INTRODUCTION TO THREE MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER

CONDUCTION
Conduction is a transfer of heat between substances that are in direct contact with each other. The better the conductor more rapidly the heat transfer.

Which substances are all good conductors or poor conductors?

Good conductors Copper Silver Poor conductors/Insulators Wood Paper

Iron
Steel

Air
Plastics

CONVECTION
* Conduction is a up and down movement of gases and liquid caused by heat transfer.

As the gas or a liquid is heated it warms, expands, and rises because it is less dense. When the gas or liquid cool it becomes denser and falls. It creates the convection current.

RADIATION
When electromagnetic waves travel through the space it is called radiation Electromagnetic waves travels through empty space. Sun warms the earth through the electromagnetic waves.

SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

SPIRAL HEAT EXCHANGER

PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS

BASIC EQUATION OF HEAT TRANSFER

Heat transfer is given by

Where m is the mass, C is the specific heat and T is the temperature difference in K

FOR CONDUCTION
Heat transfer (Q) by Conduction formula is given by

Where k is the thermal conductivity of the material, A is the cross sectional area, THot is the higher temperature, TCold is the cooler temperature, t is the time taken, d is the thickness of the material

FOR CONVECTION
Heat transfer by Convection is given by

Where Hc is the heat transfer coefficient, A is the cross sectional area, THot is the higher temperature, TCold is the cooler temperature, t is the time taken, d is the thickness of the material

FOR RADIATION
The Heat transfer by radiation is given by

Here is the Stefan Boltzmann Constant. A is the cross sectional area, THot is the higher temperature, TCold is the cooler temperature, t is the time taken, d is the thickness of the material Heat transfer is usually expressed in Joules. Heat transfer formula is used in problems to find the heat transfer taking place for any given material.