Tugas Bahasa Inggris

Laporan Presentasi

Group 7 : Anastasia Evira

Febriaty Ivana
Theodore Tobias
RomBel : X-4

OKTOBER 2007
SMA 2 PAHANDUT
PALANGKARAYA
Tugas Bahasa Inggris
Laporan Presentasi
Group 7 : Anastasia Evira
Febriaty Ivana
Theodore Tobias
RomBel : X-4

OKTOBER 2007
SMA 2 PAHANDUT
PALANGKARAYA
ii
 First of all, praise for the God Almighty that always blessing us everytime. Thanks so much for
our teachers, Mr. Erwanto and Mr. Rudy, who helped us to finish this report through consultation. And
of course, a big thanks to our family and our friends, who brought support and helped us.
The report explains about Giving Instructions . This report was made to fill the grade of our
English task and to develop our English competence. That means, after learn this report we expect
that our English skill decrease.
We got the materials about Giving Instructions from internet and many books. We try hard to
look for the material in order to that we can explain as good as we can to our friend. We are expect
that our report can useful to develop our English skill.
Last but not least, please forgive us, if we make a mistake in our presentation or in this report.
We hope some suggestions, comments, or critically from teachers and friends, that can develop our
knowledge about problems in our report. Hopefully, this report can provide optimal benefits to
learners. God Bless Us!!!
Best Regards

Groups 7
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Cover 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Cover 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Giving Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

iv
Learn from Yesterday.
Live for Today.
Hope for Tomorrow.
v
( Instructions and requests )
Instructions and requests are about more than just grammar. When you make an instruction
or a request, you want someone to do something for you. If you get this important social interaction
wrong, you might offend your boss, your friends, or your boyfriend/girlfriend. Some requests show that
the person you are speaking to can choose to do as you want. Other ways of speaking indicate that if
the request is not followed there will be trouble. But unfortunately, you can't decide to be safe and use
only very polite requests. This is because English people sometimes use very polite requests as a way
of being sarcastic, which is very rude and offensive. So, to learn how not to make these mistakes, you
will read the text below; and you will do it now! Hurry up!

Here, we are going to look at

o The difference between requests and instructions

o The grammar and use of requests and instructions
o Register of requests and instructions
o What to say in response to a request or instruction.

The difference between requests and instructions.

Instructions (also called imperatives).

Grammar. Instructions require the person receiving them to do something, or to stop doing it.
Instructions are directly adressed to the person who has to do them. Therefore, instructions are one of
the few types of English sentences that do not need a subject. The subject is usually "you"
(understood). If there is any doubt who should do the instruction, the "naming" form - the vocative is
used.

For example:
"Everyone, be quiet! Fred, (you) say that again."
(Notice that the first instruction is general, and the second instruction is just for Fred.).
Instructions are gramatically the same as orders. However, their use is very different.

Use. Orders do not give the person who receives them any choice - they should be obeyed. As a
result, most people do not like receiving orders, and they may ask if the person giving them has any
right to do this. If it is not obvious that they do, there may be a confrontation, or the person giving the
orders will get a repuation for being "bossy". (This is not a good thing). Therefore orders are usually
given to children by their parents, pets by their owners, and by soldiers to soldiers who are less
important.

For example:
"William, stop crying, now!"
"Fido, come here, boy."
"Sergeant, attack that hill."

Everyone else usually uses the grammar of requests. However, English people do not mind
(and usually obey) written instructions, since these are not orders, and can be quire useful. (You will
see instructions on how to do each grammar exercise, for example.) You often see these in writing.
Interestingly, many advertisements are instructions.

For example:
"Lose 10kg in 2 weeks!!!." "Insert part A in slot B"
When you buy something, you often get a booklet of instructions on how to use it. This is called a
manual.
 Imperatives are not usual in spoken English, except with people who know eachother well
enough not to be very polite. When an imperative is used with an identifying vocative (a naming
word), the vocative comes first or last in the sentence.

For example:
"Put the books over there, Sally.."
Or a policeman might say something like:
"Step out of your car, Sir."

Requests
Grammar. Requests are often questions, though indirect requests may not be. Sometimes an
instruction is changed into a request by the addition of "please" or a question tag. To make a request
more polite we might use the subjunctive form of the verb. Very often English requests are indirect.
Instead of asking someone to do something, the speaker asks if the person is able to do it. Therefore
modals of ability ("can", "may" etc) are very often used.

For example:
"Come here, please." (order modified with "please".)
"Pass the salt, would you?" (order modified with question tag)
"Can I take this seat?" (indirect request with modal of ability)
"Could I take this seat?" ( polite indirect request with modal of ability in the subjunctive)
The subjunctive modal sounds complicated, but for the moment, just remember that "Could" is
more polite than "Can", and "Might" is more polite than "May". "May/might" is slightly more polite than
"can/could", but generally you can use either one.

Use. Requests and instructions are very complicated in use, because it is important not to offend
people by giving orders. (This is also why many insults are given as orders.) To avoid offence, orders
are often given as requests, even if the person receiving them must do as he is told. On the other
hand suggestions, or encouragement from friends are often given as orders. Indirect requests are
often questions related to what the speaker wants, but which do not directly ask for something. Just to
make it all more complicated, sometimes even suggestions are really strong orders, and some polite
instructions are given as ordinary statements.

For example:
"Could you call Mr Biggs for me, Margaret?" (order as request.)
"Would you like to open your suitcase, Madam?"(order as suggestion.)
"Have fun!."(encouragement as order)
"Go on! Have some more cake."(suggestion as order)
"Go to hell!"(insult as order)

"Why don't you go to hell?"(insult as strong suggestion)

"Some more coffee would be nice."(request as statement)
"Have you got any change?"(indirect request for money by beggars as related question)
"You might consider doing it this way ... "(instruction as statement)

Please
"Please" is often used to change an order into a request. It does this by suggesting that the person
receiving it can choose whether or not to do it. ("Please" is a short way of saying "if it pleases you".)
As with vocatives "please" comes at the beginning or the end of the request. Generally, if there is a
vocative and "please" in a sentence, they go at different ends. (You can choose which.) If they are at
the same end, the vocative comes first at the beginning, or last at the end.

For example:
"Samantha, please come here."
"Samantha, come here please."
"Come here please, Samantha."
"Please come here Samantha.
are all different ways of saying the same thing. If it is a boss speaking to his secretary, this would be
an instruction. If it is a boy talking to his girlfriend, it is a request.

Other modifiers
As a rule, the more strongly we suggest that we expect the person receiving a request to do it, the
less polite the request is. The more modifiers we put in, and the more remote we make the possibility
seem, the more polite it becomes. If it becomes too polite, it is sarcastic, which is not polite at all.

5
For example:
"Lend me ten pounds until Friday, will you?" (informal, not polite)
"Lend me ten pounds until Friday, would you?"
"Do you think you could lend me ten pounds until Friday?"
"Do you think you could possibly lend me ten pounds until Friday?"
"I don't suppose that you could possibly lend me ten pounds until Friday?"
"I don't suppose that you could possibly lend me ten pounds until Friday, by any chance?"
"I don't suppose that you could possibly lend me ten pounds until Friday, by any chance,
could you, please?" (very, very, humble)

Asking for Instructions

How do you (do this)?

How do I . . . ?
 What is the best way to . . . ?

How do I go about it?

What do you suggest?

How do you suggest I proceed?

What is the first step?

Giving Instructions

Sequencing

First, (you) . . .

Then, (you) . . .

Next, (you) . . .

Lastly, (you) . . .

Starting out

Before you begin, (you should . . .)

The first thing you do is . . . .

I would start by . . .

The best place to begin is . . .

To begin with,

Continuing

After that,

The next step is to . . .

The next thing you do is . . .

 Once you've done that, then . . .

When you finish that, then . . .

Finishing

The last step is . . .

The last thing you do is . . .

In the end,

When you've finished,

When you've completed all the steps,

Questions

1.) In your mind, what is the meaning of the Giving Instructions ?

2.) When should we use the Giving Instructions ?
3.) What is the difference of instructions and request ?
4.) Make ( min. 2 ) examples of the Giving Instructions !

Alternative Answers :
1.)
Giving instructions is an expression or the way to require the person receiving them to do
something, or to stop doing it, with the imperative sentences. Instructions are directly adressed
to the person who has to do them.
2.)
You can use the Giving Instructions when you want someone to do something for you.

3.) Instructions require the person receiving them to do something, or to stop doing it. Instructions
are directly adressed to the person who has to do them. Therefore, instructions are one of the
few types of English sentences that do not need a subject. The subject is usually "you"
(understood). If there is any doubt who should do the instruction, the "naming" form - the
vocative is used. Requests are often questions, though indirect requests may not be. Sometimes
an instruction is changed into a request by the addition of "please" or a question tag. To make a
request more polite we might use the subjunctive form of the verb. Very often English requests
are indirect. Instead of asking someone to do something, the speaker asks if the person is able
to do it. Therefore modals of ability ("can", "may" etc) are very often used.

4.) Examples of Giving Instructions :

 Go away, please!
 Would you take this letter, please ?
 Clean the shoes!
 Don’t eat quickly !
 Etc.
 9

Score

No. Name Score Comment

1. Alvina Armelia
2. Anastasia Evira
3. Andini Aprilia
4. Andreas Agus H.M.
5. Anna Marthea V.G.
6. Aprianto
7. Bagus Indriatmojo
8. Brata Kusuma
9. Chandra Meida Dewi
10. Ebith Pebrianto U.
11. Erlita Utami F.
12. Evanphilo Ibie
13. Febriaty Ivana M.
14. Febrina Veronika
10
15. Golda Belladona U.
16. Hadrianor
17. Hasymi Surya
18. Hidayatunnissa
19. Krisna Chandra P.
20. Lia Erviani
21. Meity Chyntia T.
22. Melly Astuti
23. Ovilia Santari
24. Pirta Veronika
25. Putu Atmaka P.
26. Sheila Regina D.
27. Siti Puspasari
28. Stevany Marcelina
29. Theodore Tobias
30. Venita Anggraeny
31. Yeni Adriana
 11
32. Nova Cendrakasih
33. Eko Pratama P.

12

Guesswork ( Tebak-tebakan )
 Games atau permainan kali ini adalah guesswork atau tebak-tebakan. Dalam games ini
kelompok kami menyiapkan beberapa soal tebak-tebakan dengan aturan siapa yang dapat menebak
lebih cepat dari yang lain akan menang. Selain itu karena soal tebak-tebakan yang kami gunakan
bersifat universal, maka siapa yang menjawab soal tebak-tebakan dengan jawaban yang lucu ( jayus )
lah yang akan menang. Kelompok kami menyiapkan 8 buah hadiah. Lima buah hadiah yang biasa dan
tiga buah hadiah istimewa.
Berikut ini adalah soal tebak-tebakan yang kami ajukan beserta alternatif jawabannya, antara
lain :
1.) Kenapa cacing ngga punya tulang ? Karena waktu pembagian tulang cacing telat
datang.
2.) Kenapa pohon kelapa yang baru kena petir mesti ditebang ? karena kalo dicabut susah.
3.) Siapa yang selalu potong rambut tiap hari tapi rambutnya ngga pernah habis ? Tukang
cukur.
4.) Kasur apa yang bikin capek ? Kasurabaya dari sini jalan kaki.
5.) Kebo apa yang bikin capek ? Kebogor dari sini jalan kaki.
6.) Binatang apa yang bikin bingung ? Panda..nah bingung kan.
13
7.)
Apa bedanya gajah sama gajrah ? Gajah belalainya panjang kalo gajrah belalainya
panjrang.
8.)
Ada tupai naik pohon kelapa, ngambil buahnya, tinggal apanya ? Tinggal turunnya.
9.) Gimana caranya supaya kucing peliharaan ngga kencing di jok belakang mobil ?
Pindahin ke jok depan mobil.
10.)Apa bedanya orang jatuh dari tingkat 1 sama orang jatuh dari tingkat 10 ? Dari tingkat
1 : Bruk!! aaww!!, dari tingkat 10 : aaawww, bruk!!!
11.)Lagu apa yang keren, cakep, asyik , dsn bikin jstuh cinta ? Lague donk.
12.)Paku apa yang galak ? Pakumandan.
 13.)Buah strawberry asalnya dari mana ? dari kebon.
14.)Binatang apa yang punya 4 kaki tapi ngga bisa jalan ? kodok.
15.)Benda apa yang warnanya sama dengan namanya ? cokelat.
16.)
Kenapa ban belakang lebih cepat gundul daripada ban depan ? karena pusing mikirin
gimana ngejar ban depan.
17.)Apa kesamaan telepon dan jemuran ? Kalau kring sama-sama diangkat.
18.)Kenapa jerapah lehernya panjang ? Takdir.

14

Sudarwati, Th. M. ; Grace, Eudia. 2007. Look Ahead An English Course for Senior High School
Students year X. Jakarta : Erlangga.
Hariyono, Drs. Rudy. 2002. Easy Way to English, second book. Jakarta : Gitamedia Press.
www. English_online.com//aska1.htm
www. ESLGOLD.NET
 15

Live as if you were to

Die tomorrow.
Learn as if you were to
Life forever.