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MoxHo lr 6o,ree craKalbl, a npH Bo3MoxHocrI.I rt QyHAaMeHTbI ycrpanBarb AJIS Ka)KAoii BerB[ pa3AenbHo. Pa:uepu craKaHa B rIJIaHe3aBllcsr or pa3MepoB aonepeqHoro Heo6xoaaune pa3Mepbr3a3opoB Mexay fpaHqMll ceqeHuflKoJroHHbr, I a puc. 12,a,6 K o " ' r o H HH b rc r a f i a H a n o K a 3 a H b u cJ'Ieayer flpu npoerrupoeauuu $yn4auerroa c6opnslx KoJ'IoHH crperifirbc; Hcno.nlgogars AeftcrByIouue cepI'IurxrIoBbIX'Ieprexeft, - KoH[p MeHlTr' TunoBble QyHAaMesTbl a np{ HeBo3Mo)<HocTI.i IIo aHa'[or[], c TIIIoBbIMI'IC yqeTOMI'I3JIO' cTpyHpoBaTbHeTHrIoBble eH,(aIIHlt, 3Iecb p eKoM )KeHHbrx CteHKu craxaHog Mo)I(HoHe apMl,tpoBarb'ecJll.inoBepxy trx ro,'I' quna 6o,ree 200 ,trl| 6o;ree 0,75 Bblcorbl Bepxuelli cryneuu (npn u"'tll 6o.nee r,ry6rne ctaxaua 6o,'ltulell, qeM Bblcora rIoAKo,'IoHHuKa) Bblcora Menbrueli,'IeM (rIpn rny6lue craxaua r,ry6nun craKaHa 0,75 STxx ycJIoBtii creHKH c I aKaHa . flpt ueco6,ttlo,4eul.Ill noAKor'roHHr.{Ka) c pacqeToM. c,'reayeT apMlpoBaTb B cooTBeTcTBIrI.i qacru ec,'lHoH pagBar I1 He r ItoAKoJIoHHIIK, craraHsoii CreHrr 6erouuult, apMlipylor B rtpoaoJlbHoMH no' Mox(er 6brrb Bhrno,'IHeH f l o n e p e u u o e a p M l t p o B a H t ec r e H o K c r a f i e p e r l B o MH a n p a B J l e H u t x . Kalla B npeae,lax efo BbIcor[,] peKoMeHAyercq BblnorHlrb B Blrae cBapHblx ceToK, cTepxHu KoTopbIX pacnoJlafaloT ropr.r3oHTaJrbHbIX noBepxHocTeIlcreHoK. tl BHyTpeHHI.lx y HapyxHbrx BepTHKaJIbHblx He MeHee qerBeprlr 6bITb 3TI{x ceroK crepxneii Aor)<eH .Il,rauerp auaMerpa npoaoJrbHblx(aepruxa.lluux) crep)KHeli creHoK craKaHa Lr, Bo BcqKoMc,'ryqae,He ltesee 8 z,u. PaocroqHlre Mexay cerraMl cJleayer Ha3Haqarb He 60ree qeTBeprx fry6nrIbI craKaHa lt He 6r)ree 200 -,lr. B nepxuei]tqacrH craKaHa npl 3ToM craBsr rpl'I-qerblpe cerKu c uafoM 100 tfi. TIoAKoJIoHflonepeuHar apMarypa Hlrr{e AHa craKaHa pa3BI.ITbIx B Buae rlollepeqHblxcTepxtHeltfipll cBapHbIX KoHcTpylrpyeTcfl HnKOB KapKacax uJlll B Blrae xoMyroB - rlps Bfl3aHbIXKapKaCaX,npfiqeM TaKUM xe, KaK AlraMerp creprtHefi sroil apMarypbl npHHI.iMaercff cTepxHex nonepeqHblx ceToK, yKIa,{hIBaeMblxB IIpele' r'r ar.raMeTp rax craKaHa, Koncrpyx{at ll uaf fionepeqHoii^apMarypbl np],IHI.I' LTepxiHn rlpoaoJ'IbaM KoHcTpyHpoBa[Ht Ko"'IoHH. MaeTcs [o l]p aBI.r,'I a f opl'I3oHTa,'Ib' arypbr ro"'I)K]tbt, 11poxoAurbBHyrpll KoHTyp Hoir a p ['r noKa3aHo Ha t p y n a a l t e l r a A p l t u p o e a l l u e c r a K a H a . Hblx ceroK oac. 15.a. IIo pacqery He HyxHo Ec,'r u crenxn craKaHa fi noaKo,'roHHr..rK paBHa IIJII aaxe 3ToM BbIcoTa noaKoJtoHHIlKa H nplt apMr.{poBaTb Mox(Ho MeEbule no,ryropHoii ero ul,p]tHbt, To raKoIl noaKoJloHHI'lK trb 6erougstlt. BbrIlorfl xo,ronn. @yHAanteHTbI[toHor'lllrE, oynaameHru MOHoJrHTHbrx Hbrx Ko,roHH, orlrer(a o6peaa xoropstx o6sluHo npHHllMaerct sa 50 nn su'xe ypoBHq nora uexa, KoHcrpylrpytorct c BLInycKaMH Art coeAHIIeHnq crepxHeii npo,qorbHoil apMarypbl IIoaKo,'IoHHIIKa Ko.nlvecrRo, auaMerp lI pa3c npo,Ior'rbHofiapMarypoii Ko,'loHHbI. oljBKa Bbr[ycKoB AoJI)IIHIJcoorBercrBoBarb apMarype KoJIoHHhIB

47

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40

flpn ycrpoficrBe 3Trx crbrKoB creAyer gnl o6ecnevenua _ ropllaTI.'BHoro3aulrrHoro cJ'tos npoAo,,rbHofi aprrarypbr noAKoJrolIHrKar.t KoJ'lol{Hb lepx e xorrrlsrgUn)CxoB oriu6aii B aHVrps 6erol|uoro c e q e H x s ( R l i c . 1 5 . 6 ) , n p H q e Mo i r r 6 a o , r x e s u o , n o r i n i i o . " ' . y*ro_ HoMI :6 nepenycKa crepxlei, crblKyeMblx BHatr,recrKv. u 3a_ _-Inrnu aerKa BbrrrycKaeMuxcrepxrreri o Syn4aueHre (ec,rr onr'He 4oeo_ ,llsrc8 Ao no,loureH) ,Io,rrxsu 6url He MeHee ei,lljqHu, yKa3aH blx Ans_pacrr Hyrl,lx crepxueri s ra6n. T. crepxueti {: QyIraaMeHros .q''ta ycrporicrna cBapHbrx ^-- -Y:llytl" a npo.u,oJrbHoii apuarypofi Ko/,toHH c noitoutro BaHlro[ no9:-o,Iou JlyaBroMaTllqecKoiicBapK[_[oA $,rncoir.r nuno,rlrqbTce, KaK [pao, oAHoM ypoBHe. flpt erolr A,,ltiHa Bbrnycxa, paccroqHrie lrl_ol B cBery Mexa-v,BbrnycKaeMbrMn. crepxHrrMH, a rarxe saiop ,.x4y crblKyeMhrx crepxtrei oysAalrerrra I KoJroHHr,r :9ryraMn Ao,,lxHbr nprHrinarbcr no $ 3 r,raau Il LrbrKr.rapMarypbr rlroHorlrrbrx (oJronu c BbrrrycKaMr.r H3 QyHAaycrpar.rBarb Bbrrle eepia 0yHraMeHrHHx I^u:19.u _pu:9""u,{yercfl xoJrorHnKa6o,ree 3-5 z qe,recoo6pasHoycrpoficroo "ropoio aror*u H a y p o B g en e p x a n , r r r n o r i q a c r [ OyHIaMeHr;. B. <Dyngauenru craJrbHHx xo.r6ux. @ynAaueHTbr craJrbHbrxKo_ JroHHKoHcrpyupylorcr c aHKepHbrun6ontauu, Heo6xoalrNrHMu a,rq

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crepx' 8 tr. Auauerp fi utar nonepeqnHx ree 800rm-He Menee

86

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n p n c B a p H b r xK a p K a c a x B c r n o n e p e q H a qa p M a T y p a a o J t x H a 6 b l T b coe,qlrHeH ca r a p x o i l a c o o r B e r c r B u ac p c . 7 , s . xoMyr oxBarblBa.r a oaHoM Peroueuayerca, vro6u xaxquii psa-v Be 6oJree nrrll pacrsHyrblx crepxHeii H xe 6o,'Ieerpex cxarux. rlpu 6o.rruev qHcne crepxHeir B oaHoM pqry, a raKxe npu 6a,rrn 350 nn u 6o,'reepexoueng.yerct nepexoauTb Ha qe' r:.lHpuHe x,' , MHorocpe3HbIe xoMyTbI. Tbrpexcpe3Hble flpzueuaenrte ans 6a,'IoK c Bq3aHoii apMarypofi KoucrpyKIlHx xoMyroB noKa3aHbrHa pt-rc.32. A,lnsst 3TI.txxoMyroB BbIqtlc'ltlorcq no c"'reayror{HM QopMyraM: a,'ruHaorKpblToro xoMyra

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cepeafiHe nponera. lprzirnopnr,rx yqacrxax paccroqHuqrrr (uaf Mexay ._..-Ha pac,rer_ HbIMH nonepeqHb^rr crepxuruu_a nnoc*rrx a"rpr"r' ^ufrru.u" nn" xoMyTaMh .A. le nee r/31rr se 6o,ree 300 _u_aO u a,s u a u a*-ca n 6a,r xax . ";;:X:;"":":l;i"il-^5Tfd'#) #t#"? '/zh 6o,ree 150 .u..t4, a rrpLr6o,,rb[efi npH oTCyTCTBHX

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300 400 500 600

150 150 150 200

200 300 350 450

700 800 1000 1200

200 250 300 300

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C O6t]Ieli apMarypoll <<n.rlaBaloHe CB'lgaHHbIX KOpOTKITX, MeHeHLIe uflx> crepxHeit c oaEHM orrfi6oM t.I crepxHeii co c"'IoxHofi KoHQtr' yqacTKoB, He paspe' fypaq[efi, uMeloIllux 6o,'Iee aByx HaKJIOHHbIx tx aeTcq. crepxueft peKoMeHAyerce pacnonararb clIMMerpl.'lqHo Orrr6u ieprura.nrHoi ocu ceqeHufl 6a'rru. Ec'ru B ceqeHul' t oTHOCUTeJbHOii orrn6aercs orlrB crepxeub, pacnonafarr' ero cn-e,{yerno ocfi cl.lMMerpflx ceqeHItfl tl'rllt Bo3MoxHO 6'rlxe x seft. orru6arl crepxHlr' y 6oKoBblx noBepxtlocreiri 6aJIKl,t! Dacno,loxeHHbleHenocpeacrBeHHo i e p e x o M e u a y e r e n( c u , p l c . 2 7 ) . P a c c r o n u u e o r 6 0 K o B o i i n o B e p x socru 6a.rxr ,l.o orru6a aonxno 6blTb He MeHeer'Byx anaMerpoB orru6aeMoro crepxHt (Puc. 33). ltl r4 Menee p3p-erlraerca B 6anrax c unplrHoii ce'{enlrq 200 crepx(HI'o. B 6anxax c IIo oal{oMy nJlocKocrll orrr{6arb B Kaxaotr onopbl nflocKocrrl cJ'le' or ,4{,'|' B nepBofi 300-400 ceqeHHt ufipriHofr 90

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Haa HLIxHI_.IM]I ToqKaMIr gatH6a rrleau_

60 30

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Pauune yeru xapaKTepHbI aJrt MoHonurHoroxe,'leso6erora, rae o6pa3oBaHxe xecTr(oro co[IpqMeHr.rn aocrliraeTcssHaqI.{TeJlbHo paMnpoue, qeM B c6opHblxKoHcrpyKullflx. .[,,r4 ocyulecrnneHHr pa6oqyrcapMarypy Ka){{Horo, r. e. xecrKoro, y3,'raHeo6xoArrMo
y3e"'I,3aBeCTr.I B CMeXHbIii3JIeCOCTaB,'rsK)UIIiX 4OrO l-l3SJ'leMeHTOB, MeHT 3TO|O y3Jra UJrlr, KOpO.re,pa6oqHe crepxHLI ysna ao,'lxHbl uaaexno gacrbrKoBaHblB3arrMHbIMnepenycKoM. 3rementu a6uru 'paMfioro y3,'r a Mofyr conpqfarbct noA pa3HblMLyr.laul, Ho uau6oJreeqacTo B npaKTr{KeBcTpeqaFTcq npqMble yrr'lbl. Paccuorpru HeKoropHe qacro Bcrpellanqtlecq c,lyqafi conpqy3r'Ia, B KOTOpOM HeO6XOALIMO O6ec[eqliTb XeCT}}(eHr..tr 3neMeHToB KOCTb. l. Conpnxenre purent c KoHuoM croftKn Crepxnu, apMtpylotqlre BxoAflIrfiii yto"'I, aor)Krlbl 6blrb 83at.tMHo TS J I a ,K a K n p a B H , l o , 6 e g o r r H 6 a s l s B 3aBe,xeHr , rc M e x H b r i i 3 J r e M e Hy crep(pxc. 35,a, 6, a). Apunpoearr sxoaqurft yro,l IIenpepblBHbIM xHeM He ao[ycKaercq. cBapHbIMH KapI(acaMt-,I Ha onope pfire,'Ifl lrpn apMt.tpoBaHI.{n ycraHaB,'rr.{BarcTcs KapKacbl, noao6HbIe oropHblM KapKacaM rJlaBBHyrpeHHeIl reJrs, a ronepeqHbre crepxHH (xoMyrbl) pureJltl-ao rpaHn croiiKH. yroJl, Kol{crpyllap Mnpynllllle ucxo,4null.rii HapyxHsle crep>KHH, pyloTcs B 3aBficltvlocT]j or Be,r qI.{HbIae[cTByloulux B y3ne ycui'IlltI, oT pacqeTa. T. e. B 3aBr.icl.rMocTr{ rpx B cooreercrsNa c oTI.{M 3Aecb Moryr 6brrb c,'leayronIl-Ie cr'ryq a rr.

uux 6a"rox. crepxHn (xolryrsl) croirKlz flonepeuHste aoBoaqr ao Bepxapfi-

(pnc.35,a). I ) flpn lta,'rux Be,'rqlrHaxrsru6anqero MoMeHTa s (onopnar apnaarypa) pnre,rl 3art6aroT Bepxirze crep>l<Hr'r H lo (no ra6a. 7 ,q.lr pacrluyrstx crepx{Heif) croiiKy Ha Be,rn(rlrHy B o,4fioM ceqeHl'Ilt. o6Dr,rBalor flpoao,rrnue crepx{HI.I o6erx cropott croiiK[ AoBoaflrao Bepxa pure,rr. Hrxnue crepxHrr (npo,rerHarapruarypa) pllre,{fl saBoaflr o6ecneqfiBalouylo fpaHb Ha Ber''IHqrHy, B CrOfiKy 3a ee BHyTpeHHlOIo
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BnyrpeunHe crepx(Hl-tcroriKu H qacrb Hapyx(HbrxAoBoaflT, KaK u B n p e x H r . t xc , l y q a 9 x , , u . oB e p x a p u r e n f l , a q a c T b H a p y x H b l x c T e p xHerr cTor,rKlr, Ho He MeHeeaByx, nponycKaoT B pufeJlb Ha Be,lUv r z u y/ u o r B H y r p e H H e lrip a H l c r o i r x n . rJxo.qsuuH yron conpflxeHHr rrpx TaKnx MoMeHTax peKoMeH. ayercr ycur'rrrBarr,ByroM, Koropblii apMr.rpyercr npnuumr.r crepx" HRMI]c 3aBeaeHheMHx B pllrer'tb n B crotiKy ua ae.lu,luHy 16 (no Tao"r. b Arfl cxarbrx creplKHeit) or KoHuoBeyra. 3ru crepxHfl Aon. xHbr oxBarbrBarbcs p a c q e r H b r M rx .o J N r y r a M u .H r l K H e c r e p x H u p t z . fe"lr 3aAeJlblBaoT, KaK U B C,rylae l, 95

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3aBI.ICHT OT BIlAa ee KpHBH3H[,I.B CBq3U C 3THM pa3JlHqarcT:

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Bce conplxeHua B 3reMeHTax cKopnynH o6o.louru, nepeceqeHHt cKopJlynr,I c pe6paMnH pe6ep MexAy co6or:i s c6opHHi naHe_ Jrex cJreayer KoHcTpyr.rpoBarr, c yronueHHsMH,npeaycuarpulaa nJraBHbIe nepexoa6r. ":y_. KoHrypHbrx pe6ep naHe,qeii c6op......n:.i:lll.r lg!:!Ino.r"r HbIXOOOJIOtTeK pe,KoMeHAyeTcs qepeayror{llec'I aeJraTb BbrcTynbr a BnaarnH Ant o6pa3oBaHl-lr nocJIe 3aMoHOJI].iqliBaHr.tq 6erunuux
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crepxneri .([aMerpoM He MeHee6 ;l,ll. Crepxnw cerKl 3anerbrBarorcflB KoHTypnbre a.[eMeHTbr raK xre, KaK Ha rpailuHx olopax nJl,ocKrx n,'rur (puc. 37, a). B nprxourypuux gosai cBepxy yKna_ _ oaont 4uaQparua AbrBaorcl AorronHr..rrelbubre ceTKu 1pnL.52,a1 r/r0 LnkHbr o o6e cropousr Ha paccTosHHe oi'ee oc,l' (pa6ovr.re 'a crepxHn npsMo,'rlrHefiHbre, a MoHTaxHbte Kpr.rBo,THHeftHbre) o4o,rl O o p r o n u x6 a . n o r ( p a c . 1 7 , a l n a p a c c r o n u u e1 , 2 5 _1 , 5 0 , 'r' ranNe cropouy (saecr crepxHa xpaeo.nruerlHue, a : ^iiT.llr .pa6o'rue pa60ql-te MoHraxHbre nprvo,lrnHeftuue). crepxuu 4ono.n nrrreJlbH brx 102

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104

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u reM rerqe rx r.r3noroBrrrb. Oasaxo uenrre raie,ru oueul rpygoMKlr nplr MoHTaxe. Onruvanluue pa3Mepbr c6opHlrx laue,reft o6onoqeK 4soaxofr KpHBx3Hbl,ycrauoeunnabcx npaxrHxoir crpouTe,trr,craa flocr'reaHuxJrer, npHH]iMatorcn 3f 6 n u 3X12 u. |Io. BepxHocrb srt]x rlaHe.'reiiqIInflHApuqecKaq.I(oncrpyxuun lI apMr.rpoBaHHenaHeneri rpr Moyror'rbnbrx B [naHe o6onoqex nolo6sor naqu,'rIHApHqecKux He,'rqM AJ'rlrHHbrx 060,ro,reK,c yqeroM u3JroxeHHoro Bblure Arq Monor'lllrubrx 060,10qeK,rsoaxofi xp Aptr,tNpooa- let:nu. HLIe pqaoBori naue,ra c6opHofi KBarparHoli o6o.loqxx AaHo Ha Drc. 38.6. Vmostte eoHu c6opHux o6oloqex o6btqHo Bbrno,,rHslorctMoHo. J t n r H b I M uB , Hllx yKnalblBaercnqacrb xocoli apmarypu. llpH 3HaqHTe,,rbHb x3 M e p a x o 6 o n o q x n e e c K o p J l y [ a M o x e r pta Koncrpyr.ipoBarbcr cocraBHoii no ro,'ruuge us 4ayx c6opnux narrenefi, c pe6paMl-r o,6 p a u e H H s r v r . t H y r p bc e q e H r . t n . B AHaQpafMbr o6onoqeK KoHcrpyr.rpyrorcr no4o6Ho aHarorriqHbtNr nJIOCKT{M KOHCTpyKrlxrM.
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.'roqKa Ha KpyfnoM rrnr! MHoroyfo,'lbHoMnJ'raHe.KoHTypHblM gJreMeHToM Kynon-anBr''lflercn xe,rego6etoHsoe Konbuo y ero ocHoBaHxr. tt oToM xor'rbue.Koropoe rBnflercs saa6o.neeoraercrgesnori qacrrrc Kynora, or AericrBHq sueuHeft Harpy3Kr.iBcetla Bo3Hl.rKaer pacrqxesne. Crltxr npoaonbgbrx crepxnirl KoJrbuaaor''rxHbr KoHcrpyxpoBarbcq cBapHblMr.r, [.na yae,rlveuufl xecrKocrx pacrrHyroro KonbIla peKoMeHAyeTcfl BbrnoJ'rHqTb efo npeaBapxrenbHo-Harrps]KeHHbrM. B uenrpe Kyrrona, ecntl HyxHo l{Merb orBepcrr.ie, TaK)Ke ycrpauBaercs Konbuo. Bepxsee xontuo BcerAa cr(aro I o6uqso aouupyercs KoHcrpyKrxBHo. MoHo,ttrulte KynoJra BbrnoJrHsltrrcfl, KaK npaBrr,,to,r,1aAKr.tMlr. _ l o,r[luHa Ilx cKopJrynb]HagHaqaercs no KoHcrpyKTl.rBHbrM coo6paxeHrlrM l.t Ao,'txHa 6brTb He MeHee (/600paAnyca KprrB[3ubr H Hs uesee 50 nn. B so:HenpHMbrKaHHrK onop[oMy xo,rluy ro"rrqnny cKopnynr,l cIe,{yeT yBenxqIIBaTb.' Cxopnyna npn ue6o,rlunx roJ'lr{r.rHaxapMUpyercs o4rnovuoft cefl{oft, a flpll ro,'IqtHe 80 nn s 6o,ree- ABoiiHoti. B npuxourypHori yronxreHHori 3one cKopnynbl cJeryer Bceraa npeaycMalpucarb 4 e o i i u y r oa p M a r y p y ( p H c . 3 9 , a ) . P a e n e p n p a x o u r y l H o i i s o u u rr n p e ,u,enqercr pacqeroM. Cxop,ryna MoHoJ'rnrHbrx KynoJroB,KaK paBt,t. Jro, ap Mupyercn oraeJrbH brMl.rcrepxHn MH. CrepxHu yx,ra4uroarcrcn
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2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120 2t 40 2160 2180 2200 2220 2240 2260 2280 2300 2320 2340 2360 2380 2400 2420 2440 2460 2480 2500 2520 2540 2560 2580 2600 2620 2640 2660 2680 2700 2720 2740 2760 2780 2800 2820 2840 2860 2880 2900 2920 2940 2960 2980

II podotcteaue npu,lo.E,VII
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JII,ITEPATYPA
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7. CHun II-8. l-62. * BeroHHbte fl xe,re3o6croHHbte xoHcrpyK(rr. FIopMbr npoexrrrpoDa HIr. foccrpofia:aar, M.. 1971. 8. CHrfl l1-8. l-72. berouuure I xe,rego6erontue noHcrpyKqur.HopMr,r IIpoe(tupoBarrIrs. npoekr. 9. Vxa:auut-^no-nplMeHeHrro s xe,le:06etonltux KoHcrpyl{ullrxcrepxHeBoi apMarypH(CH 390-69). M., 1969. yKaJar'rt I0. no cBrpKe coenHHetrriapMarypb, fl 3aKraaH6t\aera.lei xe_ Jre3oocroHlbrx KoHcrp)xurii (CH 393-69). foccrpo&fi3lar. M. 1970. tl. JKa3altr no rexHo'rorDH npog3BolcrBaapMarypHbtx Da6ot e npoMi,:lii JreHHoM u rpax.(aHcxoMcrDotre"rhcrge(H9_61). HHlAOMTfl, foccrpofins4ar. M.. 1962. 12.JKa3aHrr no yHHo{I(aurlj lreMeHToaxe,reso6eroHHl,rx xoHcrpyKuuit. Ce_ psr 1.288. f nporirc,ti'l., i963.

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