NICKEL IN CHOCOLATES

YASH SHARMA XII - B

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CERTIFICATE

Name : Yash Sharma Class : XII-B Roll no. :

This is certified to be the bonafied work of the student in the biology laboratory for the project.

Mrs. Sumita Roy Head of Department Department of Biology

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project is the result of invaluable guidance given to me by my Biology teacher Mrs. Sumita Roy. It is eqaully important to mention the name of Mr. Chandran our laboratory assistant whose cooperation attitude in providing the required materials.

YASH SHARMA XII - B ROLL NO.

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CONTENTS :

INTRODUCTION ROLE OF NICKEL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL PROCEDURE REACTIONS OBSERVATIONS CALCULATIONS RESULT CONCLUSION

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AIM :

TO FIND OUT THE PERCENTAGE IN GIVEN SAMPLE OF CHOCOLATE.

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INTRODUCTION :

CHOCOLATES ARE EVERYONES FAVOURITE THEY ARE MOST LOVED AMONG CHILDREN. BUT DOES ANYONE BOTHER TO FIND WHAT IT CONTAINS???? VERY FEW PEOPLE ARE AWARE OF THE FACT THAT NICKEL IS PRESENT IN CHOCOLATES, WHICH IS NEVER MENTIONED IN THE INGRIDIENTS.THE NUMEROUS ADS FLASHED ON TELEVISION NEVER MENTION ABOUT IT. BUT IT IS ADDED IN COMPARATIVELY SMALL AMOUNTS. IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT EATING CHOCOLATES IN EXCESS MIGHT CAUSE GREYING OH HAIR , DEPOSITION OF NICKEL CAUSES MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEMS.

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PROPERTIES OF NICKEL

NICKEL IS TRANSITION ELEMENT WITH ATOMIC NUMBER 28 . IT IS A SILVERYWHITE LUSTROUS METAL WITH A SLIGHT GOLDEN TINGE. IT HAS TWO UNPAIRED ELECTRONS. IT IS PARAMAGNETIC. BOILING POINT MELTING POINT 3186 K, 2913 C, 5275 F 1728 K, 1455 C, 2651 F

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ROLE OF NICKEL

NICKEL IS ADDED TO CHOCOLATES FOR INCREASING THEIR MELTING POINT AND FOR PREVENTING IT FROM MELTING AT NORMAL TEMPERATURE.

CARRYING OUT SYSTEMATIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS WE CAN IDENTIFY PRESENCE OF NICKEL BY PRECIPITATING NICKEL DIMETHYL GLYOXIME .

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HARMFUL EFFECTS

IT CAN CAUSE CHRONIC BRONCHITIS. IT CAN CAUSE LIVER NECROSIS. IT CAN CAUSE PULMONARY INFLAMATION. IT CAN CAUSE SKIN DISEASES. IT CAUSES ALLERGIES.

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PROCEDURE :
TAKE 5MG OF CHOCLATE IN A TEST TUBE. ADD DIL. HCL ACID TO DISSOLVE THE PIECES. FILTER THE SOLUTION AND ADD SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE TILL IT BECOMES ALKALINE. THROUGH THE SOLUTION PASS HYDROGEN SULPHIDE GAS TILL COMPLETE PRECIPITATION OF NICKEL SULPHIDE TAKES PLACE. FILTER THE BLACK PRECIPITATE OF NICKEL SULPHIDE AND DISSOLVE THEM INMAXIMUM OF AQUAREGIA (3 PARTS OF HCL AND 1 PART OF HNO3). EVAPORATE THE SOLUTION TO DRYNESS.

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 DISSOLVE THE SOLID IN HCL AND HEAT UP TO 500K. ADD 1% OF ALCOHOL SOLUTION AND IN SLIGHT EXCESS IMMEDIATELY ADD AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE WITH CONSTNAT STIRRING TILL THE SOLUTION IS SLIGHTLY ALKALINE. THEN ADD DIMETHYL GLYOXIME WHICH GIVES ROSE RED PRECIPITATE . STIR WELL AND ALOW IT FOR DIGESTION IN A WATER BATH FOR HALF AN HOUR. FILTER THE PRECIPITATE AND DRY THEM. BURN IN SILICA CRUCIBLES WHICH IS ALREADY WEIGHED. COOL IT AND WEIGH IT AGAIN. THE DIFFERENCE IN THE WEIGHT OF SILICA GIVES THE AMOUNT OF NICKEL DIMETHYL GLYOXIMATE.

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OBSERVATION TABLE

SAMPLE CHOCOLATE

MASS OF SAMPLE 5g 5g 5g 5g 5g

MASS OF NICKEL 0.0857g 0.0535g 0.0459g 0.0459g 0.0352g

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CALCULATIONS :

PERCENTAGE OF Ni IN PERK

ATOMIC MASS OF Ni = 58.8 MOLECULAR MASS OF DIMETHYL GLYOXIME = 288.8 PERCENTAGE OF Ni = 58.8 x 0.0857 x 100 288.8 x 5

= 0.349 %

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PERCENTAGE OF Ni IN DAIRY MILK

ATOMIC MASS OF Ni = 58.8 MOLECULAR MASS OF DIMETHYL GLYOXIME = 288.8 PERCENTAGE OF Ni = 58.8 x 0.0535 x 100 288.8 x 5 = 0.218 %

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PERCENTAGE O F Ni IN FIVE STAR

ATOMIC MASS OF Ni = 58.8 MOLECULAR MASS OF DIMETHYL GLYOXIME = 288.8 PERCENTAGE OF Ni = 58.8 x 0.0495 x 100 288.8 x 5 = 0.187 %

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PERCENTAGE O F Ni IN TWIX

ATOMIC MASS OF Ni = 58.8 MOLECULAR MASS OF DIMETHYL GLYOXIME = 288.8 PERCENTAGE OF Ni = 58.8 x 0.0935 x 100 288.8 x 5 = 0.381 %

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PERCENTAGE O F Ni IN BAR - ONE

ATOMIC MASS OF Ni = 58.8 MOLECULAR MASS OF DIMETHYL GLYOXIME = 288.8 PERCENTAGE OF Ni = 58.8 x 0.0352 x 100 288.8 x 5 = 0.143 %

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RESULT :
IN THE SAMPLES TAKEN IT HAS BEEN FOUND THAT PRESERVANCE OF NICKEL IS CONFIRMED IN PERK, DAIRY MILK, FIVE STAR ,TWIX , AND BAR-ONE. BUT THE CONTENT WAS VERY LESS.

% OF Ni PERK IS % OF Ni DAIRY MILK IS % OF Ni FIVE STAR IS % OF Ni TWIX IS % OF Ni BARONE IS

0.349 0.218 0.187 0.381 0.143

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CONCLUSION :

FROM THE EXPERIMENT IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT AMONG THE SAMPLES OF PERK, DAIRY MILK, FIVE STAR TWIX AND BAR ONE , ALL CONTAIN NICKEL BUT IN VERY MINUTE QUANTITY.

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BIBLOGRAPHY :

BRITANICA ENCYCLOPEDIA SCIENCE ENCYCLOPEDIA ( TRANSITION METALS) MAGZINE HEALTH PLUS WIKIPEDIA.COM

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