ISUP
CPN.
Request-URI To
, o OCN.
o .
SIP-T
().
[RFC 3398].
75
SIP , Request-URI
tel URL ( SIP URI tel URL).
, Request-URI
, ,
.
, From
. , SIP,
user@host.
IAM CIN .
SIP URI
.

ISUP, IAM
FCI ,
ISUP.
no interworking. , ,
ISUP, IAM
Interworking Indicator FCI 'no interworking', ISDN User Part
Indicator ISUP used all the way;
Originating Access Indicator Originating access non-ISDN.
FCI 'interworking encountered',
, ISUP ,
, ISUP. ISUP
, ,
[cause code] .
, ,
, FCI
, .
ISUP 7
, MG
. SIP 504 (Server Timeout).
REL 102 ( ,
). RLC
SIP ACK, .
CANCEL BYE
CANCEL BYE ,
, SIP 200 ()
CANCEL BYE;
487 (Request Terminated) INVITE.
, REL 16
(normal clearing). RLC ,
.
, SIP , REL
BYE. BYE
16 (normal clearing), REL
76
. Cause Indicator
REL, .
CANCEL BYE Reason,
Cause Indicator. BYE
Reason, ISUP, Reason
.
REL
REL
,
REL , . ,
.
,
RLC.
INVITE, ,
ISUP,
ISUP INVITE. ,
REL SIP.
ISUP,
ISUP INVITE.
- ISUP
IAM Blocking Message (BLO), Reset Message (RSC)
.
ISDN SIP
REL 7
, . SIP
, , REL
BYE, CANCEL, . ISUP REL
(BYE SIP),
, (CANCEL SIP),
, (
SIP).
ISUP SIP, ..
ISUP .
44 (Request circuit or channel not available). , CIC,
IAM, .
IAM CIC, . ,
, SIP, ..
.
, ISUP 44 (Request circuit or channel
not available) SIP .
,
500 (Server internal error).
ISDN CAI,
location, , .
location SIP;
77
. ISDN
, ,
.
:
3.9
ISUP
SIP
1 unallocated number
404 Not Found
2 no route to network
404 Not found
3 no route to destination
404 Not found
16 normal call clearing
--- (*)
17 user busy
486 Busy here
18 no user responding
408 Request Timeout
19 no answer from the user
20 subscriber absent
21 call rejected
403 Forbidden (+)
22 number changed (w/o diagnostic)
410 Gone
22 number changed (w/ diagnostic)
301 Moved Permanently
23 redirection to new destination
410 Gone
26 non-selected user clearing
404 Not Found (=)
27 destination out of order
502 Bad Gateway
28 address incomplete
484 Address incomplete
29 facility rejected
501 Not implemented
31 normal unspecified
(*) ISUP 16 (normal call clearing)
BYE CANCEL
(+) location user,
4 6 ( 403 603)
(=) ANSI ANSI 26
misrouted ported number. ,
. 26
ISUP.
REL ISUP 22 (number changed)
diagnostics.
,
Contact SIP (301).

,
. SIP
Retry-After.
3.10
ISUP
34 no circuit available
38 network out of order
41 temporary failure
42 switching equipment congestion
SIP
78
47 resource unavailable
.
,
, - .
3.11
ISUP
SIP
55 incoming calls barred within CUG
403 Forbidden
57 bearer capability not authorized
403 Forbidden
58 bearer capability not presently
available

3.12
ISUP
65 bearer capability not implemented
70 only restricted digital avail
79 service or option not implemented
SIP
488 Not Acceptable Here
488 Not Acceptable Here
501 Not implemented

3.13
ISUP
87 user not member of CUG
88 incompatible destination
SIP
403 Forbidden

3.14
ISUP
102 recovery of timer expiry
111 protocol error
SIP
504 Gateway timeout

3.15
ISUP
127 interworking unspecified
SIP
ACM
, ,
ISUP,
Alerting. , , ,

. ,
Alerting , 7 9.
,
Called Party's Status Indicator 00 (no indication).
79
, , ISUP
CPG, .
, 183
(Session Progress) SIP. , SIP
.
183 (Session Progress) ,
() SIP (SIP
bridging), , , .

( 18) SIP. INVITE,
,
ISUP, ,
, SIP.
Backward Call Indicators subscriber
free, 180 (Ringing).
, (SIP
user agent) . .
Backward Call Indicators (BCI) ,
(
,
),
( ). , ,
.
, ACM
Optional Backward Call Indicators ,
. ,
, 183 (Session Progress)
SIP.
ISUP
9, 90 3
. ,
, ,

(, ) ISUP
.
. ,
9, ANM,
.
ISUP
ANM. 9.
CON ANM
CON ANM ,
SIP 200 ().
, SIP ( INVITE
)
80
CON ANM 200 (),

SIP. ,
.
,
ISUP, ANM
( CPG ),
( ). SIP
18 ( .)
, .
(
, SDP).
9
. ,
ANM (
). ,
, .
,
(, ) .
,
. ,
. SIP 480
(Temporarily Unavailable), - REL 19 (no answer
from the user). RLC ACK SIP
.
CPG
CPG , :
;
;
.
CPG , ,
.
SIP, CPG
18, SIP
CPG :
3.16
ISUP
1 Alerting
2 Progress
3 In-band information
4 Call forward; line busy
5 Call forward; no reply
6 Call forward; unconditional

SIP response
180 Ringing
183 Session progress
181 Call is being forwarded
81
CPG , ,
.

. ISUP .
3.6.4.3 SDL-
SIP
SIP
S0
Idle
INVITE
100 (Trying)
IAM

ISUP T7
S1
Trying
3.37 Trying
82
S1
SIP
REL

ISUP 7
E.ACM
RLC
507 (Server
Timeout)
REL
487 (Request
Terminated)
ACM
183 (Session
Progress)

18

ISUP 7

ISUP 9
CON
ANM
CANCEL
200 OK
200 OK
487 (Request
Terminated)
REL
S6
S6
Trying

ISUP 9
S6
ACK
ACK
S6
ACK
S4
S0
Idle
S2
Progressing
S3
Alerting
S6
RLC
RLC
1. REL
102 (Recovery Of Timer Expiry).
2. Early ACM - ACM.
ISUP.
S0
Idle
S0
Idle
3. REL
16 (Normal Clearing)
3.38 Trying
83
S2
SIP
Progressing
CPG

ISUP T9
CANCEL

18
480 (Temporarily
Unavailable)
REL
200 OK
487 (Request
Terminated)
REL
S6
S6
ACK
ACK
S6
S6
S3
Alerting
RLC
S0
Idle
1. REL
19 (No Answer
From The User).
2. REL
16 (Normal Clearing).
RLC
S0
Idle
3.39 Progressing
84
SIP
RLC
480 (Temporarily
Unavailable)
1
Alerting
REL

ISUP T9
REL
S3
CPG
ANM
CANCEL
200 OK
180 (Ringing)
200 OK
487 (Request
Terminated)
487 (Request
Terminated)
REL
S6
S6
S6
ACK
ACK
ACK
S6
S4
S3
S0
Idle
Alerting
S6
RLC
RLC
1. REL
19 (No Answer From The User).
2. REL
16 (Normal Clearing).
S0
Idle
S0
Idle
3.40 Alerting
S4
SIP
ACK
REL
RLC
487 (Request
Terminated)
S6
S5
ACK
Connected
S0
Idle
3.41 ACK
85
SIP
S5
Connected
BYE
REL
200 OK
RLC
REL
BYE
S6
S6
RLC
200 OK
S0
S0
Idle
Idle
3.42 Connected
:
S0 Idle - -
S1 Trying - - INVITE,
.
S2 Progressing - ,
18.
S3 Alerting - -
, ,
200 .
S4 ACK -
, .
S5 Connected -
.
S6 - .
3.6.4.4 SIP
Maxim (sip:max@loniis.ru) SIP
SIP. Anton
+78122625326.
Maxim Proxy1, Network Gateway.
Maxim Aleksey,
2 : 444 3333 [private extension]
+7-812-100-2516. , Maxim From INVITE
86
+7-812-262-5326. ,
calling party number ISUP.
.
. ,
(
, . ).
, ,
. 183
(Session Progress), SDP.
,
.
ISUP SIP.
,
SIP UAC.
SIP
3.43 . SIP .
Maxim +78122625326
E.164 , Anton. 7
87
( ). , SIP
UA SIP
URI. SIP URI tel URI.
Maxim From SIP (sip:max@loniis.ru)
SIP (sip:+70953864515@ss1.loniis.ru;user=phone).
, NGW1
(calling party identification).
.
Anton ,
Maxim .
F7 F11, ,
Contact sip:ngw1@a.loniis.ru. , NGW1
, Proxy1
. Contact
, URI Contact NGW1
Proxy1. URI DNS Proxy1 (sip:ss1.a.loniis.ru),
sip:ngw1.a.loniis.ru, NGW1.
TCP.
:
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP client.a.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bf9
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Max <sip:+70953864515@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>
;tag=9fxced76sl
To: Anton <sip:+78122625326@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>
Call-ID: 2xTb9vxSit55XU7p8@a.loniis.ru
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:max@client.a.loniis.ru;transport=tcp>
Proxy-Authorization: Digest username="Max", realm="a.loniis.ru",
nonce="dc3a5ab25302aa931904ba7d88fa1cf5", opaque="",
uri="sip:+78122625326@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone",
response="ccdca50cb091d587421457305d097458c"
Content-Length: 154
v=0
o=Max 2890844526 2890844526 IN IP4 client.a.loniis.ru
s=c=IN IP4 client.a.loniis.ru
t=0 0
F2 100 (Trying) Proxy 1 -> Maxim

88
SIP/2.0 100 Trying

;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
Proxy 1
. NGW1.
, Maxim
49172 .
F3 INVITE Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
INVITE sip:+78122625326@ngw1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone SIP/2.0
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
F4 100 (Trying) NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.111
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
89
F5 IAM NGW 1 ->

IAM
F6 ACM -> NGW 1
ACM
F7 183 Session Progress NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
NGW 1 () RTP Maxim
F8 183 (Session Progress) Proxy 1 -> Maxim
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
90
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
F9 ANM -> NGW 1
ANM
F10 200 (OK) NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
F11 200 (OK) Proxy 1 -> Maxim
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
91
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
F12 ACK Maxim -> Proxy 1
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F13 ACK Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
Maxim , Anton.
F14 BYE Maxim -> Proxy 1
BYE sip:ngw1@a.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
92
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F15 BYE Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F16 200 (OK) NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
93
F18 REL NGW 1 ->

F19 RLC -> NGW 1
RLC
SIP .
3.44 . SIP
, .
Maxim SIP, Alexey .

DSS.
ISDN. Maxim (+7-812-387-5333),
SIP URI.
94
, Request-URI INVITE F3,

,
(, ) 444-3333. ,
INVITE F3 .
Proxy 1 ,
. Alexey 444-3333,
Request-URI , .
, Contact GW 1,
F8, F9, F12, F13 - sips:4443333@gw1.a.loniis.ru,
.
SIPS URI.

INVITE sips:+78123875333@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS client.a.loniis.ru:5061;branch=z9hG4bK74bf9
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Max <sips:+70953864515@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>
;tag=9fxced76sl
To: Carol <sips:+78123875333@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sips:max@client.a.loniis.ru>
Proxy-Authorization: Digest username="Max",
realm="a.loniis.ru", nonce="qo0dc3a5ab22aa931904badfa1cf5j9h",
opaque="", uri="sips:+78123875333@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone",
response="6c792f5c9fa360358b93c7fb826bf550"
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
95
F3 INVITE Proxy 1 -> GW 1

INVITE sips:4443333@gw1.a.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS ss1.a.loniis.ru:5061;branch=z9hG4bK2d4790.1
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
Record-Route: <sips:ss1.a.loniis.ru;lr>
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sips:max@client.a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
F4 100 (Trying) GW -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.111
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F5 SETUP GW 1 ->
Protocol discriminator=Q.931
Message type=SETUP
Bearer capability: Information transfer capability=0 (Speech) or 16
(3.1 kHz audio)
Channel identification=Preferred or exclusive B-channel
Progress indicator=1 (Call is not end-to-end ISDN;further call
progress information may be available inband)
Called party number:
Type of number unknown
Digits=444-3333
96
F6 CALL PROCeeding -> GW 1

Message type=CALL PROC
Channel identification=Exclusive B-channel
F7 PROGress -> GW 1
Message type=PROG
Progress indicator=1
F8 180 (Ringing) GW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sips:4443333@gw1.a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 0
F9 180 (Ringing) Proxy 1 -> Maxim
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F10 CONNect -> GW 1
Message type=CONN
97
F11 CONNect ACK GW 1 ->

Message type=CONN ACK
F12 200 (OK) GW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 144
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 144
v=0
98
t=0 0
ACK sips:4443333@gw1.a.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sips:ss1.a.loniis.ru;lr>
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F15 ACK Proxy 1 -> GW 1
ACK sips:4443333@gw1.a.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 0
Maxim , Alexey.
BYE sips:4443333@gw1.a.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sips:ss1.a.loniis.ru;lr>
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 3 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F17 BYE Proxy 1 -> GW 1
99
BYE sips:4443333@gw1.a.loniis.ru SIP/2.0

;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 3 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F18 200 (OK) GW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 3 BYE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 3 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F20 DISConnect GW 1 ->
Message type=DISC
Cause=16 (Normal clearing)
F21 RELease -> GW 1
Message type=REL
100
F22 RELease COMplete GW 1 ->

Message type=REL COM
SIP
3.45 . SIP
.
Maxim Anton Proxy 1. Proxy 1

Network Gateway NGW 1.
( ) ,
503 (Service Unavailable). Proxy 1
Network Gateway NGW 2. Anton .
, Maxim .
UDP.
101

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP client.a.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bf9
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: <sip:max@client.a.loniis.ru>
realm="a.loniis.ru", nonce="b59311c3ba05b401cf80b2a2c5ac51b0",
opaque="", uri="sip:+78122625326@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone",
response="ba6ab44923fa2614b28e3e3957789ab0"
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
Proxy 1
Anton. Proxy 1
NGW 1 NGW 2. NGW 1
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 154
v=0
102
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F4 503 (Service Unavailable) NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 503 Service Unavailable
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=123456789
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
To: Anton <sip:+78122625326@ss1.a.loniis.ru>;user=phone>
;tag=123456789
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
Proxy 1 NGW 2
103

;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
F7 IAM NGW 2 ->

IAM
F8 ACM -> NGW 2
ACM
F9 183 (Session Progress) NGW 2 -> Proxy 1
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
104
v=0
t=0 0
Maxim RTP ().
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
F11 ANM -> NGW 2
ANM
F12 200 (OK) NGW 2 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
105
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <ss1.a.loniis.ru;lr>
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
106

;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
Maxim Anton RTP ( GW).
Maxim , Anton.
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <ss1.a.loniis.ru;lr>
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F17 BYE Proxy 1 -> NGW 2
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F18 200 (OK) NGW 2 -> Proxy 1

SIP/2.0 200 OK
107
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F20 REL NGW 2 ->
REL c CauseCode=16 Normal
F21 RLC -> NGW 2
RLC
SIP ENUM Query
108
3.46 . SIP
ENUM Query.
Maxim Anton,
(9722625326). UA Maxim
E.164 (+78122625326), ENUM
.164 (2.2.2.2.5.5.5.2.7.9.1.e164.arpa).
Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS UA Maxim
Anton (sip:+78122625326@b.loniis.ru).
, Anton
SIP. , UA Maxim
INVITE SIP, .
, Anton BYE.
.
F1 ENUM Query Maxim -> DNS Server
2.2.2.2.5.5.5.2.7.9.1.e164.arpa
F2 ENUM NAPTR Set DNS Server -> Maxim
$ORIGIN 2.2.2.2.5.5.5.2.7.9.1.e164.arpa.
IN NAPTR 100 10 "u" "sip+E2U"
"!^.*$!sip:+78122625326@b.loniis.ru!".
109
INVITE sip:+78122625326@b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0

Max-Forwards: 70
From: <sip:+70953864515@a.loniis.ru>;tag=9fxced76sl
To: <tel:+78122625326>
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sip:+70953864515@client.a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
INVITE sip:+78122625326@client.b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ss3.b.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK721e418c4.1
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
Record-Route: <sip:ss3.b.loniis.ru;lr>
To: <tel:+78122625326>
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sip:+70953864515@client.a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 154
v=0
o=UserA 2890844526 2890844526 IN IP4 client.a.loniis.ru
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.101
To: <tel:+78122625326>
110
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.233
;received=192.0.2.101
To: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sip:+78122625326@client.b.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 0
F7 180 (Ringing) Proxy 3 -> Maxim
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
;received=192.0.2.101
To: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.233
;received=192.0.2.101
To: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sip:+78122625326@client.b.loniis.ru;transport=tcp>
Content-Length: 151
v=0
t=0 0
111

F9 200 (OK) Proxy -> Maxim
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.101
To: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Content-Length: 151
v=0
s=c=IN IP4 192.0.2.100
t=0 0
ACK sip:+78122625326@client.b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP client.a.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bq9
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sip:ss3.b.loniis.ru;lr>
To: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 0
ACK sip:+78122625326@client.b.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP client.a.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bq9
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
To: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
CSeq: 2 ACK
Content-Length: 0
112
Maxim Anton RTP . Anton

, Maxim.
F12 BYE Anton -> Proxy 3
BYE sip:+70953864515@client.a.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP client.b.loniis.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bKfgaw2
Max-Forwards: 70
Route: <sip:ss3.b.loniis.ru;lr>
From: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
To: <sip:+70953864515@a.loniis.ru>;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F13 BYE Proxy 3 -> Maxim
BYE sip:+70953864515@client.a.loniis.ru SIP/2.0
;received=192.0.2.100
Max-Forwards: 69
From: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F14 200 (OK) Maxim -> Proxy 3
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.233
;received=192.0.2.100
From: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
F15 200 (OK) Proxy 3 -> Anton
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.100
From: <tel:+78122625326>;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 BYE
Content-Length: 0
113
SIP :

3.47 . SIP .
.
Maxim Anton Proxy 1 Network Gateway NGW

, Maxim
( ). Maxim,
, , CANCEL
. CANCEL, BYE, ..
INVITE.

Max-Forwards: 70
114

;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
realm="a.loniis.ru", nonce="01cf8311c3b0b2a2c5ac51bb59a05b40",
response="e178fbe430e6680a1690261af8831f40"
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
Proxy 1
Anton. NGW
1. Maxim 49172 .
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
115
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F5 IAM NGW 1 ->
IAM
F6 ACM -> NGW 1
ACM
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
116
v=0
t=0 0
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
, .
F9 CANCEL Maxim -> Proxy 1
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
117

;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
Content-Length: 0
F11 CANCEL Proxy 1 -> NGW 1
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
Content-Length: 0
F12 200 (OK) NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 200 OK
;received=192.0.2.111
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 CANCEL
Content-Length: 0
F13 REL NGW 1 ->
REL CauseCode=18 No user responding
F14 RLC -> NGW 1
RLC
F15 487 (Request Terminated) NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
118
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F17 487 (Request Terminated) Proxy 1 -> Maxim
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
119
SIP : ,
REL
3.48 . SIP .
, REL .
Maxim Anton Proxy 1 NGW 1.

, REL .
SIP 404 (Not Found),
Maxim.
.
INVITE sip:+44-1234@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
To: Anton <sip:+44-1234@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>
CSeq: 1 INVITE
realm="a.loniis.ru", nonce="j1c3b0b01cf832da2c5ac51bb59a05b40",
opaque="", uri="sip:+44-1234@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone",
response="a451358d46b55512863efe1dccaa2f42"
Content-Length: 154
v=0
120

t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
Proxy 1 ,
Anton. NGW 1.
Maxim 49172.
INVITE sip:+44-1234@ngw1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone SIP/2.0
;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
121

;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F5 IAM NGW 1 ->
IAM
CdPN=44-1234,NPI=E.164,NOA=International
F6 REL -> NGW 1
REL CauseValue=1 Unallocated number
F7 RLC NGW 1 ->
RLC
CauseValue=1 SIP 404 (Not Found)
F8 404 (Not Found) NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 404 Not Found
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
To: Anton <sip:+44-1234@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone>;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Error-Info: <sip:not-found-ann@ann.a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 0
ACK sip:+44-1234@ngw1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
122
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F10 404 (Not Found) Proxy 1 -> Maxim
SIP/2.0 404 Not Found
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Error-Info: <sip:not-found-ann@ann.a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 0
ACK sip:+44-1234@ss1.a.loniis.ru;user=phone SIP/2.0
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
SIP :
ANM
3.49 . SIP .
ANM.
123
Maxim Anton Proxy 1 NGW 1.

,
ANM (..
).
REL 480 (Temporarily Unavailable)
Maxim SIP.
:
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
realm="a.loniis.ru", nonce="da2c5ac51bb59a05j1c3b0b01cf832b40",
response="579cb9db184cdc25bf816f37cbc03c7d"
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
Proxy 1
Anton.
NGW 1. Maxim
49172 .
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
124

;received=192.0.2.101
Max-Forwards: 69
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 154
v=0
t=0 0
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F5 IAM NGW 1 ->
IAM
F6 ACM -> NGW 1
ACM
125

;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 146
v=0
t=0 0
, , REL
480 (Temporarily Unavailable) SIP.
126
F9 REL NGW 1 ->

REL CauseCode=18 No user responding
F10 RLC -> NGW 1
RLC
F11 480 (Temporarily Unavailable) NGW 1 -> Proxy 1
SIP/2.0 480 Temporarily Unavailable
;received=192.0.2.111
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Error-Info: <sip:temp-unavail-ann@ann.a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 0
Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F13 480 (Temporarily Unavailable) Proxy 1 -> Maxim
SIP/2.0 480 Temporarily Unavailable
;received=192.0.2.101
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Error-Info: <sip:temp-unavail-ann@ann.a.loniis.ru>
Content-Length: 0
127

Max-Forwards: 70
;tag=9fxced76sl
;tag=314159
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
3.6.7 URI
- SIP
, .
Request-URI. To From .
SIP , -
, URI.
SIP SIP URI
. ISUP
SIP URI.
, SIP,
tel URL. tel URL
URI, .. tel URL
URI,
SIP URI. , To :
To: tel:+78123875605
:
To: sip:+78123875605@protei.ru
+ tel URL ,
E.164. ,
. + ,
,
. + ,
URI, SIP URI
- ;user=phone, :
To: sip:83000@sip.loniis.net;user=phone
SIPT
E.164, ,
. ,
SIP,
. ,
/ , ,
, .
128
, SIP
, .
, ,
, .
ISUP
, , , Called Party Number (CPN) Calling Party's Number
(CIN); ,
.
[RFC 3398 ISUP to SIP Mapping] CPN ISUP format,
CIN - ISUP calling format. ,
[Nature of Address (NoA) indicator],
,
[Numbering Plan Indicator (NPI)].
, [Binary Coded
Decimal (BCD)]. , NPI
, Presentation Indicator,
, Screening Indicator, ,
.
3.50 ISUP format ISUP calling format.
NPI 'ISDN (Telephony) numbering plan

(Recommendation E.164)', , , ,
; NoA
. ,
, NoA ,

,
. NPI , 'ISDN numbering plan', tel
URI ,
.
3.6.7.1 ISUP tel URL
, ISUP tel URL
. , , NPI ,
.164, NoA.
, ,
tel:+.
NoA , ,
129
tel URL,
.
,
(, Generic Name Parameter
ANSI), , Presentation Indicator presentation
restricted, From.
ISUP calling format,
: presentation indicators screening indicators.
presentation indicators 'presentation restricted',
URI, ,
. URI SIP URI,
Anonymous, :
From: Anonymous <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>
presentation indicators 'address unavailable',
IAM CIN .
screening indicators .
3.6.7.2 tel URL ISUP
tel URL ISUP . URI
,
URI. (
, ,
), NoA national
(significant) number, URI .
, , , NoA
international number URI.
NPI ISDN numbering plan.
URI ,
URI,
.
,
SIP, , URI
( URI Request-URI, 484 (Address
incomplete)).
tel URL ISUP calling format
, presentation indicator
presentation allowed, screening indicator network
provided,
.
130

MD5 ( )
. MD5
; , ,
, .
MD5 .
,
,
, , md5( )
,
.

SIP,
.
UA
.

.
ISUP SIP
SDP,
SIP
answer
.
offer SDP,
SIP .
7
7
q ,
q

0 1.
-
, .
ISUP
SIP

- .
Stateless
.
-
,
, .
. -
,
.
Stateful
- - .
( )
,
.
Backward Call Indicators

BCI
313
called party status

CIC
CIN
CON
CPG
CPN
event package
FCI
GAP
IM
Interworking
indicator
ISUP
. ISUP.
. ISUP.
Carrier Identification Code ().
Calling Party's Number .
ISUP.
Connect Message IUSP.
Call Progress ISUP.
Called Party Number .
ISUP.
()
, .
Forward Call Indicators -
. ISUP.
Generic Address Parameter ISUP.
(Instant
Messaging)
, ,

, BCI
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part

7
Media Gateway -
MG
, SIP .
.
Media Gateway Controller .
MGC
.
Naming Authority Pointer
NAPTR
SIP URL DNS .
Nature of Connection Indicator ISUP.
NCI
Original Called Number ISUP.
OCN

option-tag
SIP SIP,
RFC.
(path Maximum Transfer Unit)
path MTU
,
,
. Path
MTU MTU .
SIP. ,
registrar
,
.
.
remote target
, .
( ) ,
route set
,
. ,
.
Session Initiation (SIP - T)
Protocol
for
Telephones (SIP-T)
314
strict router
TMR
TNS
-, Request-URI
Route.
Transmission Medium Requirement ISUP.
Transit Network Selection ISUP.
315

1. Rosenberg J., Schulzrinne H., Camarillo G., Johnston A., Peterson J., Sparks R., Handley M.,
E. Schooler "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261
2. M.Handley, H. Schulzrinne, E. Schooler, J. Rosenberg " SIP: Session Initiation Protocol"
RFC 2543
3. J. Franks, P. Hallam-Baker, J. Hostetler, S. Lawrence, P. Leach, A. Luotonen, L. Stewart
"HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication" RFC 2617
4. Donovan S. "The SIP INFO Method", RFC 2976
5. J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne "Reliability of Provisional Responses in SIP" RFC 3262
6. A. B. Roach "SIP - Specific Event Notification" RFC 3265
7. J. Rosenberg "SIP UPDATE Method" RFC 3311
8. R. Sparks "SIP Refer Method" RFC 3515
9. A. Johnston, A. Johnston, R. Sparks, C. Cunningham, K. Summers "SIP Basic Call Flow
Examples" RFC 3665
10. J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne "SIP: Locating SIP Servers" RFC 3263
11. J. Peterson " Privacy Mechanism for SIP" RFC 3323
12. H. Schulzrinne, D. Oran, G. Camarillo "The Reason Header Field for SIP" RFC 3326
13. G. Camarillo, W. Marshall, J. Rosenberg "Integration of Resource Management and SIP"
RFC 3312
14. W. Marshall "Private SIP Extensions for Media Authorization" RFC 3313
15. C. Jennings, J. Peterson, M. Watson "Private Extensions to SIP for Asserted Identity within
Trusted Networks" RFC 3325
16. D. Willis, B. Hoeneisen
Contacts" RFC 3327
"SIP Extension Header Field for Registering Non-Adjacent
17. J. Arkko, V. Torvinen, G. Camarillo, A. Niemi, T. Haukka "Security Mechanism Agreement

for SIP" RFC 3329
18. B. Campbell, J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne, C. Huitema, D. Gurle "SIP Extension for Instant
Messaging" RFC 3428
19. M. Garcia-Martin, E. Henrikson, D. Mills "Private Header (P-Header) Extensions to SIP for
the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)" RFC 3455
20. W. Marshall, F. Andreasen "Private SIP Proxy-to-Proxy Extensions for Supporting the
PacketCable Distributed Call Signaling Architecture" RFC 3603
21. D. Willis, B. Hoeneisen "SIP Extension Header Field for Service Route Discovery During
Registration" RFC 3608
22. .. .. .. IP . .: ,
2001.
316

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.., .., ..

3.6.3 ISUP SIP

3.6.4 SIP ISUP

401 (Unauthorized) 407 (Proxy Authentication Required)

INVITE sip:vladimir@protei.ru SIP/2.0

stateless UAS (1xx)

, stateless UAS stateful UAS.

Security-Client, Security-Server, Security-Verify

Warning: 307 serv1.niits.ru " example "

404, 413, 480, 486, 500,

INVITE sip: alexander@serv1.loniis.ru SIP/2.0

INVITE <c offer 1>

event package SUBSCRIBE

Method Not Allowed. ,

Server Internal Error. . ,

TLS, Request-URI SIPS URI,

UAC REGISTER registrar;

. Registrar 200 (OK):

. Contact 200 (OK);

UAS 2xx (OK);

4xx, 5xx 6xx

486 (Busy Here). UAS ,

Stateless - target set.

2.4.3 Route Request-URI

sip:vladimir@u2.protei.ru, route set <sip:p1.niits.ru;lr>,<sip:p2.protei.ru;lr>

U2 200 (OK). U2 BYE - 4

INVITE sip:vladimir@gateway.niits.ru SIP/2.0

UAC 401 (Unauthorized), ,

(Proxy Authentication Required). -

2.7.4 SIP S/MIME (SIP-)

Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2004 13:02:03 GMT

Anton -> Proxy 1

INVITE sip:vladimir@protei.ru SIP/2.0

F2 407 (Proxy Authorization Required) Proxy 1 -> Anton

F3 ACK Anton -> Proxy 1

Proxy 1 -> Proxy 2

INVITE sip:vladimir@protei.ru SIP/2.0

Proxy 1 -> Anton

SIP/2.0 100 Trying

Proxy 2 -> Vladimir

INVITE sip:vladimir@serv3.protei.ru SIP/2.0

Proxy 2 -> Proxy 1

SIP/2.0 100 Trying

Vladimir -> Proxy 2

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

F10 180 (Ringing)

Proxy 2 -> Proxy 1

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

F11 180 (Ringing)

Proxy 1 -> Anton

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

F12 200 (OK) Vladimir -> Proxy 2

F13 200 (OK)

Proxy 2 -> Proxy 1

F14 200 (OK)

Proxy 1 -> Anton

Anton -> Proxy 1

ACK sip:vladimir@serv3.protei.ru SIP/2.0

Proxy 1 -> Proxy 2

ACK sip:vladimir@serv3.protei.ru SIP/2.0

Proxy 2 -> Vladimir

ACK sip:vladimir@serv3.protei.ru SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/TCP ss2.protei.ru:5060;branch=z9hG4bK721e4.1

Anton Vladimir RTP .