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. 66
3/
.
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. , ,
. , ..
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. " ".
. 67
'
ri"
stafa-fylkingar " ", . .
. (runir),
(stafir). , (?)
, (villu-runir) (villu-Ietur).
()
.
i-hig, oddi), ,
, ""- [] (
)8( 68) (?) (. "
").
. 68
. 69
I HS
. .
53
" "
54
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. 73
.
:; v v
56
"
. "
'.
. 75
Vatna-hlifir - , .
R6u-kss Olafs konungs Tryggva-sonar -- --
-.
Drotlningarsignet - (: ) .
Himins-barna-hjalmur - () .
Gimsteinn J6nasar - .
Lukku-stafir .
Davids innsigli - .
Rodu-kross: Innsigli 61afs konungs ins helga -: .
J6stia innsigli - ( ?) .
Jesti Kristi innsigli - .
-
()
, . ,, - Ginnir, Svefn-orn, Rodu-kross, Gin-faxi, Salamons innsigli
57
'" '
regis-hjalmur - . (. regir .)
- - .
Mold-purs - () , - .
Blao - / (?) .
Komla - ? "".
Gapaldur - ? "" .
Gapanda - ,
? "" (. . ?).
Galdraholl - () .
Galdra-tolu-skip - ().
Ginnir
, , " ()".
Gapi - .
Kaupa-Ioki
" ()" "
() ".
Brjnslu - stafir - , .
Draum-stafir - ().
Svefn-porn - .
Veg-visir - .
Salomons innsigli - .
Herzlu-stafir
, ( ) , ,
"" .
Otta-stafur - .
Feingur - (), , , (?).
Lasa-brjotur - , .
!>ors-hamar - .
pjOfa-stfu .
Dun-faxi - () "- " "-" (?).
Astros - ? "" .
S:itt-gjafar - .
Varnar-stafur Valdimars - .
Freyr .
FjOlnir - ( ).
!>undur - ( ).
!>ekkur - ( ).
prumur- ( ).
gu-g i - " " " , ".
Gin-faxi - " -", " -" (, ""
" " " "?).
Hjalpar-hringar Karla-magnusar (kerfi) Hj:ilpar-ringir
58
. '
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
Karl a gU5 (, ).
59
_ " "
Rodu-kross Sremunds ins froda - -
.
Rodu-kross ins froda - - .
, ..
lf-ii 40_ 3 - .
Un-runir - .
Hjalm-runir - 8 .
Grrenlenzkar runar - .
- - () .
Haug-runar - .
Belg-runar ( Belg-runir) - (?).
Fiskar-runar ( Fisk-runir?) - .
Svin-runar - .
Gd-i - '"- ( ).
Is-runar - ""-.
Tjald-runar - .
Val . . . - ( ?) ... .
Stal-runar - .
Skip-runar - .
Bj6r-runar - .
if-i - .
Draum-runir - ().
Sreringar runir - .
Galdra-runir - .
Hel-runir - "" "" .
\s-ii - "" -
sk-ii - .
Kvist-runir - -.
Hnakk-rlinir - "-" " () "
" ".
S61-runir - ""-.
Spjall-runir - .
Upplenzkar runir - () (?).
Stungnar rlinir - "" ( , ) .
=
. . runar
- f\ ,
60
runir .
. " "=
. 76
IV
istu-runir - ,
Vreng-runir - ,
runir ,
Aftan-runir - ( ?) ,
Ram-runir - () ,
Runir Paradisar-hellir - , " ",
Runa-fylking - (, ) ,
Grinda-Ietur - - (),
Stafa-fylking - (, ) ,
Stitlur Ofugur - ?" ,
Stitlur vefjur - ?"" ,
"Half-deilur fyrnskur" - () ,
Hemlur ? "" (, , ) ,
Mi<l-hemlur - ? -"",
Nau<lar-rett Ofug - "" ,
Mrerur - ( ) ,
Is-rett rett-fram - "" ,
Half-deilur - ( ),
Varnar-stafir - ,
Draum-stafir (),
j6fa-stafir - ,
Hrossa-stafir - ,
istingar ,
Oskiljanleg <l () ,
<l-fjtu - ,
Huldu-oro () ,
Einhverfinga - ,
Einhverfingar hregri - ( ) ,
Einhverfingarvinstri - () ,
Niu hjalpar-hringar (= niu hjalpar-hringar . . . lrerifeour) -
,
-
"
. " "
Ru-kss - -.
l-stmmu-k - , .
lII-stmm sr. M .6.S. (= Magnu$ Olaf$son) - (), -
.
L.aus-k - , .
Kri$ti fingra nOfn - () .
""
Gllini-stf1 - .
Stafkarla-Ietur - ( ) .
Karla-Magnusar-Ietur - .
Grinda-Ietur - - ( , . ).
Almenningar - ( ).
Haug-bua-Ietur (= ofug-Ietur hi(\ minna) -
yp,!lHOB ( )
Ofug-Ietur hi(\ meira - .
Spring-Ietur - -.
Villu-Ietur - , - .
Pera-Ietur - (?).
Adams-Ietur - .
lra-Ietur - " " "-" (?).
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