Chemistry 531 Semester II Exam Formula Sheet Avogadros Number = 6.

02 X 1023
% Yield = actual yield X 100 expected yield

Pressure Units: 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr = 1.01325 x 105 Pa = 101.325 kPa
V1P1 V2 P2 = T1 T2

V = volume

P = pressure

Tkelvin = Tcelsius + 273

R = 0.0821 Latm/molK

PV= nRT

n = moles = m/M

m = mass

M = molar mass
VA t B = = VB t A

M=

mRT PV

D=

PM RT

D = density

MB MA

v = velocity

t = time

Molarity (M) =

moles of solute liter of solution

Molality (m) =

moles of solute kg of solvent

M1V1 = M2V2

Tf = (i) (m) (kf) i = # of ions m = molality kf = molal freezing point depression constant (H2O = 1.86C/m) Freezing point of solution = Freezing point of pure solvent Tf Tb = (i) (m) (kb) i = # of ions m = molality kb = molal boiling point elevation constant (H2O = 0.52C/m) Boiling point of solution = Boiling point of pure solvent + Tb

Q = (m)(c) T G = H - TS

Q = heat

m = mass

c = specific heat H = enthalpy

c = 4.184 J/gC for H2O S = entropy

G = Gibbs Free Energy

Hrxn = Hf (products) - Hf (reactants)